MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Current Allergy and Asthma Reports' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 13:39:23 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3371232&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk312g2kn55437564%2F Abstract  A variety of systemic conditions impact the incidence, severity, prognosis, and treatment approach in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The controversy surrounding the impact of allergic rhinitis on CRS continues, but it is reasonable to consider and treat allergic sources of inflammation in any patient with CRS. CRS is more severe in patients with aspirin sensitivity but improves—at least temporarily—to the same degree as in non-aspirin-sensitive patients, given appropriate therapy. Polypoid rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis patients is characterized by compromised mucociliary clearance and infection with staphylococcal and pseudomonal organisms. Affected individuals require frequent antibiotic treatment, saline lavage, and repeated surgeries. Rhino... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3371232 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 18:00:24 +0100 3371232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355408&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7002u3v7117471l%2F Abstract  Work-related rhinitis, which includes work-exacerbated rhinitis and occupational rhinitis, may be two to three times more common than occupational asthma. Both high molecular weight proteins and low molecular weight chemicals have been implicated as causes of occupational rhinitis. A diagnosis is established based on occupational history and, if appropriate, documentation of IgE-mediated sensitization to the causative agent. Management of work-related rhinitis is similar to that of non-work-related rhinitis and includes elimination or reduction of exposure to offending agents combined with pharmacotherapy. If treatment allergens are commercially available, allergen immunotherapy may also be considered if appropriate. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355408 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355407&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq08hk17017842n10%2F Abstract  The World Trade Center disaster and its recovery work involved a range of hazardous occupational exposures that have not been fully characterized but that can be reasonably assumed to have the potential to cause mucosal inflammation, preferentially (but not exclusively) in the upper airway. A high prevalence of rhinosinusitis and upper airway disease (UAD) symptoms was reported by several early surveys. Clinical studies demonstrated objective, clinically significant, and persistent chronic perennial rhinosinusitis and UAD—with or without seasonal exacerbation—in a large proportion of patients. Demonstration of an association between UAD and available exposure indicators has been limited. Atopy seemed to be associated with increased UAD symptom severity and to ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355407 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3355406&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1312j4uu410k2545%2F Abstract  Although nasal allergy has been prominent in allergy research, ocular allergy is increasingly recognized as a distinct symptom complex that imposes its own disease burden and reduction in patients’ quality of life. In the past year, knowledge of the relationships between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis has increased. Allergic conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and has a close epidemiologic relationship with allergic rhinitis. Both conditions also exhibit similar pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathways of communication are thought to increase the likelihood of an inflammatory reaction at both sites following allergen exposure of nasal or ocular tissue. Clinical trials of intranasal therapies have demonstrated efficacy in allergic conjunctivitis and rh... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3355406 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:11:12 +0100 3355406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312567&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F106g28313216245l%2F Abstract  Vidian neurectomy yields dramatic relief of nasal hypersecretion in patients with allergic rhinitis. Clinical studies conducted on vidian neurectomized nasal mucosa have shown that nasal hypersecretion observed after challenging the nasal mucosa with antigen is caused by reflexively induced activation of the parasympathetic center secondary to stimulation of the sensory nerve terminals in the nasal mucosa by histamine. On the contrary, nasal mucosal swelling is caused mostly by the direct effects of chemical mediators on the nasal vasculature, although vascular reflex mediated by the noncholinergic parasympathetic nerve may be partially involved in the onset of nasal mucosal swelling after antigen challenge. Considering the long-term side effects of inhibition of ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312567 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:02:50 +0100 3312567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3312568&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0w60504x0832116w%2F Abstract  This review provides an overview of current and emerging issues regarding occupational rhinitis (OR) and occupational asthma (OA), focusing on studies discussing concepts and results that are relevant to both diseases. OA and OR are conditions that affect the upper and lower airways, are characterized by reduced airway caliber and hyperresponsiveness and by inflammation, and are caused by agents present in the workplace. To explain disease expression, research is moving from the T-helper type 1/type 2 cells paradigm to consider the contribution of diverse alternative pathways such as neural inflammation, a dysfunctional epithelial barrier, and autoimmune mechanisms, among others. Objective assessment of OR and OA has been improved and tested for research and, curr... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3312568 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:02:49 +0100 3312568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303515&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft42r671k36585u47%2F Abstract  Vasomotor rhinitis is a common disorder that is seen routinely in allergy practice. It affects millions of Americans and results in significant morbidity. The pathophysiology of this complex heterogeneous disorder is unknown, but we are making advances in this regard. Symptoms and signs can closely resemble those of allergic rhinitis and can be difficult to differentiate from those resulting from allergy. A careful history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing help clinicians arrive at a definitive diagnosis, but treatment can be challenging. Therapy should be based on the presenting symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis. Combination therapy with topical corticosteroids and azelastine is useful. However, in patients whose predominant symptom is rhinorrhea, use of... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303515 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 08:08:20 +0100 3303515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3303514&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkpu746g137312p10%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent disease in developed nations, and its prevalence has been increasing throughout the world. Nasal congestion is the most common and bothersome symptoms of rhinitis. Congestion is associated with sleep-disordered breathing and is thought to be a key cause of sleep impairment in individuals with rhinitis. The end result is a decrease in quality of life and productivity and an increase in daytime sleepiness. Treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has been shown to reduce nasal congestion. Data on sleep-related end points from clinical trials of intranasal corticosteroids indicate that this reduction is associated with improved sleep, reduced daytime fatigue, and improved quality of life. Other therapies, such as montelukast, also ha... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3303514 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 08:08:20 +0100 3303514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190240&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fewq74412886gh005%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0084-4Authors Nora Daher, University of Tennessee at Memphis Memphis TN USAPhillip Lieberman, University of Tennessee College of Medicine at Memphis Memphis TN USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190240 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 18:06:01 +0100 3190240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176874&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F94867n4140475720%2F This article focuses on the role of Treg cells in the lungs following infection with respiratory pathogens and discusses the targeting of Treg cells in the development of new therapies for immune-mediated respiratory diseases, such as allergy and asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0078-2Authors Peter McGuirk, Trinity College School of Biochemistry and Immunology Dublin 2 IrelandSarah C. Higgins, Trinity College School of Biochemistry and Immunology Dublin 2 IrelandKingston H. G. Mills, Trinity College School of Biochemistry and Immunology Dublin 2 Ireland Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176874 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 17:55:08 +0100 3176874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3160514&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk609385778h73gq7%2F Abstract  Mastocytosis is a proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic mast cell progenitor that results from expansion of a clone carrying the D816V c-kit mutation. Based on the dramatic increase in incidence of anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis, recent studies analyzed the presence of clonal mast cell markers, including D816V c-kit mutation, in patients with recurrent IgE- and non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. These studies demonstrated the presence of an aberrant mast cell clone in a significant proportion of patients with unexplained anaphylaxis, or anaphylaxis due to hymenoptera venom. Clonal mast cell disease should be suspected in particular in patients presenting with profound cardiovascular manifestations such as hypotension and syncope in the absence of urtica... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3160514 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:26:36 +0100 3160514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3160515&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj708837847p73387%2F This article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0077-3Authors Adriana R. Marques, National Institutes of Health Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Building 10, Room 11 N234, 10 Center Drive Bethesda MD 20892 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3160515 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:26:35 +0100 3160515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154072&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbk81l5p332707457%2F Abstract  Asthma pathogenesis seems to be a result of a complex mixture of genetic and environmental influences. There is evidence that Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly known as Chlamydia pneumoniae) play a role in promoting airway inflammation that could contribute to the onset and clinical course of asthma. Evidence also indicates that when antimicrobial therapy can eradicate or suppress these organisms, it may be possible to alter the course of the disease. Certain macrolide antibiotics have been shown to improve control of asthma symptoms and lung function in patients diagnosed with acute C. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae infection. Positive polymerase chain reaction studies for C. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae are needed to select asthma patients f... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154072 Wed, 06 Jan 2010 18:09:24 +0100 3154072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3154073&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff712l1l63w2tq260%2F Abstract  Developed countries are suffering from an epidemic rise in immunologic disorders, such as allergy-related diseases and certain autoimmunities. Several studies have demonstrated a negative association between helminth infections and inflammatory diseases (eg, allergy), providing a strong case for the involvement of helminth infections in this respect. However, some studies point in the opposite direction. The discrepancy may be explained by differences in frequency, dose, time, and type of helminth. In this review, new studies are discussed that may support the concept that chronic helminth infections in particular—but not acute infections—are associated with the expression of regulatory networks necessary for downmodulating allergic immune responses to harmles... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3154073 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 17:03:01 +0100 3154073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134265&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy748722781223126%2F Abstract  Advances have been made in defining the mechanisms for the control of allergic airway inflammation in response to inhaled antigens. Several genes, including ADAM33, DPP10, PHF11, GPRA, TIM-1, PDE4D, OPN3, and ORMDL3, have been implicated in the pathogenesis and susceptibility to atopy and asthma. Growing evidence associates asthma with a systemic propensity for allergic T-helper type 2 cytokines. Disordered coagulation and fibrinolysis also exacerbate asthma symptoms. Balance among functionally distinct dendritic cell subsets contributes to the outcome of T-cell-mediated immunity. Allergen-specific T-regulatory cells play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance to allergens and immune suppression. The major emphasis on immunotherapy for asthma during the pas... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134265 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 06:49:10 +0100 3134265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3127303&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj4h44k715r384367%2F Abstract  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that renders individuals vulnerable to acute exacerbations. A wide variety of allergic and nonallergic triggers can incite an asthma exacerbation. The goals of managing an asthma exacerbation are prompt recognition, rapid reversal of airflow obstruction, avoidance of relapses, and prevention of future episodes. A written asthma home management plan is essential to minimize the severity of exacerbations. Short-acting β-agonists, oxygen, and corticosteroids remain fundamental to early intervention in acute asthma exacerbations. Anticholinergics and magnesium sulfate can help nonresponders. Combination inhalers of the long-acting β-agonist formoterol and inhaled steroid budesonide have been effective in flexible dosing in tr... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3127303 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 17:54:33 +0100 3127303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122708&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg8066030h683362r%2F Abstract  The IgE response to pollen allergens often includes IgE antibodies specific for glycosylation motifs on the pollen proteins. These oligosaccharides are present on many different species and are known as cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants. However, IgE antibodies to plant-derived cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants seem to have only minor clinical significance and have not been related to anaphylaxis. Recently, two novel forms of anaphylaxis have become apparent in the southeastern United States: 1) reactions during the first infusion of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab and 2) adult-onset delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. Detailed investigation of serum antibodies established that in both cases, the patients had IgE antibodies specific for the mammalian o... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122708 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 19:49:42 +0100 3122708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122707&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq77l1u40p8505qm8%2F Abstract  Common indoor allergens include house dust mite, cockroach, animal dander, and certain molds. In genetically susceptible children, exposure to these indoor allergens during the critical postnatal period may lead to sensitization in early childhood. Consistent evidence indicates that children sensitized to common indoor allergens are at several-fold higher risk of asthma and allergy. Due to conflicting evidence from prospective studies, some doubt remains regarding a direct and dose–response relationship between exposure and development of asthma. However, in recent years, evidence has accumulated that exposure to indoor allergen causes asthma and allergy, but this effect may depend on dose and type of allergen as well as the underlying genetic susceptibility of ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122707 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 19:49:42 +0100 3122707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895620&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5780w47x75266t0%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0074-6Authors Christina E. Ciaccio, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USAJay M. Portnoy, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895620 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:38 +0100 2895620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895619&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7516505133100385%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0072-8Authors Christina E. Ciaccio, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USAJay M. Portnoy, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895619 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:38 +0100 2895619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895622&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmm78xl373634t6x2%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0075-5Authors David P. Skoner, Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895622 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:37 +0100 2895622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895621&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F64w7008p12111730%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0073-7Authors Christina E. Ciaccio, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USAJay M. Portnoy, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Kansas USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895621 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:37 +0100 2895621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895623&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd36j4238h8113640%2F Abstract  Otitis media with effusion (OME) and acute otitis media (AOM) continue to be a significant source of morbidity in the United States, as they account for more than 3.5 billion dollars in annual costs, and OME is the sixth most common reason for an emergency department visit. The efficacy of antihistamines in the treatment of OME/AOM has been thoroughly refuted in the literature during the past three decades. However, most studies to date have used first-generation antihistamines with or without decongestants. We propose that second-generation antihistamines may have increased efficacy in the treatment of OME/AOM because of their greater selectivity for histamine receptors and lack of anti-cholinergic activity. Further clinical trials may be warranted, as medical tr... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895623 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:36 +0100 2895623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895625&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcn7x81126554721p%2F Abstract  Adenoids and/or tonsil inflammation with concomitant obstructive hypertrophy is one of the oldest and most common pediatric problems. Adenoids are a component of Waldeyer’s ring and because of their anatomic position can be relevant in the pathogenesis of otitis media when they are inflamed and/or enlarged. Adenoid pads can create mechanical eustachian tube obstruction. Therefore, in some cases, adenoidectomy may have a role in the clinical management of otitis media with effusion. However, eustachian tube dysfunction related to the adenoids may also have an allergy-related functional component. Allergic inflammation has been described for middle ear effusion, and some studies have reported that mast cells increase and allergic mediators release in adenoids as w... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895625 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:35 +0100 2895625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895624&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv3821q5888108615%2F Abstract  Although eustachian tube dysfunction and bacterial infection have been shown to cause otitis media with effusion (OME), other etiologies are possible. One of the most common medical conditions in children is obesity, which can have effects throughout the body. Little is known, however, about the relationship between obesity and OME. Obesity may result in altered cytokine expression, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or fat accumulation, all of which may contribute to OME. Conversely, OME may induce taste changes through middle ear cavity inflammation, thus contributing to obesity. A similar pattern of taste change has been shown in patients with gustatory nerve anesthesia. Further research on the relationship between obesity and OME may help to determine the exact ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895624 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:35 +0100 2895624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895627&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F374556192tj05535%2F Abstract  The many roads leading to the syndrome of asthma have proven to be intricately interconnected. The chronic inflammation of asthma is characterized by airway hyperreactivity and variable reversibility. Past classification systems relied on assessment of daily impairment and the distinction between intrinsic (nonallergic) and extrinsic (allergic). With more precise asthma phenotypes, association studies likely will have greater significance. In addition, patients at higher risk for severe disease can be more effectively managed, and treatments can be directed to responders. In this review, we look at eight identified phenotypes: atopic and nonatopic status, pre-asthma wheezing, inflammatory mediator predominance, aspirin-sensitive, exercise-induced, severe, and flar... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895627 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:33 +0100 2895627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895626&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk5t6155g6538qx14%2F This article reviews and discusses evidence for the assessment and remediation of indoor allergens commonly found in homes and schools. A literature review was performed using the PubMed database for English-language articles published between January 1, 1980, and February 2009. Additional information was obtained from a review of recent textbooks and one professional society’s webpage. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0062-xAuthors Thomas A. Lupoli, Children’s Mercy Hospital 2401 Gillham Road Kansas City MO 64108 USAChristina E. CiaccioJay M. Portnoy Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Rep... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895626 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:33 +0100 2895626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895628&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj267631pt371851l%2F Abstract  New developments in the field of allergy and immunology have yielded a variety of novel therapeutic approaches in recent years, and more agents are at the clinical trial stage. Among the therapeutic approaches discussed in this review are Toll-like receptor agonists, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides, orally and parenterally administered cytokine blockers, and specific cytokine receptor antagonists. Transcription factor modulators targeting syk kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and nuclear factor-κB are also being evaluated in the treatment of asthma. The anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab has established effectiveness in patients with allergic asthma, but the criteria for selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from it a... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895628 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:32 +0100 2895628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895631&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh520285307388111%2F Abstract  Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is defined as transient, reversible bronchoconstriction that develops after strenuous exercise. It is a heterogeneous syndrome made up of a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from the asymptomatic military recruit whose condition is detected by diagnostic exercise challenge to the athlete with known asthma to the elite athlete for whom EIB represents an overuse or injury syndrome. If exercise is the only identified trigger for bronchoconstriction, it is called EIB. However, when it is associated with known asthma, then it is defined as EIB with asthma. This review discusses the pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and management of EIB and EIB with asthma. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0064-8Authors ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895631 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:31 +0100 2895631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895630&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9545qg4522503167%2F Abstract  Abnormal neural function contributes to the pathogenesis of airway disease. In addition to affecting airway physiology, the nerves produce and release inflammatory mediators, contributing to the recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Activated inflammatory cells in turn affect the function of airway nerves, changing the production and release of neurotransmitters. Cross-talk between airway nerves and leukocytes helps to maintain chronic inflammation and accentuates neural control of the airways. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0071-9Authors Kirsten C. VerheinAllison D. FryerDavid B. Jacoby, Oregon Health & Science University Department of Medicine 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code UHN67 Portland OR 97239 USA Journal Cu... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895630 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:31 +0100 2895630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895629&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frh0606633653r084%2F Abstract  Bacteria can grow as free-floating, planktonic bacteria or complex communities called biofilms. Biofilms promote bacterial growth and diversity and offer bacteria unique environments, including aerobic and anaerobic layers, that facilitate resistance to antimicrobial therapies. Respiratory and related structures provide ideal environments for the development of bacterial biofilms, which predispose patients to recurrent and chronic infections. Biofilms are important for the persistence of chronic rhinosinusitis, pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis, chronic otitis media, and device-related infections. Antimicrobial therapy that is proven effective against planktonic bacteria is often insufficiently effective against the defenses of biofilms. Furthermore, biofilm... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895629 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:31 +0100 2895629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895633&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F82m4066338554j27%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0076-4Authors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin-Madison USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 6 / November, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895633 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:29 +0100 2895633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2895632&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F800t841644377520%2F Abstract  The aim of pediatric personalized medicine is to uniquely combine genetic variation with developmental stage and environmental exposure to provide a tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic regimen. Recent advances in genomic research have identified many genetic variants that may be related to allergic and inflammatory disease and therapeutic response. These include variants involved in immune response, barrier proteins, and medication response. Current evidence also suggests that the effect of genetic variation often depends on the developmental stage of a child and environmental exposure such as infection or tobacco smoke during a specific stage. Personalized medicine is a new and exciting field with the potential to significantly improve medical care f... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2895632 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 10:45:29 +0100 2895632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696899&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhvj83r2722342600%2F Abstract  Mouse allergen has long been recognized as an important cause of occupational allergy and asthma, but only recently has it been implicated in asthma and allergic diseases in community settings. Recent studies have established that mouse allergen is detectable in most US homes, with strikingly high levels in some inner cities. Inner city homes in major northeastern and midwestern US urban centers have levels as much as 100-fold higher than those found in other geographic regions. In addition, about 25% of inner city children with asthma have evidence of IgE sensitization to mouse. Several studies have shown that the combination of sensitization and exposure to higher levels of mouse allergen is associated with substantial asthma morbidity, including hospitalization... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696899 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:17 +0100 2696899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696902&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F116882681g626390%2F Abstract  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common clinically significant primary immune defect. Although the hallmark of CVID is hypogammaglobulinemia, the intrinsic dysregulation of the immune system leads to defective T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as dendritic cell and cytokine defects. Although 70% to 80% of patients have had recurrent sinopulmonary infections, autoimmunity and inflammatory complications are also common. The most common autoimmune conditions are immune thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic anemia, but other autoimmune complications arise, including rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, primary biliary cirrhosis, thyroiditis, sicca syndrome, systemic lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment of autoimmunity inc... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696902 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:16 +0100 2696902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696901&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq739x63uj715jtx3%2F Abstract  Thunderstorm-related asthma is increasingly recognized in many parts of the world. This review focuses on important advances in the understanding of the mechanism of the role of allergens, in particular fungal spores such as Alternaria, in asthma epidemics associated with thunderstorms. From our observations, we have proposed that the prerequisites for this phenomenon are as follows: 1) a sensitized, atopic, asthmatic individual; 2) prior airway hyperresponsiveness before a sudden, large allergen exposure; 3) a large-scale thunderstorm with cold outflow occurring at a time and location during an allergen season in which large numbers of asthmatics are outdoors; and 4) sudden release of large amounts of respirable allergenic fragments, particularly fungal spores suc... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696901 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:16 +0100 2696901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696900&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F952601670l527791%2F Abstract  Severe asthma presents significant management challenges. Patients can be difficult to control despite use of current standard-of-care therapy, including inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists. Alternative diagnoses, noncompliance, and comorbidities all can influence asthma control, future risk, and response to currently available therapy. Definitions of severe asthma evaluate and address these confounding variables, and yet patients are still symptomatic despite aggressive, appropriate therapy. Severe asthma has a distinct pathophysiology including airway remodeling that contributes to the decreased effectiveness of standard therapy. Multiple phenotypes exist within severe asthma that likely require distinct therapeutic approaches to achieve control ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696900 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:16 +0100 2696900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696904&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8kp0727626044241%2F Abstract  Mast cells are present in nearly all vascularized tissues, but not the blood. They are best known for the prominent role they play in atopic disease. However, our current understanding of their direct and indirect roles in the immune response offers a more nuanced picture of both villain and hero. Although they are implicated in many inflammatory disorders, they also defend us from bacterial pathogens, prevent dangerous overreactions by the immune system, and even protect us from snake venom. Perhaps there is more to these maligned cells than we thought. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0052-zAuthors John J. Ryan, Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Biology P. O. Box 842012 1000 West Cary Street Richmond VA 23284-2012 USAJosephine F... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696904 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:15 +0100 2696904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696903&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg268k805jt6443r4%2F Abstract  Albuterol has been used for more than 40 years to treat acute asthma exacerbations as a racemic mixture of isomers: the active form, (R)-albuterol, or levalbuterol, and (S)-albuterol, classically considered inert. The single-isomer formulation, levalbuterol, has been synthesized recently and used therapeutically when the racemate is deemed less desirable. Basic investigations indicate that racemic albuterol and levalbuterol can produce effects that favor asthma remediation, including corticosteroid amplification and reduction of inflammatory mediators; in contrast, (S)-albuterol produces opposite effects. With inhalation of racemic albuterol, circulating (S)-albuterol persists 12 times longer than levalbuterol, suggesting potential for paradoxical effects observed... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696903 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:15 +0100 2696903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696905&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F733v118p9w2t521u%2F We present published results, focusing on the most recent. There is great heterogeneity of results that cannot be explained by the variety of study designs alone. We propose that the next generation of primary prevention studies will be informed by epidemiologic studies of gene-environment interactions and will investigate the effects of tailor-made measures targeting individuals with specific susceptibilities who may benefit from specified interventions. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0053-yAuthors Angela Simpson, University of Manchester University Hospital of South Manchester National Health Service Foundation Trust, Second Floor, Education and Research Centre Manchester M23 9LT UKAdnan Custovic Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 15... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696905 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:11 +0100 2696905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696910&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd2k65gt4618n1220%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0059-5Authors Ashwini Komarla, Washington University School of Medicine Houston TX USAJulie Y. Patel, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Houston TX USADavid P. Huston, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine Houston TX USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696910 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:09 +0100 2696910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696909&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd443684273314x86%2F Abstract  Autophagy is an ancient pathway required for cell and tissue homeostasis and differentiation. Initially thought to be a process leading to cell death, autophagy is currently viewed as a beneficial catabolic process that promotes cell survival under starvation conditions by sequestering components of the cytoplasm, including misfolded proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles, and targeting them for lysosome-mediated degradation. In this way, autophagy plays a role in maintaining a balance between degradation and recycling of cellular material. The importance of autophagy is underscored by the fact that malfunctioning of this pathway results in neurodegeneration, cancer, susceptibility to microbial infection, and premature aging. Autophagy occurs in almo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696909 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:09 +0100 2696909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696908&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd4611vk32l713237%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0061-yAuthors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696908 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:09 +0100 2696908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696907&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F640n3u5673v10l91%2F Abstract  An increasing number of studies on allergenic molecules have been published during the past 20 years, and the number of proteins reported as allergens is close to 1500 (http://www.allergome.org). Collecting, organizing, and displaying data reported in the scientific literature is becoming the major commitment of Web-based databases that organize this knowledge in heterogeneous ways. This heterogeneity prevents the databases from being connected to each other, something that has been done in several other biomedical fields. This review reports on the current status of allergen databases and available tools to study the allergenicity of new compounds. An analysis of what has been done by applying bioinformatics in other medical fields is presented. Suggestions on how... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696907 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:09 +0100 2696907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2696906&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe3735u5382552n26%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0060-zAuthors Robert K. Bush, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 5 / September, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2696906 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:26:09 +0100 2696906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641933&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6qg7k3844u70l304%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0048-8Authors Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina Department of Medicine Charleston SC USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641933 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:09 +0100 2641933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641934&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd721616x3hm56n5q%2F Abstract  Intranasal corticosteroids have become a gold standard in therapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. A direct relationship between topical and systemic corticosteroids and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) has been recognized for more than 50 years. However, this steroid-induced response is highly variable. Glaucoma is an eye disease caused by an increase in IOP and results in optic nerve cell death and vision loss. Intranasal corticosteroids are absorbed systemically albeit in small measurable amounts. Some studies suggest a relationship between intranasal steroids and increased IOP. Large prospective studies to determine if there is a significant relationship between intranasal steroids and increased IOP are lacking. We review the current knowledge base regardi... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641934 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:08 +0100 2641934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641936&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flj6527115tn2lh76%2F This article describes the spectrum of disorders classified as ocular allergy and outlines pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the various disorders. This forms the basis for a rational approach to management strategies. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0042-1Authors Gregg J. Berdy, Ophthalmology Associates 12990 Manchester Road, Suite 200 St. Louis MO 63131 USASusan S. Berdy Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641936 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:07 +0100 2641936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641935&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv277640734t41020%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case StudyDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0047-9Authors Kimberly C. SalazarMichael R. Nelson, Walter Reed Army Medical Center Division of Allergy and Immunology 6900 Georgia Avenue NW Washington, DC 20307 USAKelly D. Stone Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641935 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:07 +0100 2641935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641937&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu762472118484412%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) is a common allergic condition associated with high financial costs and decreased quality of life. Medical treatment options are extensive and include oral, ophthalmic, and intranasal agents. Intranasal corticosteroids (INS) have traditionally been used for chronic management of nasal symptoms, but have also demonstrated an impact on decreasing ocular symptoms of itching, tearing, and redness. Study design, including the method and timing of scoring ocular symptoms, is an important factor affecting whether changes in ocular symptoms are detected in INS clinical trials. INS are thought to exert their influence on the eye through the naso-ocular reflex, and to date their impact on ocular symptoms appears to be a class effect. Co... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641937 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:05 +0100 2641937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641938&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk3p5016m51137332%2F Abstract  Until recently, it was assumed that hereditary angioedema was a disease resulting exclusively from a genetic deficiency of the C1 inhibitor. In 2000, families with hereditary angioedema, normal C1 inhibitor activity, and protein in plasma were described. Since then, numerous patients and families with this condition have been reported. Most of the patients were women. In many of the affected women, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy containing estrogens, and pregnancies triggered the clinical symptoms. In some families, mutations in the coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor) gene were detected in the affected persons. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0039-9Authors Konrad Bork, Johannes Gutenberg University Department of Dermato... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641938 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:04 +0100 2641938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641940&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjn28341631176356%2F Abstract  Patients with cholinergic urticaria (CU) show a number of small, short-lasting hives when their body core temperature increases, usually during sweating following exercise or bathing. The precise mechanism(s) of hive formation in CU has been unclear except for the involvement of acetylcholine. We recently reported that most CU patients show immediate-type skin responses to their own sweat, whereas the rest of CU patients have positive autologous serum skin tests (ASSTs). The former group produced satellite wheals following acetylcholine injection, whereas the latter group produced hives in conjunction with hair follicles. We propose two subtypes of CU: 1) a sweat-hypersensitivity type with strong hypersensitivity to autologous sweat, nonfollicular hives, developme... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641940 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:03 +0100 2641940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641939&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft1v183652m2q0322%2F Abstract  Chronic urticaria is a common skin disease without an etiology in the majority of cases. The similarity of symptoms and pathology to allergen-induced skin reactions supports the idea that skin mast cell and blood basophil IgE receptor activation is involved; however, no exogenous allergen trigger has been identified. Recent evidence supports a role for blood basophils in disease expression. Specifically, blood basopenia is noted in active disease with the recruitment of blood basophils to skin lesional sites. In addition, blood basophils display altered IgE receptor-mediated degranulation that reverts in disease remission. In active chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) subjects, changes in IgE receptor-signaling molecule expression levels accompany the altered degra... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641939 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:03 +0100 2641939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641941&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F232728234k5473j0%2F This article reviews the evidence supporting the fundamental role of air pollutants in fostering allergic inflammation of the airways, with emphasis on the molecular and genetic pathways that link ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure to the induction of proinflammatory changes and proallergic effects in the respiratory tract. We propose that the link between PM exposure and proallergic effects involves organic PM components that generate oxygen radicals capable of perturbing the redox equilibrium mucosal immune cells. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0046-xAuthors Loida VieraKarin ChenAndre NelMaria Garcia Lloret, University of California Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, and the Asthma and Allergic Diseases... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641941 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:59:01 +0100 2641941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641942&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1p51237000w86256%2F This article reviews emerging evidence that the inflammation in AD results from inherited and acquired insults to the barrier, as well as the therapeutic implications of this new paradigm. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0037-yAuthors Peter M. Elias, VA Medical Center Dermatology Service (190) 4150 Clement Street San Francisco CA 94121 USAMatthias Schmuth Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641942 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:58:58 +0100 2641942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641943&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq11x050161w02817%2F Abstract  Orbital myositis is an inflammatory process that primarily involves the extraocular muscles and most commonly affects young adults in the third decade of life, with a female predilection. Clinical characteristics of orbital myositis include orbital and periorbital pain, ocular movement impairment, diplopia, proptosis, swollen eyelids, and conjunctival hyperemia. The most common presentation is acute and unilateral, which initially responds to systemic corticosteroid therapy. However, chronic and recurrent cases may involve both orbits. Many inflammatory, vascular, neoplastic, and infectious conditions that affect the extraocular muscles and other orbital tissue can mimic orbital myositis. The most important differential diagnoses include thyroid-related eye diseas... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641943 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:58:57 +0100 2641943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641944&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F81h551837738n658%2F Abstract  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic skin disease in which multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions play a pivotal role. Although the complex pathophysiologic network of AD explains the large spectrum of risk and trigger factors, it is far from being comprehensively understood. Hence, genetic modifications underlying the dysfunction of the epidermal skin barrier as well as the close interaction of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms were the focus of intensive research studies. This review aims to summarize the most recent findings in this field. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0041-2Authors Thomas Bieber, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn Department of Dermatology and Allergy Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25 D-53105 Bonn G... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641944 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:58:56 +0100 2641944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2641945&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F040t024627334062%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0049-7Authors Allen P. Kaplan, Medical University of South Carolina Department of Medicine Charleston SC USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 4 / July, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2641945 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:58:55 +0100 2641945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448239&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy39464988v2k5v85%2F Abstract  Allergic asthma is a complex disease that has been modeled extensively in small rodents. Airway eosinophilia and changes in lung function have been documented using a variety of protocols. However, recent efforts have improved these models by trying to replicate the structural remodeling that occurs in the lung as a consequence of chronic allergen-driven inflammation. This review documents the recent developments in protocols and systems designed to examine pathways leading to allergen-induced airway remodeling. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-007-0077-0Authors Clare M. Lloyd, Imperial College Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine London SW7 2AZ England Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsO... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448239 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:27 +0100 2448239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448240&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff8176hm3441677p1%2F Abstract  The increase in the global incidence of atopic disease and asthma during the past few decades has been ascribed to environmental factors, including the reduction in exposure to serious infections. The hypothetical framework to explain the inverse relationship between infections and atopic disease and asthma has been called the “hygiene hypothesis.” Animal and experimental models have identified Mycobacteria as important potential candidates in the hygiene hypothesis by demonstrating that exposure to Mycobacteria or mycobacterial proteins led to subsequent reduction in different atopic manifestations. Although there are epidemiological studies in support, they have not always been consistent. In this review we appraise epidemiologic evidence on the inverse relat... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448240 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:25 +0100 2448240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448241&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn10r420tw344287l%2F Abstract  Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) remains the treatment (CRS) with or without nasal polyposis (NP). ESS has undergone review, reassessment, and substantial refinement. Several advances (eg, powered instrumentation, image guidance, adjunctive intraoperative procedures) have expanded the scope of cases amenable to ESS, decreased operative time and intraoperative blood loss, and improved safety. Procoagulant nasal/sinus packing and refinements of technique have decreased the need for postoperative removal of packing, thus decreasing morbidity. Methods to reduce synechia formation (ie, mitomycin-c) have been explored, with mixed results. Novel methods of sinusotomy (eg, balloon catheter dilatation of the sinus ostia) have had limited but interesting short-term results. W... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448241 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:24 +0100 2448241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448242&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe529162441w418gk%2F Abstract  Antileukotriene drugs have been studied for more than 15 years. In his review we examine the role of leukotrienes in rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, and explore the clinical literature supporting the use of antileukotriene agents in these diseases. Although these medications clearly are efficacious in rhinitis, it is unclear where in the armamentarium they should be used. The evidence for use in sinusitis has not been well studied except in sinusitis-associated aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. In this circumstance there is information that allows use of antileukotriene agents to be considered effi cacious. We provide our rationale for use and await future clinical studies to answer this important question. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-007-... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448242 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:23 +0100 2448242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448243&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw60433327r301n72%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is presently classified into two subgroups: CRS without and CRS with nasal polyps. A variety of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, as well as adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, are upregulated in both subgroups of CRS; remodeling is also observed in both. However, there are also characteristic differences. Whereas CRS without nasal polyps has more neutrophilic infiltration, in CRS with nasal polyps (especially when associated with allergy/asthma) eosinophil infiltration is strikingly increased. Although several features of remodeling (eg, squamous metaplasia, basement membrane thickening, collagen deposition, hyperplasia of mucous glands, and goblet cells) are features seen in both subgroups of C... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448243 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:22 +0100 2448243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2448244&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3qk34u68756pp43%2F Abstract  In patients with chronic and recurrent sinusitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux disease may play a significant role. Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease differs from gastroesophageal reflux disease in the extent of reflux (into the hypopharynx and above) as well as timing (occurring more often when the patient is upright). Most patients are unaware of the extent of their symptoms, and diagnostic tools such as pH probe, multichannel intraluminal impedance, and manometry are required for adequate diagnosis. Although therapy with lifestyle modification and acid-suppressive agents may improve reflux in the majority of patients, for many with persistent symptoms, endoscopic or surgical intervention is required to reduce reflux successfully. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2448244 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:10:21 +0100 2448244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342311&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw227nl671231412q%2F Abstract  Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common comorbidities in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Parents often attribute these GI symptoms to food allergy (FA), although an evaluation for IgE-mediated FA is often unrevealing. Our previous studies indicated a high prevalence of non-IgE-mediated FA in young children with ASDs. Therefore, non-IgE-mediated FA may account for some but not all GI symptoms observed in children with ASDs. This raises the question of what treatment measures are applicable to ASD children with GI symptoms. A wide variety of dietary supplements and dietary intervention measures for ASD children have been promoted by medical professionals practicing complementary and alternative medicine despite the lack of rigorous scientific valid... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342311 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:11 +0100 2342311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342312&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm070g108010343qj%2F This article briefly reviews the epidemiology of fatal anaphylactic reactions to foods, discusses factors that may aid in identifying individuals at higher risk, emphasizes important aspects of patient education and prevention, and touches on the psychological impact of having a family member with food allergy. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0027-0Authors Dan Atkins, National Jewish Health 1400 Jackson Street J301 Denver CO 80206 USAS. Allan Bock Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 3 / May, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342312 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:10 +0100 2342312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342313&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F58tp1x728763g487%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0026-1Authors Marek L. Kowalski Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 3 / May, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342313 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:09 +0100 2342313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342315&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F43550q40847r4774%2F Abstract  Odontogenic etiology accounts for 10% to 12% of cases of maxillary sinusitis. Although uncommon, direct spread of dental infections into the maxillary sinus is possible due to the close relationship of the maxillary posterior teeth to the maxillary sinus. If a periapical dental infection or dental/oral surgery procedure violates the schneiderian membrane integrity, infection will likely spread into the sinus, leading to sinusitis. An odontogenic source should be considered in individuals with symptoms of maxillary sinusitis and a history of dental or jaw pain; dental infection; oral, periodontal, or endodontic surgery; and in those people resistant to conventional sinusitis therapy. An odontogenic infection is a polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic infection, with anae... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342315 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:08 +0100 2342315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342314&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcw87uxr460m36257%2F Abstract  Rhinosinusitis is a common disease in children that is often overlooked. The clinical symptoms of acute rhinosinusitis are nasal blockage or congestion, nasal discharge or postnasal drip (often mucopurulent), facial pain, headache, and reduction in/loss of smell. Direct vision by nasal fibroendoscopy may aid the diagnosis. Regarding imaging criteria, recent consensus documents state that plain sinus x-rays are of limited utility, and CT remains the technique of choice, particularly in children with complications or very persistent or recurrent infections that are unresponsive to medical management. Antibiotics are the primary form of medical treatment for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, but they should be used when acute bacterial rhinosinusitis presents as persis... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342314 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:08 +0100 2342314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342316&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk64027j13163552q%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. Antifungal therapy is not routinely used to treat it. However, evidence implicating fungi in some forms of CRS recently has been published. Controversy exists as to whether fungi identified in sinonasal cultures are always pathogenic. Immunologic evidence supporting the role of fungi in the pathogenesis of CRS is also debated. Topical antifungal therapy is more widely used than oral therapy, with amphotericin B irrigation being the most common. Although some studies show benefit from this irrigation, others refute the efficacy. Although oral antifungal agents are used uncommonly, itraconazole is the most commonly used drug. The efficacy of oral itraconazole in CRS has never bee... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342316 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:07 +0100 2342316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342317&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjp2l2x6w22642j67%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogeneous group of chronic sinus diseases that may consist of clearly different disease entities. Further investigation of the pathomechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and the introduction of appropriate disease markers have recently facilitated disease classification. Evaluation of inflammatory cell profiles, the differentiation of T-effector cells, characterization of remodeling processes such as fibrosis or edema formation, and innate or adaptive immunity products such as Toll-like receptors and immunoglobulins all provide tools to identify distinct disease entities within the group of chronic sinus diseases. This disease differentiation will not only increase our knowledge of the pathophysiology of sinusitis but may lead to new... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342317 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:06 +0100 2342317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342319&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F235063h04k426527%2F Abstract  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition with a multifactorial basis. Infectious triggers of CRS have been proposed, but demonstration remains elusive. Evolving research suggests that abnormal host mucosal immune responses, rather than specific pathogens themselves, may underlie the chronic inflammatory state. Despite constant contact with airborne particulates and microorganisms, the sinonasal epithelium maintains mucosal homeostasis through innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that eliminate potential threats. Innate immunity encompasses a broad collection of constitutive and inducible processes that can be nonspecific or pathogen directed. Some innate immune pathways are closely intertwined with tissue growth and repair. The persi... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342319 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:05 +0100 2342319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342318&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa46r324727t03983%2F Abstract  Food allergy is an increasingly prevalent disorder with potentially life-threatening complications that requires life-altering changes in dietary habits and psychosocial interactions. The standard of care presently includes strict dietary elimination of the implicated allergen and ready access to injectable epinephrine; however, no active, definitive therapeutic options exist for food-allergic patients. Although the detailed immunologic mechanisms underlying the development of food allergy are still being fully defined, food allergy appears to be the direct result of a breakdown in oral tolerance. Thus, current therapeutic approaches to food allergy are focused on modulating the immunologic response to food proteins to promote induction of oral tolerance. In this ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342318 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:05 +0100 2342318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342320&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F950q36366170h8h7%2F Abstract  Antimicrobial therapy has been a mainstay of treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The roles of bacterial and fungal infection in the primary pathogenesis of CRS recently have been called into question. Although many different bacteria and fungi can be isolated from CRS patients, antimicrobial treatment directed at their eradication has met with mixed clinical results. Overall, macrolide antibiotics hold the most promise before surgery. Topical antibiotics are safe, efficient, and effective for treating acute bacterial exacerbations of CRS after endoscopic sinus surgery and may prevent the development of subsequent bacterial resistance. Topical treatment of CRS with antifungal agents both before and after sinus surgery is of limited benefit and should not be... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342320 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:04 +0100 2342320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2342321&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F13w9563271633577%2F Abstract  Airway challenges are of value in the assessment of asthma. Direct challenges (histamine and methacholine) are highly sensitive for clinically current symptomatic asthma and particularly useful to exclude current asthma when they are negative. Indirect challenges (exercise, eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation, adenosine monophosphate, hypertonic saline, mannitol) are more specific but very insensitive for clinical asthma. They are of particular value to confirm asthma and to differentiate asthma from other airway diseases, such as chronic airflow limitation. The indirect stimuli are the challenges of choice for evaluating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0036-zAuthors Donald W. Cockcroft, Royal University... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2342321 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 13:13:03 +0100 2342321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182684&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw490268167v87110%2F Abstract  Mucus in the airways is a complex mixture of water, lipids, glycoproteins, sugars, and electrolytes that serves as a lubricant for the epithelium. The efficient flow of respiratory mucus is a first level of immune defense that requires an appropriate viscosity and elasticity for optimal barrier and ciliary functions. Thickening and drying of airway mucus by respiratory tract infections, allergies, and drugs can impair evacuation. Tenacious, bothersome mucus is an annoying and frequent symptom of rhinitis that is difficult to manage. Common remedies include adequate hydration through fluid intake and nasal washes. The use of mucoactive agents is controversial due to limited data and equivocal efficacy in available studies. Nonetheless, some patients benefit. This r... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182684 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:56 +0100 2182684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182685&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd7502173525824l5%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0014-5Authors James N. Baraniuk Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 2 / March, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182685 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:54 +0100 2182685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182688&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk660072663227856%2F Abstract  Allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with histamine-mediated physiologic events. The currently used histamine antagonists are all inverse agonists that bind and inactivate histamine H1 receptors. Second- generation antihistamines are much more H1-receptor selective with less central nervous system penetration than first-generation agents. Antihistamines typically are more effective in seasonal than perennial AR and do not demonstrate significant relief of nasal congestion. The recent availability of some second-generation antihistamines as over-the-counter products clearly places them as the preferred first-line treatment for mild to moderate AR based on safety when compared with first-generation over-the-counter antihistamines. The remaining prescription-only sec... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182688 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:52 +0100 2182688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182687&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4277661px86u9270%2F Abstract  Many common treatments for rhinitis symptoms are inadequate or ineffective. This may be in part because the drug does not address the pathologically altered mechanism of the rhinopathy. Objective measures may not detect treatment effects, or the treatment end points may be only subjective in nature. In many cases, these issues have not arisen because of potent placebo effects. Understanding the psychological, pharmacologic, and physiologic components of placebos is important for separating true treatment effects from those of the excipients in the vehicle. Separating the wasteful and potentially harmful effects of those excipients from the harmless and often partially beneficial effects on temporary symptom control is an important issue in clinical pharmacology th... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182687 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:52 +0100 2182687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182686&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc6l3m8321r522145%2F Abstract  NSAIDs—including aspirin (ASA)—that inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 induce nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions consisting of attacks of rhinitis and asthma. Such reactions occur exclusively in a subset of asthmatic patients who also have underlying nasal polyps and chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis. We now refer to their underlying inflammatory disease of the entire respiratory tract as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. This review focuses on descriptions of these patients; methods available to diagnose ASA-exacerbated respiratory disease; the unique ability of all NSAIDs that inhibit COX-1 to cross-react with ASA; lack of cross-reactivity with selective COX-2 inhibitors; an update on pathogenesis; and current thoughts about treatment, includ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182686 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:52 +0100 2182686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182690&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj25218172463n3n2%2F Abstract  Over the past several decades, there has been increased awareness of the health effects of air pollution and much debate regarding the role of global warming. The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has risen in industrialized countries, and most epidemiologic studies focus on possible causalities between air pollution and these conditions. This review examines salient articles and summarizes findings important to the interaction between allergies and air pollution, specifically volatile organic compounds, global warming, particulate pollutants, atopic risk, indoor air pollution, and prenatal exposure. Further work is necessary to determine whether patients predisposed to developing allergic disease may be more susceptible to the health effects of air pollut... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182690 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:51 +0100 2182690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182689&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3877q3v171262514%2F Abstract  A growing number of studies show that regular use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) carries a dose-dependent risk of developing allergies in general and asthma in particular and of worsening other respiratory diseases and lung function. The most disturbing finding has come from the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, in which use of paracetamol—but not aspirin—in late pregnancy was positively associated with asthma when comparing children whose mothers took paracetamol “sometimes” and “most days/daily” with those whose mothers never took it. Assuming a causal relationship, the percentage of asthma attributable to paracetamol use in late pregnancy was 7%. In this review, we present data from the most important studies publishe... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182689 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:51 +0100 2182689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182691&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr64x17j463341v06%2F Abstract  The role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not clear. Fungi can be detected in the nose and paranasal sinuses of virtually all CRS patients; however, they also appear to be present in healthy controls. Various theories attempt to explain the mechanisms by which fungi can exert an effect on sinus mucosa in susceptible individuals. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of fungi in CRS, which fungal organisms (if any) are pathogenic, and what exactly characterizes the immunologic response to fungi that may result in the development of disease. However, in the absence of convincing immunologic data and evidence of clinical improvement of CRS after antifungal therapy, the case against the fungus remains unproven. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182691 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:50 +0100 2182691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182692&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F98u6748q554n2366%2F Abstract  Nasal allergy seems to be one of the important causes of chronic secretory otitis media (SOM) in children and adults. Chronic SOM is unequivocally related to disturbed function of the eustachian tube, which facilitates communication of the middle ear with the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and indirectly with paranasal sinuses. The most serious consequences of chronic SOM are decreased elasticity of the tympanic membrane and hearing impairment. Allergic reactions in the nasal mucosa leading to release of various mediators result in development of three types of nasal response characterized predominantly by nasal obstruction. Eustachian tube functions can be affected directly by the mediators released in the nasal mucosa or indirectly by the nasal obstruction. Nasal ch... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182692 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:48 +0100 2182692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182693&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq420375u47102601%2F Abstract  Rhinitis is a common chronic disease that significantly impacts morbidity, health care costs, work and school productivity, and quality of life. Therefore, appropriate management is paramount to help to reduce the burden of disease. In current clinical practice, there are no validated instruments widely used to assess rhinitis control. In this review, we describe the tools available for assessing nasal symptom control in patients with rhinitis. The recently developed Allergic Rhinitis Control Assessment is a promising tool with demonstrated validity, reliability, and ease of use. Health care providers are encouraged to use the rhinitis-specific tools and incorporate other objective measures, such as rhinoscopy and rhinometric techniques, when evaluating patients w... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182693 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:46 +0100 2182693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182695&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3qn87u6182u2342%2F Abstract  Asthma is generally characterized by fully reversible airway obstruction. However, a significant proportion of asthma patients demonstrate an incomplete reversibility of airway obstruction (IRAO) despite optimal treatment and the absence of a significant smoking history. Such partially irreversible airway obstruction may be due to residual airway inflammation, particularly of the eosinophilic type, and structural changes. Risks factors for IRAO include reduced pulmonary function early in life, frequent exacerbations, smoking, continuing exposure to a sensitizing agent, and adult-onset asthma. IRAO is associated with increased disease severity and increased asthma-related morbidity and mortality. Optimal asthma control, including prevention of asthma exacerbations,... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182695 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:45 +0100 2182695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182694&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy5m2w35h94570j60%2F Abstract  Even in the 21st century, some seeds of tradition remain firmly grounded regardless of the technological advancements of humankind. One such “tradition” involves using unconventional means—including mental healing, herbal formulas, and healing hand therapies such as acupuncture—to treat chronic illnesses. Although mental healing is unproven and energy therapy is not completely understood, acupuncture, herbal therapy, and sublingual immunotherapy have been described more extensively with mixed results that lack consistency and high-quality scientific data. Researchers are working to modernize these traditional therapies in the treatment of allergic disorders and using advanced technology to alter what some call “the earth’s natural healing power” in ho... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182694 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 07:20:45 +0100 2182694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033296&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk21764r0g53g0418%2F Abstract  Exhaled nitric oxide can now be measured in a clinical setting as a noninvasive, reproducible, facile, point-of-service test to measure airway inflammation, a central component of asthma that had not been assessed previously. An excellent surrogate marker of steroid-responsive eosinophilic airway inflammation, it serves to identify steroid-sensitive asthmatic patients and enables clinical monitoring of the response to steroid therapy and titration of the dose. Standardization of methodology and technological advances, such as the recent availability of handheld analyzers, individualized patient cards to store serial test measurements, and the assignment of coding procedural terminology, make this a necessary adjunct to clinical and functional assessment of airway ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033296 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:57 +0100 2033296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033295&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcl7p8735113jj711%2F Abstract  The field of asthma genetics has progressed rapidly over the past decade, implicating many genes and variants in the etiology of this complex disease. However, many of these factors have failed to replicate consistently, indicating a high false-positive rate and/or insufficient power for the detection of small effects. Technological limitations also have restricted the potential to detect novel mechanisms, fostering a dependence on existing knowledge. Since its inception almost 4 years ago, genome-wide association (GWA) has transformed genetic studies of multifactorial traits and yielded unprecedented insights into mechanisms of causation. Asthma is at the forefront of this revolution, as it uses GWA to map not only genetic determinants of clinical status but also... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033295 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:57 +0100 2033295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033299&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2v75104336q3151%2F Abstract  The treatment response to each of the three major classes of asthma medications—β agonists, leukotriene modifiers, and inhaled corticosteroids—demonstrates substantial interindividual variability. Evidence indicates that this variability is mediated, at least in part, by genetic factors. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the role of heritable factors in the response to pharmacologic therapy. The goal of pharmacogenetics is “predictive medicine,” whereby a genetic profile, combined with clinical characteristics, can be used to predict response to medications a priori, allowing for maximal therapeutic response while minimizing side effects. In this review, we discuss the rationale behind conducting asthma pharmacogenetics studies, provide an overview of asthm... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033299 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:56 +0100 2033299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033298&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft675378h15432023%2F Abstract  Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) refers to acute airflow obstruction that is triggered by a period of physical exertion. EIB occurs mainly in individuals with other features of asthma but is especially prominent in a subset of asthmatics with pronounced indirect airway hyperresponsiveness. Leukotrienes (LTs) play a critical role in the pathophysiology of EIB. Asthmatics who are susceptible to EIB have increased levels of cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs [ie, LTs C4, D4, and E4]) in induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate. Exercise challenge in individuals susceptible to this disorder initiates the sustained increase in cysLTs in the airways and an increase in the ratio of cysLTs to prostaglandin E2. The effects of cysLTs leading to secreted mucin release and smo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033298 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:56 +0100 2033298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033297&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F327165525q75l171%2F Abstract  Eosinophilic esophagitis has become a diagnosis familiar to allergists and immunologists who treat pediatric patients presenting with complaints of recurrent vomiting, feeding difficulty, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and food impaction. Over the past 3 years, published research has addressed several clinically important issues, including incidence among special patient populations, adult patients and familial cases, diagnostic features, natural history and complications, therapies with topical steroids, and pathogenesis with distinct genetic markers of the disorder. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0004-7Authors Amal Assa’ad, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Division of Allergy and Immunology 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati OH 452... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033297 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:56 +0100 2033297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033303&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp01g16783hp52748%2F Abstract  Anaphylaxis in the setting of general anesthesia is a rare but potentially lethal event. The investigation of severe reactions is important for confirming the clinical diagnosis and identifying likely causative agents and safe agents that may be used in the future. Many comprehensive reports have described the testing protocol of individual specialized units, whereas there has been no standardization of testing techniques or formal assessment of these tests’ diagnostic accuracy. We review the literature with reference to the recently published standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy (STARD) and make recommendations for future studies of diagnostic accuracy in the field. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0008-3Authors Karl E. Bleasel, ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033303 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:55 +0100 2033303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033302&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8kt184563q212834%2F Abstract  Food allergy is a growing public health and food safety concern. Twelve million Americans—4% of the population—suffer from the disease, and the prevalence is increasing. There is no cure for food allergy; strict avoidance is the only way to prevent a reaction. Food allergy is a major cause of anaphylaxis, a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that results in an estimated 30,000 emergency department visits and 100 to 150 deaths annually. Factors that place food-allergic patients at greater risk for a fatal anaphylactic episode include asthma; being a teen or young adult; peanut, tree nut, and seafood allergy; not carrying epinephrine; restaurant food; spending time in schools and child care settings; and lack of information from health care p... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033302 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:55 +0100 2033302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033301&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq7q0423071684042%2F Abstract  Effector memory T cells are uniquely specialized to mediate protective immunity. However, their excessive activation may result in the development of organ-specific inflammatory diseases, which have not been extensively studied. Fixed drug eruption (FDE), a localized variant of drug-induced dermatoses characterized by relapse in the same location, is a prototypic disorder mediated by excessive activation of effector memory T cells, which are resident in the lesional epidermis. A variety of clinical and pathologic features uniquely observed in FDE lesions can be explained by the presence of CD8+ intraepidermal T cells with the effector memory phenotype in the FDE lesion. This review focuses on how these T cells are generated, retained in the epidermis, and activated... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033301 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:55 +0100 2033301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033300&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F95l20v176607r57x%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0006-5Authors Phillip Lieberman Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 9 Journal Issue Volume 9, Number 1 / January, 2009 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033300 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:55 +0100 2033300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033306&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F605354423r218140%2F Abstract  Over the past decade, interest has grown in the role of vitamin D in many nonskeletal medical conditions, including respiratory infection. Emerging evidence indicates that vitamin D-mediated innate immunity, particularly through enhanced expression of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP-18), is important in host defenses against respiratory tract pathogens. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency increases risk of respiratory infections. This increased risk may contribute to incident wheezing illness in children and adults and cause asthma exacerbations. Although unproven, the increased risk of specific respiratory infections in susceptible hosts may contribute to some cases of incident asthma. Vitamin D also modulates regulatory T-c... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033306 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:54 +0100 2033306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033305&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn0556jg25725866l%2F Abstract  Mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by an elevated whole body mast cell number. Anaphylaxis is a severe, generalized hypersensitivity reaction with rapid onset. The problem of anaphylaxis and mastocytosis is due to strongly increased mediator release from the elevated mast cell number during allergic reactions. This explains the much higher prevalence of anaphylaxis in mastocytosis than in the general population and its severe and sometimes fatal course. Because of the increased risk of anaphylaxis in mastocytosis, all patients with severe or recurrent anaphylaxis should be analyzed for underlying mastocytosis by estimation of baseline serum tryptase. If this is elevated, patients also should be tested via skin examination for cutaneous mastocytosis and w... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033305 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:54 +0100 2033305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033304&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F782881u683l54487%2F Abstract  Current management of food allergy involves strict avoidance, education on recognizing and managing allergic reactions, and carrying an adrenaline autoinjector. This approach is burdensome and associated with reduced quality of life. Patients with food allergy would benefit greatly from a treatment that could achieve desensitization or long-term tolerance. Recent studies have shown that oral immunotherapy (OIT) can induce desensitization and modulate allergen-specific immune responses; however, it remains uncertain whether OIT can induce long-term tolerance. Nevertheless, successful desensitization provides a major advance in management by reducing the risk of reaction to low amounts of allergen. Allergic reactions during OIT are common, although severe reactions ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033304 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:54 +0100 2033304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2033307&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm4562h73j5l86g16%2F Abstract  Asthma is an increasingly prevalent disease, particularly in industrialized countries. With modern treatment, many patients can expect good asthma control; however, a significant minority continue to have excessive symptoms. Bronchial thermoplasty is a novel approach to treating asthma in which the hypertrophied airway smooth muscle present in the asthmatic airway is specifically targeted and depleted using thermal energy. In this article, we review the early animal and human development of the technique, summarize the randomized trials carried out in patients to date, discuss proposed mechanisms of action, and suggest directions for future work. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-009-0013-6Authors Neil MartinIan D. Pavord, University Hospitals of ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2033307 Wed, 10 Dec 2008 07:51:53 +0100 2033307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984991&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg20v526247588873%2F Abstract  Injection immunotherapy has been shown to be particularly beneficial in treating allergic rhinitis, mild to moderate asthma, and anaphylaxis caused by bee and wasp venom. It also produces a long-term, antigen-specific, protective immune effect and is the only treatment that offers the possibility of reducing the risk of asthma development in children with allergic rhinitis. Nonetheless, the potentially severe side effects associated with this form of immunotherapy limit its widespread use. Diverse preparations are being developed to increase its safety and improve its efficacy. These include alternative routes of administration, particularly the sublingual route; use of novel adjuvants, such as CpG oligonucleotides and mycobacterial vaccines; and other approaches,... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984991 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:03 +0100 1984991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984990&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1mr20793v7q711tq%2F Abstract  For this review, articles on immunotherapy dosing in pediatric respiratory allergy were identified via PubMed, through congressional abstracts for 2008, in reference lists of recent review articles, and via personal communication with experts. In pediatric subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), doses shown to be effective, mostly in aluminium-adsorbed preparations administered every 6 weeks, contain 20 μg of group 5 major allergen, 12 μg Bet v 1, 15 μg Fel d 1, and 5 to 20 μg Der p 1. Evidence indicates that SCIT prevents new sensitizations and asthma onset 7 years after discontinuation and reduces symptoms 12 years after a 5-year SCIT course, even though skin reactivity returns. Consistent evidence of effect exists for sublingual immunotherapy in pediatric respir... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984990 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:03 +0100 1984990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984989&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh62580151765l6v0%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Web AlertDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0086-7 Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 6 / November, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984989 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:03 +0100 1984989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984996&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6626xk35p71621w2%2F Abstract  Otitis media is one of the most common childhood infections and may result from a variety of underlying problems. Suspicion of immunodeficiency should increase when ear infections are frequent; suppurative; unresponsive to antibiotics; caused by unusual organisms; or seen in the context of other frequent infections, severe eczema, or failure to thrive. Humoral immune deficiencies, particularly with an inability to make antibody to encapsulated organisms, are the immunodeficiencies most likely to cause increased otitis media. Immune system evaluation should concentrate on humoral immunodeficiency disorders, but the presenting history and physical findings also should be considered when designing the work-up. Treating the underlying immune deficiency is usually nece... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984996 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:02 +0100 1984996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984995&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx1020j7n8l10t350%2F Abstract  A mounting body of physiologic and pathologic evidence indicates that asthma involves the central and the more distal airways. In patients with asthma, the peripheral lung accounts for a significant portion of airway resistance and, similar to the large airways, the small airways have been shown to be hyperresponsive to nonspecific stimuli, such as methacholine. Cellular inflammation, consisting of an infiltrate rich with lymphocytes and eosinophils, is present in the small airways of patients with asthma and may be more intense than that observed in the large airways. Clinical assessment of the peripheral airways continues to be a challenge, and new techniques, such as quantitative analysis of chest CT images, have proven to be useful research tools. The recognit... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984995 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:02 +0100 1984995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984994&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxl7708077005h082%2F Abstract  Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is intractable otitis media characterized by the presence of a highly viscous yellow effusion containing eosinophils. It occurs mainly in patients with bronchial asthma and is resistant to conventional treatments for otitis media. Here we discuss the clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of EOM. EOM predominantly affects women and presents most often in patients in their 50s. The clinical features of the middle ear in EOM are roughly divided into the otitis media with effusion type and chronic otitis media type. The latter is further divided into two subtypes: simple perforation and granulation tissue formation. EOM is often complicated by rhinosinusitis (eosinophilic sinusitis). High-tone loss is more frequently found and... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984994 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:02 +0100 1984994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984993&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp183267r55078t37%2F Abstract  In recent decades, the prevalence of atopic diseases such as asthma, hayfever, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has been steadily increasing. Unfortunately, more advances have been made in secondary prevention of symptoms and exacerbations than in primary prevention. One barrier to adopting prevention strategies is uncertainty regarding the cause of atopy. A genetic predisposition has been well documented. However, other factors, including diet, environment, infections, medications, and gastrointestinal flora, all play a role in the development of atopic disease. Modifying these factors holds promise for stopping the atopic march in the future. This paper reviews advances that have been made in the primary prevention of atopic disease. Content Type Journal Ar... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984993 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:02 +0100 1984993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984992&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F064u874l28826w27%2F Abstract  In addition to genetics, several environmental variables appear to impact allergic risk. Meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies presented in this article demonstrate a correlation between specific ambient exposures (eg, livestock, pets, endotoxin, and unpasteurized milk ingestion) and reduced allergic risk during childhood. Additional laboratory investigations discussed in this review characterized the intrinsic immunostimulatory activities of living environments. Considered together, results of these investigations suggest a novel paradigm by which early-life home exposures to microbial products and other allergen-nonspecific immunostimulants modify allergic risk. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0088-5Authors Kevin TseAnthony A. Horner, Uni... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984992 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:02 +0100 1984992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1985000&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F403j02714u22176l%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trials ReportDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0092-9Authors David P. Skoner Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 6 / November, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1985000 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:01 +0100 1985000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984999&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl14713v8413j6475%2F Abstract  The main goals of this review are to help the reader to recognize the common symptoms and signs of exercise-induced asthma and the common objective tests used to confirm or rule out the diagnosis and to understand that different forms and intensities of exercise have different asthmagenicity. The review also aims to help the reader to recognize some of the theories of exercise-induced asthma’s pathogenesis, to recognize management strategies (including medications), and to be able to identify medications placed on the 2008 prohibited list by the World Anti-Doping Agency and their therapeutic exemptions. It is also important to understand that respiratory symptoms associated with exercise are not necessarily asthma and that through safe participation in physical ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984999 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:01 +0100 1984999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984998&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5g351056p75q844p%2F This article reviews the current literature investigating the applications and success of immune modulatory oligonucleotides as immunotherapy to treat and prevent allergen-induced eustachian tube dysfunction in animal models. Synthetic DNA-based immunotherapy agents composed of unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG ODNs) that bind to Toll-like receptors have been found to have tremendous potential as therapeutic agents and adjuvants. CpG ODNs can induce a shift in the cytokine profile and immune response that favors the T-helper type 1 pathway and suppresses the T-helper type 2 pathway. This makes CpG ODNs promising candidates for treating allergic diseases. Current CpG ODN studies have demonstrated prevention and treatment of acute allergen inflammation of the eustachian ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984998 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:01 +0100 1984998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984997&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm34052l06496w109%2F Abstract  Gastroesophageal reflux and extraesophageal reflux have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of otitis media. This is supported by recent studies revealing the presence of gastric pepsin in the middle ear space of children with otitis media but not in control patients without otitis media. Reflux’s role in otitis media appears to be most pronounced in younger children and those with purulent effusions. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0094-7Authors Zhaoping HeRobert C. O’Reilly, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology 1600 Rockland Road Wilmington DE 19899 USADevendra Mehta Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984997 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:01 +0100 1984997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1985001&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk9048124g4t0367h%2F Abstract  Airway remodeling in asthma is a complex process that involves structural changes in virtually all tissues of the airway wall. The histologic changes to the airways consist of epithelial proliferation and goblet cell differentiation, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle (ASM) growth, angiogenesis, matrix protein deposition, gland hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and nerve proliferation. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from inflammatory cells and structural cells contribute to remodeling. There are complex interactions among the various signaling pathways involving matrix metalloproteinases that are required for growth factor release. The physiologic consequences of remodeling are airway hyperresponsiveness from ASM growth and mucus hypersecretion fro... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1985001 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:50:00 +0100 1985001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901635&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F70421122583w0386%2F Abstract  Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are classified as members of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. It has recently become evident that the pathogenesis of the muscle disease for these two entities is likely not the same. Despite this observation, therapies directed at the muscle disease are similar, although therapy for the skin differs slightly. Corticosteroids remain the initial approach to management. The systemic dose of corticosteroids needed to control the disease, particularly the skin disease, is quite high; therefore, most authorities add a corticosteroid-sparing agent early. Some patients will naturally “burn out” the inflammatory component of their disease, but many have continuing disease activity that requires maintenance therapy. In this article, ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901635 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:46 +0100 1901635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901634&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5gr6vj43tt15861%2F Abstract  Asthma is an episodic respiratory syndrome caused by several pathogenic processes. This recurrent syndrome is associated with an accelerated decline in lung function and increase in airway obstruction over time. The reduced lung function is a consequence of tissue restructuring of all the components of the airway wall: 1) epithelium metaplasia; 2) altered quantity, composition, and distribution of extracellular matrix components; 3) microvascular remodeling; and 4) increase of airway smooth muscle mass. How these structural changes affect lung functions is not entirely clear. Deeper understandings of the altered structure and related functional impairment are important for gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying asthma. This review describes the tissue rem... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901634 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:46 +0100 1901634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901633&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp557q32l67233431%2F Abstract  Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C4, D4, and E4 are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. Research advances over the past several years suggest that cysLT1 also mediates the ability of cysLTs to modulate inflammation, immune responses, and airway remodeling. Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. LTB4, best known as a neutrophil chemoattractant, is now recognized to exert other impo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901633 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:46 +0100 1901633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901638&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F555023712v8t4l64%2F Abstract  Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a medical emergency characterized by systemic inflammation and critical ischemia. Neuro-ophthalmic complications occur early, with permanent vision loss in up to one fifth of patients. This mainly results from failure of prompt recognition and treatment. Diagnosis of GCA is often preceded by unrecognized symptoms, including constitutional upset and jaw claudication. Features predictive of permanent visual loss include jaw claudication and temporal artery abnormalities on physical examination. These patients often do not mount high inflammatory responses. Modern imaging techniques show diagnostic promise, and have led to an increased recognition of major artery involvement in GCA. However, temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standa... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901638 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:45 +0100 1901638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901637&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fen2438588w84270n%2F This article reviews the rationale and current evidence for their use in uveitis, scleritis, and orbital inflammation. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0054-2Authors Kira MichalovaLyndell Lim, University of Melbourne Macular Research Unit, Centre for Eye Research Australia 32 Gisborne Street East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 4 / July, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901637 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:45 +0100 1901637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901636&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe8731667293q76t6%2F Abstract  Intraocular inflammation, or uveitis, incorporates a diverse group of infectious and immune-mediated disorders. In addition, some conditions masquerade as uveitis. However, classifying uveitis according to anatomic location in adult and pediatric populations, and appreciating the effect of immune status and regional differences, refines the list of potential causes. In this way, a select few investigations can be performed, rather than a nondirected battery of tests. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0053-3Authors Claire HooperPeter McCluskey, 45-47 Goulburn Street Liverpool NSW 2170 Australia Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number ... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901636 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:45 +0100 1901636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901642&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3q488377u0737428%2F Abstract  Like other inflammatory dermatoses, the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been largely attributed to abnormalities in adaptive immunity. T helper (Th) cell types 1 and 2 cell dysregulation, IgE production, mast cell hyperactivity, and dendritic cell signaling are thought to account for the chronic, pruritic, and inflammatory dermatosis that characterizes AD. Not surprisingly, therapy has been directed toward ameliorating Th2-mediated inflammation and pruritus. Here, we review emerging evidence that inflammation in AD occurs downstream to inherited and acquired insults to the barrier. Therapy based upon this new view of pathogenesis should emphasize approaches that correct the primary abnormality in barrier function, which drives downstream inflammation an... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901642 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:44 +0100 1901642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901641&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb6283r5738428n74%2F Abstract  Itch, the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, has a significant impact on quality of life for patients with this disease. Various central and peripheral mediators have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of atopic eczema itch. Significant cross-talk occurs among stratum corneum, keratinocytes, immune cells, and nerve fibers, which are in close proximity to one another and induce itch. The impaired barrier function associated with the itch-scratch cycle further augments this vicious cycle. Recent advances in our understanding of itch pathophysiology shed light on peripheral and central neural sensitization of nerve fibers that contribute significantly to itch in atopic dermatitis. Recently, several new mediators have been described as associated with it... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901641 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:44 +0100 1901641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901640&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc4k1wm82872802n1%2F Abstract  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease traditionally involving interaction of genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Recent studies suggest psychoneuro-immunologic factors and emotional stress are important in its evolution. The observations that internal (bacterial infections) or external (psychologic) stressors may induce AD flares is explained by studies showing that stress impairs the skin barrier function and favors a shift in immunity toward a T helper type 2 cell/allergic response. Furthermore, those with AD appear to have an inherited hypothalamic deficiency that impairs normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Neuropeptides released in the skin may also mediate neurogenic inflammation, including mast cell degranulation. AD cause... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901640 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:44 +0100 1901640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901639&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc15m725670g7x40w%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0051-5Authors Constance H. Katelaris Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 4 / July, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901639 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:44 +0100 1901639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901643&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhw3164523227133r%2F Abstract  Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases encompass a distinct and growing clinical entity of multisystem inflammatory diseases with known genetic defects in the innate immune system. The diseases present clinically with episodes of seemingly unprovoked inflammation (fever, rashes, and elevation of acute phase reactants). Understanding the genetics has led to discovery of new molecules involved in recognizing exogenous and endogenous danger signals, and the inflammatory response to these stimuli. These advances have furthered understanding of innate inflammatory pathways and spurred collaborative research in rheumatology and infectious diseases. The pivotal roles of interleukin (IL)-1β in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in TNF recep... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901643 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:43 +0100 1901643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901644&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq77725782347h061%2F Abstract  Although commonly encountered in clinical practice, chronic urticaria (CU) remains difficult to treat. In contrast to acute urticaria, neither exogenous triggers nor specific immunoglobulin E are identified in most chronic cases. A body of evidence suggests that CU is represented within the spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Our understanding of the CU disease pathogenesis now recognizes a role for T cells, B cells, and autoantibodies, and intrinsic abnormalities of histamine-releasing effector cells, thus providing new targets of intervention beyond the current mainstay of often inadequate symptomatic treatment directed against histamine receptors and steroids, with their attendant morbidities. Agents previously used to treat other autoimmu... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901644 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:42 +0100 1901644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901645&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F012n6q600p62j577%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0045-3Authors Lyndon E. Mansfield, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-El Paso Director Western Sky Medical Research 1901 Arizona Avenue El Paso TX 79902 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 4 / July, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901645 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:41 +0100 1901645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1901646&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpg1370788t338134%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0044-4Authors Chul Hee Lee, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology 300 Gumi-dong Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do 464-707 South KoreaJi-Hun Mo Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 4 / July, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1901646 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 14:41:40 +0100 1901646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833282&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3022wl6557tw2806%2F Abstract  Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis depends on accurate diagnosis, which is difficult because of multiple clinical, radiographic, and immunologic criteria; unstandardized immunoassays; and its similarity to cystic fibrosis. Advances in chest CT interpretation, measuring serum Aspergillus fumigatus-specific antibodies and the T-helper type 2 chemokine thymus-activated-and-regulated chemokine, recognizing risk factors, should improve diagnostic accuracy. Oral glucocorticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment. Dose regimen and duration are not standardized, so expert recommendations are used. Inhaled steroids have not been proven to be effective. Due to relapse and toxicity, itraconazole has been added as second-tier therapy, supported by randomiz... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833282 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:24 +0100 1833282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833285&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh48w280333712w67%2F Abstract  Pollen food syndrome results from cross-reactivity between pollen-specific IgE and homologous proteins found in fruits and vegetables. These proteins can be grouped into several categories based on structure and include profilins, pathogenesis-related proteins, and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants. Although cooking the reactive fruits and vegetables has been shown to destroy IgE-binding epitopes, evidence suggests that the remaining linear epitopes can bind cross-reactive T cells and enhance T-cell activation in vitro. Several methods of diagnosing food allergies exist, including skin prick tests and double-blind food challenges; however, diagnosing pollen food syndrome depends almost exclusively on clinical history. Immunotherapy has been studied as a tre... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833285 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:23 +0100 1833285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833284&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6707406jm72ht23%2F Abstract  The buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has resulted in global climate change that is having a significant effect on many allergenic plants through increases in plant productivity and pollen allergenicity and shifts in plant phenology. Based on experimental studies, increased atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide have directly increased plant productivity. This has affected the total amount of pollen produced in some species. Research has also shown increased levels of birch allergen at warmer temperatures. Warmer temperatures have resulted in earlier flowering for many spring-flowering species in many countries, recorded through visual observations of flowering and by airborne pollen. Increases in the cumulative season totals of various pollen types also... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833284 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:23 +0100 1833284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833283&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1u6x02521721126%2F Abstract  Studies of structure and function of allergens using state-of-the-art technologies have led to a better understanding of allergenicity, including aspects related to cross-reactivity, allergen nomenclature, and the identification of antigenic determinants. This information is being applied to the design and production of allergy vaccines, some of which already have proven efficacy and safety in clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0082-yAuthors Anna Pomés, Indoor Biotechnologies 1216 Harris Street Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 5 / September, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833283 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:23 +0100 1833283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833288&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F89617513k2v30053%2F Abstract  Recent advances in genetics and technology have led to breakthroughs in understanding the genes that predispose individuals to autoimmune diseases. A common haplotype of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene has been shown to be associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and primary Sjögren’s syndrome. STAT4 is a transcription factor that transduces interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and type 1 interferon cytokine signals in T cells and monocytes, leading to T-helper type 1 and T-helper type 17 differentiation, monocyte activation, and interferon-γ production. Although the evidence for this association is very strong and well replicated, the exact mechanism by which polymorphisms in this gene... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833288 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:22 +0100 1833288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833287&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0744248843882247%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0079-6Authors Robert K. Bush Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 5 / September, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833287 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:22 +0100 1833287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833286&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1472333578725021%2F Abstract  Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by mast cell activation, mucus hypersecretion, airway obstruction, influx and activation of eosinophils, and generation of a predominant T-helper type 2-based cytokine environment. In individuals with established asthma, acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization result primarily from pulmonary viral infection, such as with influenza, rhinovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism for viral exacerbation of the asthmatic response is unclear, but evidence points to a key role for chemokines, a class of cytokines that are important in leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory cell activation, and T-cell differentiation. In this review, we focus on the chemokines upregulated in acute viral-induced exacerbation and exam... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833286 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:22 +0100 1833286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833291&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx2u15j8p2t237602%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0074-yAuthors Sapandeep K. SinghDalia G. GaliciaDavid P. Huston Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 5 / September, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833291 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:21 +0100 1833291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833290&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7rm1n718q742v616%2F Abstract  Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a complex primary immunodeficiency characterized by high serum IgE, chronic eczematoid dermatitis, and recurrent extracellular bacterial infections. Two types of HIES have been reported: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 HIES displays abnormalities in multiple systems, including the skeletal, dental, and immune systems, whereas type 2 shows abnormalities confined to the immune system. We recently identified hypomorphic mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene in type 1 HIES and a null mutation in the tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) gene, accompanied by susceptibility to intracellular bacteria in type 2 HIES. Analyses of cytokine responses in both types of HIES revealed that severe defects in the signal transduct... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833290 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:21 +0100 1833290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833289&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp40586n201760g57%2F This article reviews the evidence to support this idea, considering data from human studies and results from investigations into the protective effects of nematodes in animal models of allergic disease. The evidence strongly favors a protective role for nematodes; thus, the search is on to find the molecules involved, with a view toward using them for therapeutic purposes. The article also describes the nature and mode of action of recently characterized nematode-derived molecules with antiallergic properties and highlights their therapeutic efficacy in allergy models. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0076-9Authors William Harnett, University of Strathclyde Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences 27 Taylor Street Glasgow G4 0NR UKMargaret M. Ha... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833289 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:21 +0100 1833289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833293&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F64926300th571243%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0073-z Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 5 / September, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833293 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:20 +0100 1833293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833292&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnx34735704612758%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0072-0Authors E. FlorvaagS. G. O. Johansson, Karolinska University Hospital Department of Clinical Immunology Solna, L2:04 S-171 76 Stockholm Sweden Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 5 / September, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833292 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:20 +0100 1833292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833294&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm475253696416261%2F Abstract  Agammaglobulinemia is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by an early block of B-cell development in the bone marrow resulting in the absence of peripheral B cells and low/absent immunoglobulin serum levels. Mutations in the Bruton tyrosine kinase and in components of the pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR), such as μ heavy chain, surrogate light chain, and Igα have been found in 85% to 90% of patients affected by this disease. Here we review the recent advances in the characterization of molecular defects underlying an early block in B-cell development, focusing on the novel finding of the first two patients with agammaglobulinemia caused by mutations in Igβ, the transmembrane protein that associates with Igα as part of the pre-BCR complex. Characterizati... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833294 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:33:18 +0100 1833294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833295&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ftkh418962520w076%2F Abstract  Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus hypersecretion. Adaptive, antigen-dependent immunity is critical for asthma pathogenesis. Allergic asthma may involve adaptive and innate, antigen-independent immune responses. This review discusses the current evidence that associates innate immunity with allergic asthma pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the role of innate immune cells (eg, bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and dendritic cells) and molecules (Toll-like and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors) in modifying allergic immune responses. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0085-8Authors Carlos J... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833295 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:23:59 +0100 1833295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419108&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn7r270328u1p31qj%2F Abstract  The increase in food allergies among US children has led to greater awareness of the psychological impact on their families. A variety of negative effects can result from both the daily strain of food-allergy management and the constant vigilance and fear that this condition engenders. Most of these effects are normal and expected responses to having a child with a demanding condition filled with uncertainties. However, a small but substantial proportion of families living with childhood food allergy experience significant psychological distress and/or maladaptive coping responses that interfere with the child’s psychological and social development and family members’ optimal functioning. Health care providers must be aware of the psychological challenges thes... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419108 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:59 +0100 1419108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419110&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6u3nx26p2832214m%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0031-9Authors Dan Atkins Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 3 / May, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419110 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:57 +0100 1419110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419109&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe463k422t2116154%2F Abstract  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease affecting more than 10% of all children. Sensitization to foods triggers isolated skin symptoms in about 30% of children. These symptoms include immediate reactions within minutes after ingesting food without exacerbation of AD and early and late exacerbations of AD. It is important to identify clinically relevant sensitizations to foods using skin prick tests, a specific IgE blood test (ImmunoCAP; Phadia, Portage, MI, USA), and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges to initiate appropriate dietary interventions and avoid unnecessary dietary restrictions. Children with AD triggered by food allergens demonstrate a distinct immune response upon stimulation of their peripheral blood mo... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419109 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:57 +0100 1419109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419112&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm426m54623727516%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0029-3Authors Christian Andres, Technical University Munich Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biedersteiner Strasse 29 80802 Munich GermanyBenedetta BelloniMartin MempelJohannes Ring Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 3 / May, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419112 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:56 +0100 1419112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419111&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwpw33273773062q3%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0030-x Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 3 / May, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419111 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:56 +0100 1419111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419114&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F52l52586434j9218%2F Abstract  Asthma, which typically begins in childhood and is the most common chronic disease of childhood, has reached epidemic proportions. Asthma is associated with gene-environment interactions, and there is consensus that a “window of opportunity” exists early in life when environmental factors may influence its development. This review considers biologic and sociologic factors in the development of allergy and asthma. Meta-analysis of studies demonstrates that monoallergen reduction does not impact asthma prevention. However, multifaceted allergen reduction studies have shown clinical benefit. We propose that allergic diseases, including asthma, represent a dysfunctional interaction with our environment and that the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy heral... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419114 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:55 +0100 1419114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419113&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd282142m044x378l%2F Abstract  Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been associated with a variety of supraesophageal symptoms or diseases, including chronic cough, laryngeal disorders, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and oral cavity lesions. In this article, we review the relationship between GER and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms. Data in the published literature are frequently conflicting. Only a few studies are controlled, and an evidence-based approach provides weak support for a causal association between GER and ENT manifestations. The GER diagnostic method should be standardized utilizing new parameters, and the definition and diagnostic accuracy of ENT pathologies also must be better specified. A firm connection remains controversial, and further randomized trials are needed. Conte... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419113 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:55 +0100 1419113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419116&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl7q1766276870632%2F Abstract  The earliest description of a bacterial biofilm is likely centuries old. However, only in the past few decades has a wealth of knowledge developed pertaining to this bacterial form of existence. Biofilms have been implicated mainly in chronic disease states, and the current available treatment modalities for infection have demonstrated limited efficacy against bacteria in this form. There is evidence associating bacterial biofilm formation in chronic infections of the upper airway, and therefore we examine the possible role of a bacterial biofilm in chronic rhinosinusitis while drawing parallels with recent data from other bodily regions. Lastly, directions for contemporary biofilm research are reviewed and highlighted in terms of their application to chronic rhin... Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419116 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:54 +0100 1419116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1419115&cid=s_35927_3_f&fid=35927&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv4j8x356l06qk473%2F This article focuses on COX in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11882-008-0037-3Authors Josep M. GuilemanyJordi Roca-FerrerJoaquim Mullol, Hospital Clínic i Universitari c/Villarroel Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology 170, Barcelona 08036 Catalunya Spain Journal Current Allergy and Asthma ReportsOnline ISSN 1534-6315Print ISSN 1529-7322 Journal Volume Volume 8 Journal Issue Volume 8, Number 3 / May, 2008 (Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports) Current Allergy and Asthma Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1419115 Fri, 02 May 2008 05:40:54 +0100 1419115