MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Current Allergy and Asthma Reports' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:49 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659223&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2g252181008n72j%2F Abstract  Olfaction is an essential chemosensory system in the living world. Although less appreciated in humans, smell impairment significantly affects many aspects of quality of life. Smell disorders may be caused by an impaired nasal airway or by lesions in the olfactory system, leading to reduced or distorted smell perception. The most common causes of smell disorders are aging, upper respiratory tract infection, sinonasal disease, and head trauma. Recovery is rarely complete. Counseling is important in progressive or severe smell loss. In patients with distorted smell perception, antidepressant medication is sometimes necessary. Best response to treatment is achieved for nasal obstruction and sinonasal inflammatory disease. Treatment of olfactory impairment caused by s... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659223 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:10 +0100 5659223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659224&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa53q640t60763m13%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a relatively common disease in children but is often overlooked because at times the clinical symptoms are subtle and nonspecific. This makes imaging very important in the diagnosis. Among the different techniques, plain radiography has limited utility, whereas CT scan and MRI have a major role in evaluating the modifications caused by the disease. In particular, a CT scan provides higher resolution of bone and soft tissue and removes the overlapping structures that are present in conventional radiography. CT is recommended in isolated sphenoid sinusitis, is essential in diagnosing fungal sinusitis, and is the technique of choice when orbital complications are suspected. MRI allows investigation of not only the morphology of structu... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659224 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:09 +0100 5659224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646670&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2064u846k0681368%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinitis is a major medical and socioeconomic problem due to its troublesome local symptoms, negative impact on quality of life, association with reduced productivity and increased absenteeism, its widespread nature, and the rapidly rising medical costs associated with the disease. Its handling depends on improved understanding of genetic, biological, environmental, and lifestyle predisposing factors, and the development of new and effective treatment strategies, both medically and focusing on the way we are living. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory RHINITIS (JN BARANIUK AND JJ OPPENHEIMER, SECTION EDITORS)Pages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s11882-012-0242-yAuthors Sverre K. Steinsvaag, Departments of ORL, Sørlandet Hospital, Haukeland University Hospital, 460... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646670 Sat, 28 Jan 2012 16:50:36 +0100 5646670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637826&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn81548304768055r%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that, despite differing hypotheses regarding its cause, remains poorly understood. Major symptoms are nasal congestion or blockage, loss of smell, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and facial pain or pressure. Among the objectives of CRSwNP management are to eradicate nasal polyps from nasal and sinusal cavities, eliminate symptoms, and prevent recurrences. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment and are the most effective drugs for treating CRSwNP. Other potential treatments are nasal saline irrigation and antihistamines (in allergic conditions). Endoscopic sinus surgery is recommended when medical treatment fails. After surgery, medical tre... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637826 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:14:41 +0100 5637826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637827&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw87kvl543807265m%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by immune-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosal lining. Although this chronic disease is not fatal, it is associated with many debilitating symptoms. Like many other chronic diseases, AR has a wide range of clinical aspects, and comorbidities such as asthma, rhinosinusitis, dermatitis, and conjunctivitis may accompany the disease to different degrees. These comorbidities and features determine the clinical phenotypes of AR. Different phenotypes and other characteristics of AR are discussed in this review. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these variable clinical phenotypes of AR to diagnose and treat the disease properly. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory RHINITIS (JN BARANIUK AND JJ OPPENHEIMER, SECT... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637827 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:14:40 +0100 5637827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504129&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F64w217m2w1614610%2F Abstract  Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia are usually associated with a variety of inflammatory, malignant, and infectious conditions. As the presence of eosinophils in the tissues may cause significant cellular damage to vital organs such as the heart, tissue eosinophilia should be diagnosed and treated promptly. One operative way to evaluate eosinophilic disorders is to classify them into extrinsic and intrinsic. While extrinsic eosinophilic disorders are usually due to the production of eosinopoietic factors derived from T cells or tumor cells, the intrinsic types generally are the result of genetic mutations in the eosinophilic lineage. As we understand more the biology of eosinophils, only a few eosinophilic disorders remain idiopathic. The purpose of this article i... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504129 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:14:34 +0100 5504129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475929&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe135q04804034250%2F Abstract  Children with multiple drug allergies are likely to require treatment with one or more of the drugs to which they may have had a reaction, when there is no alternate effective drug available. Detailed review of their history and/or use of appropriate diagnostic studies will help determine the potential safety of readministering the desired drug as well as the method for its readministration, most likely in the form of a drug challenge or desensitization. A practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of children with multiple drug allergies is described in this review. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (P Lieberman and S Spector, Section Editors)Pages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0239-yAuthors Anahita Falakshahi Dioun, Childr... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475929 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:08:40 +0100 5475929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468224&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2816323255386k21%2F Abstract  Much has been written about hereditary angioedema (HAE) in recent literature; however, the prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor–induced angioedema (ACEiIA) far exceeds that of HAE. Similarly, multiple therapies have been developed for HAE, yet no definitive therapy is available for ACEiIA. In this article, we discuss the mechanism, prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of ACEiIA, with focus on newer therapies recently approved for HAE and how they may be effective for ACEiIA. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (P Lieberman and S Spector, Section Editors)Pages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0238-zAuthors Monali Vasekar, Department of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USAT... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468224 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:52:45 +0100 5468224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5456653&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpwqp7x26j21pu510%2F Abstract  Although diagnostic testing methods for food hypersensitivity have improved over time, both in vivo and in vitro methods are significantly flawed, especially as evidenced by the frequent occurrence of false-positive test results. Because of these limitations, oral food challenge testing remains an essential element in the diagnosis and management of food allergy. In fact, the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy. In this review, we focus on the optimal timing of oral food challenges, especially for patients with a known food allergy, to determine if the food allergy may have been outgrown. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (P Lieberman and S Spector, Section ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5456653 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 16:55:22 +0100 5456653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5449431&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F05327g5657wg0108%2F Abstract  In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the role of inflammatory mediators is relevant to the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis. CD40 ligand is increased on circulating lymphocytes, correlates with double-stranded DNA, and has an important role in predicting risk of cardiovascular disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a tightly regulated angiogenic cytokine in the kidney, and plasma levels have been associated with disease activity. It has been correlated with lupus nephritis, associated with higher mean carotid intima media thickness, and can be a novel cardiovascular risk factor in premature coronary atherosclerosis. VEGF has been demonstrated in cultured human aortic endothelial cells in the presence of simvastatin and in kidne... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5449431 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 17:42:22 +0100 5449431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5431070&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbu127p518770p054%2F Abstract  Food allergy is an increasing public health dilemma in Westernized countries, yet no viable treatments are currently available for those who are afflicted. The only options available for patients with food allergies are prevention of reactions by strict avoidance of the offending food(s) and symptomatic treatment of any adverse effects from accidental exposures. Approaches are being pursued to develop treatments, and allergen-specific therapies such as oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy, and epicutaneous immunotherapy with different foods have shown promise. Other modalities are also being investigated, potentially leading to the discovery of novel therapeutic options. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Anaphylaxis and Drug Allergy (P Lieberman and... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5431070 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:32:40 +0100 5431070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421263&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F18439131w3q28816%2F Abstract  The apparent increase in food allergy prevalence has led to a surge in the amount of clinical and basic science research dedicated to the field. At the current time, allergen avoidance remains the cornerstone of treatment; however, recent clinical trials investigating various forms of immunotherapy have opened doors to the possible future application of an active treatment strategy in everyday practice. In addition, improvements in molecular biology have allowed researchers to purify, clone, and modify allergens, thus laying the groundwork for research on vaccines using modified proteins of decreased allergenicity. Finally, various allergen-nonspecific immunomodulatory therapies are also being investigated as a means to alter the immune response to food allergens.... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421263 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:47:16 +0100 5421263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421266&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5k4418r1h354237%2F Abstract  Type I allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, depend on allergen-induced T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells and IgE-secreting plasma cells. Fortunately, this harmful immune response can be modified by engaging Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9, offering hopes to allergy sufferers. While clinical trials employing synthetic ligands for TLR7 or TLR9 are under way, one can wonder whether TLR7 or TLR9 engagements may trigger inadvertent autoreactivity and/or Th1-/Th17-mediated tissue pathology. To neutralize such danger, we have pioneered the development of potent TLR9 pathway antagonists, inhibitory oligonucleotides (INH-ODNs), which work in a sequence-specific manner. Interestingly, INH-ODNs also have TLR7-inhibitory properties; however, these effects app... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421266 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:48:11 +0100 5421266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421265&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy87q3303mt801582%2F Abstract  A range of mediators are generated during anaphylaxis, with redundancy of effects, multiple overlapping pathways, and involvement of several cell types. Key steps in the reaction occur at the site of initial contact, and mediators may not be detectable systemically. Furthermore, the potencies of various mediators vary enormously, and clinical effects may occur below our level of detection. We also do not know what converts (amplifies) a local reaction into systemic anaphylaxis. Murine models have identified several novel mediators that may propagate and/or regulate this process and also indicate that circulating neutrophils may play an important role in reaction amplification. Differential expression of various genes within specific intracellular signalling pathwa... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421265 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:48:11 +0100 5421265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421264&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F81431136256v1426%2F Abstract  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have attracted increased attention in recent years, not only for their role in sensing conserved microbial components, but also in the realm of autoimmunity. Although TLRs are most widely known for their capacity to detect conserved motifs of infectious agents, mounting evidence indicates that these innate receptors also promote autoimmune conditions by causing uncontrolled autoinflammation as a result of chronic recognition of self. In response to the need for modern approaches to treatment of autoimmune diseases, several groups have begun investigating ways to target TLRs as new therapeutic options for autoimmune conditions. Here we discuss recent data describing advances in TLRs as therapeutic targets for treatment of autoimmune disea... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421264 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:48:11 +0100 5421264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334773&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F14434228388x7146%2F Abstract  Vitamin D is widely known for its role in bone metabolism, but this sterol hormone also has important immunomodulatory properties. Vitamin D is produced by the conversion of D3 in the skin following UVB exposure, or after ingestion of D2 or D3. At the extremes of latitude, there is insufficient UVB intensity in the autumn and winter months for adequate synthesis of vitamin D to occur. Growing evidence implicates vitamin D deficiency in early life in the pathogenesis of nonskeletal disorders (e. g., type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis) and, more recently, atopic disorders. Several studies have reported higher rates of food allergy/anaphylaxis or proxy measures at higher absolute latitudes. Although causality remains to be determined, these studies suggest a poss... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334773 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:00:40 +0100 5334773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296311&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F830x7504340x0107%2F Abstract  Otitis media (OM) describes an inflammatory process within the middle ear space that is generally associated with accumulation of fluid and that may lead to hearing loss, learning difficulties, and delays in language development. The pathogenesis of OM is multifactorial, involving the adaptive and native immune system, eustachian tube dysfunction, viral and bacterial load, and genetic and environmental factors. The involvement of IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the pathogenesis of OM has been suggested by clinical observations of a high prevalence of OM among patients with allergies. Evidence from studies involving tympanometric measurements, audiometric measurements, and otoscopic examination confirms the role of atopy in the development and persistence of OM.... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296311 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:48:56 +0100 5296311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296312&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv91805p237870405%2F Abstract  Asthma is a common inflammatory condition affecting more than 7 million children in the United States alone, and tens of millions more globally. Despite effective preventive medications, medication nonadherence in children and adolescents is alarmingly high. Nonadherence can result in poor asthma control, which leads to decreased quality of life, lost productivity, increased health care utilization, and even the risk of death. Nonadherence in children and adolescents deserves special attention because they face unique barriers to adherence that change with age. Young children depend on adults for the delivery of asthma care, and their care is strongly influenced by parental motivation and attitudes and the home environment. As these children enter adolescence, the... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296312 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:57:04 +0100 5296312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284712&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F213r65520473q27w%2F Abstract  The association between otitis media with effusion (OME) and nasal polyposis (NP) is poorly described. However, two different approaches to this problem seem to come from the few studies concerning both otitis media and NP in the literature. One study was based on the assessment of a population of patients presenting with NP, with the authors interested in patients among the studied population who complained of ear-related symptoms and developed OME (rhinologic approach). Other studies were based on the assessment of a population of patients developing a particular OME, with the authors interested in characterizing this condition they named eosinophilic otitis media (otologic approach). The article reviews currents concepts in the relationship between OME and NP. ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284712 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 06:31:17 +0100 5284712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259787&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw620r15m110xx545%2F Abstract  Allergic diseases are among the most common chronic conditions in the pediatric population. Allergy diagnostic testing is an important part of the evaluation/management of allergic patients because the history may not be precise enough to identify the specific allergen sensitivity. In addition to providing information about specific sensitivities, allergy diagnostic tests have some predictive value in terms of future risk of developing an allergic condition and the severity/persistence of the allergic disease. The two most commonly used methods of confirming allergen sensitization are skin testing and measurement of serum-specific IgE. Both methods have similar diagnostic value in terms of sensitivity and specificity, with both parameters varying with the clinical... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259787 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:46:13 +0100 5259787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236455&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmx83882vx4510703%2F Abstract  Classical randomized controlled trials are the gold standard in medical evidence because of their high internal validity. However, their necessarily strict design can limit their external validity and the ability to extrapolate these data to real world patients. Therefore, alternatively designed studies may play a complementary role in evaluating the comparative effectiveness of therapies in nonidealized patients in more naturalistic, real world settings. Observational studies have high external validity and can evaluate real world outcomes. Their strength lies in hypothesis generation and testing and in identifying areas in which further clinical trials may be required. Pragmatic trials are designed to maximize applicability of trial results to usual care setting... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236455 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 05:48:42 +0100 5236455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224050&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj547q5t372677712%2F This article reviews the diagnostic challenge methods—both exercise and surrogate—for diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and EIB with known asthma. Indirect challenges that release the entire repertoire of mediators representative of EIB and asthma are more specific for diagnosis and are recommended over direct challenges such as methacholine challenge, which are sensitive but nonspecific. Self-reported history and empiric therapeutic trials are not adequate for diagnosis of EIB with or without known asthma. Objective pulmonary function documentation with bronchodilator reversibility or exercise or surrogate challenge are optimal for diagnosis of EIB or EIB with known asthma. Such objective pulmonary function documentation is optimal for the proper management... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224050 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:52:48 +0100 5224050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207297&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F705085280273m324%2F Abstract  Food allergy is a lifelong condition with no known treatment or cure. Allergy tests such as skin tests and blood tests are not always accurate when positive and are not necessarily diagnostic of a food allergy. A food allergy takes into consideration both the history of exposure and the testing. The food challenge is considered the diagnostic gold standard for food allergy. However, recent evidence suggests that not enough challenges are being performed. Several techniques exist with which clinicians can challenge patients. Providers who perform challenges should be familiar with assessing signs and symptoms of a potential reaction and must be prepared to treat anaphylaxis. The magnitude of the serum and skin tests may be of assistance in stratifying a patient’s... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207297 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:52:55 +0100 5207297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207298&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe4h7842220ju1625%2F Abstract  Otitis media is the most common pediatric disease in developed countries and a significant cause of morbidity and hearing loss in developing countries. The innate immune system is essential to protecting the middle ear from infection. Defensins, broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial peptides, have been implicated in prevention of and the early response to acute otitis media; however, the mechanisms by which defensins and other antimicrobial molecules mediate this protection have not been completely elucidated. In both animal otitis media models and human middle ear epithelial cell culture models, β-defensins are highly induced and effectively kill the common pathogens associated with otitis media. We review the importance of innate immunity in protecting the midd... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207298 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:52:54 +0100 5207298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207299&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F67k2g60502633u05%2F Abstract  Recurrent otitis media in children is considered one of the warning signs of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), particularly antibody deficiencies. Infants who have the most serious and potentially lethal form of PID, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), sometimes present with recurrent otitis media. Most of the time, because of the severity of the immune defect, they develop more serious and systemic infections. SCID is distinct among the PIDs and considered a pediatric emergency. Diagnosing SCID during the newborn period is crucial because survival completely depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Mortality declines significantly if immune reconstitution is established before 3.5 months of age, particularly before severe infections have occurred. How... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207299 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 05:52:53 +0100 5207299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207300&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmv74g748r3131t32%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0224-5Authors Christina E. Ciaccio, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAJay M. Portnoy, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207300 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 15:48:55 +0100 5207300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5207301&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg11q2x2405448671%2F Abstract  Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is of great importance in the evaluation and treatment of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is simple, noninvasive, and has been the most commonly used technique in cooperative children, obtaining reliable data in only a few minutes. The development of commercially available equipment as well as the simplification of previous techniques that now require minimal patient cooperation applied during tidal breathing have significantly stimulated the use of PFT in younger children. Tidal breathing techniques such as impulse oscillometry, gas dilution, and plethysmography have permitted previously unobtainable PFT in children 2 to 5 years of age. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians become familiar with available PFT techn... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5207301 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 16:15:44 +0100 5207301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5131392&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl0x7711461h60422%2F Abstract  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder clinically characterized by recurrent episodes of angioedema. Until late-2008, HAE therapy in the United States was largely limited to antifibrinolytic agents or attenuated androgens. Although these drugs decrease the number and severity of angioedema attacks, they are associated with significant dose-related adverse effects. Recent advances have dramatically changed the management of HAE. As a result, we are embarking on a new era of treatment for this condition that includes effective on-demand treatment of attacks as well as effective prophylactic treatment. Herein we discuss the various treatment options for C1-inhibitor deficiency, focusing on new developments and literature published over the past... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5131392 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 06:57:06 +0100 5131392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5131393&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu2143k7x60654625%2F Abstract  Human milk provides infants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents that contribute to optimal immune system function. The act of breastfeeding allows important bacterial and hormonal interactions between the mother and baby and impacts the mouth, tongue, swallow, and eustachian tubes. Previous meta-analyses have shown that lack of breastfeeding and less intensive patterns of breastfeeding are associated with increased risk of acute otitis media, one of the most common infections of childhood. A review of epidemiologic studies indicates that the introduction of infant formula in the first 6 months of life is associated with increased incidence of acute otitis media in early-childhood. More recent research raises the issues of how lo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5131393 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 06:57:05 +0100 5131393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5108719&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm2446lj97kmxrj25%2F Abstract  Primary immunodeficiencies are a heterogeneous group of genetically inherited diseases affecting the innate and adaptive immune systems that confer susceptibility to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Innate immunity includes neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells in conjunction with natural barriers (mostly skin and gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa), as well as antimicrobial agents, opsonins (e.g., complement), and cytokines. Although somewhat primitive, innate immune cells can orchestrate discrete immune responses through the recognition of diverse pathogens by different pattern-recognition receptors. In this review, we discuss the most recent discoveries as well as the already established pathophysiol... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5108719 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:31:33 +0100 5108719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5103653&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe670164140u31384%2F Abstract  Serum albumin (SA) constitutes an intriguing puzzle that is involved in allergic sensitizations from different sources and induces different clinical manifestations. In this article, we describe the role of sensitization to SAs in inducing allergic diseases and the complex interactions and cross-reactivity between SA resulting from its presence in various mammalian tissues and fluids. SAs alone are an uncommon cause of allergic sensitization in airways, but these allergenic proteins likely play a significant role as cross-reacting allergens in individuals sensitized to several types of animal dander. SAs are a minor allergen in milk but a major allergen in meats. Recently, bovine SA has been added to the culture medium of spermatozoids used for artificial insemina... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5103653 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 06:18:53 +0100 5103653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086827&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv7t90096n44451q2%2F Abstract  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease that can affect multiple organs. A hallmark of this disease, as is the case for other autoimmune diseases, is the presence of large numbers of autoantibodies. As such, SLE is considered to be a B-cell disease perpetuated by the expansion of autoreactive T and B cells. The T cells involved have long been considered to be T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, as these potent proinflammatory cells can be found in the tissues of SLE patients. Recent advances point to a role for the Th2 environment in contributing to SLE through promotion of autoantibody production. Here we describe the recent work focusing on autoreactive IgE and the activation of basophils as promoting the production of autoantibodies in S... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086827 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:04:57 +0100 5086827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086828&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl0317684txqmm772%2F Abstract  Human inherited antibody deficiency disorders are generally caused by mutations in genes involved in the pathways regulating B-cell class switch recombination; DNA damage repair; and B-cell development, differentiation, and survival. Sequencing a large set of candidate genes involved in these pathways appears to be a highly efficient way to identify novel mutations. Herein we review several high-throughput sequencing approaches as well as recent improvements in target gene enrichment technologies. Systematic improvement of enrichment and sequencing methods, along with refinement of the experimental process is necessary to develop a cost-effective high-throughput resequencing assay for a large cohort of patient samples. The Hyper-IgM/CVID chip is one example of a r... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086828 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 15:57:43 +0100 5086828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5086829&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F46781627577x6755%2F Abstract  There has been a global epidemic of asthma during the past half-century. More recently, the prevalence has leveled off or declined in many Western countries, whereas the prevalence in less affluent nations is still increasing. The reasons for this and the different geographical patterns of asthma prevalence remain unclear. This paper provides an epidemiologic perspective on whether allergen exposure and allergies can explain these trends. In particular, the paper discusses 1) geographical and temporal trends in asthma and the role of allergens and allergy, 2) the importance of nonallergic mechanisms, 3) nonallergenic exposures that may modify the risk of allergies and asthma, and 4) new and emerging risk and protective factors. Although allergy and asthma are clos... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5086829 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 15:57:41 +0100 5086829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5069481&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk420728281387127%2F Abstract  A new phenotype of asthma has been described recently, namely severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). SAFS can be conceptualized as a continuum of fungal sensitization, with asthma at one end and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at the other. It is diagnosed by the presence of severe asthma, fungal sensitization, and exclusion of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Because of the paucity of data and ambiguity in diagnostic criteria, SAFS is currently more of a diagnosis of exclusion than a specific entity. Treatment of SAFS initially should be similar to that of severe asthma, including the use of omalizumab. The potential role of itraconazole as a specific therapy in SAFS requires more evidence before it can be incorporated in routine practice... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5069481 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:47:26 +0100 5069481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5063057&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd177781206l150w5%2F Abstract  Air filtration is frequently recommended as a component of environmental control measures for patients with allergic respiratory disease. Residential air filtration can be provided by whole house filtration via the home’s heating, ventilation, or air conditioning system, by portable room air cleaners, or a combination of the two. Appliances to filter the sleep breathing zone also have been developed. High-efficiency whole house filtration, high-efficiency particulate air sleep zone air filtration, and high-efficiency particulate air room air cleaners all appear to provide various degrees of benefit. Recent studies of various types of filtration, used alone or as part of more comprehensive environmental control measures, are reviewed. Content Type Journal Art... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5063057 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:39:05 +0100 5063057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5063056&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwg8677v883680054%2F Abstract  Asthma has long been characterized as a disease of dysregulated T-helper type 2 immune responses to environmental allergens. Clinical studies suggest that asthma is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct types of inflammatory processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant interleukin (IL)-17 production is a key determinant of severe forms of asthma. However, the identity of IL-17–producing cells and the factors regulating IL-17 production during the course of allergic inflammation remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the potential IL-17–producing cells and their involvement in the inflammatory responses that mediate distinct features of asthma. The role of proinflammatory cytokines and the complement pathway in regulating the generation of IL-... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5063056 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:39:05 +0100 5063056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052102&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw6731w6j462w7641%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0209-4Authors David P. Huston, Departments of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis and Medicine, College of Medicine and Clinical Science and Translational Research Institute, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 803, Houston, TX 77030, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052102 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 15:58:33 +0100 5052102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5009268&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp7714522087u6457%2F Abstract  The autoinflammatory syndromes are a group of multisystem disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and systemic inflammation affecting the eyes, joints, skin, and serosal surfaces in the absence of an immune reaction. Recent advances have revealed the importance of interleukin-1β, not only in the pathogenesis of many of these rare inherited diseases, but also in acquired diseases. The development and availability of anti–interleukin-1β therapeutics have introduced the possibility of proof-of-concept studies, which are likely to further widen this field. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0207-6Authors Thirusha Lane, National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5009268 Mon, 04 Jul 2011 16:19:39 +0100 5009268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4998272&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc405488575781wv2%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0205-8Authors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4998272 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 17:49:28 +0100 4998272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4985264&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw48353314808g416%2F Abstract  Exposure to allergens early in life can lead to sensitization and the development of childhood asthma. It is thought that increased exposure with the advent of modern housing is likely contributing to the rise in prevalence of childhood asthma during the past few decades. The progression from allergen exposure to sensitization and asthma development has been noted with respect to dust mites, pets, cockroach, mouse, mold, tobacco smoke, endotoxin, and air pollution, although some have found a protective effect with pet and endotoxin exposure. Recent studies have shown that allergen remediation may be beneficial in reducing asthma morbidity and development, although there is also some evidence to the contrary. Examples of allergen remediation that have been studied ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4985264 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:48:41 +0100 4985264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4935830&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl71gg83q1186mu25%2F Abstract  There is a common perception among physicians and patients that allergic diseases are not relevant in older adults. There is also recognition that innate and adaptive immune functions decline with aging. It is the function of a variety of immune cells in the form of allergic inflammation that is a hallmark of allergic diseases. In fact, there is a fairly consistent observation that measures of allergic sensitization, such as skin prick testing, specific IgE, or total IgE, decline with age. Nonetheless, the association between allergic sensitization and allergic diseases, particularly asthma and allergic rhinitis, remains robust in the older adult population. Consequently, an appropriate evaluation of allergic sensitivities is warranted and indicated in older asthm... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4935830 Sat, 11 Jun 2011 06:05:12 +0100 4935830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903367&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn348523l16062t87%2F Abstract  Food allergy predominantly affects children rather than adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). Early food sensitization has been found to be significantly associated with AD. Three different patterns of clinical reactions to food allergens in AD patients have been identified: 1) immediate-type symptoms, 2) isolated eczematous late-type reactions, and 3) combined reactions. Whereas in children, allergens from cow’s milk, hen’s egg, soy, wheat, fish, peanut, or tree nuts are primarily responsible for allergic reactions, birch pollen–related food allergens seem to play a major role in adolescent and adults with AD in Central and Northern Europe. Defects in the epidermal barrier function seem to facilitate the development of sensitization to allergens following epi... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903367 Thu, 26 May 2011 05:47:17 +0100 4903367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903368&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2222717282p3324t%2F This report provides a brief overview of HAE but focuses primarily on reviewing recently published clinical studies of therapeutics developed for medical management of the condition. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0203-xAuthors Neil Parikh, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 37–131 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAMarc A. Riedl, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 37–131 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903368 Mon, 23 May 2011 17:01:47 +0100 4903368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4821396&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb4g3gu38u0745916%2F This article examines food allergy—specifically peanut allergy—from the perspective that tolerance to foods is a normal state, just as tolerance to self-proteins is a normal state. From this vantage point, loss of tolerance to foods in food-allergic individuals can be viewed as parallel to the loss of tolerance to self-proteins in those with autoimmune diseases. Although our knowledge base is far from satisfactory, there are important similarities in the immunologic abnormalities that are characteristic of both peanut allergy and several autoimmune diseases. Delineation of these similarities may open the door to new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of severe food allergies. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0201-zAuthors Michael A. Martucci... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4821396 Tue, 10 May 2011 06:04:30 +0100 4821396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4789971&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb803817k3wlm1h88%2F Abstract  Emerging evidence suggests that exposures during pregnancy and the early postnatal period can modify gene expression and disease propensity. Diet is a major environmental exposure, and dietary factors, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, folate, and other vitamins, have effects on immune function. Some also have been implicated in reduced risk of allergy in observational studies. Intervention trials with polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, and oligosaccharides suggest preliminary but as-of-yet-unconfirmed benefits. Food allergen avoidance during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy has provided no consistent evidence in allergy prevention and is no longer recommended. Rather, there is now a focus on food allergens in... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4789971 Tue, 03 May 2011 05:56:12 +0100 4789971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4771582&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65864460644818vv%2F Abstract  Mastocytosis is a disorder characterized by increased numbers of mast cells in tissues. Recent clinical observations highlight the association of mastocytosis with an increased risk of anaphylaxis and underline the diversity of this disease. At the molecular level, recent studies have attempted to unravel specific gene expression profiles for activating c-kit mutations in the etiology of mastocytosis. The diagnosis may be facilitated by surrogate markers and detection of aberrant immunophenotypic surface markers. New therapeutic strategies are in development based on intracellular signal pathways, or on application of topical treatments, as are novel forms of cytoreductive therapy, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 1... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4771582 Tue, 26 Apr 2011 20:38:22 +0100 4771582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4744977&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9v91h2665m51j220%2F Abstract  Suggestion for a potential genetic basis to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is afforded by degree of inheritability suggested from family and twin studies, existence of CRS in simple mendelian diseases, and development of sinusitis as part of the phenotype of certain gene “knockout” murine models. Genetic association studies are expected to identify novel genes associated with CRS and suggest novel mechanisms implicated in disease development. Although these studies are subject to methodologic difficulties, associations of CRS and polymorphisms in more than 30 genes have been published, with single nucleotide polymorphisms in 3 (IL1A, TNFA, AOAH) replicated. While the individual risk conferred by these single nucleotide polymorphisms remains modest, taken as a gro... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4744977 Sat, 16 Apr 2011 15:57:03 +0100 4744977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725119&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr78087w2346pm19m%2F Abstract  Shellfish allergy is a frequent, long-lasting, life-threatening disorder. As shellfish consumption increases, the number of allergic reactions to shellfish is expected to continue to rise as well. During the past decade, much has been learned about the allergens involved in shellfish allergy. Potential cross-reacting allergens between shellfish and other arthropods have been identified. As our knowledge of shellfish allergen improves, we will be able to develop more accurate methods of diagnosing shellfish allergy. In addition, extensive research is currently under way for the development of safer, more effective methods of managing shellfish hypersensitivity. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0198-3Authors Rosalía Ayuso, Departmen... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725119 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 16:59:01 +0100 4725119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725118&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28586126300g5627%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0193-8Authors Constance H. Katelaris, Immunology & Allergy, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725118 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 16:59:01 +0100 4725118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4725120&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm7471044m8087241%2F Abstract  Genetically modified (GM) plants are increasingly used for food production and industrial applications. As the global population has surpassed 7 billion and per capita consumption rises, food production is challenged by loss of arable land, changing weather patterns, and evolving plant pests and disease. Previous gains in quantity and quality relied on natural or artificial breeding, random mutagenesis, increased pesticide and fertilizer use, and improved farming techniques, all without a formal safety evaluation. However, the direct introduction of novel genes raised questions regarding safety that are being addressed by an evaluation process that considers potential increases in the allergenicity, toxicity, and nutrient availability of foods derived from the GM ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4725120 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:28 +0100 4725120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709583&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu63772x878j5m5n3%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0197-4Authors Dan Atkins, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, J301, Denver, 80206 CO, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709583 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:53:29 +0100 4709583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709584&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F36l03684k40k7387%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0196-5Authors Dan Atkins, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, J301, Denver, CO 80206, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709584 Mon, 11 Apr 2011 15:53:28 +0100 4709584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4697748&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh35q3020p1372628%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0192-9Authors Marek L. Kowalski, Department of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lódz, 251 Pomorska Street, 92–213 Lódz, Poland Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4697748 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 17:09:42 +0100 4697748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4685417&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa06r61g656335785%2F This article reviews the theoretical problems and practical results associated with allergen-specific immunotherapy in atopic eczema. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0194-7Authors Ulf Darsow, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, GermanyIngeborg Forer, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, GermanyJohannes Ring, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, 80802 München, Germany Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4685417 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:55:08 +0100 4685417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4671148&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa701h77142338251%2F Abstract  Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a classic failure of the immune system with a life-threatening attack upon a critical self-component. The active phase of the disease is short, concordant with the latency of a primary adaptive immune response. Triggers for GBS include infection and (rarely) vaccination; cross-reactivity between infectious and neural epitopes has been well demonstrated, particularly for Campylobacter jejuni and motor axonal forms of GBS in which non-protein gangliosides are antigenic. Most people are probably exposed to a GBS trigger, but only rarely does the disease develop. We propose that GBS illustrates competing determinants of the immune system’s decision about whether to mount a response, and that in unlucky affected individuals, co-presen... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4671148 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 23:54:35 +0100 4671148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4671149&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr5521594l7441101%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0191-xAuthors Rafael Firszt, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USAA. Wesley Burks, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4671149 Wed, 30 Mar 2011 23:54:33 +0100 4671149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4643608&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu3q268k213173m0k%2F This article reviews causes and management of red eye in children with an emphasis on allergic etiology, pathophysiology, and recent advances in therapy. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0186-7Authors Divya Seth, Division of Asthma Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USAFarah I. Khan, Division of Asthma Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4643608 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:47:32 +0100 4643608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4643609&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk146646683788241%2F Abstract  Use of topical antihistamines in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis has evolved over the past several decades as our knowledge of the nature of the underlying disease has progressed. Formulations for the eye typically employ H1-receptor antagonists with a dual action, both directly as competitors for histamine receptor occupancy and as mast cell–stabilizing agents. Many of these compounds also display activity against late-phase allergic symptoms. Of the newest available drugs, several have a prolonged duration of action allowing once-daily dosing. Future development is likely to focus on long-acting agents such as these and on drugs that can target additional histamine receptor subtypes. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0188-... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4643609 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:47:31 +0100 4643609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4643610&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp83r15246854m652%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0187-6Authors Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina, 17 Logan Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4643610 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:56:01 +0100 4643610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4611333&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7478746501x2788k%2F This article briefly summarizes the work of the GRADE working group based on examples of its application in the field of allergy and asthma, and provides an outlook for advances in the field of guideline development. These developments focus on funding of guidelines and handling conflict of interest, working with observational and diagnostic test accuracy studies, developing appropriate group processes, and the integration of values and preferences in the formulation of recommendations. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0185-8Authors Holger J. Schünemann, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Room 2C10B, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada Journal Current Allergy and As... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4611333 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 11:51:13 +0100 4611333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4541062&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm8p6247661301617%2F Abstract  Patients with severe asthma have a significant unmet need with persistent symptoms and/or frequent exacerbations despite treatment with high-dose steroid and other currently available therapies. These patients are also at risk of developing steroid-related side effects, and their severe, unrelenting symptoms have a huge impact on health care resources due to frequent hospital admissions and requirement for intensive medication use. Consequently, a compelling need exists for more effective and safer pharmacotherapies to help them achieve adequate disease control. Recent novel therapies for severe asthma are now emerging, some of the most promising of which are monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies represent a form of immunotherapy used in a wide variety of t... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4541062 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:45:53 +0100 4541062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4460629&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvk2532818355pt7u%2F This article presents new findings in the tear dynamics of the human eye, with an emphasis on the tear meniscus and tear film through the day and in response to punctual occlusion and wearing of contact lenses. Recent advances in imaging technique are briefly discussed. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0183-xAuthors Jianhua Wang, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building, Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136, USAMeixiao Shen, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building, Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136, USALele Cui, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4460629 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 22:04:27 +0100 4460629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4460630&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl256356848168380%2F Abstract  Current research has only reinforced the belief that chronic rhinosinusitis is a multifactorial and idiosyncratic disease process. Most basic science research on the topic focuses on delineating the many proposed contributing factors and attempting to establish therapeutic targets. In patients whose symptoms do not respond to medical therapy, endoscopic sinus surgery may be offered. Several surgical techniques have been proposed, and it would appear that certain techniques are ideal for certain situations. Recent clinical research has focused on the introduction of new technology and new techniques. Additionally, investigators have looked for ways to optimize current techniques and to determine which patient populations may expect to benefit from which types of in... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4460630 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 22:04:25 +0100 4460630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4460631&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc33nr88x0h6833n3%2F Abstract  The prevalence of diseases such as allergic asthma and rhinitis continues to increase in the United States, affecting millions of people. It is well-established that allergy contributes to the pathogenesis of most asthma, especially in children and young adults. Despite current therapy (eg, inhaled corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes, and bronchodilators), patients with moderate to severe asthma remain symptomatic and experience frequent exacerbations of disease requiring oral corticosteroids, emergency department treatments, and hospitalizations. Allergic diseases are traditionally referred to as immediate or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, with IgE as a critical factor. IgE is involved in allergic inflammation, especially in early-phase response, but it may als... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4460631 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 22:04:24 +0100 4460631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4460632&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F451446k475001133%2F This article reviews recent literature regarding local IgE and sinonasal inflammatory conditions. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11882-011-0181-zAuthors Elizabeth K. Hoddeson, Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, 1365A Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USASarah K. Wise, Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, 1365A Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4460632 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 22:04:22 +0100 4460632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4433380&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr56572vr3224w775%2F Abstract  Rhinosinusitis (RS) is a heterogeneous group of diseases. It is a significant and increasing health problem that affects about 15% of the population in Western countries. It has a substantial impact on patients’ health-related quality of life and daily functioning and represents a huge financial burden to society and the health care system as a result of the direct and indirect costs. In addition, RS is not well-understood, and little is known about the etiology and pathophysiology. In the past decade, many papers have been published that have changed our understanding of RS. RS is commonly classified into acute and chronic RS based on symptom duration. In acute RS, an inflammatory reaction initiated by a viral infection characterizes most uncomplicated, mild to... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4433380 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:41:06 +0100 4433380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415195&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa2q1445326185316%2F Abstract  Presentation of processed allergen by antigen-presenting cells to T-helper (Th) lymphocytes, which is influenced costimulatory signals, cytokines, chemokines, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), determines the development of different types of T-cell immunity. The discovery of Tregs revolutionized the primary concepts of immune regulation interpreted within the framework of a binary Th1/Th2 paradigm. Tregs play a central role in the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis, the establishment of controlled immune responses, and the inhibition of allergen-specific effector cells. Recently, some other T-cell subsets appeared, including Th17 and Th9 cells, which control local tissue inflammation through upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This review ai... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415195 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:08:48 +0100 4415195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4415196&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22877852hg048h38%2F Abstract  Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a well-established treatment option for allergic rhinitis in several European countries, but it is considered investigational in the United States. Studies conducted in Europe provided a large body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of SLIT, but those studies used allergen products that are different from those that are likely to be approved in the United States, and many of them were not controlled, randomized, double-blinded trials. This review summarize research conducted on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of SLIT published during the past year, with a focus on ragweed and grass antigens. Results of recent US studies document the safety and efficacy of SLIT and have started to yield insight into the mechanisms... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4415196 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 01:08:47 +0100 4415196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378315&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft244t0355108q492%2F Abstract  Omalizumab is a humanized, monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that binds specifically to circulating IgE molecules, thus interrupting the allergic cascade. Omalizumab has been shown to be highly effective in treating children and adults with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Beyond this indication, the mode of action itself suggests that omalizumab is not only an antiasthmatic drug but also a promising therapeutic option for various allergic conditions, including allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, insect hypersensitivity, and atopic dermatitis. However, data from double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are only available for allergic rhinitis and moderate to severe bronchial asthma. The aim of this review is t... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378315 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:40:52 +0100 4378315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378314&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F33667j75710pvp15%2F Abstract  Airway diseases such as allergic asthma and rhinitis are characterized by a T-helper type 2 (Th2) response. Treatment of allergic airway diseases is currently limited to drugs that relieve disease symptoms and inflammation. In the search for new therapeutics, efforts have been made to treat allergic airway disease with gene therapy, and many preclinical studies have demonstrated its impressive potential. Most strategies focus on blocking the expression of proinflammatory proteins or transcription factors involved in the disease pathogenesis using antisense oligonucleotides, DNAzymes, small interfering RNA, or blocking of microRNAs using antagomirs. Changing the Th1/Th2 balance by overexpressing Th1-stimulating factors is another treatment option. Although the proo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378314 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:40:52 +0100 4378314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4362065&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff103331112688742%2F Abstract  Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a domain of quality-of-life assessment that is influenced by the individual’s perception of his or her health status. Measurement of HRQoL can enable physicians to understand how an illness interferes with a patient’s day-to-day life, improve patient–physician communication, and optimize clinical outcomes. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases, affecting 14–16% of the adult US population. In addition to significant health care costs, CRS has been shown to substantially reduce HRQoL. In this review article, we discuss the definition and interpretation of HRQoL data and describe several validated rhinosinusitis HRQoL instruments. Additionally, we review how CRS functions to lower HRQ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4362065 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 00:57:29 +0100 4362065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343877&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy02wj7344120264p%2F Abstract  The discovery of IgE and the role of IgE-mediated inflammation gave clinical allergy a scientific backbone, and as a result, the reputation of the specialty allergy has increased considerably over the years. Allergy diagnosis was improved by assays for in vitro determination of the presence and concentration of IgE antibodies, and clinical knowledge also broadened, allowing better service for the increasing number of allergic individuals. Access to immune assays for allergens finally allowed characterization and standardization of allergen preparations used for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Improved basic molecular technologies have further increased our knowledge about the complex component composition of an allergen extract, introduced IgE-speci... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343877 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 20:06:57 +0100 4343877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272235&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3141h37r2165t172%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinitis and asthma are common chronic inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucus membranes and the upper airways with a high prevalence in Western countries. In addition to maladaptive T-helper type 2 (Th2) immunity, Th17 cells can drive the inflammatory responses in both diseases. Several reports have shown that the complement system is activated locally and systemically in allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma patients. Importantly, recent findings in experimental models of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma suggest that the complement cleavage products complement 3a and complement 5a and the activation of their corresponding receptors in antigen-presenting cells regulate the development of maladaptive Th2 and Th17 immunity. These findings in exper... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272235 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 17:42:04 +0100 4272235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4272236&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1rh8wvn62345464%2F This article discusses the historical response to LRs and dose adjustments and reviews the most recent literature addressing LRs to SCIT. Treatment options, although they are either unproven or not studied, are offered as an alternative to routine dose adjustments for LRs. Education remains the foundation of physician–patient communication concerning LRs. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0172-5Authors Michael S. Tankersley, Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall Medical Center, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4272236 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 17:42:03 +0100 4272236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4230600&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa0k6765661726k2m%2F Abstract  Recently, several studies have revealed a subset of patients who have positive nasal provocation to allergens despite having a negative skin prick test. It has been hypothesized that these patients have localized allergic rhinitis. However, the prevalence varies greatly, ranging from 0% to 100% of skin test–negative individuals. This wide range in prevalence is likely related to differences in methodology, including differences in allergen manufacturers, concentrations, and numbers of allergens tested and, perhaps most importantly, criteria for a positive nasal challenge. Despite the evidence to date, many challenges exist with regard to the concept of localized nasal allergy. Further studies will be required to further define the immunopathology, prevalence, pr... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4230600 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 20:20:26 +0100 4230600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4208255&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1u2h282848n3140n%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0165-4Authors John J. Oppenheimer, Pulmonary and Allergy Associates, New Jersey Medical School, 8 Saddle Road, Cedar Knolls, NJ 07927, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4208255 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 18:09:04 +0100 4208255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203555&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm37731t761052003%2F Abstract  The burden of asthma disproportionately affects children living in economically disadvantaged urban communities. The relationships between ethnicity, genetic differences, lower socioeconomic status, poor medication adherence, greater exposure to environmental triggers, and absence of regular asthma care all contribute to this disparity. This review aims to identify and discuss recent studies on additional factors that may also impact to pediatric asthma disparity. The body of work examined in this review suggests that these disparities are the result of gene–environment interactions, vitamin D metabolism, socioeconomic status, urban environment, healthcare setting, and associated health beliefs. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0159-2Author... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203555 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 18:17:02 +0100 4203555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4203556&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3t12162577x7315%2F Abstract  Histamine and the histamine receptors are important regulators of a plethora of biological processes, including immediate hypersensitivity reactions and acid secretion in the stomach. In these roles, antihistamines have found widespread therapeutic applications, while the last receptor to be discovered, the H4 histamine receptor, has become a major target of novel therapeutics. Recent studies involving human genetic variance and the development of mice lacking specific receptors or the ability to generate histamine have shown roles for the histamine pathway that extend well beyond the established roles. These include identification of previously unappreciated mechanisms through which histamine regulates inflammation in allergy, as well as roles in autoimmunity, in... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4203556 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 07:01:58 +0100 4203556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4197587&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm73123p3148237h2%2F Abstract  Epidemiologic studies highlight the increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency and its association with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases and poor respiratory function, including asthma. These and additional studies have raised interest in the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D beyond its well-established role in calcium homeostasis and bone health. Vitamin D has been shown to influence the function of cells intrinsic to innate and adaptive immunity. This review discusses recent evidence that vitamin D promotes—both directly and indirectly—regulatory or suppressor T-cell populations with the capacity to inhibit inappropriate immune responses that cause disease, suggesting that this property may in part underpin the epidemiolog... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4197587 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 13:22:43 +0100 4197587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4197589&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl1772g8645q376v3%2F Abstract  Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare hereditary inflammatory disorder encompassing a continuum of three phenotypes: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. Distinguishing features include cutaneous, neurological, ophthalmologic, and rheumatologic manifestations. CAPS results from a gain-of-function mutation of the NLRP3 gene coding for cryopyrin, which forms intracellular protein complexes known as inflammasomes. Defects of the inflammasomes lead to overproduction of interleukin-1, resulting in inflammatory symptoms seen in CAPS. Diagnosis is often delayed and requires a thorough review of clinical symptoms. Remarkable advances in our understanding of the genetics and th... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4197589 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 13:22:41 +0100 4197589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4197588&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv77323341k5183v2%2F Abstract  The pathology of atopic dermatitis is orchestrated on the cellular level by several different cell types in the characteristic skin lesions. In such lesions, histamine as a mediator of many biological functions is also present in high concentrations. Most of the cells involved in the inflammatory responses express the histamine H1 and H2 receptors, but drugs targeting these receptors are not clinically effective. The discovery of the fourth histamine receptor, which is differentially expressed on immune and nonimmune cells, has shed new light on the actions of histamine in the complexity of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we describe a possible genetic impact on the expression level of the histamine H4 receptor and summarize the current data regarding the activ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4197588 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 13:22:41 +0100 4197588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4140855&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr1632695161135hw%2F Abstract  Childhood asthma is a widespread health problem because of its epidemic prevalence, as asthma affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Results from cross-sectional and cohort studies show that asthma starts in childhood in a large proportion of cases. A proper diagnosis is easier to make in adults and school-age children, as permanent changes in lung development, the strong impact of environmental factors on the airways, the immunologic maturity process, and the use of some diagnostic tools make asthma more difficult to diagnose in preschool children. This period of a child’s life is an interesting challenge for pediatricians and specialists. The aim of the present review is to analyze the current knowledge regarding making an early and accurate asthma di... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4140855 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 17:51:37 +0100 4140855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4140856&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg0h69013724l1016%2F Abstract  Otitis media (OM) is the most prevalent childhood disease in developed countries. Involvement of innate immunity mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in OM has been implicated primarily in cell lines and by association studies of innate immune gene polymorphisms with OM prevalence. However, the precise role of innate immunity in OM is incompletely understood. We review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how innate immunity in the middle ear is mediated by the interaction of pathogen molecules with receptors such as the TLRs, leading to the activation of adaptor molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines. TLR genes and signaling molecules are upregulated in OM in a murine model. Deletion of several key innate immune genes results in... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4140856 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 17:18:51 +0100 4140856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4135071&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01v11h1136474012%2F Abstract  Anaphylaxis incidence rates and time trends in the United States have been reported using different data sources and selection methods. Larger studies using diagnostic coding have inherent limitations in sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, smaller studies using chart reviews, including reports from single institutions, have better case characterization but suffer from reduced external validity due to their restricted nature. Increasing anaphylaxis hospitalization rates since the 1990s have been reported abroad. However, we report no significant overall increase in the United States. There have been several reports of increasing anaphylaxis rates in northern populations in the United States, especially in younger people, lending support to the suggestion that... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4135071 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 15:21:56 +0100 4135071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4109236&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn2385jrrm6151511%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0157-4Authors Linda Cox, Nova Southeastern University, 5333 North Dixie Highway, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334, USAEnrico Compalati, Nova Southeastern University, 5333 North Dixie Highway, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334, USAWalter Canonica, Nova Southeastern University, 5333 North Dixie Highway, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4109236 Mon, 25 Oct 2010 17:00:50 +0100 4109236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4089002&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm2l7115k66977u1n%2F This study reports on the refill history of 14,677 patients in a large HMO who received an initial dispensing of EpiPen (Dey Pharma, Basking Ridge, NJ) or EpiPen Jr between 2000 and 2006. A total of 6,776 (46%) refilled at least once. Twenty-five percent of the patients who were in the cohort for 5 years or more refilled multiple times, and 11% refilled consistently at all expected refill times. Infants through children 12 years of age were more likely to receive a refill dispensing (63%) compared with teenagers and adults (40%). The most common ICD-9 codes that were linked to the initial epinephrine dispensing were allergic disorder (37%), miscellaneous anaphylaxis/angioedema (23%), hymenoptera/insect bite or sting (14%), and specific or nonspecific food allergy (11%). A t... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4089002 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 19:18:55 +0100 4089002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4067731&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy141340549gj3306%2F Abstract  Clopidogrel is a widely used antiplatelet agent, particularly after coronary stent implantation. About 1% of patients have allergic or hematologic adverse reactions to clopidogrel. This has important therapeutic implications, as premature discontinuation of clopidogrel is the strongest risk factor for stent thrombosis. Clopidogrel allergy most commonly manifests as a rash. It is important to distinguish this from other causes of rash occurring in patients who have had a recent coronary stent. Although antihistamines and short-term oral corticosteroids are effective in treating most clopidogrel hypersensitivity reactions, some persistent reactions may require discontinuation of clopidogrel. When discontinuation of clopidogrel is required, substitution with an alter... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4067731 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 16:52:54 +0100 4067731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4046273&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv02u2n7471837657%2F Abstract  In complex disorders such as asthma and allergic disease, the goal for developing disease-modifying biotherapeutics is to find a target that is a central instigator of immunologic activity. Interleukin (IL)-33 seems to be such a molecule, as it is one of the earliest-released signaling molecules following epithelial damage and can orchestrate the recruitment and activation of the cells responsible for disease. Unregulated IL-33 activity leads to activation of T-helper type 2 cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and basophils, ultimately leading to increased expression of cytokines and chemokines that define the disease. As such, IL-33 is an attractive candidate for therapeutic intervention with the goal of ameliorating disease. This review focuses on t... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4046273 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 16:54:46 +0100 4046273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037339&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa2n24307l2137261%2F This article also describes current diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, including changes in lifestyle and preventive properties of antiallergic drugs as well as acute treatment of these dangerous syndromes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0150-yAuthors Wojciech Barg, Department of Physiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, PolandWojciech Medrala, Department of Internal Diseases, Geriatrics, and Allergology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 57 Traugutta Street, 50-417 Wroclaw, PolandAnna Wolanczyk-Medrala, Department of Internal Diseases, Geriatrics, and Allergology, Medical University of Wroclaw, 57 Traugutta Street, 50-417 Wroclaw, Poland Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current All... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037339 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 12:31:37 +0100 4037339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037338&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj5n5p33475177g8u%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0151-xAuthors Marianne Frieri, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy Immunology, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037338 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 12:31:37 +0100 4037338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037340&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2356m12568537874%2F Abstract  Food allergy is becoming an increasingly common diagnosis. Because of this increase in prevalence, it is imperative that physicians evaluating patients with possible adverse reactions to foods understand the currently available assays and how they should best be used to accurately diagnose the disease. Simple tests such as skin prick testing (SPT) and serum food-specific IgE testing are the most commonly used diagnostic tests to evaluate for IgE-mediated food reactions. However, these tests, which measure sensitization and not clinical allergy, are not without pitfalls, and their utility must be appreciated to avoid over- and underdiagnosis. Although the physician-supervised oral food challenge remains the gold standard for food allergy diagnosis, a careful medica... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037340 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 12:31:36 +0100 4037340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3947496&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7722046n5423523h%2F Abstract  Allergy and asthma are chronic inflammatory diseases that result from complex gene–environment interactions. Recent evidence points to the importance of prenatal and postnatal developmental processes in the maturation of balanced immune responses. Novel data indicate that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development of T-helper–cell function. Environmental factors, including diesel exhaust particles, vitamins, and tobacco smoke, operate through such mechanisms. Furthermore, the role of environmental microbes provides another—and maybe an even more important—group of exogenous exposures that operate in this critical time frame. A better understanding of fetal immuno-maturation conditions will provide the basis for the development of novel allergo-pro... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3947496 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 17:26:02 +0100 3947496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929543&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh37p092705851w04%2F Abstract  For 20 years, the hygiene hypothesis has dominated attempts to explain the increasing prevalence of allergic disease. A causal link between maternal innate immune response during pregnancy and disease protection in the offspring was recently demonstrated. Central to this was a systemically diffused signal that downregulated Toll-like receptor expression in placental tissues. Herein we develop the hypothesis that maternal systemic regulatory mechanisms operational during pregnancy could impact allergic disease risk of the offspring, depending on the type of inflammatory response from which they originate. Classic microbial-derived, mild, subacute inflammation provides a protective signal, whereas allergic inflammation provides a negative one. Mild, subacute in... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929543 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 08:25:46 +0100 3929543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3929544&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh1x9n73152022626%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0145-8Authors David P. Skoner, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3929544 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 08:25:45 +0100 3929544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912300&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4767put13p4482g0%2F Abstract  Otitis media represents one of the most common infections in childhood. Within the first 3 years of life, up to 80% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media. It is often resolved with supportive therapies and consequently not considered a worrisome problem. However, it may be an early manifestation of a severe underlying disease. Primary immunodeficiencies are rare congenital defects of the immune system that often remain unrecognized, or diagnosis can be delayed, sometimes resulting in fatal consequences for the child. Patients suffer from recurrent, prolonged, and/or unusual infections leading to local sequelae, failure to thrive, developmental delays, and systemic infections with severe courses. This review provides a brief insight into ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912300 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 07:47:54 +0100 3912300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3904339&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ful644637p560nl71%2F Abstract  Routine childhood vaccination has affected frequency and bacteriology of acute otitis media (AOM) and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). Routine influenza vaccination moderately reduces AOM, and the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine likely had a minor role in AOM and ABRS. The conjugated pneumococcal vaccine has drastically reduced invasive pneumococcal disease and caused a moderate decrease in AOM and, likely, ABRS. The vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been all but eliminated, but other serotypes have emerged as potential causes of invasive disease. Antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal disease seems to have decreased. A decrease in the overall prevalence of S. pneumoniae may have resulted in an increased incidence of Staphylococcus aureus ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3904339 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 17:11:12 +0100 3904339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3896780&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F617xx3481wu5v228%2F This article presents an orderly approach to hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome; tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 periodic syndrome; familial Mediterranean fever; periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome; and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes by highlighting the disease presentation, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Recent advances are also discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0141-zAuthors Zachary Jacobs, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAChristina E. Ciaccio, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Journal Current All... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3896780 Mon, 23 Aug 2010 18:00:51 +0100 3896780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3889692&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa03h757698n3g206%2F Abstract  The immunologic interactions in the gastrointestinal tract are extensive and complex. In most cases, the end result of this activity is one of tolerance, which refers to the inhibition of an immune response. However, in a minority of cases, food allergy develops, and this seems to be increasing in prevalence. We continue to learn about the mechanisms involved in these processes and the factors that may promote tolerance as opposed to allergy. At this point, management of food allergy consists of allergen avoidance and readiness to manage an accidental exposure reaction, but using current knowledge of gastrointestinal immunity, researchers are investigating immunomodulatory approaches that will provide “active” therapy for food allergy and induce tolerance. Ora... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3889692 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 17:06:29 +0100 3889692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3886400&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx4h0863207826054%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0144-9Authors Christina E. Ciaccio, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAJay M. Portnoy, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3886400 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 16:49:07 +0100 3886400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3886401&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm1l2434150g18004%2F Abstract   Pay-for-performance is a term referring to a system that uses incentives to reward health care providers for producing an improvement in performance based on quality measures. It has become part of a growing movement to improve the quality of the health care system. The purpose of this article is to review and discuss pay-for-performance and how it relates to pediatrics and asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0140-0Authors Rodney Johnson, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USAChitra Dinakar, Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri-Kansas City... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3886401 Thu, 19 Aug 2010 16:49:02 +0100 3886401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3882338&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01l1165839345x70%2F Abstract  Adenoidectomy is among the most frequent surgical procedures performed on children. The rationale for adenoidectomy is to remove a chronically infected or enlarged and obstructing adenoid. Adenoidectomies are performed on children who have recurrent or chronic otitis media with effusion, on children with chronic rhinosinusitis, and on children with nasopharyngeal obstruction causing sleep disturbances and continuous mouth breathing. Various underlying factors that lead to adenoidectomy are also associated with asthma. Asthma is associated with recurrent respiratory tract infections predisposing individuals to recurrent or chronic otitis media and chronic rhinosinusitis. Children with asthma also have an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing that is treated ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3882338 Wed, 18 Aug 2010 17:44:29 +0100 3882338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3817887&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6r87x8761470v4km%2F Abstract  Primary immunodeficiencies are an expanding group of genetic disorders resulting in recurrent and/or severe infections, autoimmunity, or autoinflammation. The laboratory plays a critical role in the diagnosis of these conditions given their frequently overlapping signs and symptoms. We discuss here advances in flow cytometry and molecular techniques applied to the study of primary immunodeficiencies. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0137-8Authors Joao B. Oliveira, National Institutes of Health Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center NIH Building 10, Room 2C306, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1508 Bethesda MD 20892 USAThomas A. Fleisher, National Institutes of Health Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center NIH Building 10, Room 2C30... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3817887 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 17:12:56 +0100 3817887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3773444&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq57903355h8j5402%2F Abstract  Component resolved diagnostics introduces new possibilities regarding diagnosis of allergic diseases and individualized, allergen-specific treatment. Furthermore, refinement of IgE-based testing may help elucidate the correlation or lack of correlation between allergenic sensitization and allergic disease. Novel tools to predict severe outcomes and to plan for allergen-specific treatment are necessary, and because only a small amount of blood is needed to test for a multitude of allergens and allergenic components, component resolved diagnostics is promising. A drawback is the risk of overdiagnosis and misinterpretation of the complex results of such tests. Also, the practical use and selection of allergenic components need to be evaluated in large studies includi... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3773444 Wed, 14 Jul 2010 23:29:02 +0100 3773444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3747551&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F36277p24pq88l031%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0135-xAuthors Julie Y. Patel, Texas A&M Health Science Center Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Clinical Science and Translational Research Institute 6550 Fannin Street, Suite 1115 Houston TX 77030 USASapandeep K. Singh, Texas A&M Health Science Center Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Clinical Science and Translational Research Institute 6550 Fannin Street, Suite 1115 Houston TX 77030 USADavid P. Huston, Texas A&M Health Science Center Departments of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis and Medicine, College of Medicine and Clinical Science and Translational Research Institute 2121 West Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 803 Houston TX 77030 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3747551 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 12:18:22 +0100 3747551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3747552&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh0352334w6414467%2F Abstract  Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of the lung characterized by the accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoproteins within pulmonary alveolar macrophages and alveoli, resulting in respiratory insufficiency and increased infections. The disease is caused by a disruption in surfactant catabolism by alveolar macrophages due to loss of functional granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms causing deficiencies in GM-CSF signaling are as follows: 1) high levels of neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies observed in autoimmune PAP; 2) mutations in CSF2RA, the gene encoding the α chain of the GM-CSF receptor, observed in hereditary PAP; and 3) reduced numbers and function of alveolar macrophages ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3747552 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 12:18:20 +0100 3747552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3741553&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F258mj375ggl31317%2F Abstract  Asthma is a common disease, and the number of people diagnosed with it increases every year. Although genetic background and environmental exposures play major roles in the development of asthma, one cannot overlook the developmental origin of adult disease or fetal programming theory. This review examines the social, genetic, and environmental factors that are associated with fetal programming of asthma. We also present recent studies from our laboratory that strengthen these observations. It is our hope that the reader will come away with a current view of fetal programming in asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0136-9Authors Nathan Drever, The University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Mat... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3741553 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 16:22:14 +0100 3741553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3727472&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1x6g66211j659061%2F Abstract  IgE-mediated allergic diseases are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The use of extracts in the skin test and the additional use of IgE testing still represent the current basis for the diagnostic work-up. During the past 30 years, knowledge of the molecular structure of allergens has increased dramatically, and the characterization and production of allergenic molecules, as natural purified compounds or recombinant products, is allowing us to approach the allergy diagnostic work-up differently. Much of this is based on the adoption of microtechnology since the first release of a biochip for IgE detection. Its use has prompted the development of new concepts linked to the diagnosis of allergic diseases. This review describes the background of aller... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3727472 Fri, 02 Jul 2010 19:51:43 +0100 3727472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3715236&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft6401398311451m6%2F This article provides a list of the various foods, food additives, and contaminants that have been associated with occupational asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0130-2Authors André Cartier, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal 5400 Boulevard Gouin Ouest Montreal QC H4J 1C5 Canada Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3715236 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 16:34:49 +0100 3715236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3715237&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22014h1319157830%2F Abstract  The burden of asthma attributable to occupational exposures is significant. A better evaluation of markers of asthma and rhinitis in occupational settings may help reduce the frequency of occupational asthma (OA) and rhinitis (OR). This publication reviews articles published in 2008 and 2009 to provide an update on aspects related to markers of asthma and rhinitis. Markers derived from occupational exposure assessment, questionnaires, clinical data, and noninvasive tests such as functional tests or measures of serum antibodies are used to develop prediction models for the likelihood of OA and OR development. Findings from prospective studies highlight the course of preclinical signs and markers of airway inflammation in the natural history of OA and OR. Airway inf... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3715237 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 16:34:47 +0100 3715237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3707732&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fap80350147v407w2%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0125-zAuthors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison 600 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53792 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3707732 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 17:01:05 +0100 3707732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3707733&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh221464751725561%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0124-0Authors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison 600 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53792 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3707733 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 17:01:04 +0100 3707733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3707734&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F177t857k9p234240%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0126-yAuthors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison 600 Highland Avenue Madison WI 53792 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3707734 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 17:01:03 +0100 3707734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3707735&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx51752622t083801%2F Abstract  Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are important allergens in fruits, vegetables, nuts, pollen, and latex. Despite their wide distribution throughout the plant kingdom, their clinical relevance is largely confined to the Mediterranean area. As they can sensitize via the gastrointestinal tract, LPTs are considered true food allergens, and IgE reactivity to LTPs is often associated with severe systemic symptoms. Although Pru p 3 represents the predominant LTP in terms of patients’ IgE recognition, the contribution of pollen LTPs in primary sensitization cannot be ruled out. Due to structural homology, LTPs from different allergen sources are generally IgE cross-reactive. However, sensitization profiles among allergic patients are extremely heterogeneous, a... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3707735 Sat, 26 Jun 2010 16:12:02 +0100 3707735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3700365&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F563k7w1587798470%2F This article summarizes the findings of recent studies in the literature regarding what is known about the inheritance of specific allergens. Overall, properly collected and analyzed data appear to both support and refute the hypothesis that specific allergen sensitization is inherited, even when attempting to account for the complexities of varying study methodologies and the evaluation of diverse populations and communities. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0129-8Authors Rana Tawil Misiak, Henry Ford Health System Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology One Ford Place 4B Detroit MI 48202 USAGanesa Wegienka, Henry Ford Health System Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology One Ford Place 3E Detroit MI 48202 USAE... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3700365 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 20:13:23 +0100 3700365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3692118&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw7t26u16q66t71w4%2F Abstract  It is well-known that autoimmunity is significantly more prevalent in females. Growing evidence indicates that genes located on the X chromosome may play a role in autoimmunity and immune dysregulation, as also indicated by the frequent association of autoimmune phenomena in patients with X-linked primary immune deficiencies (PIDs). Hence, this group of genetic disorders is of particular interest to study PID-causing genes in the setting of more complex autoimmune disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms leading to the autoimmune phenomena that are associated with the different X-linked PIDs, and on the intriguing interplay between immune dysregulation and immune deficiency in this unique setting. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0127... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3692118 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 18:37:25 +0100 3692118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3564729&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj7861m808218uwt4%2F Abstract  Recent estimates show that food allergies affect a substantial proportion of children in the United States and appear to have increased in prevalence. At present, management of food allergies consists of strict avoidance of the responsible allergen and an appropriate response should a reaction occur. Creating safe environments for the growing number of children with food allergies requires a partnership between affected families and members of the caregiving and educational communities. This article reviews issues affecting children with food allergies at different stages of psychosocial development and discusses strategies that can be implemented to promote food safety within child care and school environments as well as in the community. It also presents an over... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3564729 Thu, 13 May 2010 08:58:59 +0100 3564729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561064&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl157704363723112%2F This article summarizes the scientific evidence on sensitizer-induced occupational asthma and rhinitis that has been published during the past 5 years. The review addresses the strategies for diagnosing and managing these highly prevalent occupational diseases. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0122-2Authors Olivier Vandenplas, Mont-Godinne Hospital Department of Chest Medicine Avenue Gaston Therasse 1 5530 Yvoir Belgium Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561064 Wed, 12 May 2010 07:04:16 +0100 3561064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3543640&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq8472n7778310116%2F Abstract  Cold contact urticaria (CCU) is a common subtype of physical urticaria characterized by itchy wheals and/or angioedema due to skin mast cell activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators after cold exposure. The underlying causes are largely unknown. When CCU is suspected, cold stimulation tests and threshold testing should be done to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the severity and course of CCU, respectively. Avoidance of critical cold exposure should be recommended but is often impossible, especially for severely affected patients with high temperature and low exposure time thresholds. Symptomatic treatment of choice is the use of modern, nonsedating antihistamines. Patients should be informed that complete protection from CCU symptom developme... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3543640 Thu, 06 May 2010 08:03:59 +0100 3543640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3523369&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6570825245m1p382%2F Abstract  Food allergies affect 6% of children and 3% to 4% of adults in the United States. Although several studies have examined the prevalence of food allergy, little information is available regarding the prevalence of multiple food allergies. Estimates of prevalence of people allergic to multiple foods is difficult to ascertain because those with allergy to one food may avoid additional foods for concerns related to cross-reactivity, positive tests, or prior reactions, or they may be reluctant to introduce foods known to be common allergens. Diagnosis relies on an accurate history and selective IgE testing. It is important to understand the limitations of the available tests and the role of cross-reactivity between allergens. Allergen avoidance and readily accessible e... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3523369 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:17:06 +0100 3523369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3523370&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm2w861256v513n17%2F Abstract  The concept of a sinus headache is problematic from neurology, allergology, and rhinology perspectives. It may be considered the final neurological diagnosis of exclusion when criteria for other craniofacial pain syndromes are not met. The International Headache Society definition implicates the presence of acute sinusitis, but this requirement is often not met in practice or with a patient’s perception of the term. Otorhinolaryngologists have a similar exasperation with this cephalgia but tend to attribute idiopathic, nonallergic rhinopathy as the cause. Allergists often see patients who claim to have a sinus headache but instead have perennial allergic rhinitis or nonallergic rhinitis. A fresh perspective is required to determine the characteristics, different... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3523370 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:17:04 +0100 3523370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3523371&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F56434407q5r67637%2F Abstract  Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) can be divided into the primary form (caused by an allergic reaction occurring primarily in the conjunctivae) and the secondary form (induced by allergic reaction originating primarily in the nasal mucosa, where the released mediators can reach conjunctiva through the lacrimal system, the blood, the lymphatic network, or the neurogenic network). Patients with primary AC develop an immediate, late, or delayed conjunctival response (CR) during conjunctival provocation tests. Patients with secondary AC develop an immediate, late, or delayed type of secondary CR, induced by the nasal allergic reaction, due to the nasal allergen challenge. Various hypersensitivity mechanisms may be involved in the particular CR types. The secondarily induce... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3523371 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:17:03 +0100 3523371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3523372&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl25r27132g282083%2F Abstract  Classification of itch into four categories—pruritoceptive, neurogenic, neuropathic, and psychogenic—has proven to be of utility to clinicians and investigators. Itch is recognized to be transmitted by dedicated afferent neurons, and a matrix of cerebral cortical loci involved in perception and the desire to scratch has been recognized. This highlights the multidimensional nature of the itch sensation. Some of the many mediators of itch, especially relevant in pruritogenic itch, are the result of cross-talk between dermal mast cells and adjacent cutaneous afferents. Keratinocytes of the epidermis express many neuropeptides, and their receptors are far from passive bystanders in the neurophysiology of itch. Mediators can also act centrally (eg, opioid peptides ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3523372 Thu, 29 Apr 2010 21:17:00 +0100 3523372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3516324&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F484n1182337q6685%2F Abstract  The World Trade Center (WTC) disaster and its recovery work involved a range of hazardous occupational exposures that have not been fully characterized but can be reasonably assumed to have the potential to cause mucosal inflammation in the upper and lower airways. A high prevalence of lower airway disease (LAD) symptoms was reported by several early surveys. Clinical studies further categorized the diagnoses as irritant-induced asthma (of subacute onset), nonspecific chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis, or aggravated preexistent obstructive pulmonary disease in a substantial proportion of patients. Risk factors for WTC-related LAD included early (on September 11 or 12, 2001) arrival at the WTC site and work at the pile of the collapsed towers. Cigarette smo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3516324 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:23:58 +0100 3516324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3516323&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc2713r32l60762ll%2F Abstract  The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular complex that regulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β in response to exogenous pathogens and endogenous danger signals. Evidence from studies involving human genetics, human ex vivo mononuclear cell responses, and in vivo and in vitro murine models confirms the importance of the inflammasome and interleukin-1β in the pathogenesis of several inherited and complex diseases. The availability of several effective interleukin-1β targeted therapies has allowed for successful proof-of-concept studies in several of these disorders. However, many other diseases are likely to be mediated by the inflammasome and interleukin-1β, providing additional targets in the future. Content Type Journal ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3516323 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:23:58 +0100 3516323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3516325&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb60xm1n888681178%2F Abstract  Prevention of occupational asthma related to a work-sensitizing agent ideally would be achieved by avoidance of exposures that cause immunologic sensitization and subsequent asthma. There are a few examples in which a sensitizing agent has been removed from a work process and others in which exposure has been significantly changed or reduced with associated reduced rates of sensitization and disease. Additional measures include containment, use of robots, ventilation measures, exposure monitoring, and use of respiratory protective devices. Secondary prevention includes medical surveillance, which may involve periodic respiratory questionnaires, spirometry, and immunologic tests aiming to detect sensitization or disease early to allow intervention and improve outco... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3516325 Wed, 28 Apr 2010 08:23:56 +0100 3516325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3508856&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8u332n801626853%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0115-1Authors Dan Atkins, National Jewish Health 1400 Jackson Street, J301 Denver CO 80206 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3508856 Sat, 24 Apr 2010 08:10:14 +0100 3508856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3508857&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F21551851p5016lu3%2F Abstract  Cross-contamination presents a risk of unknown magnitude for food allergic consumers. Published cases likely represent the tip of a rather large iceberg. Cross-contamination can occur in homes, restaurants, food manufacturing plants, and on farms. The frequency of cross-contamination as the cause of accidental exposures to allergenic foods is unknown. Food allergic individuals can react to ingestion of trace levels of the offending food, although a highly variable range of threshold doses exist among populations of food allergic individuals. The magnitude of the risk posed to food allergic consumers by cross-contamination is characterized by the frequency of exposure to cross-contaminated foods, the dose of exposure, and the individual’s threshold dose. The food... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3508857 Sat, 24 Apr 2010 08:10:13 +0100 3508857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3502006&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu702p1752433m624%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0114-2Authors Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina Department of Medicine P. O. Box 250623 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston SC 29425 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3502006 Fri, 23 Apr 2010 08:32:59 +0100 3502006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3502007&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7233050385034p0%2F This article reviews and discusses the recent literature regarding feeding disorders in food allergic children. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database for English language articles published between January 1980 and February 2010. Additional information was obtained via review of recent textbooks and review of the general information web page of several established pediatric feeding programs. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0111-5Authors Angela M. Haas, The Children’s Hospital Denver 13123 East 16th Avenue, B030 Aurora CO 80045 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3502007 Fri, 23 Apr 2010 08:32:58 +0100 3502007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3491439&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv654n04440056738%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0113-3Authors Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina Department of Medicine P. O. Box 250623 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston SC 29425 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3491439 Tue, 20 Apr 2010 11:21:27 +0100 3491439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3476791&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg4226711qw632651%2F Abstract  The inadvertent transfer of food allergy from an allergic donor to an unsuspecting recipient by transfusion or organ donation is a relatively rare but intriguing event with potentially catastrophic consequences. Additionally, the development of food allergy in the recipient of a transplant from a donor who was not food allergic poses questions about why this occurs, why it is observed more frequently in some situations than others, and the mechanisms that may be involved. In this review, the transfer of food allergy by transfusion, bone marrow transplantation, and the transplantation of different solid organs is explored, and potential mechanisms in addition to the importance of careful monitoring are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-0... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3476791 Tue, 13 Apr 2010 18:05:45 +0100 3476791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450431&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F416lq773u356024x%2F Abstract  Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a γ retrovirus that has been associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and prostate cancer. The search for viral causes of these syndromes was reignited by the finding that RNase L activity was low in hereditary prostate cancer and some CFS patients. The six strains of XMRV that have been sequenced have greater than 99% identity, indicating a new human infection rather than laboratory contamination. DNA, RNA, and proteins from XMRV have been detected in 50% to 67% of CFS patients and in about 3.7% of healthy controls. XMRV infections could be transmitted to permissive cell lines from CFS plasma, suggesting the potential for communicable and blood-borne spread of the virus and potentially CFS. This trou... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450431 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 18:27:21 +0100 3450431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450432&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2803328343120467%2F Abstract  The gastrointestinal immune system is a major component of the mucosal barrier, which maintains an immunologic homeostasis between the host and the harsh environment of the gut. This homeostasis is achieved by immunologic quiescence, and its dysregulation is thought to result from the development of immune diseases such as food allergies. Recent findings have revealed versatile pathways in the development of intestinal allergies to certain food antigens. In this review, we summarize the regulatory and quiescence mechanisms in the gut immune system and describe aberrant interactions between the host immune system and the gut environment in the development of food allergies. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0097-zAuthors Jun Kunisawa, The Uni... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450432 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 21:36:33 +0100 3450432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3416862&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7768441p82g2813%2F This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of upper and lower airway communication beyond allergic disease. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0107-1Authors Peter W. Hellings, University Hospitals Leuven Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery Kapucijnenvoer 33 Leuven 3000 BelgiumEmmanuel P. Prokopakis, University of Crete School of Medicine Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery Heraklion Crete Greece Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3416862 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 05:54:04 +0100 3416862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3411886&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F46013x76287l2273%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0108-0Authors John J. Oppenheimer, New Jersey Medical School Pulmonary and Allergy Associates 8 Saddle Road Cedar Knolls NJ 07927 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3411886 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 19:16:48 +0100 3411886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404960&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F224410403275t412%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0099-xAuthors Constance H. Katelaris, University of Western Sydney Campbelltown Hospital, Therry Road Campbelltown 2560 NSW Australia Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404960 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 17:59:59 +0100 3404960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3404961&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F96451l6383562053%2F Abstract  The term rhinosinusitis describes an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nose and sinuses; however, recent evidence points to the need to differentiate patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps from those with nasal polyps. Asthma comorbidity is especially common in nasal polyp disease and may be associated with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Of interest, asthma comorbidity is uncommon in some parts of the world but common in others. A further analysis of the inflammatory patterns also revealed that nasal polyps do not represent one single entity; interleukin (IL)-5–positive nasal polyps can be differentiated from IL-5–negative forms by different inflammatory patterns (predominance of eosinophils vs neutrophils). Staphylococcus a... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3404961 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 17:59:58 +0100 3404961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3400310&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjh86431070464280%2F Abstract  The first US Food and Drug Administration–approved dilating balloon catheter system for obstructed paranasal sinus drainage pathways was introduced in September 2005. It was discussed as an alternative treatment option for traditional endoscopic sinus surgery for those suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis. Widespread patient interest has ensued, although controversy regarding application of this device continues. Many otolaryngologists have been trained to use the device, and more than 88,000 patients have had surgery using this device. Like similar dilating catheters used in other specialties to relieve obstruction, it is a minimally invasive tool for mucosal-sparing dilation of sinus ostia or sinus outflow tracts. Although studies have been completed that dem... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3400310 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 18:08:41 +0100 3400310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3396212&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9x84007k06392668%2F Abstract  Cerebral vasculitis is diagnosed with difficulty. Its presentation with heterogeneous symptoms and signs often delays diagnosis. In this context, imaging plays an important role in advancing the diagnosis. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography, MRI, and MRA, the most useful examinations for vasculitis, provide supportive, but not pathognomonic, evidence of cerebral vasculitis. On MRI, multiple infarcts in different vascular territories and of different ages are suggestive of vasculitis. On digital subtraction cerebral angiography, areas of stenosis, dilatation, and occlusion are suggestive of vasculitis. Small vessel vasculitis is currently best demonstrated by changes seen in brain parenchyma on MRI, but high field strength (7 T) magnetic resonance angiog... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3396212 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 17:51:24 +0100 3396212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3396211&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr4135574l34p5337%2F Abstract  Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), an allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva affecting mainly children and adolescents, is categorized under the rubric of allergic conjunctivitis. Lack of uniform diagnostic and predefined staging criteria has been a bottleneck in formulating fixed guidelines to treat VKC. This lack of consensus among clinicians/researchers regarding diagnostic and grading standards has prevented us from making comparisons between the outcomes of different studies. To treat VKC, selection of a drug from many available options should be based on the duration and frequency of symptoms, grade and inflammation of giant papillae, and severity of corneal involvement. Consideration also should be given to the patient’s specific needs. The basic tenet ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3396211 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 17:51:24 +0100 3396211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3391447&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7112363n3884h4x2%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic disease conditions in the United States. Currently, diagnosis is based initially on clinical symptomatology and signs, but the final diagnosis of CRS should be confirmed by objective measures. CT of the paranasal sinuses is the most commonly obtained test to confirm or exclude a diagnosis of CRS. CT has been shown to be reliable, accurate, and effective in diagnosing CRS, but it also imparts radiation exposure. More recently, MRI of the paranasal sinuses has been explored as a diagnostic modality in CRS. Initial data suggest it may be a viable alternative to CT in the diagnosis of CRS. As clinicians are likely to begin to use MRI as a diagnostic modality in CRS, further studies are warranted with respe... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3391447 Sat, 20 Mar 2010 11:12:00 +0100 3391447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3391448&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6qr55t3760453164%2F This article reviews the prevalence, pathophysiology, and medical treatment options for sinonasal polyps. Focused attention is paid to treatment with steroid injections, including a review of its associated risks and benefits. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0104-4Authors Marcelo B. Antunes, University of Pennsylvania Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Philadelphia PA USASamuel S. Becker, Becker Nose and Sinus Center 2301 Evesham Road, Suite 404 Voorhees NJ 08043 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3391448 Sat, 20 Mar 2010 11:11:58 +0100 3391448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386245&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq63213631484g7v2%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-010-0100-8Authors Marek L. Kowalski, Medical University of Lódz Department of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine 251 Pomorska Street 92-213 Lódz Poland Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386245 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 18:32:46 +0100 3386245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386246&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5l467034r81651r8%2F Abstract  Immune responses can be compartmentalized into innate versus adaptive components. This relatively recent dichotomy positioned the innate immune system at the interface between the host and the external environment and provided a new conceptual framework with which to view allergic diseases, including asthma. Airway epithelial cells and dendritic cells are key components of the innate immune system in the nose and lung and are now known to be intimately involved in allergen recognition and in modulating allergic immune responses. Here we review current thinking about how these two key cell types sense and respond to inhaled allergens, and emphasize how an understanding of “allergic innate immunity” can translate into new thinking about mechanisms of allergen se... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386246 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:26:19 +0100 3386246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371232&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk312g2kn55437564%2F Abstract  A variety of systemic conditions impact the incidence, severity, prognosis, and treatment approach in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The controversy surrounding the impact of allergic rhinitis on CRS continues, but it is reasonable to consider and treat allergic sources of inflammation in any patient with CRS. CRS is more severe in patients with aspirin sensitivity but improves—at least temporarily—to the same degree as in non-aspirin-sensitive patients, given appropriate therapy. Polypoid rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis patients is characterized by compromised mucociliary clearance and infection with staphylococcal and pseudomonal organisms. Affected individuals require frequent antibiotic treatment, saline lavage, and repeated surgeries. Rhino... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371232 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 18:00:24 +0100 3371232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355408&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7002u3v7117471l%2F Abstract  Work-related rhinitis, which includes work-exacerbated rhinitis and occupational rhinitis, may be two to three times more common than occupational asthma. Both high molecular weight proteins and low molecular weight chemicals have been implicated as causes of occupational rhinitis. A diagnosis is established based on occupational history and, if appropriate, documentation of IgE-mediated sensitization to the causative agent. Management of work-related rhinitis is similar to that of non-work-related rhinitis and includes elimination or reduction of exposure to offending agents combined with pharmacotherapy. If treatment allergens are commercially available, allergen immunotherapy may also be considered if appropriate. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355408 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355407&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq08hk17017842n10%2F Abstract  The World Trade Center disaster and its recovery work involved a range of hazardous occupational exposures that have not been fully characterized but that can be reasonably assumed to have the potential to cause mucosal inflammation, preferentially (but not exclusively) in the upper airway. A high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and upper airway disease (UAD) symptoms was reported by several early surveys. Clinical studies demonstrated objective, clinically significant, and persistent chronic perennial rhinosinusitis and UAD—with or without seasonal exacerbation—in a large proportion of patients. Demonstration of an association between UAD and available exposure indicators has been limited. Atopy seemed to be associated with increased UAD symptom severity and to ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355407 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355406&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1312j4uu410k2545%2F Abstract  Although nasal allergy has been prominent in allergy research, ocular allergy is increasingly recognized as a distinct symptom complex that imposes its own disease burden and reduction in patients’ quality of life. In the past year, knowledge of the relationships between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis has increased. Allergic conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and has a close epidemiologic relationship with allergic rhinitis. Both conditions also exhibit similar pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathways of communication are thought to increase the likelihood of an inflammatory reaction at both sites following allergen exposure of nasal or ocular tissue. Clinical trials of intranasal therapies have demonstrated efficacy in allergic conjunctivitis and rh... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355406 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312567&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F106g28313216245l%2F Abstract  Vidian neurectomy yields dramatic relief of nasal hypersecretion in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clinical studies conducted on vidian neurectomized nasal mucosa have shown that nasal hypersecretion observed after challenging the nasal mucosa with antigen is caused by reflexively induced activation of the parasympathetic center secondary to stimulation of the sensory nerve terminals in the nasal mucosa by histamine. On the contrary, nasal mucosal swelling is caused mostly by the direct effects of chemical mediators on the nasal vasculature, although vascular reflex mediated by the noncholinergic parasympathetic nerve may be partially involved in the onset of nasal mucosal swelling after antigen challenge. Considering the long-term side effects of inhibition of ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312567 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:02:50 +0100 3312567