MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:50:20 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627706&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258939%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The use of amnioinfusion for potential or suspected umbilical cord compression may be of considerable benefit to mother and baby by reducing the occurrence of variable FHR decelerations, improving short-term measures of neonatal outcome, reducing maternal postpartum endometritis and lowering the use of caesarean section, although there were methodological limitations to the trials reviewed here. In addition, the trials are too small to address the possibility of rare but serious maternal adverse effects of amnioinfusion. More research is needed to confirm the findings, assess longer-term measures of fetal outcome, and to assess the impact on caesarean section rates when the diagnosis of fetal distress is more stringent. Trials should assess amnioinfusion in specific clinical s... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627706 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627705&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258940%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Betastimulants, to facilitate ECV, increased cephalic presentation in labour and birth, and reduced the caesarean section rate in both nulliparous and multiparous women, but there were insufficient data on adverse effects. Calcium channel blockers and nitric acid donors had insufficient data to provide good evidence. At present we recommend betamimetics for facilitating ECV.There is scope for further research. The possible benefits of tocolysis to reduce the force required for successful version and the possible risks of maternal cardiovascular side effects, need to be addressed further. Further trials are needed to compare the effectiveness of routine versus selective use of tocolysis, the role of regional analgesia, fetal acoustic stimulation, amnioinfusion and the effect of... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627705 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627704&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258941%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Currently there is no good evidence to suggest life skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data are needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether life skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems. PMID: 22258941 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627704 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627703&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258942%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is currently no evidence from clinical trials to support a radical shift in the care of acute stroke patients from hospital-based care. PMID: 22258942 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627703 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627702&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258943%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: High-dose methylprednisolone steroid therapy is the only pharmacologic therapy shown to have efficacy in a phase three randomized trial when administered within eight hours of injury. One trial indicates additional benefit by extending the maintenance dose from 24 to 48 hours, if start of treatment must be delayed to between three and eight hours after injury. There is an urgent need for more randomized trials of pharmacologic therapy for acute spinal cord injury. PMID: 22258943 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627702 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627701&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258944%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Both ampicillin and first generation cephalosporins have similar efficacy in reducing postoperative endometritis. There does not appear to be added benefit in utilizing a more broad spectrum agent or a multiple dose regimen. There is a need for an appropriately designed randomized trial to test the optimal timing of administration (immediately after the cord is clamped versus pre-operative). PMID: 22258944 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627701 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627700&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258945%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Results from the single trial indicate no evidence of a beneficial effect of optic nerve decompression surgery for NAION. Future research should focus on increasing our understanding of the etiology and prognosis of NAION. New treatment options should be examined in the context of randomized clinical trials. PMID: 22258945 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627700 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627699&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258946%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The value of the various approaches to conservative management of postprostatectomy incontinence after radical prostatectomy remains uncertain. It seems unlikely that men benefit from one-to-one pelvic floor muscle training therapy after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).  Long-term incontinence may be managed by external penile clamp, but there are safety problems. PMID: 22258946 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627699 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627698&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258947%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: D2 dissection carries increased mortality risks associated with spleen and pancreas resection, and probably with inexperience and low case volumes. Randomised studies show no evidence of overall survival benefit, but possible benefit in T3+ tumours. These results may be confounded by surgical learning curves and poor surgeon compliance. Non-randomised comparisons suggest a possible survival benefit for D2 in intermediate UICC stages. Observational studies show high 5 year survival and low operative mortality after D2 dissection in experienced units, and poor results after D1 dissection in non-specialist units. Further studies, with precautions to eliminate learning curve effects, contamination and non-compliance, are needed to evaluate D2 dissection in intermediate stage gastr... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627698 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627697&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258948%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Only one of the 15 trials offered evidence for exercise aiding smoking cessation at a 12-month follow up. All the other trials were too small to reliably exclude an effect of intervention, or included an exercise intervention which was insufficiently intense to achieve the desired level of exercise. Trials are needed with larger sample sizes, sufficiently intense interventions, equal contact control conditions, and measures of exercise adherence and change in physical activity in both exercise and comparison groups. PMID: 22258948 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627697 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627696&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258949%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Oseltamivir and zanamivir appear to have modest benefit in reducing duration of illness in children with influenza. However, our analysis was limited by small sample sizes and an inability to pool data from different studies. Oseltamivir reduces the incidence of acute otitis media in children aged one to five years but is associated with a significantly increased risk of vomiting. One study demonstrated that laninamivir octanoate was more effective than oseltamivir in shortening duration of illness in children with oseltamivir-resistant influenza A/H1N1. The benefit of oseltamivir and zanamivir in preventing the transmission of influenza in households is modest and based on weak evidence. However, the clinical efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors in 'at risk' children is still... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627696 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627695&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258950%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: AMT is effective in preventing influenza A in children but the NNTB is high (NNTB: 12 (95% CI 9 to 17). RMT probably helps the abatement of fever on day three of treatment, but the quality of the evidence is poor. Due to the small number of available studies, we could not reach a definitive conclusion on the safety of AMT or the effectiveness of RMT in preventing influenza in children and the elderly. PMID: 22258950 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627695 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627694&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258951%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: While in general, conservative therapy appears to be as effective as aggressive therapy in preparation for surgery in people with sickle cell disease, further research is needed to examine the optimal regimen for different surgical types, and to address whether preoperative transfusion is needed in all surgical situations. PMID: 22258951 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627694 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627693&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258952%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: While urodynamic tests may change clinical decision making, there was not enough evidence to suggest whether this would result in better clinical outcomes. There was no evidence abut their use in men, children or people with neurological diseases. Larger definitive trials are needed, in which people are randomly allocated to management according to urodynamic findings or to standard management based on history and clinical examination. PMID: 22258952 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627693 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627692&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258953%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is good evidence that topical mupirocin and topical fusidic acid are equally, or more, effective than oral treatment. Due to the lack of studies in people with extensive impetigo, it is unclear if oral antibiotics are superior to topical antibiotics in this group. Fusidic acid and mupirocin are of similar efficacy. Penicillin was not as effective as most other antibiotics. There is a lack of evidence to support disinfection measures to manage impetigo. PMID: 22258953 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627692 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627691&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258954%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression lowers the risk of death and death or severe disability defined as mRS > 4 in selected patients 60 years of age or younger with a massive hemispheric infarction and oedema. Optimum criteria for patient selection and for timing of decompressive surgery are yet to be defined. Since survival may be at the expense of substantial disability, surgery should be the treatment of choice only when it can be assumed, based on their preferences, that it is in the best interest of patients. Since all the trials were stopped early, an overestimation of the effect size cannot be excluded. PMID: 22258954 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627691 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627690&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258955%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis in afebrile neutropenic patients significantly reduced all-cause mortality. In our review, the most significant reduction in mortality was observed in trials assessing prophylaxis with quinolones. The benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis outweighed the harm such as adverse effects and the development of resistance since all-cause mortality was reduced. As most trials in our review were of patients with haematologic cancer, we strongly recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for these patients, preferably with a quinolone. Prophylaxis may also be considered for patients with solid tumours or lymphoma. PMID: 22258955 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627690 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627689&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258956%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the routine use of home visits for pregnant or postpartum women with a drug or alcohol problem. Further large, high-quality trials are needed. PMID: 22258956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627689 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627688&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258957%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to guide selection of appropriate PEEP levels for RDS or CMV. There is a need for well designed clinical trials evaluating the optimal application of this important and frequently applied intervention. PMID: 22258957 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627688 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627687&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258958%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no reliable evidence suggesting which could be the most effective interventions for treating peri-implantitis. This is not to say that currently used interventions are not effective.A single small trial at unclear risk of bias showed the use of local antibiotics in addition to manual subgingival debridement was associated with a 0.6 mm additional improvement for PAL and PPD over a 4-month period in patients affected by severe forms of peri-implantitis. Another small single trial at high risk of bias showed that after 4 years, improved PAL and PPD of about 1.4 mm were obtained when using Bio-Oss with resorbable barriers compared to a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in peri-implant infrabony defects. There is no evidence from four trials that the more complex and expensi... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627687 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627686&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258959%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: From this review, we conclude that when diabetes duration is over one year, the overall effect of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin is small up to six months after initiation and subsides after 12 months. Furthermore, based on a best-evidence synthesis, there is no evidence that SMBG affects patient satisfaction, general well-being or general health-related quality of life. More research is needed to explore the psychological impact of SMBG and its impact on diabetes specific quality of life and well-being, as well as the impact of SMBG on hypoglycaemia and diabetic complications. PMID: 22258959 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627686 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627685&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258960%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Well designed RCTs, evaluating a high number of patients were included in the review. Recombinant IFN beta does not prevent the development of permanent physical disability in SPMS. We were unable to verify the effect on cognitive function for the lack of comparable data. This treatment significantly reduces the risk of relapse and of short -term relapse-related disability.Overall, these results show that IFNs' anti-inflammatory effect is unable to retard progression, when established. In the future, no new RCTs for IFNs versus placebo in SPMS will probably be undertaken, because research is now focusing on innovative drugs. We believe that this review gives conclusive evidence on the clinical efficacy of IFNs versus placebo in SPMS. PMID: 22258960 [PubMed - in process] (S... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627685 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627684&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258961%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Given the generally poor quality of the published studies and the large degree of heterogeneity in the interventions and the results, the overall benefit of pentoxifylline for patients with Fontaine class II intermittent claudication remains uncertain. Pentoxifylline is generally well tolerated.  Based on the totality of the available evidence, it is possible that pentoxifylline could have a place in the treatment of IC as a means of improving walking distance and as a complimentary treatment assuming all other essential measures such as lifestyle change, exercise and treatment for secondary prevention have been taken into account. However, the response to pentoxifylline should be assessed on an individual basis. PMID: 22258961 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane D... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627684 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627683&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258962%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic antibiotics administered preoperatively reduce the risk of SSI in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer. Further studies involving patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction are needed as studies have identified this group as being at higher risk of infection than those who do not undergo immediate breast reconstruction. PMID: 22258962 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627683 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627682&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258963%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Where the prescribing choice is between oral immediate release oxybutynin or tolterodine, tolterodine might be preferred for reduced risk of dry mouth. With tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily is the usual starting dose, but a 1 mg twice daily dose might be equally effective, with less risk of dry mouth. If extended release preparations of oxybutynin or tolterodine are available, these might be preferred to immediate release preparations because there is less risk of dry mouth.Between solifenacin and immediate release tolterodine, solifenacin might be preferred for better efficacy and less risk of dry mouth. Solifenacin 5 mg once daily is the usual starting dose, this could be increased to 10 mg once daily for better efficacy but with increased risk of dry mouth.Between fesoterodine... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627682 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627681&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258964%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: SGIA can be performed quicker as compared to double layer GIA. SGIA is comparable to DGIA in terms of anastomotic leak, peri-operative complications, mortality and hospital stay. SGIA may routinely be used for GIA following bowel resection. However, since this conclusion is derived from smaller number of patients recruited in relatively moderate quality trials, further trials should be aimed to reduce the limitations of this review. PMID: 22258964 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627681 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627680&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258965%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that use of high-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat enteral feeds in patients with at least 10% TBSA burns might reduce the incidence of pneumonia compared with use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet. The available evidence is inconclusive regarding the effect of either enteral feeding regimen on mortality. Note that the available evidence is limited to two small studies judged to be of moderate risk of bias. Further research is needed in this area before strong conclusions can be drawn. PMID: 22258965 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627680 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627679&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258966%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Although some pharmacotherapies tested to limit PCWG show evidence of short-term success, other problems with them and the lack of data on long-term efficacy limits their use. Weight management education only, is not effective and may reduce abstinence. Personalised weight management support may be effective and not reduce abstinence, but there are too few data to be sure. One study showed a VLCD increased abstinence but did not prevent WG in the longer term. CBT to accept WG did not limit PCWG and may not promote abstinence in the long term. Exercise interventions significantly reduced weight in the long term, but not the short term. More studies are needed to clarify whether this is an effect of treatment or a chance finding. Bupropion, fluoxetine, NRT and varenicline reduce... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627679 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627678&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258967%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Due to the extremely limited number of trials, there is insufficient evidence to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for preventing CVI in standing workers. Further large-scale studies examining all possible non-pharmacological interventions and outcomes are required. PMID: 22258967 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627678 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627677&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258968%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the use of quantitative cultures of respiratory secretions results in reduced mortality, reduced time in ICU and on mechanical ventilation, or higher rates of antibiotic change when compared to qualitative cultures in patients with VAP. Similar results were observed when invasive strategies were compared with non-invasive strategies. PMID: 22258968 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627677 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627676&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258969%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Considering the internal and external validity of the evidence, tranexamic acid cannot be recommended for routine use. Additional trials in which tranexamic acid is used in combination with the currently recommended interventions are required. PMID: 22258969 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627676 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627675&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258970%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review has been updated in 2011. The results of the original review published in 2009 remain unchanged. There is still not enough evidence to support the use of pentoxifylline in the management of premenopausal women with endometriosis in terms of subfertility and relief of pain outcomes. PMID: 22258970 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627675 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627674&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258971%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the currently available evidence suggests a strong PFS benefit for HDT + ASCT compared with chemotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with FL. No statistically significant differences in terms of OS, TRM and secondary cancers were detected. These effects are confirmed in a subgroup analysis (one trial) adding rituximab to both treatment arms. Further trials evaluating this approach are needed to determine this effect more precisely in the era of rituximab. Moreover, longer follow-up data are necessary to find out whether the PFS advantage will translate into an OS advantage in previously untreated patients with FL.There is evidence that HDT + ASCT is advantageous in patients with relapsed FL. PMID: 22258971 [PubMed - in process] (Sour... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627674 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627673&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258972%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results of this review suggest that phakic IOLs are safer than excimer laser surgical correction for moderate to high myopia in the range of -6.0 to -20.0 D and phakic IOLs are preferred by patients. While phakic IOLs might be accepted clinical practice for higher levels of myopia (greater than or equal to 7.0 D of myopic spherical equivalent with or without astigmatism), it may be worth considering phakic IOL treatment over excimer laser correction for more moderate levels of myopia (less than or equal to 7.0 D of myopic spherical equivalent with or without astigmatism). Further RCTs adequately powered for subgroup analysis are necessary to further elucidate the ideal range of myopia for phakic IOLs. PMID: 22258972 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of S... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627673 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627672&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258973%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence from four small low-quality trials that the pronation method might be more effective and less painful than the supination method for manipulating pulled elbow in young children. We recommend that a high quality randomised trial be performed to strengthen the evidence. PMID: 22258973 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627672 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627671&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258974%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The included studies provide strong evidence for increased ferritin and transferrin saturation levels, together with a small increase in haemoglobin, in patients with CKD who were treated with IV iron compared with oral iron. From a limited body of evidence, we identified a significant reduction in ESA requirements in patients treated with IV iron, and found no significant difference in mortality. Adverse effects were reported in only 50% of included studies. We therefore suggest that further studies that focus on patient-centred outcomes are needed to determine if the use of IV iron is justified on the basis of reductions in ESA dose and cost, improvements in patient quality of life, and with few serious adverse effects. PMID: 22258974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochr... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627671 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627670&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258975%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: For patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis and dilated pancreatic duct, this review showed that surgery is superior to endoscopy in terms of pain control. Morbidity and mortality seemed not to differ between the two intervention modalities, but the small trials identified do not provide sufficient power to detect the small differences expected in this outcome.Regarding the comparison of surgical intervention versus conservative treatment, this review has shown that surgical intervention in an early stage of chronic pancreatitis seems to be a promising approach in terms of pain control and pancreatic function. Confirmation of these results is needed in other trials due to the methodological limitations and limited number of patients of the present evidence. PMID: 22... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627670 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627669&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258976%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence to support the use of material incentives to improve return rates for tuberculosis diagnostic test results and adherence to antituberculosis preventive therapy. The data are currently limited to trials among predominantly male drug users, homeless, and prisoner subpopulations in the USA, and therefore the results are not easily generalised to the wider adult population, or to low- and middle-income countries, where the tuberculosis burden is highest.Further high-quality studies are needed to assess both the costs and effectiveness of incentives to improve adherence to long-term treatment of tuberculosis. PMID: 22258976 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627669 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627668&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258977%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic phototherapy helps to maintain a lower serum bilirubin concentration and may have an effect on the rate of exchange transfusion and the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further well-designed studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of prophylactic phototherapy on long-term outcomes including neurodevelopmental outcomes. PMID: 22258977 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627668 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627667&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258978%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The results seem to favour the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in combination with antipsychotics on a few domains of mental state and cognition, but because of the various limitations in the studies as mentioned in the main text, the evidence is weak. This review highlights the need for large, independent, well designed, conducted and reported pragmatic randomised studies. PMID: 22258978 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627667 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627666&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258979%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for well designed studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical agents for the treatment of HIV related oral aphthous ulcers. PMID: 22258979 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627666 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627665&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258980%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in children, adults and patients with poorly controlled diabetes. The largest improvements in glycaemic control were seen for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in patients with poorly controlled diabetes who had not used an insulin pump before. The risk of severe hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis was not significantly increased for CGM users, but as these events occurred infrequent these results have to be interpreted cautiously.There are indications that higher compliance of wearing the CGM device improves glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level (HbA1c) to a larger extent.  PMID: 22258980 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627665 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627664&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258981%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence from the available RCTs to conclude that CPM reduces VTE after TKA. We cannot assess the effect of CPM on death because no such events occurred amongst the participants of these trials. PMID: 22258981 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627664 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627663&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258982%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions on the best type of, or technique for, intramedullary nailing for tibial shaft fractures in adults. 'Moderate' quality evidence suggests that there is no clear difference in the rate of major re-operations and complications between reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing. Reamed intramedullary nailing has, however, a lower incidence of implant failure than unreamed nailing. 'Low' quality evidence suggests that reamed nailing may reduce the incidence of major re-operations related to non-union in closed fractures rather than in open fractures. 'Low' quality evidence suggests that the Ender nail has poorer results in terms of re-operation and malunion than an interlocking nail. PMID: 22258982 [PubMed -... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627663 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627662&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258983%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We could not find convincing evidence that NBI is significantly better than high definition WLC for the detection of patients with colorectal polyps, or colorectal adenomas. We found evidence that NBI might be better than standard definition WLC and equal to high definition WLC for detection the patients with colorectal polyps, or colorectal adenomas. PMID: 22258983 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627662 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627661&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258984%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: No RCTs or CCTs evaluating MIS in the treatment of solid intra-thoracic or intra-abdominal neoplasms in children could be identified, therefore no definitive conclusions could be made about the effects of MIS in these patients. Based on the currently available evidence we are not able to give recommendations for the use of MIS in the treatment of solid intra-thoracic or intra-abdominal neoplasms in children. More high quality studies (RCTs and/or CCTs) are needed. To accomplish this, centres specialising in MIS in children should collaborate. PMID: 22258984 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627661 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627660&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258985%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of robust evidence for interventions to manage fatigue and/or unintentional weight loss in the advanced stage of progressive illnesses such as advanced cancer, heart failure, lung failure, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia and AIDS. The evidence contained within this overview provides some insight into interventions which may prove of benefit within this population such as exercise, some pharmacological treatments and support for self management.Researchers could improve the methodological quality of future studies by blinding of outcome assessors. Adopting uniform reporting mechanisms for fatigue and weight loss outcome measures would also allow the opportunity for meta-analysis of small studies.Researcher... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627660 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627659&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258986%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence on which to base clinical decisions regarding the use of non-drug therapies for the treatment of lower limb muscle cramp. Serious methodological limitations in the existing evidence hinder clinical application. There is an urgent need to carefully evaluate many of the commonly recommended and emerging non-drug therapies in well designed randomised controlled trials. PMID: 22258986 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627659 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627658&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258987%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In this meta-analysis, preventive antibiotic therapy seemed to reduce the risk of infection, but did not reduce the number of dependent or deceased patients. However, the included studies were small and heterogeneous. Large randomised trials are urgently needed. PMID: 22258987 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627658 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627657&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258988%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Well-designed RCTs are required as only low quality evidence from CCTs is available. These studies support the use of robotic assisted surgery for endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, but these findings present a high risk of bias. PMID: 22258988 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627657 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627656&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258989%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient data to address the risk-benefit balance of using VGB versus CBZ monotherapy for epilepsy. Considering the high prevalence of visual field defects, reported in an existing systematic review of observational studies (Maguire 2010), the prescribing of VGB monotherapy for epilepsy should be used with caution and not considered as a first-line choice. If necessary, a frequent assessment of visual field is needed. Future research should focus on investigating the reasons for visual field defects and exploring the potential prevention strategies. Moreover, future monotherapy studies of epilepsy should report results according to the recommendation of International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission, and methodological quality should be improve... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627656 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627655&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258990%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence available from randomised controlled trials to ascertain whether surgical intervention of humeral shaft fractures gives a better or worse outcome than no surgery. Sufficiently powered good quality multi-centre randomised controlled trials comparing surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating humeral shaft fractures in adults are needed. It is likely that the results from the two ongoing randomised trials on this topic will help inform practice in due course. PMID: 22258990 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627655 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627654&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258991%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We planned to report evidence from genetically or non-genetically randomised controlled trials comparing conventional therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, no randomised trials addressing this question were identified. Nevertheless, prospective genetically randomised controlled trials need to be initiated to evaluate the precise role of alloSCT in advanced CTCL. PMID: 22258991 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627654 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627653&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258992%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is currently weak evidence that oral nefopam, topical capsaicin and oromucosal cannabis are all superior to placebo in reducing pain in patients with RA. However, each agent is associated with a significant side effect profile. The confidence in our estimates is not strong given the difficulties with blinding, the small numbers of participants evaluated and the lack of adverse event data. In some patients, however, even a small degree of pain relief may be considered worthwhile. Until further research is available, given the relatively mild nature of the adverse events, capsaicin could be considered as an add-on therapy for patients with persistent local pain and inadequate response or intolerance to other treatments. Oral nefopam and oromucosal cannabis have more signif... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627653 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627652&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258993%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Based upon the currently available evidence in patients with RA, benzodiazepines (diazepam and triazolam) do not appear to be beneficial in improving pain over 24 hours or one week. The non-benzodiazepine agent zopiclone also did not significantly reduce pain over two weeks. However, even short term muscle relaxant use (24 hours to 2 weeks) is associated with significant adverse events, predominantly drowsiness and dizziness. PMID: 22258993 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627652 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627651&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258994%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent patient injuries from their beds (including bed rails, low height beds and bed exit alarms) remains uncertain. The available evidence shows no significant increase or decrease in the rate of injuries with the use of low height beds and bed exit alarms. Limitations of the two included studies include lack of blinding and insufficient power. No randomised controlled trials of bed rails were identified. Future reports should fully describe the standard care received by the control group. PMID: 22258994 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627651 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627650&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258995%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the current review, there is scant evidence to guide clinicians about how gastrointestinal or liver comorbidities should influence the choice of pain treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or other spondylarthritis. Based upon additional studies that included a mixed population of participants with a range of rheumatic conditions, NSAIDs should be used cautiously in patients with inflammatory arthritis and a history of gastrointestinaI comorbidity as there is consistent evidence that they may be at increased risk. PMID: 22258995 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627650 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627649&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258996%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We found a high risk of publication and reporting biases in the trial programme of oseltamivir. Sub-population analyses of the influenza infected population in the oseltamivir trial programme are not possible because the two arms are non-comparable due to oseltamivir's apparent interference with antibody production. The evidence supports a direct oseltamivir mechanism of action on symptoms but we are unable to draw conclusions about its effect on complications or transmission. We expect full clinical study reports containing study protocol, reporting analysis plan, statistical analysis plan and individual patient data to clarify outstanding issues. These full clinical study reports are at present unavailable to us. PMID: 22258996 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Dat... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627649 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627648&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258997%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review found interventions including providing dietary advice and blood glucose level monitoring for women with pregnancy hyperglycaemia not meeting GDM and T2DM diagnostic criteria helped reduce the number of macrosomic and LGA babies without increasing caesarean section and operative vaginal birth rates. It is important to notice that the results of this review were based on four small randomised trials with moderate to high risk of bias without follow-up outcomes for both women and their babies. PMID: 22258997 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627648 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627647&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258998%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A significant health disparity exists, whereby Indigenous populations, a minority, are over-represented in the burden of smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the paucity of evidence available to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, despite the known success of these interventions in non-Indigenous populations. Due to this lack of published investigations, the external validity of this review is limited, as is the ability to draw reliable conclusions from the results. The limited but available evidence reported does indicate that smoking cessation interventions specifically targeted at Indigenous populations can produce smoking abstinence. However this evidence base is not strong with a small number of methodologically sound ... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627647 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627646&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22258999%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes reported severely limit conclusions for clinical practice. We found little robust evidence that sterile water is effective for low back or any other labour pain. Neither did we find any difference in delivery or other maternal or fetal outcomes. Further large, methodologically rigorous studies are required to determine the efficacy of sterile water to relieve pain in labour. PMID: 22258999 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627646 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627645&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22259000%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review did not demonstrate any effect of bezafibrate versus no intervention on mortality, liver-related morbidity, adverse events, and pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Furthermore, we found no significant effects of bezafibrate on mortality, liver-related morbidity, or adverse events when compared with ursodeoxycholic acid, None of the trials assessed quality of life or fatigue. The data seem to indicate a possible positive intervention effect of bezafibrate on some liver biochemistry measures compared with the control group, but the observed effects could be due to systematic errors or random errors. We need more randomised clinical trials on the effects of bezafibrate on primary biliary cirrhosis with low risks of systematic errors and ran... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627645 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627644&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22259001%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of the included studies was poor, and reliable conclusions could not be drawn from the present data. High-quality and large-scale RCTs are needed. PMID: 22259001 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627644 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627643&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22259002%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A single dose immediately following surgery is ineffective based on one study. Gemcitabine may be more active than mitomycin C with a lower toxicity profile. Compared to intravesical BCG therapy, gemcitabine had similar effects in intermediate risk patients, less effective in high risk patient and superior in BCG refractory patients. However, each randomised trial identified represents a different clinical setting in NMIBC and therefore the evidence base is limited. Consequently these data should be interpreted with caution until further corroborative evidence becomes available. The aim of intravesical therapy in NMIBC is to prevent tumour recurrence and progression and to avoid the morbidity associated with cystectomy. Intravesical gemcitabine is a promising drug that may add... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627643 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627642&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22259003%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to determine whether ergonomic positioning or equipment is beneficial or harmful for treating carpal tunnel syndrome. PMID: 22259003 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627642 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5627641&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22259004%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is only poor quality evidence from very limited data to suggest that therapeutic ultrasound may be more effective than placebo for either short- or long-term symptom improvement in people with CTS. There is insufficient evidence to support the greater benefit of one type of therapeutic ultrasound regimen over another or to support the use of therapeutic ultrasound as a treatment with greater efficacy compared to other non-surgical interventions for CTS, such as splinting, exercises, and oral drugs. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of this intervention for CTS. PMID: 22259004 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5627641 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 08:18:08 +0100 5627641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519356&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161360%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Caesarean section for the birth of a second twin not presenting cephalically is associated with increased maternal febrile morbidity with, as yet, no identified improvement in neonatal outcome. This policy should not be adopted except within the context of further controlled trials. PMID: 22161360 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519356 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519355&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161361%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: From the evidence available, the routine use of traction (either skin or skeletal) prior to surgery for a hip fracture does not appear to have any benefit. However, the evidence is also insufficient to rule out the potential advantages for traction, in particular for specific fracture types, or to confirm additional complications due to traction use.Given the increasing lack of evidence for the use of pre-operative traction, the onus should now be on clinicians who persist in using pre-operative traction to either stop using it or to use it only in the context of a well-designed randomised controlled trial. PMID: 22161361 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519355 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519354&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161362%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia appears to be effective in reducing pain during labour. However, women who use this form of pain relief are at increased risk of having an instrumental delivery. Epidural analgesia had no statistically significant impact on the risk of caesarean section, maternal satisfaction with pain relief and long-term backache and did not appear to have an immediate effect on neonatal status as determined by Apgar scores. Further research may be helpful to evaluate rare but potentially severe adverse effects of epidural analgesia on women in labour and long-term neonatal outcomes. PMID: 22161362 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519354 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519353&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161363%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the RCTS have not shown beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of term infants. The beneficial effects on visual acuity have not been consistently demonstrated. Routine supplementation of term infant milk formula with LCPUFA can not be recommended. PMID: 22161363 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519353 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519352&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161364%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose regimen of antibiotics may be less effective than the seven-day regimen. Women with asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy should be treated by the standard regimen of antibiotics until more data become available testing seven-day compared with three- or five-day regimens. PMID: 22161364 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519352 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519351&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161365%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results are encouraging but are limited by the sparse data and unclear methodological robustness, therefore further evidence is required before amnioinfusion for PPROM can be recommended for routine clinical practice. PMID: 22161365 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519351 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519350&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161366%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There are no data to support routine administration of furosemide in preterm infants with RDS. Elective administration of furosemide to any patient with RDS should be carefully weighed against the risk of precipitating hypovolemia or developing a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. There are not enough data to support routine administration of low-dose theophylline in preterm infants with RDS. PMID: 22161366 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519350 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519349&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161367%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We found strong evidence to support beneficial effects of child obesity prevention programmes on BMI, particularly for programmes targeted to children aged six to 12 years. However, given the unexplained heterogeneity and the likelihood of small study bias, these findings must be interpreted cautiously. A broad range of programme components were used in these studies and whilst it is not possible to distinguish which of these components contributed most to the beneficial effects observed, our synthesis indicates the following to be promising policies and strategies:·         school curriculum that includes healthy eating, physical activity and body image·         increased sessions for physical activity and the development of fundamental movement skills thr... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519349 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519348&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161368%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence of improved respiratory function after six months of azithromycin. Data beyond six months were less clear, although reduction in pulmonary exacerbation was sustained. Treatment appeared safe over a six-month period; however, emergence of macrolide resistance was a concern. A multi-centre trial examining long-term effects of this antibiotic treatment is needed, especially for infants recognised through newborn screening. PMID: 22161368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519348 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519347&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161369%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A single RCT showed that the combination of horizontal and vertical eyelid tightening with everting sutures and lateral tarsal strip is highly efficient for entropion compared to vertical tightening with everting sutures alone. Retrospective case series studies also support the combined surgical repair but details from these studies on specific surgical techniques cannot be included in the analysis.Evidence from a single RCT is unlikely to change clinical practice and thus it is still our view that there is a clear need for more randomised studies comparing two or more surgical techniques for entropion surgery addressing the recurrence and complications rate. PMID: 22161369 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519347 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519346&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161370%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that biofeedback training adds any benefit to conventional treatment in the management of functional faecal incontinence in children. There was not enough evidence on which to assess the effects of biofeedback for the management of organic faecal incontinence. There is some evidence that behavioural interventions plus laxative therapy, rather than laxative therapy alone, improves continence in children with functional faecal incontinence associated with constipation. PMID: 22161370 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519346 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519345&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161371%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: At the current stage of evidence data do not support the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of cocaine abuse/dependence. Partially positive results obtained on secondary outcome measures, such as depression severity, do not seem to be associated with an effect on direct indicators of cocaine abuse/dependence. Antidepressants cannot be considered a mainstay of treatment for unselected cocaine abusers/dependents. PMID: 22161371 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519345 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519344&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161372%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of naftidrofuryl is well-tolerated by patients with dementia.The low-quality evidence shows that, by use of naftidrofuryl, people with dementia may benefit on performance, behaviour, cognition, and mood. However, the benefit on global impression is inconsistent and unconvincing. PMID: 22161372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519344 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519343&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161373%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Parent training may have a positive effect on the behaviour of children with ADHD. It may also reduce parental stress and enhance parental confidence. However, the poor methodological quality of the included studies increases the risk of bias in the results. Data concerning ADHD-specific behaviour are ambiguous. For many important outcomes, including school achievement and adverse effects, data are lacking.Evidence from this review is not strong enough to form a basis for clinical practice guidelines. Future research should ensure better reporting of the study procedures and results. PMID: 22161373 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519343 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519342&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161374%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence to suggest suctioning without disconnection from the ventilator improves the short term outcomes; however the evidence is not strong enough to recommend this practice as the only method of endotracheal suctioning. Future research utilising larger trials needs to address the implications of the different techniques on ventilator associated pneumonia, pulmonary morbidities and neurodevelopment. Infants less than 28 weeks also need to be included in the trials. PMID: 22161374 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519342 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519341&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161375%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Antiplatelet therapy with ASA for primary prevention in patients with elevated blood pressure provides a benefit, reduction in myocardial infarction, which is negated by a harm of similar magnitude, increase in major haemorrhage.The benefit of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention in patients with elevated blood pressure is many times greater than the harm.Benefit has not been demonstrated for warfarin therapy alone or in combination with aspirin in patients with elevated blood pressure. Ticlopidine, clopidogrel and newer antiplatelet agents such as prasugrel and ticagrelor have not been sufficiently evaluated in patients with high blood pressure. Newer antithrombotic oral drugs such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and endosaban are yet to be tested in patients wi... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519341 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519340&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161376%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support the use of dopamine agonists for treating cocaine dependence. This absence of evidence may leave to clinicians the alternative of balancing the possible benefits against the potential adverse effects of the treatment. Even the potential benefit of combining a dopamine agonist with a more potent psychosocial intervention which was suggested by the previous Cochrane review (Soares 2003), is not supported by the results of this updated review. PMID: 22161376 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519340 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519339&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161377%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence from this review that targeted and universal depression prevention programmes may prevent the onset of depressive disorders compared with no intervention. However, allocation concealment is unclear in most studies, and there is heterogeneity in the findings. The persistence of findings suggests that this is real and not a placebo effect.  PMID: 22161377 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519339 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519338&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161378%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests an added value of heroin prescribed alongside flexible doses of methadone for long-term, treatment refractory, opioid users, to reach a decrease in the use of illicit substances, involvement in criminal activity and incarceration, a possible reduction in mortaliity; and an increase in retention in treatment. Due to the higher rate of serious adverse events, heroin prescription should remain a treatment for people who are currently or have in the past failed maintenance treatment, and it should be provided in clinical settings where proper follow-up is ensured. PMID: 22161378 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519338 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519337&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161379%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Hydrocortisone may be as effective as dopamine when used as a primary treatment for hypotension. But the long term safety data on the use of hydrocortisone in this manner is unknown.Steroids are effective in treatment of refractory hypotension in preterm infants without an increase in short term adverse consequences. However, long term safety or benefit data is lacking. With long term benefit or safety data lacking steroids cannot be recommended routinely for the treatment of hypotension in preterm infants. PMID: 22161379 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519337 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519336&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161380%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that auditory integration therapy or other sound therapies are effective as treatments for autism spectrum disorders. As synthesis of existing data has been limited by the disparate outcome measures used between studies, there is not sufficient evidence to prove that this treatment is not effective. However, of the seven studies including 182 participants that have been reported to date, only two (with an author in common), involving a total of 35 participants, report statistically significant improvements in the auditory intergration therapy group and for only two outcome measures (Aberrant Behaviour Checklist and Fisher's Auditory Problems Checklist). As such, there is no evidence to support the use of auditory integration therapy at this time. PMID:... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519336 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519335&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161381%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In people with cholera, ORS ≤ 270 is associated with biochemical hyponatraemia when compared with ORS ≥ 310, but there are no differences in terms of other outcomes. Although this risk does not appear to be associated with any serious consequences, the total patient experience in existing trials is small. Under wider practice conditions, especially where patient monitoring is difficult, caution is warranted. PMID: 22161381 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519335 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519334&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161382%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is now some evidence available indicating a positive effect of PFMT for prolapse symptoms and severity. The largest most rigorous trial to date suggests that six months of supervised PFMT has benefits in terms of anatomical and symptom improvement (if symptomatic) immediately post-intervention. Further evidence relating to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PFMT, of different intensities, for symptomatic prolapse in the medium and long term is needed. A large trial of PFMT supplementing surgery is needed to give clear evidence about the usefulness of combining these treatments. Other comparisons which have not been addressed in trials to date and warrant consideration include those involving lifestyle change interventions, and trials aimed at prolapse prevention. ... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519334 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519333&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161383%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy as an addition to standard care helps people with schizophrenia to improve their global state, mental state (including negative symptoms) and social functioning if a sufficient number of music therapy sessions are provided by qualified music therapists. Further research should especially address the long-term effects of music therapy, dose-response relationships, as well as the relevance of outcomes measures in relation to music therapy. PMID: 22161383 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519333 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519332&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161384%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Caring for people in acute day hospitals is as effective as inpatient care in treating acutely ill psychiatric patients. However, further data are still needed on the cost effectiveness of day hospitals. PMID: 22161384 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519332 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519331&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161385%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Statistical imprecision in the effect estimates for exacerbations and serious adverse events do not enable us to conclude that either therapy is superior. The uncertainty around the effect estimates justify further trials to provide more definitive conclusions; the overall quality of evidence based on GRADE recommendations for the three primary outcomes and withdrawals due to serious adverse events was moderate. We rated the quality of evidence for mortality to be low. Results for lung function outcomes showed that the drugs were sufficiently similar that further research is unlikely to change the effects. No trials were identified in the under-12s and research in this population is a high priority. Evaluation of quality of life is a priority for future research. PMID: 221... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519331 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519330&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161386%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Despite a comprehensive search no evidence from randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials was found. It was not possible to draw any conclusions regarding the use of different types of catheter in managing the neurogenic bladder. PMID: 22161386 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519330 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519329&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161387%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there are insufficient trials of adequate methodological quality on oxcarbazepine in the acute treatment of bipolar disorder to inform us on its efficacy and acceptability. Studies predominantly examine the treatment of mania: there are data from subgroup analysis on mixed affective, hypomania and rapid-cycling states.From the few studies included in this review, oxcarbazepine did not differ in efficacy compared to placebo in children and adolescents. It did not differ from other active agents in adults. It may have a poorer tolerability profile compared to placebo. No data were found on outcomes relevant to patients and clinicians, such as length of hospital admission.  There is a need for adequately powered randomised controlled trials of good methodological qual... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519329 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519328&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161388%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The most likely effective treatment to slow myopia progression thus far is anti-muscarinic topical medication. However, side effects of these medications include light sensitivity and near blur. Also, they are not yet commercially available, so their use is limited and not practical. Further information is required for other methods of myopia control, such as the use of corneal reshaping contact lenses or bifocal soft contact lenses (BSCLs) with a distance center are promising, but currently no published randomized clinical trials exist. PMID: 22161388 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519328 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519327&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161389%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is an insufficient methodologically rigorous evidence base to draw any conclusions regarding the use of tiagabine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. There is a need for randomised controlled trials examining the therapeutic potential of this agent in bipolar disorder. There have been some reports of syncope or seizures, or both, when tiagabine has been used for the acute treatment of mania. It needs to be established if such adverse effects occur in the maintenance phase as well. PMID: 22161389 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519327 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519326&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161390%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There was weak evidence to support the use of hypnosis, psychotherapy, acupuncture, chiropractic and medicinal herbs but it was provided in each case by single small trials, some of dubious methodological rigour. Robust randomised trials are required with efficacy, cost-effectiveness and adverse effects clearly reported. PMID: 22161390 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519326 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519325&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161391%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Workplace interventions to prevent HIV are feasible. There is moderate quality evidence that VCT offered at the work site increases the uptake of testing. Even though this did no lower HIV-incidence, there was a decrease in self-reported sexual transmitted diseases and a decrease in risky sexual behaviour. There is low quality evidence that educational interventions decrease sexually transmitted diseases, unprotected sex and sex with commercial sex workers but not sex with multiple partners and the use of alcohol before sex.More and better randomised trials are needed directed at high risk groups such as truck drivers or workers in areas with a very high HIV prevalence such as Southern Africa. Risky sexual behaviour should be measured in a standardised way. PMID: 22161391 ... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519325 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519324&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161392%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical botulinum toxin appears to be an effective therapy for refractory OAB symptoms, but as yet little controlled trial data exist on benefits and safety compared with other interventions, or with placebo. Further robust data are required on long term outcomes, safety, and optimal dose of botulinum toxin for OAB. PMID: 22161392 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519324 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519323&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161393%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The data from this review suggest that the use of progestogens is effective in the treatment of threatened miscarriage with no evidence of increased rates of pregnancy-induced hypertension or antepartum haemorrhage as harmful effects to the mother, nor increased occurrence of congenital abnormalities on the newborn. However, the analysis was limited by the small number and the poor methodological quality of eligible studies (four studies) and the small number of the participants (421), which limit the power of the meta-analysis and hence of this conclusion. PMID: 22161393 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519323 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519322&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161394%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Interferon alpha does not seem to cure hepatitis D in most patients. The agent seems effective in suppressing viral and liver disease activity in some patients, but this improvement is not sustained in the majority of patients. We cannot exclude overestimation of benefits and underestimation of harms due to high risk of bias (systematic errors) and high risk play of chance (random errors). Therefore, more randomised trials with large sample sizes and less risk of bias are needed before interferon can be recommended or refuted. PMID: 22161394 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519322 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519321&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161395%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety appears to be reduced by playing music during colposcopy. Although information leaflets did not reduce anxiety levels, they did increase knowledge levels and are therefore useful in obtaining clinical consent to the colposcopic procedure. Leaflets also contributed to improved patient quality of life by reducing psychosexual dysfunction. PMID: 22161395 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519321 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519320&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161396%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ESWL, ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stones achieves a greater stone-free state, but with a higher complication rate and longer hospital stay. PMID: 22161396 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519320 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519319&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161397%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence from randomised controlled trials for the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV infection among sex workers and their clients in high-income countries. Further randomised controlled trials are very likely to have important impacts on our confidence in the estimates of the effects, and are likely to change the estimates for effective interventions with outcomes of HIV incidence or prevalence and a variety of different settings among sex workers and their clients in high-income countries. Randomised controlled trials that test for the identification of effective interventions for HIV prevention with outcomes of biological endpoints, such as HIV incidence or prevalence, are needed for these neglected populations. Mo... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519319 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519318&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161398%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The most suitable method for milk expression may depend on the time since birth, purpose of expression and the individual mother and infant. Low cost interventions including early initiation when not feeding at the breast, relaxation, hand expression and lower cost pumps may be as effective, or more effective, than large electric pumps for some outcomes. Small sample sizes, large standard deviations, small number of studies reviewed, and the diversity of the interventions argue caution in applying these results beyond the specific method tested in the specific settings. PMID: 22161398 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519318 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519316&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161399%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: No drug treatment for SMA type I has been proven to have significant efficacy. PMID: 22161399 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519316 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519315&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161400%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no proven efficacious drug treatment for SMA types II and III. PMID: 22161400 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519315 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519314&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161401%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no high quality evidence to support significant benefit or harm from any physical therapy for idiopathic facial paralysis. There is low quality evidence that tailored facial exercises can help to improve facial function, mainly for people with moderate paralysis and chronic cases. There is low quality evidence that facial exercise reduces sequelae in acute cases. The suggested effects of tailored facial exercises need to be confirmed with good quality randomised controlled trials. PMID: 22161401 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519314 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519313&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161402%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of research evaluating the effects on MRSA transmission of infection prevention and control strategies in nursing homes. Rigorous studies should be conducted in nursing homes, to test interventions that have been specifically designed for this unique environment. PMID: 22161402 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519313 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519312&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161403%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The short- and long-term effectiveness of opioids, NMDA receptor antagonists, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, calcitonins, and anaesthetics for clinically relevant outcomes that include pain, function, mood, sleep, quality of life, satisfaction and adverse effects remains unclear. Morphine, gabapentin and ketamine demonstrate trends towards short-term analgesic efficacy. Memantine and amitriptyline were ineffective for PLP. Results, however, are to be interpreted with caution as these were based mostly on a small number of studies with limited sample sizes that varied considerably and also lacked long-term efficacy and safety outcomes. The direction of efficacy of calcitonin, anaesthetics and dextromethorphan need further clarification. Larger and more rigorous randomised co... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519312 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519311&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161404%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to fully assess the benefits or harms of supplementation or to determine the impact from timing and type of supplementation .We found no benefit to newborn infants and possible negative effects on the duration of breastfeeding from the brief use of additional water or glucose water. For infants at four to six months, we found no benefit from additional foods nor any risks related to morbidity or weight change. Future studies should examine the longer term effects on infants and mothers, though randomising infants to receive supplements without medical need may be considered unethical.We found no evidence for disagreement with the recommendation of international health associations that exclusive breastfeeding should be recommended for healthy infants for the fir... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519311 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519310&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161405%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Some statistically significant and possibly clinically meaningful differences between mirtazapine and other antidepressive agents were found for the acute-phase treatment of major depression. Mirtazapine is likely to have a faster onset of action than SSRIs during the acute-phase treatment. Dropouts occur similarly in participants treated with mirtazapine and those treated with other antidepressants, although the adverse event profile of mirtazapine is unique. PMID: 22161405 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519310 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519309&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161406%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of robust evidence to guide clinical advice regarding the method of birth for twin pregnancies. Women should be informed of possible benefits and risks of either approach, including short-term and long-term consequences for both mother and babies. Future research should aim to provide unbiased evidence, including long-term outcomes. PMID: 22161406 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519309 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519308&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161407%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The use of warm compresses on the perineum is associated with a decreased occurrence of perineal trauma. The procedure has shown to be acceptable to women and midwives. This procedure may therefore be offered to women. PMID: 22161407 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519308 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519307&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161408%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to commonly held beliefs, the available low to moderate quality evidence suggests that both attribute and goal framing may have little if any consistent effect on health consumers' behaviour. The unexplained heterogeneity between studies suggests the possibility of a framing effect under specific conditions. Future research needs to investigate these conditions. PMID: 22161408 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519307 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519306&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161409%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Placebo-controlled trials have established the benefits of both long-acting beta-agonist and inhaled corticosteroid therapy for COPD patients as individual therapies. This review, which included trials allowing comparisons between LABA and ICS, has shown that the two therapies confer similar benefits across the majority of outcomes, including the frequency of exacerbations and mortality. Use of long-acting beta-agonists appears to confer a small additional benefit in terms of improvements in lung function compared to inhaled corticosteroids. On the other hand, inhaled corticosteroid therapy shows a small advantage over long-acting beta-agonist therapy in terms of health-related quality of life, but inhaled corticosteroids also increase the risk of pneumonia. This review suppor... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519306 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519305&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161410%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The risk of bias in the included trials was moderate and the sample was small. Hence, although the data in this review show an effective treatment trend of edaravone for acute ischaemic stroke, further large, high-quality trials are required to confirm this trend. PMID: 22161410 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519305 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519304&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161411%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant RT after RP improves overall survival and reduces the rate of distant metastases, but these effects are only evident with longer follow up. At 5 and 10 years it improves local control and reduces the risk of biochemical failure, although the latter is not a clinical endpoint. Moderate or severe acute and late toxicity is minimal. There is an increased risk of urinary stricture and incontinence, but no detriment to quality of life, based on limited data. Given that the majority of men who have undergone a RP have a longer life expectancy, radiotherapy should be considered for those with high-risk features following radical prostatectomy. The optimal timing is unclear. PMID: 22161411 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519304 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519303&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161412%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Given the relatively small number of patients in the pooled analysis, the small number of events and the high risk and unclear risk of bias in the included studies, there is insufficient evidence to make conclusions about the efficacy of probiotics for maintenance of remission in UC. There is a lack of well-designed RCTs in this area and further research is needed. PMID: 22161412 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519303 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519302&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161413%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: NO donors are superior to placebo or no treatment, but inferior to prostaglandins for first-trimester cervical ripening, and associated with more side effects. PMID: 22161413 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519302 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519299&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161414%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that the use of fluoride supplements is associated with a reduction in caries increment when compared with no fluoride supplement in permanent teeth. The effect of fluoride supplements was unclear on deciduous teeth. When compared with the administration of topical fluorides, no differential effect was observed. We rated 10 trials as being at unclear risk of bias and one at high risk of bias, and therefore the trials provide weak evidence about the efficacy of fluoride supplements. PMID: 22161414 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519299 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519298&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161415%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A single study showed that the transantral approach for orbital decompression was related to more complications than the endoscopic transnasal technique which is preferred by Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgeons, usually as an adjunctive procedure. Intravenous steroids were reported in a single trial to be the most efficient intervention for dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The majority of published literature on orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease consists of retrospective, cohort, or case series studies. Although these provide useful descriptive information, clarification is required to show the relative effectiveness of each intervention for various indications.The two RCTs reviewed are not robust enough to provide credible evidence to our understanding of current deco... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519298 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519297&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161416%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from non-randomised studies using small numbers of patients suggest that it would be safe and worthwhile for larger controlled trials of aerobic training to be undertaken in people with McArdle disease. PMID: 22161416 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519297 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519296&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161417%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: LED light source phototherapy is efficacious in bringing down levels of serum total bilirubin at rates that are similar to phototherapy with conventional (compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or halogen) light sources. Further studies are warranted for evaluating efficacy of LED phototherapy in neonates with haemolytic jaundice or in the presence of severe hyperbilirubinaemia (STB ≥ 20 mg/dL). PMID: 22161417 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519296 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519295&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161418%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that oral corticosteroids as an adjunctive therapy to oral antibiotics are effective for short-term relief of symptoms in acute sinusitis. However, data are limited and there is a significant risk of bias. High quality trials assessing the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids both as an adjuvant and a monotherapy in primary care patients with acute sinusitis should be initiated. PMID: 22161418 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519295 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519294&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161419%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review does not provide evidence of the effectiveness of home-based interventions that are specifically targeted at improving developmental outcomes for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families. Future studies should endeavour to better document and report their methodological processes. PMID: 22161419 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519294 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519293&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161420%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Coenzyme Q10 therapy with 1200 mg/d for 16 months was well tolerated by patients with Parkinson's disease. The improvements in ADL UPDRS and Schwab and England were positive, but it need to be further confirmed by larger sample. For total and other subscores of UPDRS, the effects of coenzyme Q10 seemed to be less clear. PMID: 22161420 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519293 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519292&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161421%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence showed that rosuvastatin was associated with a reduced incidence of VTE, but the evidence was limited to a single RCT. Randomised controlled trials of statins (including rosuvastatin) are needed to evaluate the efficacy of statins in the prevention of VTE. PMID: 22161421 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519292 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519291&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161422%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The review suggests that there is little evidence to support or refute social skills training for adolescents with ADHD. There is need for more trials, with low risk of bias and with a sufficient number of participants, investigating the efficacy of social skills training versus no training for both children and adolescents. PMID: 22161422 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519291 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519290&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161423%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence from which to draw firm conclusions about the impact of postoperative face-down positioning on the outcome of surgery for macular hole. Of three RCTs, two suggested a benefit in larger holes but none demonstrated evidence of a benefit in smaller holes.CONSORT adherent RCTs and large scale, well designed non-randomised observational studies are needed to determine with confidence the value of this intervention. PMID: 22161423 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519290 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519289&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161424%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The current limited evidence demonstrates the efficacy of clobetasol propionate, mometasone furoate, and pimecrolimus in treating genital lichen sclerosus. Further RCTs are needed to determine the optimal potency and regimen of topical corticosteroids, examine other topical interventions, assess the duration of remission or prevention of flares, evaluate the reduction in the risk of genital squamous cell carcinoma or genital intraepithelial neoplasia, and examine the efficacy in improving the quality of the sex lives of people with this condition. PMID: 22161424 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519289 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519288&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161425%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This review has demonstrated the feasibility and some potential benefits of orientation interventions. There was a low level of evidence suggesting that orientation interventions can reduce distress in patients. However, most of the other outcomes remain inconclusive (patient knowledge recall/ satisfaction). The majority of studies were subject to high risk of bias, and were likely to be insufficiently powered. Further well conducted and powered RCTs are required to provide evidence for determining the most appropriate intensity, nature, mode and resources for such interventions. Patient and carer-focused outcomes should be included. PMID: 22161425 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519288 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519287&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161426%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Although there were significant glucose-lowering effects with the use of some herbal mixtures, due to methodological deficiencies and small sample sizes we are unable to draw any definite conclusions regarding their efficacy. Though no significant adverse events were reported, there is insufficient evidence at present to recommend the use of these interventions in routine clinical practice and further studies are needed. PMID: 22161426 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519287 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519286&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161427%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The data from the published trials suggest that there is insufficient evidence to support this treatment. These results were based on only two trials which had a very small number of participants. Therefore evidence from larger randomised controlled trials is needed in order to provide adequate statistical power to assess the role of intramuscular mononuclear cell implantation in patients with CLI. PMID: 22161427 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519286 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519285&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161428%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no convincing evidence to support the use of either atorvastatin or simvastatin as an adjunctive therapy in MS. PMID: 22161428 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519285 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519284&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161429%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Based on current evidence from small pilot trials, there are too few data to be able to say whether remote ischaemic preconditioning has any beneficial or harmful effects. The safety of this technique needs to be confirmed in adequately powered trials. Therefore, further randomised trials on this technique are required. PMID: 22161429 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519284 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519283&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161430%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Based on one small study judged to be of moderate risk of bias, we tentatively conclude that CAHTS may be well received by study participants and potentially offer time saving in practice. However, more robust studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these. We cannot draw on any conclusions in relation to any other clinical outcomes at this stage. PMID: 22161430 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519283 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519282&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161431%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to develop an evidence base to support the effective development and use of computer-assisted history taking systems in this area of practice. In the absence of evidence on effectiveness, the implementation of computer-assisted family history taking for identifying people with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes may only rely on the clinicians' tacit knowledge, published monographs and viewpoint articles. PMID: 22161431 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519282 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519281&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161432%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no randomised trial evidence currently available. Further randomised trials are required to accurately assess whether the improvement in detection shown is secondary to customised charts alone or an effect of the policy change. Future research in large trials is needed to investigate the benefits and harms (including perinatal mortality) of using customised growth charts in different settings and for both fundal height and ultrasound measurements. PMID: 22161432 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519281 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519280&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161433%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for the effectiveness of SGAs is limited to one small trial of fluoxetine compared with placebo, which shows a non-significant effect in favour of fluoxetine, and two small trials comparing fluoxetine against light therapy, which suggest equivalence between the two interventions. The lack of available evidence precludes the ability to draw any overall conclusions on the use of SGAs for SAD. Further larger RCTs are required to expand and strengthen the evidence base on this topic, and should also include comparisons with psychotherapy and other SGAs.Data on adverse events were sparse, and a comparative analysis was not possible. Therefore the data we obtained on adverse effects is not robust and our confidence in the data is limited. Overall, up to 27% of participants ... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519280 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519279&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161434%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: DSE may perform better than MPS but additional studies directly comparing these cardiac screening tests are needed. Absence of significant CAD may not necessarily correlate with cardiac-event free survival following transplantation. Further research should focus on assessing the ability of functional tests to predict postoperative outcome. PMID: 22161434 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519279 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519278&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161435%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: No evidence from randomised trials on the beneficial or harmful effects of lamivudine with or without adefovir dipivoxil for postoperative HCC was found. Randomised clinical trials with large number of participants and long follow-up period should be carried out to direct clinical practice. PMID: 22161435 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519278 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519277&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161436%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: At least in the short term, documentation of tobacco status and increased referral to cessation counseling do appear to increase following the introduction of an expectation to use the EHR to record and treat patient tobacco use at medical visits. There is a need for additional research to further understand the effect of EHRs on smoking treatment in healthcare settings. PMID: 22161436 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519277 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519276&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161437%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The evidence did not suggest superior efficacy or patient satisfaction for any one sclerosing agent used in the treatment of telangiectasias of the lower limbs, but the agents studied showed superiority to a normal saline placebo. However, the amount of available evidence in this field is small and the overall methodological quality of the research was poor, as was the quality of reporting. More research is needed to determine the optimal agent(s) and the ideal dosing to achieve the best results and maximize patient satisfaction. Future research efforts should incorporate more demographic data and symptom measures to allow for comparison with findings from observational studies, thereby aiding assessment of how various risk groups respond to treatment. PMID: 22161437 [PubM... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519276 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519275&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161438%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence from twelve studies that flossing in addition to toothbrushing reduces gingivitis compared to toothbrushing alone. There is weak, very unreliable evidence from 10 studies that flossing plus toothbrushing may be associated with a small reduction in plaque at 1 and 3 months. No studies reported the effectiveness of flossing plus toothbrushing for preventing dental caries. PMID: 22161438 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519275 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519274&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161439%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to guide the treatment of anxiety after stroke. The data available suggest that pharmaceutical therapy (paroxetine and buspirone) may be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in stroke patients with co-morbid anxiety and depression. No information was available for stroke patients with anxiety only. Randomised placebo controlled trials are needed. PMID: 22161439 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519274 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519273&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161440%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We did not find strong evidence that education reduced all cause mortality, cardiac morbidity, revascularisation or hospitalisation compared to control. There was some evidence to suggest that education may improve HRQofL and reduce overall healthcare costs. Whilst our findings are generally supportive of current guidelines that CR should include not only exercise and psychological interventions, further research into education is needed. PMID: 22161440 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519273 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519272&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161441%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Eslicarbazepine acetate reduces seizure frequency when used as an add-on treatment for people with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. The trials included in this review were of short-term duration and focused on adults. PMID: 22161441 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519272 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519271&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161442%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: There is no strong evidence from this review that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth. OGT spray is more effective than an aqueous electrolyte spray (SMD 0.77, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.15) which is approximately equivalent to a mean difference of 2 points on a 10-point VAS scale for mouth dryness. Chewing gums appear to increase saliva production in those with residual secretory capacity and may be preferred by patients, but there is no evidence that gum is better or worse than saliva substitutes. Integrated mouthcare systems and oral reservoir devices may be helpful but further research is required to confirm this. Well designed, adequately powered randomised controlled trials of topical interventions for dry mouth, which are designed and reported ... Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519271 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519270&cid=s_38107_22_f&fid=38107&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22161443%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Aprotinin, recombinant factor VIIa, and thromboelastography groups may potentially reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements. However, risks of systematic errors (bias) and risks of random errors (play of chance) hamper the confidence in this conclusion. We need further well-designed randomised trials with low risk of systematic error and low risk of random errors before these interventions can be supported or refuted. PMID: 22161443 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519270 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 01:00:04 +0100 5519270