MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Current Diabetes Reports' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 15:08:51 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660414&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgqk11574u6185340%2F This article provides an overview of the current literature and is intentionally focused on the identification of high-risk populations (both adult and pediatric) that will help to address the key issues around the prevention of T2DM in health care settings. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Translational Strategies for Diabetes Prevention (D Marrero, Section Editor)Pages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s11892-012-0255-xAuthors Susann Blüher, Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyJana Markert, Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanySabine Herget, Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyThomas Yates, Department of Cardiova... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660414 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:10:50 +0100 5660414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5660415&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl6p21330501812p5%2F Abstract  Temporal patterns over the past three to four decades have shown a close parallel between the rise in added sugar intake and the global obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) epidemics. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include the full spectrum of soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy and vitamin water drinks, are composed of naturally derived caloric sweeteners such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, or fruit juice concentrates. Collectively they are the largest contributor to added sugar intake in the US diet. Over the past 10 years a number of large observational studies have found positive associations between SSB consumption and long-term weight gain and development of T2D and related metabolic conditions. Experimental studies provide insight into poten... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5660415 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 07:05:05 +0100 5660415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5515813&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft123xx5133v41x23%2F Abstract  Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, which has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the developed world. Many of these birth defects can be attributed to pre-existing, or pregestational, diabetes in pregnancy, which significantly increases a mother’s risk of having a child with a major birth defect. Strict preconceptional and early pregnancy glucose control, supplementation with multivitamins and fatty acids, and lower glycemic dietary management have been shown to reduce the incidence of birth defects in experimental and epidemiologic studies. However, because more than half of pregnancies are unplanned, these methods are not generalizable across the population. Thus, better interventions are urgently needed. Bas... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5515813 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 06:57:30 +0100 5515813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5495217&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9738j512315222v0%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0250-7Authors Jodie Reider, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USAMary T. Korytkowski, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5495217 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 07:21:18 +0100 5495217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477101&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp2112168950v2376%2F Abstract  The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing significantly in the pediatric population. A strong family history of the disease suggests the involvement of genetic factors for diabetes development, but defining the molecular genetics of T2D in children is difficult due to a low number of subjects and the lack of robust diagnostic criteria. Thus, genetic studies of T2D have been carried out almost exclusively in adults. In this review, the genetics of T2D is summarized and options for discovering the missing heritability explored. The review concludes with a discussion of future research that will be required for determining genetic risk factors for pediatric T2D. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (M Freemark, Section Editor... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477101 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:09:51 +0100 5477101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477100&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy0q1861677064353%2F Abstract  The global obesity epidemic has led to dramatic increases in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among youth worldwide. In today’s clinical practice it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from T2DM as many children with T1DM are overweight at diagnosis. Numerous recent publications note a significant proportion of physician-diagnosed T2DM youth with evidence of pancreatic autoimmunity, exemplifying the challenges in distinguishing between T1DM and T2DM. The clinical implications of the phenomenon of antibody positivity in phenotypic T2DM youth, also referred to as “type 1.5 diabetes” (T1.5 DM), “double diabetes,” “latent autoimmune diabetes in youth” (LADY), and “hybrid diabete... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477100 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:09:51 +0100 5477100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5477102&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F78k65m35q41h4177%2F This article emphasizes the newest guidelines for diabetes screening in pregnancy while reviewing their potential impact on maternal and neonatal complications that arise in the setting of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Diabetes and Pregnancy (CJ Homko, Section Editor)Pages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0249-0Authors Jerasimos Ballas, Reproductive Medicine Department, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA, USAThomas R. Moore, Reproductive Medicine Department, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA, USAGladys A. Ramos, Reproductive Medicine Department, University of California San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-08... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5477102 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 18:09:50 +0100 5477102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5469477&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft82x1672j128v826%2F Abstract  The link between an adverse intrauterine environment and the development of disease later in life has been observed in offspring of pregnancies complicated by obesity and diabetes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. In this review, we highlight recent publications exploring the role of gestational diabetes mellitus in the programming of disease in the offspring. We also review recent publications aiming to identify mechanisms responsible for the “programming effect” that results from exposure to diabetes in utero. Finally, we highlight research on the role of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in an animal model of uteroplacental insufficiency where the offspring develop diabetes as a model by which an exposure to the mot... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5469477 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:53:30 +0100 5469477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5458567&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa374714858015526%2F Abstract  Among the factors predisposing to type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents, and young adults, the health and behavior of both the mother and father are critical. Prevention and treatment of parental nutritional disorders (including obesity and malnutrition), promotion of breastfeeding, and avoidance of overfeeding of young children are essential for childhood health and metabolic function. Focusing research and policy on parental influences on childhood health should reduce the risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes in future generations. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (M Freemark, Section Editor)Pages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0246-3Authors Sarah Bartz, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Ce... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5458567 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 16:58:14 +0100 5458567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441622&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq1v550w4015t0p02%2F Abstract  Poorly controlled diabetes before conception and during pregnancy among women with pre-existing diabetes can cause major birth defects and spontaneous abortions, as wells as abnormal fetal growth and development including an offspring who is small or large for gestational age, or predisposed to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in his/her lifetime. Conversely, for a woman with pre-existing diabetes, optimizing blood glucose levels before and during early pregnancy can reduce these risks dramatically. As insulin pump technology has evolved, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion has become a safe and reliable method for treating diabetes during pregnancy. Although pump therapy is often preferred by patients and some experts, insulin pumps have not ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441622 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:05:40 +0100 5441622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5432239&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj74350724m327746%2F Abstract  By its location between maternal and fetal bloodstreams the human placenta not only handles the materno-fetal transport of nutrients and gases, but may also be exposed to intrauterine conditions adversely affecting placental and fetal development. Such adverse conditions exist in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and have been associated with alterations in placental anatomy and physiology. These alterations are mainly based on changes on the micro-anatomical and/or even molecular level including aberrant villous vascularization, a disbalance of vasoactive molecules, and enhanced oxidative stress. The consequence thereof may be impaired fetal oxygenation and changes in transplacental nutrient supply. Although transplacental glucose fl... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5432239 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 17:31:37 +0100 5432239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5432240&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F442t7676729kh801%2F Abstract  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) from all causes of diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and is increasing in incidence, particularly as type 2 diabetes continues to increase worldwide. Despite advances in perinatal care, infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) remain at risk for a multitude of physiologic, metabolic, and congenital complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia and hyperviscosity, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and congenital anomalies, particularly of the central nervous system. Overt type 1 diabetes around conception produces marked risk of embryopathy (neural tube defects, cardiac defects, caudal regression syndrome), whereas lat... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5432240 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 07:01:42 +0100 5432240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422733&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fun753g03w561t420%2F Abstract  Hyperglycemia during critical illness is associated with adverse outcome. The proof-of-concept Leuven studies assessed causality, and revealed that targeting strict normoglycemia (80–110 mg/dL) with insulin improved outcome compared with tolerating hyperglycemia to the renal threshold (215 mg/dL). A large multicenter trial (NICE-SUGAR [Normoglycaemia in Intensive Care Evaluation and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation]) found an intermediate blood glucose target (140–180 mg/dL) safer than targeting normoglycemia. Differences in design and in execution of glycemic control at the bedside may have contributed to these results. In NICE-SUGAR (Normoglycaemia in Intensive Care Evaluation and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation), the blo... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422733 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:43:22 +0100 5422733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422734&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6172765212x2154v%2F Abstract  Hyperglycemia is frequently encountered in the inpatient setting and is distinctly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recent literature suggests an association between stringent glycemic control and increased mortality, thus keeping optimal glycemic targets a relevant subject of debate. In the surgical population, hyperglycemia with or without diabetes mellitus may be unrecognized. Factors contributing to hyperglycemia in the hospital include critical illness, use of certain drugs, use of enteral or parenteral nutrition, and variability in oral or nutritional intake as can occur when patients are prepared for procedures or surgery. A sensible approach to managing hyperglycemia in this population includes preoperative recognition of diabetes mellitus and risks... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422734 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:57:32 +0100 5422734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5361535&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnl74171h86371548%2F Abstract  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that is becoming more prevalent with recent population trends in obesity and advancing maternal age. A diagnosis of GDM not only increases risk for maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy, but also significantly increases a woman’s risk of both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the postpartum. Even women with milder forms of abnormal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy, specifically gestational impaired glucose tolerance, are at increased risk, justifying the recent recommendation to tighten the diagnostic criteria for GDM, thus implicating many more women. Risk factors that increase risk for future CVD among women with a history of GDM include postpartum... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5361535 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 05:43:31 +0100 5361535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5348482&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm2p1566076631243%2F Abstract  Diabetes affects approximately one quarter of all hospitalized patients. Poor inpatient glycemic control has been associated with increased risk for multiple adverse events including surgical site infections, prolonged hospital length of stay, and mortality. Inpatient glycemic control protocols based on physiologic basal-bolus insulin regimens have been shown to improve glycemia and clinical outcomes and are recommended by the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and the Society of Hospital Medicine for inpatient glycemic management of noncritically ill patients. The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act will catalyze widespread computerized medication order entry implement... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5348482 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 15:53:44 +0100 5348482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5348483&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe733321500v2w3g7%2F Abstract  The concept of prenatal flavor learning can be used to motivate women to eat healthy foods. The flavors of the foods in the maternal diet are found in the amniotic fluid swallowed by the fetus, with the fetus developing a preference for those flavors that is shown to persist in infancy. Furthermore, flavor preferences in infancy can persist into childhood and even into adulthood. Thus, the intrauterine environment may have a life-long influence on flavor preferences and healthy eating. This is an empowering concept for a pregnant woman: her baby will develop a preference for what she eats. However, education alone about this concept may not be sufficient to motivate behavior change. The evidence for health promotion strategies demonstrated to be effective in pregn... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5348483 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 06:04:42 +0100 5348483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5324424&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fal670l5x213vw2qk%2F Abstract  Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) plays an important role in management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus. The goals of inpatient MNT are to optimize glycemic control, to provide adequate calories to meet metabolic demands, and to create a discharge plan for follow-up care. All patients with and without diabetes should undergo nutrition assessment on admission with subsequent implementation of physiologically sound caloric support. The use of a consistent carbohydrate diabetes meal-planning system has been shown to be effective in facilitating glycemic control in hospitalized patients with diabetes. This system is based on the total amount of carbohydrate offered rather than on specific calorie content at each meal, which facilitates m... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5324424 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 15:48:36 +0100 5324424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5315199&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc2806381660754j8%2F Abstract  There has been major progress in recent years uncovering the genetic causes of diabetes presenting in the first year of life. Twenty genes have been identified to date. The most common causes accounting for the majority of cases are mutations in the genes encoding the two subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), KCNJ11 and ABCC8, and the insulin gene (INS), as well as abnormalities in chromosome 6q24. Patients with activating mutations in KCNJ11 and ABCC8 can be treated with oral sulfonylureas in lieu of insulin injections. This compelling example of personalized genetic medicine leading to improved glucose regulation and quality of life may—with continued research—be repeated for other forms of neonatal diabetes in the future. Content Type J... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5315199 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 16:06:47 +0100 5315199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5305014&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6877323457754m5%2F Abstract  Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) indicates the percentage of total hemoglobin that is bound by glucose, produced from the nonenzymatic chemical modification by glucose of hemoglobin molecules carried in erythrocytes. HbA1c represents a surrogate marker of average blood glucose concentration over the previous 8 to 12 weeks, or the average lifespan of the erythrocyte, and thus represents a more stable indicator of glycemic status compared with fasting glucose. HbA1c levels are genetically determined, with heritability of 47% to 59%. Over the past few years, inroads into understanding genetic predisposition by glycemic and nonglycemic factors have been achieved through genome-wide analyses. Here I review current research aimed at discovering genetic determinants of... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5305014 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 05:48:21 +0100 5305014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5297475&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd17m001810617739%2F Abstract  Sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) form an integral part of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel complex that is present in most excitable cell types. KATP channels couple cellular metabolism to electrical activity and provide a wide range of cellular functions including stimulus secretion coupling in pancreatic β cells. KATP channels are composed of SURs and inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir6.x) subunits encoded by the ABCC8/9 and KCNJ8/11 genes, respectively. Recent advances in the genetics, molecular biology, and pharmacology of SURs have led to an increased understanding of these channels in the etiology and treatment of rare genetic insulin secretory disorders. Furthermore, common genetic variants in these genes are associated with an increased risk for ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5297475 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 05:56:00 +0100 5297475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286309&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6t71j170l66l733j%2F Abstract  Mobile technology enhances the potential to assess, prompt, educate, and engage individuals with diabetes. The near-ubiquitous presence of mobile phones allows real-time contextually relevant support for diabetes self-care. We review the design of mobile interventions included in a recent meta-analysis. Although mobile programs can lead to improvements in glycemic control, many aspects, such as the role of the diabetes clinician, real-time features, and patient engagement have not been documented. Studies with the greatest impact on hemoglobin A1c integrated patient feedback and a role for clinicians. Research is needed regarding feasible and efficacious roles for clinical support in mobile interventions. Recommendations for design and research include the followin... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286309 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 05:52:17 +0100 5286309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286310&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft136576028155m5v%2F Abstract  In the context of a diabetes epidemic and health care workforce crisis in the United States, a national dialogue is needed to identify the pathways and mechanisms for training a cohort of behavioral diabetes researchers and clinicians. Over the past 40 years, the field of behavioral diabetes in the United States has emerged from a coalition of individual clinicians and researchers to a specialty field. At present, additional strategies are needed to expand the workforce to keep pace with the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the changing demographic trends. We review the training resources currently available and outline the challenges to trainees at all stages of career development. Recommendations include the following: establishing a Task Force for Beh... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286310 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 06:17:34 +0100 5286310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286311&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr625g7q7jv457364%2F This article provides an overview of the literature on diabetes medication adherence, with a focus on measurement issues. We also consider work conducted in other chronic illnesses, particularly HIV/AIDS, that may have value in guiding future directions of diabetes medication adherence research. We highlight the need for focused investigation on how characteristics of self-report methodologies affect the validity of patient responses and conclude with practical recommendations based on the current state of the science. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Psychosocial Aspects (Korey Hood, Section Editor)Pages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0229-4Authors Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USAHavah E. Schneider, Ferkauf Graduat... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286311 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 06:17:33 +0100 5286311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5274550&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl0177102v7540310%2F Abstract  Fueled by the successes of genome-wide association studies, numerous studies have investigated the predictive ability of genetic risk models in type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we review these studies from a methodological perspective, focusing on the variables included in the risk models as well as the study designs and populations investigated. We argue and show that differences in study design and characteristics of the study population have an impact on the observed predictive ability of risk models. This observation emphasizes that genetic risk prediction studies should be conducted in those populations in which the prediction models will ultimately be applied, if proven useful. Of all genetic risk prediction studies to date, only a few were conducted in popul... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5274550 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:46:17 +0100 5274550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5238593&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6722p43g35224707%2F Abstract  Qualitative research methodology is more recognized and valued in diabetes behavioral research in recent years. Qualitative methods help clinicians answer questions that quantitative research may not be able to answer, such as exploring patients’ motivations, perceptions, and expectations. This paper reviews recent (2005–present) rigorous qualitative studies of children, adolescents, and adult patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with the aim of answering the following research question: How has qualitative research contributed to our understanding of behavioral diabetes care? We focus on studies exploring patients’, health care providers’, and families’ interpersonal experiences of diabetes as well as patients’ psychosocial experiences of diagnosi... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5238593 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 15:40:27 +0100 5238593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5226859&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw7268225w6v27871%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0228-5Authors Enzo Bonora, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University and University Hospital of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, I-37126 Verona, Italy Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5226859 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 16:42:37 +0100 5226859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5226860&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq3443v2k05832603%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0227-6Authors Pierre-Jean Guillausseau, University Denis-Diderot Paris 7, Paris, France Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5226860 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:45:04 +0100 5226860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5226861&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc2804p0607134p18%2F Abstract  Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most widely studied complex genetic disorders, and the genes in HLA are reported to account for approximately 40–50% of the familial aggregation of T1D. The major genetic determinants of this disease are polymorphisms of class II HLA genes encoding DQ and DR. The DR-DQ haplotypes conferring the highest risk are DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01 (abbreviated “DR3”) and DRB1*04:01/02/04/05/08-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02/04 (or DQB1*02; abbreviated “DR4”). The risk is much higher for the heterozygote formed by these two haplotypes (OR = 16.59; 95% CI, 13.7–20.1) than for either of the homozygotes (DR3/DR3, OR = 6.32; 95% CI, 5.12–7.80; DR4/DR4, OR = 5.68; 95% CI, 3.91). In addition, some haplotypes confer strong pr... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5226861 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 15:53:27 +0100 5226861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5209646&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg141k11g3l80v563%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0225-8Authors Bo Ahrén, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, B11 BMC, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5209646 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 16:46:09 +0100 5209646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5196769&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg44243m58v1080j6%2F Abstract  People vary genetically in their susceptibility to the effects of environmental risk factors for many diseases. Genetic variation also underlies the extent to which people respond appropriately to clinical therapies. Defining the basis to the interactions between the genome and the environment may help elucidate the biologic basis to diseases such as type 2 diabetes, as well as help target preventive therapies and treatments. This review examines 1) some of the most current evidence on gene × environment interactions in relation to type 2 diabetes; 2) outlines how the availability of information on gene × environment interactions might help improve the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes; and 3) discusses existing and emerging strategies that might enhan... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5196769 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 05:52:40 +0100 5196769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5162818&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp117hph0r5884j33%2F Abstract  Adaptation to type 1 diabetes is optimized in the presence of ongoing family support and supervision. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand how family interactions influence adaptation to the illness. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature on family interaction in youth with type 1 diabetes. Recent advancements in the literature include greater specificity of types of parental involvement, attention to the role of fathers, acknowledgment of the impact of parental distress, increased use of observational methods, and awareness of the impact of culture. Continued parental involvement—particularly monitoring—in the management of diabetes care is important as children transition into adolescence, and the best outcomes are evi... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5162818 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 06:23:14 +0100 5162818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5162819&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk4207hr06x113648%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0220-0Authors Jose C. Florez, Center for Human Genetic Research/Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Building-CPZN 5.250, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5162819 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 06:17:00 +0100 5162819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5132655&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F76552v5151021546%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0221-zAuthors Marisa E. Hilliard, Center for Treatment Adherence, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USAKorey K. Hood, Center for Treatment Adherence, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5132655 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 06:05:58 +0100 5132655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5120241&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F35303304x46722r2%2F Abstract  Clinical islet transplantation has transitioned from curiosity to realistic therapy over the past decade. An estimated 750 patients have undergone intraportal islet-alone transplantation over this period, and a smaller subset received combined islet-kidney transplants. The primary benefit of successful islet transplantation has been to eliminate severe, recurrent hypoglycemia, a problem that has been hard to eliminate by other means in 15% of those with type 1 diabetes. The secondary benefit of independence from insulin has attracted patients, but has had limited sustainability previously, especially with a single-donor graft, but recent results from four independent centers suggest marked improvement in long-term outcome, with 5-year results now approximating sol... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5120241 Wed, 10 Aug 2011 15:43:46 +0100 5120241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5120242&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1183072157526046%2F Abstract  In spite of steady and remarkable progress, islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) continues to face two major bottlenecks: inadequate availability of human pancreatic donors and necessity to totally immunosuppress the graft recipients lifelong. Microencapsulation of the islet grafts within highly biocompatible and selective permeable biomembranes could obviate use of the immunosuppressants, while potentially offering the opportunity to use a wide array of insulin-producing cells, in active development, including xenogeneic pig islets. Although macrodevices and microcapsules, which essentially differ by size/configuration, and both serve for immunoisolation devices, have been used for many years with initial human applications, new ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5120242 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 19:51:47 +0100 5120242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5098414&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd70280480317p556%2F Abstract  The therapy of type 1 diabetes is an open challenging problem. The restoration of normoglycemia and insulin independence in immunosuppressed type 1 diabetic recipients of islet allotransplantation has shown the potential of a cell-based diabetes therapy. Even if successful, this approach poses a problem of scarce tissue supply. Xenotransplantation can be the answer to this limited donor availability and, among possible candidate tissues for xenotransplantation, porcine islets are the closest to a future clinical application. Xenotransplantation, with pigs as donors, offers the possibility of using healthy, living, and genetically modified islets from pathogen-free animals available in unlimited number of islets. Several studies in the pig-to-nonhuman primate model... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5098414 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 05:32:19 +0100 5098414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089010&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb76618176148k150%2F Abstract  Since the Edmonton trials, insulin independence can reproducibly be achieved after islet transplantation. However, a majority of patients resume insulin treatment in the first 5 years after transplantation. Several mechanisms have been proposed but are difficult to pinpoint in one particular patient. Current tools for the metabolic monitoring of islet grafts indicate islet dysfunction when it is too late to take action. Noninvasive imaging of transplanted islets could be used to study β-cell mass and β-cell function just after infusion, during vascularization or autoimmune and alloimmune attacks. This review will focus on the most recent advances in various imaging techniques (bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence optical imaging, MRI, and positron emission... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089010 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:53:22 +0100 5089010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5089011&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft366258l40u43101%2F Abstract  Currently available β-cell replacement therapies for patients with diabetes, including islet and pancreas transplantation, are largely successful in restoring normal glucose metabolism, but the scarcity of organ donors restricts their more widespread use. To solve this supply problem, several different strategies for achieving β-cell mass restoration are being pursued. These include the generation of β cells from stem cells and their subsequent transplantation, or regeneration-type approaches, such as stimulating endogenous regenerative mechanisms or inducing reprogramming of non-β cells into β cells. Because these strategies would ultimately generate allogeneic or syngeneic β cells in humans, the control of alloimmunity and/or autoimmunity in addition to re... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5089011 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:53:21 +0100 5089011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5080504&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx606534x8110g188%2F Abstract  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 300 individuals in the United States. The majority of genetic research to date has focused on the heritability that predisposes to islet autoimmunity and T1DM. The evidence so far points to T1DM being a polygenic, common, complex disease with major susceptibility lying in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 with other smaller effects seen in loci outside of the MHC. With recent advances in technology, novel means of exploring the human genome have given way to new information in the development of T1DM. The newest technologies, namely high-throughput polymorphism typing and sequencing, have led to a paradigm shift in studying common diseases such as T1DM.... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5080504 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 15:48:23 +0100 5080504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5070469&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw1538895r6707140%2F Abstract  The liver is the current site of choice for pancreatic islet transplantation, even though it is far from being an ideal site because of immunologic, anatomic, and physiologic factors leading to a significant early graft loss. A huge amount of alternative sites have been used for islet transplantation in experimental animal models to provide improved engraftment and long-term survival minimizing surgical complications. The pancreas, gastric submucosa, genitourinary tract, muscle, omentum, bone marrow, kidney capsule, peritoneum, anterior eye chamber, testis, and thymus have been explored. Site-specific differences exist in term of islet engraftment, but few alternative sites have potential clinical translation and generally the evidence of a post-transplant islet f... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5070469 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 15:47:42 +0100 5070469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5040522&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr1303t034046j225%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0214-yAuthors Carmen Fotino, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue (R134), Miami, FL 33136, USAAntonello Pileggi, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue (R134), Miami, FL 33136, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5040522 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 05:55:15 +0100 5040522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031062&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu44908501u52v175%2F Abstract  Insulin represents a life-saving therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes but, despite appropriate treatment, it prevents only partially long-term diabetic complications, while generating fatal hypoglycemic episodes. Islet transplantation gained attention because of its safety, effectiveness, and minimal invasiveness; however it remains a procedure reserved for a selected group of patients. The introduction of the Edmonton Protocol in 2000, based on a newly designed steroid-free immunosuppressive protocol, revamped the course of islet transplantation. The main goal of islet transplantation remains insulin independence, although the effect of islet transplantation can be more comprehensively evaluated in terms of frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and impact on di... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031062 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 06:00:50 +0100 5031062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5031063&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft23427115t04717x%2F Abstract  Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace destroyed β cells in autoimmune diabetes. Islets are transplanted into the liver via the portal vein; however, inflammation, the required immunosuppression, and lack of vasculature decrease early islet viability and function. Therefore, the use of accessory therapy and biomaterials to protect islets and improve islet function has definite therapeutic potential. Here we review the application of niche accessory cells and factors, as well as the use of biomaterials as carriers or capsules, for pancreatic islet transplantation. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0210-2Authors Danielle J. Borg, Preclinical Approaches to Stem Cell Therapy/Diabetes, Technische Universitä... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5031063 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 06:00:49 +0100 5031063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5010409&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F57613102n4167710%2F Abstract  The central role of T cells in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis is well established, but these cells continue to pose numerous challenges in understanding their dynamics and in following their modifications. Important progress has been recently made in pinpointing some novel antigens targeted by pathogenic T cells and the epitope sequences recognized. Studies on the interplay between effector T cells, their regulatory counterparts, and cells of the innate immune system have unraveled novel pathways and may inspire new therapeutic approaches. At the same time, the appreciation of the plasticity of regulatory T cells has raised important caveats on their use for cell-based therapies. Continuous development of T-cell assays exploring both pathogenic and regulatory player... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5010409 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 05:48:52 +0100 5010409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4986755&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7p7pj064v725645%2F Abstract  Screening programs designed to identify persons at risk for type 1 diabetes via genetic and antibody testing are controversial because they typically target children, provide only a crude estimate of type 1 diabetes risk, and offer no means of preventing the disease. For this reason, genetic and antibody testing for type 1 diabetes risk is usually limited to carefully conducted research studies. The psychological impact of such screening programs include cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae; the available literature has focused primarily on parents, and usually mothers, since the target of screening is usually infants or young children. Diabetes risk is a difficult construct to effectively communicate. Many individuals fail to accurately understand risk; ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4986755 Mon, 27 Jun 2011 17:51:29 +0100 4986755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4970951&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F63603qpm43m6t530%2F Abstract  Under physiological conditions and in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus systemic influences play a substantial role for function and survival of cells of the islet of Langerhans. Therefore, in vivo studies to understand islet biology are indispensible and imaging techniques are increasingly used for this purpose. Among the diverse imaging modalities currently only laser scanning microscopy (LSM) allows resolution and visualization of individual cells and cellular processes. To overcome limited tissue penetration and working distance of LSM and enable in vivo investigations of islet cell physiology, various experimental approaches have been developed. Especially, the recently developed imaging platforms have significantly improved the possibility to study islet... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4970951 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 16:22:45 +0100 4970951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4938329&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3r872n2673602578%2F Abstract  Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic and often disabling condition that affects a significant number of individuals with diabetes. Long considered a disease of the peripheral nervous system, there is now increasing evidence of central nervous system involvement. Recent advances in neuroimaging methods detailed in this review have led to a better understanding and refinement of how diabetic neuropathy affects the central nervous system. Recognition that diabetic neuropathy is, in part, a disease that affects the whole nervous system is resulting in a critical rethinking of this disorder, opening a new direction for further research. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0205-zAuthors Dinesh Selvarajah, Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teach... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4938329 Mon, 13 Jun 2011 05:34:57 +0100 4938329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4938330&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2817w3r6vm787q2%2F Abstract  Pancreas transplantation is a therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes. Advances in immunosuppression have reduced immunologic failures, and these are usually categorized as chronic rejection. Yet studies in our cohort of pancreas transplant recipients identified several patients in whom chronic islet autoimmunity led to recurrent diabetes, despite immunosuppression that prevented rejection. Recurrent diabetes in our cohort is as frequent as chronic rejection, and thus is a significant cause of immunologic graft failure. Our studies demonstrated islet autoimmunity by the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells, which mediated ß-cell destruction in a transplantation model. Biopsy of the transplanted pancreas revealed variable degrees of ß-... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4938330 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 06:32:26 +0100 4938330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904617&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F858256w4222254x1%2F Abstract  Autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) populations represent a novel treatment for therapeutic revascularization and vascular repair for diabetic patients with complications including diabetic retinopathy. Current therapies are applicable to late-stage disease and carry significant side effects, whereas cell-based therapy may provide an alternative by repairing areas of vasodegeneration and reversing ischemia. However, EPCs from diabetic patients with vascular complications are dysfunctional. Moreover, the diabetic environment poses its own challenges and complicates the use of autologous EPCs. Before EPCs become the ideal “cell therapy,” the optimal EPC must be determined, any functional dysfunction must be corrected prior to use, and the diabetic milie... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904617 Tue, 24 May 2011 16:03:40 +0100 4904617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904616&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg2641506n1w56w83%2F Abstract  Patients struggling with diabetes are at elevated risks for several sight-threatening diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR manifests in two stages: first, the retinal microvasculature is compromised and capillary degeneration occurs; subsequently, an over-compensatory angiogenic response is initiated. Early changes in the retinal microcirculation include disruptions in blood flow, thickening of basement membrane, eventual loss of mural cells, and the genesis of acellular capillaries. Endothelial apoptosis and capillary dropout lead to a hypoxic inner retina, alterations in growth factors, and upregulation of inflammatory mediators. With disease progression, pathologic angiogenesis generates abnormal preretinal microvessels. Current thera... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904616 Tue, 24 May 2011 16:03:40 +0100 4904616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904618&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy3626v8725081257%2F This article reviews the high rate of comorbidity between DPNP and depression/anxiety with a focus on why this pattern of comorbidity exists and what can be done about it. To accomplish this, the many physiologic similarities between neuropathic pain and depression/anxiety are reviewed as a basis for better understanding how, and why, optimal treatment strategies use behavioral and pharmacologic modalities known to improve both physical pain and symptoms of depression and anxiety. We conclude by highlighting that screening, diagnosing, and optimally treating comorbid depression/anxiety not only improves quality of life, these but also positively impacts DPNP pain. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0202-2Authors Rakesh Jain, Department of Psychiatry, T... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904618 Tue, 24 May 2011 16:03:39 +0100 4904618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4904619&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh73w265551966682%2F Abstract  Imaging of the retinal complications of diabetes mellitus is rapidly changing from the emergence of new technology such as optical coherence tomography. In particular, the characterization of diabetic macular edema is much easier for the clinician and there are new, more sensitive clinical research end points. However, our understanding of structure-functional relationships remains suboptimal and the classification of macular edema by optical coherence tomography continues to evolve. The classification of diabetic retinopathy severity continues to rely upon fundus photography, although the transition from film to digital photography presents both challenges and advantages. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0203-1Authors Ronald P. Da... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4904619 Mon, 23 May 2011 16:59:11 +0100 4904619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854712&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv227124x14083l36%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0201-3Authors Jennifer K. Sun, Beetham Eye Institute and Eye Research Section, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854712 Fri, 20 May 2011 16:10:35 +0100 4854712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854713&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4895681j66623xhw%2F Does Therapy Targeting Normal SBP of Less than 120 mm Hg Reduce Major CV Events in T2DM Patients? Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0200-4Authors Bijan Roshan, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854713 Fri, 20 May 2011 16:10:34 +0100 4854713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854714&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3j135072133w6727%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0199-6Authors Andrew J. M. Boulton, Manchester Diabetes Centre, 193 Hathersage Road, Manchester, M13 0JE UK Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854714 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:12:43 +0100 4854714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4854715&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5w6m4n180171m347%2F Abstract  Diabetic retinopathy is a major diabetic complication with a highly complex etiology. Although there are many pathways involved, it has become established that chronic exposure of the retina to hyperglycemia gives rise to accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that play an important role in retinopathy. In addition, the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is ubiquitously expressed in various retinal cells and is upregulated in the retinas of diabetic patients, resulting in activation of pro-oxidant and proinflammatory signaling pathways. This AGE-RAGE axis appears to play a central role in the sustained inflammation, neurodegeneration, and retinal microvascular dysfunction occurring during diabetic retinopathy. The nature of AGE formation and RAGE signaling b... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4854715 Wed, 18 May 2011 06:18:38 +0100 4854715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4832340&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8136ur543516244t%2F Abstract  The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Treatment of diabetes-related complications adds a huge financial burden on our health services, made worse in the current financial climate. The Eurodiale (European Study Group on Diabetes and the Lower Extremity) study was a prospective observational study conducted in 14 European centers in 2003 to 2004 and included data on characteristics of diabetic patients with foot ulcers, diagnostic and management procedures, health care organization, quality of life, and resource use. This was the first large multicenter study, included 1232 patients, and used an integrated approach for a multiorgan disease. The study has provided new insights into the intricacies involved in managing diabetic ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4832340 Sat, 14 May 2011 15:51:36 +0100 4832340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4822513&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb14715n25h651043%2F Abstract  The number of people with diabetic kidney disease continues to increase worldwide despite current treatments. Of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been identified in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress (more accurately described as increased levels of reactive oxygen species; ROS) is of major importance. The increase in ROS is due to both increased production and to decreased and/or inadequate antioxidant function. To date, human clinical trials with antioxidants have not been shown to be effective. This is likely due, at least in part, to the lack of specificity of current agents. Recent research has determined both major sources of high glucose–induced cellular ROS production as well as high glucose–induced chang... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4822513 Tue, 10 May 2011 05:57:06 +0100 4822513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783167&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F482gn04m5q5298w2%2F Abstract  Systemic hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is accomplished when a patient is breathing 100% oxygen in an environment with increased barometric pressure. A typical HBO treatment protocol of diabetic foot ulcer involves 20 to 40 sessions. Treatment is usually given as daily 90- to 120-minute HBO sessions at pressures between 2.0 and 2.5 absolute atmospheres. The wide use of HBO as treatment of diabetic foot ulcers over the past decades has been founded on weak scientific ground (ie, few and small prospective studies with methodologic limitations on top of case series). However, the consistency in positive outcome in these trials evaluating HBO on ulcer healing is noteworthy because these findings are in concert with data from in vitro and physiologic studies supporting the th... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783167 Mon, 02 May 2011 05:43:12 +0100 4783167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4783168&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx3674455857l6017%2F Abstract  Lowering blood pressure may confer a benefit to diabetic microvascular complications comparable with glycemic control. Hypertension is causally related to kidney outcomes and is a risk factor for the development of diabetic retinopathy. The prevalence of hypertension increases as kidney disease progresses, so that it coexists with diabetes in up to 80% of those with overt nephropathy. A significant number of patients have hypertension or rising blood pressures in earlier stages, or even before microvascular complications appear. Because microalbuminuria markedly increases the risk of overt nephropathy as well as of cardiovascular complications, primary prevention (i.e., preventing or delaying the onset of microalbuminuria) continues to be explored, predominantly t... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4783168 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 08:45:17 +0100 4783168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4726080&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3mw10730858l252%2F Abstract  Diabetic foot ulcers affect almost 5% of the patients with diabetes and carry a huge physical, emotional, and financial burden. Almost 80% of amputations in patients with diabetes are preceded by a foot ulcer. The need for simple screening methods for prevention of foot ulcers and amputations is indisputable. Simple tests such as monofilament, tuning fork, vibration perception threshold determination, ankle reflexes, and pinprick sensation alone or in combination have been studied prospectively and can be used for identification of patients at risk. Newer tests examining sudomotor dysfunction and skin dryness have been introduced in recent years. In cross-sectional studies sudomotor dysfunction assessed by either sympathetic skin response or NEUROPAD™ (Miro Verb... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4726080 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 16:59:52 +0100 4726080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4687008&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb25vg20m17148054%2F Abstract  Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are incompletely understood. Microvascular dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and hypertension in obesity. Adipose tissue-derived substances (adipokines) and especially inflammatory products of adipose tissue control insulin sensitivity and vascular function. In the past years, adipose tissue associated with the vasculature, or perivascular adipose tissue (PAT), has been shown to produce a variety of adipokines that contribute to regulation of vascular tone and local inflammation. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms linking perivascular adipose tiss... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4687008 Mon, 04 Apr 2011 05:39:22 +0100 4687008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645057&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj5953t706h4r4482%2F Abstract  Several reviews recently explored how the gut microbiota was able to control host energy metabolism, and thereby the development of adiposity. In this review, we focused on the state of the art that supports a link between the gut microbiota composition and activity, and the management of glycemia associated with overweight and diabetes. Several microbial-derived compounds are related to disturbances of glucose homeostasis including the gram-negative–derived lipopolysaccharides. Some nutrients with prebiotic properties, which escape the digestion in the upper part of the gut, modify the composition of the gut microbiota in favor of bacteria that could play a beneficial role on glucose homeostasis, namely by modulating the endocrine function of the gut, and by re... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645057 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:56:06 +0100 4645057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645056&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft69876763q621t36%2F Abstract  Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health problem worldwide, but the currently available strategies for therapy and prevention are insufficient. Recent observations indicate that bile acid homeostasis is altered in T2D. Bile acids are metabolic regulators that act as signaling molecules through receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. The most prominent signaling molecules mediating bile acid signaling are the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane receptor TGR5. Both are implicated in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of these pathways might contribute to the development of T2D and associated complications. Interestingly, data from studies with bile acids or bile acid sequestrants indicate that the m... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645056 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:56:06 +0100 4645056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4645058&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F214x04j02802j932%2F Abstract  Based on the “lipotoxic” hypothesis, the free fatty acid flux from the excessive amount of adipose tissue toward the peripheral tissues would induce the development of insulin resistance especially when the triglyceride storage or the concentration of intermediate fat metabolites (diacylglycerides, ceramides) within the cytoplasm of these cells become excessive. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. NAFLD is associated with general and intra-abdominal obesity and with a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate metabolic pathways in the liver itself and in other tissues. There are animal models and models in human diseases sustaining the hypothesi... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4645058 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:56:03 +0100 4645058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4632600&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F25840152v58n3136%2F Abstract  Atherosclerotic occlusion of vessels outside of the heart is commonly referred to as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The lower extremity is the most common site of PAD and its development is associated with the same risk factors involved in general atherosclerosis. However, there is emerging evidence that other risk factors may play a key role in the development of PAD. Over the past decade polymorphism in a number of genes has been shown to contribute to the risk of developing PAD. These genes can be classified into proartherosclerosis or proatherothrombosis based on the known gene function. Moreover, they can be categorized as “novel” polymorphism when the function of the genes is not known or when the specific gene within an associated genetic locus is n... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4632600 Mon, 21 Mar 2011 18:56:51 +0100 4632600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623360&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh1p4j47775w08035%2F Abstract  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder among premenopausal women. In addition to infertility, PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, features of the metabolic syndrome, and an increased risk for diabetes. Similar to individuals with metabolic syndrome, many women with PCOS manifest abdominal obesity, suggesting adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue of women with PCOS is characterized by hypertrophic adipocytes and impairments in lipolysis and insulin action. The expression and secretion of a wide variety of adipokines implicated in insulin resistance, including adiponectin and others, are also altered in PCOS. Collectively, the available data indicate that adipose tissue dysfunction plays a central role in the m... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623360 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 02:52:26 +0100 4623360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4581913&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F91hq240316609410%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0185-zAuthors Michael A. Via, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 55 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USAJeffrey I. Mechanick, Metabolic Support, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4581913 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 18:05:31 +0100 4581913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4513688&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm1723w6366854678%2F Abstract  The vascular endothelium is the inner lining of blood vessels serving as autocrine and paracrine organ that regulates vascular wall function. Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as initial step in the atherosclerotic process and is well advanced in diabetes, even before the manifestation of end-organ damage. Strategies capable of assessing changes in vascular endothelium at the preclinical stage hold potential to refine cardiovascular risk. In vitro cell culture is useful in understanding the interaction of endothelial cells with various mediators; however, it is often criticized due to the uncertain relevance of results to humans. Although circulating endothelial cells, endothelial microparticles, and progenitor cells opened the way for ex vivo studies, a recent... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4513688 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 06:36:14 +0100 4513688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4513690&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff801016x74025446%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0181-3Authors Allison Schneider, Diabetes and Metabolism Translational Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 208 Park Street, Colchester Research Facility, 110C, Colchester, VT 05466, USARichard E. Pratley, Diabetes and Metabolism Translational Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 208 Park Street, Colchester Research Facility, 110C, Colchester, VT 05466, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4513690 Sat, 19 Feb 2011 07:07:06 +0100 4513690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4513689&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy712636481714503%2F Abstract  Metabolic syndrome is defined by a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors that are associated with insulin resistance. In recent years, a number of innovative nutritional strategies have been proposed as safe alternative treatments to reduce the morbidity as well as the cost of treating metabolic syndrome. Of these, dietary supplementation with chromium picolinate or cinnamon extract has been studied most extensively. These interventions may attenuate insulin resistance and reduce the cardiovascular risk factors that together comprise the metabolic syndrome. However, more clinical trials are needed to determine the dose and duration of such treatments to make specific recommendations for populations with metabolic syndrome. Content Type Journal Article... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4513689 Sat, 19 Feb 2011 07:07:06 +0100 4513689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4513691&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx26642788271n552%2F Abstract  Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that begins in childhood. Youth with T1D develop concerning functional cardiac and vascular defects and evidence of early atherosclerosis, despite modern advancements in risk reduction and glycemic management. Such early defects predict poor long-term outcomes. Women with T1D also have higher CVD risk than expected for unexplained reasons. Insulin resistance (IR) is recently recognized as a prominent factor in T1D youth and adults, but with an atypical clinical phenotype. This IR may contribute to early cardiac and vascular dysfunction and long-term CVD in T1D. A better understanding of potential contributors to cardiovascular dysfunction in T1D youth such as IR and... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4513691 Sat, 19 Feb 2011 07:07:05 +0100 4513691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4496142&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc642810820336311%2F Abstract  In obesity, the vascular complication is a result of insulin resistance, such as decreased capillary recruitment in skeletal muscle from endothelial insulin resistance. Recent progress in the study of obesity-associated inflammation suggests that vasculature dysfunction occurs in adipose tissue before insulin resistance. In obesity, capillary density and function fail to meet the demand of adipose tissue growth. The failure leads to microcirculation dysfunction from an impaired blood perfusion, which results in a local hypoxia response in adipose tissue. The hypoxia response in adipocytes and macrophages is a new cellular basis for the chronic inflammation. The obesity-associated inflammation has both positive and negative effects in the body. At the early stage, ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4496142 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 07:00:04 +0100 4496142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4461135&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg74x21k7plm2m064%2F The objective of this review was to search the scientific literature for advances in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes with nutritional supplements. Twelve databases were searched with a focus on extracting studies published in the past 3 years. The following nutritional supplements were identified as potentially beneficial for type 2 diabetes treatment or prevention: vitamins C and E, α-lipoic acid, melatonin, red mold, emodin from Aloe vera and Rheum officinale, astragalus, and cassia cinnamon. Beta-carotene was shown to be ineffective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Ranging from preclinical to clinical, there is evidence that nutritional supplements may be beneficial in the treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes. Health providers should investigate dru... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4461135 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 06:40:20 +0100 4461135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378789&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk1185668v7387347%2F This article will summarize research conducted over the past 2 years examining medical nutrition therapy for diabetes and obesity. It will also describe the unique challenges that come with treating this patient population. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0176-0Authors Gillian G. Arathuzik, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USAAnn E. Goebel-Fabbri, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378789 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:40:26 +0100 4378789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4378790&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbv1xj66m20441q83%2F Abstract  Sulfonylureas (SUs) are commonly used as add-on to metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients who are insufficiently controlled by metformin alone. They have good efficacy and have been shown to prevent microvascular complications. However, treatment with SUs is also associated with a high frequency of hypoglycemia, increased body weight, and a high risk of secondary failure. During recent years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as alternatives to SUs. They show similar efficacy as SUs but with lower risk of hypoglycemia, and reduction or no change in body weight, and if confirmed in humans, they may preserve islet function and thereby minimize the risk for secondary failure. Their limitation at present is the lack of long-term (&g... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4378790 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:40:25 +0100 4378790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4363456&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F106484225825h556%2F Abstract  Use of the term “fad diet” reflects the contentious nature of the debate in the treatment of diabetes and generally targets diets based on carbohydrate restriction, the major challenge to traditional dietary therapy. Although standard low-fat diets more accurately conform to the idea of a practice supported by social pressure rather than scientific data, it is suggested that we might want to give up altogether unscientific terms like “fad” and “healthy.” Far from faddish, diets based on carbohydrate restriction have been the historical treatment for diabetes and are still supported by basic biochemistry, and it is argued that they should be considered the “default” diet, the one to try first, in diseases of carbohydrate intolerance or insulin resis... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4363456 Sat, 15 Jan 2011 00:57:12 +0100 4363456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4345862&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy0603x861m243243%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s11892-011-0177-zAuthors Charles T. Upchurch, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, 420 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Box 801390, Charlottesville, VA 22906, USAEugene J. Barrett, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Virginia, 420 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Box 801390, Charlottesville, VA 22906, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4345862 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 07:34:19 +0100 4345862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4345864&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu371521j26635560%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0172-9Authors Osama Hamdy, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02481, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4345864 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 15:54:22 +0100 4345864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4345863&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F420470478w053011%2F Abstract  Medical nutrition therapy is the first line of treatment for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and plays an essential part in the management of type 1 diabetes. Although traditionally advice was focused on carbohydrate quantification, it is now clear that both the amount and type of carbohydrate are important in predicting an individual’s glycemic response to a meal. Diets based on carbohydrate foods that are more slowly digested, absorbed, and metabolized (i.e., low glycemic index [GI] diets) have been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, whereas intervention studies have shown improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycated hemoglobin concentrations in people with diabetes following a low GI diet. Resear... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4345863 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 15:54:22 +0100 4345863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4327602&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwv7u40wkm73j2226%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-4DOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0174-7Authors Anthony L. McCall, Diabetes and Hormone Center of Excellence, University of Virginia Health System, Box 801407, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4327602 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 14:51:46 +0100 4327602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319372&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe55q6764r1156426%2F Abstract  Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance reflect perturbations in glucose metabolism and define a prediabetic state in which risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increased. There is overlap between prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome, which itself increases the risk for T2DM and cardiovascular disease. The utility of medical interventions to prevent progression to diabetes in prediabetic individuals, many of whom also manifest metabolic syndrome, has been examined in several large clinical trials. Intensive lifestyle intervention consistently results in drastic reductions in the incidence of T2DM and reversal of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, pharmacotherapies—including metformin, acarbose, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide 1 ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319372 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 17:55:12 +0100 4319372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4319371&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn89833246183n237%2F Abstract  Medical nutrition therapy plays a major role in diabetes management. Macronutrient composition has been debated for a long time. However, there is increasing evidence that a modest increase in dietary protein intake above the current recommendation is a valid option toward better diabetes control, weight reduction, and improvement in blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of inflammation. Increasing the absolute protein intake to 1.5–2 g/kg (or 20–30% of total caloric intake) during weight reduction has been suggested for overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function. Increased protein intake does not increase plasma glucose, but increases the insulin response and results in a significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c. In... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4319371 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 17:55:12 +0100 4319371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4289194&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01t603j160704326%2F This article supports ongoing examination of nutritional complications after gastric bypass surgery and supports the notion that the daily doses of micronutrient supplements, such as vitamin D, may need to be revised. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0169-4Authors Bikram S. Bal, Section of Gastroenterology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USAFrederick C. Finelli, Department of Surgery, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USATimothy R. Koch, Department of Medicine and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, POB North, Suite 3400, 110 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4289194 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 20:23:52 +0100 4289194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4273090&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa84q16qu63t26n1w%2F Abstract  Both glycemic control and adequate nutrition support impact the clinical outcome of hospitalized patients. Providing nutrition to malnourished patients using the enteral or parenteral route may increase the risk of hyperglycemia, especially in patients with diabetes. Hyperglycemia can be managed through the use of enteral tube feeds with reduced carbohydrate content or limiting the carbohydrate concentration in parenteral formulas. Judicious use of insulin or other glucose-lowering medications synchronized with appropriate nutrition support allows for optimal inpatient glycemic control. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0168-5Authors Michael A. Via, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4273090 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 17:42:03 +0100 4273090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4267883&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd854h2k568836022%2F Abstract  The use of U-500 insulin in the management of highly insulin resistant diabetic patients is growing. There are a number of reports that have noted the effects of U-500 insulin using multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on hemoglobin A1c, weight, and total daily insulin dosage. The effect of U-500 insulin use on glycemic control, changes in body weight, total daily insulin dosage, incidence of hypoglycemia, and effect on lipid levels and blood pressure as well as patient satisfaction and quality of life will be reviewed. In addition, this article will delineate algorithms of U-500 use, compare multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and discuss U-500 insulin pharmacokinetics. Content Type Journal A... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4267883 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 16:05:35 +0100 4267883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4198128&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F16685t347p474p17%2F Abstract  Resistant hypertension is common among adults with hypertension affecting up to 30% of patients. The treatment of resistant hypertension is important because suboptimal blood pressure control is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. A frequent comorbid condition in patients with resistant hypertension is obstructive sleep apnea. The pathophysiology of sleep apnea–associated hypertension is characterized by sustained adrenergic activation and volume retention often posing treatment challenges in patients with resistant hypertension. This review will address some of the epidemiologic data associating apnea with the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension. Diagnosis and management of apnea and its associated hypertension will also be considered. Con... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4198128 Mon, 22 Nov 2010 13:22:35 +0100 4198128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4187432&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff5000p564372372n%2F Abstract  Diabetes has emerged as the modern day epidemic that is currently affecting over 220 million people worldwide and claiming at least 1.1 million lives in 2005 alone. The rise in diabetes is largely attributed to the epidemic of obesity together with sedentary lifestyle as well as unhealthy dietary habits. Despite evidence that glycemic control as well as control of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia decreases morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population, control of glycemia and other CVD risk factors remains largely suboptimal making the concept of prevention of diabetes very appealing to control CVD risk, especially that such a risk is already increased in people in the prediabetic stage. Several large contr... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4187432 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 20:58:24 +0100 4187432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4176418&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl1ur68p16268148q%2F Abstract  Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are leading joint risk factors for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the nationwide KEEP (Kidney Early Evaluation Program) an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or a urine albumin:creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g (3.4 mg/mmol) defines CKD. Overall in KEEP, the rates of identified CKD and self-reported CVD are 25.7% and 22.1%, respectively. The presence of CKD has been associated with younger ages of self-reported myocardial infarction and stroke. The combination of CVD and CKD in KEEP has been associated with shorter survival time. Finally, the presence of CVD or a prior history of coronary revascularization has been associated with modest... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4176418 Sat, 13 Nov 2010 06:47:48 +0100 4176418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165062&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4w3w5275x22n6608%2F Abstract  Since their introduction, insulin analogues are the preferred choice for short-acting insulin due to their superior pharmacologic profiles, leading to greater flexibility and convenience of dosing and, thus, greater patient satisfaction and improved quality of life. Over the past few years, clinical experience with insulin analogues in pregnancy has increased. The most studied, insulin lispro, has been shown to be a safe and clinically effective option in the treatment of the diabetic gravida. Studies of the other insulin analogues are limited, but promising. Further research is warranted to evaluate safety and efficacy of these analogues. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0160-0Authors Celeste P. Durnwald, Department of Obstetrics and Gynec... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165062 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 08:52:17 +0100 4165062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4160447&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1m4jk2nw1rn27402%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0165-8Authors Kyaw Soe, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USAAnis Alam, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USACharles Philip, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USAEdison Ruiz, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USAKeshwar Ramkissoon, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USASamy I. McFarlane, Division of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4160447 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 17:29:28 +0100 4160447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4160448&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F800276213012n031%2F In this report, we discuss epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggesting that sleep apnea is involved in the pathogenesis of altered glucose metabolism. In light of current evidence, sleep apnea treatment should be incorporated into existing pharmacotherapeutic regimens for optimal management of diabetes among diabetic patients with sleep apnea to reduce associated cardiovascular risk. Suggestions to improve practice guidelines in the management of diabetic patients with sleep apnea are provided. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0164-9Authors A. Pandey, Brooklyn Health Disparities Center, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 1199, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USAM. Demede, Brooklyn Health Disparities Center, Department o... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4160448 Wed, 10 Nov 2010 17:29:26 +0100 4160448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141251&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F843662815tu3x8h7%2F Abstract  Breastfeeding has many health benefits for women and their babies, but particularly if the woman is obese and/or had a pregnancy affected with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Women who have had GDM are at high risk for developing metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes, and their offspring are at greater risk for these metabolic disorders both in childhood and later in adulthood. There is considerable evidence that breastfeeding may attenuate these risks. The aim of this article is to present the most recent evidence on what is known about how breastfeeding can mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of obesity and GDM on both mother and child, and describe best practices that can support and sustain breastfeeding, particularly in racial/ethnic communities at ri... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141251 Fri, 05 Nov 2010 11:06:14 +0100 4141251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4141252&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk6562h6r38w1255h%2F Abstract  Sonography is a fundamental tool in the management of pregnancies affected by maternal diabetes. Purposeful use of ultrasound in each trimester provides an invaluable amount of information about the developing fetus including gestational age and growth patterns, anatomical structure and function, assessment of fetal well-being, and prediction of adverse outcome. There are great ongoing research efforts in this field of prenatal diagnosis and management, yet even more are needed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0158-7Authors Jennifer M. McNamara, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4911 Barnes-Jewish Plaza, 5th Floor Maternity Building, Campus Box 8064, Saint... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4141252 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:34:40 +0100 4141252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4135897&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F24201q2677vw0761%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0157-8Authors Carol J. Homko, General Clinical Research Center, Temple University Hospital, 3401 North Broad Street, 4 West, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4135897 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:34:39 +0100 4135897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4090211&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F682635330u2r4671%2F Abstract  Obesity prevalence in the United States has reached an alarming level. Consequently, more young women are entering pregnancy with body mass indices of at least 30 kg/m2. While higher maternal weight entering pregnancy is related to several adverse pregnancy outcomes, some of the strongest and most compelling data to date have linked prepregnancy obesity to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The mechanisms by which excess maternal weight influences metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy are similar to those in obese nonpregnant women; adipocytes are metabolically active and release a number of hormones implicated in insulin resistance. Heavier mothers are also more likely to have higher glucose levels that do not exceed the cutoff for GDM, but nevertheless predic... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4090211 Thu, 21 Oct 2010 05:59:27 +0100 4090211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4069024&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F682p118575668370%2F Abstract  The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic and vascular abnormalities that include insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia, central or visceral obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, and oxidative stress as well as prothrombotic and inflammatory abnormalities that contribute to a hypercoagulable state and systemic endothelial dysfunction. Visceral adipose tissue is now known to secrete into the circulation a number of protein and nonprotein factors that regulate glucose metabolism in traditional insulin-sensitive tissue as well as nontraditional insulin-sensitive tissue including cardiovascular tissue. Collectively, this constellation of factors that lead to metabolic dysregulation contributes to a substantial risk for adv... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4069024 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 16:52:50 +0100 4069024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4051898&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk15ut0311r48770m%2F Abstract  Obesity is a result of excess body fat accumulation. This excess is associated with adverse health effects such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The development of obesity has an evident environmental contribution, but as shown by heritability estimates of 40% to 70%, a genetic susceptibility component is also needed. Progress in understanding the etiology has been slow, with findings largely restricted to monogenic, severe forms of obesity. However, technological and analytical advances have enabled detection of more than 20 obesity susceptibility loci. These contain genes suggested to be involved in the regulation of food intake through action in the central nervous system as well as in adipocyte function. These results provide plausible biological pathways ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4051898 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 16:54:44 +0100 4051898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037823&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff4k0770wp545640w%2F Abstract  The goal of this article is to review the recent literature on measures of glycemic variability, links between glycemic variability and psychological functioning, and methods for examining these links. A number of commonly used measures of glycemic variability are reviewed and compared, including recently proposed methods. Frequently used measures of glycemic variability are also discussed in the context of research that uses continuous glucose monitoring for the collection of blood glucose data. The results of previous studies that have examined the link between psychological functioning and glycemic variability within relatively short-term time frames are reviewed. Methods for examining glycemic variability and its link with psychological functioning are discuss... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037823 Mon, 04 Oct 2010 13:19:42 +0100 4037823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4037824&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F321170kr57700563%2F Abstract  Patient web portals (PWPs), defined as the integration of electronic medical records and patient health records, have been related to enhanced patient outcomes. A literature review was conducted to characterize the design and evaluation of PWPs to improve health care processes and outcomes in diabetes. A summary of 26 articles revealed the positive impact PWPs have on patient outcomes, patient-provider communication, disease management, and access to and patient satisfaction with health care. Innovative and useful approaches included the evaluation of specific components of the PWPs, assessing the impact of PWPs on mediators of health behaviors, such as patient distress, identification of barriers to use, and patient willingness to pay for access. Future research ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4037824 Sat, 02 Oct 2010 05:56:58 +0100 4037824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4026222&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkw88476nl17g2065%2F Abstract  For the past two decades, genetics has been widely explored as a tool for unraveling the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many risk alleles for type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia have been detected in recent years through massive genome-wide association studies and evidence exists that most of these variants influence pancreatic β-cell function. However, risk alleles in five loci seem to have a primary impact on insulin sensitivity. Investigations of more detailed physiologic phenotypes, such as the insulin response to intravenous glucose or the incretion hormones, are now emerging and give indications of more specific pathologic mechanisms for diabetes-related risk variants. Such studies have shed light on the function of some loci but also underlined the complex nature... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4026222 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 07:03:06 +0100 4026222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4005733&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0x433764523p5182%2F The objectives of this review are to summarize and review the recent evidence showing alterations of these three biological systems—HPA axis, SNS, and inflammatory cascade—in depression, diabetes, and diabetes-related risk factors. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0148-9Authors Shivam Champaneri, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USAGary S. Wand, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USASaurabh S. Malhotra, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USASarah S. Casagrande, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USASherita Hill Golden, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, J... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4005733 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 16:52:40 +0100 4005733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4005735&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F718v213705325453%2F Abstract  Over the past 3 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of confirmed type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility loci, most arising through the implementation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, progress toward the understanding of disease mechanisms has been slowed by modest effect sizes and the fact that most GWAS signals map away from coding sequence: the presumption is that their effects are mediated through regulation of nearby transcripts, but the identities of the genes concerned are often far from clear. In this review we describe the progress that has been made to date in translating association signals into molecular mechanisms with a focus on the most tractable signals (eg, KCNJ11/ABCC8, SLC30A8, GCKR) and those in which hum... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4005735 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 16:52:39 +0100 4005735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4005734&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F72056669h6448v16%2F Abstract   TCF7L2 harbors the variant with the strongest effect on type 2 diabetes (T2D) identified to date, yet the molecular mechanism as to how variation in the gene increases the risk for developing T2D remains elusive. The phenotypic changes associated with the risk genotype suggest that T2D arises as a consequence of reduced islet mass and/or impaired function, and it has become clear that TCF7L2 plays an important role for several vital functions in the pancreatic islet. TCF7L2 comprises 17 exons, five of which are alternative (ie, exons 4 and 13–16). In pancreatic islets four splice variants of TCF7L2 are predominantly expressed. The regulation of these variants and the functional consequences at the protein level are still poorly understood. A clear picture of the... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4005734 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 16:52:39 +0100 4005734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3966829&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F052r7777701u3875%2F Abstract  Youth with type 1 diabetes are at high risk for psychosocial morbidities. These include depression, disturbed eating behavior, family conflict, poor health-related quality of life, low self-efficacy, and difficulty with medical adherence and metabolic control. A number of prevention interventions have been studied in this group, with the overall goal of improving adaptation and coping skills. This paper reviews the current research aimed at preventing poor outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes and recommends simple interventions that can be added to clinical encounters. Recommendations for future psychosocial prevention studies are also discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0145-zAuthors Naomi R. Fogel, Children’s Memorial Hospital... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3966829 Sat, 11 Sep 2010 15:39:45 +0100 3966829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3966830&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp7258u405876322n%2F Abstract  A large body of evidence indicates that the risk for developing chronic diabetic complications is under the control of genetic factors. Previous studies using a candidate gene approach have uncovered a number of genetic loci that may shape this risk, such as the VEGF gene for retinopathy, the ELMO1 gene for nephropathy, and the ADIPOQ gene for coronary artery disease. Recently, a new window has opened on identifying these genes through genome-wide association studies. Such systematic approach has already led to the identification of a major locus for coronary artery disease on 9p21 as well three potential genes for nephropathy on 7p, 11p, and 13q. Further insights are expected from a broader application of this strategy. It is anticipated that the identification of... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3966830 Sat, 11 Sep 2010 15:39:44 +0100 3966830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3955876&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq5l1224270014762%2F Abstract  Whole organ pancreas and pancreatic islet transplantation are currently the only forms of clinically available β-cell replacement. Both therapeutic options can provide good glycemic control and prevention or stabilization of diabetic complications, but at the price of permanent immunosuppression. Therefore, the indication for transplantation of type 1 diabetes patients must be balanced carefully and should be restricted to a subgroup of patients with extreme lability of metabolic control and frequent hypoglycemia despite optimal medical therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0146-yAuthors Barbara Ludwig, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, GermanyStefan Ludwig, Department of ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3955876 Thu, 09 Sep 2010 16:46:44 +0100 3955876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3948249&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84g363p012228882%2F Abstract  We review research on psychosocial interventions to improve outcomes for youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we discuss individual- and small group–focused, family-focused, group-focused, and other interventions. After reviewing extant research in each area, we discuss how the current evidence base may be used to inform clinical practice. Finally, we conclude by discussing variations in effects of interventions on different outcomes (eg, glycemic control, family functioning) and how to consider this evidence when selecting treatments to transport into clinical settings. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0142-2Authors Michael A. Harris, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Division of Psychology, Child Development & Rehabilitation Cente... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3948249 Wed, 08 Sep 2010 05:27:51 +0100 3948249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3948250&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm44347231r338116%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0144-0Authors Korey K. Hood, Center for Treatment Adherence, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7039, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3948250 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 17:25:35 +0100 3948250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3948251&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F57g7616322326x96%2F We present alternative views that may partly explain the apparent dearth of insulin resistance loci contributing to genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, rather than focus on traditional issues such as study design and sampling, which have been addressed elsewhere. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0143-1Authors Richard M. Watanabe, Departments of Preventive Medicine and Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP-220, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9011, USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3948251 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 17:25:34 +0100 3948251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3866034&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm5117pm1634k6914%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0141-3Authors Anette-G. Ziegler, Institut für Diabetesforschung, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health & Forschergruppe Diabetes, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyMarkus Walter, Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3866034 Wed, 11 Aug 2010 19:09:30 +0100 3866034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3818379&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4320554k8628g536%2F Abstract  Chronic pancreatitis is a rare disease in childhood. However, when severe, a total pancreatectomy may be the only option to relieve pain and restore quality of life. An islet autotransplant performed at the time of pancreatectomy can prevent or minimize the postsurgical diabetes that would otherwise result from pancreatectomy alone. In this procedure, the resected pancreas is mechanically disrupted and enzymatically digested to separate the islets from the surrounding exocrine tissue, and the isolated islets are infused into the portal vein and engraft in the liver. Because patients are receiving their own tissue, no immunosuppression is required. Islet autotransplant is successful in two thirds of children—these patients are insulin independent or require littl... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3818379 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 19:24:32 +0100 3818379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3818380&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu71j106384t444n4%2F Abstract  Common intestinal infections caused by human enteroviruses (HEVs) are considered major environmental factors predisposing to type 1 diabetes (T1D). In spite of the active research of the field, the HEV-induced pathogenetic processes are poorly understood. Recently, after the first documented report on HEV infections in the pancreatic islets of deceased T1D patients, several groups became interested in the issue and studied valuable human material, the autopsy pancreases of diabetic and/or autoantibody-positive patients for HEV infections. In this review, the data on HEV infections in human pancreatic islets are discussed with special reference to the methods used. Likewise, mechanisms that could increase viral access to the pancreas are reviewed and discussed. ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3818380 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 19:24:31 +0100 3818380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3800255&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl3w0753j50406u06%2F Abstract  Not only T cells but also B cells play a role in the autoimmune process. Both monoclonal antiCD3 and antiCD20 antibodies seem efficacious. However, such treatments need to be refined to minimize adverse events. Use of autoantigens to create tolerance is a concept with great potential. GAD65 treatment has shown efficacy without adverse events thus far, and administration of the insulin B chain shows interesting immunologic effects. Other more or less speculative approaches to modulate the immune process need further studies with good design. Risks that are too serious cannot be motivated. In addition, as the β cells may die even though the autoimmune process is stopped, protective measures may be valuable (eg, active insulin treatment, and perhaps interleukin-1 re... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3800255 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 17:45:51 +0100 3800255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3800256&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe8l74tj46854w8q1%2F Abstract  The portal vein is currently the site of choice for clinical islet transplantation, even though it is far from being an ideal site. Low oxygen tension and the induction of an inflammatory response impair islet implantation and lead to significant early loss. Even if enough islets survive the early implantation period to render insulin independence, few patients maintain it. Therefore, the search for an ideal site for islet transplantation continues. Experimentally, islets have been transplanted into the portal vein, kidney subcapsule, spleen, pancreas, peritoneum, omentum, gastrointestinal wall, testis, thymus, bone marrow, anterior chamber of the eye, cerebral ventricles, and subcutaneous and intramuscular spaces. Some of these sites are suitable for gathering sc... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3800256 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 19:49:56 +0100 3800256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3800257&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6220x5h93581837q%2F Abstract  Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from the progressive immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells in genetically susceptible individuals, with the likely contribution of environmental factors, among which viruses have been extensively studied. The pathologic hallmark of the disease is insulitis—a process characterized by islet infiltration of immunocompetent cells that has been well characterized in animal models of islet autoimmunity, and to a lesser extent, in humans. Insulitis characterization has provided valuable information to gain insights into the disease pathogenesis. We review the recent literature on the viral contribution to β-cell destruction and dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, with particular reference to t... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3800257 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 19:49:55 +0100 3800257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3796403&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg843246v921q1jl6%2F Abstract  For patients with type 1 diabetes, innovations in insulin formulations and delivery have improved the ability to achieve excellent blood glucose control. However, it is uncommon to achieve euglycemia, particularly while avoiding complications arising from hypoglycemia. Pancreas transplantation remains the only broadly applied treatment strategy that can result in normalization of blood glucose, but this must be weighed against the risks of a surgical procedure and subsequent immunosuppression. To improve this risk/benefit ratio, pancreas transplantation is typically performed in patients with kidney failure who are to undergo kidney transplantation and immunosuppression (simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant) or who have undergone kidney transplant and are oblig... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3796403 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 21:53:58 +0100 3796403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3778296&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq54l726x60875606%2F Abstract  Recent genome-wide association studies have been able to identify multiple new gene loci affecting type 1 diabetes susceptibility, but the impact of these new defined loci seems to decrease in parallel with their number. The HLA gene region remains the main nominator of genetic susceptibility, although the identity of important genes and especially the mechanisms of their action are still largely unclear. Products of HLA and most other known risk genes are involved in regulation of the immune system in accordance with the autoimmune nature of the disease. The multitude of genes involved in the pathogenesis implies complex pathways where multiple steps in each may be essential in turning the balance of immune response to β-cell destructing autoimmunity. Conte... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3778296 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 17:58:51 +0100 3778296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3778297&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8t30x40523271n11%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0134-2Authors Boaz Hirshberg, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Clinical Research Room C3C-718 A, 1800 Concord Pike PO Box 15437 Wilmington DE 19850-5437 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3778297 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 11:59:48 +0100 3778297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3778298&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy5754584k2319578%2F Abstract  Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a preclinical period of autoimmunity. It is well accepted that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease risk. Given that type 1 diabetes, and its preclinical autoimmunity, appear early in life, infant and childhood diet have been implicated as potential initiating exposures in the etiology of the disease. Several publications in the past year have provided further evidence for existing hypotheses regarding the roles of wheat, cow’s milk, omega-3 fatty acids, and the maternal diet during pregnancy. However, inconsistencies in findings between studies suggest the need for collaboration and standardization of study methods to move forward in research in this area. One such example ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3778298 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 11:59:20 +0100 3778298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3773941&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx138t1x6897n5m61%2F Abstract  Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common severe chronic diseases of childhood. Much of our knowledge of the epidemiology of diabetes in young people has been generated by large collaborative efforts based on standardized registry data, such as the DIAMOND Project worldwide and the EURODIAB study in Europe. These registries showed that although at the start of the 20th century childhood diabetes was rare, by the end of the century a steady increase in incidence had been reported in many parts of the world. However, epidemiologic data for temporal trends in pediatric diabetes are still lacking or are minimal for most of the global population of youth, including in the United States. In addition, the epidemiology of diabetes in youth is changing. As youth are beco... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3773941 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 07:49:28 +0100 3773941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3773940&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F757543861m4q63n7%2F This article reviews the impact of diabetes mellitus on inner and outer retinal visual and electrophysiologic function and advocates for a multimodal approach to the study of diabetic retinopathy. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0132-4Authors Gregory R. Jackson, Penn State College of Medicine Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology 500 University Drive, HU19 Hershey PA 17033 USAAlistair J. Barber, Penn State College of Medicine Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology 500 University Drive, HU19 Hershey PA 17033 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3773940 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 07:49:28 +0100 3773940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673724&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb8j6031vj5410381%2F Abstract  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that uses low-coherent interferometry to visualize an optical cross-section of biological tissues. Over the past two decades, the ability to perform OCT imaging of the neural retina has afforded clinicians and researchers a highly reproducible method of diagnosing and following diabetic macular edema (DME) that compares favorably to other methods of DME assessment such as clinical examination and fundus photography. Although central subfield mean thickness has been the OCT parameter most commonly used to evaluate DME in clinical research trials, OCT also allows evaluation of morphologic changes that occur in DME, including compact retinal thickening, intraretinal cystic changes, subretinal fluid,... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673724 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 09:30:41 +0100 3673724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3673725&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38751853045x5365%2F Abstract  The widespread epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suggest that both conditions are closely linked. An increasing body of evidence has shifted our view of adipose tissue from a passive energy depot to a dynamic “endocrine organ” that tightly regulates nutritional balance by means of a complex crosstalk of adipocytes with their microenvironment. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, particularly as observed in obesity, is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, impaired insulin signaling, and insulin resistance. The result is the release of a host of inflammatory adipokines and excessive amounts of free fatty acids that promote ectopic fat deposition and lipotoxicity in muscle, liver, and pancreatic β cells. This review fo... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3673725 Thu, 17 Jun 2010 09:30:40 +0100 3673725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3653995&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl468373875564218%2F Abstract  The triad of diabetes mellitus, anemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) define a group of patients at high risk for death and cardiovascular complications. The approval of epoetin alfa in 1989 transformed the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD. However, evidence has emerged from randomized controlled trials that correcting anemia with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in CKD patients is associated with increased risk. Most recently, the TREAT (Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events With Aranesp Therapy) study of anemic type 2 diabetic patients with CKD reported that treatment with darbepoetin conferred no benefit in mortality or in attenuating cardiovascular or renal events. Instead, there was a twofold higher rate of stroke and thromboembolic complications ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3653995 Thu, 10 Jun 2010 17:42:47 +0100 3653995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3653996&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh36083xg75307772%2F Abstract  Recent proteomic studies have identified components of the kallikrein kinin system, including plasma kallikrein, factor XII, and kininogen, in vitreous obtained from individuals with advanced diabetic retinopathy. In rodent models, activation of plasma kallikrein in vitreous increases retinal vascular permeability; whereas inhibition of the kallikrein kinin system reduces retinal leakage induced by diabetes and hypertension. These findings suggest that intraocular activation of the plasma kallikrein pathway may contribute to excessive retinal vascular permeability that can lead to diabetic macular edema. The kallikrein kinin system contains two separate and independently regulated serine proteases that generate bradykinin peptides: plasma kallikrein and tissue kal... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3653996 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 20:14:19 +0100 3653996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3650022&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnt2511654x52517x%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0125-3Authors Robert C. Stanton, Joslin Diabetes Center Division of Nephrology One Joslin Place Boston MA 02215 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650022 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 17:15:53 +0100 3650022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3650024&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm154p835629l717n%2F Abstract  Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) prevents the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). It is controversial whether the simultaneous use of two RAAS inhibitors (ie, dual RAAS blockade) further improves renal outcomes. This review examines the scientific rationale and current clinical evidence addressing the use of dual RAAS blockade to prevent and treat DKD. It is concluded that dual RAAS blockade should not be routinely applied to patients with low or moderate risk of progressive kidney disease (normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria with preserved glomerular filtration rate). For patients with high risk of progressive kidney disease (substantial albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate), clinicians should ca... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650024 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 17:15:52 +0100 3650024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3650023&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F64677141125214hq%2F Abstract  The hypertriglyceridemia of diabetes can be classified into mild to moderate (triglycerides between 150–499 mg/dL) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides ≥500 mg/dL). As in any other individuals with hypertriglyceridemia, secondary causes need to be excluded. The management of severe hypertriglyceridemia (chylomicronemia syndrome) includes aggressive reduction of triglycerides with intravenous insulin, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and/or niacin therapy to avert the risk of pancreatitis. In patients with mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia, the treatment of choice is statin therapy to achieve the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) target goals. The evidence base would favor niacin therapy in combination wi... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650023 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 17:15:52 +0100 3650023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3650025&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd35qk82357r1h0q5%2F Abstract  Among the spectrum of risk for diabetic foot disease conferred by chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has emerged as a novel independent risk factor. Apart from the classical triad of neuropathy, infection, and peripheral arterial disease that operate in these individuals, the risk is further compounded by inadequate foot self-care by patients and by dialysis centers not providing onsite foot care, as medical priorities are diverted to the dialysis itself. Consequently, the burden of diabetic foot disease has increased in the CKD and ESRD population as exemplified by high ulceration, amputation, and foot-related mortality rates. Current guidelines on foot care in diabetes should recognize advanced CKD and ESRD/dialysis as a separate risk f... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3650025 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 17:15:51 +0100 3650025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3583059&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F114p7u2664888107%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0121-7Authors Andrew J. M. Boulton, Manchester Diabetes Centre 193 Hathersage Road Manchester M13 0JE UK Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3583059 Wed, 19 May 2010 18:02:44 +0100 3583059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3565038&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F964768u000042742%2F Abstract  The DCCT/EDIC (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) provides a comprehensive characterization of the natural history of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes and provides insight into the impact of intensive insulin therapy in disease progression. The lessons learned about the natural history of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and the impact of glycemic control on neuropathy are discussed in this review. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0120-8Authors Rodica Pop-Busui, University of Michigan Medical School Department of Internal Medicine Ann Arbor MI USAWilliam H. Herman, University of Michigan Medical School Department of I... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3565038 Thu, 13 May 2010 08:58:57 +0100 3565038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3539921&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp2t90v4k27071313%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0117-3Authors Carol J. Homko, Temple University School of Medicine Departments of Medicine and OB/GYN 3401 North Broad Street, 4 West Philadelphia PA 19140 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3539921 Wed, 05 May 2010 07:57:17 +0100 3539921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3539922&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd13r8583w44175t4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Invited CommentaryDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0118-2Authors George L. Blackburn, Harvard Medical School Division of Nutrition Boston MA USASamuel B. Wollner, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine Boston MA USADaniel B. Jones, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Section Minimally Invasive Surgery 330 Brookline Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3539922 Tue, 04 May 2010 07:49:09 +0100 3539922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3531630&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpv82401k3560g41v%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0119-1Authors Adrian Vella, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Endocrinology 200 First Street SW Rochester MN 55905 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3531630 Sat, 01 May 2010 07:14:17 +0100 3531630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3481602&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg38m64110527m653%2F Abstract  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin action and insulin secretion. Although insulin resistance manifests early during the prediabetic state, a failing β-cell function unable to overcome insulin resistance at target tissues determines the onset of T2DM. This review focuses on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired regulation of the enteroinsular axis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are currently the subjects of intensive research. In addition, the adipose tissue has emerged as a major endocrine organ that secretes a growing list of adipocytokines with diverse central and peripheral metabolic effects. The role of a growing number o... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3481602 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 16:54:11 +0100 3481602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3469383&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4320422q86868820%2F Abstract  Blacks have a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that can be partly ascribed to the lower prevalent rates of some major components of MetS, namely the lower serum triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in blacks when compared with whites. Blacks manifest greater insulin resistance, the pivotal lesion underpinning MetS than whites. However, the relationships among insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are weaker in blacks than whites. The international bodies have recommended the use of European-based cutoff points for MetS for blacks. However, with the emerging inconsistencies in the association of insulin resistance and CVD risk factors in blacks, the use of these definitions and the cutoff point... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3469383 Mon, 12 Apr 2010 17:59:09 +0100 3469383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3450982&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn126r5856j71vllu%2F Abstract  The gastrointestinal hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), termed incretins, are essential regulators of normal glucose homeostasis. Research indicates that the incretin effect is impaired in type 2 diabetes, and this seems to be a consequence rather than a cause of type 2 diabetes. This review describes the defects in the incretin system seen in diabetic patients and discusses the potential roles of GIP and GLP-1 in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In addition, new information on clinical applications that exploit the enteroinsular axis to control blood glucose is discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0114-6Authors Dima L. Diab, University of Cincinnati Division of Endocr... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3450982 Mon, 05 Apr 2010 21:36:27 +0100 3450982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3430798&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0386396237723783%2F This article summarizes the current state of screening for gestational diabetes Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0109-3Authors Wadia R. Mulla, Temple University School of Medicine Department of OB/GYN 3401 North Broad Street Philadelphia PA 19140 USATasmia Q. Henry, Temple University School of Medicine Department of OB/GYN 3401 North Broad Street Philadelphia PA 19140 USACarol J. Homko, Temple University School of Medicine Department of OB/GYN 3401 North Broad Street Philadelphia PA 19140 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3430798 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 16:44:50 +0100 3430798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3430799&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjg430216p56w606q%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0106-6Authors Amy D. Otto, University of Pittsburgh Physical Activity and Weight Management Research Center Suite 600 Birmingham Towers, 2100 Wharton Street Pittsburgh PA 15203 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3430799 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 05:56:50 +0100 3430799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3430800&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhn7868x743v4uw57%2F Abstract  Once diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a woman has a sevenfold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes relative to women who do not have diabetes during pregnancy. In addition, up to one third of women with GDM have overt diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance identified during postpartum glucose screening completed within 6 to 12 weeks. Therefore, the American Diabetes Association, the World Health Organization, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists currently recommend postpartum glucose screening following GDM. However, despite this recommendation, in many settings the majority of women with GDM fail to return for postpartum glucose testing. Studies conducted to date have not comprehens... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3430800 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 05:56:48 +0100 3430800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3422257&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj73h4mh52006t00r%2F This article reviews the four most relevant epidemiologic papers that examined the association between depression and diabetes in the perinatal period and makes recommendations for future studies about how best to examine the association between these disorders during the perinatal period. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0108-4Authors Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik, University of Minnesota School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology and Community Health 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis MN 55454-1015 USABernard L. Harlow, University of Minnesota School of Public Health Division of Epidemiology and Community Health 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300 Minneapolis MN 55454-1015 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3422257 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 17:15:19 +0100 3422257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3422258&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh57517j45265234n%2F Abstract  Self-monitoring of blood glucose in women with mild gestational diabetes has recently been proven to be useful in reducing the rates of fetal overgrowth and gestational weight gain. However, uncertainty remains with respect to the optimal frequency and timing of self-monitoring. A continuous glucose monitoring system may have utility in pregnant women with insulin-treated diabetes, especially for those women with blood sugars that are difficult to control or who experience nocturnal hypoglycemia; however, continuous glucose monitoring systems need additional study as part of larger, randomized trials. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0111-9Authors J. Seth Hawkins, University of California, Irvine Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology 101 The... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3422258 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 17:15:18 +0100 3422258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3422259&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9l1773h885516226%2F Abstract  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. The definition of GDM does not preclude the possibility that unrecognized glucose intolerance may have existed before the pregnancy, and the definition applies whether insulin, oral antidiabetic agents, or dietary modification is used for treatment. Approximately 7% of all pregnancies in the United States are complicated by gestational diabetes resulting in more than 200,000 cases annually, but the prevalence ranges from 1% to 14% of all pregnancies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic tests used. Despite the better detection of GDM and recognition of its adverse consequences for mother and baby in many countries, ... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3422259 Mon, 29 Mar 2010 17:15:17 +0100 3422259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3409535&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fym77033684135l05%2F This article examines the literature over a 2-year period, focusing on studies directly comparing analogue and human insulin in controlled clinical trials and large observational studies documenting the introduction of, or change to, analogue insulin in clinical practice. Findings indicate that analogues provide objective benefits that include improved glycemic control, lower risk of hypoglycemia, lower glucose variability, and (for insulin detemir) reduced weight gain. Recent data with analogues also explore their safety and efficacy in special patient groups such as children and adolescents. These data complement increasing evidence that analogues offer improved acceptability and accessibility to people with diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0104-8Aut... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3409535 Thu, 25 Mar 2010 19:09:20 +0100 3409535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3409536&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx33472k3606857h6%2F Abstract  Patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for developing the metabolic syndrome or its individual components due to their lifestyle, suspected genetic predisposition, and exposure to antipsychotic medications that can cause weight gain and other metabolic side effects. Despite the availability of clinical guidelines, screening for and monitoring of metabolic problems in this patient population continue to be suboptimal. We provide an overview specifically addressing 1) why patients with schizophrenia are at increased risk for metabolic problems; 2) how commonly used antipsychotic medications vary in terms of their metabolic liability; 3) how to effectively screen for and monitor metabolic problems in patients receiving antipsychotic medications; 4) what in... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3409536 Thu, 25 Mar 2010 19:09:19 +0100 3409536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3392048&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F310887075841g085%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0107-5Authors Jennifer Villa, University of Vermont College of Medicine Diabetes and Metabolism Translational Medicine Unit, Colchester Research Facility 110C 208 South Park Street Colchester VT 05446 USARichard E. Pratley, University of Vermont College of Medicine Diabetes and Metabolism Translational Medicine Unit, Colchester Research Facility 110C 208 South Park Street Colchester VT 05446 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3392048 Sat, 20 Mar 2010 11:11:40 +0100 3392048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3380407&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpw26jx8275733624%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0105-7Authors Anthony L. McCall, University of Virginia Health System Diabetes and Hormone Center of Excellence Box 801407 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Journal Current Diabetes ReportsOnline ISSN 1539-0829Print ISSN 1534-4827 (Source: Current Diabetes Reports) Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3380407 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 15:51:58 +0100 3380407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360767&cid=s_35932_15_f&fid=35932&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj5u1286028038908%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical Trial ReportDOI 10.1007/s11892-010-0098-2Authors Christi Hayes, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USAAnis Alam, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USAJulie Black-Peart, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 50 Brooklyn NY 11203 USASamy I. McFarlane, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Division of Endocrinolo... Current Diabetes Reports journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360767 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:21:33 +0100 3360767