MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Consciousness and Cognition' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:43:03 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645084&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jarosz AF, Colflesh GJ, Wiley J Abstract That alcohol provides a benefit to creative processes has long been assumed by popular culture, but to date has not been tested. The current experiment tested the effects of moderate alcohol intoxication on a common creative problem solving task, the Remote Associates Test (RAT). Individuals were brought to a blood alcohol content of approximately .075, and, after reaching peak intoxication, completed a battery of RAT items. Intoxicated individuals solved more RAT items, in less time, and were more likely to perceive their solutions as the result of a sudden insight. Results are interpreted from an attentional control perspective. PMID: 22285424 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645084 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645083&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Badgaiyan RD Abstract Because it is unclear how a nonconscious stimulus is cognitively processed, there is uncertainty concerning variables that modulate the processing. In this context recent findings of a set of neuroimaging experiments are important. These findings suggest that conscious and nonconscious stimuli activate same areas of the brain during performance of a similar task. Further, different areas are activated when a task is performed with or without awareness of processing. It appears that the neural network involved in cognitive processing depends on the awareness of processing rather than awareness of perception. Since conscious and nonconscious cognitive processing use separate neural networks, each processing is modulated by different variables. Attention... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645083 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645085&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273573%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang S, Zhu L, Guo X, Ma W, Yang Z, Dienes Z Abstract The study aims to help characterize the sort of structures about which people can acquire unconscious knowledge. It is already well established that people can implicitly learn n-grams (chunks) and also repetition patterns. We explore the acquisition of unconscious structural knowledge of symmetry. Chinese Tang poetry uses a specific sort of mirror symmetry, an inversion rule with respect to the tones of characters in successive lines of verse. We show, using artificial poetry to control both n-gram structure and repetition patterns, that people can implicitly learn to discriminate inversions from non-inversions, presenting a challenge to existing models of implicit learning. PMID: 22273573 [PubMed - as supplied by... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645085 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645087&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El Haj M, Fasotti L, Allain P Abstract The main objective of this paper was to examine the involuntary nature of music-evoked autobiographical memories. For this purpose, young adults, older adults, and patients with a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were asked to remember autobiographical events in two conditions: after being exposed to their own chosen music, and in silence. Compared to memories evoked in silence, memories evoked in the "Music" condition were found to be more specific, accompanied by more emotional content and impact on mood, and retrieved faster. In addition, these memories engaged less executive processes. Thus, with all these characteristics and the fact that they are activated by a perceptual cue (i.e., music), music-evoked au... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645087 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645086&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor JG Abstract We discuss experimental support for the existence of a corollary discharge signal of attention movement control and its formulation in terms of the corollary discharge of attention model of attention movement (CODAM). The data is from fMRI, MEG and EEG activity observed about 200ms after stimulus onset in various attention paradigms and in which the activity is mainly sited in parietal and extra-striate visual areas. Moreover the data arises from neural activity observed before report of a subject's experience occurs. The overall experimental support for the existence of a copy of the attention movement control signal generates, it is suggested, a viable route to explore the relation between this signal and human consciousness, as concluded in the paper.... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645086 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645088&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ziori E, Dienes Z Abstract The present experiment investigated the development of implicit and explicit knowledge during concept learning. According to Cleeremans and Jiménez (2002), the content of a representation can be conscious only when the representation is of a sufficiently good quality; on this theory, increasing explicit and decreasing implicit knowledge might be expected with training. The view that implicit knowledge arises from compilation of explicit knowledge makes the opposite prediction. The present research tested these possibilities using subjective measures based on confidence ratings. One group of participants was presented with blocks of category exemplars that activated prior knowledge, whereas another group was presented with blocks of categories th... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645088 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5607727&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248446%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the relations between properties of attentional networks and Mind Wandering (MW) across individuals. For the attentional networks, we measured three components of attention, known as alerting, orienting, and executive control, using the Attention Network Test (ANT). To investigate MW, we measured thought probes embedded in the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Moreover, four performance characteristics of the SART were calculated as behavioral indices of MW. Three of them showed significant associations with probed MW. Most research regarding MW focused on its relation to executive functions, while the present study revealed that MW, as indexed by self-reports and RT variability, was negatively correlated with orienting, specifically the exogenous orienting s... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5607727 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5607727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5607728&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore JW, Obhi SS Abstract It is nearly 10years since Patrick Haggard and colleagues first reported the 'intentional binding' effect (Haggard, Clark, & Kalogeras, 2002). The intentional binding effect refers to the subjective compression of the temporal interval between a voluntary action and its external sensory consequence. Since the first report, considerable interest has been generated and a fascinating array of studies has accumulated. Much of the interest in intentional binding comes from the promise to shed light on human agency. In this review we survey studies on intentional binding, focusing, in particular, on the link between intentional binding and the sense of agency (the experience of controlling action to influence events in the environment). We suggest ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5607728 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5607728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581965&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schafer G, Feilding A, Morgan CJ, Agathangelou M, Freeman TP, Valerie Curran H Abstract Cannabis acutely increases schizotypy and chronic use is associated with elevated rates of psychosis. Creative individuals have higher levels of schizotypy, however links between cannabis use, schizotypy and creativity have not been investigated. We investigated the effects of cannabis smoked naturalistically on schizotypy and divergent thinking, a measure of creativity. One hundred and sixty cannabis users were tested on 1day when sober and another day when intoxicated with cannabis. State and trait measures of both schizotypy and creativity were administered. Quartile splits compared those lowest (n=47) and highest (n=43) in trait creativity. Cannabis increased verbal fluency in low c... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581965 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581964&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brogaard B Abstract In a recent response paper to Brogaard (2011a), Morten Overgaard and Thor Grünbaum argue that my case for the claim that blindsight subjects are not visually conscious of the stimuli they correctly identify rests on a mistaken necessary criterion for determining whether a conscious experience is visual or non-visual. Here I elaborate on the earlier argument while conceding that the question of whether blindsight subjects are visually conscious of the visual stimuli they correctly identify largely is an empirical question. I conclude by sketching a method for testing whether blindsight subjects have visual consciousness of stimuli presented to them in their blind field. PMID: 22230357 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Co... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581964 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581967&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gerrans P Abstract Standard accounts of delusion explain them as responses to experience. Cognitive models of feature binding in the face recognition systems explain how experiences of mismatch between feelings of "familiarity" and faces can arise. Similar mismatches arise in phenomena such as déjà and jamais vu in which places and scenes are mismatched to feelings of familiarity. These cognitive models also explain similarities between the phenomenology of these delusions and some dream states which involve mismatch between faces, feelings of familiarity and identities. Given these similarities it makes sense to retain that aspect of the standard account in the face of revisionist arguments that feature binding anomalies which lead to delusions of misidentification are ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581967 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581966&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227271%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined processing of symbolic and non-symbolic (i.e., numerosity) representations asking whether they differ in automatic and intentional processing. Participants were presented with two-dimensional displays containing repetitions of a digit and were asked to report, in different blocks, whether the digit or numerosity was smaller or larger than 5. Incongruent trials differed either in laterality between the relevant and irrelevant dimensions (i.e., the location of both dimensions in reference to the midpoint 5) or in numerical distance between dimensions. Congruency affected performance regardless of symbolic or non-symbolic presentation. For incongruent trials, laterality (not distance) affected performance, again regardless of presentation. This implies that automaticity does not m... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581966 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581968&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gronholm PC, Flynn M, Edmonds CJ, Gardner MR Abstract The present study examined whether strategy moderated the relationship between visuospatial perspective-taking and empathy. Participants (N=96) undertook both a perspective-taking task requiring speeded spatial judgements made from the perspective of an observed figure and the Empathy Quotient questionnaire, a measure of trait empathy. Perspective-taking performance was found to be related to empathy in that more empathic individuals showed facilitated performance particularly for figures sharing their own spatial orientation. This relationship was restricted to participants that reported perspective-taking by mentally transforming their spatial orientation to align with that of the figure; it was absent in those adopti... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581968 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554011&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22205022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mealor A, Dienes Z Abstract This paper investigates the time it takes unconscious vs. conscious knowledge to form by using an improved "no-loss gambling" method to measure awareness of knowing. Subjects could either bet on a transparently random process or on their grammaticality judgment in an artificial grammar learning task. A conflict in the literature is resolved concerning whether unconscious rather than conscious knowledge is especially fast or slow to form. When guessing (betting on a random process), accuracy was above chance and RTs were longer than when feeling confident (betting on the grammaticality decision). In a second experiment, short response deadlines only interfered with the quality of confident decisions (betting on grammaticality). When people are un... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554011 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5554011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554012&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harry B, Davis C, Kim J Abstract The present study used masked repetition priming to examine whether face representations can be accessed without attention. Two experiments using a face recognition task (fame judgement) presented masked repetition and control primes in spatially unattended locations prior to target onset. Experiment 1 (n=20) used the same images as primes and as targets and Experiment 2 (n=17) used different images of the same individual as primes and targets. Repetition priming was observed across both experiments regardless of whether spatial attention was cued to the location of the prime. Priming occurred for both famous and non-famous targets in Experiment 1 but was only reliable for famous targets in Experiment 2, suggesting that priming in Experimen... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554012 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5554012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554014&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milán EG, Iborra O, Hochel M, Rodríguez Artacho MA, Delgado-Pastor LC, Salazar E, González-Hernández A Abstract In a variety of synaesthesia, photisms result from affect-laden stimuli as emotional words, or faces of familiar people. For R, who participated in this study, the sight of a familiar person triggers a mental image of "a human silhouette filled with colour". Subjective descriptions of synaesthetic experiences induced by the visual perception of people's figures and faces show similarities with the reports of those who claim to possess the ability to see the aura. It has been proposed that the purported auric perception may be easily explained by the presence of a specific subtype of cross-modal perception. We analyse the subjective reports of four synaesthete... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554014 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5554014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554013&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kahan TL, Sullivan KT Abstract The Metacognitive, Affective, Cognitive Experience (MACE) questionnaire was designed to assess metacognition across sleep and waking (Kahan & LaBerge, 1996). The present research evaluates the psychometric properties of the MACE. Data from two recent studies (N=185) were used to assess the inter-item consistency, test-retest reliability, and factorial, convergent, and discriminant validity of the MACE. Results show that the MACE is a reliable measure with good construct validity. Exploratory factor analyses revealed one self-regulation and two monitoring factors. One monitoring factor emphasized monitoring internal conditions; the other emphasized monitoring external conditions. This factor structure is consistent with the Metacognitive M... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554013 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5554013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554015&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22196966%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Malcolm-Smith S, Koopowitz S, Pantelis E, Solms M Abstract The influential threat simulation theory (TST) asserts that dreaming yields adaptive advantage by providing a virtual environment in which threat-avoidance may be safely rehearsed. We have previously found the incidence of biologically threatening dreams to be around 20%, with successful threat avoidance occurring in approximately one-fifth of such dreams. TST asserts that threat avoidance is over-represented relative to other possible dream contents. To begin assessing this issue, we contrasted the incidence of 'avoidance' dreams with that of their opposite: 'approach' dreams. Because TST states that the threat-avoidance function is only fully activated in ecologically valid (biologically threatening) contexts, we... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554015 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5554015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519535&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Burris CT, Lai E Abstract Based on the assumption that confrontation with one's physical reflection can be aversive, we explored the appeal of possible "escape routes" when incidentally exposed to one's mirror image. Compared to their no-exposure peers, individuals who felt less chronically "trapped" in their bodies showed increased interest in flow experiences and decreased interest in experiences involving low-level thinking or a subjective sense of meaning when exposed to their reflection. Mirror exposure also increased overall interest in "pure consciousness events," wherein the transcendence of space and time figures centrally. The aversive effects of even implicit confrontation with one's reflection therefore seem more diverse than anticipated based on existing frame... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519535 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5519535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519537&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154736%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hauschildt M, Peters MJ, Jelinek L, Moritz S Abstract The question whether memory aberrations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also manifest as an increased production of false memories is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, but is yet unsolved. Therefore, for the present study we investigated veridical and false recognition in PTSD with a new scenic variant of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, which was administered to traumatized individuals with PTSD (n=32), traumatized individuals without PTSD (n=30), and non-traumatized controls (n=30). The PTSD group neither produced higher rates of false memories nor expressed more confidence in errors, but did show inferior memory sensitivity. Whereas depressive symptoms did not correlate with ve... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519537 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5519537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519536&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154737%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stevenson RJ PMID: 22154737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519536 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5519536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519538&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22153187%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lopez JK, Fuxjager MJ Abstract There is a puzzle about why self-deception, a process that obscures the truth, is so pervasive in human behavior given that tracking the truth seems important for our survival and reproduction. William von Hippel and Robert Trivers argue that, despite appearances, there is good reason to think that self-deception is an adaptation by arguing: (1) self-deception leads to a positive self-perception and (2) a positive self-perception increases an individual's fitness. D.S. Neil Van Leeuwen, however, gives persuasive arguments against both steps. In response, we will defend both propositions, thereby supporting the conclusion that self-deception indeed has adaptive value. The first premise will be bolstered by a survey of the philosophical literat... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519538 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5519538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519539&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Persuh M, Ro T Abstract Our visual systems account for stimulus context in brightness perception, but whether such adjustments occur for stimuli that we are unaware of has not been established. We therefore assessed whether stimulus context influences brightness processing by measuring unconscious priming with metacontrast masking. When a middle-gray disk was presented on a darker (or brighter) background, such that it could be consciously perceived as brighter (or darker) via simultaneous brightness contrast (SBC), reaction times were significantly faster to a bright (or dark) annulus than to a dark (or bright) annulus. We further show that context-dependent brightness priming does not correlate with visibility using an objective measure of awareness (Experiment 1) and th... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519539 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5519539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364202&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Norman E, Price MC, Jones E, Dienes Z Abstract In Norman, Price, and Jones (2011), we argued that the ability to apply two sets of grammar rules flexibly from trial to trial on a "mixed-block" AGL classification task indicated strategic control over knowledge that was less than fully explicit. Jiménez (2011) suggested that our results do not in themselves prove that participants learned - and strategically controlled - complex properties of the structures of the grammars, but that they may be accounted for by learning of simple letter frequencies. We first explain why our main conclusions regarding strategic control and conscious awareness are a separable issue to this criticism. We then report additional data which show that our participants' ability to discriminate betw... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364202 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 23:53:09 +0100 5364202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364201&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henkel LA, Mattson ME Abstract Five experiments explored how source reliability influences people's tendency to rate statements as more credible when they were encountered earlier (the truth effect). Undergraduates read statements from one reliable source and one unreliable source. Statements read multiple times were perceived as more valid and were more often correctly identified on a general knowledge test than statements read once or not at all. This occurred at varying retention intervals whether the statements originated from a reliable or unreliable source, when people had little memory for the statements themselves or their source, and when the discrediting information about the sources came either before or after reading the facts. While repetition aided recognitio... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364201 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 23:52:25 +0100 5364201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364200&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ossowski U, Malinen S, Helton WS Abstract The present study was designed to explore the performance costs of negative emotional stimuli in a vigilance task. Forty participants (20 women) performed a vigilance task in two conditions: one with task-irrelevant negative-arousing pictures and one with task-irrelevant neutral pictures. In addition to performance, we measured subjective state (energetic arousal, tense arousal, task-related and task-unrelated thoughts) and frontal cerebral activity with near infrared spectroscopy. Overall performance in the negative picture condition was lower than in the neutral picture condition and the negative picture condition had elevated levels of energetic arousal, tense arousal and task-related thoughts. Moreover, there was a significant ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364200 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 23:51:37 +0100 5364200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364186&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22040535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bennouna-Greene M, Berna F, Conway MA, Rathbone CJ, Vidailhet P, Danion JM Abstract Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, which affects sense of identity. While the ability to have a coherent vision of the self (i.e., self-images) relies partly on its reciprocal relationships with autobiographical memories, little is known about how memories ground "self-images" in schizophrenia. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 25 controls were asked to give six autobiographical memories related to four self-statements they considered essential for defining their identity. Results showed that patients' self-images were more passive than those of controls. Autobiographical memories underlying self-images were less thematically linked to these self-images in patients. We also... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364186 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364188&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033437%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mar RA, Mason MF, Litvack A Abstract Daydreaming appears to have a complex relationship with life satisfaction and happiness. Here we demonstrate that the facets of daydreaming that predict life satisfaction differ between men and women (Study 1; N=421), that the content of daydreams tends to be social others (Study 2; N=17,556), and that who we daydream about influences the relation between daydreaming and happiness variables like life satisfaction, loneliness, and perceived social support (Study 3; N=361). Specifically, daydreaming about people not close to us predicts more loneliness and less perceived social support, whereas daydreaming about close others predicts greater life satisfaction. Importantly, these patterns hold even when actual social network depth and brea... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364188 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364187&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zucco GM, Job R PMID: 22033438 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364187 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364189&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22029965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vosgerau G, Synofzik M Abstract We defend our multifactorial weighting model of the sense of agency and our critique of the comparator model (Synofzik, Vosgerau, & Newen, 2008) against the critiques that have been brought forward by Carruthers (this issue) and Wong (this issue). Building on the specification of our model that emerges from this response, we will suggest a distinct mechanism how weighting of different agency factors might work: internal and external agency cues are constantly weighted according to their reliability in a given situation. Thus, the weighting process underlying the sense of agency might follow the principles of optimal cue integration. We review recent empirical evidence for this hypothesis, demonstrating that the multifactorial weighting m... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364189 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364190&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown R PMID: 22019307 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364190 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364191&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019214%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether manipulating self-identity, through an induction task in which students were led to believe they possessed high or low self-efficacy, impacted episodic specificity and content of retrieved and imagined events, as well as social problem solving. Compared to individuals in the low self efficacy group, individuals in the high self efficacy group generated past and future events with greater (a) specificity, (b) positive words, and (c) self-efficacious statements, and also performed better on social problem solving indices. A lack of episodic detail for future events predicted poorer performance on social problem solving tasks. Strategies that increase perceived self-efficacy may help individuals to selectively construct a past and future that aids in negotiating social pro... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364191 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364192&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22014465%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liuzza MT, Setti A, Borghi AM Abstract We investigated motor resonance in children using a priming paradigm. Participants were asked to judge the weight of an object shortly primed by a hand in an action-related posture (grasp) or a non action-related one (fist). The hand prime could belong to a child or to an adult. We found faster response times when the object was preceded by a grasp hand posture (motor resonance effect). More crucially, participants were faster when the prime was a child's hand, suggesting that it could belong to their body schema, particularly when the child's hand was followed by a light object (motor simulation effect). A control experiment helped us to clarify the role of the hand prime. To our knowledge this is the first behavioral evidence of mot... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364192 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364193&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22005087%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sperduti M, Martinelli P, Piolino P Abstract Meditation comprises a series of practices mainly developed in eastern cultures aiming at controlling emotions and enhancing attentional processes. Several authors proposed to divide meditation techniques in focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM) techniques. Previous studies have reported differences in brain networks underlying FA and OM. On the other hand common activations across different meditative practices have been reported. Despite differences between forms of meditation and their underlying cognitive processes, we propose that all meditative techniques could share a central process that would be supported by a core network for meditation since their general common goal is to induce relaxation, regulating atten... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364193 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364196&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001768%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gregory SM, Lambert A Abstract Attentional scanning was studied in anxious and non-anxious participants, using a modified change detection paradigm. Participants detected changes in pairs of emotional scenes separated by two task irrelevant slides, which contained an emotionally valenced scene (the 'distractor scene') and a visual mask. In agreement with attentional control theory, change detection latencies were slower overall for anxious participants. Change detection in anxious, but not non-anxious, participants was influenced by the emotional valence and exposure duration of distractor scenes. When negative distractor scenes were presented at subliminal exposure durations, anxious participants detected changes more rapidly than when supraliminal negative scenes or subl... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364196 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364195&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Richards A, M Hannon E, Vitkovitch M Abstract Inattentional Blindness (IB) occurs when observers engaged in resource-consuming tasks fail to see unexpected stimuli that appear in their visual field. Eye movements were recorded in a dynamic IB task where participants tracked targets amongst distractors. During the task, an unexpected stimulus crossed the screen for several seconds. Individuals who failed to report the unexpected stimulus were deemed to be IB. Being IB was associated with making more fixations and longer gaze times on distractor stimuli, being less likely to fixate the unexpected stimulus, and having lower working memory capacity than those who were not IB. Noticing the unexpected stimulus was not contingent upon fixating it, suggesting that some individuals... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364195 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364194&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seli P, Cheyne JA, Smilek D Abstract In two studies of a GO-NOGO task assessing sustained attention, we examined the effects of (1) altering speed-accuracy trade-offs through instructions (emphasizing both speed and accuracy or accuracy only) and (2) auditory alerts distributed throughout the task. Instructions emphasizing accuracy reduced errors and changed the distribution of GO trial RTs. Additionally, correlations between errors and increasing RTs produced a U-function; excessively fast and slow RTs accounted for much of the variance of errors. Contrary to previous reports, alerts increased errors and RT variability. The results suggest that (1) standard instructions for sustained attention tasks, emphasizing speed and accuracy equally, produce errors arising from atte... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364194 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364197&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22000594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Obhi SS PMID: 22000594 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364197 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364198&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goff P PMID: 21996376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364198 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5364199&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21993451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Potheegadoo J, Cuervo-Lombard C, Berna F, Danion JM Abstract Disturbances of perception of subjective time have been described in schizophrenia but have not been experimentally studied until now. We investigated how patients with schizophrenia estimate the subjective temporal distance (TD) of past personal events, i.e. how these events are perceived as subjectively close or distant in time. Twenty-five patients with schizophrenia and 25 control participants recalled 24 autobiographical memories from four different life periods. They estimated the subjective TD and rated the amount of detail of each memory. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia had a distorted perception of subjective TD. Their memories were significantly less detailed than those of controls and, ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5364199 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5364199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285304&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schüür F, Haggard P Abstract The concept of self-generated action is controversial, despite extensive study of its neural basis. Why is this concept so troublesome? We analyse the concept of self-generated action as employed by Passingham, Bengtsson, and Lau (2010a, 2010b). There are two definitions of self-generated action; as operant action and as underdetermined action. The latter draws on subjective experience. Experiments on action awareness suggest that experience may not be a good guide for defining self-generated action. Nevertheless, we agree with Passingham and colleagues that self-generated actions exist distinct from operant actions. But defining 'self-generated' by the degree of involvement of an endogenous process risks regress. We sketch an alternative acc... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285304 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285303&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uzzaman S, Joordens S Abstract Paralleling the recent work by Reichle, Reineberg, and Schooler (2010), we explore the use of eye movements as an objective measure of mind wandering while participants performed a reading task. Participants were placed in a self-classified probe-caught mind wandering paradigm while their eye movements were recorded. They were randomly probed every 2-3min and were required to indicate whether their mind had been wandering. The results show that eye movements were generally less complex when participants reported mind wandering episodes, with both duration and frequency of within-word regressions, for example, becoming significantly reduced. This is consistent with the theoretical claim that the cognitive processes that normally influence eye ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285303 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285306&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963402%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Varga K, Németh Z, Szekely A Abstract The purpose of our study was to measure the relationship between performance on various attentional tasks and hypnotic susceptibility. Healthy volunteers (N=116) participated in a study, where they had to perform several tasks measuring various attention components in a waking state: sustained attention, selective or focused attention, divided attention and executive attention in task switching. Hypnotic susceptibility was measured in a separate setting by the Waterloo-Stanford Groups Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form C (WSGC). We found no significant correlation between any of the attentional measures and hypnotic susceptibility. Highly hypnotizables did not prove to be superior to or worse than the other individuals in any of t... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285306 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285305&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van der Weiden A, Aarts H, Ruys KI Abstract Experiences of having caused a certain outcome may arise from motor predictions based on action-outcome probabilities and causal inferences based on pre-activated outcome representations. However, when and how both indicators combine to affect such self-agency experiences is still unclear. Based on previous research on prediction and inference effects on self-agency, we propose that their (combined) contribution crucially depends on whether people have knowledge about the causal relation between actions and outcomes that is relevant to subsequent self-agency experiences. Therefore, we manipulated causal knowledge that was either relevant or irrelevant by varying the probability of co-occurrence (50% or 80%) of specific actions an... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285305 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285309&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963257%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCabe DP, Geraci L, Boman JK, Sensenig AE, Rhodes MG Abstract The use of remember-know judgments to assess subjective experience associated with memory retrieval, or as measures of recollection and familiarity processes, has been controversial. In the current study we had participants think aloud during study and provide verbal reports at test for remember-know and confidence (i.e., sure-probably) judgments. Results indicated that the vast majority of remember judgments for studied items were associated with recollection from study (87%), but this correspondence was less likely for high-confidence judgments (72%). Instead, high-confidence judgments were more likely than remember judgments to be associated with incorrect recollection and a lack of recollection. Know judgme... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285309 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285308&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Lamsweerde AE, Beck MR Abstract Statistical properties in the visual environment can be used to improve performance on visual working memory (VWM) tasks. The current study examined the ability to incidentally learn that a change is more likely to occur to a particular feature dimension (shape, color, or location) and use this information to improve change detection performance for that dimension (the change probability effect). Participants completed a change detection task in which one change type was more probable than others. Change probability effects were found for color and shape changes, but not location changes, and intentional strategies did not improve the effect. Furthermore, the change probability effect developed and adapted to new probability information ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285308 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285307&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Opstal F, Calderon CB, Gevers W, Verguts T Abstract An important approach to understand how the brain gives rise to consciousness is to probe the depth of unconscious processing, thus to define the key features that cause conscious awareness. Here, we investigate the possibility for subliminal stimuli to shape the context for unconscious processing. Context effects have generally been assumed to require consciousness. In the present experiment, unconscious context processing was investigated by looking at the impact of the context on the response activation elicited by a subliminal prime. We compared the effects of the same subliminal prime on target processing when the prime was embedded in different unconscious contexts. Results showed that the same prime can evoke o... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285307 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285312&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21959201%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bigelsen J, Schupak C Abstract The experiences of 90 individuals who self-identify as "excessive" or "maladaptive" fantasizers are summarized in this report. Our sample consisted of 75 female and 15 male participants, ranging in age from 18 to 63 who responded to online announcements. Participants completed a 14-question emailed survey requesting descriptions of their fantasy habits and causes of potential distress regarding fantasy. Results demonstrated that participants shared a number of remarkably specific behaviors and concerns regarding their engagement in extensive periods of highly-structured, immersive imaginative experiences, including the use of kinesthetic activity which accompanies the fantasies of 79% of participants. Participants reported distress stemming f... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285312 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285311&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21959202%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandberg K, Bibby BM, Timmermans B, Cleeremans A, Overgaard M Abstract When consciousness is examined using subjective ratings, the extent to which processing is conscious or unconscious is often estimated by calculating task performance at the subjective threshold or by calculating the correlation between accuracy and awareness. However, both these methods have certain limitations. In the present article, we propose describing task accuracy and awareness as functions of stimulus intensity (thus obtaining an accuracy and an awareness curve) as suggested by Koch and Preuschoff (2007). The estimated lag between the curves describes how much stimulus intensity must increase for awareness to change proportionally as much as accuracy and the slopes of the curves are used to ass... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285311 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5285310&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21959203%26dopt%3DAbstract Loss of emotional insight in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or "frontal anosodiaphoria" Conscious Cogn. 2011 Sep 27; Authors: Mendez MF, Shapira JS Abstract Loss of insight is a prominent clinical manifestation of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), but its characteristics are poorly understood. Twelve bvFTD patients were compared with 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients on a structured insight interview of cognitive insight (awareness of having a disorder) and emotional insight (concern over having a disorder). Compared to the AD patients, the bvFTD patients were less aware and less concerned about their disorder, and they had less appreciation of its effects on themselves and on others. After corrective feedback ("updating"), the bvFTD patient... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5285310 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5285310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5269142&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wong HY PMID: 21945814 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5269142 Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5269142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5269143&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930399%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Overgaard M, Grünbaum T Abstract In a recent paper, Brogaard (2011) presents counter-arguments to the conclusions of an experiment with blindsight subject GR. She argues that contrary to the apparent findings that GR's preserved visual abilities relate to degraded visual experiences, she is in fact fully unconscious of the stimuli she correctly identifies. In this paper, we present arguments and evidence why Brogaard's argument does not succeed in its purpose. We suggest that not only is relevant empirical evidence in opposition to Brogaard's argument, her argument misconstrues necessary criteria to decide whether a conscious experience is visual or not visual. PMID: 21930399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5269143 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5269143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235967&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924641%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castellino N, Bosco FM, Marshall WL, Marshall LE, Veglia F Abstract The paper aims to assess the theory of mind (ToM) of sexual offenders. We administered to 21 sexual offenders and to 21 nonoffenders two classical first- and second-order ToM tasks, a selection of six Strange Stories, and a semi-structured interview, the Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s), which provides a multi-dimensional evaluation of ToM, investigating first- vs. third-person and egocentric vs. allocentric perspectives. Results show that sexual offenders performed worse than controls on second-order ToM tasks, on Strange Stories and on each of the Th.o.m.a.s dimensions, whereas they did as well as the control group on first-order ToM tasks. A detailed analysis of participants' performance on ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235967 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5235967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235966&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924642%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lloyd D PMID: 21924642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235966 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5235966 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235970&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920775%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berninger A, Döring S Abstract Wilke et al. (in press) make significant headway in gaining a better understanding of the influence affect cues may have on action perception and judgement. In our view their account also brings up a row of important questions demanding further research. This concerns (a) the role of conceptual and non-conceptual content and (b) the different effects emotions of the same valence may play in the perception and judgement of action. PMID: 21920775 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235970 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5235970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235969&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920776%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigate the relation between the experience of operant action, and responsibility for action outcomes using the intentional binding effect (Haggard, Clark, & Kalogeras, 2002) as an implicit, quantitative measure related to sense of agency. We studied the time at which people perceived simple manual actions and their effects, when these actions were embedded in scenarios where their actions had unpredictable consequences that could be either moral or merely economic. We found an enhanced binding of effects back towards the actions that caused them, implying an enhanced sense of agency, in moral compared to non-moral contexts. We also found stronger binding for effects with severely negative, compared to moderately negative, values. A tight temporal association betwe... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235969 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5235969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235968&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920777%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore JW, Fletcher PC Abstract Sense of agency (SoA) is a compelling but fragile experience that is augmented or attenuated by internal signals and by external cues. A disruption in SoA may characterise individual symptoms of mental illness such as delusions of control. Indeed, it has been argued that generic SoA disturbances may lie at the heart of delusions and hallucinations that characterise schizophrenia. A clearer understanding of how sensorimotor, perceptual and environmental cues complement, or compete with, each other in engendering SoA may prove valuable in deepening our understanding the agency disruptions that characterise certain focal neurological disorders and mental illnesses. Here we examine the integration of SoA cues in health and illness, describing a s... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235968 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5235968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223175&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baird B, Smallwood J, Schooler JW Abstract Given that as much as half of human thought arises in a stimulus independent fashion, it would seem unlikely that such thoughts would play no functional role in our lives. However, evidence linking the mind-wandering state to performance decrement has led to the notion that mind-wandering primarily represents a form of cognitive failure. Based on previous work showing a prospective bias to mind-wandering, the current study explores the hypothesis that one potential function of spontaneous thought is to plan and anticipate personally relevant future goals, a process referred to as autobiographical planning. The results confirm that the content of mind-wandering is predominantly future-focused, demonstrate that individuals with high... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223175 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223176&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911302%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Malley S, Besner D Abstract The results of two experiments provide the first direct demonstration that subjects can process a word lexically despite concurrently being engaged in decoding a task cue telling them which of two tasks to perform. These results, taken together with others, point to qualitative differences between the mind's ability to engage in lexical versus sublexical processing during the time they are engaged with other tasks. The emerging picture is one in which some form of resource(s) plays little role during lexical processing whereas the need for some form of resource(s) during sublexical processing serves to bottleneck performance. PMID: 21911302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223176 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223177&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885296%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine whether the "step back and watch" attitude of mindfulness manifests in less emotional behavior. We hypothesized that the "acceptance" facet of mindfulness, but not the "presence" facet, is negatively associated with the magnitude of emotional behavior in four tests, i.e., (1) rating of words, (2) rating of aversive and neutral pictures, and (3) evaluative conditioning (EC). Additionally, we hypothesized that (4) the acceptance facet is associated with increased reaction time (RT) in an emotional Stroop test, and that the presence facet is associated with decreased RT and lower error rate. The sample consisted of N=247 non-clinical adults and was tested in a cross-sectional study. The results provide partial evidence that the acceptance facet of mi... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223177 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223178&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCarthy-Jones S, Fernyhough C Abstract A resurgence of interest in inner speech as a core feature of human experience has not yet coincided with methodological progress in the empirical study of the phenomenon. The present article reports the development and psychometric validation of a novel instrument, the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ), designed to assess the phenomenological properties of inner speech along dimensions of dialogicality, condensed/expanded quality, evaluative/motivational nature, and the extent to which inner speech incorporates other people's voices. In response to findings that some forms of psychopathology may relate to inner speech, anxiety, depression, and proneness to auditory and visual hallucinations were also assessed. Anxiety, ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223178 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180629&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21875817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Isham EA, Geng JJ Abstract Past studies have shown that the perceived time of actions is retrospectively influenced by post-action events. The current study examined whether rewarding performance feedback (even when false) altered the reported time of action. In Experiment 1, participants performed a speeded button press task and received monetary reward for a presumed "fast," or a monetary punishment for a presumed "slow" response. Rewarded trials resulted in the false perception that the response action occurred earlier than punished trials. In Experiments 2 and 3, the need for a speeded response and reward were independently manipulated in order to decouple the cognitive and reward components in the feedback signal. When tested independently, neither variable affected t... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180629 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180630&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21873081%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amini R, Sabourin C, De Koninck J Abstract Scientific study of dreams requires the most objective methods to reliably analyze dream content. In this context, artificial intelligence should prove useful for an automatic and non subjective scoring technique. Past research has utilized word search and emotional affiliation methods, to model and automatically match human judges' scoring of dream report's negative emotional tone. The current study added word associations to improve the model's accuracy. Word associations were established using words' frequency of co-occurrence with their defining words as found in a dictionary and an encyclopedia. It was hypothesized that this addition would facilitate the machine learning model and improve its predictability beyond those of pr... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180630 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163906&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiménez L Abstract Norman et al. (in press) reported that participants exposed in succession to two artificial grammars could be able to learn implicitly about them, and could apply their knowledge strategically to select which string corresponds to one of these two grammars. In this commentary, I identify an artifact that could account for the learning obtained not only in this study, but also in some previous studies using the same procedures. I claim that more methodological control is needed before jumping to conclusions on the kind of strategic control that could be achieved unconsciously. PMID: 21868254 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163906 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5163906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5163905&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conduct M PMID: 21868255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5163905 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5163905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5145264&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21852157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D Abstract Involuntary autobiographical memories are spontaneously arising memories of personal events, whereas voluntary memories are retrieved strategically. Voluntary remembering has been studied in numerous experiments while involuntary remembering has been largely ignored. It is generally assumed that voluntary recall is the standard way of remembering, whereas involuntary recall is the exception. However, little is known about the actual frequency of these two types of remembering in daily life. Here, 48 Danish undergraduates recorded their involuntary versus voluntary autobiographical memories during a day using a mechanical counter. Involuntary memories were reported three times as frequently as voluntary memories. Compared to voluntary memor... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5145264 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5145264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5145265&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neisser J PMID: 21843954 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5145265 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5145265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5145266&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835644%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frankish K PMID: 21835644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5145266 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5145266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119741&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Norman E, Price MC, Jones E In response to concerns with existing procedures for measuring strategic control over implicit knowledge in artificial grammar learning (AGL), we introduce a more stringent measurement procedure. After two separate training blocks which each consisted of letter strings derived from a different grammar, participants either judged the grammaticality of novel letter strings with respect to only one of these two grammars (pure-block condition), or had the target grammar varying randomly from trial to trial (novel mixed-block condition) which required a higher degree of conscious flexible control. Random variation in the colour and font of letters was introduced to disguise the nature of the rule and reduce explicit learning. Strategic control was observ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119741 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119742&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821436%26dopt%3DAbstract Commentary on Dan Lloyd: "Neural correlates of Temporality" Conscious Cogn. 2011 Aug 5; Authors: Lee G PMID: 21821436 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119742 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119743&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saiki J, Yoshioka A, Yamamoto H Determining the nature of binding in grapheme-color synaesthesia has consequences for understanding the neural basis of synaesthesia and visual awareness in general. We evaluated type- and token-based letter-color binding using a synaesthetic version of the object-reviewing paradigm. Although mean response times failed to reveal any significant differences between synaesthetes and control participants, RT analyses with ex-Gaussian distributions revealed that the response facilitation in the synaesthesia group reflected type representations exclusively, while response facilitation in the control group, who learned letter-color associations, was dominated by token representations. Thus, letter-color associations in associator synaesthetes are type... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119743 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119744&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21813288%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hills PJ, Werno MA, Lewis MB Mood has varied effects on cognitive performance including the accuracy of face recognition (Lundh & Ost, 1996). Three experiments are presented here that explored face recognition abilities in mood-induced participants. Experiment 1 demonstrated that happy-induced participants are less accurate and have a more conservative response bias than sad-induced participants in a face recognition task. Using a remember/know/guess procedure, Experiment 2 showed that sad-induced participants had more conscious recollections of faces than happy-induced participants. Additionally, sad-induced participants could recognise all faces accurately, whereas, happy- and neutral-induced participants recognised happy faces more accurately than sad faces. In Experime... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119744 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119746&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peterson SA, Gibson TN Studies using Posner's spatial cueing paradigm have demonstrated that participants can allocate their attention to specific target locations based on the predictiveness of preceding cues. Four experiments were conducted to investigate attentional orienting processes operating in a high probability condition (cues 75% predictive) as compared to a low probability condition (cues 50% predictive) using various types of centrally-presented cues. Spatially-informative cues (arrows and circles with gaps) resulted in cueing effects (CEs) for both probability conditions, with significantly larger CEs in the high probability conditions than the low probability conditions. Participants in the high probability conditions reported little or no awareness of cue-target... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119746 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119745&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yarrow K, Jahn N, Durant S, Arnold DH In timing perception studies, the timing of one event is usually manipulated relative to another, and participants are asked to judge if the two events were synchronous, or to judge which of the two events occurred first. Responses are analyzed to determine a measure of central tendency, which is taken as an estimate of the timing at which the two events are perceptually synchronous. When these estimates do not coincide with physical synchrony, it is often assumed that the sensory signals are asynchronous, as though the transfer of information concerning one input has been accelerated or decelerated relative to the other. Here we show that, while this is a viable interpretation, it is equally plausible that such effects are driven by shift... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119745 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119747&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21803603%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loussouarn A, Gabriel D, Proust J Perceivers generally show a poor ability to detect changes, a condition referred to as "Change Blindness" (CB). They are, in addition, "blind to their own blindness". A common explanation of this "Change Blindness Blindness" (CBB) is that it derives from an inadequate, "photographical" folk-theory about perception. This explanation, however, does not account for intra-individual variations of CBB across trials. Our study aims to explore an alternative theory, according to which participants base their self-evaluations on two activity-dependent cues, namely search time and perceived success in prior trials. These cues were found to influence self-evaluation in two orthogonal ways: success-feedback influenced self-evaluation in a global, context... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119747 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119748&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frith C Over the last 20years the comparator model for delusions of control has received considerable support in terms of empirical studies. However, the original version clearly needs to be replaced by a model with a much greater degree of sophistication and specificity. Future developments are likely to involve the specification of the role of dopamine in the model and a generalisation of its explanatory power to the whole range of positive symptoms. However, we will still need to explain why symptoms can be so variable and we still do not understand the origin of the most mysterious symptom of all: thought insertion. PMID: 21802318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119748 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5119749&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798766%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bacon E, Huet N, Danion JM Subjective reports and theories about memory may have an influence on other beliefs and behaviours. Patients with schizophrenia suffer a wide range of deficits affecting their awareness of daily life, including memory. With the Metamemory Inventory in Adulthood (MIA) we ascertained patients' memory knowledge and thoughts about their own cognitive capacities and about several aspects of cognitive functioning: personal capacities, knowledge of processes, use of strategies, perceived change with ageing, anxiety, motivation and mastery. The participants' ratings were correlated with their intellectual, cognitive and psychiatric data. Patients felt they had a lower capacity and marginally lower mastery over their memory than comparison subjects. They repo... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5119749 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5119749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071533&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Savanah S PMID: 21784665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071533 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071535&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khalid S, König P, Ansorge U Visual masking of primes lowers prime visibility but spares processing of primes as reflected in prime-target congruence and prime-response compatibility effects. However, the question is how to appropriately measure prime visibility. Here, we tested the influence of three procedural variables on prime visibility measures: prime-target similarity, prime-response similarity, and the variability of prime-response mappings. Our results show that a low prime-target similarity is a favorable condition for a prime visibility measure because it increases the sensitivity of this measure in comparison to a high prime-target similarity. PMID: 21782468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071535 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071534&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown R In this paper I examine the dispute between Hakwan Lau, Ned Block, and David Rosenthal over the extent to which empirical results can help us decide between first-order and higher-order theories of consciousness. What emerges from this is an overall argument to the best explanation against the first-order view of consciousness and the dispelling of the mythological notion of phenomenological overflow that comes with it. PMID: 21782469 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071534 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071536&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21778069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mandik P I respond to the separate commentaries by Jacob Berger, Charlie Pelling, and David Pereplyotchik on my paper, "Color-Consciousness Conceptualism." I resist Berger's suggestion that mental colors ever enter consciousness without accompaniment by deployments of concepts of their extra-mental counterparts. I express concerns about Pelling's proposal that a more uniform conceptualist treatment of phenomenal sorites can be gained by a simple appeal to the partial overlap of the extensions of some concepts. I question the relevance to perceptual consciousness of the arguments for demonstrative concepts that Pereplyotchik attacks. PMID: 21778069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071536 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071538&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764331%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamada Y, Kawabe T Emotion modulates our time perception. So far, the relationship between emotion and time perception has been examined with visible emotional stimuli. The present study investigated whether invisible emotional stimuli affected time perception. Using continuous flash suppression, which is a kind of dynamic interocular masking, supra-threshold emotional pictures were masked or unmasked depending on whether the retinal position of continuous flashes on one eye was consistent with that of the pictures on the other eye. Observers were asked to reproduce the perceived duration of a frame stimulus that was concurrently presented with a masked or unmasked emotional picture. As a result, negative emotional stimuli elongated the perceived duration of the frame stimulus... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071538 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071537&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764332%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guggisberg AG, Dalal SS, Schnider A, Nagarajan SS PMID: 21764332 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071537 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5071539&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21757377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilke C, Synofzik M, Lindner A When interacting with the world, we need to distinguish whether sensory information results from external events or from our own actions. The nervous system most likely draws this distinction by comparing the actual sensory input with an internal prediction about the sensory consequences of one's actions. However, interacting with the world also requires an evaluation of the outcomes of self-action, e.g. in terms of their affective valence. Here we show that subjects' perceived pointing direction does not only depend on predictive and sensory signals related to the performed action itself, but also on the affective valence of the action outcome: subjects perceived their movements as directed towards positive and away from negative outcomes. Our f... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5071539 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5071539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025467&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: D'Agostino A, Scarone S PMID: 21745751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025467 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025468&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21742516%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alessandria M, Vetrugno R, Cortelli P, Montagna P While dreaming amputees often experience a normal body image and the phantom limb may not be present. However, dreaming experiences in amputees have mainly been collected by questionnaires. We analysed the dream reports of amputated patients with phantom limb collected after awakening from REM sleep during overnight videopolysomnography (VPSG). Six amputated patients underwent overnight VPSG study. Patients were awakened during REM sleep and asked to report their dreams. Three patients were able to deliver an account of a dream. In all dreaming recalls, patients reported that the amputated limbs were intact and completely functional and they no longer experienced phantom limb sensations. Phantom limb experiences, that during wa... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025468 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025469&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21741273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coomans D, Deroost N, Zeischka P, Soetens E We investigated the automaticity of implicit sequence learning by varying perceptual load in a pure perceptual sequence learning paradigm. Participants responded to the randomly changing identity of a target, while the irrelevant target location was structured. In Experiment 1, the target was presented under low or high perceptual load during training, whereas testing occurred without load. Unexpectedly, no sequence learning was observed. In Experiment 2, perceptual load was introduced during the test phase to determine whether load is required to express perceptual knowledge. Learning itself was unaffected by visuospatial demands, but more learning was expressed under high load test conditions. In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025469 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025470&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21737311%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this work was to study dreams in PD and TLE patients using a common functional model of dream production involving the limbic and paralimbic structures. Dreams were characterised in early-stage PD (19 males) and TLE patients (52) with dream diaries classified by the Hall van de Castle system and were compared with matched controls. In PD, there were significant differences between patients' dreams and those of controls: animals, physical aggression, and a befriender were more common in patients, and aggressor and bodily misfortunes were less common. The dreams of patients with frontal dysfunction showed more aggressive features. TLE patients had lower recall than PD patients and a higher proportion of dreams involving family and familiar settings, lower proportions involvi... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025470 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025471&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723748%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fiacconi CM, Milliken B In a series of four experiments, we examine the hypothesis that selective attention is crucial for the generation of conscious knowledge of contingency information. We investigated this question using a spatial priming task in which participants were required to localize a target letter in a probe display. In Experiment 1, participants kept track of the frequency with which the predictive letter in the prime appeared in various locations. This manipulation had a negligible impact on contingency awareness. Subsequent experiments requiring participants to attend to features (color, location) of the predictive letter increased contingency awareness somewhat, but there remained a large proportion of individuals who remained unaware of the strong contingency... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025471 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025472&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dieguez S, Scherer J, Blanke O People tend to grossly overestimate the size of their mirror-reflected face. Although this overestimation bias is robust, not much is known about its relationships to self-face perception. In two experiments, we investigated the overestimation bias as a function of the presentation of the own face (left-right reversed - as in a mirror - or nonreversed - as in a photograph), the identity of the seen face, and prior exposure to a real mirror. For this we developed a computerized task requiring size estimations of displayed faces. We replicated the observation that people overestimate the size of their mirror-reflected face and showed that the overestimation can be reduced following a brief mirror exposure. We also found that left-right reversal mod... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025472 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025473&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21719310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hohwy J What Joseph Neisser calls for is exactly right: more philosophy of science will help us better understand and refine the idea of neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). But (i) the key bit of philosophy of science Neisser appeals to is itself in need of clarification; (ii) the orthodox NCC definition is more resourceful than Neisser allows, and (iii) it is possible to resist the phenomenological conception of conscious experience that fuels some of Neisser's argument. PMID: 21719310 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025473 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025474&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21708473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diaz-Leon E PMID: 21708473 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025474 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976666&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21704531%26dopt%3DAbstract Sticking to one's diet: Commentary on "Quining diet qualia" by Keith Frankish. Conscious Cogn. 2011 Jun 23; Authors: Kind A PMID: 21704531 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976666 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976665&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21704532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saurat MT, Agbakou M, Attigui P, Golmard JL, Arnulf I To test if dreams contain remote or never-experienced motor skills, we collected during 6weeks dream reports from 15 paraplegics and 15 healthy subjects. In 9/10 subjects with spinal cord injury and in 5/5 with congenital paraplegia, voluntary leg movements were reported during dream, including feelings of walking (46%), running (8.6%), dancing (8%), standing up (6.3%), bicycling (6.3%), and practicing sports (skiing, playing basketball, swimming). Paraplegia patients experienced walking dreams (38.2%) just as often as controls (28.7%). There was no correlation between the frequency of walking dreams and the duration of paraplegia. In contrast, patients were rarely paraplegic in dreams. Subjects who had never walked or stop... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976665 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976667&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21700478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gamez D, Aleksander I A number of people have suggested that there is a link between information integration and consciousness, and a number of algorithms for calculating information integration have been put forward. The most recent of these is Balduzzi and Tononi's state-based Φ algorithm, which has factorial dependencies that severely limit the number of neurons that can be analyzed. To address this issue an alternative state-based measure known as liveliness has been developed, which uses the causal relationships between neurons to identify the areas of maximum information integration. This paper outlines the state-based Φ and liveliness algorithms and sets out a number of test networks that were used to compare their accuracy and performance. The results show that livel... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976667 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976668&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21689948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montague M PMID: 21689948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976668 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976670&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21684179%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raes AK, Raedt RD Research has shown repeatedly that attention influences implicit learning effects. In a similar vein, interoceptive awareness might be involved in unaware fear conditioning: The fact that the CS is repeatedly presented in the context of aversive bodily experiences might facilitate the development of conditioned responding. We investigated the role of interoceptive attention in a subliminal conditioning paradigm. Conditioning was embedded in a spatial cueing task with subliminally presented cues that were followed by a masking stimulus. Response times to the targets that were either validly or invalidly predicted by the cues served as index of conditioning. Interoceptive attention was manipulated between-subjects. Half the participants completed a heartbeat de... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976670 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976669&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21684180%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simner J, Hung WY, Shillcock R Studies of linguistic synaesthesias in English have shown a range of fine-grained language mechanisms governing the associations between colours on the one hand, and graphemes, phonemes and words on the other. However, virtually nothing is known about how synaesthetic colouring might operate in non-alphabetic systems. The current study shows how synaesthetic speakers of Mandarin Chinese come to colour the logographic units of their language. Both native and non-native Chinese speakers experienced synaesthetic colours for characters, and for words spelled in the Chinese spelling systems of Pinyin and Bopomo. We assessed the influences of lexical tone and Pinyin/Bopomo spelling and showed that synaesthetic colours are assigned to Chinese words in a... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976669 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976671&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21665491%26dopt%3DAbstract The irrelevance of dispositions and difficulty to intuitions about the "hard problem" of consciousness: A response to Sytsma, Machery, and Huebner. Conscious Cogn. 2011 Jun 10; Authors: Talbot B PMID: 21665491 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976671 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976673&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21664146%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the ability of patients with BD and controls to imagine positive, negative and neutral future events using a modified version of the Autobiographical Interview (Levine, Svoboda, Hay, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 2002) that allowed for separation of episodic and non-episodic details. Patients were selectively impaired in imagining future positive, negative, and neutral episodic details; simulation of non-episodic details was equivalent across groups. PMID: 21664146 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976673 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4976672&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21664147%26dopt%3DAbstract This study measured the time course of subliminal and supraliminal priming by homonyms with a frequent (dominant) and a rare (subordinate) meaning in a neutral context, using a lexical decision task. In the subliminal condition, priming across prime-target asynchronies ranging from 100ms to 1.5s indicated that the dominant meaning of homonyms was facilitated and the subordinate meaning was inhibited. This indicates that selection of meaning was much faster with subliminal presentation than with supraliminal presentation. Awareness of a prime might decelerate an otherwise rapid selection process. PMID: 21664147 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4976672 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4976672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927814&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hooper N, Davies N, Davies L, McHugh L The current study compared thought suppression, focused attention (mindfulness) and unfocused attention as strategies for managing spider fear. Spider fearful participants were exposed to a strategy induction before completing a Behavioural Approach Test (BAT). The BAT is a 10 step measurement of how close participants are willing to move towards a spider. Participants were instructed to use what they learned in the pre-BAT induction to help them advance through the steps of the BAT. The results of the study indicated that participants given the thought suppression or the unfocused attention induction moved through significantly less steps of the BAT than did those given the focused attention (mindful) induction. Additionally, the thought... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927814 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927813&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658972%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asano M, Yokosawa K Determinants of synesthetic color choice for Japanese phonetic characters were studied in six Japanese synesthetes. The study used Hiragana and Katakana characters, which represent the same set of syllables although their visual forms are dissimilar. From a palette of 138 colors, synesthetes selected a color corresponding to each character. Results revealed that synesthetic color choices for Hiragana characters and those for their Katakana counterparts were remarkably consistent, indicating that color selection depended on character-related sounds and not visual form. This Hiragana-Katakana invariance cannot be regarded as the same phenomenon as letter case invariance, usually reported for English grapheme-color synesthesia, because Hiragana and Katakana ch... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927813 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927816&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21652222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stevenson RJ It has been suggested that there maybe no olfactory illusions. This manuscript examines this claim and argues that it arises because olfactory illusions are not typically accompanied by an awareness of their illusory nature. To demonstrate that olfactory illusions do occur, the relevant empirical literature is reviewed, by examining instances of where the same stimulus results in different percepts, and of where different stimuli result in the same percept. The final part of the manuscript evaluates the evidence favoring the existence of olfactory illusions, and then examines why they may not typically be accompanied by awareness. Three contributory mechanisms are discussed, relating to difficulty of verification and paucity of olfactory knowledge, the role of cha... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927816 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927815&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21652223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suchy-Dicey CM PMID: 21652223 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927815 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927817&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641823%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined whether it is possible to feel localized at two distinct places at the same time. Participants (N=30) were exposed to a virtual rollercoaster and they continuously judged to what extent they felt present in the immediate environment and in the mediated environment, respectively. The results show that participants distributed their self-localization to both environments, and the two values added up to closely 100% over time. In addition, even though the judgments are highly idiosyncratic, they were almost perfectly inversely related. This indicates that individuals can distribute their self over two distinct places. These findings provide important insights about understanding of the human self-localization. PMID: 21641823 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927817 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927818&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Elk M, Paulus M, Pfeiffer C, van Schie HT, Bekkering H Many studies have suggested that the motor system is organized in a hierarchical fashion, around the prototypical end location associated with using objects. However, most studies supporting the hierarchical view have used well-known actions and objects that are highly over-learned. Accordingly, at present it is unclear if the hierarchical principle applies to learning the use of novel objects as well. In the present study we found that when learning to use a novel object subjects acquired an action representation of the end location associated with using the object, as evidenced by slower responses in an action observation task, when the object was presented at an incorrect end location. By showing the importance of k... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927818 Wed, 01 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927819&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21636291%26dopt%3DAbstract Concepts or metacognition - What is the issue? Commentary on Stephane Savanah's "The concept possession hypothesis of self-consciousness" Conscious Cogn. 2011 May 31; Authors: Musholt K The author claims that concept possession is not only necessary but also sufficient for self-consciousness, where self-consciousness is understood as the awareness of oneself as a self. Further, he links concept possession to intelligent behavior. His ultimate aim is to provide a framework for the study of self-consciousness in infants and non-human animals. I argue that the claim that all concepts are necessarily related to the self-concept remains unconvincing and suggest that what might be at issue here are not so much conceptual but rather metacognitive abilities. PMID: 21636291 [PubMed ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927819 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4927820&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21632262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Graaf TA, Cornelsen S, Jacobs C, Sack AT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to mask visual stimuli, disrupting visual task performance or preventing visual awareness. While TMS masking studies generally fix stimulation intensity, we hypothesized that varying the intensity of TMS pulses in a masking paradigm might inform several ongoing debates concerning TMS disruption of vision as measured subjectively versus objectively, and pre-stimulus (forward) versus post-stimulus (backward) TMS masking. We here show that both pre-stimulus TMS pulses and post-stimulus TMS pulses could strongly mask visual stimuli. We found no dissociations between TMS effects on the subjective and objective measures of vision for any masking window or intensity, ruling out the option ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4927820 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4927820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881903&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21622010%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dow JM PMID: 21622010 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881903 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881904&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21621425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White RC, Aimola Davies AM, Davies M A simple experimental paradigm creates the powerful illusion that one is touching one's own hand even when the two hands are separated by 15cm. The participant uses her right hand to administer stimulation to a prosthetic hand while the Examiner provides identical stimulation to the participant's receptive left hand. Change in felt position of the receptive hand toward the prosthetic hand has previously led to the interpretation that the participant experiences self-touch at the location of the prosthetic hand, and experiences a sense of ownership of the prosthetic hand. Our results argue against this interpretation. We assessed change in felt position of the participant's receptive hand but we also assessed change in felt position of the p... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881904 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881905&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21605985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sheridan H, Reingold EM Three experiments introduced a recognition memory paradigm designed to investigate reported subjective awareness during retrieval. At study, in Experiments 1A and 2, words were either generated or read (generation), while modality of presentation (auditory versus visual) was manipulated in Experiment 1B. Word pairs (old/new or new/new) were presented during test trials, and participants indicated if they contained an old word by responding "remember", "know" or "new" in Experiments 1A and 1B, and by responding "strong no", "weak no", "weak yes", or "strong yes" in Experiment 2. Participants were then required to decide which of the 2 words was old. We demonstrated that the proportion measures used in the Remember Know paradigm substantially underestimat... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881905 Fri, 20 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881907&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21602060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brewer GA, Knight J, Thadeus Meeks J, Marsh RL The role of imagery in encoding event-based prospective memories has yet to be fully clarified. Herein, it is argued that imagery augments a cue-to-context association that supports event-based prospective memory performance. By this account, imagery encoding not only improves prospective memory performance but also reduces interference to intention-related information that occurs outside of context. In the current study, when lure words occurred outside of the appropriate responding context, the use of imagery encoding strategies resulted in less interference when compared with a standard event-based intention condition. This difference was eliminated when participants were not given a specific context to associate their intentio... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881907 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881906&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21602061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bob P, Mashour GA Current thinking suggests that dissociation could be a significant comorbid diagnosis in a proportion of schizophrenic patients with a history of trauma. This potentially may explain the term "schizophrenia" in its original definition by Bleuler, as influenced by his clinical experience and personal view. Additionally, recent findings suggest a partial overlap between dissociative symptoms and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which could be explained by inhibitory deficits. In this context, the process of dissociation could serve as an important conceptual framework for understanding schizophrenia, which is supported by current neuroimaging studies and research of corollary discharges. These data indicate that the original conception of "split mind" ma... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881906 Thu, 19 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881908&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21601478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antonietti A PMID: 21601478 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881908 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4881909&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21596586%26dopt%3DAbstract We present data suggesting that verifiable philosophical expertise in the free will debate-as measured by a reliable and validated test of expert knowledge-does not eliminate the influence of one important extraneous feature (i.e., the heritable personality trait extraversion) on judgments concerning freedom and moral responsibility. These results suggest that, in at least some important cases, the expertise defense fails. Implications for the practice of philosophy, experimental philosophy, and applied ethics are discussed. PMID: 21596586 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4881909 Mon, 16 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4881909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829171&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Campbell J PMID: 21570876 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829171 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829170&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Valli K Biological realism (Revonsuo, 2001, 2006) states that dreaming is a biological phenomenon and therefore explainable in naturalistic terms, similar to the explanation of other biological phenomena. In the biological sciences, the structure of explanations can be described with the help of a framework called 'multilevel explanation'. The multilevel model provides a context that assists to clarify what needs to be explained and how, and how to place different theories into the same model. Here, I will argue that the multilevel framework would be useful when we try to construct scientific explanations of dreaming. PMID: 21570877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829170 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829173&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sytsma J, Machery E In previous work, we presented evidence suggesting that ordinary people do not conceive of subjective experiences as having phenomenal qualities. We then argued that these findings undermine a common justification given for the reality of the hard problem of consciousness. In a thought-provoking article, Talbot has challenged our argument. In this article, we respond to his criticism. PMID: 21570319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829173 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829172&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21570320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klapötke S, Krüger D, Mattler U Visual stimuli that are made invisible by a following mask can nonetheless affect motor responses. To localize the origin of these target priming effects we used the psychological refractory period paradigm. Participants classified tones as high or low, and responded to the position of a visual target that was preceded by a prime. The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between both tasks varied. In Experiment 1 the tone task was followed by the position task and SOA dependent target priming effects were observed. When the visual position task preceded the tone task in Experiment 2, with short SOA the priming effect propagated entirely to the tone task yielding faster responses to tones on visually congruent trials and delayed responses to tones o... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829172 Tue, 10 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829174&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21555226%26dopt%3DAbstract This article investigates how auditory attention affects inattentional blindness (IB), a failure of conscious awareness in which an observer does not notice an unexpected event because their attention is engaged elsewhere. Previous research using the attentional blink paradigm has indicated that listening to music can reduce failures of conscious awareness. It was proposed that listening to music would decrease IB by reducing observers' frequency of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs). Observers completed an IB task that varied both visual and auditory demands. Listening to music was associated with significantly lower IB, but only when observers actively attended to the music. Follow-up experiments suggest this was due to the distracting qualities of the audio task. The results also suggest a ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829174 Fri, 06 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829176&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21550825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Francken JC, Gaal SV, de Lange FP Subliminal primes are assumed to produce weaker and short-lived effects on subsequent behavior compared to clearly visible primes. However, this difference in priming effect may be due to differences in signal strength, rather than level of awareness. In the present study we manipulated prime discriminability by using metacontrast masks and pseudomasks, while keeping the prime strength equal. This manipulation resulted in large differences in discriminability of the primes. However, both immediate response priming and long-term response priming (measured with conflict adaptation) was equal for the poorly discriminable and well discriminable primes, and equal for groups that differed markedly in terms of how well they could discriminate the pri... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829176 Thu, 05 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829177&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21543237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frankish K This paper asks whether we can identify a neutral explanandum for theories of phenomenal consciousness, acceptable to all sides. The 'classic' conception of qualia, on which qualia are intrinsic, ineffable, and subjective, will not serve this purpose, but it is widely assumed that a watered-down 'diet' conception will. I argue that this is wrong and that the diet notion of qualia has no distinctive content. There is no phenomenal residue left when qualia are stripped of their intrinsicality, ineffability, and subjectivity. Thus, if we reject classic qualia realism, we should accept that all that needs explaining are 'zero' qualia - our dispositions to judge that our experiences have classic qualia. Diet qualia should, in Dennett's phrase, be quined. PMID: 215432... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829177 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829178&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21536458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bertamini M, Berselli N, Bode C, Lawson R, Wong LT In the rubber hand illusion (RHI) one's hand is hidden, and a fake hand is visible. We explored the situation in which visual information was available indirectly in a mirror. In the mirror condition, compared to the standard condition (fake hand visible directly), we found no reduction of the RHI following synchronised stimulation, as measured by crossmanual pointing and by a questionnaire. We replicated the finding with a smaller mirror that prevented visibility of the face. The RHI was eliminated when a wooden block replaced the fake hand, or when the hand belonged to another person or mannequin. We conclude that awareness of the reflection is the critical variable, despite the distant visual localisation of the hand in a m... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829178 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829180&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21531581%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nijboer TC, Satris G, Stigchel SV Recent research on grapheme-colour synesthesia has focused on whether visual attention is necessary to induce a synesthetic percept. The current study investigated the influence of synesthesia on overt visual attention during an oculomotor target selection task. Chromatic and achromatic stimuli were presented with one target among distractors (e.g. a '2' (target) among multiple '5's (distractors)). Participants executed an eye movement to the target. Synesthetes and controls showed a comparable target selection performance across conditions and a 'pop-out effect' was only seen in the chromatic condition. As a pop-out effect was absent for the synesthetes in the achromatic condition, a synesthetic element appears not to elicit a synesthetic col... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829180 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829179&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21531582%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berger J Mandik understands color-consciousness conceptualism to be the view that one deploys in a conscious qualitative state concepts for every color consciously discriminated by that state. Some argue that the experimental evidence that we can consciously discriminate barely distinct hues that are presented together but cannot do so when those hues are presented in short succession suggests that we can consciously discriminate colors that we do not conceptualize. Mandik maintains, however, that this evidence is consistent with our deploying a variety of nondemonstrative concepts for those colors and so does not pose a threat to conceptualism. But even if Mandik has shown that we deploy such concepts in these experimental conditions, there are cases of conscious states that ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829179 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4829183&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21531149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Collerton D, Perry E Comparing the phenomenology, neurochemical pathology, and psychopharmacology of hallucinations and dreaming is limited by the available data. Evidence to date reveals no simple correspondence between the two states. Differences in the phenomenology of visual hallucinations and the visual component of dreams may reflect variations in visual context acting on the same underlying mechanism - the minimal visual input during dreaming contrasts with the more substantial perceived context in hallucinations. Variations in cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter function during sleep and during hallucinations in Lewy body dementias, together with relevant drug effects suggest that, on the whole, different, potentially opposite, changes character... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4829183 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4829183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775035&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21514850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corns J PMID: 21514850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775035 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775036&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507681%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared professional and amateur classical musicians matched for age, gender, and education on reaction times during the Stroop color-word test, brainwaves during an auditory ERP task and during paired reaction-time tasks, responses on the Gibbs Sociomoral Reflection questionnaire, and self-reported frequencies of peak experiences. Professional musicians were characterized by: (1) lower color-word interference effects (Stroop task), (2) faster categorization of rare expected stimuli (P3b), and a trend for faster processing of rare unexpected stimuli (P3a), (3) higher scores on the Sociomoral Reflection questionnaire, and (4) more frequent peak experiences during rest, tasks, and sleep. Both groups had high values on the Brain Integration Scale. These findings are interpreted in... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775036 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775038&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21498086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Llewellyn S If both waking and dreaming consciousness are functional, their de-differentiation would be doubly detrimental. Differentiation between waking and dreaming is achieved through neuromodulation. During dreaming, without external sensory data and with mesolimbic dopaminergic input, hyper-cholinergic input almost totally suppresses the aminergic system. During waking, with sensory gates open, aminergic modulation inhibits cholinergic and mesocortical dopaminergic suppresses mesolimbic. These neuromodulatory systems are reciprocally interactive and self-organizing. As a consequence of neuromodulatory reciprocity, phenomenologically, the self and the world that appear during dreaming differ from those that emerge during waking. As a result of self-organizing, the self an... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775038 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775037&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21498087%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guggisberg AG, Dalal SS, Schnider A, Nagarajan SS We explored the neural mechanisms allowing humans to report the subjective onset times of conscious events. Magnetoencephalographic recordings of neural oscillations were obtained while human subjects introspected the timing of sensory, intentional, and motor events during a forced choice task. Brain activity was reconstructed with high spatio-temporal resolution. Event-time introspection was associated with specific neural activity at the time of subjective event onset which was spatially distinct from activity induced by the event itself. Different brain regions were selectively recruited for introspection of different event types, e.g., the bilateral angular gyrus for introspection of intention. Our results suggest that even... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775037 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775042&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21489820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubin DC, Dennis MF, Beckham JC To provide the three-way comparisons needed to test existing theories, we compared (1) most-stressful memories to other memories and (2) involuntary to voluntary memories (3) in 75 community dwelling adults with and 42 without a current diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Each rated their three most-stressful, three most-positive, seven most-important and 15 word-cued autobiographical memories, and completed tests of personality and mood. Involuntary memories were then recorded and rated as they occurred for 2weeks. Standard mechanisms of cognition and affect applied to extreme events accounted for the properties of stressful memories. Involuntary memories had greater emotional intensity than voluntary memories, but were not more ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775042 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775041&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21493099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neisser J It is widely accepted among philosophers that neuroscientists are conducting a search for the neural correlates of consciousness, or NCC. Chalmers (2000) conceptualized this research program as the attempt to correlate the contents of conscious experience with the contents of representations in specific neural populations. A notable claim on behalf of this interpretation is that the neutral language of "correlates" frees us from philosophical disputes over the mind/body relation, allowing the science to move independently. But the experimental paradigms and explanatory canons of neuroscience are not neutral about the mechanical relation between consciousness and the brain. I argue that NCC research is best characterized as an attempt to locate a causally relevant neu... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775041 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775040&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21493100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huebner B PMID: 21493100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775040 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775039&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21493101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Klincewicz M PMID: 21493101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775039 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775046&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21481607%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duss SB, Oggier S, Reber TP, Henke K Recent evidence suggests that consciousness of encoding is not necessary for the rapid formation of new semantic associations. We investigated whether unconsciously formed associations are as semantically precise as would be expected for associations formed with consciousness of encoding during episodic memory formation. Pairs of faces and written occupations were presented subliminally for unconscious associative encoding. Five minutes later, the same faces were presented suprathreshold for the cued unconscious retrieval of face-occupation associations. Retrieval instructions required participants to classify the presented individuals according to their putative (1) regularity of income, (2) length of education, and (3) creativity value of... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775046 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775045&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21481608%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thakral PP Inattentional blindness is the failure to perceive salient stimuli presented at unattended locations. Whereas the behavioral manifestation of inattentional blindness has been investigated, the neural basis of this phenomenon has remained elusive. In the current study, event-related fMRI was used to identify the neural substrates associated with inattentional blindness. During central fixation, participants named colored digits presented at a peripheral location. On a subset of trials, an unexpected checkerboard circle (the critical stimulus) was presented at the same eccentricity along with the colored digits (a post-scan questionnaire assessed participants' awareness of the critical stimulus). Neural activity during inattentional blindness was observed in the prefr... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775045 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775044&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21481609%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fisk GD, Haase SJ The Objective Threshold/Strategic Model (OT/S) proposes that strong, qualitative inferences of unconscious perception can be made if the relationship between perceptual sensitivity (typically priming effects) and stimulus visibility is nonlinear and nonmonotonic. The model proposes a nadir in priming effects at the objective identification threshold (identification d'=0). These predictions were tested with masked semantic priming and repetition priming of a lexical decision task. The visibility of the prime stimuli was systematically varied above and below the objective identification threshold. The obtained relationship between prime visibility and priming facilitation was nonlinear, but the results failed to confirm a nadir in priming effects at the objecti... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775044 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775043&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21482150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Railo H, Koivisto M, Revonsuo A Event-related potential (ERP) studies have attempted to discover the processes that underlie conscious visual perception by contrasting ERPs produced by stimuli that are consciously perceived with those that are not. Variability of the proposed ERP correlates of consciousness is considerable: the earliest proposed ERP correlate of consciousness (P1) coincides with sensory processes and the last one (P3) marks postperceptual processes. A negative difference wave called visual awareness negativity (VAN), typically observed around 200ms after stimulus onset in occipitotemporal sites, gains strong support for reflecting the processes that correlate with, and possibly enable, aware visual perception. Research suggests that the early parts of consciou... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775043 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775050&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21459619%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berna F, Bennouna-Greene M, Potheegadoo J, Verry P, Conway MA, Danion JM Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness affecting sense of identity. Autobiographical memory deficits observed in schizophrenia could contribute to this altered sense of identity. The ability to give a meaning to personally significant events (meaning making) is also critical for identity construction and self-coherence. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and 24 control participants were asked to recall five self-defining memories. We assessed meaning making in participants' narratives (spontaneous meaning making) and afterwards asked them explicitly to give a meaning to their memories (cued meaning making). We found that both spontaneous and cued meaning making were impaired in patients with schizo... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775050 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775049&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21459620%26dopt%3DAbstract Discussion of zombie arguments, that is anti-physicalist arguments which appeal to the conceivability of zombies, is familiar in the philosophy of mind literature, whilst ghostly arguments, that is, anti-physicalist arguments which appeal to the conceivability of ghosts, are somewhat neglected. In this paper I argue that ghostly arguments have a number of dialectical advantages over zombie arguments. I go onto explain how the conceivability of ghosts is inconsistent with two kinds of a priori physicalism: analytic functionalism and the Australian physicalism of Armstrong and Lewis. PMID: 21459620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775049 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775048&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21459621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chou WL, Yeh SL According to the spreading hypothesis of object-based attention, a subliminal cue that can successfully capture attention to a location within an object should also cause attention to spread throughout the whole cued object and lead to the same-object advantage. Instead, we propose that a subliminal cue favors shifts of attention between objects and strengthens the between-object link, which is coded primarily within the dorsal pathway that governs the visual guidance of action. By adopting the two-rectangle method and using an effective subliminal cue to compare with the classic suprathreshold cue, we found a different result pattern with suprathreshold cues than with subliminal cues. The suprathreshold cue replicated the conventional location and object effec... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775048 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775047&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21459622%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pritchett D, Gallace A, Spence C People can maintain accurate representations of visual changes without necessarily being aware of them. Here, we investigate whether a similar phenomenon (implicit change detection) also exists in touch. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants detected the presence of a change between two consecutively-presented tactile displays. Tactile change blindness was observed, with participants failing to report the presence of tactile change. Critically, however, when participants had to make a forced choice response regarding the number of stimuli presented in the two displays, their performance was significantly better than chance (i.e., implicit change detection was observed). Experiment 3 demonstrated that tactile change detection does not necessarily... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775047 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4775051&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21458298%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether expectancy violations in musical harmonic sequences are also perceived as violations of the movement sequences necessary to produce them. Pianists imitated silent videos showing one hand playing chord sequences on a muted keyboard. Results indicate that, despite the absence of auditory feedback, imitation of a chord is fastest when it is congruent with the preceding harmonic context. This suggests that the harmonic rules implied by observed actions induce expectations that influence action execution. As evidence that these predictions are derived at a high representational level, imitation was more accurate for harmonically incongruent chords than for congruent chords executed with unconventional fingering. The magnitude of the effects of context and goal prioritization... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4775051 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4775051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670430&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molapour T, Berger CC, Morsella E It has been proposed that incompatible intentions (e.g., to inhale and not inhale while holding one's breath while underwater) are an essential ingredient of conscious conflict. Laboratory tasks such as the Stroop color naming task can instantiate conscious conflict innocuously. However, little research has explored what occurs subjectively at the other end of conflict, when intentions are harmonious. The hypothesis of synchrony blindness proposes that, during harmonious processing, not only may one not experience any conflict, but one may also be unaware that more than one process yielded the same intention/action plan. Accordingly, in the Stroop task, participants reported less of an urge to err (by reading) when words were presented in the ... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670430 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4670430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670429&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: William Domhoff G Building on the content, developmental, and neurological evidence that there are numerous parallels between waking cognition and dreaming, this article argues that the likely neural substrate that supports dreaming, which was discovered through converging lesion and neuroimaging studies, may be a subsystem of the waking default network, which is active during mind wandering, daydreaming, and simulation. Support for this hypothesis would strengthen the case for a more general neurocognitive theory of dreaming that starts with established findings and concepts derived from studies of waking cognition and neurocognition. If this theory is correct, then dreaming may be the quintessential cognitive simulation because it is often highly complex, often includes a vi... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670429 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4670429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670428&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arnold KM, McDermott KB, Szpunar KK Tulving (1985) posited that the capacity to remember is one facet of a more general capacity-autonoetic (self-knowing) consciousness. Autonoetic consciousness was proposed to underlie the ability for "mental time travel" both into the past (remembering) and into the future to envision potential future episodes (episodic future thinking). The current study examines whether individual differences can predict autonoetic experience. Specifically, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) was administered to 133 undergraduate students, who also rated phenomenological experiences accompanying autobiographical remembering and episodic future thinking. Scores on two of the five subscales of the ZTPI (Future and Presen... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670428 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4670428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670427&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21450494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen W, Guo X, Tang J, Zhu L, Yang Z, Dienes Z We investigated the implicit learning of a linguistically relevant variable (animacy) in a natural language context (namely, the relation of forms of determiners to semantics). Trial by trial subjective measures indicated that exposure to a form-animacy regularity led to unconscious knowledge of that regularity. Under the same conditions, people did not learn about another form-meaning regularity when a linguistically arbitrary variable was used instead of animacy (size relative to a dog). Implicit learning is constrained to acquire unconscious knowledge about features with high prior probabilities of being relevant in that domain. PMID: 21450494 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Consciousness and Cognition) Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670427 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4670427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670432&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21444214%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grassi-Oliveira R, Gomes CF, Stein LM While previous research has suggested that adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse may be more prone to produce false memories, little is known about the consequences of childhood neglect on basic memory processes. For this reason, the authors investigated how a group of women with a history of childhood emotional neglect (CEN) and diagnosed with recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) performed on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm in comparison to control groups. The results indicated that women with MDD and CEN were actually less prone to produce false memories relative to both women with MDD but no CEN and healthy women without MDD and any form of childhood maltreatment. These findings were explained in terms of the inabil... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670432 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4670432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4670431&cid=s_35482_25_f&fid=35482&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21444215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caljouw SR, van der Kamp J, Lijster M, Savelsbergh GJ In the reported, experiment participants hit a ball to aim at the vertex of a Müller-Lyer configuration. This configuration either remained stable, changed its shaft length or the orientation of the tails during movement execution. A significant illusion bias was observed in all perturbation conditions, but not in the stationary condition. The illusion bias emerged for perturbations shortly after movement onset and for perturbations during execution, the latter of which allowed only a minimum of time for making adjustments (i.e., approx.170ms). These findings indicate that allocentric information is exploited for online control when people make rapid adjustments in response to a sudden change in the environment and not whe... Consciousness and Cognition journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4670431 Sat, 26 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4670431