MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cognitive Processing' source. Tue, 16 Mar 2010 18:17:28 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362821&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20221668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20221668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362821 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362820&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20221669%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosca EC The present paper describes a case of a patient with severe Wernicke aphasia, which when tested with a number processing and calculation battery adapted to his difficulties showed remarkable arithmetic skills. These findings suggest that the patients with severe cognitive impairments (e.g., aphasia, apraxia) should be tested with batteries adapted to their disturbances because using a standard test may bias the results. PMID: 20221669 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362820 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3164591&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20063042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20063042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3164591 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3164591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3135931&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20043186%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bosco A, Lancioni GE, Olivetti Belardinelli M, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J Media reports on the case of Rom Houben have constituted a new reminder of the risks of misdiagnosis with cases with apparent vegetative state, particularly when following the clinical consensus of the care team as diagnostic criterion. Systematic use of behavioral and non-behavioral assessment strategies (e.g., behavioral scales, event-related potentials, and neuro-imaging) may help reduce the aforementioned risks. A new learning assessment strategy could also be considered part of the assessment to extend the evaluation process. Signs of learning might be viewed as forms of concrete knowledge representing a basic level of non-reflective consciousness. PMID: 20043186 [PubMed - as supplied by ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3135931 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3135931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3135930&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20043187%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pazzaglia F, Meneghetti C, De Beni R, Gyselinck V PMID: 20043187 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3135930 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3135930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3135932&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20041276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raffone A, Srinivasan N Many recent behavioral and neuroscientific studies have revealed the importance of investigating meditation states and traits to achieve an increased understanding of cognitive and affective neuroplasticity, attention and self-awareness, as well as for their increasingly recognized clinical relevance. The investigation of states and traits related to meditation has especially pronounced implications for the neuroscience of attention, consciousness, self-awareness, empathy and theory of mind. In this article we present the main features of meditation-based mental training and characterize the current scientific approach to meditation states and traits with special reference to attention and consciousness, in light of the articles contributed to this issu... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3135932 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3135932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3034121&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19937086%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examine visual re-orientation behaviour in 18 subjects using eye-tracker data in a model comprised of selective image manipulation of everyday objects in a box trainer. We characterise effective behaviour using a fixation sequence similarity-based hidden Markov model. We show that the output of this algorithm is reliable in differentiating visual behavioural sequences, and that there are specific behavioural patterns and strategies associated with successful re-orientation in this model. Good re-orientation strategy appears to rely on identification and focus on a central object within the scene and judging position of its surrounding peripheral objects, suggesting integration of both geometric and feature information in a systematic way. Using selective, inconsistent fea... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3034121 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3034121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3003281&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19916035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Merlo S, Barbosa PA The aim of this paper is to test if hesitation phenomena are periodically distributed in spoken language production. Twenty semi-spontaneous descriptions and narratives produced by five healthy male adults were examined in a multiple case study design. Speech was sampled at a 200 ms rate for time series generation. Fourier analysis indicated that all time series were statistically stationary, which means that speech did not become more or less fluent along each sample. Fourier analysis identified periodic cycles of hesitations in all speech samples. Therefore, hesitations were not randomly distributed in speech production; intervals with more occurrences of hesitations regularly alternated with intervals with fewer occurrences. Thus, hesitations behaved as ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3003281 Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3003281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3003280&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19916036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stefano F, Borsci S, Stamerra G A verbal protocol technique, adopted for a web usability evaluation, requires that the users are able to perform a double task: surfing and talking. Nevertheless, when blind users surf by using a screen reader and talk about the way they interact with the computer, the evaluation is influenced by a structural interference: users are forced to think aloud and listen to the screen reader at the same time. The aim of this study is to build up a verbal protocol technique for samples of visual impaired users in order to overcome the limits of concurrent and retrospective protocols. The technique we improved, called partial concurrent thinking aloud (PCTA), integrates a modified set of concurrent verbalization and retrospective analysis. One group of ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3003280 Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3003280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3003279&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19916037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sasso G Drawing from Freud's Project, the author proposes a model of cerebral development whose sensory-motor structure is defined by a frontal-occipital oscillatory dynamic with a twofold function: the oscillation explains the formation and maintenance of mother-infant attunement in cerebral growth, while, at the same time, also explaining the functioning of the projective-introjective dynamic at the basis of psychoanalytic theory. The oscillatory dynamic, according to this perspective, operates as a "bridge" between two seminal theoretical models of developments-the psychoanalytic and the infant research model-which, in turn, leads to the formulation of some neurological hypotheses on how oscillation regulates the elaboration of maternal interaction in the infant's brain, an... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3003279 Sun, 15 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3003279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3003282&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19915880%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Travis F The work at the Center for Brain, Consciousness and Cognition is summarized. PMID: 19915880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3003282 Sat, 14 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3003282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985545&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19902283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Funke J Complex problem solving (CPS) emerged in the last 30 years in Europe as a new part of the psychology of thinking and problem solving. This paper introduces into the field and provides a personal view. Also, related concepts like macrocognition or operative intelligence will be explained in this context. Two examples for the assessment of CPS, Tailorshop and MicroDYN, are presented to illustrate the concept by means of their measurement devices. Also, the relation of complex cognition and emotion in the CPS context is discussed. The question if CPS requires complex cognition is answered with a tentative "yes." PMID: 19902283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985545 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2985545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985544&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19902284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ragni M, Löffler CM Attacks on classic complex problem solving focus on both their ecological validity and the difficulty to analyze such a complex interplay of system variables. But we argue that the domain of travel planning is in some sense a much more "natural" domain and at least partially able to deal with this kind of criticism. We first review the main existing scenarios and paradigms like Lohhausen, Tailorshop, and Moro and compare them to what we call the TRAVELPLAN problem. This problem contains a number of computationally well-investigated problems, which are worked out and can be described by so-called constrained satisfaction problems. The formal investigations have led to the development of a computational architecture which is able to deal with these kinds... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985544 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2985544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968378&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890669%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marewski JN, Gaissmaier W, Gigerenzer G In their comment on Marewski et al. (good judgments do not require complex cognition, 2009) Evans and Over (heuristic thinking and human intelligence: a commentary on Marewski, Gaissmaier and Gigerenzer, 2009) conjectured that heuristics can often lead to biases and are not error free. This is a most surprising critique. The computational models of heuristics we have tested allow for quantitative predictions of how many errors a given heuristic will make, and we and others have measured the amount of error by analysis, computer simulation, and experiment. This is clear progress over simply giving heuristics labels, such as availability, that do not allow for quantitative comparisons of errors. Evans and Over argue that the reason people ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968378 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2948581&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19876663%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bærentsen KB, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Sommerlund B, Hartmann T, Damsgaard-Madsen J, Fosnæs M, Green AC Meditation is an ancient spiritual practice, which aims to still the fluctuations of the mind. We investigated meditation with fMRI in order to identify and characterise both the "neural switch" mechanism used in the voluntary shift from normal consciousness to meditation and the "threshold regulation mechanism" sustaining the meditative state. Thirty-one individuals with 1.5-25 years experience in meditation were scanned using a blocked on-off design with 45 s alternating epochs during the onset of respectively meditation and normal relaxation. Additionally, 21 subjects were scanned during 14.5 min of sustained meditation. The data were analysed with SPM a... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2948581 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2948581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944489&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19862565%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Travis F, Haaga DA, Hagelin J, Tanner M, Arenander A, Nidich S, Gaylord-King C, Grosswald S, Rainforth M, Schneider RH Activation of a default mode network (DMN) including frontal and parietal midline structures varies with cognitive load, being more active during low-load tasks and less active during high-load tasks requiring executive control. Meditation practices entail various degrees of cognitive control. Thus, DMN activation patterns could give insight into the nature of meditation practices. This 10-week random assignment study compared theta2, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 and gamma EEG coherence, power, and eLORETA cortical sources during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice in 38 male and female college students, average age 23.7 years. Signifi... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944489 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2944489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2935707&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19859755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chin-Parker S, Bradner A Cognitive scientists are interested in explanation because it provides a window into the cognition that underlies one's understanding of the world. We argue that the study of explanation has tended to focus on what makes an explanation "bona fide" as opposed to the processes involved in how the explanation is generated. In the current study, we asked participants to respond to the request for an explanation within a novel domain after we manipulated their initial exposure to the domain, and thus the background of the request. In two experiments, we found evidence that the background shaped participants' interpretations of the prompt for the explanation and that this, in turn, influenced whether they used a causal or functional style of explanation when... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2935707 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2935707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902240&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19834754%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Evans JS, Over DE Marewski, Gaissmaier and Gigerenzer (2009) present a review of research on fast and frugal heuristics, arguing that complex problems are best solved by simple heuristics, rather than the application of knowledge and logical reasoning. We argue that the case for such heuristics is overrated. First, we point out that heuristics can often lead to biases as well as effective responding. Second, we show that the application of logical reasoning can be both necessary and relatively simple. Finally, we argue that the evidence for a logical reasoning system that co-exists with simpler heuristic forms of thinking is overwhelming. Not only is it implausible a priori that we would have evolved such a system that is of no use to us, but extensive evidence from the litera... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902240 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2902240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2839592&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19784854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marewski JN, Gaissmaier W, Gigerenzer G What cognitive capabilities allow Homo sapiens to successfully bet on the stock market, to catch balls in baseball games, to accurately predict the outcomes of political elections, or to correctly decide whether a patient needs to be allocated to the coronary care unit? It is a widespread belief in psychology and beyond that complex judgment tasks require complex solutions. Countering this common intuition, in this article, we argue that in an uncertain world actually the opposite is true: Humans do not need complex cognitive strategies to make good inferences, estimations, and other judgments; rather, it is the very simplicity and robustness of our cognitive repertoire that makes Homo sapiens a capable decision maker. PMID: 19784854... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2839592 Sat, 26 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2839592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810375&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19763648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tagini A, Raffone A The nature of the 'self' and self-referential awareness has been one of the most debated issues in philosophy, psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Understanding the neurocognitive bases of self-related representation and processing is also crucial to research on the neural correlates of consciousness. The distinction between an 'I', corresponding to a subjective sense of the self as a thinker and causal agent, and a 'Me', as the objective sense of the self with the unique and identifiable features constituting one's self-image or self-concept, suggested by William James, has been re-elaborated by authors from different theoretical perspectives. In this article, empirical studies and theories about the 'I' and the 'Me' in cognition and self-related awaren... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810375 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2767815&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19727878%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the role of gender, education (general education and health education) and religious belief (Catholic and non-Catholic) on moral choices by testing 50 men and 50 women with a moral judgment task. Whereas we found no differences between the two genders in utilitarian responses to non-moral dilemmas and to impersonal moral dilemmas, men gave significantly more utilitarian answers to personal moral (PM) dilemmas (i.e., those courses of action whose endorsement involves highly emotional decisions). Cultural factors such as education and religion had no effect on performance in the moral judgment task. These findings suggest that the cognitive-emotional processes involved in evaluating PM dilemmas differ in men and in women, possibly reflecting differences in the ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2767815 Sat, 29 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2767815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2720941&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19693553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bosco A, Lancioni GE, Belardinelli MO, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J A diagnosis of vegetative state represents a serious predicament, which basically precludes/minimizes rehabilitation perspectives. Reliability of the assessment approach in these situations is of paramount importance, but not easy to achieve. In recent studies, a learning assessment procedure has been suggested as a supplement in the diagnostic process and assessed with eight patients. The procedure involves an ABABCB sequence in which A represents baseline phases with no stimulation available, B intervention phases with stimuli delivered contingently on target responses, and C a control condition. This condition involves stimulation presented non-contingently. The patients' ability to associate respondin... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2720941 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2720941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640445&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19626355%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of oscillatory changes during Sahaj Samadhi meditation (a concentrative form of meditation that is part of Sudarshan Kriya yoga). EEG was recorded during Sudarshan Kriya yoga meditation for meditators and relaxation for controls. Spectral and coherence analysis was performed for the whole duration as well as specific blocks extracted from the initial, middle, and end portions of Sahaj Samadhi meditation or relaxation. The generation of distinct meditative states of consciousness was marked by distinct changes in spectral powers especially enhanced theta band activity during deep meditation in the frontal areas. Meditators also exhibited increased theta coherence compared to controls. The emergence of the slow frequency waves in the atten... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640445 Tue, 21 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2615590&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19609786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Senese VP, Sergi I, Iachini T The aim of the present study was to compare the activation levels of true and false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. For this purpose, we used a lexical decision task (LDT) that can be considered a relative pure measure of activation. Participants had to study a list of words that were semantically associated to a critical non-presented word (CI), and afterwards had to classify the actually studied words, the CI and new words in the LDT. Results indicated that the classification latency of the CI was the same as actually studied words and shorter than new words. The results might be interpreted as evidence that the false and true memory items have the same activation level and that the false memory effect can be based on th... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2615590 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2615590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562978&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19568779%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonnardel V, Oakes M, Tait J PMID: 19568779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562978 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562977&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19568780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hünefeldt T, Rossi-Arnaud C, Furia A This research was aimed at learning more about the different psychological mechanisms underlying children's suggestibility to leading questions, on the one hand, and children's suggestibility to negative feedback, on the other, by distinguishing between interview questions concerning different types of information. Results showed that, unlike the developmental pattern of children's suggestibility to leading questions, the developmental pattern of children's suggestibility to negative feedback differed depending on whether the interview questions concerned external facts (physical states and events) or internal facts (mental states and events). This difference was not manifested in response to questions concerning central versus periphe... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562977 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2562979&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19565283%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Borsci S, Federici S, Lauriola M The System Usability Scale (SUS), developed by Brooke (Usability evaluation in industry, Taylor & Francis, London, pp 189-194, 1996), had a great success among usability practitioners since it is a quick and easy to use measure for collecting users' usability evaluation of a system. Recently, Lewis and Sauro (Proceedings of the human computer interaction international conference (HCII 2009), San Diego CA, USA, 2009) have proposed a two-factor structure-Usability (8 items) and Learnability (2 items)-suggesting that practitioners might take advantage of these new factors to extract additional information from SUS data. In order to verify the dimensionality in the SUS' two-component structure, we estimated the parameters and tested with a stru... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2562979 Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2562979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2557020&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19562395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waldmann MR, Meder B, von Sydow M, Hagmayer Y The main goal of the present research was to demonstrate the interaction between category and causal induction in causal model learning. We used a two-phase learning procedure in which learners were presented with learning input referring to two interconnected causal relations forming a causal chain (Experiment 1) or a common-cause model (Experiments 2a, b). One of the three events (i.e., the intermediate event of the chain, or the common cause) was presented as a set of uncategorized exemplars. Although participants were not provided with any feedback about category labels, they tended to induce categories in the first phase that maximized the predictability of their causes or effects. In the second causal learning phase, particip... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2557020 Fri, 26 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2557020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525393&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19526259%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, it is discussed why deontic reasoning-despite astonishing, early developing competencies-is still a complex cognitive activity. PMID: 19526259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525393 Fri, 12 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525392&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19526260%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ambron E, McIntosh RD, Della Sala S Many pre-school children show closing-in behaviour (CIB) in graphic copying tasks: a tendency to place their copy abnormally close to or even on top of the model. Similar phenomena have been studied in patients with dementia, though it is unclear whether the superficial similarities between CIB in development and dementia reflect common underlying cognitive mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive functions involved in CIB in pre-school children. Forty-one children (3-5 years) were assessed for CIB, and completed a neuropsychological battery targeting visuospatial abilities, short term memory (verbal and spatial) and attention (sustained attention, selective attention and attention switching). Binary logistic... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525392 Fri, 12 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525396&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19471984%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodrigues J, Hans du Buf JM In this paper we present a new model for invariant object categorization and recognition. It is based on explicit multi-scale features: lines, edges and keypoints are extracted from responses of simple, complex and end-stopped cells in cortical area V1, and keypoints are used to construct saliency maps for Focus-of-Attention. The model is a functional but dichotomous one, because keypoints are employed to model the "where" data stream, with dynamic routing of features from V1 to higher areas to obtain translation, rotation and size invariance, whereas lines and edges are employed in the "what" stream for object categorization and recognition. Furthermore, both the "where" and "what" pathways are dynamic in that information at coarse scales is employ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525396 Tue, 26 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525395&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19471985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA To figure out whether the main empirical question "Is our brain hardwired to believe in and produce God, or is our brain hardwired to perceive and experience God?" is answered, this paper presents systematic critical review of the positions, arguments and controversies of each side of the neuroscientific-theological debate and puts forward an integral view where the human is seen as a psycho-somatic entity consisting of the multiple levels and dimensions of human existence (physical, biological, psychological, and spiritual reality), allowing consciousness/mind/spirit and brain/body/matter to be seen as different sides of the same phenomenon, neither reducible to each other. The emergence of a form of causation distinctive from physics where ment... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525395 Tue, 26 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525394&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19471986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Therriault DJ, Yaxley RH, Zwaan RA The role of color diagnosticity in object recognition and representation was assessed in three Experiments. In Experiment 1a, participants named pictured objects that were strongly associated with a particular color (e.g., pumpkin and orange). Stimuli were presented in a congruent color, incongruent color, or grayscale. Results indicated that congruent color facilitated naming time, incongruent color impeded naming time, and naming times for grayscale items were situated between the congruent and incongruent conditions. Experiment 1b replicated Experiment 1a using a verification task. Experiment 2 employed a picture rebus paradigm in which participants read sentences one word at a time that included pictures of color diagnostic objects (i.e.,... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525394 Tue, 26 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525397&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19352733%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dorris DC Ego-depletion (depletion of self-regulatory strength) can impair conscious efforts at self-regulation. Research into nonconscious self-regulation has demonstrated that preconscious automaticity and implementation intentions can automatically carry out regulatory tasks during times of ego-depletion. However, preconscious automaticity can only emerge during well-practiced tasks while implementation intentions can only support tasks that have been explicitly planned. Thus, when it comes to supporting the conscious self-regulation of nonroutine and unplanned behaviour during times of ego-depletion these processes should be ineffective. However, it is argued here that because the conscious self-regulation of nonroutine and unplanned behaviour can incidentally prime the un... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525397 Tue, 07 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2525397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2285262&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19301049%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iani C, Job R, Padovani R, Nicoletti R The present study was aimed at assessing whether focusing attention on a task-relevant part of a word prevents processing of its meaning. Participants performed a color-naming task on a prime word followed by lexical decision on a probe. Primes were words, which could contain an embedded color word (e.g., "redemption") written in an incongruent color. Probes were either semantically related (e.g., "confession") or unrelated (e.g., "production") to the prime word. A Stroop effect emerged for color words appearing either in the initial or in the final position of the carrier word. A priming effect also emerged, with faster responses to probes semantically related to the prime. These results are evidence that focusing attention on part of a ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2285262 Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2285262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2261063&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19277746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cassimatis NL, Murugesan A, Bignoli PG The theory that human cognition proceeds through mental simulations, if true, would provide a parsimonious explanation of how the mechanisms of reasoning and problem solving integrate with and develop from mechanisms underlying forms of cognition that occur earlier in evolution and development. However, questions remain about whether simulation mechanisms are powerful enough to exhibit human-level reasoning and inference. In order to investigate this issue, we show that it is possible to characterize some of the most powerful modern artificial intelligence algorithms for logical and probabilistic inference as methods of simulating alternate states of the world. We show that a set of specific human perceptual mechanisms, even if not implem... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261063 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2261063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2212667&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19234731%26dopt%3DAbstract This article compiles the investigations carried out by a Research Group of the University of Granada, Spain. Its different projects on writing's cognitive social and cultural processes have been supported by the Spanish Government. This line of research joined together linguistic, psychological, social and cultural contributions to the development of writing from the 1970s. Currently, this line of research develops in collaboration with other European Universities: (a) Interuniversity Centre for Research On Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA), "La Sapienza" University of Rome (Italy); (b) Anadolu University, (Eskisehir, Turkey); (c) Coimbra University (Portugal); (d) University of Zaragoza (Spain); (e) the Institute of Education of the University of London (Unit... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2212667 Sat, 21 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2212667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2098709&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19137343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Pittà M, Volman V, Levine H, Ben-Jacob E PMID: 19137343 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2098709 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2098709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2098708&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19137344%26dopt%3DAbstract This report focuses upon basic research topics in spatial cognition, including: (1) perceptual and cognitive factors in map symbolization and design, (2) the creation of cognitively ergonomic route directions for next generation location based services (LBS), (3) You-Are-Here maps and the creation of a sense of place through map-like representations, (4) the conceptualization and representation of dynamic phenomena (i.e., geographic movement pattern), and (5) the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic conceptualization. PMID: 19137344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2098708 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2098708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2098707&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19137345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arecchi FT, Farini A, Meucci R, Sannita WG PMID: 19137345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2098707 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2098707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2098706&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19137346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sannita WG A major issue in today's neuroscience is how the brain complex and highly flexible organization emerges from its individual components. Robustness of neuronal properties with weak linkages between regulatory processes are suggested to account for the adaptive, tunable, multistable dynamics, the coding schemes and the complexity of neuronal functional (sub)systems. Interneurons and neurotransmitter diversity, resonance phenomena due to properties of the cell or network, time/frequency-dependent activation of dedicated neuronal assemblies, code- and frequency-specific oscillations interact in determining the brain functional setup and operations. Despite the scientific relevance, comprehensive theories are not yet available, but the scenario-however incomplete and inc... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2098706 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2098706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054759&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19096888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lyre H PMID: 19096888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054759 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2054759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042812&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19083036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin WC, Oakes M, Tait J, Tsai CF This paper describes the automatic assignment of images into classes described by individual keywords provided with the Corel data set. Automatic image annotation technology aims to provide an efficient and effective searching environment for users to query their images more easily, but current image retrieval systems are still not very accurate when assigning images into a large number of keyword classes. Noisy features are the main problem, causing some keywords never to be assigned to their correct images. This paper focuses on improving image classification, first by selection of features to characterise each image, and then the selection of the most suitable feature vectors as training data. A Pixel Density filter (PDfilter) and Informatio... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042812 Sat, 13 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042813&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19082646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gruzelier J Professionally significant enhancement of music and dance performance and mood has followed training with an EEG-neurofeedback protocol which increases the ratio of theta to alpha waves using auditory feedback with eyes closed. While originally the protocol was designed to induce hypnogogia, a state historically associated with creativity, the outcome was psychological integration, while subsequent applications focusing on raising the theta-alpha ratio, reduced depression and anxiety in alcoholism and resolved post traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). In optimal performance studies we confirmed associations with creativity in musical performance, but effects also included technique and communication. We extended efficacy to dance and social anxiety. Diversity of outco... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042813 Thu, 11 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2019287&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19050949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hammer R, Hertz T, Hochstein S, Weinshall D Information for category learning may be provided as positive or negative equivalence constraints (PEC/NEC)-indicating that some exemplars belong to the same or different categories. To investigate categorization strategies, we studied category learning from each type of constraint separately, using a simple rule-based task. We found that participants use PECs differently than NECs, even when these provide the same amount of information. With informative PECs, categorization was rapid, reasonably accurate and uniform across participants. With informative NECs, performance was rapid and highly accurate for only some participants. When given directions, all participants reached high-performance levels with NECs, but the use of PECs rem... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2019287 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2019287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2008169&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19048318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arrighi R, Arecchi FT, Farini A, Gheri C The term perceptual bistability refers to all those conditions in which an observer looks at an ambiguous stimulus that can have two or more distinct but equally reliable interpretations. In this work, we investigate perception of Necker Cube in which bistability consists of the possibility to interpret the cube depth in two different ways. We manipulated the cube ambiguity by darkening one of the cube faces (cue) to provide a clear cube interpretation due to the occlusion depth index. When the position of the cue is stationary the cube perceived perspective is steady and driven by the cue position. However, when we alternated in time the cue position (i.e. we changed the position of the darkened cube face) two different perceptual phen... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008169 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2008169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2008168&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19048319%26dopt%3DAbstract We present experimental and numerical evidence of control and synchronization of burst events in modulated CO(2) lasers. Bursts appear randomly in each laser as trains of large amplitude spikes intercalated by a small amplitude chaotic regime. Experimental data and model display the frequency locking of bursts in a suitable interval of coupling strengths. The analogy with neuronal bursting will also be discussed in view of the role of bursting synchronization in cognitive functions. PMID: 19048319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2008168 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2008168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915843&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18956218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basso D PMID: 18956218 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915843 Wed, 29 Oct 2008 19:21:36 +0100 1915843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915844&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18956217%26dopt%3DAbstract We present ACACIA, an agent-based program implemented in Java StarLogo 2.0 that simulates a two-dimensional microworld populated by agents, obstacles and goals. Our program simulates how agents can reach long-term goals by following sensorial-motor couplings (SMCs) that control how the agents interact with their environment and other agents through a process of local categorization. Thus, while acting in accordance with this set of SMCs, the agents reach their goals through the emergence of global behaviors. This agent-based simulation program would allow us to understand some psychological processes such as planning behavior from the point of view that the complexity of these processes is the result of agent-environment interaction. PMID: 18956217 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915844 Tue, 28 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1903484&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18941815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mao Y, Tang W, Liu Y, Kocarev L This paper is to investigate the use of adaptive observers for the modeling of biological neurons and networks. Assuming that a neuron can be modeled as a continuous-time nonlinear system, it is possible to determine its unknown parameters using adaptive observer, based on the concept of adaptive synchronization. The same technique can be extended for the identification of an entire biological neural network. Some conventional observer designs are studied in this paper and satisfactory results are obtained, yet with some restrictions. To further extend the applicability of adaptive observers for the modeling process, a new design is suggested. It is based on a combination of linear feedback control approach and the dynamical minimization algorit... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1903484 Wed, 22 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1903484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1897021&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18936995%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ciszak M, Montina A, Arecchi FT We study how a locally coupled array of spiking chaotic systems synchronizes to an external driving in a short time. Synchronization means spike separation at adjacent sites much shorter than the average inter-spike interval; a local lack of synchronization is called a defect. The system displays sudden spontaneous defect disappearance at a critical coupling strength suggesting an existence of a phase transition. Below critical coupling, the system reaches order at a definite amplitude of an external input; this order persists for a fixed time slot. Thus, the array behaves as an excitable-like system, even though the single element lacks such a property. PMID: 18936995 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1897021 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1897021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884439&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18923856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Neves CF To build a true conscious robot requires that a robot's "brain" be capable of supporting the phenomenal consciousness as human's brain enjoys. Operational Architectonics framework through exploration of the temporal structure of information flow and inter-area interactions within the network of functional neuronal populations [by examining topographic sharp transition processes in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) on the millisecond scale] reveals and describes the EEG architecture which is analogous to the architecture of the phenomenal world. This suggests that the task of creating the "machine" consciousness would require a machine implementation that can support the kind of hierarchical architecture found in EEG. PMID: 189238... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884439 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884438&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18923857%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on mirror writing instances in a sample of 108 pre-school children. Results showed MW to be age-related but independent from handedness and left-right discrimination abilities. We propose an account of mirror writing as reflecting dissociation between acquired motor programmes for letter shape composition and unspecified spatial direction of hand movements. Before learning to write, the child's directional cognitive system is assumed to be dichotomous, thus inducing the production of randomly oriented asymmetrical letters. PMID: 18923857 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884438 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1830833&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18810520%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartels A, May M The aim of this paper is to show that the widespread opinion, according to which functional role theories of representation fail to account for content explanations of human and animal behaviour, cannot be confirmed with respect to each type of functional role theory. Functional resemblance theories (as referred to by O'Brien and Opie in Representation in mind, Elsevier, 2004) allow for content explanations of successfully performed cognitive abilities as much as for explanations of systematic errors resulting from misrepresentation. How functional roles do their explanatory work in actual scientific research examples is shown by a detailed exploration of model assumptions about homing performances based on path integration mechanisms in humans and animals. ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1830833 Tue, 23 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1830833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817474&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18800234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Brien G, Opie J Reformers urge that representation no longer earns its explanatory keep in cognitive science, and that it is time to discard this troublesome concept. In contrast, we hold that without representation cognitive science is utterly bereft of tools for explaining natural intelligence. In order to defend the latter position, we focus on the explanatory role of representation in computation. We examine how the methods of digital and analog computation are used to model a relatively simple target system, and show that representation plays an in-eliminable explanatory role in both cases. We conclude that, to the extent that biologic systems engage in computation, representation is destined to play an explanatory role in cognitive science. PMID: 18800234 [PubMed -... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817474 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817519&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17952479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Horn D Both natural languages and cell biology make use of one-dimensional encryption. Their investigation calls for syntactic deciphering of the text and semantic understanding of the resulting structures. Here we discuss recently published algorithms that allow for such searches: automatic distillation of structure (ADIOS) that is successful in discovering syntactic structures in linguistic texts and its motif extraction (MEX) component that can be used for uncovering motifs in DNA and protein sequences. The underlying principles of these syntactic algorithms and some of their results will be described. PMID: 17952479 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817519 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817518&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17973133%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharpanskykh A, Treur J From an external perspective, cognitive agent behavior can be described by specifying (temporal) correlations of a certain complexity between stimuli (input states) and (re)actions (output states) of the agent. From an internal perspective the agent's dynamics can be characterized by direct (causal) temporal relations between internal and mental states of the agent. The latter type of specifications can be represented in a relatively simple, executable format, which enables different types of analysis of the agent's behavior. In particular, simulations of the agent's behavior under different (environmental) circumstances can be explored. Furthermore, by applying verification techniques, automated analysis of the consequences of the agent's behavior can ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817518 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817505&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brand M, Heinze K, Labudda K, Markowitsch HJ In decision situations of everyday life, the potential positive or negative consequences of a decision are often specified and the associated probabilities are known or they are principally calculable ("decisions under risk"). On the basis of correlations reported in patient studies, it has been recently proposed that decisions under risk involve strategic components, i.e. calculation of the risk, as well as emotional processes, i.e. processing feedback from previous decisions. However, the potential impact of calculative strategies on decision-making under risk has not been investigated systematically, so far. In the current study, we examined 42 healthy subjects (21 females) with the Game of Dice Task measuring decisions under ris... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817505 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817490&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18327623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou B Following an abrupt onset of a peripheral stimulus (a cue), the response to a visual target is faster when the target appears at the cued position than when it appears at other positions. However, if the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) is longer than approximately 300 ms, the response to the target is slower at the cued position than that at other positions. This phenomenon of a longer response time to cued targets is called "inhibition of return" (IOR). Previous hypotheses propose contributions of both response inhibition and attentional inhibition at cued position to IOR, and suggest that responding to the cue can eliminate the component of response inhibition. The current study uses tasks either executing or withholding response to the cue to investigate the relative... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817490 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817485&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18421489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Catarci T, De Giovanni L, Gabrielli S, Kimani S, Mirabella V There exist various guidelines for facilitating the design, preparation, and deployment of accessible eLearning applications and contents. However, such guidelines prevalently address accessibility in a rather technical sense, without giving sufficient consideration to the cognitive aspects and issues related to the use of eLearning materials by learners with disabilities. In this paper we describe how a user-centered design process was applied to develop a method and set of guidelines for didactical experts to scaffold their creation of accessible eLearning content, based on a more sound approach to accessibility. The paper also discusses possible design solutions for tools supporting eLearning content authors in th... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817485 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817482&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18528722%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belardinelli C, Blümel E, Müller G, Schenk M PMID: 18528722 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817482 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817475&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18726627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenbrink T, Wiener J What kinds of strategies do humans employ when confronted with a complex spatial task, and how do they verbalize these strategies? Previous research concerned with the well-known traveling salesperson problem (TSP) typically aimed at the identification of a generally applicable heuristics that adequately represents human behavior in relation to the abstract task of combining points. This paper adopts a novel perspective in two respects. On the one hand, it addresses the strategies people employ when confronted with a more complex task, involving distractors and feature information rather than identical points. On the other hand, retrospective linguistic representations of the strategies used are analyzed in relation to the behavioral data, using discourse ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817475 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817476&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18688668%26dopt%3DAbstract We present modeling of both rational processes (thoughts) and emotional processes (feelings) on a two-dimensional lattice and on extremely simplified two-dimensional phase space of the brain. Our purpose is to analyze influence of differences in time-scales of various types of processes. In particular, we show that no 'central executive structure' between consciousness and unconsciousness, the existence of which was suggested by psychologists, is not needed. PMID: 18688668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817476 Fri, 08 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817477&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18668272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cao H, Sanjuán MA A system consisting of two Rulkov map-based neurons coupled through reciprocal electrical synapses as a simple phenomenological example is discussed. When the electrical coupling is excitatory, the square-wave bursting can be well predicted by the bifurcation analysis of a comparatively simple low-dimensional subsystem embedded in the invariant manifold. While, when the synapses are inhibitory due to the artificial electrical coupling, a fast-slow analysis is carried out by treating the two slow variables as two different bifurcation parameters. The main result of this paper is to present a mechanism for the occurrence of a kind of special elliptic bursting. The mechanism for this kind of elliptic-like bursting is due to the interaction between two chaot... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817477 Thu, 31 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817478&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18626674%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vigo R, Allen C The idea that reasoning is a singular accomplishment of the human species has an ancient pedigree. Yet this idea remains as controversial as it is ancient. Those who would deny reasoning to nonhuman animals typically hold a language-based conception of inference which places it beyond the reach of languageless creatures. Others reject such an anthropocentric conception of reasoning on the basis of similar performance by humans and animals in some reasoning tasks, such as transitive inference. Here, building on the modal similarity theory of Vigo [J Exp Theor Artif Intell, 2008 (in press)], we offer an account in which reasoning depends on a core suite of subsymbolic processes for similarity assessment, discrimination, and categorization. We argue that premise-b... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817478 Tue, 15 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817479&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18618159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srinivasan N, Pariyadath V Currently in humor research, there exists a dearth of computational models for humor perception. The existing theories are not quantifiable and efforts need to be made to quantify the models and incorporate neuropsychological findings in humor research. We propose a new computational model (GraPHIA) for perceiving phonological jokes or puns. GraPHIA consists of a semantic network and a phonological network where words are represented by nodes in both the networks. Novel features based on graph theoretical concepts are proposed and computed for the identification of homophonic jokes. The data set for evaluating the model consisted of homophonic puns, normal sentences, and ambiguous nonsense sentences. The classification results show that the feature v... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817479 Thu, 10 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817480&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18607652%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study adults performed numerical and physical size judgments on a symbolic (Arabic numerals) and non-symbolic (groups of dots) size congruity task. The outcomes would reveal whether a size congruity effect (SCE) can be obtained irrespective of notation. Subsequently, 5-year-old children performed a physical size judgment on both tasks. The outcomes will give a better insight in the ability of 5-year-olds to automatically process symbolic and non-symbolic numerosities. Adult performance on the symbolic and non-symbolic size congruity tasks revealed a SCE for numerical and physical size judgments, indicating that the non-symbolic size congruity task is a valid indicator for automatic processing of non-symbolic numerosities. Physical size judgments on both tasks by children revealed a... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817480 Tue, 08 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817481&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oelmann H, Laeng B The present study reexamines the hypothesis that there exist emotional attributions specific to simple musical elements. In Experiment 1, groups of participants, with varying musical expertise, rated the emotional meaning of four natural intervals heard as two harmonic sine waves. In Experiment 2, the higher tone was kept constant at an octave above the low tone used in Experiment 1, while the lower tone was constant. Attributions for each interval were positively correlated from one experimental session to another; despite the intervals differed in terms of their component pitches. Musicians gave the most reliable choices of meaning. In a third experiment, participants rated the emotional meaning of various unfamiliar ethnic melodies with expressions descri... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817481 Sat, 21 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817483&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18504631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchetti G The analysis of time is vitiated very often by circularity: several disciplines, such as psychology, linguistics, and neurosciences, analyze time by using concepts or terms which already contain in themselves, or are based, on the experience and notion of time (as when, for example, time is defined as "duration", or when our ability to estimate durations is explained by resorting to the notion of an internal clock). Some detailed examples of circularity in the analysis of time are given here and examined. A way out of circularity is then given: it is represented by the proposal of attentional semantics (AS) of considering words and their meanings in terms of the aim they serve, and the means and processes developed and implemented in order to achieve that aim. Acco... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817483 Tue, 27 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817484&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18461375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zetzsche C, Wolter J, Schill K We investigate a hybrid system for autonomous exploration and navigation, and implement it in a virtual mobile agent, which operates in virtual spatial environments. The system is based on several distinguishing properties. The representation is not map-like, but based on sensorimotor features, i.e. on combinations of sensory features and motor actions. The system has a hybrid architecture, which integrates a bottom-up processing of sensorimotor features with a top-down, knowledge-based reasoning strategy. This strategy selects the optimal motor action in each step according to the principle of maximum information gain. Two sensorimotor levels with different behavioural granularity are implemented, a macro-level, which controls the movements of t... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817484 Wed, 07 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817532&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17876623%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows the dynamic aspects of the apprehension of projective spatial terms in 3D space by detailing how the rotation of a reference object with an inherent front influences the apprehension of projective spatial terms on a level plane by mapping their spatial categorical patterns. The experiment was designed to examine how spatial categorical patterns on a level plane changed with the rotation of a reference object with an inherent front in 3D computer graphics space. We manipulated the rotation of a reference object with an inherent front at three levels (0 degrees , 90 degrees , and 180 degrees rotations) and examined how such manipulation changed the overall spatial categorical patterns of four basic Japanese projective spatial terms: mae, ushiro, hidari, and migi (similar to ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817532 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817528&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17899235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Avraamides MN, Kelly JW Recent findings from spatial cognition and cognitive neuroscience suggest that different types of mental representations could mediate the off-line retrieval of spatial relations from memory and the on-line guidance of motor actions in space. As a result, a number of models proposing multiple systems of spatial memory have been recently formulated. In the present article we review these models and we evaluate their postulates based on available experimental evidence. Furthermore, we discuss how a multiple-system model can apply to situations in which people reason about their immediate surroundings or non-immediate environments by incorporating a model of sensorimotor facilitation/interference. This model draws heavily on previous accounts of sensorimot... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817528 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817523&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17924155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Leeuwen C In connectionism and its offshoots, models acquire functionality through externally controlled learning schedules. This undermines the claim of these models to autonomy. Providing these models with intrinsic biases is not a solution, as it makes their function dependent on design assumptions. Between these two alternatives, there is room for approaches based on spontaneous self-organization. Structural reorganization in adaptation to spontaneous activity is a well-known phenomenon in neural development. It is proposed here as a way to prepare connectionist models for learning and enhance the autonomy of these models. PMID: 17924155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817523 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817517&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17987332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonifacci P, Ricciardelli P, Lugli L, Pellicano A In the present study we considered the two factors that have been advocated for playing a role in emotional attention: perception of gaze direction and facial expression of emotions. Participants performed an oculomotor task in which they had to make a saccade towards one of the two lateral targets, depending on the colour of the fixation dot which appeared at the centre of the computer screen. At different time intervals (stimulus onset asynchronies, SOAs: 50,100,150 ms) following the onset of the dot, a picture of a human face (gazing either to the right or to the left) was presented at the centre of the screen. The gaze direction of the face could be congruent or incongruent with respect to the location of the target, and th... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817517 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817515&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18188627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith AD, Hood BM, Gilchrist ID It has been argued that visual search is a valid model for human foraging. However, the two tasks differ greatly in terms of the coding of space and the effort required to search. Here we describe a direct comparison between visually guided searches (as studied in visual search tasks) and foraging that is not based upon a visually distinct target, within the same context. The experiment was conducted in a novel apparatus, where search locations were indicated by an array of lights embedded in the floor. In visually guided conditions participants searched for a target defined by the presence of a feature (red target amongst green distractors) or the absence of a feature (green target amongst red and green distractors). Despite the expanded search... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817515 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817512&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18214564%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vannucci M, Mazzoni G, Chiorri C, Cioli L Object imagery refers to the ability to construct pictorial images of objects. Individuals with high object imagery (high-OI) produce more vivid mental images than individuals with low object imagery (low-OI), and they encode and process both mental images and visual stimuli in a more global and holistic way. In the present study, we investigated whether and how level of object imagery may affect the way in which individuals identify visual objects. High-OI and low-OI participants were asked to perform a visual identification task with spatially-filtered pictures of real objects. Each picture was presented at nine levels of filtering, starting from the most blurred (level 1: only low spatial frequencies--global configuration) and gradu... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817512 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817488&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18351409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basso D PMID: 18351409 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817488 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817486&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18414919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basso D PMID: 18414919 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817486 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817489&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18351408%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, VR seemed to be a valuable method for studying human reorientation. Moreover, the virtual experimental setting involved here promoted knowledge of the relationship between working memory and spatial reorientation paradigm. PMID: 18351408 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817489 Thu, 20 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817487&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18351410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belardinelli A, Pirri F, Carbone A Visual attention is considered nowadays a paramount ability both in Cognitive Sciences and in Cognitive Vision to bridge the gap between perception and higher level reasoning functions, such as scene interpretation and decision making. Bottom-up gaze shifting is the main mechanism used by humans when exploring a scene without a specific task. In this paper we investigated which criteria allow for the generation of plausible fixation clusters by analysing experimental data of human subjects. We suggest that fixations should be grouped in cliques whose saliency can be assessed through an innovation factor encompassing bottom-up cues, proximity, direction and memory components. PMID: 18351410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cogn... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817487 Thu, 20 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1817487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817531&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17882461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quinn JG The influential model of verbal working memory (WM) introduced by Baddeley and Hitch (Recent advances in learning and motivation. Academic, New York, 1974) comprised three interacting component parts; an executive controller and two subservient systems. The two subservient systems, one underpinning verbal processing and the other underpinning visual processing are themselves subdivided. In the verbal system, a passive phonological store is maintained by an active phonological loop, which is able to rehearse the material in the passive store. The visual working memory system has traditionally been thought of as having a similar architecture with a passive visual store being maintained by an active store, which codes in terms of movement over space. The paper discusses ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817531 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817530&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17885775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rämä P Visual system has been proposed to be divided into two, the ventral and dorsal, processing streams. The ventral pathway is thought to be involved in object identification whereas the dorsal pathway processes information regarding the spatial locations of objects and the spatial relationships among objects. Several studies on working memory (WM) processing have further suggested that there is a dissociable domain-dependent functional organization within the prefrontal cortex for processing of spatial and nonspatial visual information. Also the auditory system is proposed to be organized into two domain-specific processing streams, similar to that seen in the visual system. Recent studies on auditory WM have further suggested that maintenance of nonspatial and s... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817530 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817529&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17891428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lehnert G, Zimmer HD In the tripartite model of working memory (WM) it is postulated that a unique part system-the visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSSP)-processes non-verbal content. Due to behavioral and neurophysiological findings, the VSSP was later subdivided into visual object and visual spatial processing, the former representing objects' appearance and the latter spatial information. This distinction is well supported. However, a challenge to this model is the question how spatial information from non-visual sensory modalities, for example the auditory one, is processed. Only a few studies so far have directly compared visual and auditory spatial WM. They suggest that the distinction of two processing domains--one for object and one for spatial information--also holds true for... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817529 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817527&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17901994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wolters G, Raffone A Working memory (WM), including a 'central executive', is used to guide behavior by internal goals or intentions. We suggest that WM is best described as a set of three interdependent functions which are implemented in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These functions are maintenance, control of attention and integration. A model for the maintenance function is presented, and we will argue that this model can be extended to incorporate the other functions as well. Maintenance is the capacity to briefly maintain information in the absence of corresponding input, and even in the face of distracting information. We will argue that maintenance is based on recurrent loops between PFC and posterior parts of the brain, and probably within PFC as well. In these loops in... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817527 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817526&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17909873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suchan B Working memory is traditionally seen as being organised in a modular way with a central executive orchestrating at least two slave systems (phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad). Neuroanatomical correlates of the visual and visuospatial subsystems and the central executive are discussed in this article. A series of experiments are presented yielding evidence for a differentiation into active and passive processing in working memory as well as their neuroanatomical correlates in the prefrontal cortex. Data, yielding evidence for an interaction and separation of visual and visuospatial working memory are presented and discussed. Further results are presented which suggest a convergence of these two systems with increasing working memory demands. The discussed f... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817526 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817524&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17917753%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudner M, Rönnberg J A body of work has accumulated to show that the cognitive process of binding information from different mnemonic and sensory sources as well as in different linguistic modalities can be fractionated from general executive functions in working memory both functionally and neurally. This process has been defined in terms of the episodic buffer (Baddeley in Trends Cogn Sci 4(11):417-423, 2000). This paper considers behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging data that elucidate the role of the episodic buffer in language processing. We argue that the episodic buffer seems to be truly multimodal in function and that while formation of unitary multidimensional representations in the episodic buffer seems to engage posterior neural networks, maintenanc... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817524 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817522&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17932697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mastroberardino S, Santangelo V, Botta F, Marucci FS, Olivetti Belardinelli M The best format in which information that has to be recalled is presented has been investigated in several studies, which focused on the impact of bimodal stimulation on working memory performance. An enhancement of participant's performance in terms of correct recall has been repeatedly found, when bimodal formats of presentation (i.e., audiovisual) were compared to unimodal formats (i.e, either visual or auditory), in providing implications for multimedial learning. Several theoretical frameworks have been suggested in order to account for the bimodal advantage, ranging from those emphasizing early stages of processing (such as automatic alerting effects or multisensory integration processes) to th... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817522 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817513&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18196305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Postma A, Zuidhoek S, Noordzij ML, Kappers AM The present paper reviews research on a haptic orientation processing. Central is a task in which a test bar has to be set parallel to a reference bar at another location. Introducing a delay between inspecting the reference bar and setting the test bar leads to a surprising improvement. Moreover, offering visual background information also elevates performance. Interestingly, (congenitally) blind individuals do not or to a weaker extent show the improvement with time, while in parallel to this, they appear to benefit less from spatial imagery processing. Together this strongly points to an important role for visual processing mechanisms in the perception of haptic inputs. PMID: 18196305 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817513 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817514&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18196304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chiandetti C, Vallortigara G Several vertebrate species, including humans, following passive spatial disorientation appear to be able to reorient themselves by making use of the geometric shape of the environment (i.e., metric properties of surfaces and directional sense). In some circumstances, reliance on such purely geometric information can overcome the use of local featural cues (landmarks). The relative use of geometric and non-geometric information seems to depend upon, among other factors, the size of the experimental space. Evidence in non-human animals and in human infants for primacy in encoding either geometric or landmark information depending on the size of the environment is reviewed, together with possible theoretical accounts of this phenomenon. PMID: 1819... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817514 Tue, 15 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1817514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817535&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17665237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miglino O, Gigliotta O, Cardaci M, Ponticorvo M In the 1930s and 1940s, Edward Tolman developed a psychological theory of spatial orientation in rats and humans. He expressed his theory as an automaton (the "schematic sowbug") or what today we would call an "artificial organism." With the technology of the day, he could not implement his model. Nonetheless, he used it to develop empirical predictions which tested with animals in the laboratory. This way of proceeding was in line with scientific practice dating back to Galileo. The way psychologists use artificial organisms in their work today breaks with this tradition. Modern "artificial organisms" are constructed a posteriori, working from experimental or ethological observations. As a result, researchers can use them to con... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817535 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817534&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17680286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Sigafoos J, Oliva D, Scalini L, Castagnaro F, Di Bari M The present study assessed the possibility of promoting pre-ambulatory foot-leg movements in children with multiple disabilities by motivating their action through contingent stimulation combined with a support device. Two children aged 10 and 8 years participated. Microswitch technology (i.e., pressure sensors under the shoes or optic sensors at the front-inner side of the shoes) served for detecting the foot-leg movements and providing contingent stimulation on their occurrence. Sensor activation produced 5 s of stimulation during intervention. Data showed that both children had significant increases in foot-leg movements during the intervention phases. Implications of the data in ter... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817534 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817533&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17704959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herrero JL, Crawley R, van Leeuwen C, Raffone A The preview benefit from prior exposure of response-irrelevant (distracter) objects in visual search has been accounted for in terms of top-down inhibition (i.e. visual marking), bottom-up abrupt onset capture, or asynchrony-dependent perceptual segregation. We assess the relative contribution of abrupt onset and visual marking in a paradigm combining visual search with a visual working memory task. We investigated time-based selection of multiple objects for storage in visual working memory, using a change detection paradigm (Luck and Vogel in Nature 390:279-281, 1997) with distracter preview. We varied preview exposure (short vs. long), in a series of three experiments. The contribution of asynchrony-related perceptual segregat... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817533 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817525&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17917752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berberian B, Sarrazin JC, Giraudo MD We studied the process by which learning a pattern of motor activity reaches a steady-state characterized by a reduction in fluctuations. The stimuli consisted of eight visually presented dots that appeared sequentially. In a 20-trial learning phase, participants reproduced the positions of the eight dots after each presentation. Next, they reproduced the pattern 40 times without renewed presentation. In one condition, spatial distances between the dots were proportional to the intervals between their appearances; in the other they were not proportional. We analyzed how the reproduction stabilized at the configuration and dot levels. In proportional as well as non-proportional conditions, stabilization occurs at different time scales for th... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817525 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817520&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17934769%26dopt%3DAbstract We present here five primed problem solving experiments. The basic idea was to demonstrate that depending on priming information people represent perceptually identical stimuli very differently, i.e., they ascribe different uses and meanings to objects and they integrate them differently to compose distinct solutions. In this vein, we demonstrate that people regularly rely on information, which is not or cannot be perceived in principle. On the ground of our empirical findings, we resurrect the issue on why the difference between perception and apperception is theoretically adequate and introduce some central concepts for the theoretical analysis of apperception such as "seeing as" and functional binding. PMID: 17934769 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817520 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817516&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17999102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caduff D, Timpf S In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for assessing the salience of landmarks for navigation. Landmark salience is derived as a result of the observer's point of view, both physical and cognitive, the surrounding environment, and the objects contained therein. This is in contrast to the currently held view that salience is an inherent property of some spatial feature. Salience, in our approach, is expressed as a three-valued Saliency Vector. The components that determine this vector are Perceptual Salience, which defines the exogenous (or passive) potential of an object or region for acquisition of visual attention, Cognitive Salience, which is an endogenous (or active) mode of orienting attention, triggered by informative cues providing advance in... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817516 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817521&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17932698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alves C, Boal JG, Dickel L This paper provides a short overview of the scientific knowledge concerning short-distance navigation in cephalopods. Studies in laboratory controlled conditions and observations in the field provide converging evidence that cephalopods use visual cues to navigate and demonstrate spatial memory. A recent study also provides the first evidence for the neural substrates underlying spatial abilities in cuttlefish. The functions of spatial cognition in cephalopods are discussed from an evolutionary standpoint. PMID: 17932698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817521 Fri, 12 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817544&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17415599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Darling S, Della Sala S, Logie RH Several different sources of evidence support the idea that visuo-spatial working memory can be segregated into separate cognitive subsystems. However, the nature of these systems remains unclear. Recently we reported data from neurological patients suggesting that information about visual appearance is retained in a different subsystem from information about spatial location. In this paper we report latency data from neurologically intact participants showing an experimental double dissociation between memory for appearance and memory for location. This was achieved by use of a selective dual task interference technique. This pattern provides evidence supporting the segregation of visuo-spatial memory between two systems, one of which support... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817544 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817543&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17429704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kilner JM, Friston KJ, Frith CD Is it possible to understand the intentions of other people by simply observing their actions? Many believe that this ability is made possible by the brain's mirror neuron system through its direct link between action and observation. However, precisely how intentions can be inferred through action observation has provoked much debate. Here we suggest that the function of the mirror system can be understood within a predictive coding framework that appeals to the statistical approach known as empirical Bayes. Within this scheme the most likely cause of an observed action can be inferred by minimizing the prediction error at all levels of the cortical hierarchy that are engaged during action observation. This account identifies a precise role for... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817543 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817541&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17440759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balkenius C, Johansson B Infants gradually learn to predict the motion of moving targets and change from a strategy that mainly depends on saccades to one that depends on anticipatory control of smooth pursuit. A model is described that combines three types of mechanisms for gaze control that develops in a way similar to infants. Initially, gaze control is purely reactive, but as the anticipatory models become more accurate, the gain of the pursuit will increase and lead to a larger fraction of smooth eye movements. Finally, a third system learns to predict changes in target motion, which will lead to fast retuning of the parameters in the anticipatory model. PMID: 17440759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817541 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817539&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17479306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Demiris Y Moving beyond the stimulus contained in observable agent behaviour, i.e. understanding the underlying intent of the observed agent is of immense interest in a variety of domains that involve collaborative and competitive scenarios, for example assistive robotics, computer games, robot-human interaction, decision support and intelligent tutoring. This review paper examines approaches for performing action recognition and prediction of intent from a multi-disciplinary perspective, in both single robot and multi-agent scenarios, and analyses the underlying challenges, focusing mainly on generative approaches. PMID: 17479306 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817539 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817537&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17624562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Altenmüller E, Kopiez R, Grewe O, Schneider S, Eschrich S, Nagel F, Jabusch HC The Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine of the University of Music and Drama in Hannover, Germany, is a unique Institution in Europe whose scope includes teaching the basics of music physiology and musicians' medicine and research into the physiological and neurobiological principles of professional music performance and music perception. Furthermore, the institute conducts research into the causes of occupational injuries in musicians and provides means for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of such injuries. PMID: 17624562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817537 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817536&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17653780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Krause CM In the present exploratory study based on 7 subjects, we examined the composition of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) brain oscillations induced by the presentation of an auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimulus (a talking face) using an oddball paradigm. The composition of brain oscillations were assessed here by analyzing the probability-classification of short-term MEG spectral patterns. The probability index for particular brain oscillations being elicited was dependent on the type and the modality of the sensory percept. The maintenance of the integrated audio-visual percept was accompanied by the unique composition of distributed brain oscillations typical of auditory and visual modality, and the contribution of brain oscillation... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817536 Sat, 01 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817548&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17340106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kunde W, Elsner K, Kiesel A This paper reviews psychophysical evidence for the existence and the nature of two types of anticipation in goal-oriented action. The first one relates to attained changes of the perceptual world, thus to action goals. These anticipations determine appropriate motor output. We argue that goal codes do not only serve as a reference unit, against which currently produced behavioral effects are compared. Rather voluntary actions appear to be planned literally in terms of intended behavioral effects. The second type of anticipation relates to the environmental conditions that have to be met to bring an intended effect into being. These anticipations serve to trigger selected actions, when appropriate execution conditions are encountered. Altogether, the... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817548 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817547&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17404767%26dopt%3DAbstract Explorations of anticipatory behavioral control (ABC): a report from the cognitive psychology unit of the University of Würzburg. Cogn Process. 2007 Jun;8(2):133-42 Authors: Hoffmann J, Berner M, Butz MV, Herbort O, Kiesel A, Kunde W, Lenhard A The report comprises recent theoretical considerations, experimental research, and simulations which all aim at a clarification of anticipatory mechanisms of behavioral control. PMID: 17404767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817547 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817546&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17406917%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schütz-Bosbach S, Prinz W A perceived event such as a visual stimulus in the external world and a to-be-produced event such as an intentional action are subserved by event representations. Event representations do not only contain information about present states but also about past and future states. Here we focus on the role of representing future states in event perception and generation (i.e., prospective coding). Relevant theoretical issues and paradigms are discussed. We suggest that the predictive power of the motor system may be exploited for prospective coding not only in producing but also in perceiving events. Predicting is more advantageous than simply reacting. Perceptual prediction allows us to select appropriate responses ahead of the realization of an (ant... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817546 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817545&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17406918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pezzulo G, Castelfranchi C In situated and embodied approaches it is commonly assumed that the dynamics of sensorimotor engagement between an adaptive agent and its environment are crucial in understanding natural cognition. This perspective permits to address the symbol grounding problem, since the aboutness of any mental state arising during agent-environment engagement is guaranteed by their continuous coupling. However, cognitive agents are also able to formulate representations that are detached from the current state of affairs, such as expectations and goals. Moreover, they can act on their representations before--or instead of--acting directly on the environment, for example building the plan of a bridge and not directly the bridge. On the basis of representations, act... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817545 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817542&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17429705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barsalou LW, Breazeal C, Smith LB We propose that cognition is more than a collection of independent processes operating in a modular cognitive system. Instead, we propose that cognition emerges from dependencies between all of the basic systems in the brain, including goal management, perception, action, memory, reward, affect, and learning. Furthermore, human cognition reflects its social evolution and context, as well as contributions from a developmental process. After presenting these themes, we illustrate their application to the process of anticipation. Specifically, we propose that anticipations occur extensively across domains (i.e., goal management, perception, action, reward, affect, and learning) in coordinated manners. We also propose that anticipation is central ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817542 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817538&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17503101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaplan JT, Iacoboni M We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural systems responding to the sight and to the sound of an action. Subjects saw a video of paper tearing in silence (V), heard the sound of paper tearing (A), and saw and heard the action simultaneously (A + V). Compared to a non-action control stimulus, we found that hearing action sounds (A) activated the anterior inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus in addition to primary auditory cortex. The anterior inferior frontal gyrus, which is known to be activated by environmental sounds, also seems to be involved in recognizing actions by sound. Consistent with previous research, seeing an action video (V) compared with seeing a non-action video activated the premotor cortex,... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817538 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1817538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817549&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17287997%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the old debate between physicalism and other philosophical theories remains open. It can be expected that the progress of sciences will inspire novel approaches to the problem of the relations between matter, mind and consciousness. PMID: 17287997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817549 Thu, 08 Feb 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817550&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17265044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toiviainen P, Erkkilä J, Eerola T, Luck G, Lartillot O PMID: 17265044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817550 Wed, 31 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817551&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17235603%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an empirical study using the path finding problems presented in Novick and Hmelo (J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 20:1296-1321, 1994) as material. We show that both transformational and derivational analogy are problem-solving strategies realized by human problem solvers. Which strategy is evoked in a given problem-solving context depends on the constraints guiding object-to-object mapping between source and target problem. Specifically, if constraints facilitating mapping are available, subjects are more likely to employ a transformational strategy, otherwise they are more likely to use a derivational strategy. PMID: 17235603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817551 Fri, 19 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817552&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17219223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oudeyer PY, Kaplan F This paper presents computational experiments that illustrate how one can precisely conceptualize language evolution as a Darwinian process. We show that there is potentially a wide diversity of replicating units and replication mechanisms involved in language evolution. Computational experiments allow us to study systemic properties coming out of populations of linguistic replicators: linguistic replicators can adapt to specific external environments; they evolve under the pressure of the cognitive constraints of their hosts, as well as under the functional pressure of communication for which they are used; one can observe neutral drift; coalitions of replicators may appear, forming higher level groups which can themselves become subject to competition an... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817552 Fri, 12 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1817552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817553&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17171371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Victorri B We adopt here a functional approach to the classical comparison between language and biology. We first parallel events which have a functional signification in each domain, by matching the utterance of a sentence with the release of a protein. The meaning of a protein is then defined by analogy as "the constant contribution of the biochemical material composing the protein to the effects produced by any release of the protein". The proteome of an organism corresponds to an I-language (the idiolect of an individual), and the proteome of a species is equivalent to an E-language (a language in the common sense). Proteins and sentences are both characterized by a complex hierarchical structure, but the language property of 'double articulation' has no equivalent in the ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817553 Thu, 14 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817559&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16897066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Benedetti G In this article, the author presents a new methodology for the study of two fundamental components of consciousness, that is thought and language. The fundamental presupposition that forms the basis of this methodology is that thought is not simply a passive "reflection" of an external "reality", but also (and especially) something active, i.e. that the fundamental components of thought are sequences of operations, amongst which the ones of attention play a key role. These sequences of elementary mental operations are called mental categories, and are the meanings of all the words that do not seem to indicate something physical (first of all, all the "grammatical" words, that is conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns, fundamental verbs like "to be", "to hav... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817559 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817556&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16988812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tanida K, Pöppel E Driving an automobile is an example of a goal-directed activity with high complexity in which different behavioral elements have to be integrated and brought into a sequential order. On the basis of the reafference principle and experimental results on temporal perception and cognitive control, we propose a hierarchical model of driving behavior, which can also be adapted to other goal-directed activities. Driving is conceived of as being controlled by anticipatory neuronal programs; if these programs are disrupted by unpredictable stimuli, which require an instantaneous reaction, behavioral control returns after completion of the reactive mode to the anticipatory mode of driving. In the model different levels of anticipation windows are distinguished w... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817556 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817555&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17001476%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nijboer TC, van Zandvoort MJ, de Haan EH There is ample evidence that an independent processing stream exists that subserves the perception and appreciation of colour. Neurophysiological research has identified separate brain mechanisms for the processing of wavelength and colour, and neuropsychological studies have revealed selective colour disorders, such as achromatopsia, colour agnosia, and colour anomia. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the perception of colour may, despite its independent processing, influence other cognitive functions. Specifically, we investigate the possibility that the perception of a colour influences higher order processes such as the activation of semantically related concepts. We designed an associative priming task involvin... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817555 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817554&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17016730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cardon A Nowadays for robots, the notion of behavior is reduced to a simple factual concept at the level of the movements. On another hand, consciousness is a very cultural concept, founding the main property of human beings, according to themselves. We propose to develop a computable transposition of the consciousness concepts into artificial brains, able to express emotions and consciousness facts. The production of such artificial brains allows the intentional and really adaptive behavior for the autonomous robots. Such a system managing the robot's behavior will be made of two parts: the first one computes and generates, in a constructivist manner, a representation for the robot moving in its environment, and using symbols and concepts. The other part achieves the represen... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817554 Fri, 01 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817563&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16832687%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides an overview of recent developments in solving the timing problem (discreteness vs. continuity) in cognitive neuroscience. Both theoretical and empirical studies have been considered, with an emphasis on the framework of operational architectonics (OA) of brain functioning (Fingelkurts and Fingelkurts in Brain Mind 2:291-29, 2001; Neurosci Biobehav Rev 28:827-836, 2005). This framework explores the temporal structure of information flow and interarea interactions within the network of functional neuronal populations by examining topographic sharp transition processes in the scalp EEG, on the millisecond scale. We conclude, based on the OA framework, that brain functioning is best conceptualized in terms of continuity-discreteness unity which is also the characteristic ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817563 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817562&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16897063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sestieri C, Corbetta M PMID: 16897063 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817562 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817561&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16897064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soliūnas A, Gurciniene O, Alaburda A, Ruksenas O The role of parts versus that of wholes in a visual perception has been debated for a century as two opposite approaches, namely, an analytic and holistic. In two psychophysical experiments we investigated whether the stimulus completeness or distinctiveness is essential for identification of the partially presented patterns under brief presentation conditions. For this purpose, a special class of stimuli was constructed in such a way that the patterns could be divided into informative and redundant parts. The first experiment clearly demonstrated the importance of the redundant part for effective pattern identification for the majority of subjects. The second experiment revealed the direct dependence of identification acc... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817561 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817560&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16897065%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims at verifying if, in nontonal languages speakers, the discrimination of lexical Mandarin tones varies in function of the melodic ability. Forty-six students with no previous experience of Mandarin or any other tonal language were presented with two short lists of spoken monosyllabic Mandarin words and invited to perform a same-different task trying to identify whether the variation were phonological or tonal. Main results show that subjects perform significantly better in identifying phonological variations rather than tonal ones and interestingly, the group with a high melodic ability (assessed by Wing subtest 3) shows a better performance exclusively in detecting tonal variations. PMID: 16897065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817560 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817558&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16897067%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchetti G The paper presents the two main assumptions of Attentional Semantics--(A) and (B), and its main aim (C). (A) Conscious experience is determined by attention: there cannot be consciousness without attention. Consciousness is explained as the product of attentional activity. Attentional activity can be performed thanks to a special kind of energy: nervous energy. This energy is supplied by the organ of attention. When we perform attentional activity, we use our nervous energy. This activity directly affects the organ of attention, causing a variation in the state of the nervous energy. This variation constitutes the phenomenal aspect of consciousness. (B) Words are tools to pilot attention. The meanings of words isolate, de-contextualize, "freeze" and classify in an ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817558 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817540&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17455377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 17455377 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817540 Fri, 01 Sep 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817557&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16924463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bao Y, Pöppel E It has been demonstrated that the human visual field shows some functional inhomogeneities, in particular when the central and perifoveal regions are compared to the more peripheral regions. The present study examined this inhomogeneity by examining the effect of stimulus eccentricity on inhibition of return (IOR), a phenomenon that biases our attention towards novel locations against returning it back to previously attended locations. Eighteen subjects were examined in a visual detection task, in which a target appeared randomly following a nonpredictive spatial cue in the visual field. The eccentricities of the cues and targets were systematically manipulated from 5 degrees to 30 degrees with 5 degrees increments. Results showed that response times to ta... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817557 Tue, 22 Aug 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817569&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683170%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basso D, Olivetti Belardinelli M Feedforward control is a process adjusting behaviour in a continuative way. Feedforward takes place when an equilibrium state is disrupted and the system has to automatically retrieve the homeostatic stable state. It also occurs when a perturbation is previewed and must be eliminated in order to achieve a desired goal. According to the most general definition, a feedforward process operates by fixing the future representation of the desired state, the achieving of which stops the process. Then, feedforward works by means of the refinement determined by successive comparisons between the actual and target products. In its applications, a feedforward process is thought to be modulated by the subject's purpose and the environmental state. Over the... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817569 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817568&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683171%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macar F, Coull J, Vidal F The neural bases of timing mechanisms in the second-to-minute range are currently investigated using multidisciplinary approaches. This paper documents the involvement of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the encoding of target durations by reporting convergent fMRI data from motor and perceptual timing tasks. Event-related fMRI was used in two temporal procedures, involving (1) the production of an accurate interval as compared to an accurate force, and (2) a dual-task of time and colour discrimination with parametric manipulation of the level of attention attributed to each parameter. The first study revealed greater activation of the SMA proper in skilful control of time compared to force. The second showed that increasing attentional allocatio... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817568 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817567&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683172%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hadj-Bouziane F, Frankowska H, Meunier M, Coquelin PA, Boussaoud D Conditional visuo-motor learning consists in learning by trial and error to associate visual cues with correct motor responses, that have no direct link. Converging evidence supports the role of a large brain network in this type of learning, including the prefrontal and the premotor cortex, the basal ganglia BG and the hippocampus. In this paper we focus on the role of a major structure of the BG, the striatum. We first present behavioral results and electrophysiological data recorded from this structure in monkeys engaged in learning new visuo-motor associations. Visual stimuli were presented on a video screen and the animals had to learn, by trial and error, to select the correct movement of a joystick, in o... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817567 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817566&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683173%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined perceptual switching during ambiguous depth perception using a Necker cube stimulus, and also during binocular rivalry. Analysis of perceptual switching time series using variance-sample size analysis, spectral analysis and time series shuffling shows that switching times behave as a 1/f noise and possess very long range correlations. The long memory feature contrasts sharply with the traditional satiation models of multistability, where the memory is not incorporated, as well as with recently published models of multistability and neural processing, where memory is excluded. On the other hand, the long memory feature favors the concept of "dynamic core" or coalition of neurons, where neurons form transient coalitions. Perceptual switching then corresponds to replacement of one... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817566 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817565&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683174%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tirassa M PMID: 16683174 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817565 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817564&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16683175%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bottoni P, Cinque L, De Marsico M, Levialdi S, Panizzi E This paper reports on the research activities performed by the Pictorial Computing Laboratory at the University of Rome, La Sapienza, during the last 5 years. Such work, essentially is based on the study of humancomputer interaction, spans from metamodels of interaction down to prototypes of interactive systems for both synchronous multimedia communication and groupwork, annotation systems for web pages, also encompassing theoretical and practical issues of visual languages and environments also including pattern recognition algorithms. Some applications are also considered like e-learning and collaborative work. PMID: 16683175 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817564 Thu, 01 Jun 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817570&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16680469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bottoni P, Cinque L, De Marsico M, Levialdi S, Panizzi E This paper reports on the research activities performed by the Pictorial Computing Laboratory at the University of Rome, La Sapienza, during the last 5 years. Such work, essentially is based on the study of humancomputer interaction, spans from metamodels of interaction down to prototypes of interactive systems for both synchronous multimedia communication and groupwork, annotation systems for web pages, also encompassing theoretical and practical issues of visual languages and environments also including pattern recognition algorithms. Some applications are also considered like e-learning and collaborative work. PMID: 16680469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817570 Sat, 06 May 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817571&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16645882%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basso D, Olivetti Belardinelli M Feedforward control is a process adjusting behaviour in a continuative way. Feedforward takes place when an equilibrium state is disrupted and the system has to automatically retrieve the homeostatic stable state. It also occurs when a perturbation is previewed and must be eliminated in order to achieve a desired goal. According to the most general definition, a feedforward process operates by fixing the future representation of the desired state, the achieving of which stops the process. Then, feedforward works by means of the refinement determined by successive comparisons between the actual and target products. In its applications, a feedforward process is thought to be modulated by the subject's purpose and the environmental state. Over the... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817571 Fri, 28 Apr 2006 04:00:00 +0100 1817571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817573&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16628466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belardinelli P, Ciancetta L, Pizzella V, Del Gratta C, Romani GL During cognitive processing, the various cortical areas, with specialized functions, supply for different tasks. In most cases then, the information flows are processed in a parallel way by brain networks which work together integrating the single performances for a common goal. Such a step is generally performed at higher processing levels in the associative areas. The frequency range at which neuronal pools oscillate is generally wider than the one which is detectable by bold changes in fMRI studies. A high time resolution technique like magnetoencephalography or electroencephalography is therefore required as well as new data processing algorithms for detecting different coherent brain areas cooperating for on... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817573 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817572&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16628467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones MR, Barnes R, Brunetti R, Ellis R, Johnston H, Large E, Mackenzie N, McAuley D, Penel A, Puente J PMID: 16628467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817572 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1817572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817497&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sutton J PMID: 18239950 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817497 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817496&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson RA While memory is conceptualized predominantly as an individual capacity in the cognitive and biological sciences, the social sciences have most commonly construed memory as a collective phenomenon. Collective memory has been put to diverse uses, ranging from accounts of nationalism in history and political science to views of ritualization and commemoration in anthropology and sociology. These appeals to collective memory share the idea that memory "goes beyond the individual" but often run together quite different claims in spelling out that idea. This paper reviews a sampling of recent work on collective memory in the light of emerging externalist views within the cognitive sciences, and through some reflection on broader traditions of thought in the biological and ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817496 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817495&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239952%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Strange D, Gerrie MP, Garry M Since the invention of photography we have learned to rely on photos to help us remember significant moments in our lives. We have come to believe that photographs are accurate and valuable records of events that-years down the track-we may not be able to remember. In this paper, we review recent research demonstrating that photographs can also help us to "remember" events that never really happened. We trace the development of the leading false autobiographical memory paradigm, and we then describe research on the power of both fake narrative stories and fake photographs to cultivate false memories. PMID: 18239952 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817495 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817494&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stevens C, McKechnie S Contemporary dance-movement deliberately and systematically cultivated for its own sake-is examined in the light of the procedural and declarative view of long-term knowledge. We begin with a description of two settings in which new works of contemporary dance are created and performed. Although non-verbal, contemporary dance can be a language declared through movement and stillness of the body. Ideas for new movement material come from objects, events or imaginings that are spoken, seen, heard, imagined, or felt. Declared through movement, the idea becomes visible. Communication in dance involves general psychological processes such as direct visual perception of motion and force, motor simulation via mirror neurons, and implicit learning of movement vo... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817494 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817493&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Windhorst C In this paper the nature of the relationship between psychological mechanisms that process semantic information and those that process autobiographical memory is considered. On the basis of theoretical work by Endel Tulving, and empirical research into the construction of false memories, a novel model of autobiographical memory construction is proposed. This model is referred to as the slave model of autobiographical memory and has that the mechanisms responsible for the production of autobiographical memories are enslaved to those that support semantic information, in the sense that beliefs determine the content of autobiographical memory. Implications of the model for the potential double dissociation of semantic and episodic memory are considered; as are recent ... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817493 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817492&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reese E, Colombo M PMID: 18239955 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817492 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817491&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18239956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barnier AJ, Bryant RA, Campbell L, Cox R, Harris C, Hung L, Maccallum F, Sharman SJ The memory (and hypnosis) lab at the University of New South Wales investigates a broad range of memory topics. We try to find innovative methods from cognitive and clinical psychology to address theoretical and empirical questions about memory. We aso use hypnosis as one major methodological tool in our investigations of memory (as well as other cognitive processes). In this paper, we review the projects currently underway in our memory (and hypnosis) lab. PMID: 18239956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817491 Thu, 01 Dec 2005 05:00:00 +0100 1817491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817504&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hünefeldt T PMID: 18231818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817504 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817503&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231819%26dopt%3DAbstract We present novel methods for characterising single-unit activity based on the perspective of a downstream neurone and propose a simple yet universally applicable framework to characterise the order of complexity of neural coding by single units. We establish four orders of complexity in the capacity for neural coding. First-order coding, quantified by firing rates, is conveyed by frequencies and is thus entirely described by first moment processes. Second-order coding, represented by the variability of interspike intervals, is quantified by the log interval entropy. Third-order coding is the result of spike motifs that associate adjacent inter-spike intervals beyond chance levels; it is described by the joint interval histogram, and is measured by the mutual information between adjacent lo... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817503 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817502&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lancioni GE, Singh NN, O'Reilly MF, Oliva D Background: To introduce a person with multiple disabilities to a microswitch-aided program, one has to select a plausible response(s), that is, a response(s) that can be performed reliably and without excessive effort by the person and can successfully activate the microswitch(es) available (producing preferred stimuli). This paper provides an overview of the responses adopted for microswitch activation in research studies during the last 20 years. Method: Computerized and manual searches were carried out to identify the studies published between 1986 and 2005. Forty-eight research studies were identified. They concerned the use of (1) a single (typical) response, (2) a single (non-typical) response, (3) multiple (typical and non-ty... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817502 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817501&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haan EH, Kollenburg EN In this visual half field (VHF) experiment, we investigated possible differences between the left and the right hemisphere in the processing of the internal and external features of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Previous studies using famous and unknown faces had indicated that both hemispheres use the same qualitative mode of processing with the internal features being more important for the perception of familiar faces. In this experiment, personally familiar faces rather than famous faces are used. There are several, mainly methodological, reasons why personally familiar faces are more appropriate stimuli to investigate face processing. The results of the present study showed that no overall visual field effect occurred, but more importantly, that fa... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817501 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817500&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Urdiales C, Cortés U This paper presents an approach to imitation learning in robotics focusing on low level behaviours, so that they do not need to be encoded into sets and rules, but learnt in an intuitive way. Its main novelty is that, rather than trying to analyse natural human actions and adapting them to robot kinematics, humans adapt themselves to the robot via a proper interface to make it perform the desired action. As an example, we present a successful experiment to learn a purely reactive navigation behaviour using robotic platforms. Using Case Based Reasoning, the platform learns from a human driver how to behave in the presence of obstacles, so that no kinematics studies or explicit rules are required. PMID: 18231822 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognit... Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817500 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817499&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cangelosi A PMID: 18231823 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817499 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817498&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18231824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leeuwen C PMID: 18231824 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817498 Thu, 01 Sep 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817511&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18219507%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haken H, Portugali J In this paper, we make a preliminary attempt to approach the phenomenon of prospective memory (PM) from the point of view of Haken's theory of synergetics that refers to complex, self-organizing systems, in general, and to brain functioning and cognition, in particular. In the following, we consider one form of PM only-the so-called event- or cue-dependent PM. We first interpret cue-dependent PM in terms of synergetics and then applythe mathematical formalism of synergetics. PMID: 18219507 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817511 Wed, 01 Jun 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1817510&cid=s_38093_168_f&fid=38093&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18219508%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a theoretical framework according to which endogenous predictive cues facilitate target processing by orienting attention, thus amplifying processing at the attended location. In contrast, apart from attentional orienting, peripherally presented discrepant cues might trigger additional cue-target event-integration and event-segregation processes, which modulate processing in a different way, thus leading to cueing effects that are exclusively triggered by peripheral cues. PMID: 18219508 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cognitive Processing) Cognitive Processing journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1817510 Wed, 01 Jun 2005 04:00:00 +0100 1817510