MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Conservation Biology' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:00:42 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354149&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20214672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koh LP, Ghazoul J Application of island biogeography theory to prediction of species extinctions resulting from habitat loss is based on the assumption that the transformed landscape matrix is completely inhospitable to the taxa considered, despite evidence demonstrating the nontrivial influence of matrix on populations within habitat remnants. The island biogeography paradigm therefore needs refining to account for specific responses of taxa to the area of habitat "islands" and to the quality of the surrounding matrix. We incorporated matrix effects into island theory by partitioning the slope (z value) of species-area relationships into two components: gamma, a constant, and sigma, a measure of taxon-specific responses to each component of a heterogeneous matrix. We used our... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354149 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354148&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20214673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rout TM, Heinze D, McCarthy MA Statements of extinction will always be uncertain because of imperfect detection of species in the wild. Two errors can be made when declaring a species extinct. Extinction can be declared prematurely, with a resulting loss of protection and management intervention. Alternatively, limited conservation resources can be wasted attempting to protect a species that no longer exists. Rather than setting an arbitrary level of certainty at which to declare extinction, we argue that the decision must trade off the expected costs of both errors. Optimal decisions depend on the cost of continued intervention, the probability the species is extant, and the estimated value of management (the benefit of management times the value of the species). We illustrat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354148 Fri, 05 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315366&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herrera JM, García D Habitat fragmentation increases seed dispersal limitation across the landscape and may also affect subsequent demographic stages such as seedling establishment. Thus, the development of adequate plans for forest restoration requires an understanding of mechanisms by which fragmentation hampers seed delivery to deforested areas and knowledge of how fragmentation affects the relationship between seed-deposition patterns and seedling establishment. We evaluated the dispersal and recruitment of two bird-dispersed, fleshy-fruited tree species (Crataegus monogyna and Ilex aquifolium) in fragmented secondary forests of northern Spain. Forest fragmentation reduced the probability of seed deposition for both trees because of decreased availability of woody per... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315366 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315365&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doukakis P, Babcock EA, Pikitch EK, Sharov AR, Baimukhanov M, Erbulekov S, Bokova Y, Nimatov A Management of declining fisheries of anadromous species sometimes relies heavily on supplementation of populations with captive breeding, despite evidence that captive breeding can have negative consequences and may not address the root cause of decline. The beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), a species threatened by the market for black caviar and reductions in habitat quality, is managed through harvest control and hatchery supplementation, with an emphasis on the latter. We used yield per recruit and elasticity analyses to evaluate the population status and current levels of fishing and to identify the life-history stages that are the best targets for conservation of beluga of the Ural R... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315365 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315364&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chiba S The influence of non-native species on native ecosystems is not predicted easily when interspecific interactions are complex. Species removal can result in unexpected and undesired changes to other ecosystem components. I examined whether invasive non-native species may both harm and provide refugia for endangered native species. The invasive non-native plant Casuarina stricta has damaged the native flora and caused decline of the snail fauna on the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. On Anijima in 2006 and 2009, I examined endemic land snails in the genus Ogasawarana. I compared the density of live specimens and frequency of predation scars (from black rats[Rattus rattus]) on empty shells in native vegetation and Casuarina forests. The density of land snails was greater in nati... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315364 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315363&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oldekop JA, Bebbington AJ, Brockington D, Preziosi RF The lack of concrete instances in which conservation and development have been successfully merged has strengthened arguments for strict exclusionist conservation policies. Research has focused more on social cooperation and conflict of different management regimes and less on how these factors actually affect the natural environments they seek to conserve. Consequently, it is still unknown which strategies yield better conservation outcomes? We conducted a meta-analysis of 116 published case studies on common resource management regimes from Africa, south and central America, and southern and Southeast Asia. Using ranked sociodemographic, political, and ecological data, we analyzed the effect of land tenure, population siz... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315363 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315362&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184650%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fritz SA, Purvis A The strength of phylogenetic signal in extinction risk can give insight into the mechanisms behind species' declines. Nevertheless, no existing measure of phylogenetic pattern in a binary trait, such as extinction-risk status, measures signal strength in a way that can be compared among data sets. We developed a new measure for phylogenetic signal of binary traits, D, which simulations show gives robust results with data sets of more than 50 species, even when the proportion of threatened species is low. We applied D to the red-list status of British birds and the world's mammals and found that the threat status for both groups exhibited moderately strong phylogenetic clumping. We also tested the hypothesis that the phylogenetic pattern of species threatened... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315362 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315361&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184651%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trimble MJ, van Aarde RJ Some conservationists argue for a focused effort to protect the most critically endangered species, and others suggest a large-scale endeavor to safeguard common species across large areas. Similar arguments are applicable to the distribution of scientific effort among species. Should conservation scientists focus research efforts on threatened species, common species, or do all species deserve equal attention? We assessed the scientific equity among 1909 mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians of southern Africa by relating the number of papers written about each species to their status on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Threatened large mammals and reptiles had more papers written about them than their nonthreatened coun... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315361 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315360&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184652%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Howes AL, Maron M, McAlpine CA Adaptive management is an iterative process of gathering new knowledge regarding a system's behavior and monitoring the ecological consequences of management actions to improve management decisions. Although the concept originated in the 1970s, it is rarely actively incorporated into ecological restoration. Bayesian networks (BNs) are emerging as efficient ecological decision-support tools well suited to adaptive management, but examples of their application in this capacity are few. We developed a BN within an adaptive-management framework that focuses on managing the effects of feral grazing and prescribed burning regimes on avian diversity within woodlands of subtropical eastern Australia. We constructed the BN with baseline data to predict bi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315360 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315359&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184653%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilbert-Norton L, Wilson R, Stevens JR, Beard KH Using corridors for conservation is increasing despite a lack of consensus on their efficacy. Specifically, whether corridors increase movement of plants and animals between habitat fragments has been addressed on a case-by-case basis with mixed results. Because of the growing number of well-designed experiments that have addressed this question, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether corridors increase movement; whether corridor effectiveness differs among taxa; how recent changes in experimental design have influenced findings; and whether corridor effectiveness differs between manipulative and natural experiments. To conduct our meta-analysis, we analyzed 78 experiments from 35 studies using a conservative hierarch... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315359 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315358&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berger J, Beckmann JP In the United States, as elsewhere, a growing debate pits national energy policy and homeland security against biological conservation. In rural communities the extraction of fossil fuels is often encouraged because of the employment opportunities it offers, although the concomitant itinerant workforce is often associated with increased wildlife poaching. We explored possible positive and negative factors associated with energy extraction in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), an area known for its national parks, intact biological diversity, and some of the New World's longest terrestrial migrations. Specifically, we asked whether counties with different economies-recreation (ski), agrarian (ranching or farming), and energy extractive (petroleum)-di... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315358 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315357&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184655%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laurance WF, Koh LP, Butler R, Sodhi NS, Bradshaw CJ, Neidel JD, Consunji H, Mateo Vega J PMID: 20184655 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315357 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315356&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184656%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Povilitis A, Suckling K PMID: 20184656 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315356 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315355&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184657%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waylen KA, Fischer A, McGowan PJ, Thirgood SJ, Milner-Gulland EJ Conservation interventions require evaluation to understand what factors predict success or failure. To date, there has been little systematic investigation of the effect of social and cultural context on conservation success, although a large body of literature argues it is important. We investigated whether local cultural context, particularly local institutions and the efforts of interventions to engage with this culture significantly influence conservation outcomes. We also tested the effects of community participation, conservation education, benefit provision, and market integration. We systematically reviewed the literature on community-based conservation and identified 68 interventions suitable for inclus... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315355 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315354&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20184658%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Staus NL, Strittholt JR, Dellasala DA The Northwest Forest Plan was implemented in 1994 to protect habitat for species associated with old-growth forests, including Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentailis caurina) in Washington, Oregon, and northern California (U.S.A.). Nevertheless, 10-year monitoring data indicate mixed success in meeting the ecological goals of the plan. We used the ecosystem management decision-support model to evaluate terrestrial and aquatic habitats across the landscape on the basis of ecological objectives of the Northwest Forest Plan, which included maintenance of late-successional and old-growth forest, recovery, and maintenance of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and viability of Northern Spotted Owls. Areas of the landscape that contained hab... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315354 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276566&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151984%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the impact of roads on seasonal migration, genetic diversity, and gene flow among populations. Snakes in hibernacula isolated by roads had significantly lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation than snakes in hibernacula in contiguous habitat. Genetic-assignment analyses revealed that interruption to seasonal migration was the mechanism underlying these patterns. Our results underscore the sizeable impact of roads on this species, despite their relatively recent construction at our study sites (7 to 10 generations of rattlesnakes), the utility of population genetics for studies of road ecology, and the need for mitigating effects of roads. PMID: 20151984 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276566 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276565&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Coulon A, Fitzpatrick JW, Bowman R, Lovette IJ Studies comparing dispersal in fragmented versus unfragmented landscapes show that habitat fragmentation alters the dispersal behavior of many species. We used two complementary approaches to explore Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) dispersal in relation to landscape fragmentation. First, we compared dispersal distances of color-marked individuals in intensively monitored continuous and fragmented landscapes. Second, we estimated effective dispersal relative to the degree of fragmentation (as inferred from two landscape indexes: proportion of study site covered with Florida Scrub-Jay habitat and mean distance to nearest habitat patch within each study site) by comparing genetic isolation-by-distance regressions among 13... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276565 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276564&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maris V, Béchet A The conservation of biodiversity poses an exceptionally difficult problem in that it needs to be effective in a context of double uncertainty: scientific (i.e., how to conserve biodiversity) and normative (i.e., which biodiversity to conserve and why). Although adaptive management offers a promising approach to overcome scientific uncertainty, normative uncertainty is seldom tackled by conservation science. We expanded on the approach proposed by adaptive-management theorists by devising an integrative and iterative approach to conservation that encompasses both types of uncertainty. Inspired by environmental pragmatism, we suggest that moral values at stake in biodiversity conservation are plastic and that a plurality of individual normative positions c... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276564 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276563&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salomon AK, Gaichas SK, Shears NT, Smith JE, Madin EM, Gaines SD Trophic cascades triggered by fishing have profound implications for marine ecosystems and the socioeconomic systems that depend on them. With the number of reported cases quickly growing, key features and commonalities have emerged. Fishery-induced trophic cascades often display differential response times and nonlinear trajectories among trophic levels and can be accompanied by shifts in alternative states. Furthermore, their magnitude appears to be context dependent, varying as a function of species diversity, regional oceanography, local physical disturbance, habitat complexity, and the nature of the fishery itself. To conserve and manage exploited marine ecosystems, there is a pressing need for an improved u... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276563 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276562&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carroll C, Vucetich JA, Nelson MP, Rohlf DJ, Phillips MK The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) defines an endangered species as one "at risk of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range." The prevailing interpretation of this phrase, which focuses exclusively on the overall viability of listed species without regard to their geographic distribution, has led to development of listing and recovery criteria with fundamental conceptual, legal, and practical shortcomings. The ESA's concept of endangerment is broader than the biological concept of extinction risk in that the "esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific" values provided by species are not necessarily furthered by a species mere existence, but rather by a species p... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276562 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276561&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wanger TC, Iskandar DT, Motzke I, Brook BW, Sodhi NS, Clough Y, Tscharntke T Little is known about the effects of anthropogenic land-use change on the amphibians and reptiles of the biodiverse tropical forests of Southeast Asia. We studied a land-use modification gradient stretching from primary forest, secondary forest, natural-shade cacao agroforest, planted-shade cacao agroforest to open areas in central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We determined species richness, abundance, turnover, and community composition in all habitat types and related these to environmental correlates, such as canopy heterogeneity and thickness of leaf litter. Amphibian species richness decreased systematically along the land-use modification gradient, but reptile richness and abundance peaked in natural-sh... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276561 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276560&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20151990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morgan-Brown T, Jacobson SK, Wald K, Child B Scientific understanding of the role of development in conservation has been hindered by the quality of evaluations of integrated conservation and development projects. We used a quasi-experimental design to quantitatively assess a conservation and development project involving commercial butterfly farming in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. Using a survey of conservation attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and behavior, we compared 150 butterfly farmers with a control group of 170 fellow community members. Due to the nonrandom assignment of individuals to the two groups, we used propensity-score matching and weighting in our analyses to control for observed bias. Eighty percent of the farmers believed butterfly farming would be ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276560 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254869&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20136869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wissel S, Wätzold F Tradable permits have been applied in many areas of environmental policy and may be a response to increasing calls for flexible conservation instruments that successfully conserve biodiversity while allowing for economic development. The idea behind applying tradable permits to conservation is that developers wishing to turn land to economic purposes, thereby destroying valuable habitat, may only do so if they submit a permit to the conservation agency showing that habitat of at least the equivalent ecological value is restored elsewhere. The developer himself does not need to carry out the restoration, but may buy a permit from a third party, thus allowing a market to emerge. Nevertheless, the application of tradable permits to biodiversity conservati... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254869 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3254869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254868&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20136870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore AL, McCarthy MA Active adaptive management looks at the benefit of using strategies that may be suboptimal in the near term but may provide additional information that will facilitate better management in the future. In many adaptive-management problems that have been studied, the optimal active and passive policies (accounting for learning when designing policies and designing policy on the basis of current best information, respectively) are very similar. This seems paradoxical; when faced with uncertainty about the best course of action, managers should spend very little effort on actively designing programs to learn about the system they are managing. We considered two possible reasons why active and passive adaptive solutions are often similar. First, the benefits o... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254868 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3254868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254867&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20136871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Egoh BN, Reyers B, Carwardine J, Bode M, O'Farrell PJ, Wilson KA, Possingham HP, Rouget M, de Lange W, Richardson DM, Cowling RM Global declines in biodiversity and the widespread degradation of ecosystem services have led to urgent calls to safeguard both. Responses to this urgency include calls to integrate the needs of ecosystem services and biodiversity into the design of conservation interventions. The benefits of such integration are purported to include improvements in the justification and resources available for these interventions. Nevertheless, additional costs and potential trade-offs remain poorly understood in the design of interventions that seek to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. We sought to investigate the synergies and trade-offs in safeguardin... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254867 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3254867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254866&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20136872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosas-Rosas OC, Valdez R The northernmost known breeding population of jaguars occurs in the municipality of Nácori Chico, Sonora, Mexico about 270 km from the United States-Mexico border and may be the source from which jaguars sighted in the United States dispersed. Since 1999 at least 11 jaguars (Panthera onca) had been illegally killed in the area due to predator control programs. We initiated a jaguar landowner-based conservation plan in 2004. The eight participating landowners agreed to suspend predator control programs targeting jaguars and pumas (Puma concolor) only if cattle losses were compensated. A private outfitter, with the consent of landowners, initiated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) hunts in 2004 and agreed to pay the group of participating l... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254866 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3254866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3254865&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20136873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garcia D, Zamora R, Amico GC Seed dispersal by animals is considered a pivotal ecosystem function that drives plant-community dynamics in natural habitats and vegetation recovery in human-altered landscapes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of suitable ecological knowledge to develop basic conservation and management guidelines for this ecosystem service. Essential questions, such as how well the abundance of frugivorous animals predicts seeding function in different ecosystems and how anthropogenic landscape heterogeneity conditions the role of dispersers, remain poorly answered. In three temperate ecosystems, we studied seed dispersal by frugivorous birds in landscape mosaics shaped by human disturbance. By applying a standardized design across systems, we related the frequency... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3254865 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3254865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244565&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121833%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fleishman E PMID: 20121833 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244565 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244564&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121834%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira-Santos LG, Fernandez FA PMID: 20121834 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244564 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244563&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Venter O, Watson JE, Meijaard E, Laurance WF, Possingham HP PMID: 20121835 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244563 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244562&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121836%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belant JL, Beever EA, Gross JE, Lawler JJ PMID: 20121836 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244562 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244561&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121837%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Serreze MC The Earth's atmosphere has a natural greenhouse effect, without which the global mean surface temperature would be about 33 degrees C lower and life would not be possible. Human activities have increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases in trace amounts. This has enhanced the greenhouse effect, resulting in surface warming. Were it not for the partly offsetting effects of increased aerosol concentrations, the increase in global mean surface temperature over the past 100 years would be larger than observed. Continued surface warming through the 21st century is inevitable and will likely have widespread ecological impacts. The magnitude and rate of warming for the global average will be largely dictated by the strength and directi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244561 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244560&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121838%26dopt%3DAbstract Effects of more frequent and prolonged el niño events on life-history parameters of the degu, a long-lived and slow-reproducing rodent. Conserv Biol. 2010 Feb;24(1):18-28 Authors: Previtali MA, Meserve PL, Kelt DA, Milstead WB, Gutierrez JR Global climate change (GCC) can have profound effects on species whose ecology is governed primarily by climatic factors. The ecology of small mammals inhabiting semiarid Chile is strongly affected by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During La Niña events in this area, dry conditions prevail and species may disappear from the thorn-scrub habitat. Conversely, El Niño events bring high rainfall, and associated pulses of food trigger small-mammal population increases. We used capture-mark-recapture to study responses... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244560 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244559&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cole KL Temperatures in southwestern North America are projected to increase 3.5-4 degrees C over the next 60-90 years. This will precipitate ecological shifts as the ranges of species change in response to new climates. During this shift, rapid-colonizing species should increase, whereas slow-colonizing species will at first decrease, but eventually become reestablished in their new range. This successional process has been estimated to require from 100 to over 300 years in small areas, under a stable climate, with a nearby seed source. How much longer will it require on a continental scale, under a changing climate, without a nearby seed source? I considered this question through an examination of the response of fossil plant assemblages from the Grand Canyon, Arizona, to th... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244559 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244558&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121840%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lawler JJ, Shafer SL, Blaustein AR Given their physiological requirements, limited dispersal abilities, and hydrologically sensitive habitats, amphibians are likely to be highly sensitive to future climatic changes. We used three approaches to map areas in the western hemisphere where amphibians are particularly likely to be affected by climate change. First, we used bioclimatic models to project potential climate-driven shifts in the distribution of 413 amphibian species based on 20 climate simulations for 2071-2100. We summarized these projections to produce estimates of species turnover. Second, we mapped the distribution of 1099 species with restricted geographic ranges. Finally, using the 20 future climate-change simulations, we mapped areas that were consistently project... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244558 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244557&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wiens JA, Bachelet D To anticipate the rapidly changing world resulting from global climate change, the projections of climate models must be incorporated into conservation. This requires that the scales of conservation be aligned with the scales of climate-change projections. We considered how conservation has incorporated spatial scale into protecting biodiversity, how the projections of climate-change models vary with scale, and how the two do or do not align. Conservation planners use information about past and current ecological conditions at multiple scales to identify conservation targets and threats and guide conservation actions. Projections of climate change are also made at multiple scales, from global and regional circulation models to projections downscaled to loc... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244557 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244556&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hansen L, Hoffman J, Drews C, Mielbrecht E To be successful, conservation practitioners and resource managers must fully integrate the effects of climate change into all planning projects. Some conservation practitioners are beginning to develop, test, and implement new approaches that are designed to deal with climate change. We devised four basic tenets that are essential in climate-change adaptation for conservation: protect adequate and appropriate space, reduce nonclimate stresses, use adaptive management to implement and test climate-change adaptation strategies, and work to reduce the rate and extent of climate change to reduce overall risk. To illustrate how this approach applies in the real world, we explored case studies of coral reefs in the Florida Keys; mangrove f... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244556 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244555&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hannah L Climate change has created the need for a new strategic framework for conservation. This framework needs to include new protected areas that account for species range shifts and management that addresses large-scale change across international borders. Actions within the framework must be effective in international waters and across political frontiers and have the ability to accommodate large income and ability-to-pay discrepancies between countries. A global protected-area system responds to these needs. A fully implemented global system of protected areas will help in the transition to a new conservation paradigm robust to climate change and will ensure the integrity of the climate services provided by carbon sequestration from the world's natural habitats. The int... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244555 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244554&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121844%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nelson F, Foley C, Foley LS, Leposo A, Loure E, Peterson D, Peterson M, Peterson T, Sachedina H, Williams A Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are an increasingly promoted approach to conservation. These approaches seek to develop financial mechanisms that create economic incentives for the maintenance of ecosystems and associated biodiversity by rewarding those who are responsible for provision of ecological services. There are, however, few cases in which such schemes have been used as a strategy for conserving wildlife in developing countries and very few operational examples of such schemes of any sort in sub-Saharan Africa. In savannah ecosystems, large mammal populations generally depend on seasonal use of extensive areas and are widely declining as a result of habita... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244554 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244553&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121845%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paillet Y, Bergès L, Hjältén J, Odor P, Avon C, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Bijlsma RJ, DE Bruyn L, Fuhr M, Grandin U, Kanka R, Lundin L, Luque S, Magura T, Matesanz S, Mészáros I, Sebastià MT, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Tóthmérész B, Uotila A, Valladares F, Vellak K, Virtanen R Past and present pressures on forest resources have led to a drastic decrease in the surface area of unmanaged forests in Europe. Changes in forest structure, composition, and dynamics inevitably lead to changes in the biodiversity of forest-dwelling species. The possible biodiversity gains and losses due to forest management (i.e., anthropogenic pressures related to direct forest resource use), however, have never been assessed at a pan-European scale. We... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244553 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244552&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121846%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined rapid participatory rural appraisal (rPRA) (a tool commonly used for local needs assessments) as an alternative to surveys of vascular plants conducted by people with local knowledge. We used rPRA to determine the local-knowledge consensus on the average richness, diversity, and height of local grasses and trees in three habitats surrounding Boumba, Niger, bordering Park-W. We then conducted our own vascular plant surveys to collect information on plant richness, abundance, and structure. Using a qualitative ranking, we compared TEK-based assessments of diversity patterns with our survey-based assessments. The TEK-based assessments matched survey-based assessments on measures of height and density for grasses and trees and tree richness. The two assessments correlated poorly on... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244552 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244551&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121847%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Samways MJ, Sharratt NJ Because dragonflies are very sensitive to alien trees, we assessed their response to large-scale restoration of riparian corridors. We compared three types of disturbance regime-alien invaded, cleared of alien vegetation, and natural vegetation (control)-and recorded data on 22 environmental variables. The most significant variables in determining dragonfly assemblages were percentage of bank cover and tree canopy cover, which indicates the importance of vegetation architecture for these dragonflies. This finding suggests that it is important to restore appropriate marginal vegetation and sunlight conditions. Recovery of dragonfly assemblages after the clearing of alien trees was substantial. Species richness and abundance at restored sites matched thos... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244551 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244550&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skroch M, López-Hoffman L PMID: 20121848 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244550 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244549&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121849%26dopt%3DAbstract Ecosystem services and conservation: a reply to skroch and lópez-hoffman. Conserv Biol. 2010 Feb;24(1):328-9 Authors: Adams WM, Redford KH PMID: 20121849 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244549 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244548&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spies TA, Miller JD, Buchanan JB, Lehmkuhl JF, Franklin JF, Healey SP, Hessburg PF, Safford HD, Cohen WB, Kennedy RS, Knapp EE, Agee JK, Moeur M PMID: 20121850 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244548 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244547&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanson CT, Odion DC, Dellasala DA, Baker WL PMID: 20121851 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244547 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244546&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johns D PMID: 20121852 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244546 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244545&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips M PMID: 20121853 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244545 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244544&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redford KH PMID: 20121854 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244544 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244543&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redford KH PMID: 20121855 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244543 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244542&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sullivan W PMID: 20121856 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244542 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3244541&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20121857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dolan K PMID: 20121857 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3244541 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3244541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217985&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cubaynes S, Pradel R, Choquet R, Duchamp C, Gaillard JM, Lebreton JD, Marboutin E, Miquel C, Reboulet AM, Poillot C, Taberlet P, Gimenez O Assessing conservation strategies requires reliable estimates of abundance. Because detecting all individuals is most often impossible in free-ranging populations, estimation procedures have to account for a <1 detection probability. Capture-recapture methods allow biologists to cope with this issue of detectability. Nevertheless, capture-recapture models for open populations are built on the assumption that all individuals share the same detection probability, although detection heterogeneity among individuals has led to underestimating abundance of closed populations. We developed multievent capture-recapture models for an open populat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217985 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217984&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moorhead LC, Philpott SM, Bichier P Quality of the agricultural matrix profoundly affects biodiversity and dispersal in agricultural areas. Vegetatively complex coffee agroecosystems maintain species richness at larger distances from the forest. Epiphytes colonize canopy trees and provide resources for birds and insects and thus effects of agricultural production on epiphytes may affect other species. We compared diversity, composition, and vertical stratification of epiphytes in a forest fragment and in two coffee farms differing in management intensity in southern Mexico. We also examined spatial distribution of epiphytes with respect to the forest fragment to examine quality of the two agricultural matrix types for epiphyte conservation. We sampled vascular epiphytes in a f... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217984 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217983&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20105207%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dalleau M, Andréfouët S, Wabnitz CC, Payri C, Wantiez L, Pichon M, Friedman K, Vigliola L, Benzoni F Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a means toward effective conservation of coral reefs. New strategies are required to more effectively select MPA locations and increase the pace of their implementation. Many criteria exist to design MPA networks, but generally, it is recommended that networks conserve a diversity of species selected for, among other attributes, their representativeness, rarity, or endemicity. Because knowledge of species' spatial distribution remains scarce, efficient surrogates are urgently needed. We used five different levels of habitat maps and six spatial scales of analysis to identify under which circumstances habitat data ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217983 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200923&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lachish S, McCallum H, Mann D, Pukk CE, Jones ME Sustainable strategies to manage infectious diseases in threatened wildlife are still lacking despite considerable concern over the global increase in emerging infectious diseases of wildlife and their potential to drive populations to extinction. Selective culling of infected individuals will often be the most feasible option to control infectious disease in a threatened wildlife host, but has seldom been implemented or evaluated as a management tool for the conservation of threatened species. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is threatened with extinction by an infectious cancer, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). We assess the success of an adaptive management trial involving selective culling of infected Tasmanian d... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200923 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200922&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Estes JA, Tinker MT, Bodkin JL Recovery criteria for depleted species or populations normally are based on demographic measures, the goal being to maintain enough individuals over a sufficiently large area to assure a socially tolerable risk of future extinction. Such demographically based recovery criteria may be insufficient to restore the functional roles of strongly interacting species. We explored the idea of developing a recovery criterion for sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the Aleutian archipelago on the basis of their keystone role in kelp forest ecosystems. We surveyed sea otters and rocky reef habitats at 34 island-time combinations. The system nearly always existed in either a kelp-dominated or deforested phase state, which was predictable from sea otter density. We... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200922 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200921&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lepczyk CA, Dauphiné N, Bird DM, Conant S, Cooper RJ, Duffy DC, Hatley PJ, Marra PP, Stone E, Temple SA PMID: 20088960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200921 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171319&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067489%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Donnell RP, Supp SR, Cobbold SM Timely dissemination of scientific findings depends not only on rapid publication of submitted manuscripts, a topic which has received much discussion, but also on rapid submission of research after the research is completed. We measured submission delay (time from the last date of data collection to the submission of a manuscript) for every paper from 14 journals in 2007 and compared these submission delays among four fields of biology (conservation, taxonomy, behavior, and evolution). Manuscripts published in leading journals in the field of conservation biology have the longest delays in publication of accepted manuscripts and the longest intervals between completion of research and submission of the manuscript. Delay in manuscript submissi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171319 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171318&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067490%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paltto H, Thomasson I, Nordén B Species occurrence in a habitat patch depends on local habitat and the amount of that habitat in the wider landscape. We used predictions from empirical landscape studies to set quantitative conservation criteria and targets in a multispecies and multiscale conservation planning effort. We used regression analyses to compare species richness and occurrence of five red-listed lichens on 50 ancient oaks (Quercus robur; 120-140 cm in diameter) with the density of ancient oaks in circles of varying radius from each individual oak. Species richness and the occurrence of three of the five species were best explained by increasing density of oaks within 0.5 km; one species was best explained by the density of oaks within 2 km, and another was best... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171318 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171317&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beier P, Brost B Even under the most optimistic scenarios, during the next century human-caused climate change will threaten many wild populations and species. The most useful conservation response is to enlarge and link protected areas to support range shifts by plants and animals. To prioritize land for reserves and linkages, some scientists attempt to chain together four highly uncertain models (emission scenarios, global air-ocean circulation, regional circulation, and biotic response). This approach has high risk of error propagation and compounding and produces outputs at a coarser scale than conservation decisions. Instead, we advocate identifying land facets-recurring landscape units with uniform topographic and soil attributes-and designing reserves and linkages for d... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171317 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171316&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith RK, Pullin AS, Stewart GB, Sutherland WJ Predation pressure on vulnerable bird species has made predator control an important issue for international nature conservation. Predator removal by culling or translocation is controversial, expensive, and time-consuming, and results are often temporary. Thus, it is important to assess its effectiveness from all available evidence. We used explicit systematic review methodology to determine the impact of predator removal on four measurable responses in birds: breeding performance (hatching success and fledging success) and population size (breeding and postbreeding). We used meta-analysis to summarize results from 83 predator removal studies from six continents. We also investigated whether characteristics of the prey, predator ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171316 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171313&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prasad AE The dry forests of southern India, which are endangered tropical ecosystems and among the world's most important tiger (Panthera tigris) habitats, are extensively invaded by exotic plants. Yet, experimental studies exploring the impacts of these invasions on native plants in these forests are scarce. Consequently, little is known about associated implications for the long-term conservation of tigers and other biodiversity in these habitats. I studied the impacts of the exotic plant Lantana camara on understory vegetation in a dry-forest tiger habitat in southern India. I compared the richness, composition, and abundance of tree seedlings, herbs, and shrubs and the abundance of grass among plots in which Lantana was cleared or left standing. These plots were distribut... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171313 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171311&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spring D, Baum J, Nally RM, Mackenzie M, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Thomson JR Habitat connectivity is required at large spatial scales to facilitate movement of biota in response to climatic changes and to maintain viable populations of wide-ranging species. Nevertheless, it may require decades to acquire habitat linkages at such scales, and areas that could provide linkages are often developed before they can be reserved. Reserve scheduling methods usually consider only current threats, but threats change over time as development spreads and reaches presently secure areas. We investigated the importance of considering future threats when implementing projects to maintain habitat connectivity at a regional scale. To do so, we compared forward-looking scheduling strategies with strat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171311 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171324&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067484%26dopt%3DAbstract Traditional Ecological Knowledge Trends in the Transition to a Market Economy: Empirical Study in the Doñana Natural Areas. Conserv Biol. 2010 Jan 7; Authors: Gómez-Baggethun E, Mingorría S, Reyes-García V, Calvet L, Montes C Researchers and conservation managers largely agree on the relevance of traditional ecological knowledge for natural resource management in indigenous communities, but its prevalence and role as societies modernize are contested. We analyzed the transmission of traditional knowledge among rural local people in communities linked to protected areas in Doñana, southwestern Spain. We studied changes in knowledge related to local practices in agriculture and livestock farming among 198 informants from three generations that cover the p... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171324 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171323&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: St-Amour V, Garner TW, Schulte-Hostedde AI, Lesbarrères D Developmental instability, measured as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), is often used as a tool to measure stress and the overall quality of organisms. Under FA, it is assumed that control of symmetry during development is costly and that under stress the trajectory of development is disturbed, resulting in asymmetric morphologies. Amphibian emergent infectious diseases (EIDs), such as Ranavirus and chytrid fungus, have been involved in several mortality events, which makes them stressors and allows for the study of FA. We analyzed nine populations of green frogs (Rana clamitans) for the presence or absence of Ranavirus and chytrid fungus. Individuals were measured to determine levels of FA in seven traits under the hyp... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171323 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171322&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moir ML, Vesk PA, Brennan KE, Keith DA, Hughes L, McCarthy MA Coextinction is a poorly quantified phenomenon, but results of recent modeling suggest high losses to global biodiversity through the loss of dependent species when hosts go extinct. There are critical gaps in coextinction theory, and we outline these in a framework to direct future research toward more accurate estimates of coextinction rates. Specifically, the most critical priorities include acquisition of more accurate host data, including the threat status of host species; acquisition of data on the use of hosts by dependent species across a wide array of localities, habitats, and breadth of both hosts and dependents; development of models that incorporate correlates of nonrandom host and dependent extinctions,... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171322 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171321&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cushman SA, McKelvey KS, Noon BR, McGarigal K Indicator species concepts have a long history in conservation biology. Arguments in favor of these approaches generally stress expediency and assume efficacy. We tested the premise that the abundance patterns of one species can be used to infer those of other species. Our data consisted of 72,495 bird observations on 55 species across 1046 plots distributed across 30 sub basins. We analyzed abundance patterns at two spatial scales (plot and sub basin) and for empirical and a priori grouping. There were few significant indicator relationships at either scale or under either grouping rule, and those few we found did not explain a substantial portion of the abundance of other species. Coupled with the lack of proven efficacy for spec... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171321 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3171320&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20067488%26dopt%3DAbstract We present new evidence of shifting baselines in local perception of regional species declines and on the duration of "community memory" of extinct species on the basis of extensive interviews with fishers in communities across the middle-lower Yangtze basin. Many Yangtze species have experienced major declines in recent decades, and the Yangtze River dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) and Yangtze paddlefish (Psephurus gladius) may have become extinct during the 21(st) century. Although informants across all age classes were strongly aware of the Yangtze ecosystem's escalating resource depletion and environmental degradation, older informants were more likely to recognize declines in two commercially important fish species, Reeves' shad (Tenualosa reevesii) and Yangtze pufferfish (Takif... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3171320 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3171320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119389&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028413%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the applicability of this proposal to the coffee agroforests of the Western Ghats, India. Of the six strategies, only one directly addresses livelihood conditions. Their approach has a clear emphasis on conservation and, as currently formulated risks repeating the failures of past integrated conservation and development projects. It fails to place the aspirations of farmers at the core of the agenda. Thus, although we acknowledge and share the broad vision and many of the ideas proposed by this approach, we urge more balanced priority setting by emphasizing people as much as biodiversity through a careful consideration of local livelihood needs and aspirations. PMID: 20028413 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119389 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119388&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pearson DL, Anderson CD, Mitchell BR, Rosenberg MS, Navarrete R, Coopmans P Informally gathered species lists are a potential source of data for conservation biology, but most remain unused because of questions of reliability and statistical issues. We applied two alternative analytical methods (contingency tests and occupancy modeling) to a 35-year data set (1973-2007) to test hypotheses about local bird extinction. We compiled data from bird lists collected by expert amateurs and professional scientists in a 2-km(2) fragment of lowland tropical forest in coastal Ecuador. We tested the effects of the following on local extinction: trophic level, sociality, foraging specialization, light tolerance, geographical range area, and biogeographic source. First we assessed extinction... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119388 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3119387&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20028415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hennenberg KJ, Dragisic C, Haye S, Hewson J, Semroc B, Savy C, Wiegmann K, Fehrenbach H, Fritsche UR The sustainable production of bioenergy is vital to avoiding negative impacts on environmental goods such as climate, soil, water, and especially biodiversity. We propose three key issues that should be addressed in any biodiversity risk-mitigation strategy: conservation of areas of significant biodiversity value; mitigation of negative effects related to indirect land-use change; and promotion of agricultural practices with few negative impacts on biodiversity. Focusing on biodiversity concerns, we compared principles and criteria set to address biodiversity and other environmental and social issues in seven standards (defined here as commodity-based standards or roundtables, ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3119387 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3119387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105311&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015263%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sayre NF, Knight RL PMID: 20015263 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105311 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105315&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015259%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined 100 studies that empirically identify targeted resources, techniques used to procure resources illegally, locations of illegal activities, characteristics of typical violators, incentives driving illegal use of resources, magnitude of the problem of illegal use (e.g., quantities used), or frequency of illegal activity. We based our evaluation of the methods used in these studies on their ability to provide these empirical data, relative labor demands, training and technology requirements, and levels of uncontrollable bias. We evaluated eight different methods: law-enforcement records, indirect observation, self-reporting, direct observation, direct questioning, randomized response technique (a survey method designed to improve accuracy of responses to sensitive questions), fore... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105315 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105314&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015260%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bartz R, Heink U, Kowarik I The introduction of non-native plant species and the release of genetically modified (GM) crops can induce environmental changes at gene to ecosystem levels. Regulatory frameworks such as the Convention on Biological Diversity or the EU Deliberate Release Directive aim to prevent environmental damage but do not define the term. Although ecologists and conservationists often refer to environmental effects of GM crops or invasive species as damage, most authors do not disclose their normative assumptions or explain why some environmental impacts are regarded as detrimental and others are not. Thus far, a concise definition of environmental damage is missing and is necessary for a transparent assessment of environmental effects or risks. Therefore, we ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105314 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105313&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Setiadi MI, Hamidy A, Abidin Z, Susanto D, Brown RM, Peterson AT, Li X, Evans BJ Genetic variation within species-a priority for biodiversity conservation-is influenced by natural selection, demography, and stochastic events such as genetic drift. We evaluated the role of these factors in 14 codistributed species of reptiles and amphibians on the Indonesian island of Halmahera by testing whether their molecular variation was correlated with geographic distance, ecology, riverine barriers, or Halmahera's paleoisland precursors. We found support for isolation by distance effects in four species. In two species genetic structure was affected by ecology; one species was affected significantly by rivers and the other by Halmahera's paleoislands. These findings-the most comprehensiv... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105313 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3105312&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castro J, Moreno-Rueda G, Hódar JA There is an intense debate about the effects of postfire salvage logging versus nonintervention policies on regeneration of forest communities, but scant information from experimental studies is available. We manipulated a burned forest area on a Mediterranean mountain to experimentally analyze the effect of salvage logging on bird-species abundance, diversity, and assemblage composition. We used a randomized block design with three plots of approximately 25 ha each, established along an elevational gradient in a recently burned area in Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park (southeastern Spain). Three replicates of three treatments differing in postfire burned wood management were established per plot: salvage logging, nonintervention,... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3105312 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3105312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3064454&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19961508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMullan-Fisher SJ, Kirkpatrick JB, May TW, Pharo EJ Our knowledge of cryptogam taxonomy and species distributions is currently too poor to directly plan for their conservation. We used inventory data from four distinct vegetation types, near Hobart Tasmania, to address the proposition that vegetation type, vascular plant taxon composition, and environmental variables can act as surrogates for mosses and macrofungi in reservation planning. The four vegetation types proved distinct in their taxon composition for all macrofungi, mosses, and vascular plants. We tested the strength of the relationships between the composition of cryptogam taxonomic groups and vascular plant composition and between the environmental variables and canopy cover. Taxon composition of woody vascular pl... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3064454 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3064454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3064450&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19961509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aswani S, Sabetian A Increasing migration into urbanized centers in the Solomon Islands poses a great threat to adjacent coral reef fisheries because of negative effects on the fisheries and because it further erodes customary management systems. Parrotfish fisheries are of particular importance because the feeding habits of parrotfish (scrape and excavate coral) are thought to be critical to the resilience of coral reefs and to maintaining coral reef health within marine protected areas. We investigated the ecological impact of localized subsistence and artisanal fishing pressure on parrotfish fisheries in Gizo Town, Western Solomon Islands, by analyzing the density and size distribution of parrotfish with an underwater visual census (UVC), recall diary (i.e., interviews with... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3064450 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3064450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3064448&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19961510%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wehi PM, Wehi WL Ecosystem fragmentation and destruction can lead to restrictive administration policies on traditional harvesting by indigenous peoples from remaining ecosystem tracts. In New Zealand, concerns about endangered species and governmental policies that focus on species and ecosystem preservation have resulted in severely curtailed traditional harvesting rights. Although provision has been made for limited gathering of traditional plants from government-administered conservation lands, it is unclear how much harvesting is undertaken on these lands and elsewhere and what this harvest might consist of. We interviewed seven expert Maori elders from the Waikato, New Zealand, to identify plant species they currently harvested and from where. We compared these data with... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3064448 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3064448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3064442&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19961511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teel TL, Manfredo MJ North American state wildlife agencies are increasingly faced with the challenge of effectively representing a diverse public. With increasing social conflict over wildlife issues, the future of wildlife conservation hinges on preparedness of the profession to respond to this challenge. In the interest of finding ways to improve response, 19 agencies in the western U.S. joined forces to initiate an investigation that would provide a better understanding of the diversity of wildlife-related interests in the region. Specific objectives, accomplished through use of a mail survey administered in 2004, were to categorize people on the basis of their value orientations toward wildlife and explore how different groups were distributed across states and to examine... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3064442 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3064442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2990097&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stokes DL, Hanson MF, Oaks DD, Straub JE, Ponio AV Because habitat loss due to urbanization is a primary threat to biodiversity, and land-use decisions in urbanizing areas are mainly made at the local level, land-use planning by municipal planning departments has a potentially important-but largely unrealized-role in conserving biodiversity. To understand planners' perspectives on the factors that facilitate and impede biodiversity conservation in local planning, we interviewed directors of 17 municipal planning departments in the greater Seattle (Washington, U.S.A.) area and compared responses of planners from similar-sized jurisdictions that were "high" and "low performing" with respect to incorporation of biodiversity conservation in local planning. Planners from low-perfor... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2990097 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2990097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2990096&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guidetti P, Claudet J Fishing activities worldwide have dramatically affected marine fish stocks and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) with no-take zones may enhance fisheries, but empirical evidence of this is scant. We conducted a 4-year survey of fish catches around and within an MPA that was previously fully closed to fishing and then partially reopened under regulated comanaged fishing. In collaboration with the fishers and the MPA authority, we set the fishing effort and selected the gear to limit fishing impact on key fish predators, juvenile fish stage, and benthic communities and habitats. Within an adaptive comanagement framework, fishers agreed to reduce fishing effort if symptoms of overfishing were detected. We analyzed the temporal trends of catch per uni... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2990096 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2990096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2990095&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906065%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang JJ, Ye QG, Yao XH, Huang HW For endangered plants interspecific hybridization occurring in ex situ collections may lead to failure of reintroduction actions. We used Sinojackia xylocarpa, a well documented Chinese endemic species that is extinct in the wild, as a model case to address this concern. We used paternity analyses to assess the spontaneous hybridization and patterns of pollen flow between S. xylocarpa and its congener species, S. rehderiana, in conserved populations in Wuhan Botanic Garden. Interspecific hybridization events were detected in seven out of eight maternal trees of S. xylocarpa, and an average of 32.7% seeds collected from maternal trees of S. xylocarpa were hybrids. The paternity of 93 out of 249 seedlings from S. xylocarpa assigned to S. rehderi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2990095 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2990095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2990094&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Granek EF, Polasky S, Kappel CV, Reed DJ, Stoms DM, Koch EW, Kennedy CJ, Cramer LA, Hacker SD, Barbier EB, Aswani S, Ruckelshaus M, Perillo GM, Silliman BR, Muthiga N, Bael D, Wolanski E Ecosystem-based management is logistically and politically challenging because ecosystems are inherently complex and management decisions affect a multitude of groups. Coastal ecosystems, which lie at the interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and provide an array of ecosystem services to different groups, aptly illustrate these challenges. Successful ecosystem-based management of coastal ecosystems requires incorporating scientific information and the knowledge and views of interested parties into the decision-making process. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services under a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2990094 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2990094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959802&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenwald DN PMID: 19878235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959802 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959801&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ormerod SJ, Durance I, Terrier A, Swanson AM Invertebrates are important functionally in most ecosystems, but seldom appraised as surrogate indicators of biological diversity. Priority species might be good candidates; thus, here we evaluated whether three freshwater invertebrates listed in the U.K. Biodiversity Action Plan indicated the richness, composition, and conservation importance of associated wetland organisms as defined respectively by their alpha diversity, beta diversity, and threat status. Sites occupied by each of the gastropods Segmentina nitida, Anisus vorticulus, and Valvata macrostoma had greater species richness of gastropods and greater conservation importance than other sites. Each also characterized species assemblages associated with significant variatio... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959801 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959800&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sandler R Discourse around assisted colonization focuses on the ecological risks, costs, and uncertainties associated with the practice, as well as on its technical feasibility and alternative approaches to it. Nevertheless, the ethical underpinnings of the case for assisted colonization are claims about the value of species. A complete discussion of assisted colonization needs to include assessment of these claims. For each type of value that species are thought to possess it is necessary to determine whether it is plausible that species possess the type of value and, if so, to what extent their possessing it justifies assisted colonization. I conducted such an assessment for each of the predominant types of value ascribed to species: ecological, instrumental (including optio... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959800 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959799&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19878238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nájera A, Simonetti JA The occurrence of fauna in commercial plantations is often associated with structural complexity. Through a meta-analysis, we tested whether the structural complexity of plantations could enhance bird species assemblages and whether bird assemblages respond differently depending on taxonomic affiliation, body size, and diet. Our analyses included 167 case studies in 31 countries in which bird assemblages in forests and plantations were compared and 42 case studies in 14 countries in which bird assemblages in plantations of different structural complexity were compared. Species richness, but not abundance, was higher in forests than in plantations. Both species richness and abundance were significantly higher in complex than in structurally simple pl... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959799 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917016&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buckley MC, Crone EE PMID: 19843120 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917016 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917015&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Golet GH, Anderson B, Luster RA, Werner G PMID: 19843121 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917015 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917014&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Menzel S, Teng J PMID: 19843122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917014 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917013&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drummond SP, Wilson KA, Meijaard E, Watts M, Dennis R, Christy L, Possingham HP Conservation efforts at local, regional, and global scales often focus on threatened species despite recent calls to adopt more equitable and potentially more economically rational approaches. Critics contend that conservation planning centered only on threatened species fails to deliver cost-efficient conservation outcomes. We explored how planning to preserve threatened mammal species would influence the efficiency and effectiveness of conservation investments in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We found that the explicit protection of threatened species delivered cost-efficient outcomes in this situation, afforded adequate protection to over 90% of those species not yet considered endangered, and con... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917013 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917012&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843124%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gaoue OG, Ticktin T The demographic impacts of harvesting nontimber forest products (NTFP) have been increasingly studied because of reports of potentially unsustainable harvest. Nevertheless, our understanding of how plant demographic response to harvest is altered by variation in ecological conditions, which is critical for developing realistic sustainable-use plans, is limited. We built matrix population models to test whether and how variation in ecological conditions affects population responses to harvest. In particular, we examined the effect of bark and foliage harvest on the demography of populations of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in two contrasting ecological regions of Benin, West Africa. K. senegalensis bark and foliage harvest significantly reduced its s... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917012 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917011&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843125%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pasquini L, Cowling RM, Twyman C, Wainwright J The amount of privately conserved land is increasing worldwide. The potential of these areas to contribute to the global conservation of biodiversity is significant, given that statutory protected areas alone will not suffice. Nevertheless, there is still inadequate support for private conservation areas, and further research on appropriate, flexible, and generally applicable incentive measures is necessary. We conducted 25 semistructured interviews with the owners of private conservation areas in the Little Karoo, South Africa, to examine landowner opinions of existing conservation policies and their relationships with the local conservation authority. We also assessed landowner preferences regarding conservation incentive measur... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917011 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917010&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843126%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hebblewhite M, White C, Musiani M PMID: 19843126 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917010 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917009&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cowling RM, Knight AT, Privett SD, Sharma G PMID: 19843127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917009 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917008&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boyer AG Understanding the ecological mechanisms that lead to extinction is a central goal of conservation. Can understanding ancient avian extinctions help to predict extinction risk in modern birds? I used classification trees trained on both paleoecological and historical data from islands across the Pacific to determine the ecological traits associated with extinction risk. Intrinsic traits, including endemism, large body size, and certain feeding guilds, were tightly linked with avian extinction over the past 3500 years. Species ecology and phylogeny were better predictors of extinction risk through time than extrinsic or abiotic factors. Although human impacts on birds and their habitats have changed over time, modern endangered birds share many of the same ecological ch... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917008 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2917007&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19843129%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weeks R, Russ GR, Alcala AC, White AT Quantifying the extent to which existing reserves meet conservation objectives and identifying gaps in coverage are vital to developing systematic protected-area networks. Despite widespread recognition of the Philippines as a global priority for marine conservation, limited work has been undertaken to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of existing marine protected areas (MPAs). Targets for MPA coverage in the Philippines have been specified in the 1998 Fisheries Code legislation, which calls for 15% of coastal municipal waters (within 15 km of the coastline) to be protected within no-take MPAs, and the Philippine Marine Sanctuary Strategy (2004), which aims to protect 10% of coral reef area in no-take MPAs by 2020. We used a newly co... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2917007 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2917007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829008&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19774708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Finn DS, Bogan MT, Lytle DA Systems of geographically isolated habitat patches house species that occur naturally as small, disjunct populations. Many of these species are of conservation concern, particularly under the interacting influences of isolation and rapid global change. One potential conservation strategy is to prioritize the populations most likely to persist through change and act as sources for future recolonization of less stable localities. We propose an approach to classify long-term population stability (and, presumably, future persistence potential) with composite demographic metrics derived from standard population-genetic data. Stability metrics can be related to simple habitat measures for a straightforward method of classifying localities to inform conser... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829008 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 11:08:08 +0100 2829008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829007&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19774709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murray KA, Skerratt LF, Speare R, McCallum H Estimating disease-associated mortality and transmission processes is difficult in free-ranging wildlife but important for understanding disease impacts and dynamics and for informing management decisions. In a capture-mark-recapture study, we used a PCR-based diagnostic test in combination with multistate models to provide the first estimates of disease-associated mortality and detection, infection, and recovery rates for frogs endemically infected with the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the pandemic amphibian disease chytridiomycosis. We found that endemic chytridiomycosis was associated with a substantial reduction (approximately 38%) in apparent monthly survival of the threatened rainforest tree... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829007 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 11:08:05 +0100 2829007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821432&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gleason M, Cook C, Bell M, Feller E PMID: 19765024 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821432 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:48 +0100 2821432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821431&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765025%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antonelli A, Rodriguez V PMID: 19765025 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821431 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:45 +0100 2821431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821430&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johns D PMID: 19765026 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821430 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:42 +0100 2821430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821429&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fisher B, Bolt K, Bradbury RB, Gardner TA, Green JM, Hole DG, Naidoo R PMID: 19765027 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821429 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:40 +0100 2821429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821428&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kerstetter DW PMID: 19765029 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821428 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:38 +0100 2821428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821427&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu T, Wu N, Luo P PMID: 19765031 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821427 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:36 +0100 2821427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821426&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nelson F Biodiversity conservation outcomes are closely related to the rules and institutions governing resource use. Creating local incentives for conservation through more secure resource tenure is central to conservation outcomes on private and communal lands, where the preponderance of biodiversity occurs. Conservation efforts in sub-Saharan Africa are therefore centrally concerned with governance dynamics and institutional reform processes, such as the decentralization of property rights, and how best to achieve such reforms. Traditional mechanisms for financing conservation efforts in Africa rely heavily on funds channeled through multilateral and bilateral aid agencies. The history of development aid highlights a range of constraints these aid agencies face in terms of ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821426 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:33 +0100 2821426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821425&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765033%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berglund H, O'Hara RB, Jonsson BG Quantitative conservation objectives require detailed consideration of the habitat requirements of target species. Tree-living bryophytes, lichens, and fungi are a critical and declining biodiversity component of boreal forests. To understand their requirements, Bayesian methods were used to analyze the relationships between the occurrence of individual species and habitat factors at the tree and the stand scale in a naturally fragmented boreal forest landscape. The importance of unexplained between-stand variation in occurrence of species was estimated, and the ability of derived models to predict species' occurrence was tested. The occurrence of species was affected by quality of individual trees. Furthermore, the relationships between occur... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821425 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:30 +0100 2821425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821424&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765034%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olupot W, Barigyira R, McNeilage AJ Harvesting of wild plants for nontimber uses is widespread in the tropics, but its impact is usually quantified only for one or a few species at a time. Thus, forest managers are never clear about how well their efforts are protecting such plants. We quantified abundance and edge-related variation in 91 species of useful wild plants commonly harvested by communities around Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, to evaluate the effect of their harvest. Forty percent of these species were harvested exclusively for medicines, 22% for weaving, and 24% for other uses. Fourteen percent were harvested for combinations of uses. Plants were surveyed around the entire periphery of the park transects that extended out 1 km into the forest in... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821424 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:28 +0100 2821424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821423&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cagnolo L, Valladares G, Salvo A, Cabido M, Zak M Not all species are likely to be equally affected by habitat fragmentation; thus, we evaluated the effects of size of forest remnants on trophically linked communities of plants, leaf-mining insects, and their parasitoids. We explored the possibility of differential vulnerability to habitat area reduction in relation to species-specific and food-web traits by comparing species-area regression slopes. Moreover, we searched for a synergistic effect of these traits and of trophic level. We collected mined leaves and recorded plant, leaf miner, and parasitoid species interactions in five 100-m2 transects in 19 Chaco Serrano woodland remnants in central Argentina. Species were classified into extreme categories according to body siz... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821423 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:25 +0100 2821423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821422&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bisseleua DH, Missoup AD, Vidal S World chocolate demand is expected to more than double by 2050. Decisions about how to meet this challenge will have profound effects on tropical rainforests and wild species in cocoa-producing countries. Cocoa, "the chocolate tree," is traditionally produced under a diverse and dense canopy of shade trees that provide habitat for a high diversity of organisms. The current trend to reduce or eliminate shade cover raises concerns about the potential loss of biodiversity. Nevertheless, few studies have assessed the ecological consequences and economic trade-offs under different management options in cocoa plantations. Here we describe the relationships between ant ecology (species richness, community composition, and abundance) and vegetation st... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821422 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:22 +0100 2821422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821421&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jennings N, Pocock MJ We tested the hypothesis that variation in the sensitivity of animals to habitat change is explained by ecological traits (life-history traits, trophic level, and mobility). We measured the sensitivity of insectivorous mammals (shrews and bats) and their prey (arthropods active at the soil surface and nocturnal aerial arthropods) to three aspects of agricultural intensification in a matched-pair experimental design: increased use of agrochemicals (comparison of organic and conventional cereal crops, with pairing for the size of the boundary hedge), change in grassland management from hay to silage (with pairing for the size of the boundary hedge), and increased field size due to hedgerow loss (with boundary-field comparisons as a proxy). We assessed the s... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821421 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:19 +0100 2821421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821420&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greenwald KR, Gibbs HL, Waite TA Amphibians worldwide are facing rapid declines due to habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, and other causes. Where habitat alteration is implicated, there is a need for spatially explicit conservation plans. Models built with geographic information systems (GIS) are frequently used to inform such planning. We explored the potential for using GIS models of functional landscape connectivity as a reliable proxy for genetically derived measures of population isolation. We used genetic assignment tests to characterize isolation of marbled salamander populations and evaluated whether the relative amount of modified habitat around breeding ponds was a reliable indicator of population isolation. Using a resampling analysis, we determined whether ce... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821420 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:17 +0100 2821420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821419&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parry L, Barlow J, Peres CA The interaction between land-use change and the sustainability of hunting is poorly understood but is critical for sustaining hunted vertebrate populations and a protein supply for the rural poor. We investigated sustainability of hunting in an Amazonian landscape mosaic, where a small human population had access to large areas of both primary and secondary forest. Harvestable production of mammals and birds was calculated from density estimates. We compared production with offtake from three villages and used catch-per-unit-effort as an independent measure of prey abundance. Most species were hunted unsustainably in primary forest, leading to local depletion of the largest primates and birds. The estimated sustainable supply of wild meat was higher... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821419 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:14 +0100 2821419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821418&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walker KL Understanding factors that influence the success of protected areas in curbing unsustainable resource consumption is essential for determining best management strategies and allocating limited resources to those projects most likely to succeed. I used a law-enforcement and monitoring game-theory model from the political science literature to identify three key variables useful in predicting the success of a protected area: costs of monitoring for rule breakers, benefits of catching a rule breaker, and probability of catching a rule breaker if monitoring. Although assigning exact values for each of these variables was difficult, the variables had a strong predictive capacity even when coded as coarse ordinal values. A model in which such values were used correctly pre... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821418 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:12 +0100 2821418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821417&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765041%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holland TG, Peterson GD, Gonzalez A We used socioeconomic models that included economic inequality to predict biodiversity loss, measured as the proportion of threatened plant and vertebrate species, across 50 countries. Our main goal was to evaluate whether economic inequality, measured as the Gini index of income distribution, improved the explanatory power of our statistical models. We compared four models that included the following: only population density, economic footprint (i.e., the size of the economy relative to the country area), economic footprint and income inequality (Gini index), and an index of environmental governance. We also tested the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, but it was not supported by the data. Statistical comparisons of the models reveale... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821417 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:09 +0100 2821417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2821416&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19765042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beever EA PMID: 19765042 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2821416 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 15:00:07 +0100 2821416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810103&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19758390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muir MJ, Schwartz MW Graduate education in conservation biology has been assailed as ineffective and inadequate to train the professionals needed to solve conservation problems. To identify how graduate education might better fit the needs of the conservation workplace, we surveyed practitioners and academics about the importance of particular skills on the job and the perceived importance of teaching those same skills in graduate school. All survey participants (n = 189) were alumni from the University of California Davis Graduate Group in Ecology and received thesis-based degrees from 1973 to 2008. Academic and practitioner respondents clearly differed in workplace skills, although there was considerably more agreement in training recommendations. On the basis of participant... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810103 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810102&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19758391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becker CG, Fonseca CR, Haddad CF, Prado PI Most amphibian species have biphasic life histories and undergo an ontogenetic shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. In deforested landscapes, streams and forest fragments are frequently disjunct, jeopardizing the life cycle of forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae. We tested the impact of habitat split-defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life-history stages of a species-on four forest-associated amphibian species in a severely fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We surveyed amphibians in forest fragments with and without streams (referred to as wet and dry fragments, respectively), including the adjacent grass-field matrix. Our comparison of capture rates in dr... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810102 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2810101&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19758392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chittaro PM, Kaplan IC, Keller A, Levin PS Moving from single-species- to ecosystem-based management requires an understanding of how community-level attributes such as diversity change with area. We used survey data from bottom trawls to examine spatial patterns of species richness in U.S. Pacific coastal fishes. Specifically, we generated and compared species-area relationships (SARs) for species classified into several groups on the basis of maximum body size, trophic level, diet, maximum depth, geographic affinity, and taxonomic order. Because SARs among groups were not parallel and z values varied significantly for several groups, groups of species were under- or overrepresented (depending on the size of the area) relative to their proportions in the entire community (i.e... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2810101 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2810101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2758837&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19723137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bell CD, Blumenthal JM, Broderick AC, Godley BJ Where mechanisms inherent within the biology of a species affect individual fitness at low density, demographic-scale depensation may occur, hastening further decline and leading ultimately to population extirpation and species extinction. Reduction in fertility at low population densities has been identified in marine and terrestrial species. Using data on hatch success and hatchling-emergence success as proxies for fertilization success, we conducted a global meta-analysis of data from breeding aggregations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). We found that there has been no reduction in fertility in small nesting aggregations in either of these species worldwide. We considered mechanisms ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2758837 Sun, 30 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2758837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2758838&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19719725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scholte P, de Groot WT PMID: 19719725 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2758838 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2758838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2650720&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19637406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Dyck H, Van Strien AJ, Maes D, Van Swaay CA Analyses of species' population losses typically show a dichotomy between strongly affected, rare, and localized species and apparently unaffected, common, and widespread species. We analyzed 16 years (1992-2007) of butterfly transect count data from The Netherlands in a reevaluation of the trends of common, widespread species. Fifty-five percent (11 of 20 species) of these species suffered severe declines in distribution and abundance. Overall, cumulative butterfly abundance declined by around 30%. Some of the species in decline used to be omnipresent in gardens and parks, and 2 of the species were previously considered agricultural pests. Based on their declines over the last 16 years, 2 of the 20 species (Lasiommata megera and... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2650720 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 10:20:06 +0100 2650720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640030&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redford KH, Adams WM PMID: 19627303 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640030 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:47:00 +0100 2640030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640029&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seddon PJ, Armstrong DP, Soorae P, Launay F, Walker S, Ruiz-Miranda CR, Molur S, Koldewey H, Kleiman DG PMID: 19627304 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640029 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:58 +0100 2640029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640028&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koh LP PMID: 19627305 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640028 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:56 +0100 2640028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640027&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orr DW PMID: 19627306 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640027 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:54 +0100 2640027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640026&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becker W PMID: 19627307 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640026 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:52 +0100 2640026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640025&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McKibben B PMID: 19627308 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640025 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:49 +0100 2640025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640024&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez JP PMID: 19627309 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640024 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:47 +0100 2640024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640023&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abrams RW, Anwana ED, Ormsby A, Dovie DB, Ajagbe A, Abrams A Developed nations intervened in conservation policy across Africa during the 20th century to address needs to protect species and biodiversity that were based on their own perceptions and priorities. In the 21st century, conservationists in Africa have revised these perceptions and begun the process of identifying conservation priorities from an African perspective and in consideration of Africans' priorities. Although foreign conservation interveners struggled to identify mechanisms to which local people would respond, African conservationists are now demonstrating how to integrate the continent's unique socioeconomic circumstances into efforts to protect biodiversity. In Africa effective conservation policy must in... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640023 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:45 +0100 2640023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640022&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McNeely JA, Kapoor-Vijay P, Zhi L, Olsvig-Whittaker L, Sheikh KM, Smith AT With about half the world's human population and booming economies, Asia faces numerous challenges to its biodiversity. The Asia Section of the Society for Conservation Biology has identified some key policy issues in which significant progress can be made. These include developing new sources of funding for forest conservation; identifying potential impacts of energy alternatives on the conservation of biodiversity; curbing the trade in endangered species of plants and animals; a special focus on the conservation of mountain biodiversity; enhancing relevant research; ensuring that conservation biology contributes to major international conventions and funding mechanisms; using conservation biology to b... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640022 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:42 +0100 2640022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640021&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ceballos G, Vale MM, Bonacic C, Calvo-Alvarado J, List R, Bynum N, Medellín RA, Simonetti JA, Rodríguez JP The Austral and Neotropical America (ANA) section of the Society for Conservation Biology includes a vast territory with some of the largest relatively pristine ecosystems in the world. With more than 573 million people, the economic growth of the region still depends strongly on natural resource exploitation and still has high rates of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. A survey among the ANA section membership, with more than 700 members, including most of the section's prominent ecologists and conservationists, indicates that lack of capacity building for conservation, corruption, and threats such as deforestation and illegal trade of species, a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640021 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:40 +0100 2640021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640020&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pullin AS, Báldi A, Can OE, Dieterich M, Kati V, Livoreil B, Lövei G, Mihók B, Nevin O, Selva N, Sousa-Pinto I Europe is one of the world's most densely populated continents and has a long history of human-dominated land- and seascapes. Europe is also at the forefront of developing and implementing multinational conservation efforts. In this contribution, we describe some top policy issues in Europe that need to be informed by high-quality conservation science. These include evaluation of the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network of protected sites, implications of rapid economic and subsequent land-use change in Central and Eastern Europe, conservation of marine biodiversity and sustainability of fisheries, the effect of climate change on movement of species... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640020 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:37 +0100 2640020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640019&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noss RF, Fleishman E, Dellasala DA, Fitzgerald JM, Gross MR, Main MB, Nagle F, O'Malley SL, Rosales J The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) can enhance conservation of biodiversity in North America by increasing its engagement in public policy. Toward this end, the North America Section of SCB is establishing partnerships with other professional organizations in order to speak more powerfully to decision makers and taking other actions--such as increasing interaction with chapters--geared to engage members more substantively in science-policy issues. Additionally, the section is developing a North American Biodiversity Blueprint, which spans the continental United States and Canada and is informed by natural and social science. This blueprint is intended to clarify the po... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640019 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:35 +0100 2640019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640018&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kingsford RT, Watson JE, Lundquist CJ, Venter O, Hughes L, Johnston EL, Atherton J, Gawel M, Keith DA, Mackey BG, Morley C, Possingham HP, Raynor B, Recher HF, Wilson KA Oceania is a diverse region encompassing Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, New Zealand, and Polynesia, and it contains six of the world's 39 hotspots of diversity. It has a poor record for extinctions, particularly for birds on islands and mammals. Major causes include habitat loss and degradation, invasive species, and overexploitation. We identified six major threatening processes (habitat loss and degradation, invasive species, climate change, overexploitation, pollution, and disease) based on a comprehensive review of the literature and for each developed a set of conservation policies. Many policies refle... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640018 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:32 +0100 2640018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640017&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627316%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Doukakis P, Parsons EC, Burns WC, Salomon AK, Hines E, Cigliano JA A number of international treaties address the conservation of marine resources. The declining state of the world's oceans suggests that these treaties are not succeeding and could use improvement. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) is increasingly embracing the conservation of marine species. We examine the evolution of marine species protection under CITES and illuminate some of the mechanisms used and challenges faced in implementing CITES protection. We found that clarification is needed on when and where CITES applies and how CITES should work with other treaties and institutions. The Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) can contribute to increased effectiveness of CITES ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640017 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:30 +0100 2640017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640016&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627317%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robison BH The deep ocean is home to the largest ecosystems on our planet. This vast realm contains what may be the greatest number of animal species, the greatest biomass, and the greatest number of individual organisms in the living world. Humans have explored the deep ocean for about 150 years, and most of what is known is based on studies of the deep seafloor. In contrast, the water column above the deep seabed comprises more than 90% of the living space, yet less than 1% of this biome has been explored. The deep pelagic biota is the largest and least-known major faunal group on Earth despite its obvious importance at the global scale. Pelagic species represent an incomparable reservoir of biodiversity. Although we have yet to discover and describe the majority of these sp... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640016 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:26 +0100 2640016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640015&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gallo LA, Marchelli P, Chauchard L, Peñalba MG Researchers dealing with conservation subjects usually do not put the results of their work into practice, even when the primary purpose of their research is the preservation of biodiversity. In the South American temperate forests we identified an area with the highest genetic diversity in Argentina of Nothofagus nervosa, one of the most relevant southern beech species. Based on the information of our scientific study and our recommendations, the authorities of Lanin National Park changed the protection status of this area to avoid logging. The new forestry management plans include consideration of "high genetic diversity" in decisions on where logging will be allowed. Results of our initial genetic study induced the analysi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640015 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:23 +0100 2640015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640014&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ban NC, Picard CR, Vincent AC We compared and integrated marine protected areas proposed through community and scientific assessments in 2 regions of British Columbia, Canada. The community priorities were identified during individual and group interviews with knowledgeable resource users. The scientific priorities were developed with abiotic and biotic data in Marxan, a decision-support tool. The resulting maps of community-based and science-based priorities were very similar for the inshore areas, which lent credibility to both approaches. The resource users thought the science-based maps were fairly good at highlighting areas important for conservation, but preferred the scenarios that integrated the 2 maps to either constituent map. Incorporating spatial variation in human... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640014 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:21 +0100 2640014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640013&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ayroles JF, Hughes KA, Rowe KC, Reedy MM, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Drnevich JM, Cáceres CE, Paige KN Although the genetic basis of inbreeding depression is still being debated, most fitness effects are thought to be the result of increased homozygosity for recessive or partially recessive deleterious alleles rather than the loss of overdominant genes. It is unknown how many loci are associated with inbreeding depression, the genes or gene pathways involved, or their mode of action. To uncover genes associated with variation in fitness following inbreeding, we generated a set of inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster for which only the third chromosome varied among lines and measured male competitive reproductive success among these lines to estimate inbreeding depression. Male ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640013 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:18 +0100 2640013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640012&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tallamy DW, Shropshire KJ In light of the wide-scale replacement of native plants in North America with introduced, invasive species and noninvasive ornamental plants that evolved elsewhere, we compared the value of native and introduced plants in terms of their ability to serve as host plants for Lepidoptera. Insect herbivores such as Lepidoptera larvae are critically important components of terrestrial food webs and any reduction in their biomass or diversity due to the loss of acceptable host plants is predicted to reduce the production of the many insectivores in higher trophic levels. We conducted an exhaustive search of host records in the literature. We used the data we gathered to rank all 1385 plant genera that occur in the mid-Atlantic states of the United States by ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640012 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:16 +0100 2640012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640011&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627322%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muriel SB, Kattan GH Determining the permeability of different types of landscape matrices to animal movement is essential for conserving populations in fragmented landscapes. We evaluated the effects of habitat patch size and matrix type on diversity, isolation, and dispersal of ithomiine butterflies in forest fragments surrounded by coffee agroecosystems in the Colombian Andes. Because ithomiines prefer a shaded understory, we expected the highest diversity and abundance in large fragments surrounded by shade coffee and the lowest in small fragments surrounded by sun coffee. We also thought shade coffee would favor butterfly dispersal and immigration into forest patches. We marked 9675 butterflies of 39 species in 12 forest patches over a year. Microclimate conditions were m... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640011 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:13 +0100 2640011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640010&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Romagosa CM, Guyer C, Wooten MC The process of taxonomic homogenization occurs through two mechanisms, extinctions and introductions, and leads to a reduction of global biodiversity. We used available U.S. trade data as a proxy for global trade in live vertebrates to assess the contribution of trade to the process of taxonomic homogenization. Data included all available U.S. importation and exportation records, estimation of extinction risk, and reports of establishment outside the native range for species within six vertebrate groups. Based on Monte Carlo sampling, the number of species traded, established outside of the native range, and threatened with extinction was not randomly distributed among vertebrate families. Twenty-eight percent of vertebrate families that were tr... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640010 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:11 +0100 2640010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640009&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Halme P, Mönkkönen M, Kotiaho JS, Ylisirniö AL, Markkanen A Biodiversity indicator species are needed for classifying biotopes and sites for conservation, and a number of methods have been developed for determining indicator species for this purpose. Nevertheless, in addition to site classification, there is sometimes a need to define an indicator species that indicates the occurrence of another species. For example, when a species of interest (target species) is difficult to detect or identify, a reliable indicator species can function as a tool that saves time and money. We derived a method that provides a quantitative measure of the indicator power (IP) of an indicator species for the target species or any species assemblage. We calculated the measure of IP f... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640009 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:09 +0100 2640009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640008&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627325%26dopt%3DAbstract We report variations in sex ratio at fledging from a long-term study of a declining population of Spanish Imperial Eagles (Aquila adalberti). Nestling sex-ratio deviation apparently was mediated by age of breeders, whereas territory quality had no obvious effect. Adult-adult pairs produced the same proportion of both sexes in high- or low-density situations, but pairs with at least one member in nonadult plumage class produced more males. As the population declined over a period of years, the proportion of breeders with immature plumage increased; consequently, the proportion of fledgling males increased. However, when population density was high, the proportion of breeders with immature plumage decreased and more female offspring were produced. This relationship between population density... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640008 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:07 +0100 2640008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640007&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hunter ML, Bean MJ, Lindenmayer DB, Wilcove DS PMID: 19627326 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640007 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 17:46:05 +0100 2640007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640036&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19624526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pauli JN, Whiteman JP, Riley MD, Middleton AD PMID: 19624526 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640036 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640034&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19624528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wade AA, Theobald DM Conservation of ecological processes and biodiversity may require development of a conservation system consisting of protected "cores" surrounded by "buffer zones" that effectively expand and connect the cores. Nevertheless, residential development near protected areas may threaten de facto protected areas and hinder development of an official conservation system in the United States. We identified potential conservation cores based on existing protected areas, and using a spatially explicit model of housing densities, we quantified how residential development has altered the structural context around cores nationally from 1970 to 2000 and forecasted changes from 2000 to 2030. We found that residential housing development has likely occurred preferentially... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640034 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2640034