MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews' source. Mon, 02 Nov 2009 16:49:05 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768892&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fast DK, Conry J The life-long neurological impairments found in people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), including learning disabilities, impulsivity, hyperactivity, social ineptness, and poor judgment, can increase susceptibility to victimization and involvement in the criminal justice system (CJS). Individuals with FASDs become involved in the CJS as complainants, witnesses, and accused. Their disabilities, resulting from the prenatal alcohol exposure, must be considered at all stages in the legal process. Adverse experiences, such as having a dysfunctional family background, mental health problems, and substance use disorders, are compounding factors. Experiencing physical, sexual, and emotional abuse also increases the risk that these individuals will become ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768892 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768891&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731383%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will review treatment needs and considerations for individuals with FASDs and their families, current empirically tested treatment approaches, case management issues, and suggestions for future directions in research on the treatment of FASDs. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:258-267. PMID: 19731383 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768891 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768890&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731384%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: May PA, Gossage JP, Kalberg WO, Robinson LK, Buckley D, Manning M, Hoyme HE Researching the epidemiology and estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) for mainstream populations anywhere in the world has presented a challenge to researchers. Three major approaches have been used in the past: surveillance and record review systems, clinic-based studies, and active case ascertainment methods. The literature on each of these methods is reviewed citing the strengths, weaknesses, prevalence results, and other practical considerations for each method. Previous conclusions about the prevalence of FAS and total FASD in the United States (US) population are summarized. Active approaches which provide clinical outreach, r... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768890 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768889&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731385%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kodituwakku PW The question of whether children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit a unique neurocognitive profile has received considerable attention over the past three decades. The identification of a syndrome-specific neurocognitive profile would aid in diagnosing prenatally exposed children with cognitive deficits who do not exhibit clinically discernable physical anomalies. The current review of the literature, therefore, focuses on the studies of higher-order cognitive skills in children with FASDs with a view towards delineating a pattern of cognitive functioning. Researchers have documented that children with FASDs show diminished intellectual functioning, with average IQ scores falling within the borderline to low average ranges. Slow information pr... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768889 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768888&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731386%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Connor MJ, Paley B Since the identification of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) over 35 years ago, mounting evidence about the impact of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has prompted increased attention to the link between prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and a constellation of developmental disabilities that are characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. These disabilities include a continuum of developmental disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Longitudinal studies suggest that individuals with FASDs are at a greatly increased risk for adverse long-term outcomes, including mental health problems and poor social adjustment. This review summarizes the existing literature on mental health outcomes for individuals with PAE... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768888 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768887&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731387%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kelly SJ, Goodlett CR, Hannigan JH Animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have been used to demonstrate the specificity of alcohol's teratogenic effects and some of the underlying changes in the central nervous system (CNS) and, more recently, to explore ways to ameliorate the effects of alcohol. The main point of this review is to highlight research findings from the animal literature which point to the impact of the social context or social behavior on the effect(s) of alcohol exposure during development, and also to point to research questions about the social environment and effects of prenatal alcohol exposure that remain to be answered. Alcohol exposure during early development alters maternal responding to the exposed pup in a variety of ways and the al... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768887 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768886&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731388%26dopt%3DAbstract This article integrates multiple information sources to better understand the role of family factors in the outcome of individuals with FASD, and how the family is affected by raising a child with this lifelong condition. A brief description of the useful informal literature is brought together with a review of the surprisingly limited body of systematic research findings on FASD and caregiver/family function, and new data describing children with FASD and characteristics of their caregivers. Directions for future data-gathering and intervention development emerge from combining what is already known with an exploration of what can be learned from a highly targeted review of family-related data in the wide-ranging, general literature on developmental disabilities, and use of a proposed con... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768886 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768885&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731389%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paley B PMID: 19731389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768885 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768884&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731390%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides an overview of the inherent confusion when new scientific findings confront prevailing medical practice, the history involved in this confusion with respect to FASD, including public policy and legal issues that have arisen around alcohol and pregnancy, and the research and clinical challenges still being faced. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:170-175. PMID: 19731390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768884 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768883&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Norman AL, Crocker N, Mattson SN, Riley EP The detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain include structural brain anomalies as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Initial neuroimaging studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed previous autopsy reports of overall reduction in brain volume and central nervous system (CNS) disorganization, with specific structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, caudate, and hippocampus. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed detection of regional increases in cortical thickness and gray matter volume along with decreased volume and disorganization of white matter in individuals with FASD. In addition, functional imaging stud... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768883 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2768882&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19731392%26dopt%3DAbstract This report reviews evidence supporting alcohol screening and brief intervention as an effective approach to reducing problem drinking and AEPs that can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In addition, this article highlights a recent report of the National Task Force on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effect that describes effective interventions to reduce alcohol use and AEPs, and outlines recommendations on promoting and improving these strategies. Utilizing evidence-based alcohol screening tools and brief counseling for women at risk for an AEP and other effective population-based strategies can help achieve future alcohol-free pregnancies. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:193-199. PMID: 19731392 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Devel... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2768882 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2768882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528376&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suskauer SJ, Huisman TA Although neuroimaging has long played a role in the acute management of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), until recently, its use as a tool for understanding and predicting long-term brain-behavior relationships after TBI has been limited by the relatively poor sensitivity of routine clinical imaging for detecting diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Newer magnetic resonance-based imaging techniques demonstrate improved sensitivity to DAI. Early research suggests that these techniques hold promise for identifying imaging predictors and correlates of chronic function, both globally and within specific neuropsychological domains. In this review, we describe the principles of new, advanced imaging techniques including diffusion weighted and diffusion tensor ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528376 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528375&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489083%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the current literature on predicting outcomes after pediatric ABI, and areas in need of further research are discussed. PMID: 19489083 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528375 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528374&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Johnston MV Neuronal plasticity allows the central nervous system to learn skills and remember information, to reorganize neuronal networks in response to environmental stimulation, and to recover from brain and spinal cord injuries. Neuronal plasticity is enhanced in the developing brain and it is usually adaptive and beneficial but can also be maladaptive and responsible for neurological disorders in some situations. Basic mechanisms that are involved in plasticity include neurogenesis, programmed cell death, and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stimulation of synapses can cause long-term potentiation or long-term depression of neurotransmission. These changes are associated with physical changes in dendritic spines and neuronal circuits. Overproduction of ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528374 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528373&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slomine B, Locascio G Cognitive deficits are frequent consequences of acquired brain injury (ABI) and often require intervention. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on cognitive rehabilitation in a variety of treatment domains including attention, memory, unilateral neglect, speech and language, executive functioning, and family involvement/education. Because there are more well-designed studies examining the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in adults with brain injury, the major findings from this body of literature are also highlighted. In addition, given that similar cognitive and behavioral concerns are often apparent in children with certain neurodevelopmental disorders, selected literature focusing on interventions for these groups of children is incl... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528373 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528372&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carney J, Porter P Onset of acquired central nervous system (CNS) injury during the normal developmental process of childhood can have impact on cognitive, behavioral, and motor function. This alteration of function often necessitates special education programming, modifications, and accommodations in the education setting for successful school reentry. Special education is not necessarily a special classroom, but an individualized set of educational needs, determined by a multidisciplinary school team, to promote educational success. The purpose of this article is to inform those pediatricians and pediatric allied health professionals treating children with CNS injury of the systems in place to support successful school reentry and their role in contributing to developing an ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528372 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528371&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489087%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cole WR, Paulos SK, Cole CA, Tankard C Pediatric acquired brain injury (BI) not only affects the child with the injury, but also greatly impacts their family. Studies suggest there are higher rates of caregiver and sibling psychological distress after a child in the family has sustained a BI. Also, family functioning after BI impacts the child's recovery. In reviewing the literature, we identified seven theoretical clinical guidelines for working with families of children and adolescents with BI. These clinical guidelines are as follows: (1) select developmentally appropriate interventions, (2) match the intervention to the family, (3) provide advocacy, (4) provide injury education, (5) focus on family realignment, (6) appropriately adjust the child's environment, and (7) prov... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528371 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528370&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brady K, Garcia T The purpose of this article is to describe theoretical and research bases for constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), to discuss key features and variations in protocols currently in use with children, and to review the results of studies of efficacy. CIMT has been found to be an effective intervention for increasing functional use of the hemiparetic upper extremity in adults with chronic disability from stroke. CIMT developed out of behavioral research on the phenomenon of "learned nonuse" of an upper extremity, commonly observed following sensory and/or motor CNS injury, in which failure to regain use persists even after a period of partial recovery. CIMT includes three key elements: (1) constraining the use of the less-impaired upper extremity (UE); (2... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528370 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528369&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489089%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christensen JR, Pidcock FS PMID: 19489089 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528369 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528368&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Slifer KJ, Amari A Behavioral problems such as disinhibition, irritability, restlessness, distractibility, and aggression are common after acquired brain injury (ABI). The persistence and severity of these problems impair the brain-injured individual's reintegration into family, school, and community life. Since the early 1980s, behavior analysis and therapy have been used to address the behavioral sequelae of ABI. These interventions are based on principles of learning and behavior that have been robustly successful when applied across a broad range of other clinical populations. Most of the research on behavioral treatment after ABI has involved clinical case studies or studies employing single-subject experimental designs across a series of cases. The literature supports th... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528368 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2528367&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19489091%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews basic and clinical science evidence pertaining to implementation of physical activity and exercise as a therapeutic tool in the management of chronic spinal cord-related neurological paralysis. PMID: 19489091 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2528367 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:35:03 +0100 2528367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184926&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213009%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Smedt B, Swillen A, Verschaffel L, Ghesquière P Mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) occur frequently in children with specific genetic disorders, like Turner syndrome, fragile X syndrome and neurofibromatosis. This review focuses on MLD in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). This syndrome is the most common known microdeletion syndrome with a prevalence of at least 1:4000 to 1:6000 live births. Although the clinical presentation of 22q11DS is quite variable, its major characteristics include velopharyngeal abnormalities, congenital cardiac anomalies, mild facial dysmorphism and learning difficulties. Children with 22q11DS show considerable difficulties in mathematics, despite relatively normal reading performance. While fact retrieval see... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184926 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184924&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213010%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baroody AJ, Bajwa NP, Eiland M Memorizing the basic number combinations, such as 9 + 7 = 16 and 16 - 9 = 7, is a punishing and insurmountable task for children with difficulties learning mathematics. Two perspectives on such learning lead to different conclusions about the primary source of this key learning difficulty. According to the conventional wisdom (the Passive Storage View), memorizing a basic fact is a simple form of learning-merely forming and strengthening an association between an expression and its answer. The two primary reasons this simple form of learning does not occur are inadequate practice or, in cases where adequate practice has been provided, a defect in the learner. According to the number sense perspective (Active Construction View), memorizing the bas... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184924 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184922&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213011%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides an overview of children's mathematics difficulties in relation to socioeconomic status (SES). We review foundations for early mathematics learning and key characteristics of mathematics learning difficulties. A particular focus is the delays or deficiencies in number competencies exhibited by low-income children entering school. Weaknesses in number competence can be reliably identified in early childhood, and there is good evidence that most children have the capacity to develop number competence that lays the foundation for later learning. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:60-68. PMID: 19213011 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184922 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184920&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213012%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the evidence on mathematical ability in WS, focusing on the integrity and developmental path of two fundamental representations, namely those that support judgments of "how much" (i.e., magnitude) and "how many" (i.e., number of objects). Studies on magnitude or "number line" representation in WS suggest that this core aspect of mathematical ability, is atypical in WS throughout development, causing differences on some but not all aspects of math. Studies on the representation of small numbers of objects in WS are also reviewed, given the proposed links between this type of representation and early number skills such as counting. In WS, representation appears to be relatively typical in infancy but limitations become evident by maturity, suggesting a truncated developm... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184920 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184919&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213013%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: English LH, Barnes MA, Taylor HB, Landry SH Spina bifida (SB) is a neural tube defect diagnosed before or at birth that is associated with a high incidence of math disability often without co-occurring difficulties in reading. SB provides an interesting population within which to examine the development of mathematical abilities and disability across the lifespan and in relation to the deficits in visual-spatial processing that are also associated with the disorder. An overview of math and its cognitive correlates in preschoolers, school-age children and adults with SB is presented including the findings from a longitudinal study linking early executive functions in infancy to the development of later preschool and school age math skills. These findings are discussed in relati... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184919 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184918&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murphy MM The prevalence rate of mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) among children with fragile X syndrome who do not meet criteria for intellectual and developmental disabilities ( approximately 50% of female children) exceeds the rate reported in the general population. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (1) to review the findings on MLD in persons with fragile X syndrome; and (2) to discuss fragile X syndrome as a possible model for understanding pathways to MLD. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2009;15:21-27. PMID: 19213014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184918 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184917&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzocco MM Turner syndrome is a common disorder with a prevalence of 1:2,500 live female births. Although not associated with mental retardation, there is an increased risk of learning difficulties in this population. In particular, mathematical learning difficulties among girls with Turner syndrome are prevalent, significant, and persistent. As such, the study of mathematical performance in girls with Turner syndrome presents opportunities to advance our knowledge of mathematics ability, disability, and disability subtypes. Moreover, the Turner syndrome phenotype illustrates the challenges faced when defining mathematical learning disability (MLD) and characterizing MLD subtypes because the cognitive phenotype is aligned with several proposed MLD subtypes. There is some evid... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184917 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184916&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor HG, Espy KA, Anderson PJ Children with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) or very preterm birth (VPTB, <32 weeks gestational age or GA) have more mathematics disabilities or deficiencies (MD) and higher rates of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) than normal birth weight term-born children (NBW, >2500 g and >36 weeks GA). MD are found even in children without global disorders in cognition or neurosensory status and when IQ is controlled, and they are associated with other learning problems and weaknesses in perceptual motor abilities and executive function. Factors related to poorer mathematics outcomes include lower birth weight and GA, neonatal complications, and possible abnormalities in brain structure. While little is known about the nature of M... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184916 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184915&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzocco MM PMID: 19213017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184915 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184914&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moore BD Neurofibromatosis, type 1 (NF-1) is a common genetic disorder affecting 1 in 3,500-4,000 individuals in the world. Mutations of the NF-1 gene produce a myriad of physical, medical, and psychological manifestations. Although there is a very high degree of variability in the manifestations between individuals with NF-1, the majority of children and adolescents with NF-1 encounter difficulties that negatively impact their educational attainment. NF-1 is associated with a very high incidence of cognitive deficits and learning disability, sometimes including mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). A number of possible inter-related etiologies for MLD specific to children and adolescents with NF-1 are discussed, including the high incidence of attention deficit hyperactiv... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184914 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2184912&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19213019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dennis M, Berch DB, Mazzocco MM What is mathematical learning disability (MLD)? The reviews in this special issue adopt different approaches to defining the construct of MLD. Collectively, they demonstrate the current status of efforts to establish a consensus definition and the challenges faced in this endeavor. In this commentary, we reflect upon the proposed pathways to mathematical learning difficulties and disabilities presented across the reviews. Specifically we consider how each of the reviews contributes to identifying the MLD phenotype by specifying the range of assets and deficits in mathematics, identifying sources of individual variation, and characterizing the natural progression of MLD over the life course. We show how principled comparisons across disorders add... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2184912 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2184912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042745&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072750%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vaidya CJ, Stollstorff M Cognitive neuroscience studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggest multiple loci of pathology with respect to both cognitive domains and neural circuitry. Cognitive deficits extend beyond executive functioning to include spatial, temporal, and lower-level "nonexecutive" functions. Atypical functional anatomy extends beyond frontostriatal circuits to include posterior cortices, limbic regions, and the cerebellum. Pathophysiology includes dopaminergic as well as noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems. We review the major insights gained from functional brain imaging studies in ADHD and discuss working hypotheses regarding their neurochemical underpinnings. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:261-267. PMID: 190... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042745 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042744&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072751%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes major findings in the area of inhibitory performance in ADHD and highlights recent research suggesting important areas of divergence between the subtypes. In particular, preliminary findings point to potential differences between the subtypes with respect to how children process important contextual information from the environment, such as preparatory cues that precede responses and rewarding or punishing feedback following behavior. These suggestive findings are discussed in the context of treatment implications, which could involve differential intervention approaches for each subtype targeted to the specific deficit profiles that characterize each group of children. Future research avenues aimed toward building a sound theoretical model of ADHD/I and a better und... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042744 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042743&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deutsch CK, Dube WV, McIlvane WJ Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its earlier nosologic classifications have been extensively investigated since the 1960s, with PubMed listings alone exceeding 13,000 entries. Strides have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in individuals with intellectual function in the normal range, as described in companion reviews in this special issue. In contrast, comparatively little is known about ADHD in intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD) despite the possibility that ADHD is statistically overrepresented among individuals with IDD (Pearson et al. 1997 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in mental retardation: nature of attention deficits. In: Burack J, Enns J, editors. Attention, development, and psycho... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042743 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042742&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072753%26dopt%3DAbstract This article extends previous reviews regarding the peer problems of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in several ways. In addition to summarizing past and current literature regarding the social behaviors of children with ADHD, these behaviors are discussed in terms of subtype and gender differences and treatment implications. Given limited effectiveness of treatment options, whether it be medication, behavioral modification, or social skills training, there is a need to examine additional factors that may contribute to the social impairment of children with ADHD. Therefore, this review focuses on potential neuropsychological deficits, biased perceptions of social ability, and deficits in encoding and processing social information that may contribute to the soc... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042742 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042741&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072754%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jitendra AK, Dupaul GJ, Someki F, Tresco KE Although children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant academic difficulties in school settings, considerably less attention is devoted to remediating their academic problems when compared to behavioral and social difficulties. The purpose of this article is to review empirically supported academic interventions for children with ADHD. Specific evidence-based academic interventions are described under the categories of reading and mathematics, with examples that illustrate teacher-mediated interventions focusing on basic skills (e.g., phonological awareness in reading, mathematics computation) and higher-level cognitive skills (e.g., collaborative strategic reading, CSR; schema-based instruction, S... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042741 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042740&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Denckla MB PMID: 19072755 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042740 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042739&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072756%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahone EM, Wodka EL Since boys are more commonly diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) than girls, the majority of theories and published research studies of ADHD have been based on samples comprised primarily (or exclusively) of boys. While psychosocial impairment in girls with ADHD is well established, the neuropsychological and neurobiological basis of these deficits is less consistently observed. There is growing evidence that boys' and girls' brains develop and mature at different rates, suggesting that the trajectory of early anomalous brain development in ADHD may also be sex-specific. It remains unclear, however, whether earlier brain maturation observed in girls with ADHD is protective. In this review, we outline the current theory and researc... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042739 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042738&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antshel KM The diagnosis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children with a high intellectual quotient (IQ) and/or giftedness is controversial with many opinions existing on both sides of the debate. Relationships between IQ and cognitive vulnerabilities frequently described in the ADHD population vary in strength. Data asserting the validity of ADHD in the high IQ/giftedness population are discussed with comparisons made to average IQ ADHD. Educational implications of having ADHD in thecontext of a high IQ/giftedness are presented. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:293-299. PMID: 19072757 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042738 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042737&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072758%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the research literature on psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the context of the developmental and contextual needs of this population (e.g., increased parenting demands, differences in classroom structure, and the child's emerging developmental capacities). Discussion of the findings and limitations of existing studies is provided for parent-training approaches, classroom management strategies, and multimodal treatments. Although the empirical base is quite small for ADHD-specific samples, parent-training interventions have the greatest overall support for improving behavioral outcomes, with a variety of different approaches having shown effectiveness. Very few studies of classroom management and... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042737 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2042736&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19072759%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weyandt LL, Dupaul GJ According to the American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR, 2000], Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 3-7% of the school aged population and 2-4% of the adult population. Recently, college students with ADHD have begun to receive more attention, largely due to the increase in numbers of high school students with ADHD pursuing higher education, as well as reports of prescription stimulant misuse on college campuses. The purpose of the present article is to summarize major research findings concerning developmental issues facing college students with ADHD. Overall, findings suggest that relative to the general college population, college students with ADHD are at greater risk for academic and psychological difficulties, ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2042736 Fri, 12 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2042736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884409&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waber DP, Pomeroy SL PMID: 18924153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884409 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884408&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924154%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Janzen LA, Spiegler BJ This review will describe the neurocognitive outcomes associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its treatment. The literature is reviewed with the aim of addressing methodological issues, treatment factors, risks and moderators, special populations, relationship to neuroimaging findings, and directions for future research. It is concluded that neurocognitive outcomes for the majority of children with standard-risk ALL treated according to current chemotherapy protocols is relatively good, but subgroups of children are more significantly compromised. As medical treatments advance and survival rates continue to improve, neurocognitive outcomes and other quality of life indicators will become increasingly important. Preventing or amel... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884408 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884407&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monje M Cranial radiation therapy is associated with a progressive decline in cognitive function, prominently memory function. Impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis is thought to be an important mechanism underlying this cognitive decline. Recent work has elucidated the mechanisms of radiation-induced failure of neurogenesis. Potential therapeutic interventions are emerging. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:238-242. PMID: 18924155 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884407 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884406&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924156%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a model for understanding systemic interactions among the multiple factors that influence the child's development over time and take into account contextual variables. Strategies for optimizing cognitive and psychosocial outcomes or ameliorating late effects need to consider treatment histories, specific stages of development, the contextual demands/developmental challenges associated with each, and the resources (internal and external to the child) available to meet these challenges. The challenges faced by survivors at the early childhood, middle childhood, adolescent, and emerging adulthood stages are discussed. We review different types of interventions and discuss how these can contribute to optimal functioning in survivors of childhood ALL and brain tumors. (c) 2008 Wiley-... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884406 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884405&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Butler RW, Sahler OJ, Askins MA, Alderfer MA, Katz ER, Phipps S, Noll RB A very brief historical review on the identification of neurocognitive deficits in patients treated for a pediatric malignancy that involved CNS disease, treatment, or a combination is provided. This review is particularly directed toward providing a foundation upon which the introduction of specific brain injury rehabilitation efforts and subsequent research were introduced into this population of patients. Three primary methods by which clinicians and researchers have attempted to improve neurocognitive functioning with survivors of pediatric cancer that have suffered a CNS insult are identified. From a pharmacological perspective, research is reviewed that documents the potential beneficial effects of ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884405 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884404&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924158%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ris MD, Beebe DW As a group, children with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) enjoy a high rate of long-term survival and do not require the intensity of neurotoxic treatments used with higher risk pediatric brain tumors. Because they are generally considered to have favorable neurobehavioral outcomes, they have not been studied as thoroughly as higher-grade brain tumors by late-effects researchers. In this article, we review the literature on the neurobehavioral effects associated with low-grade gliomas and conclude that, (1) this is a large, understudied group of survivors of pediatric brain tumors; (2) recent small- and large-scale studies document increased risk in multiple cognitive-behavioral domains after treatment for LGGs compared with healthy peers; (3) such risk is not unifor... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884404 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884403&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Palmer SL The population of survivors following diagnosis and treatment for medulloblastoma is thankfully on the rise. An increased focus on the quality of that survivorship has expanded the concept of cure to include efforts aimed at improving long-term cognitive outcome. It is well established in the literature that decline in overall intellect and academic performance is experienced by a majority of those undergoing treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma. This decline is believed to be secondary to decline in core cognitive abilities, which in turn are related to underlying damage to neuroanatomical substrates. A review of research on neurodevelopmental impacts following diagnosis and treatment for pediatric medulloblastoma is presented. Particular consideration is given t... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884403 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884402&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924160%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robaey P, Krajinovic M, Marcoux S, Moghrabi A Pharmacogenetics holds the promise of minimizing adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes of cancer patients by identifying patients at risk, enabling the individualization of treatment and the planning of close follow-up and early remediation. This review focuses first on methotrexate, a drug often implicated in neurotoxicity, especially when used in combination with brain irradiation. The second focus is on glucocorticoids that have been found to be linked to adverse developmental effects in relation with the psychosocial environment. For both examples, we review how polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in specific mechanisms of action could moderate adverse neurodevelopmental consequences, eventually through common final ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884402 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884401&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924161%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wells EM, Walsh KS, Khademian ZP, Keating RF, Packer RJ The postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), consisting of diminished speech output, hypotonia, ataxia, and emotional lability, occurs after surgery in up to 25% of patients with medulloblastoma and occasionally after removal of other posterior fossa tumors. Although the mutism is transient, speech rarely normalizes and the syndrome is associated with long-term adverse neurological, cognitive, and psychological sequelae. The clinical, neuroradiographic, and neuropsychological findings associated with CMS as well as possible mechanisms of injury are reviewed. Theories about the pathophysiology of CMS have evolved along with our understanding of the cerebellum as an important structure in the distributive neurocircui... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884401 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1884400&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18924162%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ullrich NJ Each year in the United States, an average of one to two children per 10,000 develop cancer. The etiology of most childhood cancer remains largely unknown but is likely attributable to random or induced genetic aberrations in somatic tissue. However, a subset of children develops cancer in the setting of an underlying inheritable condition involving a germline genetic mutation or chromosomal aberration. Despite overall improved survival rates for children with cancer over recent decades, many patients experience neurological and neurocognitive complications during the course of their illness and/or as late effects of treatment. Improvements in therapy, longer survival times, and improved imaging techniques have all increased both the time that patients are at risk a... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1884400 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1884400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715048&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18612330%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simon TJ In this article, I present an updated account that attempts to explain, in cognitive processing and neural terms, the nonverbal intellectual impairments experienced by most children with deletions of chromosome 22q11.2. Specifically, I propose that this genetic syndrome leads to early developmental changes in the structure and function of clearly delineated neural circuits for basic spatiotemporal cognition. This dysfunction then cascades into impairments in basic magnitude and then numerical processes, because of the central role that representations of space and time play in their construction. I propose that this takes the form of "spatiotemporal hypergranularity"; the increase in grain size and thus reduced resolution of mental representations of spatial and tempo... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715048 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715047&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18636629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715047 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715046&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kates WR, Emanuel BS PMID: 18636630 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715046 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715045&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shprintzen RJ Velo-cardio-facial syndrome is one of the names that has been attached to one of the most common multiple anomaly syndromes in humans. The labels DiGeorge sequence, 22q11 deletion syndrome, conotruncal anomalies face syndrome, CATCH 22, and Sedlacková syndrome have all been attached to the same disorder. Velo-cardio-facial syndrome has an expansive phenotype with more than 180 clinical features described that involve essentially every organ and system. The syndrome has drawn considerable attention because a number of common psychiatric illnesses are phenotypic features including attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. The expression is highly variable with some individuals being essentially normal at the mildest end of the spectrum, ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715045 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715044&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Emanuel BS Several recurrent, constitutional genomic disorders are present on chromosome 22q. These include the translocations and deletions associated with DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndrome and the translocations that give rise to the recurrent t(11;22) supernumerary der(22) syndrome (Emanuel syndrome). The rearrangement breakpoints on 22q cluster around the chromosome-specific segmental duplications of proximal 22q11, which are involved in the etiology of these disorders. While the deletions are the result of nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low copy repeats or segmental duplications within 22q11, the t(11;22) is the result of rearrangement between palindromic AT-rich repeats on 11q and 22q. Here we describe the mechanisms responsible for these recurre... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715044 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715043&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636633%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aggarwal VS, Morrow BE Velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), the most common micro-deletion disorder in humans, is characterized by craniofacial, parathyroid, and thymic defects as well as cardiac outflow tract malformations. Most patients have a similar hemizygous 3 million base pair deletion on 22q11.2. Studies in mouse have shown that Tbx1, a T-box containing transcription factor present on the deleted region, is likely responsible for the etiology of the syndrome. Furthermore, mutations in TBX1 have been found in rare non-deleted patients. Despite having the same sized deletion, most VCFS/DGS patients exhibit significant clinical variability. Stochastic, environmental and genetic factors likely modify the phenotype of patients with the disorder. Here, w... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715043 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715042&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prasad SE, Howley S, Murphy KC There is an overwhelming evidence that children and adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have a characteristic behavioral phenotype. In particular, there is a growing body of evidence that indicates an unequivocal association between 22q11.2DS and schizophrenia, especially in adulthood. Deletion of 22q11.2 is the third highest risk for the development of schizophrenia, with only a greater risk conferred by being the child of two parents with schizophrenia or the monozygotic co-twin of an affected individual. Both linkage and association studies of people with schizophrenia have implicated several susceptibility genes, of which three are in the 22q11.2 region; catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), and Gnb... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715042 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715041&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carotti A, Digilio MC, Piacentini G, Saffirio C, Di Donato RM, Marino B Specific types and subtypes of cardiac defects have been described in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome as well as in other genetic syndromes. The conotruncal heart defects occurring in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome include tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, isolated anomalies of the aortic arch, and ventricular septal defect. These conotruncal heart defects are frequently associated in this syndrome with additional cardiovascular anomalies of the aortic arch, pulmonary arteries, infundibular septum, and semilunar valves complicating cardiac anatomy and surgical treatment. In this review we describe the surgica... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715041 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715040&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636636%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antshel KM, Fremont W, Kates WR Although research has focused primarily on the wide range of variability in the cognitive phenotype between individuals with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), we know relatively little about the extent to which within-individual expressions of the cognitive phenotype remain stable throughout development. General cognitive functioning in the low borderline range is the most consistent cognitive finding. Stronger reading decoding and spelling skills as well as auditory/verbal rote memory skills have been reported to be areas of relative strength. Conversely, significant visuospatial dysfunction, diminished math attainment, and executive dysfunction have all been reported as phenotypic. We propose several considerations that could advance our kno... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715040 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715039&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636637%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gothelf D, Schaer M, Eliez S Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) has been in the focus of intensive research over the last 15 years. The syndrome represents a homogeneous model for studying the effect of a decreased dosage of genes on the development of brain structure and function and, consequently, on the emergence of schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder. In this review, we describe the psychiatric phenotype of children, adolescents, and young adults with VCFS. We redefine the concept of "behavioral phenotype" and suggest that psychosis fulfills the criteria of a behavioral phenotype of the syndrome. Identifying the risk factors for the emergence of psychosis in VCFS is a major goal of several large-scale longitudinal studies that are currently underway. We review the knowle... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715039 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715038&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18636638%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH Because of advances in palliative medical care, children with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are surviving into adulthood. An increase in reproductive fitness will likely follow necessitating enhanced access to genetic counseling for these patients and their families. Primary care physicians/obstetric practitioners are in a unique position to identify previously undiagnosed patients as they reach reproductive age and to refer them for genetic counseling. To date, most deletions are de novo, secondary to homologous recombination between low-copy repeat sequences located within 22q11.2. Nonetheless, both somatic and germ line mosaicism has been observed giving unaffected parents a small risk of recurrence. Once present though there is a 50% chance fo... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715038 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715037&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646012%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Altaf MA, Sood MR The enteric nervous system is an integrative brain with collection of neurons in the gastrointestinal tract which is capable of functioning independently of the central nervous system (CNS). The enteric nervous system modulates motility, secretions, microcirculation, immune and inflammatory responses of the gastrointestinal tract. Dysphagia, feeding intolerance, gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, and constipation are few of the medical problems frequently encountered in children with developmental disabilities. Alteration in bowel motility have been described in most of these disorders and can results from a primary defect in the enteric neurons or central modulation. The development and physiology of the enteric nervous system is discussed along with t... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715037 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715036&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646013%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cooper-Brown L, Copeland S, Dailey S, Downey D, Petersen MC, Stimson C, Van Dyke DC Children with genetic syndromes frequently have feeding problems and swallowing dysfunction as a result of the complex interactions between anatomical, medical, physiological, and behavioral factors. Feeding problems associated with genetic disorders may also cause feeding to be unpleasant, negative, or even painful because of choking, coughing, gagging, fatigue, or emesis, resulting in the child to stop eating and to develop behaviors that make it difficult, if not impossible, for a parent to feed their child. In addition, limited experiences with oral intake related to the medical or physical conditions, or other variables such as prematurity, often result in a failure of the child's oral mot... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715036 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715035&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646014%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith PM, Ferguson AV Hunger is defined as a strong desire or need for food while satiety is the condition of being full or gratified. The maintenance of energy homeostasis requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The regulation of food intake is a complex behavior. It requires discrete nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) to detect signals from the periphery regarding metabolic status, process and integrate this information in a coordinated manner and to provide appropriate responses to ensure that the individual does not enter a state of positive or negative energy balance. This review of hunger and satiety will examine the CNS circuitries involved in the control of energy homeostasis as well as signals from the periphery, both hormonal and ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715035 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715034&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arvedson JC Assessment of infants and children with dysphagia (swallowing problems) and feeding disorders involves significantly more considerations than a clinical observation of a feeding. In addition to the status of feeding in the child, considerations include health status, broad environment, parent-child interactions, and parental concerns. Interdisciplinary team approaches allow for coordinated global assessment and management decisions. Underlying etiologies or diagnoses must be delineated to every extent possible because treatment will vary according to history and current status in light of all factors that are often interrelated in complex ways. A holistic approach to evaluation is stressed with a primary goal for every child to receive adequate nutrition and hydrat... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715034 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715033&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Halford JC, Harrold JA The regulation of appetite relies on the integration of numerous episodic (meal) and tonic (energy storage) generated signals in energy regulatory centres within the central nervous system (CNS). These centers provide the pharmacological potential to modify human appetite (hunger and satiety) to increase or decrease caloric intake, or to normalize aberrant eating behavior. With regard to obesity, the satiety enhancing anti-obesity drug sibutramine has proved effective at reducing body weight. Additionally, the endocannabinoid CB(1) antagonist rimonabant has recently been approved for use in Europe (but not in the US). A 5-HT(2C) agonist lorcaserin is also currently undergoing large-scale clinical trials, but the effect of the drug on human appetite is un... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715033 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715032&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piazza CC PMID: 18646017 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715032 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715031&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petersen MC, Rogers BT PMID: 18646018 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715031 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715030&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646019%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller AJ The neurobiological study of swallowing and its dysfunction, defined as dysphagia, has evolved over two centuries beginning with electrical stimulation applied directly to the central nervous system, and then followed by systematic investigations that have used lesioning, transmagnetic stimulation, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. The field has evolved from mapping the central neural pathway and peripheral nerves, to defining the importance of specific regions of the lower brain stem in terms of interneurons that provide sequential control for multiple muscles in the most complex reflex elicited by the nervous system, the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. The field is now emerging into defining how the higher cortical regions interact ... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715030 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715029&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646020%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will focus on swallowing and feeding development in infants who are developing normally with a review of some aspects of prenatal development that provide a basis for in utero sucking and swallowing. Non-nutritive sucking in healthy preterm infants, nipple feeding in preterm and term infants, and selected processes of continued development of oral skills for feeding throughout the first year of life will be discussed. Advances in research have provided new information in our understanding of the neurophysiology related to swallowing, premature infants' sucking and swallowing patterns, and changes in patterns from preterm to near term to term infants. Oral skill development as texture changes are made throughout the second half of the first year of life is an under studied phen... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715029 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715028&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646021%26dopt%3DAbstract This article focuses on these associated gastrointestinal manifestations and discusses the current diagnostic and therapeutic options available. PMID: 18646021 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews) Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715028 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715027&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646022%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuperminc MN, Stevenson RD Growth and nutrition disorders are common secondary health conditions in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Poor growth and malnutrition in CP merit study because of their impact on health, including psychological and physiological function, healthcare utilization, societal participation, motor function, and survival. Understanding the etiology of poor growth has led to a variety of interventions to improve growth. One of the major causes of poor growth, malnutrition, is the best-studied contributor to poor growth; scientific evidence regarding malnutrition has contributed to improvements in clinical management and, in turn, survival over the last 20 years. Increased recognition and understanding of neurological, endocrinological, and environmental f... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715027 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1715026&cid=s_37827_179_f&fid=37827&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18646023%26dopt%3DAbstract This article will provide an overview of current literature and a rationale underlying the interventions used for children with cerebral palsy (CP) who have eating impairments (dysphagia). The review is not intended to be exhaustive, but papers were selected that highlight some of the issues and challenges of the field. Normal oral-motor development is briefly discussed to show how it may inform clinical practice in the understanding of feeding problems. Description of the risk factors and the nature and extent of eating impairments will show how interventions need to be specific to the severity of eating impairments. Examination of sensorimotor therapies, using oral stimulation exercises or an intra-oral appliance, will highlight the range of their effectiveness, as well as their limitati... Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1715026 Tue, 19 Aug 2008 18:56:37 +0100 1715026