MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Cytokine' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 16:52:04 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638841&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22280957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leal SM, Pearlman E Abstract Fungal infections of the cornea are an important cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide, with contact lens wear being the main risk factor in the USA and other industrialized countries, and traumatic injury being the main risk factor in developing countries. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the host response to Aspergillus and Fusarium species in infected human corneal tissue and in mouse models of fungal keratitis. PMID: 22280957 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638841 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638844&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277799%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The levels of 27 of the 32 plasma cytokines measured indicate the following: (1) different cytokine concentrations and temporal patterns in the two strains may partly explain different radiation sensitivities and sequelae following irradiation; (2) many of the cytokines/chemokines exhibit similar temporal responses in the two strains. These responses suggest the potential value of using a panel of cytokine/chemokine temporal patterns for radiation dosimetry. Although radiation doses will be difficult to quantitate due to the large variation in levels and temporal responses exhibited in the two murine strains, serial measurements of cytokines might help identify subjects exposed to radiation. PMID: 22277799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638844 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638843&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277800%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang M, Chen Q, Xiao J, Zhao X, Liu C Abstract Published data on the association between CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and ovarian cancer risk are conflicting and heterogeneous. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed for heterozygous, homozygous, dominant model, recessive model and allele, respectively. A total of 15 case-control studies were identified, among which, 13 studies (1815 cases and 3501 controls) were eligible for CYP1A1 Ile(462)Val and nine studies (2495 cases and 3553 controls) were eligible for CYP1A1 Msp1. Overall, Ile(462)Val was significantly associated with ovarian cancer, with homozygous carriers (Val/Val vs. Ile/Ile: OR=2.64; 95%... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638843 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638842&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22277801%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bae S, Kang D, Hong J, Chung B, Choi J, Jhun H, Hong K, Kim E, Jo S, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim S Abstract Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is an inflammatory cytokine, and its activity is associated with various auto-inflammatory disorders as well as infectious pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and viral infections. However, the precise antiviral mechanism of IL-32 remains unclear. We assessed the IL-32 level in the sera of H1N1 influenza A patients and IL-32 level was significantly elevated. Next we examined the antiviral activity of recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ) with WISH cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) but no antiviral activity was observed. Therefore we investigated the supernatant of rIL-32-treated THP-1 cells since this cell line effectively responded ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638842 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638847&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266273%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes the use of a novel model of bacterial biofilms to stimulate oral epithelial cells and profile select cytokines and chemokines that contribute to the local inflammatory environment in the periodontium. Monoinfection biofilms were developed with Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis on rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. Biofilms, as well as planktonic cultures of these same bacterial species, were incubated under anaerobic conditions with a human oral epithelial cell line, OKF4, for up to 24h. Gro-1α, IL1α, IL-6, IL-8, TGFα, Fractalkine, MIP-1α, and IP-10 were shown to be produced in response to a range of the planktonic or biofilm forms of these species. ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638847 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638846&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266274%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the immunological and inflammatory regulation mechanisms of the placental environment play a key role in recurrent miscarriage. The observed trophoblast cytokine expression pattern at the maternal-fetal interface confirms the immunotrophic theory, as demonstrated by a switch from a T-helper-1 (Th1) profile to a T-helper-2 (Th2) profile in women who experience recurrent miscarriages. PMID: 22266274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638846 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638845&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kapitanović Vidak H, Catela Ivković T, Jokić M, Spaventi R, Kapitanović S Abstract Cerebral palsy (CP) is a nonprogressive motor disorder caused by white matter damage in the developing brain and is often accompanied with cognitive and sensory disabilities. The risk of CP is higher among infants born preterm than in more mature infants. Intrauterine infection/inflammation, activation of the cytokine network and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in neonatal blood or in amniotic fluid to which the preterm infant is exposed, has been identified as the most common cause of preterm delivery, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and CP. The aim of our study was to evaluate the possible association of four TNFα promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-1031 ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638845 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638849&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265022%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Formoterol treatment was seen to have no effect on the volumes and histopathological structure of endometriotic implants in our study. On the other hand, based on the group 2(F) and 4's (FF) VEGF levels after the treatment, low dose or high dose formoterol may be effective with long term therapy. Formoterol may reduce the development of endometriosis. PMID: 22265022 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638849 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638848&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laplana M, Fibla J Abstract Although persistent inflammation has been related to unsuccessful aging, a pro-inflammatory status is the common phenotype in older people. To assess for a genetic component in the inflammatory status of the oldest we studied the distribution of two polymorphic chemokine pathway genes, RANTES and CCR5, in elderly. RANTES -403G/A and RANTES Int1.1T/C polymorphisms and CCR5Δ32 polymorphism were genotyped in 104 elderly and 110 controls. RANTES -403A and RANTES Int1.1C alleles have been associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory status, respectively. CCR5Δ32 abrogates functional receptor expression of the pro-inflammatory CCR5-mediated action. Prevalence of RANTES -403G allele, associated in other studies with high RANTES production, ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638848 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620729&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Visser R, Arrabal PM, Santos-Ruiz L, Becerra J, Cifuentes M Abstract Some members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP-2 and -7) are currently used in orthopedic surgery for several applications. Although their use is considered safe at short term, the high doses of growth factors needed make these treatments expensive and their safety uncertain at long term. BMP-6 has been much less studied than BMP-2 and -7, but some authors suggest that this BMP might have a stronger osteogenic activity than the previously mentioned. Having in mind that angiogenesis plays a well-known role during bone formation, the aim of this work was to study the effect of combining BMP-6 with bFGF on both the growth and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts and rat bone marrow... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620729 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620722&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen YH, Kuo ML, Cheng PJ, Hsaio HS, Lee PT, Lin SJ Abstract Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21, both belonging to common γ-chain-signaling cytokine family, have an important role to maintain homeostatic proliferation of CD8(+) T cells. CD28, an essential co-stimulatory molecule on T cells, may be a marker of replicative senescence. We investigated the effect of IL-15 and IL-21, alone or in combination, on activation, apoptosis, cytokine production and cytotoxic function of magnetic bead purified umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood (APB) CD8(+) T cells with regards to their CD28 expression. We established that (1) IL-15-induced CD8(+) T cell proliferation was associated with a preferential expansion of CD28(-) population in UCB, which could be partially count... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620722 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620713&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261235%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: GCF cytokine levels were not strongly associated with serum cytokine levels in pregnant women with widespread periodontal inflammation but limited periodontal destruction. PMID: 22261235 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620713 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620730&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luzina IG, Lockatell V, Lavania S, Pickering EM, Kang PH, Bashkatova YN, Andreev SM, Atamas SP Abstract We have previously described an alternatively spliced isoform of IL-4 mRNA that omits exon 2 and is termed IL-4δ2. However, the natural production of IL-4δ2 protein and its association with disease have not been previously assessed due to unavailability of an antibody that interacts with IL-4δ2 without cross-reactivity with full length IL-4. We used a unique monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with IL-4δ2, but not with IL-4, and observed that IL-4δ2 is naturally produced by T cells from patients with asthma, but not from healthy controls. The kinetics of IL-4δ2 and IL-4 production by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-activated cells differed, with IL-4δ2... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620730 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620732&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22239947%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that IL-33 may be involved in RA pathogenesis and it may partly contribute to the bone erosion in RA patients. PMID: 22239947 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620732 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620731&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22239948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goihl A, Rolle AM, Kähne T, Reinhold A, Wrenger S, Reinhold D Abstract Quantitation of interleukin-16 (IL-16) in clinical blood samples has strongly increased, since IL-16 appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. IL-16 is synthesized in the cell cytoplasm as precursor protein (pro-IL-16), which can be processed by caspase-3 into N-terminal (N-IL-16) and C-terminal (C-IL-16) fragments. C-IL-16 is described to be subsequently secreted. Using commercially available IL-16 ELISA, a pro-IL-16 ELISA and immunoprecipitation analysis, we investigated, whether type and handling of blood samples influence IL-16 quantitation and whether existing IL-16 ELISA are specific for C-IL-16. We observed that cell-rich plasma samples reflect falsely-elevated... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620731 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577953&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226621%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo F, Zhou Z, Dou Y, Tang J, Gao C, Huan J Abstract The purpose of study is to investigate the effects of GEF-H1/RhoA pathway in regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated endothelial cells. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to LPS induced GEF-H1 and ICAM-1 expression in dose- and time-dependent up-regulating manners. Pretreatment with Clostridium difficile toxin B-10463 (TcdB-10463), an inhibitor of Rho activity, reduced LPS-related phosphorylation of p65 at Ser 536 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of TLR4 expression significantly blocked LPS-induced RhoA activity, NF-κB transactivation, GEF-H1 and ICAM-1 expression. Coimmunoprecipitation assay indicated that LPS-activated TLR4 a... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577953 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577952&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227092%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aims to investigate whether polymorphisms of the IL4 gene are associated with susceptibility to BA. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples of 53 Taiwanese children with BA and 904 ethnically-matched healthy controls. The IL4 -590 C/T, -33 C/T, and 8375 A/G polymorphisms were genotyped using the Pre-Developed TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay in a real-time polymerase chain reaction system. No significant difference between children with BA and healthy controls were found when comparing genotype, allele, carrier, and haplotype frequencies of these IL4 gene variants. These results suggest that the tested polymorphisms of IL4 gene are unlikely to contribute significantly to BA susceptibility in Taiwanese children. PMID: 22227092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577952 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577951&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227093%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on TLR2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts. In addition, we examined the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TNFα-induced TLR2 expression. Our results showed that TNFα increased TLR2 mRNA and protein expression. Microarray analysis and the inhibition of specific signaling pathways demonstrated that c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were involved in the regulation of TNFα-induced TLR2 expression in gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) regulatory enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), were found to regul... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577951 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577954&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22221522%26dopt%3DAbstract This study included 313 patients from Colombia serologically positive for Trypanosoma cruzi antigens (cardiomyopathic, N=159; asymptomatic, N=154). Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We found a significant difference in the distribution of the TNFA -1031C (p=0.0153, OR=1.69, CI=1.10-2.58) and -308A (p=0.0002, OR=2.60, CI=1.53-4.39) alleles between cardiomyopathic and asymptomatic subjects. In addition, we observed that the TNFR2 +676T allele was monomorphic in our population. Our results suggest that TNFA -1031C and -308A gene polymorphisms may influence the susceptibility to develop chagasic cardiomyopathy in the population under study. PMID: 22221522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577954 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577955&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217421%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garand M, Lin JH, Hill CE, Zagorac B, Koschinsky ML, Boffa MB Abstract Thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a plasma pro-carboxypeptidase, encoded by the gene CPB2, with roles in both inhibition of fibrinolysis and inflammation. In mice, plasma TAFI levels and hepatic CPB2 mRNA expression were found to increase within 24h after intra-peritoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. On the other hand, plasma TAFI in humans decrease in experimental endotoxemia and sepsis and we have previously demonstrated that CPB2 mRNA abundance in human hepatoma cells is decreased by inflammatory cytokines. Here, we have evaluated the effects of TNFα on mouse CPB2 expression. Treatment of primary mouse hepatocytes or the mouse hepatic cell line FL83B with TNFα for 12-48h re... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577955 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5577955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559893&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vinay DS, Kwon BS Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease is one of the most serious medical problems, affecting ∼1% of all people worldwide, irrespective of race. The disease is autoimmune in nature and characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues in multiple joints that leads to joint destruction. Although T cells are central players in RA development, B cells are required for full penetrance of disease largely via their production of autoantibodies against Fc domain of IgG rheumatoid factor (RF). Treatment options for RA are limited and if any, are inadequate due to associated side effects. Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily play important roles in a number of autoimmune diseases, including RA. In this review,... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559893 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559892&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209080%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, elevated urinary concentrations of IL6, sIL6R, TNFR1 and sVCAM-1 clearly indicate an early acute transplant rejection. Especially sVCAM-1 may also serve as an early marker of an upcoming late rejection. However, further studies are warranted to verify the value of individual cytokine profiles to predict acute rejection episodes. PMID: 22209080 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559892 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559894&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22209065%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: VEGF and epinephrine responses to acute hypoglycemia are reduced in T2DM patients who develop hypoglycemic coma. An increased plasma VEGF concentration appeared to be a protective factor against the development of hypoglycemic coma. PMID: 22209065 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559894 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559895&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22204827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salamon D, Adori M, He M, Bönelt P, Severinson E, Kis LL, Wu L, Ujvari D, Leveau B, Nagy N, Klein G, Klein E Abstract Type I interferons (IFN) exert multiple effects on both the innate and adaptive immune system in addition to their antiviral and antiproliferative activities. Little is known, however about the direct effects of type I IFNs on germinal center (GC) B cells, the central components of adaptive B cell responses. We used Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) lines, as a model system of normal human GC B cells, to examine the effect of type I IFNs on the expression of BCL-6, the major regulator of the GC reaction. We show that type I IFNs, but not IFNγ, IL-2 and TNFα rapidly down-regulate BCL-6 protein and mRNA expression, in cell lines derived from endemic, but not from sp... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559895 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548822&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Revoltella RP, Menicagli M, Campani D Abstract We studied the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and its receptors (GM-CSF.R) in 20 human brain gliomas with different tumor gradings and demonstrated constitutive high levels of both mRNA gene expression and protein production exclusively in the highest-grade tumors (WHO, III-IV grade). Five astrocytic cell lines were isolated in vitro from glioma cells, which had selectively adhered to plates pre-coated with rhGM-CSF. These cells were tumorigenic when xenografted to athymic mice, and produced GM-CSF constitutively in culture. Two lines, particularly lines AS1 and PG1, each from a patient with glioblastoma multiforme, constitutively over-expressed both GM-CSF and GM-CSF.R genes and secret... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548822 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548821&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200507%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnsen IB, Nguyen TT, Bergstrøm B, Lien E, Anthonsen MW Abstract Prolonged release of cytokines after activation of the innate immune system may lead to systemic infection and inflammatory diseases. Many cytokines with short half-lives contain adenine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated region (UTR), which mediate mRNA destabilization. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR3 and TLR4 induce immune responses via the adaptor proteins TRIF or TRIF and MyD88, respectively, leading to IFN-β production. The 3'-UTR of IFN-β mRNA contains an ARE sequence. We demonstrate that the TLR3 ligand dsRNA and the TLR4 ligand LPS induce stabilization of IFN-β mRNA transcripts in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In cells from TRIF(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice we found th... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548821 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548820&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200508%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the cytokine profile in women with late-onset GDM is characterized by high concentrations of TNF-α and leptin and low adiponectin. This profile is related, in large extent, to an increased pregravid BMI which, potentially, may be linked to the future development of both metabolic and cardiovascular disease. PMID: 22200508 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548820 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548823&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197776%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have described a combined cytokine score associated with a worse outcome in patients with sepsis, which may represent a new avenue to be explored for guiding treatment decisions in this disease. PMID: 22197776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548823 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548825&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189417%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: IL-10 evaluation might be used as an additional diagnostic tool for clinicians in excluding bacteremia or clinical sepsis in oncology patients with febrile neutropenia because of high NPV and specificity. PMID: 22189417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548825 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5548824&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22189418%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we used phage display peptide libraries to identify peptides antagonists that block the interactions between hCXCL8 and hCXCR1/2. Two linear hexapeptides (MSRAKE and CAKELR) and two disulfide-constrained hexapeptides (CLRSGRFC and CLPWKENC) were recovered by panning phage libraries on hCXCR1- and hCXCR2-transfected murine pre-B cells after specific elution with hCXCL8. Sequence analysis revealed homology between the linear hexapeptides and the N-terminal domain (1-SAKELR-6), whereas the constrained peptides are composed of non-contiguous amino acids mimicking spatial structure on the surface of folded C-terminal portion of hCXCL8 (50-CLDPKENWVQRVVEKFLKRAENS-72). The synthetic linear and structurally constrained peptides competed for (125)I-hCXCL8 binding to hCXCR1 and hCXCR2... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5548824 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5548824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533282&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yano J, Noverr MC, Fidel PL Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), caused by Candida albicans, affects a significant number of women during their reproductive years. More than two decades of research have been focused on the mechanisms associated with susceptibility or resistance to symptomatic infection. Adaptive immunity by Th1-type CD4(+) T cells and downstream cytokine responses are considered the predominant host defense mechanisms against mucosal Candida infections. However, numerous clinical and animal studies have indicated no or limited protective role of cells and cytokines of the Th1 or Th2 lineage against vaginal infection. The role for Th17 is only now begun to be investigated in-depth for VVC with results already showing significant controversy. On the othe... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533282 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533281&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrera D, Noyola-Martínez N, Avila E, Halhali A, Larrea F, Díaz L Abstract Preeclampsia is associated with systemic inflammation and increased expression of placental Th1-cytokines. IL-10 and calcitriol inhibit proinflammatory cytokines expression in human placenta helping to fetal allograft toleration. Regulation of placental IL-10 by calcitriol and Th-1 cytokines has not yet been fully elucidated. Since it is believed that calcitriol promotes a shift from a Th1- to a Th2 profile, we hypothesized that it would stimulate IL-10 in a normal and an inflammatory scenario to conjointly restrain inflammation. Therefore, we investigated calcitriol effects upon IL-10 expression in cultured human trophoblasts obtained from normal (NT) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. Similar s... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533281 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533284&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178715%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study indicates that TLR9 polymorphisms are not candidates for susceptibility to SLE, at least, in eastern Asian population. Furthermore, a large number of studies should be performed to explore the association of TLR9 polymorphisms with the risk of SLE in other populations, such as Europeans, Americans and Africans. PMID: 22178715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533284 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533283&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Andrews CN, Chen CQ, Daryani NE, Sharkey KA, Storr MA Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder, which presents with one or more gastrointestinal symptoms without any structural or organic abnormality. The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of IBS remain uncertain. Residual or reactivated inflammation at the molecular level is considered the underlying mechanism of post-infectious IBS. On the other hand, genetic variations in the immunological components of the body, including cytokine gene polymorphisms, are proposed as a potential mechanism of IBS even in patients without previous gastrointestinal infection. Several studies have suggested imbalanced cytokine signaling as an etiology for IBS. In this ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533283 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512519&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172511%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In a large group of individuals with atypical chest pain and a low to intermediate likelihood for coronary artery disease elevated plasma levels of IL-6 and reduced levels of IL-8 and IL-13 were predictive for distinct coronary artery calcification. These findings support a specific role of these cytokines in coronary calcification. PMID: 22172511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512519 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512518&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mabilleau G, Pascaretti-Grizon F, Baslé MF, Chappard D Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with pathological bone destruction mediated by osteoclasts. Although RANKL has been reported as a crucial factor for osteoclastogenesis, several other factors increased in RA support osteoclast formation and resorption in the absence of RANKL such as TNF-alpha and LIGHT. To date, in vitro bone resorption experiments are reported as the mean area of bone resorption per cortical or dentine slices and do not provide any information about depth and volume of resorption. The aims of this study were to assess these parameters by light microscopy and vertical scanning profilometry (VSP). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as a source of osteoclast precursors and were... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512518 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512520&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22169779%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00297570. PMID: 22169779 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512520 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512521&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jancic CC, Cabrini M, Gabelloni ML, Rodríguez Rodrigues C, Salamone G, Trevani AS, Geffner J Abstract The development of acidic environments is a hallmark of inflammatory processes of different etiology. We have previously shown that transient exposure to acidic conditions, similar to those encountered in vivo, induces the activation of neutrophils and the phenotypic maturation of dendritic cells. We here report that extracellular acidosis (pH 6.5) selectively stimulates the production and the secretion of IL-1β by human monocytes without affecting the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR. Stimulation of IL-1β production by pH 6.5-treated monocytes was shown to be dependent on caspase-1 activity, and it was also observed using pe... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512521 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512522&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154514%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to investigate the potential of inflammation-related biomarkers in peripheral blood to accurately reflect AD onset and progression. Individuals (n=150) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were divided into two subgroups (low- and high-risk) based on APOEε4 allele carrier status, and administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and tested for serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were compared with those from age-matched healthy controls (n=150). The levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in the aMCI group than in controls (P<0.01). When the aMCI group was stratified by APOEε4 status, significant differences were found between the low- and high-risk groups and controls in ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512522 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512523&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154513%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and the cross-talk that occurs among different TLR ligands on TSLP production in arytenoid fibroblasts. Since mRNA of TLR 2, 3, 4, and 9 has been found to be expressed in arytenoid fibroblasts, we examined the effect on its production of TLR ligands. TSLP production by arytenoid fibroblasts was strongly induced in the presence of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a ligand of TLR3. Its production was synergistically induced in the presence of IL-4, to a level more than 100 times higher than that observed in the absence of poly(I:C) or IL-4. We also revealed that B type DNA containing CpG motifs (CpG-DNA) coding for a TLR9 ligand markedly suppressed both poly(I:C)-induced and poly(I:C)-plus-IL-4-induced TSLP production. B ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512523 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512524&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154216%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that non-immune HMGB1-non-secreting cells of epithelial origin derived from mammary non-neoplastic tissue can be induced to release HMGB1 by single cytokine application. This indicates that tumor and surrounding tissue can be stimulated by tumor present inflammatory and necrotic cytokines to release HMGB1 acting as neo-vascularizing factor thus promoting tumor growth. PMID: 22154216 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512524 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512526&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142701%26dopt%3DAbstract This study intended to compare the effects of a novel compound called AGEM400(HES), consisting of a dimeric EMP conjugated to hydroxyethyl starch (HES), to those of recombinant EPO. AGEM400(HES) efficiently stimulated erythropoiesis in vitro and efficiently stimulated survival of EPO-dependent cell line UT7/EPO. It also efficiently induced phosphorylation of signaling proteins in these models. However, AGEM400(HES) was shown to have weak or absent effects on survival of, and signaling in, three different EPO-responsive hematopoietic cell lines. In the latter models, when added in excess to moderate concentrations of EPO, AGEM400(HES) inhibited the activity of EPO in a fashion indicating receptor binding competition between EPO and AGEM400(HES). It was furthermore shown, using stably transf... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512526 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512525&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142702%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study provides evidence for a direct, receptor-mediated effect of GDNF on osteoblasts highlighting a novel role for GDNF in bone physiology. PMID: 22142702 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512525 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512528&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138106%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The cholinesterase inhibitor distigmine inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines as well as HRV suppression in a rat CLP model, suggesting that an agent modulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can control excess cytokine production involved in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis/septic shock. PMID: 22138106 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512528 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512527&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138107%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aslam M, Ahmad N, Srivastava R, Hemmer B Abstract Inflammatory cytokine TNFα enhances permeability of brain capillaries constituting blood brain barrier (BBB). In the monoculture endothelial models of BBB TNFα alters tight junction (TJ) structure and protein content. Claudin-5 (Cldn5) is a key TJ protein whose expression in the brain endothelial cells is critical to the function of BBB. TNFα reduces Cldn5 promoter activity and mRNA expression in mouse brain derived endothelial cells but the regulatory elements and signaling mechanism involved are not defined. Here we report that TNFα acts through NFκB signaling and requires a conserved promoter region for the down-regulation of Cldn5 expression. Overexpression of the NFκB subunit p65 (RelA) alone repressed Cldn5 prom... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512527 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512533&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22136974%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Plasma CXCL10 levels were influenced by several characteristics of patients related to HIV and HCV infections, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis, indicating that CXCL10 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both HCV and HIV infections. PMID: 22136974 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512533 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512532&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22136975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu A, Fang H, Dirsch O, Jin H, Dahmen U Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important mediator of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in heart, brain and intestine. We previously demonstrated that MIF was released during warm/cold ischemia in vitro. However, the role of MIF in liver I/R injury remains unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that MIF acts as an early proinflammatory cytokine and could mediate the inflammatory injury in liver I/R. Rats (n=6 per group) were subjected to 90min warm ischemia followed by 0.5h, 6h and 24h reperfusion, respectively to liver transplantation (LTx) after 6h of cold ischemia followed by 24h of reperfusion. The expression of MIF, its receptor (cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74)) and the downstream inflammatory... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512532 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512531&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frausto-Del-Río D, Soto-Cruz I, Garay-Canales C, Ambriz X, Soldevila G, Carretero-Ortega J, Vázquez-Prado J, Ortega E Abstract IFNγ is a potent activator and IL-10 a powerful inhibitor of macrophage functions. However, neither all cellular functions are enhanced by IFNγ nor IL-10 inhibits all cellular responses. Thus, FcγRs-mediated phagocytosis in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) increases after IL-10 treatment, and decreases after treatment with IFNγ, although both IL-10 and IFNγ up regulate FcγRI expression. In this work we investigated the effect of IFNγ and IL-10 on phagocytic signaling by FcγRs in MDM. Treatment with IFNγ diminished phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized SRBC (IgG-SRBC) while treatment with IL-10 increased it. These opposite effects cannot be att... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512531 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512530&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137121%26dopt%3DAbstract This study indicates that plasma visfatin levels are significantly higher in STEMI patients and that these higher visfatin levels correlate with elevated levels of cardiac enzymes, suggesting that increased plasma visfatin may be closely related to the degree of myocardial damage. PMID: 22137121 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512530 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512529&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137122%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Manifestation of the paraneoplastic hematological syndrome most likely is conditioned on the ability of cancer cell to secrete VEGF in a high rate. PMID: 22137122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512529 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512535&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Espinosa V, Rivera A Abstract CD4 T cells play important and non-redundant roles in protection against infection with diverse fungi. Distinct CD4 T cell subsets can mediate protection against fungal disease where Th1 and Th17 CD4 T cell subsets have been found to promote fungal clearance and protective immunity against diverse fungal pathogens. The differentiation of naïve CD4 T cells into Th1 or Th17 cells is crucially controlled by their interaction with dendritic cells and instructed by cytokines. IL-12 and IFN-γ promote Th1 differentiation while TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, IL-21 and IL-23 promote Th17 differentiation and maintenance. The production of these cytokines by DCs is in turn regulated by innate receptors triggered in response to fungal infection. In this review we ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512535 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512534&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22133344%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS/INFERENCES: Inflammation is a diffuse process in ELGANs, with elevated concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, a growth factor and its receptors, as well as a growth factor binding protein associated with each other the same day, as well as on subsequent days. PMID: 22133344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512534 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512540&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22129622%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the possible role of IL-8 in steroid production by bovine granulosa cells before and after ovulation. The concentration of IL-8 in the follicular fluid of estrogen-active dominant (EAD) and pre-ovulatory follicles (POF) was higher than that of small follicles (SF). CXCR1 mRNA expression was higher in the granulosa cells of EAD and POF than that of SF. In contrast, CXCR2 mRNA expression was lower in granulosa cells of EAD and POF than in SF. IL-8 inhibited estradiol (E2) production in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-treated granulosa cells at 48h of culture. IL-8 also suppressed CYP19A1 mRNA expression in FSH-treated granulosa cells. IL-8 stimulated progesterone (P4) production in luteinizing hormone (LH)-treated granulosa cells at 48h of culture. Although IL-8 did not alter ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512540 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512539&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22129623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamilton JA, Davis J, Pobjoy J, Cook AD Abstract Independent studies with GM-CSF-/- mice have concluded that GM-CSF is necessary for normal reproductive outcome and for the maintenance of normal weight. In contrast to the literature we report that GM-CSF-/- and wild type (C57Bl/6) mice over a continuous 12month period had similar litter size and neonatal survival. Likewise, unlike a literature observation, for the two mouse strains both male and female mice had similar weight gain when fed on a normal chow diet and monitored until 30weeks of age. It is concluded that GM-CSF is not necessary for an optimal fertility outcome or for normal weight maintenance during development. PMID: 22129623 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512539 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512538&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22129624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whiley RA, Cruchley AT, Gore C, Hagi-Pavli E Abstract Candida albicans is a commensal organism at several sites and is a versatile, opportunistic pathogen. The underlying factors of pathogen and host associated with commensalism and pathogenicity in C. albicans are complex and their importance is largely unknown. We aimed to study the responses of oral epithelial (OEM) and vaginal epithelial models (VEM) to infection by oral and vaginal C. albicans strains to obtain evidence of inter-strain differences in pathogenicity and of site-specificity. Following inoculation of models, proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were monitored and histological staining undertaken. Striking differences in strain behaviour and epithelial re... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512538 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512537&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22129625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bandapalli OR, Ehrmann F, Ehemann V, Gaida M, Macher-Goeppinger S, Wente M, Schirmacher P, Brand K Abstract As part of ongoing studies to obtain a global picture of invasion related events in colorectal liver metastases, here, we report our findings on gene expression of the pro-angiogenic subgroup of chemokines, the CXCL-ELR+ chemokines. Apart from their pro-angiogenic and chemoattractant function, these chemokines appear to also contribute to tumor cell transformation, growth and invasion. In our nude mouse model of colorectal liver metastases, we found CXCL1,2,3,5 and 8 (IL-8) to be up-regulated in the tumor cells of the invasion front as compared to the tumor cells in the inner parts of the tumor. ShRNA mediated down-regulation of the most prominently up-regulated grou... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512537 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512536&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22129626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang B, Yang G, Yang M, Liao Y, Li Z, Boden G, Li L Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) has been identified as a potent metabolic regulator. Despite the importance of FGF-21 in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis, much less is known about the effect of common anti-diabetic treatment on the plasma levels of FGF-21. The aim of our study was to measure its plasma levels in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2DM) and healthy subjects, and to assess the changes of its circulating levels after pharmacological interventions. One hundred and eleven patients with nT2DM, and 87 gender-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT) controls participated in the study. The patients with nT2DM were treated with miti... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512536 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5512541&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122913%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The EGF rs4444903 A>G polymorphism may facilitate liver fibrosis progression in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis C, especially in younger patients. PMID: 22122913 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5512541 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5512541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439682&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22099872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Batista ML, Peres SB, McDonald ME, Alcantara PS, Olivan M, Otoch JP, Farmer SR, Seelaender M Abstract Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted syndrome whose aetiology is extremely complex and is directly related to poor patient prognosis and survival. Changes in lipid metabolism in cancer cachexia result in marked reduction of total fat mass, increased lipolysis, total oxidation of fatty acids, hyperlipidaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypercholesterolaemia. These changes are believed to be induced by inflammatory mediators, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other factors. Attention has recently been drawn to the current theory that cachexia is a chronic inflammatory state, mainly caused by the host's reaction to the tumour. Changes in expression of numerous infla... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439682 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439684&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22088599%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Expression of CD146 and P-selectin in patients with type 2 diabetes is elevated, and they are positively correlated with severity of diabetic nephropathy. PMID: 22088599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439684 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439683&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22088600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang L, Cao RB, Wang N, Liu K, Wei JC, Isahg H, Song LJ, Zuo WY, Zhou B, Wang WW, Mao X, Chen PY Abstract CoPoIFN-α is a recombinant non-naturally occurring porcine interferon-α (IFN-α). It was designed by scanning 17 porcine IFN-α nonallelic subtypes and assigning the most frequently occurring amino acid in each position. We used a porcine IFN-α (PoIFN-α) derived from domestic pig as a control. Both porcine IFN-α genes were introduced into yeast expression vector PpICZα-A and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The antiviral unit of these two IFN-αs were assayed in MDBK, PK-15 and MARC-145 cells against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and their inhibitory abilities on pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replicatio... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439683 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418955&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082804%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: While the decrease in leptin receptor levels in CML patients was confirmed, the increase in AdipoR1 levels and relevant decrease in AdipoR2 levels depicted their possible involvement in CML pathogenesis. This suggests different functions of adiponectin receptors in CML development. PMID: 22082804 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418955 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418954&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22082805%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the effects of anthrax toxin on hematopoiesis and determined roles for cytokines. Anthrax holotoxin toxin is three components: protective antigen (PA) binds to the target cell and mediates the entry of lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). Anthrax toxin dramatically inhibits signaling in immune cells. We first identified the cell subsets that interacted with the protective antigen (PA) and then studied the effects on hematopoietic progenitors in clonogenic assays: granulocytic-monocytic (CFU-GM) and late erythroid (CFU-E). Multi-color immunofluorescence with FITC-PA indicated its interaction with early and late myeloid cells. Clonogenic assays, in the presence or absence of holotoxin and individual toxin proteins resulted in significant suppression by hologenic toxi... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418954 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418958&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Na HJ, Hudson SA, Bochner BS Abstract IL-33 activates eosinophils directly via the ST2 receptor. Like IL-5, IL-33 induces eosinophilia and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mouse models and primes human eosinophil responses. Previously, we reported that IL-5 priming enhances Siglec-8 mediated mitochondrial and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent eosinophilic apoptosis and eliminates caspase dependence of this cell death process. Whether IL-33, like IL-5, augments pro-apoptotic pathways involving receptors such as Siglec-8 and in a similar manner has not been explored. Annexin-V labeling was performed to detect apoptosis in human eosinophils pre-incubated with or without a range of concentrations of IL-33 and/or IL-5 in the presence or absence of Siglec-8 monoclonal a... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418958 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418957&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boiko JR, Borghesi L Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) repopulate the immune system during normal replenishment as well as under the burden of pathogen stress, but the respective outcomes of differentiation are not the same. Under homeostatic conditions such as those which accompany turnover of immune cell subsets, HSCs appear to co-equally prime genes associated with the major downstream lineages: lymphoid, myeloid, and megakaryocyte/erythroid. Recent studies reveal, however, that during pathogen exposure, hematopoiesis may yield progeny in proportions different than those produced under homeostasis. At least some of these effects may be due to pathogen engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on HSCs. HSCs are also responsive to inflammatory cytokines th... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418957 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418956&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bhushan S, Perumal NB Abstract Cytokines mediate crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. They play valuable roles in immune cell growth and lineage specification, and are associated with various disease pathologies. A large number of low, medium and high throughput studies have implicated association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes with diseases. A preponderance of such experiments has not shown any causality of an identified SNP to the associated disease. Instead, they have identified statistically significant SNP-disease associations; it is likely that some of these cytokine gene variants may directly or indirectly cause the disease phenotype(s). To fill this knowledge gap and derive study parameters for cytokine SNP-disease causali... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418956 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418960&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matsumoto H, Hirata Y, Otsuka K, Iwata T, Inazumi A, Niimi A, Ito I, Ogawa E, Muro S, Sakai H, Chin K, Oku Y, Mishima M Abstract Physiological mechanisms associated with interleukin-13 (IL-13), a key cytokine in asthma, in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess effects of IL-13 on Ca(2+) oscillations in response to leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in human cultured ASMCs. LTD4-induced Ca(2+) oscillations in ASMCs pretreated with IL-13 were imaged by confocal microscopy. mRNA expressions of cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptors (CysLT1R), CD38, involved with the ryanodine receptors (RyR) system, and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC), involved with store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), were determin... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418960 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418959&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22078635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliver JA, Stolberg VR, Chensue SW, King PD Abstract CD8+ T cell synthesis of IFN-γ is an important component of the CD8+ T cell immune response. In short-term cultures of murine pan-T cells, we found that IL-4 was the principal cytokine responsible for driving IFN-γ synthesis by CD3/CD28-activated CD8+ T cells. IL-4 was able to induce low levels of IFN-γ mRNA in CD8+ T cells even in the absence of CD3/CD28 engagement, although concomitant CD3/CD28 stimulation was necessary for IFN-γ secretion. IL-4 induction of IFN-γ was explained by its ability to induce Eomesodermin and T-bet transcription factors whose expression was further increased by CD3/CD28. Expression of Eomesodermin, T-bet and IFN-γ induced by IL-4 was partially dependent upon activation of MAPK and PI3K ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418959 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418961&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22075401%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure could improve, on a mid- term basis, the inflammatory process but natriuretic peptides' secretion continues in parallel with left atrial volume increase. Further follow up is required to determine the long-term progress of the inflammatory and neurohormonal response to the procedure. PMID: 22075401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418961 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418962&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22070971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Symeonidis C, Androudi S, Tsaousis KT, Tsinopoulos I, Brazitikos P, Diza E, Dimitrakos SA PMID: 22070971 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418962 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5418962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418963&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22057032%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Increased urinary excretion of IL-6, IL-15, VEGF, TGF-β1, MCP-1 and MIP-1β and reduced EGF, IL-2, IL-9 may be associated with histological damage and influence response to treatment in pauci-immune FSNGN. PMID: 22057032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418963 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418964&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056354%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the timing and magnitude of the intestinal inflammatory cytokine response in relation to tumorigenesis in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. Apc(Min/+) mice and wildtype mice were sacrificed at one of 4 time-points: 8, 12, 16, and 20weeks of age. Intestinal tissue was analyzed for polyp burden (sections 1, 4 and 5) and mRNA expression and protein concentration of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (sections 2 and 3). The results show that polyp burden was increased at 12, 16 and 20weeks compared to 8weeks (P<0.05). Gene expression (mRNA) of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was increased in sections 2 and 3 starting at week 12 (P<0.05), with further increases in MCP-1, IL-1β and IL-6 at 16weeks (P<0.05). Protein concentration for these cytokines followed a similar pattern in section 3. S... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418964 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5418965&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22055728%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights some important effects of IL 15 on NK in HIV patients anyway our results are preliminary and descriptive and others studies will be needed to provide rationale for immune therapies. PMID: 22055728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5418965 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5418965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296261&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21795061%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: NMDA antagonist can suppress TH cell differentiation and subsequent cytokines production but increase TH1/TH2 ratio following PMA and ionomycin stimulation, it may be related to its regulation on T-bet and GATA3 activities. PMID: 21795061 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296261 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:59 +0100 5296261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296260&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21795062%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of t10c12-CLA on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, we determined whether these effects were associated with the induction of interleukin (IL)-10. Treatment of LPS-unstimulated porcine PBMCs with t10c12-CLA increased both TNF-α expression and IL-10 production. However, treatment of LPS-stimulated porcine PBMCs with t10c12-CLA suppressed TNF-α production and increased the levels of IL-10. Furthermore, treatment of LPS-stimulated porcine PBMCs with IL-10 suppressed the production of TNF-α. The effects of t10c12-CLA on TNF-α expression by both LPS-naïve and LPS-stimulated PBMCs were inhibited by IL-10 treatment. The suppressi... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296260 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:48 +0100 5296260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296259&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21795063%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that the higher serum levels of IL-27 were associated with IHD. The presence or absence of certain traditional risk factors of IHD did not influence the serum levels of cytokine. PMID: 21795063 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296259 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:38 +0100 5296259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296258&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21795064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li G, Yang P, Guo X, Huang N, Shen R Abstract Immobilization of biomolecules with a variety of biological functions has been a promising method to improve the biocompatibility of biomaterials. However, little is known about their inflammatory property and cytotoxicity, which are both key aspects to most biomaterials designed for tissue engineering applications and in vivo implantation. In this in vitro study, heparin/fibronectin complex (Hep/Fn) was coimmobilized onto titanium surface (HF-Ti), which had been proven to have the properties of both anticoagulation and endothelialization in our previous study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and water contact angle measurement were utilized to determine the surface chemical compositions and physical properties. ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296258 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:28 +0100 5296258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296257&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang K, Liu L, Zhu ZM, Shao JH, Xin L Abstract Associations between five polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (i.e., VEGF +936C/T, -1154A/G, -2578C/A, -634G/C and -460T/C) and risk of breast cancer have been extensively studied, and the currently available results are inconclusive. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to further study the associations. The databases of Pubmed, Embase and CNKI were retrieved up to April 1st, 2010. The pooled ORs and 95% CIs were used to assess the strength of the associations. A total of 10 case-control studies with 8175 cases and 8528 controls were included in this study. The overall results of combined analyses showed that five polymorphisms of VEGF were not associated with risk of breast cancer [ORs (95% CIs): 1.03 (... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296257 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:19 +0100 5296257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296256&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu F, Li B, Wei YG, Chen X, Ma Y, Yan LN, Wen TF, Xu MQ, Wang WT, Yang JY Abstract IFN-γ is a T-helper 1 cytokine and plays important roles in modulating almost all the immune responses, such as hematopoiesis, T-cell differentiation, antiproliferative, antiviral, and antitumor activities. A single nucleotide polymorphism (+874A/T) which is located in the first intron of the human IFN-γ gene can putatively influence the secretion of IFN-γ. Results from previous studies on the association of +874A/T polymorphism with different cancer types remained contradictory. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedicine Database. Thirty two studies including 4524 cases and 56... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296256 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:10 +0100 5296256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296255&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802311%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yokoyama Y, Fukunaga K, Ikeuchi H, Kamikozuru K, Hida N, Ohda Y, Iimuro M, Yoshida K, Kikuyama R, Kato K, Nagase K, Nakamura S, Miwa H, Matsumoto T Abstract The CD4(+)CD25(High) T-cell phenotype has an essential immunoregulatory role, while the CD4(+)CD28(null) T-cell reflects immune pathology. We investigated the profiles of the CD4(+)CD25(High) and the CD4(+)CD28(null) T-cell phenotypes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) during active and quiescent phases as well as following colectomy. Fifty-nine UC patients, 34 active (UCa) and 25 quiescent (UCq) together with 19 healthy controls (HC) were included. Ten of 34 UCa patients underwent colectomy due to unremitting UC (UCo). Immunohistochemical phenotypic of the peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing CD4, CD25 or CD28 w... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296255 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:47:01 +0100 5296255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296254&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ben Ali S, Jemaa R, Ftouhi B, Kallel A, Feki M, Slimene H, Kaabachi N Abstract To evaluate the effect of menopausal status and body mass index (BMI) on circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations and investigate whether there is an influence of menopausal transition on the relationships of these adipokines and leptin to adiponectin (L/A) ratio with lipid profile and insulin resistance in a sample of Tunisian women. One hundred ninety-six premenopausal (mean age 35.3±7.6years) and 180 postmenopausal women (mean age 53.4±6.2years) were included in the study. Participants were stratified into obese and normal weight groups based upon their baseline BMI. Fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin, leptin, and adiponect... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296254 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:52 +0100 5296254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296253&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802960%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cajado C, Cerqueira BA, Couto FD, Moura-Neto JP, Vilas-Boas W, Dorea MJ, Lyra IM, Barbosa CG, Reis MG, Goncalves MS Abstract Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a disorder characterized by a heterogeneous clinical outcome. In the present study, we investigated the associations between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) -308G>A and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) -251A>T gene polymorphisms, medical history and classical biomarkers in children with steady-state SCA. In total, 210 SCA patients aged 2-21years and 200 healthy controls were studied. Gene polymorphisms, beta(S)-globin haplotypes and a 3.7-kb deletion in alpha2-thalassemia (α(2)-thal(3.7kb)) were investigated by PCR/RFLP analysis, and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Splenomegaly (p=.032) was more prevalent amon... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296253 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:43 +0100 5296253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296252&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802961%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, plasma vaspin level is higher in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control. And rosiglitazone therapy decreased plasma vaspin levels through glucose and insulin sensitivity regulation. PMID: 21802961 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296252 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:33 +0100 5296252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296251&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21803599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rizzo A, Di Domenico M, Carratelli CR, Mazzola N, Paolillo R Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes recurrent pharyngitis, pneumonia and chronic inflammation induced by cycles of persistence and productive infection that might also explain the association with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether C. pneumoniae can invade and survive within human osteoblasts and whether this infection elicits the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrated that C. pneumoniae was able to infect the SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell line and to replicate in the osteoblasts in a time-dependent manner and was associated to an increase in the cell number and cell viability. In addition, infection of t... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296251 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:23 +0100 5296251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296250&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21803600%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In older patients with HF there is a significant association of higher resistin levels with cervical fracture, type 2 diabetes and history of stroke, which is partly influenced by the reciprocal interaction between resistin and osteocalcin. However, the design of the study does not prove causality and further prospective studies are needed to clarify these relationships. PMID: 21803600 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296250 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:14 +0100 5296250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296249&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21803601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mirza R, Koh TJ Abstract The hypothesis of this study was that cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage (Mo/Mp) exhibit an impaired transition from pro-inflammatory to pro-healing phenotypes in wounds of diabetic mice, which contributes to deficient healing. Mo/Mp isolated from excisional wounds in non-diabetic db/+ mice exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype on day 5 post-injury, with high level expression of the pro-inflammatory molecules interleukin-1β, matrix metalloprotease-9 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Wound Mo/Mp exhibited a less inflammatory phenotype on day 10 post-injury, with decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory molecules and increased expression of the alternative activation markers CD206 and CD36. In contrast, in db/db mice, the pro-inflammat... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296249 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:46:05 +0100 5296249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296248&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Caggia S, Libra M, Malaponte G, Cardile V Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of a family of secreted polypeptide growth factors. These cytokines play very important roles during development, as well as in normal physiological and disease processes, by regulating a wide array of cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. TGF-β utilizes a multitude of intracellular signalling pathways in addition to Smads with actions that are dependent on circumstances, including dose, target cell type, and context. The aims of this research were (i) to verify the effects of dose-dependent TGF-β3 treatment on YY1 and p53 expression, in BPH-1 cell line, human benign prostate hyperplasia,... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296248 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:45:56 +0100 5296248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296247&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaneda K, Saitoh F, Shibusawa H, Maegawa H, Saniabadi AR, Kashiwagi N, Matsukawa A Abstract Activated neutrophils and monocytes produce interleukin (IL)-8, a pro-inflammatory chemokine, but also IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. We were interested to see the profiles of IL-8 and IL-1ra in the colonic tissue and in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) during the development of immune complex induced colitis in rabbits. IL-1ra and IL-8 in PBL were measured in 26 rabbits at time 0h, 24h, and 48h after induction of colitis. The colons were removed at 48h for measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO), ulcer area, IL-1ra and IL-8. Epithelial damage, crypt abscess formation and leukocyte infiltration of the colonic tissue were major features of thi... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296247 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 21:45:47 +0100 5296247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296238&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qiu LX, He J, Wang MY, Zhang RX, Shi TY, Zhu ML, Mao C, Sun S, Lv FF, Zheng CL, Zhu XD Abstract Published data on the association between microRNA-146a (miR-146a) G/C polymorphism and cancer susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 23 studies including 10,585 cases and 12,183 controls were used in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between miR-146a G/C polymorphism and cancer risk when all studies pooled into the meta-analysis (GC vs. CC: OR=1.08, 95% CI=0.94-1.24; GG vs. CC: OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.93-1.37; dominant model: OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.94-1.26). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, still no significant associations were found. In the subgroup analysi... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296238 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296240&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García C, Gine E, Aller MA, Revuelta E, Arias JL, Vara E, Arias J Abstract Portosystemic shunt surgery is the best procedure to prevent recurrent bleeding of esophageal varices, but carries a high risk of postoperative inflammatory complications, including hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, portosystemic shunting procedures could induce a systemic inflammatory response with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, including hepatic encephalopathy. To verify this hypothesis we used male Wistar rats at 6weeks of postoperative evolution: Control (CR; n=14), Sham-operated (SO; n=8) and rats with end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS; n=15). TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 were assayed by ELISA techniques, the expression of the endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitr... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296240 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296239&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21975128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Parlakpinar H, Ozer MK, Acet A Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in regulating the cardiovascular system, and disorders of the RAS contribute largely to the cardiac pathophysiology, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Two subtypes of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors have been defined on the basis of their differential pharmacological properties. The current study was undertaken to address the question as to whether the inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by captopril and the AT(1) and AT(2) receptor blockers losartan and PD123319 modulate MI/R-induced infarct size in an in vivo rat model. To produce necrosis, a branch of the descending left coronary artery was occluded for 30min followed by two hours of r... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296239 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296242&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maria Grazia Z, Claudia S Abstract Therapeutic plasmapheresis is a recognized medical procedure in which various techniques are used to separate and remove undesirable or excessively elevated plasma elements from blood. The main purpose of the procedure is to remove the substances responsible for the disease (autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes, lipoproteins and other molecules) from the patient's blood. Low-Density-Lipoproteins-apheresis (LDL_a) is the selective removal of all apolipoprotein-B100-containing lipoproteins: LDL, very low-density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein (a). They are lowered acutely by 65-75%. There is little effect on other plasma lipidic and non-lipidic components. LDL_a was reported to increase resistance of LDL to oxidation, counteract proco... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296242 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296241&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21967871%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Our results suggest that SSPE virus and MV induce different IFN production profiles. PMID: 21967871 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296241 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296244&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963154%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Macgregor HJ, Kato Y, Marshall LJ, Nevell TG, Shute JK Abstract The activity of the chemoattractant cytokines, the chemokines, in vivo is enhanced by oligomerisation and aggregation on glycosaminoglycan (GAG), particularly heparan sulphate, side chains of proteoglycans. The chemokine RANTES (CCL5) is a T-lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant, which has a minimum tetrameric structure for in vivo activity and a propensity to form higher order oligomers. RANTES is unusual among the chemokines in having five tyrosine residues, an amino acid susceptible to oxidative cross-linking. Using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, Western blot analysis and LCMS-MS, we show that a copper/H(2)O(2) redox system induces the formation of covalent dityrosine cross-links and RANTES oligomeri... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296244 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296243&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963155%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α increased RANKL expression in primary human bone marrow adipocytes. TNF-α induced the ability of bone marrow adipocytes to promote osteoclast differentiation and activity in a manner directly related to RANKL expression. PMID: 21963155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296243 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296246&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21962931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang CB, Wang YC, Gao Y, Geng J, Wu YH, Zhang Y, Shi F, Sun XQ Abstract Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning occurring in long-term spaceflight requires new strategies to counteract these adverse effects. We previously reported that a short-arm centrifuge produced artificial gravity (AG), together with ergometer, has an approving effect on promoting cardiovascular function. The current study sought to investigate whether the cardiac and cerebrovascular functions were maintained and improved using a strategy of AG combined with exercise training on cardiovascular function during 4-day head-down bed rest (HDBR). Twelve healthy male subjects were assigned to a control group (CONT, n=6) and an AG combined with ergometric exercise training group (CM, n=6). Simultan... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296246 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5296245&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21962932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bostanci N, Akgül B, Tsakanika V, Allaker RP, Hughes FJ, McKay IJ Abstract Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. Apart from its antimicrobial properties, this drug also has independent anti-inflammatory effects at sub-antimicrobial doses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low-doses of doxycycline (LDD) on cytokine production by human monocytic cells challenged with the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, for up to 6h. The simultaneous regulation of 12 cytokines were measured by a Human Cytokine Array Kit. To validate the array findings, selected cytokines were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). A. actinomycetemcomitans stimula... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5296245 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5296245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5277188&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945121%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Increased levels of IL-17A and IL-23 were found in both UC and CD compared to controls. Association to the grade of inflammation and clinical activity was also observed. IL-17A and IL-23 were significantly higher in UC than in CD. TH1 and TH17 cytokines seem to act synergistically in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no apparent polarization between UC and CD. PMID: 21945121 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5277188 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5277188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5277187&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945122%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein are elevated in sera of intrinsic asthmatics compared to normal controls. These cytokines may have a critical role in the inflammatory pathology of intrinsic asthma. PMID: 21945122 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5277187 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5277187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5277189&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21944888%26dopt%3DAbstract This study showed that zinc and melatonin treatment did not affect the percentage of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes subsets in chronically infected animals. Increased levels of IL-2 and IL-10, as well as, enhanced thymocyte proliferation in T. cruzi infected groups under zinc and melatonin therapy was observed as compared to untreated group. Conversely, during the chronic phase of infection, macrophages counts were reduced in melatonin and zinc-melatonin treated animals. The combined actions of zinc and melatonin have beneficial effects in counteracting parasite-induced immune dysregulation, protecting animals against the harmful actions of chronic T. cruzi infection. Furthermore, our results provide an experimental basis for further studies on the role of immunomodulatory therapies.... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5277189 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5277189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259630&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940177%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Non-infectious sources of systemic inflammation are significant in preterm infants exposed to intensive care and may contribute to intensive care-related organ injury. PMID: 21940177 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259630 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259629&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940178%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the hypothesis that ELR(+) motif CXC chemokines, such as IL-8, ENA-78 and GRO-α correlate with angiogenic growth factors and may play a role in the progression of MM. Further studies are needed to determine their prognostic and predictive significance. PMID: 21940178 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259629 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259632&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santos AX, Maia JE, Crespo PM, Pettenuzzo LF, Daniotti JL, Barbé-Tuana FM, Martins LM, Trindade VM, Borojevic R, Guma FC Abstract Gangliosides have been extensively described to be involved in the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types, such including hematopoietic cells. Our previous studies on murine models of stroma-mediated myelopoiesis have shown that gangliosides are required for optimal capacity of stromal cells to support proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, being shed to the supernatant and selectively incorporated into myeloid cell membranes. Here we describe the effect of gangliosides on the specific granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced proliferation. For that, we used the monocytic FDC-P1 cell line, which is d... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259632 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259631&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva-Cote I, Cardier JE Abstract Murine embryonic stem cells (muESC) are maintained and expanded in vitro by culturing in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or by coculturing on murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF). Previously we have shown that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) promote the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. In the present study we investigated whether LSEC might promote the survival and undifferentiated growth of muESC. For these purposes, muESC (CGR8 cell line) were cultured on LSEC monolayers (muESC/LSEC) or in the presence of conditioned medium from LSEC cultures (muESC/LSEC-CM), both in the absence of LIF. Microscopic observation showed the growth of undifferentiated ESC colonies in both muESC/... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259631 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259634&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924921%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dixon DL, Griggs KM, Bersten AD, De Pasquale CG Abstract Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to complex effects distant from the heart. As these changes may be reflected in the balance of systemic inflammatory and fibrotic immunomodulators we measured these potential biomarkers in ambulatory CHF patients. Using the New York Heart Association (NYHA; levels II-IV) functional classification, 30 CHF patients were compared with 21 age and gender matched controls. Peripheral blood levels of regulatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, KGF, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12) and markers of cellular activation (CD11b, CD16, CD18, CD34, HLADR, CXCR1 and CCR5) were analysed by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. NYHA classification, which reflected increasing pulmonary microvascular pressure (E:E') ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259634 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259633&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924922%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vautier S, Maccallum DM, Brown GD Abstract Fungi are the cause of opportunistic infections, predominantly in immunocompromised individuals although, primary fungal infections can occur in apparently healthy individuals. Successful host defence requires an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Central to host immune responses are the induction of cytokines; the signals which help to activate the innate immune system and which play a central role in directing the development of pathogen-specific immunity. C-type lectins play a central role in the recognition and shaping of immune responses to fungal pathogens, in part, through the induction and modulation of cytokine responses. Understanding which cytokines induce protective responses to these pathogens and how C-ty... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259633 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5259633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228704&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920769%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: In this study LDL-a induced profound changes in several circulating cytokines and promoted anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic cytokine profile in plasma of patients with severe dyslipidemia, with pre-existing angiographically demonstrated Coronary heart disease (CHD), and aortic valvular disease (#=1) (AVD). PMID: 21920769 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228704 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228703&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fuschiotti P Abstract Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the highest fatality rate among connective tissue diseases and is characterized by vascular damage, inflammation and fibrosis. Currently, no therapy has proven effective in modifying the course of SSc, a reflection of its complex pathogenesis. T cell-derived cytokines have been implicated in the induction of fibrosis. The role of the pro-fibrotic type 2 cytokine IL-13 and its regulation appear to be important in the pathogenesis of SSc and other fibrotic disorders. Recent work has shown that dysregulated production of IL-13 by effector CD8(+) T cells is critical for predisposing patients to more severe forms of cutaneous disease and that this dysregulation is associated with defects in the molecular control of IL-13 produc... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228703 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228702&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stefanutti C, Morozzi C, Petta A Abstract Available evidence on the effects of therapeutic plasmapheresis (TP) techniques and in particular lipid- and LDL-apheresis (LDL-a) on plasmatic inflammatory mediators including cytokines were reviewed. Studies on this issue are not numerous. However, the review of existing evidence clearly suggests an active role of apheresis on the profile of inflammatory molecules and on cytokine pattern in plasma. These non-lipid-lowering effects can be defined to some extent pleiotropic or pleiotropic-equivalent. Although further studies are desirable, the data reported in this review confirm that lipid- and LDL-a not only show acute lipid-lowering and cholesterol-lowering effects, but also efficacy in reducing several proinflammatory peptides,... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228702 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228705&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917472%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study do not support the hypothesis that the examined proinflammatory genes are major genetic risk factor for PDB. However, our data suggests a role for the IL-6 gene in modifying the clinical features of the disease. PMID: 21917472 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228705 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218505&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Postal M, Appenzeller S Abstract The Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that produces different stimuli in various physiological and pathological conditions. TNF-α contributes importantly to the development of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. However, TNF-α is also a potent inflammatory mediator and apoptosis inducer. The significance of the TNF-α involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. From the genetic standpoint, a number of studies suggest that the TNF-α gene polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility of SLE. Moreover, there is a close association between the TNF-α gene expression and clinical manifestations. In addition, the increased serum level of TNF-α is observed in SLE... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218505 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218504&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qiu LX, Wang Y, Xia ZG, Xi B, Mao C, Wang JL, Wang BY, Lv FF, Wu XH, Hu LQ Abstract Published data on the association between miR-196a2 T/C polymorphism and cancer susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 21 studies including 10,441 cases and 12,353 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, significantly elevated cancer risk was associated with miR-196a2 C allele when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis (TC vs. TT: OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.11-1.36; CC vs. TT: OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.14-1.48; dominant model: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.13-1.38). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found in Asains (TC vs. TT: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.10-1.40; CC vs. TT: ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218504 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218508&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shindo H, Yasui K, Yamamoto K, Honma K, Yui K, Kohno T, Ma Y, Chua KJ, Kubo Y, Aihara H, Ito T, Nagayasu T, Matsuyama T, Hayashi H Abstract Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4 is a member of the IRF transcription factor family, whose expression is primarily restricted to lymphoid and myeloid cells. In T-cells, IRF-4 expression is induced by T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking or treatment with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/Ionomycin, and IRF-4 is thought to be a critical factor for various functions of T-cells. To elucidate the IRF-4 functions in human adult T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected T-cells, which constitutively express IRF-4, we isolated IRF-4-binding proteins from T-cells, using a tandem affinity purification (TAP)-mass spectrometry strateg... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218508 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218507&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890375%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion these data demonstrate that adiponectin stimulates release of CCL2 to CCL5 in primary human monocytes, and induction in cells of overweight probands is partly impaired. Adiponectin also lowers surface abundance of CCR2 and CCR5 and downregulation of CCR2 seems to depend on autocrine/paracrine effects of CCL2. PMID: 21890375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218507 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218506&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu H, Li M, Wang P, Wang F Abstract Proinflammatory cytokines play vital roles in intestinal barrier function disruption. YC-1 has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, and to be a potential agent for sepsis treatment. Here, we investigated the protective effect of YC-1 against intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). To assess the protective effect of YC-1 on intestinal barrier function, Caco-2 monolayers treated with simultaneous IFN-γ and TNF-α were used to measure transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular permeability. To determine the mechanisms involved in the protective action of YC-1, expression and distribution of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in Ca... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218506 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218510&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harris J Abstract Autophagy is a highly conserved homoeostatic mechanism for the lysosomal degradation of cytosolic constituents, including long-lived macromolecules, organelles and intracellular pathogens. Autophagosomes are formed in response to a number of environmental stimuli, including amino acid deprivation, but also by both host- and pathogen-derived molecules, including toll-like receptor ligands and cytokines. In particular, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TGF-β have been shown to induce autophagy, while IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 are inhibitory. Moreover, autophagy can itself regulate the production and secretion of cytokines, including IL-1, IL-18, TNF-α, and Type I IFN. This review discusses the potentially pivotal roles of autophagy in the regulation of inf... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218510 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218509&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weiss G, Christensen HR, Zeuthen LH, Vogensen FK, Jakobsen M, Frøkiær H Abstract The health promoting effects of probiotics are well-documented; however, current knowledge on immunostimulatory effects is based on data from a single strain or a limited selection of strains or species. Here, we compared the capacity of 27 lactobacilli and 16 bifidobacteria strains to stimulate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC). Most lactobacilli strains, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, induced strong IL-12 and TNF-α production and up-regulation of maturation markers. In contrast, all bifidobacteria and certain lactobacilli strains were low IL-12 and TNF-α inducers. IL-10 and IL-6 levels showed less variat... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218509 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218511&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885294%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the effect of IL-17F on the expression of IL-17Rs, MMPs, TIMPs, type II collagen, aggrecan, link protein, and cyclooxygenases (COXs), as well as on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production. We also examined the indirect effect of PGE(2) on the above IL-17F-induced/reduced components using NS-398, a specific inhibitor of COX-2. Cells were cultured with or without IL-17F in the presence or absence of either an IL-17R antibody or NS-398 for up to 28days. Expression of IL-17Rs, MMPs, TIMPs, type II collagen, aggrecan, link protein, and COXs at mRNA and protein levels was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. PGE(2) production was determined by ELISA. The expression of all types of IL-17Rs was detected in chon... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218511 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218514&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bordón J, Plankey MW, Young M, Greenblatt RM, Villacres MC, French AL, Zhang J, Brock G, Appana S, Herold B, Durkin H, Golub JE, Fernandez-Botran R Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is the worldwide leading cause of death among HIV-infected individuals, accounting for more than half of AIDS-related deaths. A high risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been shown in early stages of the HIV disease, even in the presence of normal CD4(+) cell counts. Moreover, the factors that determine protective immunity vs. susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis cannot be fully explained by simple changes in IFNγ levels or a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokines. This work investigated the relationship between cytokine expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and susceptibility t... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218514 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218513&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880504%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our current study suggests that induction of G-CSF resulting from TS administration is responsible for protection from (60)Co γ-radiation injury. PMID: 21880504 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218513 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218512&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21880505%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: COPD is characterized by prominent neutrophilic inflammation and raised IFN-γ production at both bronchial and systemic level. Overproduction of TNF-α at systemic level correlates with disease severity and inversely with body mass index. PMID: 21880505 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218512 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218515&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21873076%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a proteomic analysis of neutrophils by 2D-DIGE provides proof-of-principle that cytokine-induced protein profiles can serve as biomarkers for the action of individual cytokines in vivo. PMID: 21873076 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218515 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218518&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Narimatsu S, Yoshioka Y, Watanabe H, Masano T, Morishige T, Yao X, Tanabe A, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S Abstract The cytokine lymphotoxin-α (LTα) is a promising anticancer agent; however, its instability currently limits its therapeutic potential. Modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) can improve their in vivo stability, but PEGylation occurs randomly at lysine residues and the N-terminus. Therefore, PEGylated proteins are generally heterogeneous and have lower bioactivity than their non-PEGylated counterparts. Previously, we created phage libraries expressing mutant LTαs in which the lysine residues of wild-type LTα (wtLTα) were substituted for other amino acids. Here, we attempted to create a lysine-deficient mutant... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218518 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218517&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871815%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated associations between serum levels of IL-18, uric acid, hemolytic markers, and inflammatory molecules in SCA patients. A cross-sectional study was performed including 45 SCA patients (median age of 20.5years) without general symptoms and who had not undergone blood transfusions. Inclusion criteria for the steady-state SCA patients were the absence of hospitalization and the absence of infections. Interleukin-18 and uric acid levels were correlated closely with markers of hemolysis, endothelial dysfunction and others cytokines levels. These findings suggest probable influences of IL-18 and uric acid in the pathophysiology of vascular occlusion in SCA. Additional studies should be performed to characterize similar prognosis markers and possible therapeutic targets. PM... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218517 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218516&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kroetz DN, Deepe GS Abstract Histoplasma capsulatum is a prevalent fungal pathogen in the United States, infecting approximately 500,000 individuals each year. Host protection requires an intact cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we will discuss how cytokines and chemokines influence protective immunity in H. capsulatum infection. PMID: 21871816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218516 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175017&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865054%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we report that a combination of functional SNPs within ADA and TNF-α genes can influence life-expectancy in a gender-specific manner and that males and females follow different pathways to attain longevity. PMID: 21865054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175017 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175016&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21865055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salminen A, Vuolteenaho R, Paananen R, Ojaniemi M, Hallman M Abstract Surfactant protein A (SP-A) functions in homeostasis of lung surfactant and in innate immunity. SP-A is secreted by the fetal lung into amniotic fluid. Additionally it has been detected in gestational tissues. We propose that SP-A influences intrauterine inflammation that is commonly associated with preterm birth, the main underlying cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. We used our previously established mouse model of LPS-induced preterm birth of live-born pups to investigate the role of SP-A in preterm birth. Mice overexpressing rat SP-A (rSP-A) under the control of human SP-C promoter were used. Cytokine concentrations in maternal and fetal serum and in amniotic fluid and mRNA levels of several ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175016 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175018&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21862344%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of Th2 cytokines appear to be unique to influenza caused by 2009 H1N1 influenza virus and HMGB1 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe pneumonia. There appear to be different pathologic processes for encephalopathy and pneumonia. PMID: 21862344 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175018 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175020&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li C, Chan YR Abstract Lipocalin 2 is a protein that has garnered a great deal of interest in multidisciplinary fields over the last two decades since its discovery. However, its exact function in metabolic processes remains to be completely characterized. More recently, it has come to light as a highly upregulated protein in the setting of injury and infection. This review focuses on lipocalin 2 regulation and its relationship to cytokine and endocrine signaling pathways. PMID: 21855366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175020 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175019&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lavoie TB, Kalie E, Crisafulli-Cabatu S, Abramovich R, Digioia G, Moolchan K, Pestka S, Schreiber G Abstract Vertebrates have multiple genes encoding Type I interferons (IFN), for reasons that are not fully understood. The Type I IFN appear to bind to the same heterodimeric receptor and the subtypes have been shown to have different potencies in various experimental systems. To put this concept on a quantitative basis, we have determined the binding affinities and rate constants of 12 human Alpha-IFN subtypes to isolated interferon receptor chains 1 and 2. Alpha-IFNs bind IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 at affinities of 0.5-5μM and 0.4-5nM respectively (except for IFN-alpha1 - 220nM). Additionally we have examined the biological activity of these molecules in several antiviral and anti... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175019 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5175019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141237&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao J, Li G, Zhang Y, Su X, Hang C Abstract Previous studies indicate that administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protects cortical neurons following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The mechanisms of rhEPO's neuroprotection are complex and interacting, including anti-apoptosis. Here we aim to demonstrate the role of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway on the anti-apoptotic effect of rhEPO in Feeney free falling TBI model. Activation of JAK2/STAT3 in pericontusional cortex was analyzed among rats in Sham, TBI, TBI+rhEPO, TBI+rhEPO+AG490 groups (rhEPO: 5000U/kgday; JAK2 inhibitor AG490: 5mg/kgday, intraperitoneal) through Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression (... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141237 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141236&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ben-Sasson SZ, Caucheteux S, Crank M, Hu-Li J, Paul WE Abstract IL-1 strikingly enhances antigen-driven responses of CD4 and CD8 T cells. It is substantially more effective than LPS and when added to a priming regime of antigen plus LPS, it strikingly enhances cell expansion. The effect is mediated by direct action on CD4 and CD8 T cells; the response occurs when OT-I or OT-II cells are transferred to B6 IL-1R1-/- recipients and only cells that express IL-1 receptors can respond. The major mechanism through which IL-1 enhances responses is by increasing survival of responding cells. IL-1 enhances the proportion of responding CD4 T cells that differentiate into Th17 cells and increases the proportion of responding CD8 cells that express granzyme B. Of a wide range of cytoki... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141236 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141235&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843951%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu X, Zhang B, Fan R, Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Kaye AD, Huang L, Pei J Abstract The role of the κ-opioid receptor in inflammation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the κ-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H modulates neutrophil accumulation and TNF-α induction in an ischemia-reperfusion injured rat heart model. Rats were randomly exposed to sham operation, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) alone, MI/R+U50,488H, MI/R+U50,488H+Wortmannin, and MI/R+U50,488H+L-NAME. The results demonstrated that compared to MI/R, U50,488H reduced myocardial infarction area, myocardial myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels, and both serum and myocardial TNF-α production. Increases were seen in NO(x) levels in the myocardium... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141235 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141234&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843952%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have identified and characterized five alternatively spliced isoforms of this gene. Several, but not all of these isoforms induce apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS, while none affect the survival of the non-cancerous NOK cell line. One of these isoforms, lacking three exons and encoding the N-terminal end of the mda-7/IL-24 protein sequence, caused levels of apoptosis that were higher than those caused by the full-length mda-7/IL-24 variant. Additionally, we found that the ratio of isoform expression can be modified by the splice factor SRp55. This regulation suggests that alternative splicing of mda-7/IL-24 is under tight control in the cell, and can be modified under various cellular conditions, such as DNA damage. In addition to providing new insights into t... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141234 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141233&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xing WW, Zou MJ, Liu S, Xu T, Gao J, Wang JX, Xu DG Abstract Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that is produced by activated Th22, Th1 and Th17 cells as well as natural killer cells, plays an important role in increase of innate immunity, protection from damage and enhancement of regeneration. Here, we examined the effects of IL-22 on acute liver failure model induced by d-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Administration of recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22) reduced the death rate markedly and prevented mice from severe hepatic injury, as evidenced by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (T.Bil) activity as well as improved histological signs in liver. Furthermore, IL-22 treatment decreased the hepat... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141233 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141238&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu M, Bordin A, Liu T, Russell K, Cohen N Abstract Focusing on the first 3weeks of life, this study examined the mRNA transcript development of different Th-type cytokines in foals in response to Rhodococcus equi infection in vitro. Results demonstrated the significant up-regulation in expression of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17, IL-23p19, and TNF-α) in R. equi infection of bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) cells of 10-day-old foals. Consequently, signature cytokines of 3 Th cell types, IFN-γ (Th1), IL-4 (Th2), and IL-17 (Th17), were used to compare temporal response patterns of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to stimulation with R. equi. Foals responded to R. equi stimulation by producing s... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141238 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141241&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824784%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the early inflammatory response following the cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) or its corresponding control treatment (sham-CLP or SCLP) in burn (B) male rats was analyzed by measuring 23 different cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines and chemokines, including MCP-1, IP-10, leptin, TNF-α, MIP-1α, IL-18, GMCSF, RANTES and GCSF were significantly altered in both B+CLP and B+SCLP groups. IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly up-regulated in the B+CLP group when compared to the B+SCLP group. Down regulation of leptin and IP-10 concentrations were found to be related to surgery and/or infection. IL-18 and MCP-1 were elevated in all groups including previously published single injury models receiving similar treatments. In this study, insult-specific mediators with their characteris... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141241 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141240&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma J, Ma D, Ji C Abstract IL-21, the newest member of the common γ-chain family of cytokines, has pleiotropic biological effects through regulating a variety of immune cells. Recently, the role of IL-21 in the treatment of cancers has been widely investigated. Conducted phase I trials in metastatic malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma have shown that rIL-21 has a favorable antitumor activity. Expression of IL-21 and IL-21R has also been found in many types of hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma. Through binding with IL-21R, IL-21 induces activation of different JAK/STAT signal transduction pathways and regulates proliferation or apoptosis of tumor cells. In this review, we will discuss the expre... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141240 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141239&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dungan LS, Mills KH Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 cyokine family plays a vital role in inflammatory responses during infection and in autoimmune diseases. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 are members of the IL-1 family that require cleavage by caspase-1 in the inflammasome to generate the mature active cytokines. Cells of the innate immune system, including γδ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells respond rapidly to invading pathogens by producing inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17. IL-1β or IL-18 in combination with IL-23 can induce IL-17 production by γδ T cells without T cell receptor (TCR) engagement. IL-1β and IL-23 can also synergize to induce IL-17 production by iNKT cells. Furthermore, CD4(+) αβ effector memory ... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141239 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141242&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821429%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that protein concentration patterns indicative of systemic inflammation are associated with several blood gas derangements raises the possibility that organ damage attributed to these derangements might be accompanied by or involve an inflammatory response. PMID: 21821429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141242 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141244&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820915%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A common polymorphism of CX(3)CR1 gene, Val240Ile is associated with the risk of RM in north Indian women. Risk of RM may also be modified by the presence of haplotypes T-I, M-V, G-T-I, A-T-I and A-M-V. PMID: 21820915 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141244 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141243&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820916%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to evaluate IL-8 and GRO-α plasma levels in preterm newborns infants of preeclamptic mothers. Newborns with gestational age <36weeks and birth weight <2000g were included and divided: non-preeclamptic (n=64) and preeclamptic groups (n=55). Exclusion criteria were major congenital malformations, inborn errors of metabolism or chromosomal anomalies, congenital infections, death in delivery room, and maternal chronic hypertension without preeclampsia. IL-8 and GRO-α were measured by enzyme immunoassay in the first 48h. Groups were similar in birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores at 5min, sepsis, RDS, mechanical ventilation, TPN, NEC, intraventricular hemorrhage and death. The preeclamptic group had more neutropenia, SGA, cesarean section, and less rupture of me... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141243 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141246&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi HJ, Kim MK, Ko JH, Lee HJ, Jeong HJ, Wee WR, Seong SY, Akira S Abstract Keratocytes are the first component to contact ocular pathogens when the epithelial barrier breaks down and the emerging evidences indicated keratocytes appeared to be one of the corneal cellular immune components. Little is known about the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in keratocytes, although it has been well documented that keratocytes constitutively express various TLRs including TLR2 and TLR4. In this in vitro study, the authors focused on the role of keratocytes in corneal innate immune system and cross-talk of keratocytes with resident antigen presenting cells (APCs), especially through TLR2 and TLR4. Primary cultivated keratocytes (corneal fibroblasts) from C57BL/6 mice per se activel... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141246 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141245&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820319%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, infliximab therapy was associated with improvement of patients' nutritional status, notably patients who responded to this biologic. Additionally, in patients with malnutrition and small bowel involvement, the nutritional impact of infliximab was higher. PMID: 21820319 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141245 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051625&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21767963%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Finasteride mediates salutary effects on the pulmonary immune response using a therapeutical approach following TH-CLP in mice. Thus, finasteride might represent a relevant therapeutic substance following major trauma also in the clinical setting. PMID: 21767963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051625 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051629&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764327%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that measurements of most of the cytokines evaluated in this study were highly reproducible over five-year periods. PMID: 21764327 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051629 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051628&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764596%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Li M, Xie K, Wen C, Cheng R, Chen C, Lu J A large number of studies have shown that the -1082A/G polymorphism (rs1800896) in the Interleukin-10 gene (IL-10) is implicated in the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the results are inconsistent and inconclusive. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between the -1082A/G polymorphism in the IL-10 gene and the RA risk by meta-analysis. A total of 1480 cases and 1413 controls in 10 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the G allele carriers (GG+GA) had a 25% decreased risk of RA, when compared with the homozygote AA (odds ratio (OR)=0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.93). In the analysis in Europeans, significant decrease... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051628 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051627&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764597%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Susceptible strains induce greater TNF-α and IL-1β productions than resistant strains. ERK kinase plays a major role in viable E. coli strains inducing TNF-α and IL-1β production. E. coli exerts an effect on the pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein through a TLR-4-independent mechanism. PMID: 21764597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051627 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051626&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21764598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott ME, Wilson SS, Cosentino LA, Richardson BA, Moscicki AB, Hillier SL, Herold BC The interlaboratory reproducibility of cytokine measurements from cervicovaginal samples by Luminex has not been reported. Using cervicovaginal lavage specimens collected on three study days from 12 women participating in a Phase I microbicide study, we measured a panel of eight cytokines in three independent laboratories. Four (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF) were below the limit of detection in the majority (85%) of samples in either two or all three laboratories, an observation that may guide analyte selection for future studies. Good interlaboratory agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient, r>0.7) in absolute levels was observed for IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, while poor agreement was s... Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051626 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051630&cid=s_35506_67_f&fid=35506&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763153%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: IL-8 -251 A/T polymorphism is associated with ACS risk in the Chinese Han population and the A allele of IL-8 -251 A/T may be an independent predictive factor for ACS. PMID: 21763153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cytokine) Cytokine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051630 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051630