MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Conservation Biology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 14:32:02 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655465&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280321%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noss RF, Dobson AP, Baldwin R, Beier P, Davis CR, Dellasala DA, Francis J, Locke H, Nowak K, Lopez R, Reining C, Trombulak SC, Tabor G PMID: 22280321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655465 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655464&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280322%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nazareno AG, Feres JM, de Carvalho D, Sebbenn AM, Lovejoy TE, Laurance WF PMID: 22280322 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655464 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655463&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280323%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin TG, Burgman MA, Fidler F, Kuhnert PM, Low-Choy S, McBride M, Mengersen K Abstract   Expert knowledge is used widely in the science and practice of conservation because of the complexity of problems, relative lack of data, and the imminent nature of many conservation decisions. Expert knowledge is substantive information on a particular topic that is not widely known by others. An expert is someone who holds this knowledge and who is often deferred to in its interpretation. We refer to predictions by experts of what may happen in a particular context as expert judgments. In general, an expert-elicitation approach consists of five steps: deciding how information will be used, determining what to elicit, designing the elicitation process, performing the elicitation, ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655463 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655462&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280324%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilhere GF Abstract   Policy advocacy is an issue regularly debated among conservation scientists. These debates have focused on intentional policy advocacy by scientists, but advocacy can also be unintentional. I define inadvertent policy advocacy as the act of unintentionally expressing personal policy preferences or ethical judgments in a way that is nearly indistinguishable from scientific judgments. A scientist may be well intentioned and intellectually honest but still inadvertently engage in policy advocacy. There are two ways to inadvertently engage in policy advocacy. First, a scientist expresses an opinion that she or he believes is a scientific judgment but it is actually an ethical judgment or personal policy preference. Second, a scientist expresses an opini... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655462 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655461&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abstract Cover: A poster of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) decorates the wall of a restaurant in Brinkley, Arkansas (U.S.A.). The town is located near where the bird was reportedly sighted in 2004, 60 years after its presumed extinction. Th ree papers in this issue present new methods to estimate whether species are extinct. On pages 47-56, Gotelli et al. introduce a statistical method for estimating the probability of species persistence from the temporal sequence of collection dates of museum specimens. Application of the method to a case study of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker suggests there is virtually no chance the species is currently extant within its historical range in the southeastern United States. On pages 180-184, Solow et al. describe a ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655461 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655469&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22268756%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huxley-Jones E, Shaw JL, Fletcher C, Parnell J, Watts PC Abstract   Increased education of consumers can be an effective tool for conservation of commercially harvested marine species when product labeling is accurate and allows an informed choice. However, generic labeling (e.g., as white fish or surimi) and mislabeling of seafood prevents this and may erode consumer confidence in seafood product labels in general. We used DNA barcoding to identify the species composition of two types of convenience seafood (i.e., products processed for ease of consumption): fish fingers (long pieces of fish covered with bread crumbs or batter, n= 241) and seafood sticks (long pieces of cooked fish, n= 30). In products labeled as either white fish or surimi, four teleost species were pr... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655469 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655468&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22268786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arponen A, Lehtomäki J, Leppänen J, Tomppo E, Moilanen A Abstract   The outcome of analyses that prioritize locations for conservation on the basis of distributions of species, land cover, or other elements is influenced by the spatial resolution of data used in the analyses. We explored the influence of data resolution on prioritization of Finnish forests with Zonation, a software program that ranks the priority of cells in a landscape for conservation. We used data on the distribution of different forest types that were aggregated to nine different resolutions ranging from 0.1 × 0.1 km to 25.6 × 25.6 km. We analyzed data at each resolution with two variants of Zonation that had different criteria for prioritization, with and without accounting for connectivity and ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655468 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655467&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22268810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andrello M, Nicolè F, Till-Bottraud I, Gaggiotti OE Abstract   Effective population size (N (e) ) determines the strength of genetic drift and can influence the level of genetic diversity a population can maintain. Assessing how changes in demographic rates associated with environmental variables and management actions affect N (e) thus can be crucial to the conservation of endangered species. Calculation of N (e) through demographic models makes it possible to use elasticity analyses to study this issue. The elasticity of N (e) to a given vital rate is the proportional change in N (e) associated with a proportional increase in that vital rate. In addition, demographic models can be used to study N (e) and population growth rate (λ) simultaneously. Simultaneous examina... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655467 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5655466&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22268847%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined these mechanisms through multiseason occupancy models that elucidated patch-occupancy dynamics of Middle Spotted Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos medius) in northwestern Spain. The number of occupied patches was relatively stable from 2000 to 2010 (15-24% of 101 patches occupied every year) because extinction was balanced by recolonization. Larger and higher quality patches (i.e., higher density of oaks >37 cm dbh [diameter at breast height]) were more likely to be occupied. Habitat quality (i.e., density of large oaks) explained more variation in patch colonization and extinction than did patch size and connectivity, which were both weakly associated with probabilities of turnover. Patches of higher quality were more likely to be colonized than patches of lower quality. Populations... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5655466 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5655466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619103&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22260356%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller TJ, Quintana-Ascencio PF, Maliakal-Witt S, Menges ES Abstract   Metacommunity theory allows predictions about the dynamics of potentially interacting species' assemblages that are linked by dispersal, but strong empirical tests of the theory are rare. We analyzed the metacommunity dynamics of Florida rosemary scrub, a patchily distributed pyrogenic community, to test predictions about turnover rates, community nestedness, and responses to patch size, arrangement, and quality. We collected occurrence data for 45 plant species from 88 rosemary scrub patches in 1989 and 2005 and used growth form, mechanism of regeneration after fire, and degree of habitat specialization to categorize species by life history. We tested whether patch size, fire history, and structural ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619103 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619102&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22260376%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the views of 63 scientists and practitioners involved in marine management in Mexico's Gulf of California, the central California coast, and the western Pacific on the challenges associated with integrating social science into research efforts that support ecosystem-based management (EBM) in marine systems. We used a semistructured interview format. Questions focused on how EBM was developed for these sites and how contextual factors affected its development and outcomes. Many of the traditional challenges linked with interdisciplinary research were present in the EBM projects we studied. However, a number of contextual elements affected how mandates to include social science were interpreted and implemented as well as how easily challenges could be addressed. For example, a co... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619102 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5619102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595399&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236256%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: VAN Wilgen NJ, Richardson DM Abstract   We developed a method to predict the potential of non-native reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) to establish populations. This method may inform efforts to prevent the introduction of invasive non-native species. We used boosted regression trees to determine whether nine variables influence establishment success of introduced herpetofauna in California and Florida. We used an independent data set to assess model performance. Propagule pressure was the variable most strongly associated with establishment success. Species with short juvenile periods and species with phylogenetically more distant relatives in regional biotas were more likely to establish than species that start breeding later and those that have close relatives. A... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595399 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5595399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526260&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22181933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gahl MK, Longcore JE, Houlahan JE Abstract   Chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is widespread among amphibians in northeastern North America. It is unknown, however, whether Bd has the potential to cause extensive amphibian mortalities in northeastern North America as have occurred elsewhere. In the laboratory, we exposed seven common northeastern North American amphibian species to Bd to assess the likelihood of population-level effects from the disease. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and postmetamorphic frogs of six other species to two different strains of Bd, a northeastern strain (JEL404) and a strain that caused die-offs of amphibians in Panama (JEL423), under ideal in vitro growth conditions forâ€... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526260 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526257&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182047%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foerster S, Wilkie DS, Morelli GA, Demmer J, Starkey M, Telfer P, Steil M, Lewbel A Abstract   Hunted wild animals (i.e., bushmeat) are a main source of protein for many rural populations in the tropics, and the unsustainable harvest of these animals puts both human food security and ecosystem functioning at risk. To understand the correlates of bushmeat consumption, we surveyed 1219 households in 121 rural villages near three newly established national parks in Gabon. Through the surveys we gathered information on bushmeat consumption, income, and material assests. In addition, we quantified land cover in a 5-km radius around the village center and distance of the village center to the nearest park boundary. Bushmeat was not a source of income for most households, but i... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526257 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526256&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ellison WT, Southall BL, Clark CW, Frankel AS Abstract   Acute effects of anthropogenic sounds on marine mammals, such as from military sonars, energy development, and offshore construction, have received considerable international attention from scientists, regulators, and industry. Moreover, there has been increasing recognition and concern about the potential chronic effects of human activities (e.g., shipping). It has been demonstrated that increases in human activity and background noise can alter habitats of marine animals and potentially mask communications for species that rely on sound to mate, feed, avoid predators, and navigate. Without exception, regulatory agencies required to assess and manage the effects of noise on marine mammals have addressed only the a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526256 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526262&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22136403%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fisher DO, Blomberg SP Abstract   For species with five or more sightings, quantitative techniques exist to test whether a species is extinct on the basis of distribution of sightings. However, 70% of purportedly extinct mammals are known from fewer than five sightings, and such models do not include some important indicators of the likelihood of extinction such as threats, biological traits, search effort, and demography. Previously, we developed a quantitative method that we based on species' traits in which we used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate the probability of rediscovery of species regarded as extinct. Here, we used two versions of the Cox regression model to determine the probability of extinction in purportedly extinct mammals and compared the... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526262 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5526261&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22136430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gavish Y, Ziv Y, Rosenzweig ML Abstract   Habitat loss reduces species diversity, but the effect of habitat fragmentation on number of species is less clear because fragmentation generally accompanies loss of habitat. We compared four methods that aim to decouple the effects of fragmentation from the effects of habitat loss. Two methods are based on species-area relations, one on Fisher's alpha index of diversity, and one on plots of cumulative number of species detected against cumulative area sampled. We used these methods to analyze the species diversity of spiders in 2, 3.2 × 4 km agricultural landscapes in Southern Judea Lowlands, Israel. Spider diversity increased as fragmentation increased with all four methods, probably not because of the additive within-patch p... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5526261 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5526261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412553&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rice JC PMID: 22070250 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412553 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:49 +0100 5412553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412552&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070251%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hedrick PW, Adams JR, Vucetich JA PMID: 22070251 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412552 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:39 +0100 5412552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412551&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22070252 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412551 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:29 +0100 5412551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412550&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Redford KH, Fleishman E PMID: 22070253 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412550 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:19 +0100 5412550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412549&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conn C PMID: 22070254 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412549 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:10 +0100 5412549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412548&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070255%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schultz PW PMID: 22070255 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412548 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:04:00 +0100 5412548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412547&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070256%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Painter RL, Duran A, Miro E PMID: 22070256 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412547 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:03:50 +0100 5412547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412546&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070257%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waterhouse J PMID: 22070257 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412546 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:03:39 +0100 5412546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412545&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070258%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caamaño JA PMID: 22070258 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412545 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:03:29 +0100 5412545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412544&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070259%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karmapa HH, Dorje OT PMID: 22070259 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412544 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:03:19 +0100 5412544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412543&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070260%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hardin R PMID: 22070260 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412543 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:03:09 +0100 5412543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412542&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070261%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pritchard L PMID: 22070261 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412542 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:59 +0100 5412542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412541&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070262%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Brien P PMID: 22070262 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412541 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:49 +0100 5412541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412540&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070263%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dinerstein E PMID: 22070263 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412540 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:39 +0100 5412540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412539&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070264%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nepstad DC, McGrath DG, Soares-Filho B PMID: 22070264 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412539 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:28 +0100 5412539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412538&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070265%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McLaughlin DW PMID: 22070265 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412538 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:18 +0100 5412538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412537&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quintero JD, Mathur A PMID: 22070266 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412537 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:02:08 +0100 5412537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412536&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peres CA PMID: 22070267 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412536 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:58 +0100 5412536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412535&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCay BJ, Jones PJ PMID: 22070268 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412535 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:48 +0100 5412535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412532&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070269%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferraro PJ PMID: 22070269 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412532 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:38 +0100 5412532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412529&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hannah L PMID: 22070270 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412529 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:28 +0100 5412529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412528&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070271%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hellmann JJ, Pfrender ME PMID: 22070271 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412528 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:17 +0100 5412528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412527&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudd MA Abstract   The large investments needed if loss of biological diversity is to be stemmed will likely lead to increased public and political scrutiny of conservation strategies and the science underlying them. It is therefore crucial to understand the degree of consensus or divergence among scientists on core scientific perceptions and strategies most likely to achieve given objectives. I developed an internet survey designed to elucidate the opinions of conservation scientists. Conservation scientists (n =583) were unanimous (99.5%) in their view that a serious loss of biological diversity is likely, very likely, or virtually certain. Scientists' agreement that serious loss is very likely or virtually certain ranged from 72.8% for Western Europe to 90.9% for Sout... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412527 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:01:06 +0100 5412527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412526&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blackman A, Rivera J Abstract   Initiatives certifying that producers of goods and services adhere to defined environmental and social-welfare production standards are increasingly popular. According to proponents, these initiatives create financial incentives for producers to improve their environmental, social, and economic performance. We reviewed the evidence on whether these initiatives have such benefits. We identified peer-reviewed, ex post, producer-level studies in economic sectors in which certification is particularly prevalent (bananas, coffee, fish products, forest products, and tourism operations), classified these studies on the basis of whether their design and methods likely generated credible results, summarized findings from the studies with credible r... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412526 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:00:55 +0100 5412526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412525&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pio DV, Broennimann O, Barraclough TG, Reeves G, Rebelo AG, Thuiller W, Guisan A, Salamin N Abstract   Considering genetic relatedness among species has long been argued as an important step toward measuring biological diversity more accurately, rather than relying solely on species richness. Some researchers have correlated measures of phylogenetic diversity and species richness across a series of sites and suggest that values of phylogenetic diversity do not differ enough from those of species richness to justify their inclusion in conservation planning. We compared predictions of species richness and 10 measures of phylogenetic diversity by creating distribution models for 168 individual species of a species-rich plant family, the Cape Proteaceae. When we used average... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412525 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:00:45 +0100 5412525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412524&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070275%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether inbreeding depression was affecting Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae), a subspecies listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our objectives were to characterize genetic variation in this subspecies; test whether inbreeding depression affects bighorn sheep vital rates (adult survival and female fecundity); evaluate whether inbreeding depression may limit subspecies recovery; and examine the potential for genetic management to increase population growth rates. Genetic variation in 4 populations of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep was among the lowest reported for any wild bighorn sheep population, and our results suggest that inbreeding depression has reduced adult female fecundity. Despite this population sizes and growth rates predicted... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412524 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:00:34 +0100 5412524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412523&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070276%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drew J PMID: 22070276 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412523 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:00:23 +0100 5412523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412522&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070277%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abstract Cover: Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) swim upriver to Kuril Lake on Russia's remote Kamchatka Peninsula, the most productive spawning area for the species in the western Pacific. On pages 1075-1079, Charles Conn reflects on the state and future of conservation science from his perspective as an environmental grant maker whose career began in high-profile internet businesses. His work on wild salmon ecosystems highlights the effectiveness of aligning biological and economic values held by society. Conn suggests that implementation of national sustainability policies, international certification regimes, and changes in resource access and governance may change patterns of human consumption and achieve conservation objectives in the coming decades. Cover image ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412522 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 11:00:12 +0100 5412522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376859&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baker J, Milner-Gulland EJ, Leader-Williams N Abstract   Conflicts between protected-area managers and local people are common, but the drivers of conflict are rarely analyzed. This limits opportunities to identify strategies that reduce conflict and the magnitude of resulting threats to conservation. Integrated conservation and development (ICD) was adopted at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda, to reduce conflict during gazettement of the national park, but the success of this approach remains contested. We retrieved documents of conflict written by park staff and local people from 1986 through 2000 (before, during, and after gazettement). We extracted data on 48 incidences of violent conflict and categorized them by gazettement period, area, instigator, and type to un... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376859 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376858&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044646%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vranckx G, Jacquemyn H, Muys B, Honnay O Abstract   Shrubs and trees are assumed less likely to lose genetic variation in response to habitat fragmentation because they have certain life-history characteristics such as long lifespans and extensive pollen flow. To test this assumption, we conducted a meta-analysis with data on 97 woody plant species derived from 98 studies of habitat fragmentation. We measured the weighted response of four different measures of population-level genetic diversity to habitat fragmentation with Hedge's d and Spearman rank correlation. We tested whether the genetic response to habitat fragmentation was mediated by life-history traits (longevity, pollination mode, and seed dispersal vector) and study characteristics (genetic marker and plant m... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376858 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376857&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22044678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alexander L, Hess GR Abstract   In the United States local land trusts preserve and conserve land to protect water quality and supply, farmlands, habitat for native plants and animals, areas of cultural or historical significance, and scenic views. We surveyed the 24 active, local land trusts in North Carolina (U.S.A.) to determine how they report progress toward attaining such conservation goals. Twenty-two land trusts responded to our survey. Of these, eight reported developing specific conservation goals for all of the properties they protect, five identified conservation targets on all properties, and two reported monitoring biological indicators on all of their protected properties. On the basis of these results, we believe most of the land trusts surveyed could not... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376857 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342132&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22010798%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caro T, Darwin J, Forrester T, Ledoux-Bloom C, Wells C PMID: 22010798 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342132 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342122&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22010832%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carroll C, McRae BH, Brookes A Abstract   Centrality metrics evaluate paths between all possible pairwise combinations of sites on a landscape to rank the contribution of each site to facilitating ecological flows across the network of sites. Computational advances now allow application of centrality metrics to landscapes represented as continuous gradients of habitat quality. This avoids the binary classification of landscapes into patch and matrix required by patch-based graph analyses of connectivity. It also avoids the focus on delineating paths between individual pairs of core areas characteristic of most corridor- or linkage-mapping methods of connectivity analysis. Conservation of regional habitat connectivity has the potential to facilitate recovery of the gray w... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342122 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342121&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22010858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McCarthy KP, Fletcher Jr RJ, Rota CT, Hutto RL Abstract   Predictive models of species distributions are typically developed with data collected along roads. Roadside sampling may provide a biased (nonrandom) sample; however, it is currently unknown whether roadside sampling limits the accuracy of predictions generated by species distribution models. We tested whether roadside sampling affects the accuracy of predictions generated by species distribution models by using a prospective sampling strategy designed specifically to address this issue. We built models from roadside data and validated model predictions at paired locations on unpaved roads and 200 m away from roads (off road), spatially and temporally independent from the data used for model building. We predicte... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342121 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342120&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22010884%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cundill G, Cumming GS, Biggs D, Fabricius C Abstract   The success of adaptive management in conservation has been questioned and the objective-based management paradigm on which it is based has been heavily criticized. Soft systems thinking and social-learning theory expose errors in the assumption that complex systems can be dispassionately managed by objective observers and highlight the fact that conservation is a social process in which objectives are contested and learning is context dependent. We used these insights to rethink adaptive management in a way that focuses on the social processes involved in management and decision making. Our approach to adaptive management is based on the following assumptions: action toward a common goal is an emergent property of c... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342120 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342118&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22010952%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether introduction to vineyards of the New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae), a species listed as threatened by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, affected the abundance of 4 species of Passeriformes that are considered vineyard pests or affected the amount of economic loss due to grape (Vitis vinifera) damage. Three of the species were introduced and remove whole grapes from bunches (Blackbird [Turdus merula], Song Thrush [Turdus philomelos], and Starling [Sturnus vulgaris]), whereas the one native species (Silvereye [Zosterops lateralis]) pecks holes in grapes. The introduction of falcons to vineyards was associated with a significant decrease in the abundance of introduced passerines and with a 95% reduction in the number of grapes remov... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342118 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342142&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21977973%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether multiple-release sites increase reintroduction success, and if so, whether the optimal number of sites for a given scenario can be determined and whether the outcome differs if animals are released alternately (i.e., the location of the release alternates yearly between sites) or consecutively (i.e., one release site is used for several years, then another is used, and so forth). We selected 8 potential release sites in addition to the original site and simulated the release of 180 individuals at a rate of 10 individuals per year in different combinations of the original site and 1-4 additional sites. In our model, releasing animals into the wild at multiple sites produced higher population growth and greater spatial expansion than releasing animals at only one site and... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342142 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342141&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978020%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the differences in the epidemiology and population effects of devil facial tumor disease at 3 well-studied affected sites in eastern Tasmania and 1 in western Tasmania (West Pencil Pine). In contrast to the 3 eastern sites, there has been no rapid increase in disease prevalence or evidence of population decline at West Pencil Pine. Moreover, this is the only onsite at which the population age structure has remained unaltered 4 years after the first detection of disease. The most plausible explanations for the substantial differences in population effects and epidemiology of the disease between eastern and western sites are geographic differences in genotypes or phenotypes of devils and functional differences between tumor strains in the 2 regions. We suggest that conservation e... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342141 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342140&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978094%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is the first empirical demonstration of the fitness consequences of disrupting social relationships among territorial neighbors. PMID: 21978094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342140 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342134&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978136%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined how several community-based, marine, management actions differed in their contribution to national-level conservation goals in Fiji. We held a workshop with experts on local fauna and flora and local marine management actions to translate conservation goals developed by the national government into ecosystem-specific quantitative objectives and to estimate the relative effectiveness of Fiji's community-based management actions in achieving these objectives. The national conservation objectives were to effectively manage 30% of the nation's fringing reefs, nonfringing reefs, mangroves, and intertidal ecosystems (30% objective) and 10% of other benthic ecosystems (10% objective). The experts evaluated the contribution of the various management actions toward national objectives. ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342134 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342133&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jacobson SK, Langin C, Carlton JS, Kaid LL Abstract   Populations of large carnivores are declining globally, and analysis of public discourse about carnivores is useful for understanding public opinion and influences on management and policy. Portrayal of carnivores in the media affects public perceptions and support for their conservation. We conducted a content analysis of 513 articles about Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) published from 2003 to 2006 in newspapers with local circulation in core panther habitat in southwest Florida and papers with statewide circulation to compare the differences in the amount of coverage and portrayals of panther risks to people and property on the basis of proximity of human communities to panthers. Local papers published signi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342133 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294104&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21966985%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elbroch M, Mwampamba TH, Santos MJ, Zylberberg M, Liebenberg L, Minye J, Mosser C, Reddy E Abstract   Evidence suggests that the involvement of local people in conservation work increases a project's chances of success. Involving citizen scientists in research, however, raises questions about data quality. As a tool to better assess potential participants for conservation projects, we developed a knowledge gradient, K, along which community members occupy different positions on the basis of their experience with and knowledge of a research subject. This gradient can be used to refine the citizen-science concept and allow researchers to differentiate between community members with expert knowledge and those with little knowledge. We propose that work would benefit from ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294104 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294103&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967092%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macdonald DW, Johnson PJ, Albrechtsen L, Dutton A, Seymour S, Dupain J, Hall A, Fa JE Abstract   Spatially extensive patterns of bushmeat extraction (and the processes underlying these patterns) have not been explored. We used data from a large sample (n= 87) of bushmeat trading points in urban and rural localities in Nigeria and Cameroon to explore extraction patterns at a regional level. In 7,594 sample days, we observed 61,267 transactions involving whole carcasses. Rural and urban trading points differed in species for sale and in meat condition (fresh or smoked). Carcass price was principally associated with body mass, with little evidence that taxonomic group (primate, rodent, ungulate, or mammalian carnivore) affected price. Moreover, meat condition was not consis... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294103 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294102&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lauber TB, Stedman RC, Decker DJ, Knuth BA Abstract   Authors have documented a "research-implementation gap" in conservation. Research intended to inform conservation practice often does not, and practice often is not informed by the best science. We used the literature on policy learning (i.e., literature attributing policy change to learning) to structure a study of how practice is informed by science in collaborative conservation. We studied implementation by U.S. states of state wildlife action plans. On the basis of 60 interviews with government and nongovernmental organization representatives, we identified 144 implementation initiatives for State Wildlife Action Plans that were collaborative. We conducted case studies of 6 of these initiatives, which included int... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294102 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294101&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Solow A, Smith W, Burgman M, Rout T, Wintle B, Roberts D Abstract   The extinction of a species can be inferred from a record of its sightings. Existing methods for doing so assume that all sightings in the record are valid. Often, however, there are sightings of uncertain validity. To date, uncertain sightings have been treated in an ad hoc way, either excluding them from the record or including them as if they were certain. We developed a Bayesian method that formally accounts for such uncertain sightings. The method assumes that valid and invalid sightings follow independent Poisson processes and use noninformative prior distributions for the rate of valid sightings and for a measure of the quality of uncertain sightings. We applied the method to a recently publ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294101 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294100&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rogers CM Abstract   Populations of landbirds (bird species that occupy terrestrial habitats for most of their life cycle) are declining throughout North America (north of Mexico) and Europe, yet little is known about how demography is driving this trend. A recent model of 5 geographically separated populations of Cerulean Warblers (Dendroica cerulea) that was based on within-season sampling of nest survival and fledgling success shows that all populations are sinks (annual reproduction is consistently less than annual adult mortality). I tested this indirect model by directly measuring fecundity (number of female fledglings/female) during the breeding season for 2 years in a Cerulean Warbler population occupying a mature forest in southwestern Michigan (U.S.A.) I determ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294100 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294099&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967292%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jordan RC, Gray SA, Howe DV, Brooks WR, Ehrenfeld JG Abstract   Citizen-science programs are often touted as useful for advancing conservation literacy, scientific knowledge, and increasing scientific-reasoning skills among the public. Guidelines for collaboration among scientists and the public are lacking and the extent to which these citizen-science initiatives change behavior is relatively unstudied. Over two years, we studied 82 participants in a three-day program that included education about non-native invasive plants and collection of data on the occurrence of those plants. Volunteers were given background knowledge about invasive plant ecology and trained on a specific protocol for collecting invasive plant data. They then collected data and later gathered as a ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294099 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215699&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abstract Cover: African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. On pages 1002-1010, Wittemyer examines relations between African elephant mortality and human-caused wounds and measures of local economic conditions, macroeconomic conditions, and primary productivity. When cattle prices in pastoralist Samburu, Kenya, were low, human-caused wounds to and adult mortality of elephants increased. Changes in gross domestic product in Kenya and East Asia, the primary markets for ivory, did not explain significant variation in mortality. Results suggest that in some cases, economic metrics are associated with changes in human use of and resulting effects on natural resources. Cover image © 2011 Art Wolfe. Photographer: For the past 30 years, Art Wolfe has... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215699 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:37:12 +0100 5215699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215698&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McPherson G PMID: 21902716 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215698 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:37:01 +0100 5215698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215697&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Theberge J, Walker G PMID: 21902717 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215697 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:36:51 +0100 5215697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215696&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Phillips JA, Blackshaw JK Abstract   Populations of large brown algae of the Laminariales and Fucales (Phaeophyta) have declined or been extirpated from many locations on temperate coasts worldwide. We conducted field surveys and a literature review, and examined herbarium specimens, through which we discovered previously unreported extirpations of large brown algal species from a tropical and subtropical coastline. Sargassum amaliae, S. aquifolium, S. carpophyllum, S. polycystum, and S. spinifex were common habitat-forming macroalgae that supported diverse assemblages of invertebrates and smaller algae before urbanization began in 1970 along the 45-km length of Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Causes of these extirpations are not known, but are consistent with l... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215696 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:36:41 +0100 5215696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215695&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902719%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Puschendorf R, Hoskin CJ, Cashins SD, McDonald K, Skerratt LF, Vanderwal J, Alford RA Abstract Abstract  Species that are tolerant of broad environmental gradients may be less vulnerable to epizootic outbreaks of disease. Chytridriomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has been linked to extirpations and extinctions of amphibian species in many regions. The pathogen thrives in cool, moist environments, and high amphibian mortality rates have commonly occurred during chytridiomycosis outbreaks in amphibian populations in high-elevation tropical rainforests. In Australia several high-elevation species, including the armored mist frog (Litoria lorica), which is designated as critically endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215695 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:36:31 +0100 5215695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215694&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902720%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Honey-Rosés J, Baylis K, Ramírez MI Abstract   With the potential expansion of forest conservation programs spurred by climate-change agreements, there is a need to measure the extent to which such programs achieve their intended results. Conventional methods for evaluating conservation impact tend to be biased because they do not compare like areas or account for spatial relations. We assessed the effect of a conservation initiative that combined designation of protected areas with payments for environmental services to conserve over wintering habitat for the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in Mexico. To do so, we used a spatial-matching estimator that matches covariates among polygons and their neighbors. We measured avoided forest loss (avoided disturbance and ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215694 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:36:22 +0100 5215694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215693&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21902721%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21902721 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215693 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 21:36:12 +0100 5215693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189157&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21883465%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Patten MA, Smith-Patten BD Abstract   Many explorations of extinction probability have had a global focus, yet it is unclear whether variables that explain the probability of extinction at large spatial extents are the same as those at small spatial extents. Thus, we used nearly annual presence-absence records for the most recent 40 years of a 110-year data set from Palenque, Mexico, an area with ongoing deforestation, to explore which of >200 species of birds have probabilities of extirpation that are likely to increase. We assessed associations between long-term trends in species presence (i.e., detection in a given year) and body size, geographic range size, diet, dependence on forest cover, taxonomy, and ecological specialization. Our response variable was the est... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189157 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5189157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189158&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schwenk WS, Donovan TM Abstract   Rapidly changing landscapes have spurred the need for quantitative methods for conservation assessment and planning that encompass large spatial extents. We devised and tested a multispecies framework for conservation planning to complement single-species assessments and ecosystem-level approaches. Our framework consisted of 4 elements: sampling to effectively estimate population parameters, measuring how human activity affects landscapes at multiple scales, analyzing the relation between landscape characteristics and individual species occurrences, and evaluating and comparing the responses of multiple species to landscape modification. We applied the approach to a community of terrestrial birds across 25,000 km(2) with a range of inten... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189158 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5189158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147411&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21848962%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lamb JB, Willis BL Abstract   Concentrating tourism activities can be an effective way to closely manage high-use parks and minimize the extent of the effects of visitors on plants and animals, although considerable investment in permanent tourism facilities may be required. On coral reefs, a variety of human-related disturbances have been associated with elevated levels of coral disease, but the effects of reef-based tourist facilities (e.g., permanent offshore visitor platforms) on coral health have not been assessed. In partnership with reef managers and the tourism industry, we tested the effectiveness of concentrating tourism activities as a strategy for managing tourism on coral reefs. We compared prevalence of brown band disease, white syndromes, black band diseas... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147411 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5147411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5147410&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21848964%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leidner AK, Haddad NM Abstract   Understanding the way in which habitat fragmentation disrupts animal dispersal is key to identifying effective and efficient conservation strategies. To differentiate the potential effectiveness of 2 frequently used strategies for increasing the connectivity of populations in fragmented landscapes-corridors and stepping stones-we combined 3 complimentary methods: behavioral studies at habitat edges, mark-recapture, and genetic analyses. Each of these methods addresses different steps in the dispersal process that a single intensive study could not address. We applied the 3 methods to the case study of Atrytonopsis new species 1, a rare butterfly endemic to a partially urbanized stretch of barrier islands in North Carolina (U.S.A.). Re... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5147410 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5147410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088533&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cover: Our Lord's candle (Yucca whipplei) occurs in southern California (U.S.A.) and the southwestern Mojave Desert. Several subspecies are restricted to particular geographic locations or floristic provinces. On pages 672-679, Ferreira and Boldrini review the history of the concept of endemism as it applies to plants. They emphasize that lack of standardization of the geographic extent of endemism complicates classification of species as endemic. On pages 708-715, Geyer et al. present a method of classifying stresses from climate change that affect different levels of biological organization. Probabilities of persistence of endemic taxa are expected to be highly affected by climate change. Cover image © 2011 Tim Laman. Photographer: Tim Laman (http://www.TimLaman.com) is a ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088533 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088532&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gore ML PMID: 21771074 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088532 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088531&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meeus I, Brown MJ, DE Graaf DC, Smagghe G   Bumble bees are a group of pollinators that are both ecologically and economically important and declining worldwide. Numerous mechanisms could be behind this decline, and the spread of parasites from commercial colonies into wild populations has been implicated recently in North America. Commercial breeding may lead to declines because commercial colonies may have high parasite loads, which can lead to colonization of native bumble bee populations; commercial rearing may allow higher parasite virulence to evolve; and global movement of commercial colonies may disrupt spatial patterns in local adaptation between hosts and parasites. We assessed parasite virulence, transmission mode, and infectivity. Microparasites and so-called hon... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088531 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088530&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771076%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Szabó P, Hédl R   The important role of humans in the development of current ecosystems was recognized decades ago; however, the integration of history and ecology in order to inform conservation has been difficult. We identified four issues that hinder historical ecological research and considered possible solutions. First, differences in concepts and methods between the fields of ecology and history are thought to be large. However, most differences stem from miscommunication between ecologists and historians and are less substantial than is usually assumed. Cooperation can be achieved by focusing on the features ecology and history have in common and through understanding and acceptance of differing points of view. Second, historical ecological research is often hampere... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088530 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088529&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sewall BJ, Freestone AL, Moutui MF, Toilibou N, Saïd I, Toumani SM, Attoumane D, Iboura CM   Systematic conservation assessment (an information-gathering and prioritization process used to select the spatial foci of conservation initiatives) is often considered vital to conservation-planning efforts, yet published assessments have rarely resulted in conservation action. Conservation assessments may lead more directly to effective conservation action if they are reoriented to inform conservation decisions. Toward this goal, we evaluated the relative priority for conservation of 7 sites proposed for the first forest reserves in the Union of the Comoros, an area with high levels of endemism and rapidly changing land uses in the western Indian Ocean. Through the analysis of 30 ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088529 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088528&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maranto CJ, Parrish JK, Herman DP, Punt AE, Olden JD, Brett MT, Roby DD   Lethal control, which has been used to reduce local abundances of animals in conflict with humans or with endangered species, may not achieve management goals if animal movement is not considered. In populations with emigration and immigration, lethal control may induce compensatory immigration, if the source of attraction remains unchanged. Within the Columbia River Basin (Washington, U.S.A.), avian predators forage at dams because dams tend to reduce rates of emigration of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), artificially concentrating these prey. We used differences in fatty acid profiles between Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) at coastal and inland breeding colonies and terns culled by a leth... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088528 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088527&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21771079 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088527 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088515&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797923%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gotelli NJ, Chao A, Colwell RK, Hwang WH, Graves GR   Assessing species survival status is an essential component of conservation programs. We devised a new statistical method for estimating the probability of species persistence from the temporal sequence of collection dates of museum specimens. To complement this approach, we developed quantitative stopping rules for terminating the search for missing or allegedly extinct species. These stopping rules are based on survey data for counts of co-occurring species that are encountered in the search for a target species. We illustrate both these methods with a case study of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), long assumed to have become extinct in the United States in the 1950s, but reportedly rediscovered in... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088515 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088513&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797924%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe manual and automated procedures to identify currently functioning or restorable linkages. Once pairs of blocks have been identified, linkage polygons can be mapped by least-cost modeling, other approaches from graph theory, or individual-based movement models. The approaches we outline make assumptions explicit, have outputs that can be improved as underlying data are improved, and help implementers focus strictly on ecological connectivity. PMID: 21797924 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088513 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088511&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797925%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steneck RS, Hughes TP, Cinner JE, Adger WN, Arnold SN, Berkes F, Boudreau SA, Brown K, Folke C, Gunderson L, Olsson P, Scheffer M, Stephenson E, Walker B, Wilson J, Worm B   Unsustainable fishing simplifies food chains and, as with aquaculture, can result in reliance on a few economically valuable species. This lack of diversity may increase risks of ecological and economic disruptions. Centuries of intense fishing have extirpated most apex predators in the Gulf of Maine (United States and Canada), effectively creating an American lobster (Homarus americanus) monoculture. Over the past 20 years, the economic diversity of marine resources harvested in Maine has declined by almost 70%. Today, over 80% of the value of Maine's fish and seafood landings is from highly abundant lo... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088511 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088509&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fullerton AH, Lindley ST, Pess GR, Feist BE, Steel EA, McElhany P   To remain viable, populations must be resilient to both natural and human-caused environmental changes. We evaluated anthropogenic effects on spatial connections among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) (designated as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act) in the lower Columbia and Willamette rivers. For several anthropogenic-effects scenarios, we used graph theory to characterize the spatial relation among populations. We plotted variance in population size against connectivity among populations. In our scenarios, reduced habitat quality decreased the size of populations and hydropower dams on rivers led to the extirpation of several populations, bo... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088509 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088507&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21797927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loss SR, Blair RB   European earthworms (Lumbricus spp.) are spreading into previously earthworm-free forests in the United States and Canada and causing substantial changes, including homogenization of soil structure, removal of the litter layer, and reduction in arthropod abundance and species richness of understory plants. Whether these changes affect songbirds that nest and forage on the forest floor is unknown. In stands with and without earthworms in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin (U.S.A.), we surveyed for, monitored nests of, and measured attributes of habitat of Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) and Hermit Thrushes (Catharus guttatus), both ground-dwelling songbirds, and we sampled earthworms at survey points and nests. Bird surveys indicated signi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088507 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088525&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790783%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the use of surrogate species, in the form of cross-tax on response-indicator species (that is, one species from which data are used to guide management planning for another, distinct species) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California (U.S.A.). In that system there has been increasing reliance on surrogates in conservation planning for species listed under federal or state endangered species acts, although the agencies applying the surrogate species concept did not first validate that the surrogate and target species respond similarly to relevant environmental conditions. During the same period, conservation biologists demonstrated that the surrogate concept is generally unsupported by ecological theory and empirical evidence. Recently developed validation procedures may a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088525 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088523&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790784%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudd MA   Conservation scientists are concerned about the apparent lack of impact their research is having on policy. By better aligning research with policy needs, conservation science might become more relevant to policy and increase its real-world salience in the conservation of biological diversity. Consequently, some conservation scientists have embarked on a variety of exercises to identify research questions that, if answered, would provide the evidence base with which to develop and implement effective conservation policies. I synthesized two existing approaches to conceptualizing research impacts. One widely used approach classifies the impacts of research as conceptual, instrumental, and symbolic. Conceptual impacts occur when policy makers are sensitized to new is... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088523 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088521&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wittemyer G   Declines in economic activity and associated changes in human livelihood strategies can increase threats of species overexploitation. This is exemplified by the effects of economic crises, which often drive intensification of subsistence poaching and greater reliance on natural resources. Whereas development theory links natural resource use to social-economic conditions, few empirical studies of the effect of economic downturns on wild animal species have been conducted. I assessed the relations between African elephant (Loxodonta africana) mortality and human-caused wounds in Samburu, Kenya and (1) livestock and maize prices (measures of local economic conditions), (2) change in national and regional gross domestic product (GDP) (measures of macroeconomic con... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088521 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088519&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PapeÅŸ M, Sällström M, Asplund TR, Vander Zanden MJ   As zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) continue to spread among inland lakes of the United States and Canada, there is growing interest from professionals, citizens, and other stakeholders to know which lakes are likely to be colonized by zebra mussels. Thus, we developed a classification of lake suitability for zebra mussels on the basis of measured or estimated concentrations of dissolved calcium in lake water and applied the classification to >11,500 lakes in Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The majority of lakes (58%) were classified as unsuitable (<10 mg/L Ca) for survival and reproduction of zebra mussels, 27% were identified as suitable (≥21 mg/L Ca), and 15% were classified as borderline s... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088519 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5088517&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21790787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradshaw CJ, Laurance WF, Gibson L, Ehrlich PR, Brook BW PMID: 21790787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5088517 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5088517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5038805&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732979%26dopt%3DAbstract This study represents a step toward identifying and understanding species variation in disease susceptibility, which can be used to optimize conservation strategies. PMID: 21732979 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5038805 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5038805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5038804&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21732980%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the association between spatially extensive habitat loss and apparent survival of males of 2 Neotropical migrant species, Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) and Black-Throated Green Warbler (D. virens), over 7 years in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick, Canada. We estimated apparent survival among and within breeding seasons. We quantified amount of habitat in the context of individual species. In this landscape, boundaries between land-cover types are gradual rather than clearly identifiable and abrupt. Estimated apparent within-season survival of both species decreased as a function of amount of habitat within a 2000-m radius; survival was approximately 12 times (95% CI 3.43-14) greater in landscapes with 85% habitat than in landscapes with 10% habitat. Apparent ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5038804 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5038804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945850&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21672024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leidner AK, Neel MC   Species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (i.e., listed species) have declined to the point that the probability of their extinction is high. The decline of these species, however, may manifest itself in different ways, including reductions in geographic range, number of populations, or overall abundance. Understanding the pattern of decline can help managers assess extinction probability and define recovery objectives. Although quantitative data on changes in geographic range, number of populations, and abundance usually do not exist for listed species, more often qualitative data can be obtained. We used qualitative data in recovery plans for federally listed species to determine whether each listed species declined in range size, number of... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945850 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945849&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adams M, Wedderburn SD, Unmack PJ, Hammer MP, Johnson JB   The intensely regulated Murray-Darling Basin in southeastern Australia is the nation's most extensive and economically important river system, and it contains fragmented populations of numerous fish species. Among these is the Murray hardyhead (Craterocephalus fluviatilis), a species listed as endangered (International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List) in the mid-1990s prior to its acute decline with the progression of a severe drought that began in 1997. We compared the genetic structure of Murray hardyhead with 4 congeneric species (Darling hardyhead[C. amniculus], Finke hardyhead[C. centralis], Lake Eyre hardyhead[C. eyresii], and unspecked hardyhead[C. stercusmuscarum]), selected on the basis of their ta... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945849 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945848&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676027%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the trade-off between population persistence and financial cost of a reintroduction program for Crested Coots (Fulica cristata). This species was nearly extirpated from southern Europe due to unsustainable levels of hunting and reduction in amount and quality of habitat. We used a stochastic, stage-based, single-sex, metapopulation model with site-specific parameters to examine the demographic effects of releasing juveniles or adults in each population for a range of durations. We parameterized the model with data from an unsuccessful reintroduction program in which juvenile captive-bred Crested Coots were released between 2000 and 2009. Using economic data from the captive-breeding program, we also determined whether the strategy that maximized abundance coincided with the lea... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945848 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945847&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McClanahan TR, Omukoto JO   We tested the unsustainable fishing hypothesis that species in assemblages of fish differ in relative abundance as a function of their size, growth rates, vagility, trophic level, and diet by comparing species composition in historical bone middens, modern fisheries, and areas closed to fishing. Historical data came from one of the earliest and most enduring Swahili coastal settlements (approximately AD 750-1400). Modern data came from fisheries near the archeological site and intensively harvested fishing grounds in southern Kenya. The areas we sampled that were closed to fishing (closures) were small (<28 km(2) ) and permanent. The midden data indicated changes in the fish assemblage that are consistent with a weak expansion of fishing intens... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945847 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945846&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Souther S, McGraw JB   Bioclimatic envelope models of species' responses to climate change are used to predict how species will respond to increasing temperatures. These models are frequently based on the assumption that the northern and southern boundaries of a species' range define its thermal niche. However, this assumption may be violated if populations are adapted to local temperature regimes and have evolved population-specific thermal optima. Considering the prevalence of local adaptation, the assumption of a species-wide thermal optimum may be violated for many species. We used spatially and temporally extensive demographic data for American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) to examine range-wide variation in response of population growth rate (λ) to climatic factors... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945846 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945845&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hobbs JP, Jones GP, Munday PL PMID: 21676030 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945845 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945844&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrientos R, Alonso JC, Ponce C, Palacín C   Collisions of birds with power transmission and distribution lines have been documented for many species, and cause millions of casualties worldwide. Attempts to reduce mortality from such collisions include placing bird flight diverters (i.e., wire markers in the form of, e.g., spirals, swivels, plates, or spheres) on static and some electrified wires to increase their visibility. Although studies of the effectiveness of such devices have yielded contradictory results, the implementation of flight diverters is increasing rapidly. We reviewed the results of studies in which transmission or distribution wires were marked and conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of flight diverters in reducing bird mortality. We ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945844 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945843&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21676032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Fisher MC, Fernández-Beaskoetxea S, Fernández-Benéitez MJ, Bosch J   Chytridiomycosis, the emerging disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is responsible for declines and extirpations of amphibian populations worldwide. Environmental covariates modify the host-Bd interaction and thus affect the ongoing spread of the pathogen. One such covariate may be the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. In a field experiment conducted in Laguna Grande de Peñalara (central Spain), a mountainous region where the presence of Bd has been documented since 1997, we analyzed the potential effect of environmental UV-B (daily maximum 2.5-3.9 W/m(2) ) on the susceptibility of larvae of the common toad (Bufo bufo) to Bd. The prop... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945843 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945853&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milder JC, Clark S   Conservation development projects combine real-estate development with conservation of land and other natural resources. Thousands of such projects have been conducted in the United States and other countries through the involvement of private developers, landowners, land trusts, and government agencies. Previous research has demonstrated the potential value of conservation development for conserving species, ecological functions, and other resource values on private lands, especially when traditional sources of conservation funding are not available. Nevertheless, the aggregate extent and effects of conservation development were previously unknown. To address this gap, we estimated the extent and trends of conservation development in the United States a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945853 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945852&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva-Rodríguez EA, Sieving KE   Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) are the most abundant mammalian carnivores worldwide. Given that domestic carnivores rely on human-provided food, their densities are usually independent of prey densities. Nevertheless, underfed pets may need to hunt to meet their energetic and nutritional requirements. We explored the effects of different levels of care (provision of food) of dogs and cats on their predation rates on wild vertebrates in 2 areas of southern Chile. We interviewed cat and dog owners and analyzed prey remains in scats of pets to examine how domestic dogs and cats were managed and to gather information on the wild vertebrates killed and harassed by pets. We used logistic regression to examine the associati... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945852 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4945851&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658129%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mondragón Chaparro D, Ticktin T   Hundreds of epiphytic bromeliads species are harvested from the wild for trade and for cultural uses, but little is known about the effects of this harvest. We assessed the potential demographic effects of harvesting from the wild on 2 epiphytic bromeliads: Tillandsia macdougallii, an atmospheric bromeliad (adsorbs water and nutrients directly from the atmosphere), and T. violaceae, a tank bromeliad (accumulates water and organic material between its leaves). We also examined an alternative to harvesting bromeliads from trees-the collection of fallen bromeliads from the forest floor. We censused populations of T. macdougallii each year from 2005 to 2010 and of T. violaceae from 2005 to 2008, in Oaxaca, Mexico. We also measured monthly fall ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4945851 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4945851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851065&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cover: A blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) raises its fluke before making a deep dive on its winter feeding grounds, Sea of Cortez, Baja California, Mexico. Although blue whales are the largest animals on Earth, they are rare, and their abundance is difficult to estimate. On pages 526-535, Williams et al. demonstrate an application of spatial modeling to estimate abundance of blue whales off the coast of Chile. Their comparison of these estimates of abundance with those for Antarctic blue whales allowed them to infer that Chilean and Antarctic blue whales are separate populations. Additionally, the methods allowed assessment of current abundance of Chilean blue whales relative to abundance before intensive hunting in the 1900s. PMID: 21561468 [PubMed - in process] (Sourc... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851065 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:26 +0100 4851065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851064&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561469%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sanderson EW, Huron A PMID: 21561469 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851064 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:22 +0100 4851064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851063&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Catenazzi A PMID: 21561470 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851063 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:18 +0100 4851063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851062&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forero-Medina G, Joppa L, Pimm SL PMID: 21561471 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851062 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:14 +0100 4851062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851061&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stuble KL, Kirkman LK, Carroll CR, Sanders NJ   The degree to which changes in community composition mediate the probability of colonization and spread of non-native species is not well understood, especially in animal communities. High species richness may hinder the establishment of non-native species. Distinguishing between this scenario and cases in which non-native species become established in intact (lacking extensive anthropogenic soil disturbance) communities and subsequently diminish the abundance and richness of native species is challenging on the basis of observation alone. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), an invasive species that occurs throughout much of the southeastern United States, is such an example. Rather than competitively displacing nat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851061 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:10 +0100 4851061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4851060&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21561473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrolia DR, Interis MG PMID: 21561473 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4851060 Mon, 23 May 2011 03:00:06 +0100 4851060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797728&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21535146%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White JD, Gutzwiller KJ, Barrow WC, Johnson-Randall L, Zygo L, Swint P   Avian conservation efforts must account for changes in vegetation composition and structure associated with climate change. We modeled vegetation change and the probability of occurrence of birds to project changes in winter bird distributions associated with climate change and fire management in the northern Chihuahuan Desert (southwestern U.S.A.). We simulated vegetation change in a process-based model (Landscape and Fire Simulator) in which anticipated climate change was associated with doubling of current atmospheric carbon dioxide over the next 50 years. We estimated the relative probability of bird occurrence on the basis of statistical models derived from field observations of birds and data on v... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797728 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797727&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21535147%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luck GW, Davidson P, Boxall D, Smallbone L   By 2050, 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas. In many cases urbanization reduces the richness and abundance of native species. Living in highly modified environments with fewer opportunities to interact directly with a diversity of native species may adversely affect residents' personal well-being and emotional connection to nature. We assessed the personal well-being, neighborhood well-being (a measure of a person's satisfaction with their neighborhood), and level of connection to nature of over 1000 residents in 36 residential neighborhoods in southeastern Australia. We modeled these response variables as a function of natural features of each neighborhood (e.g., species richness and abundance of birds, densit... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797727 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797726&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21535148%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farmer JR, Knapp D, Meretsky VJ, Chancellor C, Fischer BC   The use of conservation easements as a conservation mechanism for private land has increased greatly in the past decade; conservation easements now protect over 15 million ha across the United States from residential and commercial development. We used a mailed survey and in-depth telephone interviews to determine factors that motivate private landowners in Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin (U.S.A.) to place conservation easements on their properties. The mailed survey asked about characteristics of landowners, their properties, and their opinions on 9 factors related to the decision to place an easement. A follow-up telephone interview was completed with 19 mail-survey participants to gain an in-depth u... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797726 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797725&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21535149%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined well-studied stocks classified as collapsed on the basis of catch data to determine whether these stocks actually were collapsed. We also used stock assessments to compare stock status derived from catch data with status derived from biomass data. Status of stocks derived from catch trends was almost identical to what one would expect if catches were randomly generated with no trend. Most classifications of collapse assigned on the basis of catch data were due to taxonomic reclassification, regulatory changes in fisheries, and market changes. In our comparison of biomass data with catch trends, catch trends overestimated the percentage of overexploited and collapsed stocks. Although our biomass data were primarily from industrial fisheries in developed countries, the status of ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797725 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797729&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21535145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Polak T, Saltz D PMID: 21535145 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797729 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797731&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crossman ND, Bryan BA, Summers DM   A price on carbon is expected to generate demand for carbon offset schemes. This demand could drive investment in tree-based monocultures that provide higher carbon yields than diverse plantings of native tree and shrub species, which sequester less carbon but provide greater variation in vegetation structure and composition. Economic instruments such as species conservation banking, the creation and trading of credits that represent biological-diversity values on private land, could close the financial gap between monocultures and more diverse plantings by providing payments to individuals who plant diverse species in locations that contribute to conservation and restoration goals. We studied a highly modified agricultural system in south... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797731 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797730&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21507061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kremen C, Ullman KS, Thorp RW   Concerns about pollinator declines have grown in recent years, yet the ability to detect changes in abundance, taxonomic richness, and composition of pollinator communities is hampered severely by the lack of data over space and time. Citizen scientists may be able to extend the spatial and temporal extent of pollinator monitoring programs. We developed a citizen-science monitoring protocol in which we trained 13 citizen scientists to observe and classify floral visitors at the resolution of orders or super families (e.g., bee, wasp, fly) and at finer resolution within bees (superfamily Apoidea) only. We evaluated the protocol by comparing data collected simultaneously at 17 sites by citizen scientists (observational data set) and by professio... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797730 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797732&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21492219%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allebone-Webb SM, Kümpel NF, Rist J, Cowlishaw G, Rowcliffe JM, Milner-Gulland EJ   Finding an adequate measure of hunting sustainability for tropical forests has proved difficult. Many researchers have used urban bushmeat market surveys as indicators of hunting volumes and composition, but no analysis has been done of the reliability of market data in reflecting village offtake. We used data from urban markets and the villages that supply these markets to examine changes in the volume and composition of traded bushmeat between the village and the market (trade filters) in Equatorial Guinea. We collected data with market surveys and hunter offtake diaries. The trade filters varied depending on village remoteness and the monopoly power of traders. In a village with limited m... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797732 Wed, 13 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797736&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21488955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sorice MG, Haider W, Conner JR, Ditton RB   In the United States, voluntary incentive programs that aid conservation of plant and wildlife species on private lands provide a structural solution to the problem of protecting endangered species by reducing costs and enhancing benefits to landowners. We explored the potential for incentives to encourage landowners to manage land cover for the benefit of endangered songbirds in central Texas (U.S.A.) by asking landowners to indicate their preferences for financial incentives, technical assistance, and regulatory assurances. We identified owners of potential songbird habitat and collected data in face-to-face interviews and self-administered questionnaires. We used a latent-class stated-choice model to identify 3 classes of landow... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797736 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797735&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21488956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seiferling IS, Proulx R, Peres-Neto PR, Fahrig L, Messier C   Protected areas cover over 12% of the terrestrial surface of Earth, and yet many fail to protect species and ecological processes as originally envisioned. Results of recent studies suggest that a critical reason for this failure is an increasing contrast between the protected lands and the surrounding matrix of often highly altered land cover. We measured the isolation of 114 protected areas distributed worldwide by comparing vegetation-cover heterogeneity inside protected areas with heterogeneity outside the protected areas. We quantified heterogeneity as the contagion of greenness on the basis of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) values, for which a higher value of contagion indicates less heterogen... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797735 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797734&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21488957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferreira PM, Boldrini II   The level of endemism at a site may indicate species richness of the site. Nevertheless, assessing endemism levels in taxonomic groups such as plants may be difficult because the species richness of plants is high relative to species richness of other taxonomic groups (e.g., vertebrates). A major problem in determining whether plant species are endemic is the lack of standardization of the geographic extent of endemism: species are considered endemic to, for example, countries, continents, or states. We compiled a history of the concept of endemism as it applies to plants. The application of the concept to geographic distribution dates from the 19th century, when European explorers discovered many taxa exclusive to regions outside Europe. Two types... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797734 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797733&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21488958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geyer J, Kiefer I, Kreft S, Chavez V, Salafsky N, Jeltsch F, Ibisch PL   Conservation actions need to account for and be adapted to address changes that will occur under global climate change. The identification of stresses on biological diversity (as defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity) is key in the process of adaptive conservation management. We considered any impact of climate change on biological diversity a stress because such an effect represents a change (negative or positive) in key ecological attributes of an ecosystem or parts of it. We applied a systemic approach and a hierarchical framework in a comprehensive classification of stresses to biological diversity that are caused directly by global climate change. Through analyses of 20 conservation sit... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797733 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797737&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21486369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frankham R, Ballou JD, Eldridge MD, Lacy RC, Ralls K, Dudash MR, Fenster CB   Fragmentation of animal and plant populations typically leads to genetic erosion and increased probability of extirpation. Although these effects can usually be reversed by re-establishing gene flow between population fragments, managers sometimes fail to do so due to fears of outbreeding depression (OD). Rapid development of OD is due primarily to adaptive differentiation from selection or fixation of chromosomal variants. Fixed chromosomal variants can be detected empirically. We used an extended form of the breeders' equation to predict the probability of OD due to adaptive differentiation between recently isolated population fragments as a function of intensity of selection, genetic diversity, ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797737 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797739&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21480993%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson HB, Kendall BE, Fuller RA, Milton DA, Possingham HP   Estimating the abundance of migratory species is difficult because sources of variability differ substantially among species and populations. Recently developed state-space models address this variability issue by directly modeling both environmental and measurement error, although their efficacy in detecting declines is relatively untested for empirical data. We applied state-space modeling, generalized least squares (with autoregression error structure), and standard linear regression to data on abundance of wetland birds (shorebirds and terns) at Moreton Bay in southeast Queensland, Australia. There are internationally significant numbers of 8 species of waterbirds in the bay, and it is a major terminus of the l... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797739 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4797738&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21480994%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson HB, Kendall BE, Possingham HP   Classifying species according to their risk of extinction is a common practice and underpins much conservation activity. The reliability of such classifications rests on the accuracy of threat categorizations, but very little is known about the magnitude and types of errors that might be expected. The process of risk classification involves combining information from many sources, and understanding the quality of each source is critical to evaluating the overall status of the species. One common criterion used to classify extinction risk is a decline in abundance. Because abundance is a direct measure of conservation status, counts of individuals are generally the preferred method of evaluating whether populations are declining. Using t... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4797738 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4797738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633159&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cover: A local boy spearfishing in Wakatobi Marine National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, 2004. Octopus, grouper, fusilier, and scorpionfish commonly are fished in the area. Customary management systems that limit fishing can increase the biomass of fishes targeted by local fishers. Feary et al. (pp. 341-349) found that customary closures affect the distance at which a fish begins to flee an approaching threat. This flight distance, in turn, can influence local fishing success. However, the accuracy of conventional techniques used by scientists for censusing reef fishes do not appear to be affected by changes in flight behavior associated with fishing. PMID: 21410527 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633159 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:49 +0100 4633159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633158&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forbes P PMID: 21410528 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633158 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:42 +0100 4633158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633157&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seddon PJ, Price MS, Launay F, Maunder M, Soorae P, Molur S, Armstrong D, Jordan M, Dalrymple S, Genovesi P PMID: 21410529 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633157 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:31 +0100 4633157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633156&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira-Santos LG, Fernandez FA PMID: 21410530 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633156 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:15 +0100 4633156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633155&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goodwin SE, Shriver WG   Noise may drive changes in the composition and abundance of animals that communicate vocally. Traffic produces low-frequency noise (<3 kHz) that can mask acoustic signals broadcast within the same frequency range. We evaluated whether birds that sing within the frequency range of traffic noise are affected by acoustic masking (i.e., increased background noise levels at the same frequency of vocalizations reduce detection of vocalization) and are less abundant in areas where traffic noise is loud (44-57 dB). We estimated occupancy, the expected probability that a given site is occupied by a species, and detection probabilities of eight forest-breeding birds in areas with and without traffic noise as a function of noise and three measures of habitat... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633155 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:11 +0100 4633155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4633154&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21410532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ando AW, Hannah L PMID: 21410532 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4633154 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 20:45:07 +0100 4633154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4570940&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21385211%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams R, Hedley SL, Branch TA, Bravington MV, Zerbini AN, Findlay KP   Often abundance of rare species cannot be estimated with conventional design-based methods, so we illustrate with a population of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) a spatial model-based method to estimate abundance. We analyzed data from line-transect surveys of blue whales off the coast of Chile, where the population was hunted to low levels. Field protocols allowed deviation from planned track lines to collect identification photographs and tissue samples for genetic analyses, which resulted in an ad hoc sampling design with increased effort in areas of higher densities. Thus, we used spatial modeling methods to estimate abundance. Spatial models are increasingly being used to analyze data from sur... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4570940 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4570940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517387&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21342265%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin J, Fackler PL, Nichols JD, Runge MC, McIntyre CL, Lubow BL, McCluskie MC, Schmutz JA   Unintended effects of recreational activities in protected areas are of growing concern. We used an adaptive-management framework to develop guidelines for optimally managing hiking activities to maintain desired levels of territory occupancy and reproductive success of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Denali National Park (Alaska, U.S.A.). The management decision was to restrict human access (hikers) to particular nesting territories to reduce disturbance. The management objective was to minimize restrictions on hikers while maintaining reproductive performance of eagles above some specified level. We based our decision analysis on predictive models of site occupancy of eagles ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517387 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517386&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21342266%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnson PT, McKenzie VJ, Peterson AC, Kerby JL, Brown J, Blaustein AR, Jackson T   Ecological theory predicts that species with restricted geographic ranges will have the highest probability of extinction, but species with extensive distributions and high population densities can also exhibit widespread population losses. In the western United States populations of northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens)-historically one of the most widespread frogs in North America-have declined dramatically in abundance and geographic distribution. To assess the status of leopard frogs in Colorado and evaluate causes of decline, we coupled statewide surveys of 196 historically occupied sites with intensive sampling of 274 wetlands stratified by land use. We used an information-theoreti... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517386 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517385&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21342267%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the ways in which non-native species currently contribute to conservation objectives. These include, for example, providing habitat or food resources to rare species, serving as functional substitutes for extinct taxa, and providing desirable ecosystem functions. We speculate that non-native species might contribute to achieving conservation goals in the future because they may be more likely than native species to persist and provide ecosystem services in areas where climate and land use are changing rapidly and because they may evolve into new and endemic taxa. The management of non-native species and their potential integration into conservation plans depends on how conservation goals are set in the future. A fraction of non-native species will continue to cause biological a... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517385 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517388&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21314717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Godet L, Zelnio KA, VAN Dover CL   Hydrothermal vents are deep-sea ecosystems that are almost exclusively known and explored by scientists rather than the general public. Continuing scientific discoveries arising from study of hydrothermal vents are concommitant with the increased number of scientific cruises visiting and sampling vent ecosystems. Through a bibliometric analysis, we assessed the scientific value of hydrothermal vents relative to two of the most well-studied marine ecosystems, coral reefs and seagrass beds. Scientific literature on hydrothermal vents is abundant, of high impact, international, and interdisciplinary and is comparable in these regards with literature on coral reefs and seagrass beds. Scientists may affect hydrothermal vents because their activi... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517388 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517392&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21309850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hardwick KA, Fiedler P, Lee LC, Pavlik B, Hobbs RJ, Aronson J, Bidartondo M, Black E, Coates D, Daws MI, Dixon K, Elliott S, Ewing K, Gann G, Gibbons D, Gratzfeld J, Hamilton M, Hardman D, Harris J, Holmes PM, Jones M, Mabberley D, Mackenzie A, Magdalena C, Marrs R, Milliken W, Mills A, Lughadha EN, Ramsay M, Smith P, Taylor N, Trivedi C, Way M, Whaley O, Hopper SD   Many of the skills and resources associated with botanic gardens and arboreta, including plant taxonomy, horticulture, and seed bank management, are fundamental to ecological restoration efforts, yet few of the world's botanic gardens are involved in the science or practice of restoration. Thus, we examined the potential role of botanic gardens in these emerging fields. We believe a reorientation of certain exis... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517392 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517391&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21309851%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moon K, Cocklin C   Many ecosystems exist primarily, or solely, on privately owned (freehold) or managed (leasehold) land. In rural and semirural areas, local and regional government agencies are commonly responsible for encouraging landholders to conserve native vegetation and species on these private properties. Yet these agencies often lack the capacity to design and implement conservation programs tailored to rural and semirural landholdings and instead offer one program to all landholders. Landholders may elect not to participate because the program is irrelevant to their property or personal needs; consequently, vegetation-retention objectives may not be achieved. We differentiated landholders in Queensland, Australia, according to whether they derived income from the ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517391 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517390&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21309852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bawa KS, Rai ND, Sodhi NS PMID: 21309852 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517390 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4517389&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21309853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reed SE, Merenlender AM   In developed countries dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are permitted to accompany human visitors to many protected areas (e.g., >96% of protected lands in California, U.S.A.), and protected-area management often focuses on regulating dogs due to concerns about predation, competition, or transmission of disease and conflicts with human visitors. In 2004 and 2005, we investigated whether carnivore species richness and abundance were associated with management of domestic dogs and recreational visitation in protected areas in northern California. We surveyed for mammalian carnivores and human visitors in 21 recreation areas in which dogs were allowed offleash or onleash or were excluded, and we compared our observations in the recreation areas with ob... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4517389 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4517389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459624&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hole DG, Huntley B, Arinaitwe J, Butchart SH, Collingham YC, Fishpool LD, Pain DJ, Willis SG   Networks of sites of high importance for conservation of biological diversity are a cornerstone of current conservation strategies but are fixed in space and time. As climate change progresses, substantial shifts in species' ranges may transform the ecological community that can be supported at a given site. Thus, some species in an existing network may not be protected in the future or may be protected only if they can move to sites that in future provide suitable conditions. We developed an approach to determine appropriate climate-change adaptation strategies for individual sites within a network that was based on projections of future changes in the relative proportions of emig... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459624 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4459624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459623&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kociolek AV, Clevenger AP, St Clair CC, Proppe DS   One potential contributor to the worldwide decline of bird populations is the increasing prevalence of roads, which have several negative effects on birds and other vertebrates. We synthesized the results of studies and reviews that explore the effects of roads on birds with an emphasis on paved roads. The well-known direct effects of roads on birds include habitat loss and fragmentation, vehicle-caused mortality, pollution, and poisoning. Nevertheless, indirect effects may exert a greater influence on bird populations. These effects include noise, artificial light, barriers to movement, and edges associated with roads. Moreover, indirect and direct effects may act synergistically to cause decreases in population density an... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459623 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4459623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459622&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284730%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Skarpaas O, Stabbetorp OE   The most comprehensive data on many species come from scientific collections. Thus, we developed a method of population viability analysis (PVA) in which this type of occurrence data can be used. In contrast to classical PVA, our approach accounts for the inherent observation error in occurrence data and allows the estimation of the population parameters needed for viability analysis. We tested the sensitivity of the approach to spatial resolution of the data, length of the time series, sampling effort, and detection probability with simulated data and conducted PVAs for common, rare, and threatened species. We compared the results of these PVAs with results of standard method PVAs in which observation error is ignored. Our method provided realist... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459622 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4459622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459621&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284731%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe multiple experimental factors affecting robustness of contemporary N(e) estimates and suggest that different sampling designs can be combined to compare largely independent measures of N(e) for improved confidence in the result. Large populations with moderate gene flow pose the greatest challenges to robust estimation of contemporary N(e) and require careful consideration of sampling and analysis to minimize estimator bias. We emphasize the practical utility of estimating N(e) by highlighting its relevance to the adaptive potential of a population and describing applications in management of marine populations, where the focus is not always on critically endangered populations. Two cases discussed include the mechanisms generating N(e) estimates many orders of magnitude lower ... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459621 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4459621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459620&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21284732%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Foley J, Clifford D, Castle K, Cryan P, Ostfeld RS   White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fatal disease of bats that hibernate. The etiologic agent of WNS is the fungus Geomyces destructans, which infects the skin and wing membranes. Over 1 million bats in six species in eastern North America have died from WNS since 2006, and as a result several species of bats may become endangered or extinct. Information is lacking on the pathogenesis of G. destructans and WNS, WNS transmission and maintenance, individual and site factors that contribute to the probability of an outbreak of WNS, and spatial dynamics of WNS spread in North America. We considered how descriptive and analytical epidemiology could be used to fill these information gaps, including a four-step (modified) outbreak inv... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459620 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4459620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4392480&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21198846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Forero-Medina G, Joppa L, Pimm SL   Predicting whether the ranges of tropical species will shift to higher elevations in response to climate change requires models that incorporate data on topography and land use. We incorporated temperature gradients and land-cover data from the current ranges of species in a model of range shifts in response to climate change. We tested four possible scenarios of amphibian movement on a tropical mountain: movement upslope through and to land cover suitable for the species; movement upslope to land-cover types that will not sustain survival and reproduction; movement upslope to areas that previously were outside the species' range; and movement upslope to cooler areas within the current range. Areas in the final scenario will become isolate... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4392480 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 04:04:11 +0100 4392480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4392477&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21251069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cover: Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) hibernating in Aeolis Cave, Bennington County, Vermont (U.S.A.), March 2009. The probability of persistence of many species of hibernating bats in the eastern United States and Canada is greatly decreased by white-nose syndrome, a rapidly emerging infectious disease that is causing mass mortality. Culling of bats in hibernacula has been proposed as a mechanism to control the disease. On pages 189-194, Hallam and McCracken present a simulation model that suggests culling is unlikely to reduce spread of white-nose syndrome. PMID: 21251069 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4392477 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 04:04:01 +0100 4392477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4392475&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21251070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott JM, Rachlow JL PMID: 21251070 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Conservation Biology) Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4392475 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 04:03:35 +0100 4392475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4392472&cid=s_38086_62_f&fid=38086&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21251071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cabral JS, Bond WJ, Midgley GF, Rebelo AG, Thuiller W, Schurr FM   Wildflower harvesting is an economically important activity of which the ecological effects are poorly understood. We assessed how harvesting of flowers affects shrub persistence and abundance at multiple spatial extents. To this end, we built a process-based model to examine the mean persistence and abundance of wild shrubs whose flowers are subject to harvest (serotinous Proteaceae in the South African Cape Floristic Region). First, we conducted a general sensitivity analysis of how harvesting affects persistence and abundance at nested spatial extents. For most spatial extents and combinations of demographic parameters, persistence and abundance of flowering shrubs decreased abruptly once harvesting rate e... Conservation Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4392472 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 04:03:03 +0100 4392472