MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Critical Reviews in Microbiology' source. Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:38:05 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362763&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20218764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Louz D, Bergmans HE, Loos BP, Hoeben RC Mathematical modeling can be used for the development and implementation of infection control policy to combat outbreaks and epidemics of communicable viral diseases. Here an outline is provided of basic concepts and approaches used in mathematical modeling and parameterization of disease transmission. The use of mathematical models is illustrated, using the 2001 UK foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic, the 2003 global severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, and human influenza pandemics, as examples. This provides insights in the strengths, limitations, and weaknesses of the various models, and demonstrates their potential for supporting policy and decision making. PMID: 20218764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sour... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362763 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3362763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354973&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20210692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruiz B, Chávez A, Forero A, García-Huante Y, Romero A, Sánchez M, Rocha D, Sánchez B, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sánchez S Microbial secondary metabolites are low molecular mass products, not essential for growth of the producing cultures, but very important for human health. They include antibiotics, antitumor agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and others. They have unusual structures and are usually formed during the late growth phase of the producing microorganisms. Its synthesis can be influenced greatly by manipulating the type and concentration of the nutrients formulating the culture media. Among these nutrients, the effect of the carbon sources has been the subject of continuous studies for both, industry and research groups. Different mechanism... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354973 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3354972&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20214416%26dopt%3DAbstract We present in this review, advances on the molecular basis for the crack-entry infection process involved in the peanut-rhizobia interaction, the diversity of rhizobial and fungal antagonistic bacteria associated with peanut plants, the effect of abiotic and biotic stresses on this interaction and the response of peanut to inoculation. PMID: 20214416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3354972 Tue, 09 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3354972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194704&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ The incidence of invasive mycoses is increasing, especially among patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Such infections may be broken into two broad categories: opportunistic and endemic. The most important agents of the opportunistic mycoses are Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Aspergillus spp. (although the list of potential pathogens is ever expanding); while the most commonly encountered endemic mycoses are due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. This review discusses the epidemiologic profiles of these invasive mycoses in North America, as well as risk factors for infection, and the pathogens' antifungal susceptibilit... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194704 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 11:10:03 +0100 3194704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194703&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088683%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palonen E, Lindström M, Korkeala H Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are important foodborne pathogens that cause infections through contaminated refrigerated food. Their cold tolerance mechanisms are therefore of special interest. Adaptation to cold involves changes in protein synthesis and in cell membranes to overcome diminished transcriptional and translational efficiency and reduced fluidity of cell membranes. Studies of low temperature adaptation mechanisms have mainly been performed on mesophilic bacteria, while most modern food hygiene risks are caused by psychrotrophs. Understanding low temperature adaptation of psychrotrophs would help to control these pathogens. This review demonstrates that more studies on cold tolerance mechanisms of psy... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194703 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 11:10:03 +0100 3194703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194702&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Botes M, Eugene Cloete T Electrospun nanofibers and nanobiocides show potential in the improvement of water filtration membranes. Biofouling of membranes caused by the bacterial load in water reduces the quality of drinking water and has become a major problem. Several studies showed inhibition of these bacteria after exposure to nanofibers with functionalized surfaces. Nanobiocides such as metal nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials are successfully incorporated into nanofibers showing high antimicrobial activity and stability in water. Research on the applications of nanofibers and nanobiocides in water purification, the fabrication thereof and recently published patents are reviewed in this article. PMID: 20088684 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194702 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 11:10:03 +0100 3194702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194701&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20088685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Selvin J, Ninawe AS, Seghal Kiran G, Lipton AP Sponges are closely associated with microorganisms that occur either intracellularly and extracellularly. Sponges are soft-bodied sessile organisms appear to be defenseless in facing predation. Microbial symbionts supposed to have a functional role in the host defense against pathogens, predation and microfouling processes. Recently, the ubiquitous defense enzyme, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) detected in the sponge associated bacterium envisaged the possible functional role in the ecological succession of host sponge against predatory / fouling pressure in the habitat. In present review, we highlighted the possible functional interactions between associated microbes and host sponges and its potentials in bioprospecting approaches. ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194701 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 11:10:03 +0100 3194701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3147223&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20047457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kasana RC Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes which catalyze the total hydrolysis of proteins in to amino acids. Although proteolytic enzymes can be obtained from animals and plants but microorganisms are the preferred source for industrial applications in view of scientific and economical advantage. Among various groups of microbes, psychrotrophs are ideal candidates for enzymes production keeping in mind that enzymes active at low temperature and stable under alkaline condition, in presence of oxidants and detergents are in large demand as laundry additive. The proteases from psychrotrophs also find application in environmental bioremediation, food and molecular biology. During the previous two decades, proteases from psychrotrophs have received increased attention because of t... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3147223 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3147223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2960423&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19863382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tribst AA, Sant'Ana Ade S, de Massaguer PR In this review paper, several aspects of fruit juice microbiology, from past to future perspectives, are considered. An overview of the most relevant outbreaks involving foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms associated with fruit juices is provided. One of the sections provides data on the sources of fruit juice contamination, followed by perspectives on preservation methods. Furthermore, considerations on the role of international guidelines about exotic fruit juices in respect to public health, and of the microbiological status of fruit juices used as food/beverage ingredients are discussed. Issues and challenges highlight how the microbiology of fruit juices has evolved over the years, when aspects of stability or microbi... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2960423 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 13:50:07 +0100 2960423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944395&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19863381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leão PN, Vasconcelos MT, Vasconcelos VM Freshwater cyanobacteria produce several bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemical structure, which may achieve high concentrations in the aquatic medium when cyanobacterial blooms occur. Some of the compounds released by cyanobacteria have allelopathic properties, influencing the biological processes of other phytoplankton or aquatic plants. These kinds of interactions are more easily detectable under laboratory studies; however their ecological relevance is often debated. Recent research has discovered new allelopathic properties in some cyanobacteria species, new allelochemicals and elucidated some of the allelopathic mechanisms. Ecosystem-level approaches have shed some light on the factors that influence allelopathi... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944395 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:36:02 +0100 2944395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944394&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19863382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lima Tribst AA, de Souza Sant'ana A, de Massaguer PR In this review paper, several aspects of fruit juice microbiology, from past to future perspectives, are considered. An overview of the most relevant outbreaks involving foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms associated with fruit juices is provided. One of the sections provides data on the sources of fruit juice contamination, followed by perspectives on preservation methods. Furthermore, considerations on the role of international guidelines about exotic fruit juices in respect to public health, and of the microbiological status of fruit juices used as food/beverage ingredients are discussed. Issues and challenges highlight how the microbiology of fruit juices has evolved over the years, when aspects of stability ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944394 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:36:02 +0100 2944394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2944393&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19863383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramage G, Mowat E, Jones B, Williams C, Lopez-Ribot J Fungal biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significant rates of mortality. Candida albicans is the most notorious of all fungal biofilm formers. However, non-Candida species, yeasts such as Cryptococcus neoformans, and filamentous moulds such as Aspergillus fumigatus, have been shown to be implicated in biofilm-associated infections. Fungal biofilms have distinct developmental phases, including adhesion, colonisation, maturation and dispersal, which are governed by complex molecular events. Recalcitrance to antifungal therapy remains the greatest threat to patients with fungal biofilms. This review discusses our current understanding of the basic biology and clinical implications associated with fung... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2944393 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:36:02 +0100 2944393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895438&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19821642%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Asbeck EC, Clemons KV, Stevens DA The Candida parapsilosis family has emerged as a major opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. It causes multifaceted pathology in immuno-compromised and normal hosts, notably low birth weight neonates. Its emergence may relate to an ability to colonize the skin, proliferate in glucose-containing solutions, and adhere to plastic. When clusters appear, determination of genetic relatedness among strains and identification of a common source are important. Its virulence appears associated with a capacity to produce biofilm and production of phospholipase and aspartyl protease. Further investigations of the host-pathogen interactions are needed. This review summarizes basic science, clinical and experimental information about C. parapsilosis. ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895438 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2895438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640313&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19624252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moons P, Michiels CW, Aertsen A It is generally acknowledged that biofilms are the dominant lifestyle of bacteria, both in the natural environment as on manmade settings such as industrial and medical devices. This attached form of cell growth consists of slime matrix embedded bacteria of either a single, but mostly of multiple microbial species that form an interdependent structured community, capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Although research on multispecies biofilms is still in its infancy, this review will focus on these complex communities where cooperation and antagonism are keys to increase the fitness of the different species and where intercellular interactions and communication are means to achieve this goal. PMID: 19624252 [PubMed - in process] (S... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640313 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 01:34:02 +0100 2640313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640312&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19624253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Brien PA, Williams N, Hardy GE Species of the genus Phytophthora are arguably the most destructive plant pathogens causing widespread damage to many horticultural and ornamental species, and to native ecosystems throughout the world. Globalization has increased the volume of plants being transported over long distances and has increased the spread of Phytophthora species. As traditional detection methods such as baiting or direct isolation are incapable of handling the large volume of material to be tested, researchers have developed more rapid and specific antibody and DNA based tests. This review compares the performance of the different types of tests used for detection of Phytophthora. PMID: 19624253 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640312 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 01:34:02 +0100 2640312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2640311&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19624254%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rai M, Deshmukh P, Gade A, Ingle A, Kövics GJ, Irinyi L Phoma Sacc. is an ubiquitous fungus, which has been reported from plants, soil, human beings, animals, and air. Some species of Phoma like P. sorghina, P. herbarum, P. exigua var. exigua, P. macrostoma, P. glomerata, Phoma macdonaldii, Phoma tracheiphila, Phoma proboscis, P. multirostrata, and Phoma foveata secrete phytotoxin and anthraquinone pigments as secondary metabolites, which have great potential for the biological control of weeds, and can be exploited for the production of mycopesticides, agrophytochemicals, and dyes. Some other species produce pharmaceutically active metabolites, viz., Sirodesmins, Phomenoic acid, Phomenolactone, Phomadecalins, Phomactin A, Phomasetin, Squalestatin-1 (S1), and Squalestatin... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2640311 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 01:34:02 +0100 2640311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549335&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19548807%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A Rodents are the most abundant and diversified order of living mammals in the world. Already since the Middle Ages we know that they can contribute to human disease, as black rats were associated with distribution of plague. However, also in modern times rodents form a threat for public health. In this review article a large number of pathogens that are directly or indirectly transmitted by rodents are described. Moreover, a simplified rodent disease model is discussed. PMID: 19548807 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549335 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2549335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474522&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Havelaar AH, van Pelt W, Ang CW, Wagenaar JA, van Putten JP, Gross U, Newell DG Abstract Acquired immunity is an important factor in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the developing world, apparently limiting symptomatic infection to children of less than two years. However, also in developed countries the highest incidence is observed in children under five years and the majority of Campylobacter infections are asymptomatic, which may be related to the effects of immunity and/or the ingested doses. Not accounting for immunity in epidemiological studies may lead to biased results due to the misclassification of Campylobacter-exposed but apparently healthy persons as unexposed. In risk assessment studies, health risks may be overestimated when immunity is neglected. ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474522 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474520&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shemarova IV Abstract The review summarizes current data about mechanisms of signal transduction with participation of cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and elements of the complex cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway in unicellular eukaryotes. Conceptions of evolutionary origin of eukaryotic signal transduction systems are developed. PMID: 19514907 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474520 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474518&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ninawe AS, Selvin J Abstract As an alternative strategy to antibiotic use in aquatic disease management, probiotics have recently attracted extensive attention in aquaculture. However, the use of terrestrial bacterial species as probiotics for aquaculture has had limited success, as bacterial strain characteristics are dependent upon the environment in which they thrive. Therefore, isolating potential probiotic bacteria from the marine environment in which they grow optimally is a better approach. Bacteria that have been used successfully as probiotics belong to the genus Vibrio and Bacillus, and the species Thalassobacter utilis. Most researchers have isolated these probiotic strains from shrimp culture water, or from the intestine of different penaeid species. The use of pro... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474518 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474516&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antunes LC, Ferreira RB Bacteria have been long considered primitive organisms, with a lifestyle focused on the survival and propagation of single cells. However, in the past few decades it became obvious that bacteria can display sophisticated group behaviors. For instance, bacteria can communicate amongst themselves and with their hosts, by producing, sensing, and responding to chemical signals. By doing so, they can sense their surroundings and adapt as to increase their chances of survival and propagation. Here, we review the discovery of bacterial intercellular communication, some of the signaling molecules identified to date, the role of intercellular signaling in symbiotic and pathogenic relationships between bacteria and their hosts and its implications for the develop... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474516 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474514&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514910%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shahid M, Sobia F, Singh A, Malik A, Khan HM, Jonas D, Hawkey PM The use of successive generations of beta-lactams has selected successive generations of beta-lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, this cephalosporin resistance, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones, is now driving the use of carbapenems and unfortunately the carbapenem resistance has emerged markedly, especially in Acinetobacter spp. due to OXA- and metallo-carbapenemases. The industry responded to the challenge of rising resistance and recently developed some novel beta-lactams such as ceftobiprole, ceftaroline etc. and many beta-lactam compounds, including beta-lactamase-inhibitors, such as BMS-247243, S-3578, RWJ-54428, CS-... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474514 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474512&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514911%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soltanian S, Stuyven E, Cox E, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P Beta-glucans have been studied in animal species, from earthworms to humans. They are a heterogeneous group of glucose polymers found in fungi, plants, some bacteria, and sea weeds. The recognition of conserved microbial structures is a key aspect of metazoan immunity, and beta-glucans are emerging as major target for the recognition of fungal pathogens. However, the receptors and mechanisms by which this is achieved differ significantly between vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we will highlight the known receptors for beta-glucans and will discuss the various immune responses they can initiate, with some applications of these products, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. PMID: 19514911 [PubMed - in pro... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474512 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2474510&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19514912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parkouda C, Nielsen DS, Azokpota P, Ivette Irène Ouoba L, Amoa-Awua WK, Thorsen L, Hounhouigan JD, Jensen JS, Tano-Debrah K, Diawara B, Jakobsen M Alkaline-fermented food condiments play an important role in the diets of many people in developing and a few developed countries. The rise in pH during production of these foods is due to the ability of the dominant microorganisms, Bacillus spp., to hydrolyze proteins into amino acids and ammonia. Studies have been undertaken which have investigated a number of these products like dawadawa, ugba, bikalga, kinema, natto, and thua-nao. In this review, current knowledge about the principal microbiological activities and biochemical modifications which occur during the processing of the alkaline condiments including nutritional, a... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2474510 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 19:15:11 +0100 2474510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2015474&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19058046%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19058046 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2015474 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2015474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1958476&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19003602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yepez E PMID: 19003602 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1958476 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 05:05:18 +0100 1958476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1958475&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19003603%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents a critical review of bioremediation potential of such fungi and their lignin-degrading enzymes in comparison with the state-of-the-art in terrestrial white-rot fungi. PMID: 19003603 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1958475 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 05:05:18 +0100 1958475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1958474&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19003604%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19003604 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1958474 Sat, 15 Nov 2008 05:05:18 +0100 1958474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1923197&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18972284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He S, Yang Z, Skogerbo G, Ren F, Cui H, Zhao H, Chen R, Zhao Y microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of noncoding RNA species, believed to be regulating gene expression by binding to complementary sites in the 3'UTRs of target mRNAs. They play important regulatory roles in various metabolic pathways in most eukaryotes. The recent discovery of virus encoded miRNAs suggests that viruses may be using them to regulate host and viral gene expression. Another class of closely related small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) also has been found within the HIV-1 genome and shown to be exerting a limited impact on virus reproduction. Additionally, an additional type of viral noncoding RNAs named small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) ranging from a few tens to a few hundred nucleotides in length, has al... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1923197 Wed, 29 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1923197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1834259&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18819028%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews PsaA, its structure and role in pneumococcal virulence, immunogenicity, and potential to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization (a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis) as a component of a common pneumococcal protein vaccine. PMID: 18819028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1834259 Fri, 26 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1834259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770196&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18259977%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pessina A, Bonomi A, Baglio C, Cavicchini L, Sisto F, Neri MG, Gribaldo L Cell therapy based on the use of human stem cells is more complicated than transfusion or organ transplantation because cells may undergo many additional manipulations due to different treatments for isolation, expansion, differentiation, and other types of biological changes. These manipulations require the approval of regulatory agencies (other than ethical) and the processes must be monitored with more tests than the ones applied for minimally manipulated cells. The clinical safety and efficacy of transplanted cells depend on several factors such as homologous or non-homologous sources, extent of manipulation, and culture conditions. Moreover, the kind of information needed to address these issues may... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770196 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770195&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18259978%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khajamohiddin S, Repalle ER, Pinjari AB, Merrick M, Siddavattam D Meta fission product (MFP) hydrolases catalyze hydrolysis of a low reactive carbon-carbon bond found in meta-fission products, generated during biodegradation of various aromatic compounds. These enzymes belong to the alpha/beta hydrolase super family and show structural conservation despite having poor sequence similarity. MFP-hydrolases are substrate specific and studies have indicated that this substrate specificity plays a key role in the determination of the organism's ability to degrade a particular substrate. In this concise review of MFP-hydrolases we discuss their classification, biochemical properties, the molecular basis of their substrate specificity, their catalytic mechanism, and evolutionary signi... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770195 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770194&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18259979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: D'Ercole S, Catamo G, Piccolomini R Most of the current knowledge of the complex microbiology of oral biofilms, which initiates and maintains periodontal lesions, has been facilitated by the introduction of molecular techniques. Several studies exalt the high sensitivity and specificity of molecular tests in the detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens. Although they have large a diffusion, the old method of bacterial culture remains nowadays the gold standard when determining the utility of a new microbial test. Moreover, cultures have the important advantage of allowing an antibiotic sensitivity test and this is much more important during the treatment of patients with aggressive periodontitis. PMID: 18259979 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Critical ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770194 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770193&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18259980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Theron J, Walker JA, Cloete TE Nanotechnology, the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm), offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for treatment of surface water, groundwater, and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, organic and inorganic solutes, and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward recalcitrant contaminants and application flexibility, many nanomaterials are under active research and development. Accordingly, literature about current research on different nanomaterials (nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, and bioactive nanoparticles) and their application in water treatment, purification and disinfection is reviewed in this article. Moreover, knowledge regarding toxicological effects ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770193 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770192&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whiley DM, Lambert SB, Bialasiewicz S, Goire N, Nissen MD, Sloots TP Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have numerous advantages over traditional diagnostic techniques and so are now widely used by diagnostic laboratories for routine detection of infectious agents. However, there is some concern over the increasing numbers of reports of NAAT false-negative results caused by sequence variation. Highly conserved NAAT target sequences have been reported for many organisms, yet sequence-related problems continue to be observed in commercial and in-house assays targeting a broad range of microbial pathogens. In light of these ongoing problems, it may be time to consider the use of two genetic targets in NAAT methods to reduce the potential for sequence-related false-negative ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770192 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770191&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Kumar NA, Sridhar S, Rengasamy R Microalgae are the untapped resource with more than 25,000 species of which only 15 are in use. In recent years, microalgal culture technology is a business oriented line owing to their different practical applications. Innovative processes and products have been introduced in microalgal biotechnology to produce vitamins, proteins, cosmetics, and health foods. For most of these applications, the market is still developing and the biotechnological use of microalgae will extend into new areas. With the development of sophisticated culture and screening techniques, microalgal biotechnology can meet the challenging demands of both the food and pharmaceutical industries. Genetic improvement should also play an important role i... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770191 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770190&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18568863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dawson RM, Liu CQ Recent advances in knowledge of the properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are reviewed. AMPs are typically small, positively charged, amphipathic peptides that interact electrostatically and non-stereospecifically with the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in its permeabilization and cell death. Classes of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity towards host cells are discussed. A particular focus is AMPs with potential for use in defense against biological warfare agents. Some AMPs cytotoxic to Bacillus anthracis have been described. Synthesis of these peptides in multivalent form leads to a synergistic increase in antibacterial activity. Strategies to enhance the potency, stability, and selectivity of AMPs are discussed... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770190 Sun, 07 Sep 2008 07:48:11 +0100 1770190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770189&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18728989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eberly JO, Ely RL Hydrogenases are metalloproteins that catalyze the oxidation and reduction of molecular hydrogen and play a crucial role in many microbial metabolic processes. A subset of hydrogenases capable of functioning at temperatures from 50 to 125 degrees C is found in thermophilic microorganisms. Most known thermotolerant hydrogenases contain a [NiFe] active site and are either bidirectional or uptake type. Although no exhaustive survey has been done of the ecological diversity of thermophilic hydrogen-reducing or oxidizing bacteria, they appear to exist in virtually every thermophilic environment examined to date. Thermotolerant hydrogenases share many similarities with their mesophilic counterparts, but they have several features in addition to thermotolerance that... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770189 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1770189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770188&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18728990%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews PsaA, its structure and role in pneumococcal virulence, immunogenicity, and potential to reduce nasopharyngeal colonization (a major prerequisite for pneumococcal pathogenesis) as a component of a common pneumococcal protein vaccine. PMID: 18728990 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770188 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1770188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770187&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18728991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Franz E, van Bruggen AH There is an increased concern that plants might be more important as a carrier for human enteric pathogens like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovars than previously thought. This review summarizes the knowledge available on the ecology of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in the primary production chain of leafy green vegetables (in particular lettuce), including manure, manure-amended soil, and crop. Based on the available literature, suggestions are made for the control of these pathogens. The suggested approach of oligotrophication of agro-ecosystems fits in the wider approach to lower environmental emissions of nutrients from manure application and to enhance the suppression against plant pathogens. PMID: 18728991 [PubMed - as ... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770187 Wed, 27 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1770187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770199&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17558659%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cervenka L Arcobacter spp. has been isolated from food of animal origin (particularly meats) and from various kind of water. Despite its phylogenetically related neighbor Campylobacter, Arcobacter is regarded as an emerging foodborne pathogen. Since Arcobacter differs in its phenotypic characteristics, the physical and chemical treatments designed for elimination of campylobacters from food and environment needs to be verified. This review focuses on the occurrence, and mainly on susceptibility to various physical and chemical treatments for inactivation of Arcobacter spp. The existing studies have been critically discussed and new challenges were proposed for further studies. PMID: 17558659 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770199 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1770199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770198&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17558660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cai S, Singh BR, Sharma S Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which cause the deadly neuroparalytic disease, botulism, is the most toxic substance known to man. BoNT can be used as potential bioterrorism agents, and therefore, pose great threat to national security and public health. Rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs using molecular and biochemical techniques is an essential component in the diagnosis of botulism, and is yet to be achieved. The most sensitive and widely accepted assay method for BoNTs is mouse bioassay, which takes 4 days to complete. This clearly can not meet the need for clinical diagnosis of botulism, botulinum detection in field conditions, and screening of large scale samples. Consequently, the clinical diagnosis of botulism relies on the clinical symptom d... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770198 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1770198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1770197&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17558661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiao Z, Xu P Acetoin is an important physiological metabolite excreted by many microorganisms. The excretion of acetoin, which can be diagnosed by the Voges Proskauer test and serves as a microbial classification marker, has its vital physiological meanings to these microbes mainly including avoiding acification, participating in the regulation of NAD/NADH ratio, and storaging carbon. The well-known anabolism of acetoin involves alpha-acetolactat synthase and alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase; yet its catabolism still contains some differing views, although much attention has been focused on it and great advances have been achieved. Current findings in catabolite control protein A (CcpA) mediated carbon catabolite repression may provide a fuller understanding of the control mec... Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1770197 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1770197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=142093&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000003%2Fart00004 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=142093 Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:00:06 +0100 142093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=142092&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000003%2Fart00003 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=142092 Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:00:06 +0100 142092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=142091&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000003%2Fart00002 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=142091 Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:00:06 +0100 142091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=142090&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000003%2Fart00001 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=142090 Mon, 05 Feb 2007 11:00:06 +0100 142090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37330&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00001 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37330 Mon, 29 May 2006 11:50:03 +0100 37330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37335&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00006 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37335 Mon, 29 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 37335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37334&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00005 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37334 Mon, 29 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 37334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37333&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00004 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37333 Mon, 29 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 37333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37332&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00003 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37332 Mon, 29 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 37332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=37331&cid=s_31949_77_f&fid=31949&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Ftandf%2Fbmcb%2F2006%2F00000032%2F00000002%2Fart00002 (Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology) Critical Reviews in Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=37331 Mon, 29 May 2006 06:00:00 +0100 37331