MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Clinical and Vaccine Immunology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:48 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659900&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301691%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the addition of βGM inhibits Salmonella-induced pro-inflammatory profiles in IECs but may promote DC activation, although associated molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. PMID: 22301691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659900 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659899&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Welch RJ, Lawless KM, Litwin CM Abstract Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis IgG antibodies may aid in the diagnosis of active M. tuberculosis disease. We studied whether anti-M. tuberculosis IgG antibodies are elevated in active M. tuberculosis disease and assessed factors contributing to false positive and negative results. A retrospective study of 2,150 individuals tested by the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay was conducted at University of Utah, ARUP Laboratories, November 2008 to December 2010. All samples were tested with the InBios Active TbDetect™anti-TB IgG antibody assay. Of 1,044 patients with a positive QFT-GIT, 59 (5.7%) were positive for M. tuberculosis antibodies. Fourteen of 1,106 (1.3%) with a negative or indeterminate QFT-GIT were positive for M... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659899 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659898&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radcliff FJ, Loh JM, Ha B, Schuhbauer D, McCluskey J, Fraser JD Abstract SMEZ-2 is a streptococcal superantigen that primarily stimulates human T cells bearing Vβ8 and mouse T cells bearing Vβ11. Mutagenesis of T cell receptor (TCR) binding residues (W75L.K182Q.D42C) produced a mutant called M1 that was >10(5)-fold less active towards human peripheral blood lymphocytes and splenocytes from transgenic mice that express human CD4 and either human HLA-DR3-DQ2 or HLA-DR4-DQ8. Similarly, cytokine production in response to M1 in lymphocyte culture was rendered undetectable and no change was observed in the frequency of Vβ11 bearing T cells in mice receiving M1. M1 toxoid was tested as a potential vaccine conjugate. Vaccination with 1-10 μg M1:ovalbumin resulted in more ra... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659898 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659897&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brockmeier SL, Loving CL, Nelson EA, Miller LC, Nicholson TL, Register KB, Grubman MJ, Brough DE, Kehrli ME Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating and costly diseases to the swine industry world-wide. Overall, the adaptive immune response to PRRS virus (PRRSV) is weak, which results in delayed elimination of virus from the host and inferior vaccine protection. PRRSV has been shown to induce a meager interferon (IFN)-α response, and we hypothesized that elevated IFN-α levels early in infection would shorten the induction time and increase elements of the adaptive immune response. To test this, we measured both antibody and cell mediated immunity in pigs after the administration of a nonreplicating human adenovirus type... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659897 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659896&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301695%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to test Western Blot (WB) in sera from patients suspected of PCM seeking a safe and sensitive serological technique for a rapid and effective diagnosis for this disease. Sera from 517 patients were analyzed through WB and double immunodiffusion (DID) techniques using crudeexoantigen of Pb339. DID was reagent in 140 sera (27%) and WB in 250 (48.4%). All sera that had a positive reaction in DID also reveal the compatible fraction with the 43kDa glycoprotein by WB. Among the 377 negative samples in DID, 29.1% were reactive in WB. For the cut off used (1:400) a positive reaction was not observed with any of the 102 sera from patients with other endemic diseases and 30 healthy individuals tested as negative control. These results prove WB to be a sensitive techni... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659896 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659895&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22301696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones GJ, Whelan A, Clifford D, Coad M, Vordermeier HM Abstract A peptide cocktail derived from the mycobacterial antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c allowed the differentiation between Mycobacterium bovis-infected and BCG-vaccinated cattle when used as a DIVA skin test reagent. Addition of the antigen Rv3020c improves the diagnostic sensitivity without compromising specificity in the face of BCG or Johne's disease vaccination. PMID: 22301696 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659895 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642555&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22278324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kirsch EJ, Greene RT, Prahl A, Rubin SI, Sykes JE, Durkin MM, Wheat LJ Abstract Antigen detection has been reported to be a promising method for rapid diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in humans. Coccidioides antigen detection has not been previously reported in dogs with coccidioidomycosis, and was evaluated in 60 cases diagnosed based on detection of anti-Coccidioides antibodies at titers of 1:16 or more in serum. Controls included dogs with presumed histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, other fungal infections, non-fungal diseases, and healthy dogs. Urine and serum specimens were tested using an enzyme immunoassay for Coccidioides spp. galactomannan antigen. Antibody testing was performed at commercial veterinary reference laboratories. Antigen was detected in urine or serum o... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642555 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642554&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22278325%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have constructed a replication incompetent adenovirus, Ad/opt-Tul4, encoding a codon-optimized gene for expression of the membrane protein, Tul4, of F. tularensis LVS. Its ability to protect against lethal challenge and its immunogenicity were evaluated in a murine model. An intramuscular injection of a single dose (1×10(7) PFU) of Ad/opt-Tul4 elicited a robust Tul4-specific antibody response. Assays suggest a Th1-driven response. A single dose elicited 20% protection against challenge with 100×LD50 F. tularensis LVS; two additional booster shots resulted in 60% protection. In comparison, three doses of 5μg recombinant Tul4 protein did not elicit significant protection against challenge. Therefore, the Ad/opt-Tul4 vaccine was more effective than the protein vaccine, an... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642554 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642553&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22278326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bissett SL, Wilkinson D, Tettmar KI, Jones N, Stanford E, Panicker G, Faust H, Borrow R, Soldan K, Unger ER, Dillner J, Minor P, Beddows S Abstract Suitably-controlled sero-surveillance surveys are essential for evaluating Human Papillomavirus (HPV) immunization programmes. A panel of plasma samples from 18 year old females was assembled, the majority being from bivalent vaccinees. Antibody specificities were evaluated by three independent laboratories and 3 pools were created that displayed either no antibodies to any HPV type tested, intermediate or high antibody levels to HPV16, HPV18, HPV31 and HPV45. These pools will be useful as control reagents for HPV serology. PMID: 22278326 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642553 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642552&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22278327%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaudier JF, Cabán-Hernández K, Osuna A, Espino AM Abstract A cDNA encoding a 16.5 kDa protein termed FhTP16.5 was identified by immunoscreening of a cDNA library from Fasciola hepatica adult flukes using pooled of sera from rabbits infected with F. hepatica for four weeks. qPCR analysis revealed that FhTP16.5 is not expressed in unembrionated eggs. It is poorly expressed in miracidia and highly expressed in juvenile and adult stages; however, significant differences were found between the expression levels of FhTP16.5 in juveniles versus adult flukes. Recombinant FhTP16.5 was highly expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by affinity chromatography and used to raise anti-FhTP16.5 polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Immunoblot analysis using the anti-FhTP16.5 IgG antibody i... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642552 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604091&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237889%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vestrheim DF, Steinbakk M, Aaberge IS, Caugant DA Abstract Serotype replacement in invasive pneumococcal disease has been observed after wide-spread use of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Replacement is dominated by penicillin non-susceptible serotype 19A in several countries. Antibiotic selection pressure has been proposed to interact with immunisation leading to a rapid replacement. In Norway, where prescription of antibiotics is limited, post-PCV7 replacement by serotype 19A is dominated by penicillin-susceptible clones. Hence, serotype 19A replacement occurs, although not driven by antibiotic selection pressure. PMID: 22237889 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604091 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604090&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chase BA, Johnston SA, Legutki JB Abstract To address the need for a universal system to assess health status, we previously described a method termed immunosignaturing which splays the entire humoral antibody repertoire across a peptide microarray. Two important issues relative to the potential broad use of immunosignatures are sample preparation and stability. In the present study we compared the immunosignatures developed from serum, plasma, saliva and antibodies eluted from blood dried onto filter paper. We found serum and plasma provide identical immunosignatures. Dried blood also correlated well with non-dried serum from the same individual. Immunosignatures derived from dried blood were capable of distinguishing naïve mice from those infected with influenza. Saliva... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604090 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604089&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237891%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waters WR, Thacker TC, Nonnecke BJ, Palmer MV, Schiller I, Oesch B, Vordermeier HM, Silva E, Estes DM Abstract Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has recently shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of humans. The aim of the current study was to compare IP-10 and IFN-γ responses upon Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle using archived samples from two aerosol inoculation studies. In the first study (10(4) cfu M. bovis by aerosol, n = 7), M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPDb)-specific IP-10 and IFN-γ gene expression were detected as early as 29d after challenge. PPDb-specific IP-10 and IFN-γ mRNA responses followed a similar pattern of expression over the course of this study and were highly correlated (r... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604089 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604088&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang FF, Tu ZQ, Fang YM, Li Y, Peng Y, Dong T, Wang C, Lin SX, Zhan NY, Ma ZM, Feng YZ, Tan SY, Lai XM Abstract To establish a high-efficiency INF-γ ELISPOT assay for detecting tuberculosis (TB), peptides (E6, E7 and C14) and peptide mixtures (E6+E7 and E6+E7+C14) were used to monitor peripheral blood (PBL) samples from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) and control samples. The positive detection rates of the five kinds of IFN-γ ELISPOT were 78.38%, 74.86%, 55.83%, 90.43% and 91.51%, respectively, and there were similar detection rates between two kinds of combined peptide mixture IFN-γ ELISPOT and TST (90.62% vs 95.59%). No significant difference was found between the detection rates of two kinds of combined peptide mixture IFN-γ ELISPOT and T-SPOT.TB in 86 patients wi... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604088 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604087&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237893%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the bacterial load, spatiotemporal kinetics of expression of inflammatory cytokine, chemokines, and TLR5 genes in the cecum, spleen, liver, and heterophils following oral immunization of chickens with the two Salmonella strains. The flhD mutant exhibited an enhanced ability to establish systemic infection compared to WT. In contrast, WT strain induced higher IL-1β, CXCLi2, and TLR5 mRNA in cecum, the spleen or the heterophils than the flhD mutant at different times post-infection. Collectively, the present revealed a fundamental role of flagellin in the innate immune responses induced by recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines in chickens that should be considered for the rational design of novel vaccines for poultry. PMID: 22237893 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604087 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604086&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gordon CL, Holmes NE, Grayson ML, Torresi J, Johnson PD, Cheng AC, Charles PG Abstract We compared immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses in patients with severe non-influenza community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to those with severe Pandemic 2009 influenza (H1N1) infection. Low IgG(1) and IgG(2) occurred often in the CAP group; however, H1N1 patients had lower IgG(1) and IgG(2) (5.4 vs. 3.3g/L, p=0.008; 2.5 vs. 1.2g/L, p<0.001, respectively). Low IgG(2) may be specifically linked to severe H1N1, however, it is not clear whether this association is related to H1N1 or to other features of severity. PMID: 22237894 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604086 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604085&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tkaczyk C, Hua L, Varkey R, Shi Y, Dettinger L, Woods R, Barnes A, Macgill RS, Wilson S, Chowdhury P, Stover CK, Sellman BR Abstract Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin (AT) is an important virulence determinant and may be a valid target for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal disease. Here we report the identification of potent inhibitory anti-AT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived using B-cell hybridoma technology from VelocImmune mice engineered to produce IgG with a human variable domain. A small panel of inhibitory mAbs blocked AT mediated lysis of rabbit red blood cells, A549 human lung epithelial cells and THP-1 human monocytic cells in a dose dependent manner. Binding studies indicated these mAbs recognize a similar epitope on AT and exhibited dissociation cons... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604085 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604084&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237896%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the MMRV multiplex assay is a good alternative for the conventional ELISAs and suitable for use in serosurveillance and vaccine studies. PMID: 22237896 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604084 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604083&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237897%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verma A, Matsunaga J, Artiushin S, Pinne M, Houwers DJ, Haake DA, Stevenson B, Timoney JF Abstract Screening of an expression library of Leptospira interrogans with eye fluids from uveitic horses resulted in identification of a novel protein, LruC. LruC is located in the inner leaflet of leptospiral outer membrane and an lruC gene was detected in all tested pathogenic L. interrogans. LruC-specific antibody levels were significantly higher in eye fluids and sera of uveitic horses than healthy horses. These findings suggest that LruC may play a role in equine leptospiral uveitis. PMID: 22237897 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604083 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5604082&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22237898%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to determine if the European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be transmitted via spiked semen to preimmunized sows and induce reproductive failure. Sows were immunized with the North American PRRSV-based modified live vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO, USA) and were artificially inseminated. The sows were randomly divided into three groups. The vaccinated (group 2) and non-vaccinated (group 3) sows developed a PRRSV viremia 7 to 28 days post insemination with the European PRRSV spiked semen. The number of genomic copies of the European PRRSV in serum samples was not significantly different between vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. All negative control sows in group 1 farrowe... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5604082 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5604082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578861&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22219311%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a multi-epitope peptide was designed and successfully expressed in E. coli, then IgG and IgM Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed and evaluated. Our results showed that the new multi-epitope antigen is one of the most promising recombinant antigens which could be used in routine screening of human toxoplasmosis. PMID: 22219311 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578861 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578860&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22219312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki Y, Suda T, Asada K, Miwa S, Suzuki M, Fujie M, Furuhashi K, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Shirai T, Hayakawa H, Nakamura H, Chida K Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major health problem and there are few biomarkers for predicting prognosis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a potent immunoregulartory molecule, catalyzes the rate-limiting step of tryptophan (Trp) degradation in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. An increase IDO activity determined by serum Trp:Kyn ratio has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in cancers and bactremia. In TB, however, there are no studies to measure serum IDO activity and to determine its clinical significance. We evaluated serum IDO activity with 174 pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and 85 controls, using liquid chromatography/e... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578860 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578859&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22219313%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has revealed the diagnostic limitations of antibody-based assays in an acute setting. However, the combination of ICTs with LAMP usually increased sensitivity with minimal reduction in specificity. The best combination, the Panbio IgM ICT and LAMP, resulted in a sensitivity of 67% (53-79) and a specificity of 91% (83-95). The combination of antibody-based assays with DNA or antigen-based tests shows promise for improved diagnostic sensitivity. PMID: 22219313 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578859 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578858&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22219314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tse M, Kim M, Chan CH, Ho PL, Ma SK, Guan Y, Peiris JS Abstract The reverse zoonotic transmission of the pandemic H1N1 2009 virus to swine necessitates enhanced surveillance of swine for influenza virus infection. Using a well characterized panel of naturally infected swine sera we evaluate and optimize the performance of three commercially available competitive ELISA assays, IDEXX® Influenza A Ab test, IDEXX® AI MultiS-Screen Ab Test and IDVet ID Screen® Influenza A Antibody Competition ELISA kit for detecting influenza type A reactive antibodies in swine. ROC analysis suggests that adjustment of the manufacturer recommended cut-off values would optimize sensitivity and specificity of these assays making them applicable for sero-epidemiology studies of swine influenza.... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578858 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578857&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22219315%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: We found that the present reduced dose vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adult and elderly subjects and triggers immune responses to comply with licensing criteria. PMID: 22219315 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578857 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561925&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goodman LB, Wimer C, Dubovi EJ, Gold C, Wagner B Abstract Equine herpesvirus type I (EHV-1) induces a variety of disease manifestations including respiratory disease, abortions and myeloencephalopathy. Several vaccines are commercially available but could not previously be distinguished by serologic testing from infection with EHV-1 (or the closely related EHV-4). Currently available vaccines are not reliably protective from the severe manifestations of the disease, including fatal myeloencephalopathy. We determined immunological parameters that can differentiate vaccinated from previously infected animals by comparing humoral and cellular EHV-1-specific responses in clinically healthy horses 10 months after vaccination. Forty-seven horses with known histories of vaccinati... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561925 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561924&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones RB, John VM, Hunter DV, Martin E, Mujib S, Mihajlovic V, Burgers PC, Luider TM, Gyenes G, Sheppard NC, Sengupta D, Tandon R, Yue FY, Benko E, Kovacs C, Nixon DF, Ostrowski MA Abstract T-cell responses to HERV-K(HML-2) Gag and Env were mapped in HIV-1-infected subjects using 15mer peptides. Small peptide pools, and high concentrations were used to maximize sensitivity. In the 27 subjects studied, only three bona-fide HERV-K(HML-2)-specific responses were detected. At these high peptide concentrations we detected false positive responses, three of which were mapped to an HIV-1-Gag peptide contaminant. Thus, HERV-K(HML-2) Gag and Env specific T-cell responses are infrequently detected by 15mer peptide mapping. PMID: 22205657 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sour... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561924 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561923&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205658%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we inserted overlapping sequences from the carboxy terminus of the Helicobacter pylori katA gene into HBsAg-S. The HBsAg-S-KatA fusion proteins were able to assemble into secretion-competent VLPs (VLP-KatA). The VLP-KatA proteins were able to induce KatA specific antibodies in immunised mice. The mean total IgG antibody titres 41 days post primary immunization with VLP-KatA (2.3 × 10(3)) were significantly greater (p <0.05) than observed for vaccination with VLP alone (5.2 × 10(2)). Measurement of IgG isotypes revealed responses to both 1gG1 and IgG2a (mean titres 9.0 × 10(4) and 2.6 × 10(4) respectively) with the IgG2a response to vaccination with VLP-KatA being significantly higher compared to mice immunised with KatA alone (p <0.05). Following challenge of mice w... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561923 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561922&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205659%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, the primary infection rate, and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in Japanese pregnant women.We measured anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers in 4466 pregnant women over a period of 7.5 years, and simultaneously conducted interviews to identify the risk factors of toxoplasmosis. The overall prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was 10.3%, and it was significantly higher in women aged above 35 years. The rate of primary toxoplasma infection during pregnancy was estimated to be 0.25%. A possibility of infection in the later stages of pregnancy was identified for those women who were not infected in the early stages. A history of raw meat intake was identified as a risk factor related to toxoplasmosis. Therefore, to low... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561922 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561921&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore CE, Hennig BJ, Perrett KP, Hoe JC, Lee SJ, Fletcher H, Brocklebank D, O'Connor D, Snape MD, Hall AJ, Segal S, Hill AV, Pollard AJ Abstract The rate of decay of antibody concentration following Serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccination varies between individuals. This partly depends on vaccination age but may be influenced by human genetics. We studied 721 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 131 candidate genes in a first cohort of 905 Caucasians (11-21 years, mean 4.9 years after vaccination) and 30 SNPs across 17 genes in a replication study using 155 children aged (six to twelve years, mean 6.7 years after vaccination) and 196 infants (one year, mean eight months after vaccination). Individuals were classified as respon... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561921 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561920&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205661%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we did not observe cross-reactivity with histoplasmosis, but some reactions to aspergillosis and bacterial infections were noted. Normal human sera were not reactive in our tests. These results indicate the need for the elimination of heterologous reactions so that we can adequately use this method for screening cases of PCM. PMID: 22205661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561920 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536734&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baz M, Samant M, Zekki H, Tribout-Jover P, Plante M, Lanteigne AM, Hamelin ME, Mallett C, Papadopoulou B, Boivin G Abstract Influenza A/H3N2 viruses have caused the most severe epidemics since 1968 despite current immunization programs with inactivated vaccines. We undertook a side-by-side pre-clinical evaluation of different adjuvants (Alum, AS03 and Protollin) and routes of administration (intramuscular (i.m.) and intranasal (i.n.)) for assessing their effect on the immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of inactivated split vaccines (A/H3N2/New York/55/2004). Humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses against the homologous virus and a heterologous drifted strain (A/H3N2/Wisconsin/67/2005) were measured in BALB/c mice at 2, 6, and 19 weeks post-boost. The AS03- and alum-... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536734 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536733&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trotter CL, Findlow H, Borrow R Abstract Serological surveillance has been used in the UK to inform vaccine policy for several infections, including group C meningococci. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines, containing capsular groups A, W135 and Y in addition to C are now available but their use in the UK is restricted to at risk groups and travellers to endemic areas. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline for natural immunity for groups W135 and Y. Serum samples collected in 2009 from individuals of all ages were obtained from the Health Protection Agency Seroepidemiology Unit, which collects residual sera from participating laboratories across the country. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) activity against two reference strains representing group Y (strain M03 2... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536733 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536732&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190394%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abad-Molina C, Garcia-Lozano JR, Montes-Cano MA, Torres-Cornejo A, Torrecillas F, Aguilar-Reina J, Romero-Gómez M, López-Cortés LF, Núñez-Roldan A, González-Escribano MF Abstract The HAVCR1 gene is highly polymorphic and several variants have been associated with susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases. The HAVCR1 region was identified as a candidate for hepatitis C virus (HCV) natural clearance in a genotyping study of selected immune response genes in both the European-American and African-American populations. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of HAVCR1 in the outcome of HCV infection in the Spanish population. Two cohorts consisting of 354 subjects (285 with persistent HCV mono-infection and 69 with natural clearance) and 182 co... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536732 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536731&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gal-Mor O, Suez J, Elhadad D, Porwollik S, Leshem E, Valinsky L, McClelland M, Schwartz E, Rahav G Abstract Enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the Salmonella enterica human adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Increasing incidence of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. Herein we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of a S. Paratyphi A strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in Nepal, affected at least 37 travelers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the outbreak isolates revealed one genetic clone (pulsotype), confirming a single infecting source... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536731 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536730&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190396%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the Elecsys assay, with automatic on-board dilution, is capable of quantifying serum HBsAg levels in HIV-HBV co-infected patients, with very high correlation compared to the Architect assay. PMID: 22190396 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536730 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536729&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190397%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the humoral and memory cellular immune responses in plague patients (n=65) recovered from Y. pestis infection during the past 16 years were investigated using protein microarray and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (Elispot). The seroprevealence to F1 antigen in all recovered patients is 78.5%. In patients infected more than a decade ago, the antibody positive rate still remains 69.5%. There is no difference in the antibody presence between gender, age and infected years, but it seems to be associated with the F1 antibody titers during infection (r=0.821, p<0.05). Except F1 antibody, the antibodies against LcrV and YopD were detected in most of the patients, suggesting they could be the potential diagnostic markers for detecting the infection of F1-negative strains. Regardi... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536729 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536728&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190398%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bellanti JA, Lin FY, Chu C, Shiloach J, Leppla SH, Benavides GA, Karpas A, Moayeri M, Guo C, Robbins JB, Schneerson R Abstract A Phase 1 study of a recombinant mutant Protective Antigen (rPA) vaccine was conducted in 186 healthy adults aged 18 to 45 years. Volunteers were randomized to receive one of three formulations of rPA (formalin-treated, alum-adsorbed or both) in 10 or 20 μg dosages each, or the licensed vaccine, AVA. Three injections were given at 2 months intervals and a 4(th) one year after the third. Vaccinees were examined once at 48-72 hours following each injection at the clinic. Adverse reactions were recorded in diaries for 7 days. Sera were collected before each injection, one week post-1(st), 2 weeks post-3(rd) and -4(th) and one year post the 4(th). Ser... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536728 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536727&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190399%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, the immune responses elicited by the COBRA HA virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine were compared to responses elicited by a mixture of VLPs expressing representative HA molecules from clade 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 primary H5N1 isolates (polyvalent). COBRA HA VLP elicited higher titer antibodies to a panel of H5N1 HA proteins. Both COBRA and polyvalent vaccines protected vaccinated mice and ferrets from experimental infection with highly lethal H5N1 influenza viruses, but COBRA vaccinated animals had decreased viral replication, less inflammation in the lungs of mice, and reduced virus recovery in ferret nasal washes. Both vaccines had similar cellular responses post-challenge indicating that higher titer serum antibody likely restricts the duration of viral replication. Furthermore,... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536727 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536726&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190400%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hirota J, Shimoji Y, Shimizu S Abstract Anti-West Nile virus (WNV) monoclonal antibody, SHW-7A11 was newly developed for competitive ELISA (c-ELISA). SHW-7A11 reacted with non-structural protein 1 in western blot analysis. SHW-7A11 was relatively specific for the WNV strain NY99 and recognized Kunjin and Eg101 strains in indirect ELISA. Two c-ELISAs were developed for 10 and 100 times diluted sera and named c-ELISA10 and c-ELISA100, respectively. Both c-ELISAs detected antibodies against WNV NY99 and Kunjin strains. Little cross-reactivity was observed for antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus in these assays. Using the cut-off point for the St. Louis encephalitis virus, all WNV-infected chickens were found to be positive at day 21... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536726 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5536725&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190401%26dopt%3DAbstract SERUM HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION ACTIVITY CORRELATES WITH PROTECTION FROM GASTROENTERITIS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH NORWALK VIRUS. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Dec 21; Authors: Czakó R, Atmar RL, Opekun AR, Gilger MA, Graham DY, Estes MK Abstract A hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) was developed to assess serum antibody responses following Norwalk virus (NV) infection. HAI activity increased significantly in individuals experimentally infected with NV (n=18) and correlated with antibody levels measured in a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking assay. Pre-challenge HAI antibody levels also correlated with protection from the development of gastroenteritis (Mann-Whitney, p=0.02). HAI is another assay suitable for the detection of antibody that correlates with protec... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5536725 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5536725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514625&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dobaño C, Quelhas D, Quintó L, Puyol L, Serra-Casas E, Mayor A, Nhampossa T, Macete E, Aide P, Mandomando I, Sanz S, Puniya SK, Singh B, Gupta P, Bhattacharya A, Chauhan VS, Aponte JJ, Chitnis CE, Alonso PL, Menéndez C Abstract Plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigens such as the merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1, the apical membrane antigen (AMA)-1, and the 175 kDa erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA-175) are considered important targets of naturally acquired immunity to malaria. However, it is not clear whether antibodies to these antigens are effectors in protection against clinical disease or mere markers of exposure. In the context of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intermittent preventive treatment in infants conducted between 2002 and 2004, antibody resp... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514625 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514624&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169089%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rice-Ficht AC, Fan Y, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Ficht TA Abstract The global distribution of brucellosis and high incidence in certain areas of the world warrants the development of a safer and efficacious vaccine. For the past ten years, we have focused our attention on the development of a safer, but still highly protective, live-attenuated vaccine for human and animal use. We have demonstrated the safety and protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates 16MΔvjbR and S19ΔvjbR against homologous and heterologous challenge in multiple immunocompetent animal models including mice and deer. In the present study, we conducted a series of experiments to determine the safety of the vaccine candidates in the Interferon regulatory factor (IRF(-/-)) knockout mice. IRF-... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514624 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514623&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169090%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions:Ab responses to AM could contribute to the serodiagnosis of TB, especially in HIV- TB patients. This study also provides new and important insights into the differences in Ab profiles to mycobacterial antigens between HIV- and HIV+ TB patients. PMID: 22169090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514623 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514630&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155765%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a framework from which a more robust assay could be developed to profile the immune response to multiple PRRSV antigens in a single test. The development of oral fluid-based diagnostic tests will change the way we survey for diseases in swine herds and improve our ability to cheaply and efficiently track PRRSV infections in both population and individual animals. PMID: 22155765 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514630 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514629&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas MC, Fernández-Villegas A, Carrilero B, Marañón C, Saura D, Noya O, Segovia M, Alarcón de Noya B, Alonso C, López MC Abstract Nowadays, the available techniques for chronic Chagas disease diagnosis are very sensitive; however, they do not allow discriminating the patients' clinical stages of the disease. The present paper describes that three out of the five different repeats contained in the T. cruzi TcCA-2 membrane protein (3972-FGQAAAGDKPPP, 6303-FGQAAAGDKPAP and 3973-FGQAAAGDKPSL) are recognized with high sensitivity (>90%) by sera from chronic Chagas disease patients and that they are not recognized by sera from patients in the acute phase of the disease. A total of 133 sera from Chagasic patients and 50 sera from healthy donors were tested. In addition,... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514629 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514628&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nielsen LN, Luijkx TA, Vegge CS, Johnsen CK, Nuijten P, Wren BW, Ingmer H, Krogfelt KA Abstract With the aim of identifying proteins important for host interaction and virulence, we have screened an expression library of NCTC 11168 C. jejuni genes for highly immunogenic proteins. A commercial C. jejuni ORF library consisting of more than 1600 genes was transformed into the E. coli expression strain BL21 (DE3) resulting in 2304 clones. This library was subsequently screened for immunogenic proteins using antibodies raised in rabbit against a clinical isolate of C. jejuni; this resulted in 52 highly reactive clones representing 25 different genes after sequencing. Selected candidate genes were inactivated in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and the virulence was examined using INT 407 e... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514628 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514627&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155768%26dopt%3DAbstract We report the overall immunogenicity results from a trial of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in males.Overall, 3,463 heterosexual men and 602 men who had sex with men were enrolled into a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study. Serum samples were collected prior to vaccination at day 1, and at months 7, 24 and 36 post-vaccination. Immunogenicity was evaluated with a multiplex, competitive Luminex Immunoassay.Almost all subjects (97.4-99.2%) seroconverted for vaccine HPV types by month 7. At month 36, 88.9%, 94.0%, 97.9% and 57.0% of subjects were still seropositive for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18, respectively. For all vaccine HPV types, Black subjects had significantly higher antibody titers at month 7 compared with both Caucasian and Asian subjects.... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514627 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5514626&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yum JS, Ahn BC, Jo HJ, Kim DY, Kim KH, Kim HS, Sung YC, Yoon J, Morrey J, Moon HM Abstract An HBV vaccine has been developed using a new adjuvant and HBV surface antigens produced from a CHO cell line. Purified HBV surface antigens are composed of L-protein, M-protein and S-protein in the mixture of 20 nm and 40 nm diameter particles and filamentous forms. This HBV surface antigen formulated with L-pampo, a proprietary adjuvant, induced 10 times more antibody than the same antigen with alum, and it was capable of inducing strong immune responses in three different HBV transgenic mice. In spite of the presence of large amount of HBV antigen in the blood, normally these transgenic mice had no detectable amount of antibody against HBV surface antigen. After the immunization, ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5514626 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5514626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475875&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22131355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Z, Yu Q, Gao J, Yang Q Abstract To develop a safe, effective and convenient vaccine for the prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), we have successfully constructed two recombinant lactobacilli (LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH) that express the foreign HPAI protein, hemagglutinin 1 (HA(1)). The mucosal and systemic immune responses that are triggered by these two recombinant lactobacilli following the oral administration to BALB/c mice were evaluated. The results showed that both LA4356-pH and DLD17-pH could significantly increase the specific anti-HA(1) IgA antibody level in the mucosa and the anti-HA(1) IgG level in sera as well as stimulate the splenic lymphocyte proliferative reaction through the increased expression of IL-4. Compared with LA4356-pH, DLD17-... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475875 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475874&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22131356%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions:Cut-offs of >94 IU/mL for IgG-anti-PT and >20 IU/mL for IgA-anti-PT correlated well with recent pertussis infection, and were consistent with recent recommendations from the EU Pertstrain group. IgG-anti-PT was superior to IgA-anti-PT as the test of choice for the diagnosis of pertussis from a single sample. PMID: 22131356 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475874 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457532&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116684%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we designed, expressed and evaluated the immunogenicity of a novel artificial DBPII allele, termed DEKnull, having non-polar amino acids in the naturally occurring polymorphic charged residues of the DEK epitope. The DEKnull antigen retained erythrocyte-binding activity and elicited antibodies to shared epitopes of Sal1 DBPII from which it was derived. Our results confirmed that removal of the dominant variant epitope in the DEKnull vaccine lowered immunogenicity of DBPII, but inhibitory anti-DBPII antibodies were elicited against shared neutralizing epitopes on Sal1. Focusing immune responses towards more conserved DBP epitopes may avoid development of a strain specific immunity and enhance functional inhibition against broader range of DBPII variants. PMID: 22116684 [Pu... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457532 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457531&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prince HE, Yeh C, Lapé-Nixon M Abstract Dengue virus (DV) primary infection and probable secondary infection rates in relation to patient age (years) were determined for DV IgM+ US mainland residents (presumed travelers to endemic areas) and Caribbean Island residents (endemic area) by evaluating IgG status and IgG avidity. Regardless of place of residence, most patients ≤20 exhibited primary infection and most patients >60 exhibited probable secondary infection. Among patients 21-60, the primary infection rate was markedly higher in US residents. PMID: 22116685 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457531 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457530&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116686%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents an evaluation of the MIC1-MAG1 Toxoplasma gondii recombinant chimeric antigen for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis for the first time. The recombinant MIC1-MAG1 antigen was obtained as a fusion protein containing His-tag at N- and C-terminal using an Escherichia coli expression system. After purification by metal affinity chromatography, the chimeric protein was tested for usefulness in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G. One hundred and ten sera from patients at different stages of infection and forty sera from seronegative patients were examined. The results obtained for the MIC1-MAG1 chimeric antigen were compared with those of IgG ELISAs using a Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA), a combination of r... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457530 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457529&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116687%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Quantification eliminated the need for concurrent testing of current and prior specimens for assessment of changes in antigen concentration. Pretreatment increased the sensitivity for detection of antigenemia. Differentiation of histoplasmosis and blastomycosis is not possible by antigen detection. PMID: 22116687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457529 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457528&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116688%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kapasi A, Meade BD, Plikaytis B, Pawloski L, Martin MD, Yoder S, Rock MT, Coddens S, Haezebroeck V, Fievet-Groyne F, Bixler G, Jones C, Hildreth S, Edwards KM, Messonnier NE, Tondella ML Abstract In an effort to improve the reliability and reproducibility of serological assays for Bordetella pertussis, a collaborative study was conducted to compare four different sources of pertussis toxin (PT) as coating antigens in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-PT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four sources of PT were used as coating antigens in the IgG anti-PT ELISA in four different testing laboratories (Labs A-D) to determine if the different antigen preparations and different laboratories influenced assay results. A panel of 60 sera consisting of de-identified human spe... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457528 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457527&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu L, Wen K, Li J, Hu D, Huang Y, Qiu L, Cai J, Che X Abstract The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is used widely to measure the neutralization activity of anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibodies, but it is time-consuming, labor-intensive and has low sample throughput. For fast and convenient measurement of neutralizing antibodies, especially in evaluating the efficiency of the DENV vaccines on a large scale, a new method is needed to replace PRNT. In recent decades, several microneutralization assays have been developed to overcome the limitations of PRNT. In the present study, we evaluated one of these, enzyme-linked immunospot microneutralization test (ELISPOT-MNT), in comparison with PRNT. ELISPOT-MNT is performed in 96-well format, the plaques are developed a... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457527 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423199&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089244%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an unusual, protracted and severe Omenn syndrome-like (OS) autoaggression following autologous HCT. We identified a profound FOXP3(+) T(Reg) cell defect that coincided with hyperinflammatory T cell responses which were reversible with rapamycin in vitro. PMID: 22089244 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423199 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5423199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423198&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peachman KK, Li Q, Matyas GR, Shivachandra SB, Lovchik J, Lyons RC, Alving CR, Rao VB, Rao M Abstract In an effort to develop an improved anthrax vaccine that shows high potency, five different anthrax protective antigen (PA)-adjuvant vaccine formulations that were previously found to be efficacious in a nonhuman primate model were evaluated for their efficacy in a rabbit pulmonary challenge model using Bacillus anthracis Ames strain spores. The vaccine formulations include: PA adsorbed to Alhydrogel®, PA encapsulated in liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A, stable liposomal PA oil-in-water emulsion, and PA displayed on bacteriophage T4 by the intramuscular route and PA mixed with E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin administered by the needle-free transcutaneous route.... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423198 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5423198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423197&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089246%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi JH, Dekker J, Schafer SC, John J, Whitfil CE, Petty CS, Haddad EE, Croyle MA Abstract The immune response elicited by recombinant adenoviruses is the most significant impediment to their clinical use for immunization. We test the hypothesis that specific virus-antibody combinations dictate the type of immune response generated against the adenovirus and its transgene cassette under certain physiological conditions while minimizing vector-induced toxicity. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to characterize the transduction efficiency, T and B cell responses to the encoded transgene and toxicity of 1 × 10(11) adenovirus particles mixed with different concentrations of neutralizing antibodies. Complexes formed at concentrations of 500-0.05 N.D.(50) elicited strong vi... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423197 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5423197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423196&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Magalhães A, Ferreira KS, Almeida SR, Nosanchuk JD, Travassos LR, Taborda CP Abstract Vaccination with the peptide-10 (P10), derived from the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis glycoprotein-43 (gp43), induces a Th1 response that protects mice in an intratracheal P. brasiliensis infection model. Combining P10 with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or other adjuvants further increases the peptide's antifungal effect. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are up to 1000-fold more efficient at activating T cells than CFA, we examined the impact of P10-primed bone-marrow derived DC vaccination in mice. Splenocytes from mice immunized with P10 were stimulated in vitro with P10, or P10-primed DCs. T cell proliferation was significantly increased in the presence of P10 primed DCs compared to the... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423196 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5423196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5423195&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22089248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Matsuura M, Kojima A, Ishikawa T, Akagi T, Akashi M, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K, Mori Y Abstract To maintain immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine should be administered several times. The repeated vaccination is not helpful in the case of a sudden outbreak of JEV or when urgent travel to a high-JEV-risk region is required; however, there are few single injection JE vaccine options. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of a new effective JE virus-like particle preparation containing the JE envelope (E) protein (JE-VLP). Although single administration with JE-VLP protected less than 50% of mice against lethal JEV infection, adding poly(γ-glutamic acid) na... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5423195 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5423195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381874&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mealey RH, Kappmeyer LS, Ueti MW, Wagner B, Knowles DP Abstract Theileria equi immune plasma was infused into young horses (foals) with severe combined immunodeficiency. Although all foals became infected following intravenous challenge with homologous T. equi merozoite stabilate, delayed time-to-peak parasitemia occurred. Protective effects were associated with a predominance of passively transferred merozoite-specific IgG3. PMID: 22038847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381874 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381873&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038848%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions. Compared with controls, persons with previously treated extrapulmonary tuberculosis had the highest Treg frequency, but also highest levels of CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation. Immune dysregulation may be a feature of individuals at risk for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. PMID: 22038848 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381873 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381872&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038849%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: MenC rSBA titres wane rapidly following vaccination in early childhood, and continue to decline into the second decade of life. Since nasopharyngeal colonisation in adolescents probably provides the major reservoir for MenC in the population, declining immunity in this cohort is of concern. Sustaining high levels of antibody through booster vaccination in this cohort is likely necessary to avoid a resurgence of disease in the decade ahead. PMID: 22038849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381872 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381871&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22038850%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we characterized the dynamic antibody responses of 10 purified recombinant antigens, PPD, and OT in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and analyzed the time to antibody detection, antibody levels and their association with the infectious doses. The antibodies were detected as early as 4 weeks after infection in response to 5 antigens (CFP10, CFP10-ESAT-6, U1, MPT64, and Ag85b). Antibodies against most of the other antigens were detected between 4 and 12 weeks after infection. The levels of antibodies were dose dependant. We further evaluated the serodiagnostic potential of these antigens by using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 71 TST-positive and 90 TST-negative serum samples of monkeys. For all the 12 antigens, the... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381871 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361883&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hossain MJ, Bourgeois M, Quan FS, Lipatov AS, Song JM, Chen LM, Compans RW, York I, Kang SM, Donis RO Abstract Immunization of the world population before an influenza pandemic such as the 2009 H1N1 spreads globally is not possible with current vaccine production platforms. New influenza vaccine technologies, such as virus-like-particles (VLP), offer a promising alternative. Here, we tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a VLP vaccine containing HA and M1 from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (H1N1pdm) in ferrets and compared IM and IN routes of immunization. Vaccination of ferrets with VLPs containing the M1 and HA proteins from A/California/04/2009 (H1N1pdm) induced high antibody titers and conferred significant protection against virus challenge. VL... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361883 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361882&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prince HE, Matud JL Abstract Dengue virus IgM persistence was estimated using follow-up sera from 98 patients (60 primary, 38 secondary infections) whose first specimen IgM index was strongly positive, suggesting recent disease onset. Regression analysis of follow-up IgM index versus days between samples yielded a trendline that reached the cut-point index (1.10) at 179 days for the primary group versus 139 days for the secondary group. This difference reflected significantly higher first-sample IgM indices in primary versus secondary infection, rather than differences in IgM decay rates. PMID: 22030368 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361882 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361881&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Félix SR, Hartwig DD, Argondizzo AP, Silva EF, Seixas FK, Seixas Neto AC, Medeiros MA, Lilenbaum W, Dellagostin OA Abstract Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. Current vaccines are based on whole-cell preparations that do not induce satisfactory immunity and cause severe side effects. In light of the recently available leptospiral genome sequences, several studies have sought to identify protective recombinant immunogens, however, few have been successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate 27 recombinant antigens to determine their potential to induce a protective immune response against leptospirosis in the hamster model. Experiments were conducted with groups of female hamsters immunized with individual antigen preparations. Hamsters were the... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361881 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361880&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stabel JR, Waters WR, Bannantine JP, Lyashchenko K Abstract A major drawback of current whole-cell vaccines for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the interference with diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. The current study was designed to explore effects of immunization with a heat-killed whole cell vaccine (Mycopar) on diagnostic test performance and to characterize host immune responses to vaccination over a 12-month period. Neonatal dairy calves were assigned to treatments consisting of: 1) control - no vaccine (n = 5); and 2) vaccinate - Mycopar vaccine (n = 5). Results from this study demonstrated a rapid initiation of MAP-specific IFN-γ in vaccinated calves by 7 days, with robust responses throughout the study. Vaccinated... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361880 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361879&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crocquet-Valdes PA, Thirumalapura NR, Ismail N, Yu X, Saito TB, Stevenson HL, Pietzsch CA, Thomas S, Walker DH Abstract The obligately intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis that resides in mononuclear phagocytes is the etiologic agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME). HME is an emerging, and often life-threatening, tick-transmitted infectious disease in the United States. Effective primary immune responses against Ehrlichia infection involve generation of Ehrlichia-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, activation of macrophages by IFN-γ and production of Ehrlichia-specific antibodies of Th1 isotype. Currently, there are no vaccines available against HME. We evaluated the ability of 28-kDa outer membrane proteins (P28-OMP-1) o... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361879 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361878&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22030372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim JM, Kim JA, Park JA, Yi MH, Park SM, Jang YS, Yang MS, Kim DH Abstract Coexpression strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using episomal and integrative vectors for the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. The antigen-specific antibody titer of orally administered mice was increased when using recombinant yeast coexpre... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361878 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5361878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346171&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wex T, Venerito M, Kreutzer J, Götze T, Kandulski A, Malfertheiner P Abstract Epidemiological studies from different countries have shown a steady decline of the prevalence of H. pylori infection. In order to investigate the current sero-prevalence of H. pylori infection in the area of Magdeburg, a city of the former East Germany, H. pylori antibodies of patients presenting in our emergency wards were analyzed. In total, 2318 patients (1181 males, 1137 females) enrolled between 09/2009 and 08/2010 were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) against H. pylori and anti-CagA antibodies by specific EIA. Patients with either anti-H. pylori IgG or anti-CagA antibodies were classified as "H. pylori-positive", whereas the lack of both antibodies led to the assignment of a "H. pylori-n... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346171 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346170&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lyashchenko KP, Greenwald R, Esfandiari J, Rhodes S, Dean G, de la Rua-Domenech R, Meylan M, Vordermeier MH, Zanolari P Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) in South American camelids (SAC) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium microti. Two serological methods, rapid test (RT) and dual path platform (DPP) assay, were evaluated on naturally infected SAC. The study population included 156 alpacas and 175 llamas from Great Britain, Switzerland, and the United States. TB due to M. bovis (n=44) or M. microti (n=8) was diagnosed by gross pathology examination and culture in 35 alpacas and 17 llamas. Control animals were from herds with no TB history. In alpacas, RT and DPP showed sensitivity of 71% and 74%, respectively, while in llamas it was 77% for both assays. Specificity ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346170 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346169&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas JD, Jackson ML, Sharma D, Mair R, Bach MC, Castillo D, Ejigiri OG, Satola S, Cohn AC, Jerris R, Jain S, Farley MM, Mayer LW, Messonnier NE Abstract Short-term deferral of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine booster dose during a recent U.S. Hib vaccine shortage did not result in widespread Hib carriage in Atlanta, as the Hib carriage rate was found to be 0.3% (1/342). Hi colonization was significantly more common among males and daycare attendees. PMID: 22012977 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346169 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346168&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ghiasi SM, Salmanian AH, Chinikar S, Zakeri S Abstract While Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has a high mortality rate in humans, the associated virus (CCHFV) does not induce clinical symptoms in animals but animals play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Our aim in this study was to examine the immunogenicity of the CCHFV glycoprotein when expressed in the root and leaf of transgenic plants via hairy roots and stable transformation of tobacco plants, respectively. After confirmatory analyses on transgenic plant lines and on quantification of the expressed glycoprotein, Mice were either fed with the transgenic leaves or roots, fed the transgenic plant material and injected subcutaneously with the plant-made CCHFV glycoprotein (fed/end-boost), vacci... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346168 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5346167&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22012979%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue antigen and antibody-based test results in the RDT assay format for the acute diagnosis of dengue. PMID: 22012979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5346167 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5346167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313547&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994351%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schuerman L, Wysocki J, Tejedor JC, Knuf M, Kim KH, Poolman J Abstract We compared the ability of two serological read-outs, anti-polysaccharide IgG antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titres, to predict the clinical effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We also assessed the accuracy of the previously established thresholds for GlaxoSmithKline's 22F-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (≥0.2 μg/mL) and OPA assay (titre ≥8) in predicting effectiveness. We showed that following a 3-dose 7vCRM primary vaccination, the serological response rates as determined using thresholds of ≥0.2 μg/mL IgG and an OPA titre ≥8 corresponded well with overall effectiveness against IPD. I... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313547 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313546&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994352%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ben-Selma W, Harizi H, Boukadida J Abstract For rapid diagnosis and discrimination between active tuberculosis (TB) and other pulmonary diseases, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of detection of serum immunoglobulin IgG and IgM antibodies raised against mycobacterial 38-kDa, 16-kDa and 6-kDa antigens by commercial rapid immunochromatographic IgG/IgM test (STANDARD DIAGNOSTICS, Korea) in 246 sera samples from three groups of patients: group (i) 171 patients with active TB [128 pulmonary TB (pTB) and 43 extrapulmonary TB (epTB)], group (ii) 73 patients with pulmonary non-TB diseases and group (iii) two leprosies patients. The sensitivities of IgG and IgM in active TB (pTB and epTB) were 68.4% and 2.3%, respectively. IgG had the best performance characteristics with sensi... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313546 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313545&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Del Bono V, Delfino E, Furfaro E, Mikulska M, Nicco E, Bruzzi P, Mularoni A, Bassetti M, Viscoli C Abstract Microbiological diagnosis of nosocomial candidemia is negatively affected by suboptimal culture yield. Alternative methods are not fully reliable as an aid in candidemia diagnosis. Recently, the detection of (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BG) has been shown to be very promising in this setting. We carried out a prospective study on the clinical usefulness of BG detection in early diagnosis of candidemia. BG detection was performed in patients with fever unresponsive to antibacterial agents and risk factors for candidemia. BG detection was done by means of Fungitell. 152 patients were included in the study. 53 were proven candidemia, while in 52 patients candidemia was excluded o... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313545 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313544&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harro C, Sack D, Bourgeois AL, Walker R, Denearing B, Feller A, Chakraborty S, Buchwaldt C, Darsley MJ Abstract Immune responses against colonization factors (CFs) and the non-toxic B-component of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile toxin (LTB) are considered to be important for immunity against diarrhea caused by ETEC. Individual live attenuated ETEC-derivatives that have had their toxin genes removed and are deleted for the aroC, ompC and ompF genes have shown promise as vaccines against ETEC. The development of such strains has culminated in the testing of a three strain combination live attenuated vaccine known as ACE527 comprised of strains: ACAM2025 expressing CFA/I & LTB; ACAM2022 expressing CS5, CS6 & LTB; ACAM2027 expressing CS1, CS2, C... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313544 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313543&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994355%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Turner AK, Stephens JC, Beavis JC, Greenwood J, Gewert C, Randall R, Freeman D, Darsley MJ Abstract Live attenuated oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccines have been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in human volunteers and to provide a viable approach to provide protection against this important pathogen. This manuscript describes the construction of new ETEC vaccine candidate strains from recent clinical isolates and their characterization. All known genes for ETEC toxins were removed, and attenuating deletion mutations made in the aroC, ompC and ompF chromosomal genes. An isolate expressing CS2, CS3, LT, ST and EASTI was attenuated to generate ACAM2007. The subsequent insertion of the operon encoding CS1 created ACAM2017 and this was further modified... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313543 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313542&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994356%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, IGRAs appear to correlate better with TB risk than TST and should be included for TB screening in patients starting anti-TNFs. In view of the high risk of TB in these patients, a combination of one IGRA and TST is probably more appropriate for LTBI diagnosis. PMID: 21994356 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313542 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313541&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994357%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show that PKR plays a critical role in immunoglobulin G (IgG) expression both in vivo and in vitro. PKR(-/-) mice show significantly altered serum IgG levels during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. IgG2a expression is particularly sensitive to lack of PKR and is below detection level in mock or RSV-infected PKR(-/-) mice. Interestingly, we show that upon activation by anti CD40 and IFN-γ, B cells from PKR (-/-) mice show a diminished MHC II, CD80 and CD86 cell surface as compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. Our data also show that PKR is necessary for optimal expression of adhesion molecules such CD11a and ICAM-1 that are necessary for homotypic aggregation of B cells. Furthermore, in this report we demonstrate for the first time that upon CD40 ligation PKR i... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313541 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298801&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khan IH, Ravindran R, Krishnan VV, Awan IN, Rizvi SK, Saqib MA, Shahzad MI, Tahseen S, Ireton G, Goulding CW, Felgner P, Deriemer K, Khanum A, Luciw PA Abstract Two billion people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), worldwide. Ten to twenty million of the infected individuals develop disease per year. TB is a treatable disease provided it is diagnosed timely. The current TB diagnostic methods are subjective, inefficient or not cost-effective. Antibody based blood tests can be used efficiently and cost-effectively for TB diagnosis. A major challenge is that different TB patients generate antibodies against different antigens. Therefore, a multiplex immunoassay approach is needed. We have developed a multiplex pan... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298801 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298800&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsen SC, Johnson C Abstract A comparative study was conducted using data from naive bison (n=45) and cattle (n=46) from 8 and 6 studies, respectively, in which a standardized Brucella abortus strain 2308 experimental challenge was administered during midgestation. The incidence of abortion, fetal infection, uterine or mammary infection, or infection in maternal tissues after experimental challenge was greater (P<0.05) in bison as compared to cattle. In animals that did abort, the time between experimental challenge and abortion was shorter (P<0.05) for bison when compared to cattle. Brucella colonization of four target tissues, and serologic responses on the standard tube agglutination test at the time of abortion, did not differ (P>0.05) between cattle and bison... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298800 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298799&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976223%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a pronounced attenuated influx of macrophages in OVA-challenged CCR8 knockout mice. To explore if macrophages in human inflamed lung tissue also were CCR8 positive, human COPD lung tissue was evaluated. Indeed, CCR8 expression was pronounced in invading monocytes/macrophages in GOLD stage IV human COPD lungs. Given this expression pattern, the functional role of CCR8 on human macrophages was evaluated in vitro. Human peripheral blood monocytes expressed low levels of CCR8 while M-CSF derived human macrophages expressed significantly elevated surface levels of CCR8. Importantly, CCL1 directly regulated the expression of CD18 and CD49b and hence influenced the adhesion capacity of human macrophages. CCL1 drives chemotaxis in M-CSF derived macr... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298799 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298798&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976224%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Newsome CT, Flores E, Ayala A, Gregory S, Reichner JS Abstract Clinical trials with biological modifiers targeting specific inflammatory mediators associated with severe sepsis have shown no, or limited, survival benefit. The approach taken in studies reported here was to limit the point source of intraabdominal infection by potentiating innate immune function, thereby lessening the severity of sepsis and improving survival. Soluble beta-glucans, glucose polymers of the fungal cell wall, have been shown to stimulate innate immune host defense in animal and human studies when administered prior to an infectious challenge. We evaluated the effects of PGG-glucan on overall survival when administered intraperitoneally after the onset of polymicrobial infection by cecal ligatio... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298798 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298797&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976225%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thibodeaux BA, Liss NM, Panella AN, Roehrig JT Abstract Diagnosis of human alphaviral infections relies on serological techniques such as the immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). We have humanized the broadly alphavirus cross-reactive murine monoclonal antibody 1A4B-6 to create a reagent capable of replacing human positive sera in the MAC-ELISA for diagnosis of human alphaviral infections. PMID: 21976225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298797 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298796&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976226%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusions, under the conditions of these experiments, vaccination of mice and cattle with rOmpA and rSSA-1 stimulated high antibody responses and may have vaccine potential. PMID: 21976226 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298796 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5298795&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21976227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riddle V, Leese P, Blanset D, Adamcio M, Meldorf M, Lowy I Abstract Valortim® (MDX-1303) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (hmAb) with a high affinity for Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). Valortim binds to PA and interferes with the activity of the anthrax toxin; it was selected based on its superior functional activity in the toxin neutralization activity assay (TNA). Valortim has demonstrated efficacy in the post-exposure and therapeutic settings in New Zealand White rabbits, cynomolgus monkeys, and African green monkeys. This Phase I study sought to characterize the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) of Valortim in healthy human subjects. Cohorts of 3 to 10 subjects were administered Valortim as either a ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5298795 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5298795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282260&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chirkova TV, Naykhin AN, Petukhova GD, Korenkov DA, Donina SA, Mironov AN, Rudenko LG Abstract Cellular immune responses of both CD4 and CD8 memory/effector T cells were evaluated in healthy young adults who received two doses of live attenuated influenza A (H5N2) vaccine. The vaccine was developed by reassortment of nonpathogenic avian A/Duck/Potsdam/1402-6/68 (H5N2) and cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) viruses. T-cell responses were measured by standard methods of intracellular cytokine staining of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells and a novel T-cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells by protein capture (TRAP) assay based on the trogocytosis phenomenon, namely, plasma membrane exchange between interacting immune cells. TRAP enables the detection of ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282260 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282259&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813659%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Urán ME, Nosanchuk JD, Restrepo A, Hamilton AJ, Gómez BL, Cano LE Abstract Several cell wall constituents, including melanins or melanin-like compounds, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of microbial diseases caused by diverse species of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and helminthes. Among these microorganisms, the dimorphic fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis produces melanin in its conidial and yeast forms. In the present study, melanin particles from P. brasiliensis were injected into BALB/c mice in order to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We identified five immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) κ-chain and four IgM melanin-binding MAbs. The five IgG1 κ-chain isotypes are the first melanin-binding IgG MAbs ever reported. The nine MAbs labele... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282259 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282258&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldblatt D, Ashton L, Zhang Y, Antonello J, Marchese RD Abstract The measurement of serotype-specific anti-capsular polysaccharide antibodies remains the mainstay of pneumococcal (Pn) vaccine evaluation. New methods that allow the simultaneous measurement of antibodies to several antigens in small volumes of serum, and that agree well with existing techniques, are urgently required to support the increasing number of concomitant vaccines delivered in the infant immunization schedules and the use of extended-valency Pn vaccines. We therefore compared a relatively new multiplexed platform for measuring anti-Pn antibodies with the existing WHO consensus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A panel of 50 pediatric samples (34 collected after receipt of a heptavalent pne... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282258 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282257&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramya R, Mohana Subramanian B, Sivakumar V, Senthilkumar RL, Sambasiva Rao KR, Srinivasan VA Abstract Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of serious public health and economic significance worldwide. The rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) has been the major target for subunit vaccine development, since it harbors domains responsible for induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies, infectivity, and neurovirulence. The glycoprotein (G) was cloned using the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells. In order to obtain a soluble form of G suitable for experimentation in mice, 18 different combinations of buffers and detergents were evaluated for their ability to solubilize the insect cell membrane-associated G. The combination t... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282257 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282256&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Borkowsky W, McFarland EJ, Yogev R, Li Y, Harding P Abstract Repeated controlled exposure to autologous virus was previously shown to result in increased CD8 T lymphocyte response to HIV antigens and accompanying reduction in viremia. We attempted to see if this immunity contributed to virologic control by correlating the immune response with quasispecies envelope diversification, an indicator of immune selection. The greatest diversification was seen in those with the greatest reduction in viremia but was unrelated to the frequency of Env-specific gamma interferon-producing cells. There was a trend toward correlation between the response to multiple HIV antigens and diversification. PMID: 21813662 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282256 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282255&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813663%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that Th17/Treg imbalance exists in TPE and that pleural CD39(+) Tregs inhibit generation and differentiation of Th17 cells via a latency-associated peptide-dependent mechanism. PMID: 21813663 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282255 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282254&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813664%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we prepared and compared three types of monomeric TeNT-Hc with different conformational components: free sulfhydryls (50 kDa), bound sulfhydryls (44 kDa), and a mixture of the two conformational proteins (half 50 kDa and half 44 kDa). TeNT-Hc with bound sulfhydryls reduced its binding activity to ganglioside G(T1b) and neuronal PC-12 cells compared to what was seen for TeNT-Hc with free sulfhydryls. However, there was no significant difference among their immunogenicities in mice, including induction of antitetanus toxoid IgG titers, antibody types, and protective capacities against tetanus neurotoxin challenge. Our results showed that the conformational changes of TeNT-Hc resulting from disulfide bond formation reduced its ganglioside-binding activity but did not destroy it... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282254 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282253&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813665%26dopt%3DAbstract This study clearly demonstrated that this FaeG-FedF-LT(192)A2:B fusion antigen elicited antibodies that neutralized LT toxin and inhibited the adherence of K88 and F18 fimbrial E. coli strains and that this fusion could serve as an antigen for vaccines against porcine ETEC diarrhea. In addition, the adhesin-toxoid fusion approach used in this study may provide important information for developing effective vaccines against human ETEC diarrhea. PMID: 21813665 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282253 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282252&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832097%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effect of two leader sequences, one from a transmembrane molecule (H2-L(d)) and another from a secreted molecule (rat KC chemokine), on the immunogenicity of DNA epitope vaccines. The chemokine leader enhanced vaccine immunogenicity, thus underscoring the importance of the leader sequence in DNA epitope vaccine design. PMID: 21832097 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282252 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282251&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodrigues MZ, Grassi MF, Mehta S, Zhang XQ, Gois LL, Schooley RT, Badaro R Abstract To evaluate the effects of HIV on immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we quantified cytokine levels from plasma and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals infected with HIV and/or CL. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels and the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 produced in response to stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigens were significantly lower in HIV-Leishmania-coinfected patients than in CL-monoinfected patients. PMID: 21832098 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282251 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282250&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flores LL, Steingart KR, Dendukuri N, Schiller I, Minion J, Pai M, Ramsay A, Henry M, Laal S Abstract Tests that detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in clinical specimens could provide rapid direct evidence of active disease. We performed a systematic review to assess the diagnostic accuracy of antigen detection tests for active tuberculosis (TB) according to standard methods and summarized test performance using bivariate random effects meta-analysis. Overall, study quality was a concern. For pulmonary TB (47 studies, 5,036 participants), sensitivity estimates ranged from 2% to 100% and specificity from 33% to 100%. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) was the antigen most frequently targeted (23 studies, 49%). The pooled sensitivity of urine LAM was higher in HIV-infected than... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282250 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282249&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peyyala R, Kirakodu S, Novak KF, Ebersole JL Abstract An in vitro model of bacterial biofilms on rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPLs) was developed to challenge oral epithelial cells. This novel model provided seminal data on oral biofilm-host cell interactions, and with selected bacteria, the biofilms were more effective than their planktonic counterparts at stimulating host cell responses. PMID: 21832101 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282249 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282248&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832102%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested a total of 384 human patient serum samples in a BpRAG1 ELISA, including samples from 20 patients with clinical Baylisascaris larva migrans, 137 patients with other parasitic infections (8 helminth and 4 protozoan), and 227 individuals with unknown/suspected parasitic infections. A sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 86.9% were observed with the BpRAG1 ELISA, compared to only 39.4% specificity with the BPES ELISA. In addition, the BpRAG1 ELISA had a low degree of cross-reactivity with antibodies to Toxocara infection (25%), while the BPES antigen showed 90.6% cross-reactivity. Based on these results, the BpRAG1 antigen has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity and should be very useful and reliable in the diagnosis and seroepidemiology of Baylisascaris la... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282248 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282247&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832103%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tian H, Fu F, Li X, Chen X, Wang W, Lang Y, Cong F, Liu C, Tong G, Li X Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Haemophilus parasuis were generated by fusing spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with whole bacterial cells with SP2/0 murine myeloma cells. Desirable hybridomas were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Neutralizing MAb 1D8 was selected in protection assays. ELISA results demonstrated that 1D8 can react with all 15 serotypes of H. parasuis and field isolate H. parasuis HLJ-018. Passive immunization studies showed that mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 1D8 had significantly reduced prevalence of H. parasuis colonization in the blood, lung, spleen, and liver and had prolonged survival time compared to that of the control group. Fu... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282247 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282246&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832104%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine whether repeated immunization of BHS with multivalent Mannheimia-Bibersteinia vaccine will protect them upon M. haemolytica challenge. Four BHS were vaccinated with a culture supernatant vaccine prepared from M. haemolytica serotypes A1 and A2 and Bibersteinia trehalosi serotype T10 on days 0, 21, 35, 49, and 77. Four other BHS were used as nonvaccinated controls. On the day of challenge, 12 days after the last immunization, the mean serum titers of Lkt-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to surface antigens against M. haemolytica were 1:160 and 1:4,000, respectively. Following intranasal challenge with M. haemolytica A2 (1 × 10(5) CFU), all four control BHS died within 48 h. Necropsy revealed acute fibrinonecrotic pneumonia characteristic o... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282246 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282245&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852544%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to determine the reactivity of MPT83 in T helper 1 (Th1)-cell assays, i.e., antigen-induced proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated and/or M. tuberculosis-infected healthy subjects. PBMCs were tested with complex mycobacterial antigens and pools of synthetic peptides corresponding to MPT63, MPT83, MPB70, LppX, PPE68, CFP10, and ESAT-6. The results showed that MPT83 is among the strongest Th1 cell antigens of M. tuberculosis, and it was recognized equally strongly by BCG-vaccinated and by BCG-vaccinated and M. tuberculosis-infected healthy subjects. Furthermore, HLA heterogeneity of the responding donors suggested that MPT83 w... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282245 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282244&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khodai T, Chappell D, Christy C, Cockle P, Eyles J, Hammond D, Gore K, McCluskie MJ, Evans DM, Lang S, Loudon PT, Townend T, Wright P, West K, Bright H Abstract Despite several attempts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine for HSV-2, all have failed to show efficacy in the clinic. The most recent of these failures was the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) subunit vaccine based on the glycoprotein gD with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). In a phase 3 clinical trial, this vaccine failed to protect from HSV-2 disease, even though good neutralizing antibody responses were elicited. We aimed to develop a superior, novel HSV-2 vaccine containing either gD or gB alone or in combination, together with the potent adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG). The immunogenic prope... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282244 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282243&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harro C, Chakraborty S, Feller A, Denearing B, Cage A, Ram M, Lundgren A, Svennerholm AM, Bourgeois AL, Walker RI, Sack DA Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain H10407 (serotype O78:H11 producing heat-labile toxin [LT], heat-stable toxin [ST], and colonization factor I [CFA/I]) induces reliably high diarrheal attack rates (ARs) in a human challenge model at doses of ≥10(9) CFU. A descending-dose challenge study was conducted with changes to the standard fasting time and buffer formulation, seeking conditions that permit lower inocula while maintaining reproducibly high ARs. In cohort 1, 20 subjects were fasted overnight and randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive H10407 at doses of 10(8) CFU with bicarbonate, 10(8) CFU with CeraVacx, 10(7) CFU with bicarbonate, o... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282243 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282242&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldblatt D, Plikaytis BD, Akkoyunlu M, Antonello J, Ashton L, Blake M, Burton R, Care R, Durant N, Feavers I, Fernsten P, Fievet F, Giardina P, Jansen K, Katz L, Kierstead L, Lee L, Lin J, Maisonneuve J, Nahm MH, Raab J, Romero-Steiner S, Rose C, Schmidt D, Stapleton J, Carlone GM Abstract Lot 89SF has been the reference standard serum pool used in pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) since 1990. In 2005, it was estimated that there remained between 2 and 5 years' supply of lot 89SF. Since lot 89SF was the reference standard used in the evaluation of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar (PCV7), the link to clinical efficacy would be severed if stocks became completely depleted. Furthermore, demonstration of immune responses comparabl... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282242 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282241&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiwari AK, Kumar S, Pal V, Bhardwaj B, Rai GP Abstract Brucellosis is a disease with worldwide distribution affecting animals and human beings. Brucella abortus is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. The cross-reactions of currently available diagnostic procedures for B. abortus infection result in false-positive reactions, which make the procedures unreliable. These tests are also unable to differentiate Brucella-infected and -vaccinated animals. The present work is focused on the use of a nonlipopolysaccharide (LPS) diagnostic antigen, a recombinant 10-kDa (r10-kDa) protein of B. abortus, for specific diagnosis of brucellosis. The purified recombinant protein was used as a diagnostic antigen in plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (p-ELISA) format to screen 408... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282241 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282240&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurmann J, Sydler T, Brugnera E, Buergi E, Haessig M, Suter M, Sidler X Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the obligate infectious agent in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) of pigs. To control PMWS, we vaccinated dams at 4 and 2 weeks before pregnancy and again in the 12th week of gestation with an inactivated PCV2 vaccine (Circovac). Two producer farms run under the control of Swiss Swine Health Organization were selected for the experiment. Previously, in one farm PMWS was diagnosed on pigs after weaning, whereas in the other farm, pigs wasted during the fattening period. For the experiments 113 dams were randomly vaccinated, and 111 dams were sham injected. Vaccination increased serum antibodies in dams 3- to 9-fold, accompanied by serum antib... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282240 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282239&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blacksell SD, Tanganuchitcharnchai A, Jarman RG, Gibbons RV, Paris DH, Bailey MS, Day NP, Premaratna R, Lalloo DG, de Silva HJ Abstract A Sri Lankan fever cohort (n = 292 patients; 17.8% prevalence) was used to assess two standard diagnostic Chikungunya IgM tests. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) acute sample sensitivity (SN) was 1.9 to 3.9%, and specificity (SP) was 92.5 to 95.0%. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) gave an acute sample SN of 3.9% and an SP of 92.5% and a convalescent sample SN of 84% and an SP of 91%. These assays are not suitable for the acute diagnosis of Chikungunya virus infection. PMID: 21865416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282239 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282238&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Viscidi RP, Rollison DE, Sondak VK, Silver B, Messina JL, Giuliano AR, Fulp W, Ajidahun A, Rivanera D Abstract We produced capsids of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in a baculovirus expression system and developed a virus-like particle (VLP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To determine age-specific seroprevalence, serum samples were collected from 947 individuals attending hospital outpatient clinics and ranging in age from 1 to 93 years. To evaluate the association between exposure to MCPyV and Merkel cell cancer (MCC), plasma samples were obtained from 33 MCC patients and 37 controls. MCPyV seroprevalence was 45% in children under 10 years of age, increased to 60% in the next decade of life, and peaked at 81% among those 60 to 69 years of age. Levels of MCPy... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282238 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282235&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21960688%26dopt%3DAbstract Apropos "Dengue Virus Immunoglobulin M Detection in a Reference Laboratory Setting during the 2010 Dengue Virus Outbreak on Caribbean Islands". Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Oct;18(10):1787 Authors: Arya SC, Agarwal N, Prince HE, Matud JL, Lieberman JM PMID: 21960688 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282235 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282237&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21955624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Straub C, Burnham JP, White AC, Pazdrak K, Sanchez C, Watanabe LC, Kurosky A, Montes M Abstract We used comparative proteomics to analyze eosinophils from a patient with hypereosinophilia due to fascioliasis. Using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the eosinophil proteome was significantly altered compared to normal controls. PMID: 21955624 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282237 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282236&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21955625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar NP, Anuradha R, Suresh R, Ganesh R, Shankar J, Kumaraswami V, Nutman TB, Babu S Abstract Type 1 cytokine responses are known to play an important role in immunity to tuberculosis (TB) in children, although little is known about other factors that might be important. In addition, children are more prone to develop extrapulmonary manifestations of TB compared to adults. To identify the immune responses important both in control of infection and in extrapulmonary dissemination, we examined mycobacteria-specific cytokine responses of children with pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (ETB) and compared them with those of healthy control children (HC). No significant differences were found in the cytokine responses either with no stimulation or following mycobacterial... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282236 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262682&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940406%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a genetic engineering Lactobacillus coexpressing CSFV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope 290 and VP2 antigen of PPV was developed, and its immunopotentiating capacity as oral vaccine in pigs was analyzed. Data demonstrated that in the absence of any adjuvant, the recombinant Lactobacillus can efficiently stimulate mucosal and systemic CSFV-specific CD8(+) CTL responses to protect pigs against CSFV challenge. Moreover, anti-PPV-VP2 serum antibody IgG and mucosa antibody IgA can be induced in pigs immunized orally with the recombinant Lactobacillus, showing neutralizing effect on PPV infection. The results suggest that the recombinant Lactobacillus microecological agent may be a valuable strategy for future vaccine development against CSFV and PPV. PMID: 2194040... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262682 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5262682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5262681&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940407%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit PCV2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age (d). Forty-eight PCV2 naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. Vaccination was done at d5 or d21 followed by triple challenge with PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at d49. Vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 approximately 14 days post vaccination and had a detectable neutralizing antibody response by 21 days post vaccination regardless of age at vaccination. At d49, the pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine had significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. After challenge, vaccinated pigs had... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5262681 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5262681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233564&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918113%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li G, Jiao H, Jiang G, Wang J, Zhu L, Xie R, Yan H, Chen H, Ji M Abstract Neisseria gonorrhoeae surface protein A (NspA) is a highly conserved gonococcal antigen. To explore the potential of NspA in vaccine development against gonorrhea, BALB/c mice were immunized with pcNspA containing the NspA gene from N. gonorrhoeae strain WHO-A via intramuscular (IM) injection, intranasal (IN) immunization or intravaginal (IVAG) immunization. Following the last DNA immunization, mice were boosted with recombinant NspA (rNspA). ELISA indicated that all immunized mice generated measurable NspA-specific IgG and IgA in serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in vaginal wash fluids. The anti-sera had bactericidal and opsonic activities. These data demonstrated that NspA induced antibodies with anti... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233564 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233563&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918114%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dollard SC, Staras SA, Amin MM, Schmid DS, Cannon MJ Abstract Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the mother during pregnancy presents risk of CMV infection of the fetus with resulting permanent disability. CMV IgM antibody is generated following primary CMV infection but also can appear during non-primary CMV infection and is thus of limited diagnostic use by itself. In contrast, the presence of low CMV IgG avidity has been shown to be a unique and reliable serologic indicator of primary CMV infection. We measured CMV IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity antibody in sera from a population sample of 6,067 U.S. women ages 12-49 years old from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The CMV IgG prevalence was 58% overall and increased strongly with age. The CM... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233563 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233562&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918115%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waters WR, Buddle BM, Vordermeier HM, Gormley E, Palmer MV, Thacker TC, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR, Linscott R, Martel E, Milian F, Foshaug W, Lawrence JC Abstract As a consequence of continued spillover of Mycobacterium bovis into cattle from wildlife reservoirs and increased globalization of cattle trade with associated transmission risks, new approaches such as vaccination and novel testing algorithms are seriously being considered by regulatory agencies for the control of bovine tuberculosis. Serologic tests offer opportunities for identification of M. bovis infected animals not afforded by current diagnostic techniques. The present study describes assay development and field assessment of a new commercial ELISA that detects antibody to M. bovis antigens MPB83 and MPB70 ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233562 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233561&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meirelles Richer L, Aroso M, Contente-Cuomo T, Ivanova L, Gomes-Solecki M Abstract Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The enzootic cycle of this pathogen requires that Ixodes spp. acquire B. burgdorferi from infected wildlife reservoirs and transmit it to other uninfected wildlife. At present, there are no effective measures to control B. burgdorferi; there is no human vaccine available, and existing vector control measures are generally not acceptable to the public. However, if B. burgdorferi could be eliminated from its reservoir hosts or from the ticks that feed on them, the enzootic cycle would be broken, and the incidence of Lyme disease would decrease. We developed a reservoir targeted bait vaccine (RTV) based on the immunogenic outer surf... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233561 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233560&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manque PA, Tenjo F, Woehlbier U, Lara AM, Serrano MG, Xu P, Alves JM, Smeltz RB, Conrad DH, Buck GA Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, leading to acute, persistent and chronic diarrhea with life threatening consequences in immunocompromised individuals. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis in early childhood has been associated with subsequent significant impairment in growth, physical fitness and intellectual abilities. Currently, vaccines are unavailable and chemotherapeutics are toxic and impractical, and agents for immunoprophylaxis or treatment of cryptosporidiosis are a high priority. Availability of the genome sequences for C. hominis and C. parvum... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233560 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233559&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918118%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we evaluated the potential of monovalent and trivalent DNA vaccine constructs to 1) elicit both humoral and IFN-γ responses, and 2) protect pigs against viral shedding and lung disease after challenge with pandemic H1N1 or classic swine H1N1 influenza virus. We also compared the efficiency of a needle-free vaccine delivery method to conventional needle/syringe injection. We report that DNA vaccination elicits robust serum antibody and cellular responses after three immunizations, and confers significant protection against influenza challenge. Needle-free delivery elicited improved antibody responses with the same efficiency as conventional injection, and should be considered for development as a practical alternative for vaccine administration. PMID: 21918118 [PubMed - a... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233559 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233558&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918119%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here the effectiveness and safety of equine botulinum antitoxin (EqBA) as an alternative treatment. We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective, and longitudinal study on cases of infant botulism registered in Mendoza, Argentina, from 1993 to 2007. We analyzed 92 medical records of laboratory-confirmed cases and evaluated the safety and efficacy of treatment with EqBA. Forty-nine laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism demanding admission in intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation: 31 treated with EqBA within the 5 days after the onset of signs and 18 untreated with EqBA. EqBA-treated patients had a reduction in the mean length of hospital stay of 23.9 days (p=0.0007). For infants treated with EqBA, intensive care unit stay was shortened by 11.2 days (p=... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233558 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233557&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kin WW, Ning TZ, Othman N, Huat LB, Mohamed Z, Olivos Garcia A, Noordin R Abstract Serodiagnosis of amoebiasis remains the preferred method for diagnosis of ALA. However, the commercially available kits are problematic in endemic areas due to the persistent high background antibody titers. Human serum samples (n=38) from patients with amoebic liver abscess (ALA) who live in endemic areas were collected from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia during the period of 2008-2010. Western blot analysis using excretory-secretory antigen (ESA) collected from axenically grown E. histolytica were probed with the above serum samples. Seven antigenic proteins of ESA with varying reactivities were identified i.e. 152 kDa, 131 kDa, 123 kDa, 110 kDa, 100 kDa, 82 kDa and 76 kDa. However, on... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233557 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233556&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21918121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrette RW, Szczepanek SM, Rood D, Challa S, Avery N, Vajdy M, Kramer E, Rodriguez L, Silbart LK Abstract In order to augment responses to respiratory vaccines in swine, various adjuvants were intranasally co-administered with a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) antigen to pigs. Detoxified E. coli enterotoxins LTK63 and LTR72 enhanced antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immunity, demonstrating their efficacy as adjuvants for non-replicating antigens upon intranasal immunization in swine. PMID: 21918121 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233556 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5233556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194615&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pérez de Val B, López-Soria S, Nofrarías M, Martín M, Vordermeier MH, Villarreal-Ramos B, Romera N, Escobar M, Solanes D, Cardona PJ, Domingo M Abstract Caprine tuberculosis has increased in recent years, highlighting the need to address the problem this infection poses in goats. Moreover, goats may represent a cheaper alternative for testing of prototype vaccines in large ruminants and humans. With this aim, a Mycobacterium caprae infection model has been developed in goats. Eleven 6-month old-goats were infected by the endobronchial route with 1.5 × 10(3) cfu, and two other goats were kept as non-infected controls. Animals were monitored for clinical and immunological parameters throughout the experiment. After 14 weeks, goats were euthanized and detailed post-morte... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194615 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194614&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880850%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have developed a PV neutralization test with type 1, 2, and 3 PV pseudoviruses to determine neutralizing antibody titer against PV in human serum samples. With this test, neutralizing antibody titer against PV could be determined within 2 days by automated interpretation of luciferase signals without using infectious PV strains. We validated pseudovirus PV neutralization test with 131 human serum samples collected from a wide range of age groups (age of 1 to >60 y) by comparison with conventional neutralization test. We found a good correlation in the neutralizing antibody titers determined by these tests. These results suggest that pseudovirus PV neutralizaion test would serve as a safe and simple procedure for the measurement of neutralizing antibody titer against PV... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194614 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194613&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jost C, Touafek F, Fekkar A, Courtin R, Ribeiro M, Mazier D, Paris L Abstract Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii occurs mainly when a mother acquires the infection for the first time during pregnancy. It was recently shown that although early treatment of the primary infection during pregnancy has little or no impact on fetomaternal transmission rate, it does reduce the incidence of sequelae in infected infants. Seroconversion is defined by IgG apparition. Commercial reagents continue to vary considerably in detecting low concentrations of antibodies, as during early seroconversion. We compared two routinely used immunoassay (IA) tests (Platelia and Elecsys Toxo IgG) and an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay with a qualitative test based on Immunoblot analys... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194613 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194612&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loeffelholz MJ, Wen T, Patel JA Abstract Because of the need to reduce labor costs, many laboratories are replacing the traditional syphilis testing algorithm-screening with a manual nontreponemal test, followed by an anti-Treponema pallidum antibody test-with a "reverse" algorithm that uses an automated enzyme or chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) to screen for anti-T. pallidum IgG antibodies.… PMID: 21880852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194612 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194611&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880853%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions Elecsys HBsAg II quant assay accurately and reliably quantifies HBsAg in routine clinical samples. Onboard dilution minimizes retesting and reduces the potential for error. PMID: 21880853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194611 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194610&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Davies RS, Madigan JE, Hodzic E, Borjesson DL, Dumler JS Abstract Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the zoonotic cause of granulocytic anaplasmosis. We hypothesized that immune response, specifically IFN-γ, plays a role in disease severity. To test this, horses were infected and IFNG expression was pharmacologically downregulated using corticosteroids. Eight horses were infected with A. phagocytophilum; 4 received dexamethasone on days 4-8 of infection. Clinical signs, hematologic parameters and transcription of cytokine/chemokine genes were compared among treated and untreated horses. Infection was quantitated by msp2 real time PCR and microscopy. As anticipated, there was significantly greater leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in infected vs. uninfected horses. A. pha... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194610 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194609&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Viscidi RP, Rollison DE, Sondak VK, Silver B, Messina JL, Giuliano AR, Fulp W, Ajidahun A, Rivanera D Abstract We produced capsids of Merkel polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the baculovirus expression system and developed a virus-like particle (VLP) ELISA. To determine age-specifc seroprevalence, serum samples were collected from 947 individuals attending hospital outpatient clinics and ranging in age from 1 to 93 years. To evaluate the association between exposure to MCPyV and Merkel cell cancer (MCC), plasma samples were obtained from 33 MCC cases and 37 controls. MCPyV serorpevalence was 45% in children under 10 years of age, increased to 60% in the next decade of life and peaked at 81% among those 60-69 years of age. Levels of MCPyV capsid antibodies were positively correlated ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194609 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194608&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar D, Kirimanjeswara G, Metzger DW Abstract Inhalation of Yersinia pestis causes pneumonic plague that rapidly progresses to death. A previously licensed killed whole-cell vaccine is presently unavailable due to its reactogenicity and inconclusive evidence of efficacy. The present study now shows that vaccination intranasally (i.n.) with inactivated Y. pestis CO92 (iYp) adjuvanted with IL-12 followed by an i.n. challenge with a lethal dose of Y. pestis CO92 prevented bacterial colonization and protected 100% of mice from pneumonic plague. Survival of the vaccinated mice correlated with levels of systemic and lung antibodies, reduced pulmonary pathology and proinflammatory cytokines, and the presence of lung lymphoid cell aggregates. Protection against pneumonic plague w... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194608 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194607&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880857%26dopt%3DAbstract EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI MUCIN-LIKE ANTIGEN FOR SERODIAGNOSIS OF CHAGAS DISEASE. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Aug 31; Authors: De Marchi CR, Di Noia JM, Frasch AC, Amato Neto V, Almeida IC, Buscaglia CA Abstract Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is one of the most important endemic problems in Latin America. Lately, it has also become a health concern to the U.S. and Europe. Current diagnosis of Chagas disease and the screening of blood supplies for anti-parasite antibodies are achieved by conventional serological tests that show substantial variation in their reproducibility and reliability. In addition, the specificity of these assays is curtailed by antigenic cross-reactivity with sera from patients affected by ot... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194607 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194606&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prince HE, Yeh C, Lapé-Nixon M Abstract Dengue virus (DV) IgM/IgG ratio and IgG avidity value (AV) can reliably distinguish between primary and secondary DV infections using sera collected within 30 days of disease onset, but little is known about their efficacies using sera collected >30 days after onset. To investigate this issue, we analyzed specimens submitted to our reference laboratory for DV antibody testing. We first classified patients as having primary (N=55) or secondary (N=58) infections based on seroconversion patterns when comparing two sera collected <30 days apart. We then evaluated IgM/IgG ratios and IgG AVs of the second specimens using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The IgM/IgG ratio that best discriminated primary from secondar... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194606 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5194606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178700&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blacksell SD, Tanganuchitcharnchai A, Jarman RG, Gibbons RV, Paris DH, Bailey MS, Day NP, Premaratna R, Lalloo DG, de Silva J Abstract A Sri Lankan fever cohort (n=292; 17.8% prevalence) assessed two Standard Diagnostics Chikungunya IgM tests. The ICT acute sample sensitivity (Sn) was 1.9-3.9% and specificity (Sp) 92.5-95.0%. The ELISA gave acute sample Sn 3.9% and Sp 92.5% and convalescent sample Sn 84% and Sp 91%. These assays are not suitable for the acute diagnosis of Chikungunya. PMID: 21865416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178700 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178699&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865417%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our study proposes a novel explanation for the protective role of RVFHbαP in inflammation associated infections may provide not only the new cellular targets for the screening of RVFHbαP ligands acting in the vaginal tissue, but also has the potential to develop RVFHbαP as a therapeutic agent for reproductive tract infections. PMID: 21865417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178699 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157698&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852544%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to determine the reactivity of MPT83 in T helper 1 (Th1)-cell assays, i.e. antigen-induced proliferation and interferon-γ secretion, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated and/or M. tuberculosis-infected healthy subjects. PBMCs were tested with complex mycobacterial antigens and pools of synthetic peptides corresponding to MPT63, MPT83, MPB70, LppX, PPE68, CFP10 and ESAT-6. The results showed that MPT83 is among the strongest Th1-cell antigens of M. tuberculosis. and it was recognized equally strongly by BCG-vaccinated as well as BCG-vaccinated and M. tuberculosis-infected healthy subjects. Furthermore, HLA-heterogeneity of the responding donors suggested that MPT83 was presented to Th1-c... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157698 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157697&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khodai T, Chappell D, Christy C, Cockle P, Eyles J, Hammond D, Gore K, McCluskie MJ, Evans DM, Lang S, Loudon PT, Townend T, Wright P, West K, Bright H Abstract Despite several attempts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine for HSV-2, all have failed to show efficacy in the clinic. The most recent of these failures was the GSK sub-unit vaccine based on the glycoprotein gD with the adjuvant MPL. In a phase 3 clinical trial, this vaccine failed to protect from HSV-2 disease, even though good neutralising antibody responses were elicited. We aimed to develop a superior, novel HSV-2 vaccine containing either gD or gB alone, or in combination, together with the potent adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CPG). The immunogenic properties of these vaccines were compared in ... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157697 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157696&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harro C, Chakraborty S, Feller A, Denearing B, Cage A, Ram M, Lundgren A, Svennerholm AM, Bourgeois AL, Walker RI, Sack DA Abstract Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strain H10407 (serotype O78:H11, LT+, ST+, CFA I) induces reliably high diarrheal attack rates (ARs) in a human challenge model at doses ≥10(9)CFU. A descending dose challenge study was conducted with changes to standard fasting time and buffer formulation, seeking conditions that permit lower inocula while maintaining reproducibly high ARs. In Cohort 1, 20 subjects were fasted overnight and randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive H10407 at doses of 10(8)CFU w/bicarbonate, 10(8)CFU w/CeraVacx®, 10(7)CFU w/bicarbonate, or 10(7)CFU w/CeraVacx®. Subsequent cohorts received H10407 (10(7)CFU w/bicarbonate) with similar fast... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157696 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157695&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldblatt D, Plikaytis BD, Akkoyunlu M, Antonello J, Ashton L, Blake M, Burton R, Care R, Durant N, Feavers I, Fernsten P, Fievet F, Giardina P, Jansen K, Katz L, Kierstead L, Lee L, Lin J, Maisonneuve J, Nahm M, Raab J, Romero-Steiner S, Rose C, Schmidt D, Stapleton J, Carlone GM Abstract Lot 89SF has been the reference standard serum pool used in pneumococcal ELISA assays since 1990. In 2005, it was estimated that there remained between two and five years supply of Lot 89SF. Since Lot 89SF was the reference standard used in the evaluation of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar™ (PCV7), the link to clinical efficacy would be severed if stocks became completely depleted. Furthermore, demonstration of immune responses comparable to those elicited by PC... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157695 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157694&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiwari AK, Kumar S, Pal V, Bhardwaj B, Rai GP Abstract Brucellosis is a disease of worldwide distribution affecting animals and human beings. Brucella abortus is the causative agent of bovine brucellosis. The cross reactions of currently available diagnostic procedures for Brucella abortus infection results in false positive reactions which make them unreliable. These tests are also unable to differentiate Brucella infected and vaccinated animals. The present work is focused on the use of a non-LPS diagnostic antigen, a recombinant 10 kDa (r10 kDa) protein of Brucella abortus, for specific diagnosis of brucellosis. The purified recombinant protein was used as diagnostic antigen in plate-ELISA (p-ELISA) format to screen 408 bovine serum samples (70 presumptively negative, 3... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157694 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157693&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurmann J, Sydler T, Brugnera E, Buergi E, Haessig M, Suter M, Sidler X Abstract Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) is the obligate infectious agent in Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) of pigs. To control PMWS we vaccinated dams twice, 4 and 2 weeks before pregnancy and once in the 12(th) week of gestation with an inactivated PCV2 vaccine (Circovac®). Two producer farms run under the control of Swiss Swine Health Organisation were selected for the experiment. Previously, in one farm PMWS was diagnosed after weaning, whereas in the other farm, pigs wasted during the fattening period. For the experiments 113 dams were randomly vaccinated and 111 dams were sham injected. Vaccination increased serum antibodies in dams 3-9 fold accompanied with serum antibody ti... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157693 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5142001&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832096%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of the modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, St. Joseph, MO, USA) on European and North American PRRSV shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars. The boars were randomly divided into six groups. Vaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 10(0.1) to 10(1.0) viral genome copies per ml and 3.63 to 10(1.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID(50))/ml, respectively in semen, whereas non-vaccinated boars shed the North American PRRSV at the rate of 10(0.2) to 10(4.7) viral genome copies per ml and 1.14 to 10(3.07) TCID(50)/ml, respectively in semen. Vaccinated boars shed the European PRRSV at the rate... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5142001 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5142001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5142000&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832097%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effect of two leader sequences, one from a transmembrane molecule, (H2-L(d)) and another from a secreted molecule (rat KC chemokine), on the immunogenicity of DNA epitope vaccines. The chemokine leader enhanced vaccine immunogenicity thus underscoring the importance of the leader sequence in DNA epitope vaccine design. PMID: 21832097 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5142000 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5142000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141999&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832098%26dopt%3DAbstract TH1/TH2 CYTOKINE PROFILE IN HIV AND LEISHMANIA CO-INFECTED PATIENTS IN BRAZIL. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Aug 10; Authors: Rodrigues MZ, Grassi MF, Mehta S, Zhang XQ, Gois LL, Schooley RT, Badaro R To evaluate the effects of HIV on immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), we quantified cytokine levels from plasma and stimulated PBMCs from individuals infected with HIV and/or CL. IFN-γ, IL-13, and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 produced in response to stimulation with soluble Leishmania antigens were significantly lower in HIV/Leishmania co-infected patients. PMID: 21832098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology) Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141999 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141998&cid=s_33581_3_f&fid=33581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21832099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xin H, Cutler JE Previously we showed antibodies specific for the glycan β-1, 2-mannotriose [β-(Man)(3)] on the cell surface of Candida albicans protect mice against disseminated candidiasis. Furthermore, six 14 mer peptides that are within the N-terminal portion of C. albicans wall proteins were conjugated to the glycan in an attempt to create immunogenic glycopeptide conjugates. By a dendritic cell (DC) -based immunization approach, all were immunogenic and three of the six conjugates induced a high degree of protection in mice. Interestingly, whereas all six peptides induced antibody responses when used alone to pulse DCs for subsequent immunizations, three peptides induced protection and one in particular, peptide Fba (derived from fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), induce... Clinical and Vaccine Immunology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141998 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141998