MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology' source. Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:00:53 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639233&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04217.x Aim  The aim of this article was to describe the phenomenology and polymyographic features of paroxysmal non‐epileptic motor events (PNMEs) observed in a series of typically developing and children with neurological impairment.Method  We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 63 individuals (29 females; 34 males) affected by PNMEs at the National Neurological Institute ‘C. Besta’ between 2006 and 2008. Individuals were included in the study if they had PNMEs documented by a video‐electroencephalography–polymyographic study and were aged between 1 month and 18 years (mean age at the time of video‐electroencephalography–polymyography: 5y 10mo).Results  In 45 of the 63 participants (71%), PNMEs were associated with other neurological conditions (secondary) including e... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639233 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 23:30:13 +0100 5639233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621203&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04154.x Aim  The aim of this study was to report a single‐centre experience of flunarizine in childhood migraine with focus on safety and efficacy.Method  We conducted a retrospective observational audit of 72 individuals (40 male, 32 female; mean age 13y; age range 1y 6mo–17y) at a tertiary paediatric neurology unit between 1998 and 2009. Children were included if they had a diagnosis of migraine and at least one follow‐up assessment and a minimum of 3 months’ treatment with flunarizine.Results  Of 102 individuals identified, 30 were excluded for the following reasons: no outcome data (n=13), non‐migraineurs (n=9), missing records (n=4), or inadequate treatment duration (n=4). Of the final cohort (72 individuals), 44 had migraine without aura, 15 had migraine with aura or childhoo... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621203 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 00:48:05 +0100 5621203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599696&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04209.x Aim  The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS). The DIS consists of two subscales: dystonia and choreoathetosis. It measures both phenomena in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Twenty‐five participants with dyskinetic CP (17 males; eight females; age range 5–22y; mean age 13y 6mo; SD 5y 4mo), recruited from special schools for children with motor disorders, were included. Exclusion criteria were changes in muscle relaxant medication within the previous 3 months, orthopaedic or neurosurgical interventions within the previous year, and spinal fusion. Interrater reliability was verified by two independent raters. For interrater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients were assessed. Standard error of measure... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599696 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 03:54:05 +0100 5599696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578118&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04173.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578118 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:45 +0100 5578118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578117&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04160.x Aim  To report the demographic, phenotypic, and time‐to‐diagnosis characteristics of children with GM2 gangliosidosis referred to the UK study of Progressive Intellectual and Neurological Deterioration.Method  Case notification is made via monthly surveillance card, administered by the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit to all UK‐based paediatricians; children with GM2 gangliosidosis were identified from cases satisfying inclusion in the UK study of Progressive Intellectual and Neurological Deterioration and analysed according to phenotypic and biochemical categories.Results  Between May 1997 and January 2010, 73 individuals with GM2 gangliosidoses were reported: 40 with Tay–Sachs disease, 31 with Sandhoff disease, and two with GM2 activator protein deficiency. Together the... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578117 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:39 +0100 5578117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578116&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04166.x This study provided support for the hypothesis that the low REE found in malnourished children with CP is partly due to a low energy intake. (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578116 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:37 +0100 5578116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578115&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04177.x Aim  To examine the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and responsiveness of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–Second Edition (MABC‐2) Test for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).Method  One hundred and forty‐four Taiwanese children with DCD aged 6 to 12 years (87 males, 57 females) were tested on three separate occasions: two baseline measurements with a 20‐day interval before the intervention, and a follow‐up measurement after 6 months of rehabilitation. The therapists rated the performance of children in school‐related physical tasks at baseline and after intervention.Results  Internal consistency for the MABC‐2 Test was α = 0.90. Test–retest reliability for the total score was excellent, with an intraclass cor... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578115 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:34 +0100 5578115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578114&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04092.x Aim  The present study investigated the effects of varying the cognitive demands of a memory task (a suprapostural task) while recording postural motion on two groups of children, one diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and an age‐matched group of typically developing children.Method  Two groups, each comprising 38 child volunteers (21 males, 17 females) aged 9 to 10 years, participated in the study. Each child performed a digital memory task at two levels of difficulty, low and high. Positional variability (standard deviation of position) of the head and torso were recorded as the biomechanical responses to the variation in task difficulty.Results  Both groups significantly reduced postural motion when engaged in the high‐difficulty condition (p<0.05) c... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578114 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:32 +0100 5578114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578113&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04143.x Aim  To conduct a systematic review of single‐event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) for children with cerebral palsy, with the aim of evaluating the quality of the evidence and developing recommendations for future research.Method  The systematic review was conducted using standard search and extraction methods in Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane electronic databases. For the purposes of this review, SEMLS was defined as two or more soft‐tissue or bony surgical procedures at two or more anatomical levels during one operative procedure, requiring only one hospital admission and one period of rehabilitation. Studies were included if: (1) the primary focus was to examine the effect of SEMLS in children with cerebral palsy; (2) the results focused on multiple anatomic levels and report... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578113 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:26 +0100 5578113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578112&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04091.x Aim  The aim of this systematic review was to inform evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and low bone mineral density (BMD).Method  A computer‐assisted literature search was focused on low BMD in children with CP, and was limited to the following interventions: weight‐bearing activities, bisphosphonate use, and vitamin D or calcium supplementation. Articles were classified according to American Academy of Neurology guidelines and recommendation classifications were given based on the evidence for the intervention increasing BMD and decreasing fragility fractures. Studies were included if they were English‐language full‐text studies, focused on children with CP, and included at least 10 participants receiving the studied interventi... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578112 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:25 +0100 5578112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578111&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04163.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578111 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:23 +0100 5578111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578110&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04156.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578110 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:20 +0100 5578110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578109&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04162.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578109 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:19 +0100 5578109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578108&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04180.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578108 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:17 +0100 5578108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578107&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04211.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578107 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:14 +0100 5578107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578106&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04197.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578106 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 06:00:11 +0100 5578106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5560005&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04182.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5560005 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5560005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549734&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04168.x Aim  To assess the relation between cerebellar volume and spectroscopy at term equivalent age, and neurodevelopment at 24 months corrected age in preterm infants.Methods  Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed around term equivalent age in 112 preterm infants (mean gestational age 28wks 3d [SD 1wk 5d]; birthweight 1129g [SD 324g]). Cerebellar volume (60 males, 52 females), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) of the cerebellum in a subgroup of 58 infants were assessed in relation to cognitive, fine motor, and gross motor scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III. Different neonatal variables and maternal education were regarded possible confounders.Results  Cerebellar volume was significantly associated with postmenstrual age... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549734 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 12:42:04 +0100 5549734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5534231&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04170.x This article reports the case of a female with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis who developed right and left anterior bundle branch blocks and episodic bradycardia at 23 years of age. Several episodes of supraventricular tachycardia manifested at 23 and 27 years of age. In addition, a transient second‐degree atrioventricular conduction block also emerged at 27 years of age. Atrial fibrillation and aggravation of the atrioventricular conduction block resulted in progressive bradycardia and cardiac death at the age of 28 years. Cardiac involvement and accumulation of lipopigments in the myocardium and cardiac conduction system have been recognized in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, but this is the first report to describe progressive conduction defects in a ca... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5534231 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 14:36:04 +0100 5534231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513196&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04203.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513196 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:37 +0100 5513196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513195&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04171.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513195 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:35 +0100 5513195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513194&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04200.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513194 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:30 +0100 5513194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513193&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04099.x We describe a 14‐year‐old female with positive aquaporin‐4 antibody whose clinical course was dominated by severe anorexia with associated weight loss (from 68‐41kg; body mass index 25.2–15.6). Magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the medulla, pons, and thalami. Although she had asymptomatic radiological longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, she never had symptoms or signs referable to the spinal cord or the optic nerves. We propose that anorexia and weight loss should be considered part of the NMO spectrum, probably related to area postrema involvement. (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513193 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:27 +0100 5513193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513192&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04147.x In this study, we explored the integrity of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) by means of diffusion tensor imaging tractography in children with visual perceptual impairment, and more specifically, object recognition deficits, compared with typically developing children.Methods  Eleven individuals (nine males, two females; mean age 7y 8mo; range 3y 5mo–13y) were assessed with the L94 visual perceptual battery after assessment of performance age. In all participants, an ophthalmological evaluation was carried out. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography of the ILF was performed. The mean fractional anisotropy was determined for every child and compared with data for 11 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing children.Results  The mean fractional anisotropy value in the le... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513192 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:24 +0100 5513192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513191&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04144.x The objectives of the current study were to examine intellectual and executive functioning of children with moyamoya and to evaluate the impact of moyamoya type, stroke (clinical or silent), vasculopathy laterality, and disease duration on neurocognitive abilities.Method  Thirty pediatric participants (mean age 10y 10mo, SD 4y; 18 females, 12 males) completed age‐appropriate Wechsler Intelligence Scales before any therapeutic revascularization procedures. Reports of executive function were obtained from parents and teachers using the Behavior Rating Index of Executive Function.Results  Children with moyamoya scored significantly lower than the test standardization samples on all indices of intelligence and ratings of executive functioning (p<0.001). Patients did not differ by type... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513191 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:22 +0100 5513191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513190&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04148.x Aim  Our aim was to compare the effect of prenatal endoscopic with postnatal myelomeningocele closure (fetally operated spina bifida aperta [fSBA]) versus neonatally operated spina bifida aperta [nSBA]) on segmental neurological leg condition.Method  Between 2003 and 2009, the fetal surgical team (Department of Obstetrics, University of Bonn, Germany) performed 19 fetal endoscopic procedures. Three procedures resulted in fetal death, three procedures were interrupted by iatrogenic hemorrhages and 13 procedures were successful. We matched each successfully treated fSBA infant with another nSBA infant of the same age and level of lesion, resulting in 13 matched pairs (mean age 14mo; SD 16mo; f/m=1.6; female‐16, male‐10). Matched fSBA and nSBA pairs were compared in terms of segmental... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513190 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:18 +0100 5513190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513189&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04122.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513189 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:14 +0100 5513189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513188&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04159.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513188 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:12 +0100 5513188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513187&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04141.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513187 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:10 +0100 5513187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513186&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04196.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513186 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:08 +0100 5513186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513185&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04167.x This report serves as a reminder that Krabbe disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of disorders causing intracranial calcification. (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513185 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:48:04 +0100 5513185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493177&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04164.x This study presents an examination of heteroscedasticity for walking energy cost before analysing the reliability.Method  Walking energy cost was collected from 33 children with cerebral palsy (CP), with varying Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels (19 males; 14 females; mean age: 7y 6mo [SD 2y 6mo]; GMFCS levels I [n=16], II [n=7], and III [n=10]). It was assessed by measuring oxygen uptake during 10 minutes of resting and 5 minutes of walking at comfortable speed. Measurements were performed twice, within 4 to 6 weeks. Primary outcomes included gross energy cost, gross non‐dimensional energy cost, net energy cost, net non‐dimensional energy cost, speed, and non‐dimensional speed. Heteroscedasticity was analysed with Bland–Altman plots and Kendall’s ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493177 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5493177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474563&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04151.x We report a 12‐year‐old male with intermittent‐relapsing PDHC deficiency who presented with three typical acute episodes of metabolic decompensation over 7 years. Neuroimaging showed reversible signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nuclei, periaqueductal grey matter, and dentate nuclei, with evidence of lactate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Molecular analysis of PDH1A revealed a novel hemizygous c.1045G>A mutation, predicting a p.A349T missense mutation. He was treated with thiamine supplementation and, while on this regimen, he experienced several intercurrent febrile episodes without neurological compromise. This case report stresses the importance of performing neuroimaging during acute clinical episodes because brain lesions in PDHC deficiency may... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474563 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474562&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2010.03903.x Aim  The aim of this study was to systematically review the clinimetric properties of longitudinal neonatal neurobehavioural and neuromotor assessments for preterm infants.Method  Twenty‐seven assessment measures were identified. The following eight measures met the study inclusion criteria: Assessment of Preterm Infants’ Behaviour (APIB), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioural Scale (NNNS), Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP), Prechtl’s Assessment of General Movements (GMs), Neurobehavioural Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI), Dubowitz Neurological Assessment of the Preterm and Full‐term Infant (Dubowitz), Neuromotor Behavioural Assessment (NMBA), and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale (NBAS). The primary purposes included prediction (T... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474562 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474561&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04145.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474561 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474560&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04146.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474560 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474559&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04152.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474559 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474558&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04158.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474558 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474565&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04120.x Aim  The aim of this study was to evaluate hand function in children with Erb upper brachial plexus palsy.Method  Hand function was evaluated in 25 children (eight males; 17 females) with a diagnosed upper (C5/C6) brachial plexus birth injury. Of these children, 22 had undergone primary nerve reconstruction and 13 of the 25 had undergone simultaneous and/or secondary shoulder procedures. Hand function was evaluated using the nine‐hole peg test at a mean age of 9 years (SD 2y 2mo), and compared with the contralateral, uninvolved hand. Results were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched population norms, and correlated with shoulder outcomes using the Gilbert and Miami scores.Results  Although shoulder function was graded as good or excellent in 24 of 25 children, hand function as ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474565 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474564&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04127.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474564 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5474557&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04149.x Aim  The aim of this study was to characterize the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) of young children with suspected autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and compare them with the ABRs of children with language delay and with clinical norms.Method  The ABRs of 26 children with suspected ASDs (21 males, five females; mean age 32.5mo) and an age‐ and sex‐matched group of 26 children with language delay (22 males, four females) were analysed. All children had normal hearing. The absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V, and interpeak latencies (IPLs) I to III, I to V, and III to V of the group with ASDs and the group with language delay were compared. Data from both groups were further compared with clinical norms.Results  All absolute latencies and IPLs were significantly prolonged... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5474557 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5474557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5456072&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04150.x Aim  To examine executive functioning in very preterm (gestational age ≤30wks) children at 4 to 12 years of age.Method  Two‐hundred very preterm (106 males, 94 females; mean gestational age 28.1wks, SD 1.4; mean age 8y 2mo, SD 2y 6mo) and 230 term children (106 males, 124 females; mean gestational age 39.9wks, SD 1.2; mean age 8y 4mo, SD 2y 3mo) without severe disabilities, born between 1996 and 2004, were assessed on an executive function battery comprising response inhibition, interference control, switching, verbal fluency, verbal and spatial working memory, and planning. Multiple regression analyses examined group differences while adjusting for effects of parental education, age, sex, and speed indices.Results  Relative to children born at term, very preterm children had s... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5456072 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 07:31:28 +0100 5456072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439923&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04139.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439923 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 11:30:04 +0100 5439923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419539&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04102.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419539 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:01:01 +0100 5419539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419538&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04104.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419538 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:01:00 +0100 5419538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419537&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04128.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419537 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:58 +0100 5419537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419536&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04082.x We report a female child (3y 4mo) who presented with delayed psychomotor development and frequent episodes of staggering, impaired vigilance, and vomiting that resolved promptly after food intake. Electroencephalography was normal. The cerebrospinal fluid–blood glucose ratio was 0.42 (normal≥0.45). GLUT1‐DS was confirmed by molecular genetic testing, which showed a novel de novo heterozygous mutation in the SLC2A1 gene (c.497_499delTCG, p.VAL166del). Before starting a ketogenic diet, the child’s cognitive development was tested using the Snijders‐Oomen Non‐Verbal Intelligence Test, which revealed a heterogeneous intelligence profile with deficits in her visuomotor skills and spatial awareness. Her motor development was delayed. Three months after introducing a ketogenic diet, s... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419536 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:56 +0100 5419536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419535&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04033.x We report on a male offspring of a second pregnancy at risk for PDE. While on prophylactic treatment with oral pyridoxine, the newborn developed encephalopathy and status epilepticus at age 14 days. Seizures did not respond to parenteral pyridoxine and additional treatment with folinic acid. After treatment was changed to pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, the infant’s condition improved. Antiquitin deficiency was excluded by biochemical and molecular genetic testing, and cofactor treatment was stopped on day 26. He has since remained seizure‐free with normal psychomotor development. In healthy newborns, high‐dose treatment with pyridoxine may result in increased rather than decreased neuroexcitability. Postnatal prophylactic pyridoxine treatment of fetuses and neonates at risk for PDE ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419535 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:55 +0100 5419535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419534&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04109.x Aim  The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of and risk factors for behavioural disorders in children with epilepsy from a rural district of Tanzania by conducting a community‐based case–control study.Method  One hundred and twelve children aged 6 to 14 years (55 males, 57 females; median age 12y) with active epilepsy (at least two unprovoked seizures in the last 5y) were identified in a cross‐sectional survey and included in this study. Children who were younger than 6 years were excluded in order to eliminate febrile seizures. Behaviour was assessed using the Rutter scale; children who scored 13 or more were considered to have disordered behaviour. A comparison group was made up of age‐ and sex‐matched children without epilepsy (n=113; 57 males, 56 females; ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419534 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:51 +0100 5419534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419533&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04090.x Aim  The aim of this study was to compare total and regional cerebral volumes in children with isolated cerebellar malformations (CBMs) with those in typically developing children, and to examine the extent to which cerebellar volumetric reductions are associated with total and regional cerebral volumes.Method  This is a case–control study of children diagnosed with isolated CBMs. Each child was matched on age and sex to two typically developing children. Using advanced three‐dimensional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, the cerebrum was segmented into tissue classes and partitioned into eight regions. Analysis of variance was used to compare cerebral volumes between children with CBMs and control children, and linear regressions to examine the impact of cerebellar volume redu... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419533 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:49 +0100 5419533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419532&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04117.x Aim  To describe neuropsychological disturbances and the developmental course associated with cerebellar cortical dysplasia (CCD).Method  The neuroimaging findings from 10 children (five males, five females; aged 3–10y) with CCD were reviewed and classified. These children all underwent clinical neurological examination and neuropsychological assessment (NPA) on admission, then were followed for an average of 6 years using the cognitive Wechsler Scale, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure/McCarthy Drawing subtests.Results  Based on magnetic resonance imaging, CCD was categorized as minor (n=4), moderate (n=1), and severe (n=5). The first NPA disclosed mental retardation* in six (profound, three; moderate, one; mild, two) and normal intelligence i... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419532 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:47 +0100 5419532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419531&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04130.x Aim  We evaluated the validity of the Robin and Graham classification system of hip disease in cerebral palsy (CP) using three‐dimensional computed tomography in young people with CP.Method  A total of 91 hips in 91 consecutive children with bilateral spastic CP (57 males, 34 females; nine classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System level II, 42 at level III, 32 at level IV, and eight at level V; mean age 5y 2mo, SD 11mo; range 2–6y) were investigated retrospectively using anteroposterior plain radiographs and three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) of the hip. The migration percentage was calculated on plain radiographs and all participants were classified into four groups according to migration percentage: grade II, migration percentage ≥10% but ≤ 15%, ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419531 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:44 +0100 5419531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419530&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04107.x Aim  The aims of the study were to: (1) build new item banks for a revised version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) with four content domains: daily activities, mobility, social/cognitive, and responsibility; and (2) use post‐hoc simulations based on the combined normative and disability calibration samples to assess the accuracy and precision of the PEDI computer‐adaptive tests (PEDI‐CAT) compared with the administration of all items.Method  Parents of typically developing children (n=2205) and parents of children and adolescents with disabilities (n=703) between the ages of 0 and 21 years, stratified by age and sex, participated by responding to PEDI‐CAT surveys through an existing Internet opt‐in survey panel in the USA and by computer tablets i... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419530 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:42 +0100 5419530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419529&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04084.x Increasing attention has been devoted to the maturation of sensory processing in the first year of life. While the development of cortical visual function has been thoroughly studied, much less information is available on auditory processing and its early disorders. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the assessment techniques for early auditory processing. While otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses are well‐established tools for neonatal screening of hearing loss, there have been less consistent results for neurophysiological assessments of central auditory processing in clinical practice. Early auditory event‐related potentials could provide valuable diagnostic information, but their use as a possible clinical screening method is still limited and sho... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419529 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:39 +0100 5419529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419525&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04132.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419525 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:35 +0100 5419525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419524&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04100.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419524 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:33 +0100 5419524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419523&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04133.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419523 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:32 +0100 5419523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419522&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04140.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419522 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:30 +0100 5419522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419521&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04121.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419521 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:29 +0100 5419521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419520&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04155.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419520 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:27 +0100 5419520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419516&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04142.x We report the case of a female who presented at 22 months with acute‐onset stridor and generalized muscle weakness, in whom a genetic diagnosis of BVVLS was made, and whose symptoms improved on therapy with high‐dose riboflavin. She had previously been developing normally and was able to walk at 11 months, then developed progressive muscle weakness at 22 months, and within 2 weeks was unable to sit without support. She also demonstrated stridor and paradoxical breathing indicating diaphragmatic weakness, and required continuous non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) through a tracheostomy. After treatment with riboflavin she was able to walk unaided, and her Gross Motor Functional Classification level improved from level IV to level I, having fully regained the motor function she sho... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419516 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 14:00:20 +0100 5419516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419518&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04131.x We describe two adolescents, one with HNPP (male; aged 15y) and another with a clinical picture suggestive of HNPP (genetically unconfirmed; female; aged 14y), who showed considerable improvement of their symptoms after receiving corticosteroid therapy. Both individuals were symptomatic for at least 5 months before the treatment. Following corticosteroids, both individuals demonstrated rapid improvement leading to near‐complete recovery of muscle power. Clinical improvement after corticosteroid therapy has been reported in some individuals with other hereditary neuropathies. Our cases demonstrate that corticosteroid therapy may also be beneficial in individuals with HNPP who have a protracted or incomplete course of recovery. (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419518 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419517&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04135.x Aim  Periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) is a complication of preterm birth associated with cardiorespiratory instability. To date, the role of thrombophilia as a possible additional risk factor in infants with atypical timing and presentation of PVHI has not been investigated.Method  This was a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants who developed PVHI with an atypical timing and presentation either of antenatal onset or late in the postnatal course in the absence of a preceding sudden deterioration of their clinical condition. In infants with atypical PVHI mutation analysis of the factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) gene, and C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene was performed, and plasma lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine levels were measured.Res... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419517 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419519&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04129.x Aim  The functional polymorphism Val158Met in the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene was analysed to determine its association with maternal stress and childhood total difficulties.Method  Data were collected at birth from a group of infants who were born small for gestational age and a group who were born at an appropriate size for gestational age and had been enrolled in the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative Study. Children were followed up at the ages of 1 year, 3 years 6 months, 7 years, and 11 years. At the age of 11 years, DNA samples were collected from 546 children (270 females, 276 males): 227 children born small for gestational age and 319 children born at an appropriate size for gestational age. The main independent variable was perceived maternal stress at birth ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419519 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5419519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344719&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04138.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344719 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:45 +0100 5344719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344718&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04088.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344718 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:44 +0100 5344718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344717&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04071.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344717 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:42 +0100 5344717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344716&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04106.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344716 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:41 +0100 5344716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344715&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04098.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344715 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:39 +0100 5344715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344714&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04126.x Aim  The aim of this article is to document the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among infants enrolled in a programme for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in Zimbabwe using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS).Method  We prospectively followed up infants at three primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. Neurodevelopmental assessments using the BINS were conducted during the first 12 months of life. NDI risk category and associated risk factors were examined.Results  Of the 598 infants assessed, 305 (51%) were female and 293 (49%) were male. Sixty‐five infants (11%) were infected with HIV, 188 (31%) were exposed but uninfected, 287 (48%) were unexposed, and 58 (10%) were of unknown status. The pre... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344714 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:35 +0100 5344714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344713&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04094.x Aim  The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM‐CY).Method  The PEM‐CY examines participation frequency, extent of involvement, and desire for change in sets of activities typical for the home, school, or community. Items in the ‘Environment’ section examine perceived supports and barriers to participation within each setting. Data were collected via an online survey from caregivers of children and young people, aged 5 to 17 years, with and without a range of different disabilities, residing in the USA and Canada. Caregivers were eligible for inclusion if (1) they identified themselves as a parent or legal guardian of the child who was the focus of the sur... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344713 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:32 +0100 5344713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344712&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04078.x This study evaluates a wearable wrist monitor and tests the hypothesis that wrist extension frequency (FreqE) is an appropriate indicator of functional hand use.Method  Fifteen children (four females, 11 males; age range 6–12y; mean age 10y [SD 2y]) with hemiplegia (seven at level I and eight at level II on the Manual Ability Classification System) participated in the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) while wearing the wrist monitor. FreqEs were captured via the wrist monitor and validated using video analysis. Correlations between FreqE and AHA scores were calculated and a multivariate linear regression was conducted to explore other measures of wrist activity.Results  Wrist extensions observed in video analyses were reliably detected by the wrist monitor (intraclass correlation coeff... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344712 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:30 +0100 5344712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344711&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04077.x Aim  Children with severe forms of cerebral palsy (CP) are at high risk of hip joint displacement. Various studies have found that the pain from affected joints occurs in 40 to 84% of studied individuals. The purpose of this study was to establish a correlation between the density of nociceptors localized in selected areas of the spastic dislocated hip joint and clinical evidence of hip joint pain in children with CP.Method  Nineteen samples of articular capsule and 19 samples of teres ligaments, collected during open hip joint reduction from 19 non‐ambulatory children with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V; mean age 9y 6mo; 10 males, nine females), were studied. Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale completed by caregivers. The density of noci... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344711 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:28 +0100 5344711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344710&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04070.x Aim  The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, predictors, severity, and impact of recurrent musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  One hundred and fifty‐three participants (81 males, 72 females) aged 8 to 18 years were assessed by clinical examination, interview, and questionnaires. CP type distribution was 38% unilateral spastic, 55% bilateral spastic, 6% dyskinetic, and 1% ataxic. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels were as follows: level I, 54; level II, 56; level III, 20; level IV, 8; and level V, 15. Sixty‐four children and 89 parents recorded pain on the Child Health Questionnaire, 56 children and 85 parents indicated impact of pain on 0 to 10 numeric rating scales, and 72 children indicated pa... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344710 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:27 +0100 5344710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344709&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04044.x Aim  The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of motor severity levels and temporal trends in an Australian population cohort and to review the distribution of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels across cerebral palsy (CP) registries worldwide.Methods  Data were extracted from the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register for 3312 individuals (1852 males, 1460 females; mean age 21y 2mo [SD 9y 6mo]) with non‐postneonatally acquired CP, born between 1970 and 2003. The proportions of each motor severity level were calculated and logistic regression analyses were used to assess trends over time. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken and GMFCS data were extracted based on previously devised criteria. The proportions were plotted and the degree of... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344709 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:25 +0100 5344709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344708&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04095.x Aim  Children born very preterm are at risk for impaired motor performance ranging from cerebral palsy (CP) to milder abnormalities, such as developmental coordination disorder. White matter abnormalities (WMA) at term have been associated with CP in very preterm children; however, little is known about the impact of WMA on the range of motor impairments. The aim of this study was to assess whether WMA were predictive of all levels of motor impairments in very preterm children.Method  Two hundred and twenty‐seven very preterm infants (<30wks gestational age or birthweight <1250g) had brain magnetic resonance imaging at term‐equivalent age to assess for WMA, which were categorized as nil, mild, or moderate to severe. At 5 years of age children were classified as having a mod... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344708 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:24 +0100 5344708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344707&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04080.x Aim  Microarray technology has a significantly higher clinical yield than karyotyping in individuals with global developmental delay (GDD). Despite this, it has not yet been routinely implemented as a screening test owing to the perception that this approach is more expensive. We aimed to evaluate the effect that replacing karyotype with array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) would have on the total cost of the workup for GDD.Method  We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of aCGH compared with karyotyping by retrospectively analysing the cost of workup in a cohort of 114 children (69 males; 45 females) representing a consecutive series of children diagnosed with GDD.Results  The average increase in cost if aCGH had been performed instead of karyotyping as a first test ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344707 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:22 +0100 5344707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344706&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04119.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344706 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:16 +0100 5344706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344705&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04093.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344705 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:15 +0100 5344705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344704&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04097.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344704 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:12 +0100 5344704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344703&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04125.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344703 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:10 +0100 5344703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344702&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04118.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344702 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:09 +0100 5344702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344701&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04085.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344701 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:07 +0100 5344701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344700&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04124.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344700 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 20:25:06 +0100 5344700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5259727&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04134.x Aim  The cognitive and psychiatric aspects of adult movement disorders are well established, but specific behavioural profiles for paediatric movement disorders have not been delineated. Knowledge of non‐motor phenotypes may guide treatment and determine which symptoms are suggestive of a specific movement disorder and which indicate medication effects.Method  The goal of this review is to outline the known cognitive and psychiatric symptoms associated with paediatric movement disorders. We used a systematic approach, via PubMed, and reviewed over 400 abstracts of studies of selected disorders, of which 88 papers reporting paediatric non‐motor symptoms are summarized.Results  Obsessive–compulsive disorder was manifest in children with paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric diso... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5259727 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 20:50:05 +0100 5259727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5246543&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04110.x This study comprised 105 very preterm infants (57 males, 48 females; gestational age range 25wks 5d–31wks 4d; birthweight 610–2100g) who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between 1 February and 31 December 2002. ETCOc, plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukins (IL) 6 and 8, and malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation), were measured at days 1, 3, and 5 of life and related to outcome at 3 years 6 months of age (Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales).Results  Of the 105 infants, 69 were eligible for follow‐up (37 males; 32 females; bronchopulmonary dysplasia, n=12). ETCOc at 0 to 24 hours was higher in infants with adverse outcome (Griffiths developmental quotient <85, n=15) compared with favourable outcome (2.7SD 0.7 vs 2.0SD... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5246543 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 12:48:05 +0100 5246543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5229784&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04086.x Aim  Conventional constraint‐based therapies are intensive and demanding to implement, particularly for children. Modified forms of constraint‐based therapies that are family‐centred may be more acceptable and feasible for families of children with cerebral palsy (CP)‐but require rigorous evaluation using randomized trials. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of modified constraint‐induced therapy compared with intensive occupational therapy on activities of daily living and upper limb outcomes in children with hemiplegic CP.Method  In this assessor‐blinded pragmatic randomized trial, 50 children (27 males, 23 females; age range 19mo–7y 10mo) with hemiplegic CP were randomized using a concealed allocation procedure to one of two 8‐week interventions: inte... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5229784 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 11:56:04 +0100 5229784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218858&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04018.x Aim  To evaluate the relationship between diagnosis and clinical course of Tourette syndrome and group A Streptococcus (GAS).Method  GAS infections, anti‐streptococcal, and anti‐basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) were compared between 168 patients (136 males, 32 females) with Tourette syndrome; (median [range] age [25th–75th centile] 10y [8–11y]); median Tourette syndrome duration (25th–75th centile), 3y (1y 3mo–5y 9mo) and a comparison group of 177 patients (117 males, 60 females) with epileptic or sleep disorders median age [25th–75th centile], 10y [8y–1y 6mo]). One hundred and forty‐four patients with Tourette syndrome were followed up at 3‐month intervals; exacerbations of tics, obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and other psychiatric comorbidities were defined by a ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218858 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:41 +0100 5218858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218857&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04050.x Aim  The aim of this study was to determine population‐specific developmental milestones for independence in self‐care, mobility, and social cognitive skills in children with achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia.Methods  Population‐based recruitment from October 2008 to October 2010 identified 44 Australian children with achondroplasia aged 3 to 7 years. Consenting parents of 35 children (16 males, 19 females 14 aged 3y; 12 aged 5y; nine aged 7y) reported their child’s self‐care, mobility, and social cognition function using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM‐II) at the ages of 3 (n=14), 5 (n=12), or 7 (n=9) years. Children were excluded from the study if they had an additional neurological or musculoskeletal condition.Results  Functi... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218857 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:40 +0100 5218857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218856&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04045.x Aim  The aim of this study was to assess the motor repertoire of extremely low‐birthweight infants at term‐equivalent age (TEA), in relation to their neurological outcome.Method  Using Prechtl’s method, we assessed both the quality of general movements and a detailed motor optimality score in 13 extremely low‐birthweight infants (four males; nine females; mean gestational age 27.9wks, SD 2.9wks; mean birthweight 798g, SD 129g) at TEA, and related them to general movements at the age of 3 months after term and neurological outcome at the age of 2 years 6 months.Results  At TEA, 10 of the 13 infants had abnormal general movements. All infants showed abnormal leg lifting with extended legs; nine showed stiff movements, three showed cramped movements, and two showed cramped... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218856 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:36 +0100 5218856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218855&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04040.x Aim  The aim of the study was to investigate coordination of fingertip forces during an asymmetrical bimanual task in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Twelve participants (six males, six females; mean age 14y 4mo, SD 3.3y; range 9–20y;) with unilateral CP (eight right‐sided, four left‐sided) and 15 age‐matched typically developing participants (five males, 10 females; mean age 14y 3mo, SD 2.9y; range 9–18y,) were included. Participants were instructed to hold custom‐made grip devices in each hand and place one device on top of the other. The grip force and load force were recorded simultaneously in both hands.Results  Temporal coordination between the two hands was impaired in the participants with CP (compared with that in typically developing partici... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218855 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:33 +0100 5218855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218854&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04079.x Aim  The aim of this study was to describe trends in prevalence, subtypes, and severity among children with cerebral palsy (CP) born moderately preterm (MPT; (gestational age 32–36wks) or at moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500–2499g) in Europe.Method  We conducted trend analyses of data from 903 children with CP born between 1980 and 1998 who were MPT (gestational age 32–36wks), taken from 11 registers in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe database and from 1835 children with CP who were born at moderately low birthweight (1500–2499g), taken from 14 registers in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe database.Results  The overall annual prevalence of CP in children born MPT varied between 12.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.5–17.1) per 1000 live births i... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218854 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:31 +0100 5218854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218853&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04017.x Aim  The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for the predictive validity of Prechtl’s Method on the Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (GMsA) with respect to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Method  Six electronic databases (PsychINFO, Embase, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, PubMed, and AMED) were searched using the following keywords to identify all studies that examined the predictive validity of the GMsA: ‘general movements’, ‘assessment’, ‘movement’, ‘child development’, ‘infant’, and ‘predictive value of test’. Only English‐ and French‐language studies were included, whereas studies that focused on spontaneous mobility in preterm infants, but not necessarily the GMsA, or which did not report on the predictive value of th... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218853 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:28 +0100 5218853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218852&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04029.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218852 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:24 +0100 5218852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218851&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04087.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218851 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:23 +0100 5218851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218850&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04083.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218850 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:20 +0100 5218850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218849&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04073.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218849 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:16 +0100 5218849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218848&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04089.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218848 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:15 +0100 5218848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218847&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04116.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218847 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:09 +0100 5218847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218844&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04108.x We describe a female infant born at term and delivered by emergency Caesarean section because of fetal distress. There was no parental consanguinity. She presented at 5 months of age with failure to thrive, microcephaly, hypertonia, and developmental impairment. Her plasma and cerebrospinal fluid lactate were raised. She had raised plasma pyruvate with a normal lactate–pyruvate ratio. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a focal dilatation of the right lateral ventricle with unilateral periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) with subependymal cyst. Skin fibroblast culture assay revealed PDH deficiency, confirmed by mutation analysis of the E1 alpha subunit. At 18 months of age, she has hypertonia and global impairment and is making slow progress. Denver II assessment showed delay in... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218844 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 19:16:04 +0100 5218844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218846&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04069.x Aim  The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of hearing loss in children with cerebral palsy (CP), to examine factors associated with hearing loss, and to describe aspects of hearing in a population sample of children with CP and hearing loss.Method  A systematic review of the international literature was undertaken, and data on the frequency of hearing loss or severe hearing loss were extracted from 14 data sets based on previously devised criteria. Six hundred and eight‐five children with CP (406 males, 279 females) born in Victoria, Australia, between 1999 and 2004 were identified from the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register. Children were included if they had an established post neonatal cause for their CP before the age of 2 years. Additional information was collec... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218846 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5218845&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04101.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5218845 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5218845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5192798&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04103.x Aim  Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic option for individuals with refractory epilepsy. Individuals with refractory epilepsy are prone to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Reduced heart rate variability is a marker of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. Our goal was to study heart rate variability in children with refractory epilepsy and the influence of VNS on this parameter.Methods  In 17 children (13 male; four female; mean age 7y 6mo; age range 3–16y) with refractory epilepsy, electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic data were obtained before and after implantation of VNS during stage 2 and slow‐wave sleep. Time and frequency domain parameters were calculated and the results were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched group of indiv... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5192798 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5192798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5175373&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04096.x We report a case of infantile‐onset epileptic spasms and developmental delay compatible with epileptic encephalopathy. Our patient was a female infant, aged 4 months at presentation. She had evidence of immune activation in the central nervous system with elevated cerebrospinal fluid neopterin and mirrored oligoclonal bands, which prompted testing for autoantibodies. VGKC‐complex antibodies were elevated (201pmol/L, normal<100), but extended antibody testing, including leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin‐associated protein 2 (CASPR2), was negative. The patient showed a partial response to steroid treatment, which was started late in the disease course. On review at 13 months of age, her development was consistent with an age of 5 to 6 months. These res... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5175373 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 12:24:05 +0100 5175373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141300&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04081.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141300 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 20:38:04 +0100 5141300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099220&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04061.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099220 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:27 +0100 5099220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099219&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03975.x We present a report on a 15‐year‐old male with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with magnetic resonance imaging findings of oedema, cavitation, and gadolinium enhancement. NMO‐IgG and aquaporin 4 IgG were positive; thus, we diagnosed a limited form of NMO. Acute CSF immunophenotyping revealed a 3.6% expansion of CD19 B‐cell populations, whereas a comparison group of five children (4 males, age range 2–15y; mean age 7y) with other neurological disorders showed only a 0.51% expansion (SD 0.25%). In view of the diagnosis of a ‘limited form of neuromyelitis optica’, we therefore elected to treat him aggressively from the outset with a prolonged steroid regimen and mycophenylate mofetil. This case demonstrates a correlation between autoantibody production and CSF B lym... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099219 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:25 +0100 5099219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099218&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04028.x This study aimed to provide data about motor decline in MLD.Method  Fifty‐nine patients (27 males, 32 females) with MLD (21 with late‐infantile MLD and 38 with juvenile MLD) were recruited within a nationwide survey (the German LEUKONET). Median (range) age at onset was 17 months (9–27) for the group with late‐infantile MLD and 6 years 2 months (2y 11mo–14y) for the group with juvenile MLD. Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification for MLD.Results  In late‐infantile MLD, all patients showed loss of all gross motor function until 3 years 4 months of age. Patients with juvenile MLD showed a more variable and significantly longer motor decline (p<0.001). For a patient with the juvenile form showing first gait disturbances, the... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099218 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:24 +0100 5099218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099217&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04023.x Aim  The aim of this study was to determine whether oral, tactile/kinaesthetic (T/K), or combined (oral+T/K) interventions enhance oral feeding performance and whether combined interventions have an additive/synergistic effect.Method  Seventy‐five preterm infants (mean gestational age 29wk; standard error of the mean [SEM] 0.3wk; mean birthweight 1340.3g; SEM 52.5g; 49 males and 26 females) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups or a control group. The oral group received sensorimotor input to the oral structures, the T/K group received sensorimotor input to the trunk and limbs, and the combined group received both. The outcomes were time from introduction of nipple feeding to independent oral feeding (d), proficiency (intake in the first 5min, %), volume transfer... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099217 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:22 +0100 5099217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099216&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04024.x Aim  We assessed motor and intellectual outcome in triplets at school age and investigated the predictive value of perinatal and demographic factors.Methods  Seventy‐one live‐born newborn infants (24 triplet pregnancies) were prospectively enrolled at birth. At the age of 6 years, 58 children (31 males, 27 females; mean gestational age 31.2wks [SD 2.2wks]; mean birthweight 1622g [SD 440g]) returned for a neurodevelopmental examination. A comparison group for triplets born before 32 gestational weeks comprising 26 gestational age‐, birthweight‐, and sex‐matched singletons was also recruited (mean gestational age 30.1wk [SD 1.5wk]; mean birthweight 1142g [SD 210g]; 12 males, 14 females). The Zurich Neuromotor Assessment was used to examine motor performance, and intellectual ... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099216 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:21 +0100 5099216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099215&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04014.x Aim  The aim of this study was to describe stress in the parents of children with cerebral palsy and investigate associations with very high stress.Method  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted of parents of 818 children aged 8 to 12 years from nine regions in Europe. Families were eligible to participate if they were living in one of the specified geographic areas. Parental stress was captured using the Parenting Stress Index Short Form, which has 36 items and takes 10 minutes to complete. Parents rate items on a 5‐point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher stress. The Short Form yields scores on three subscales and a Total Stress score. A trained research associate administered the questionnaire in the child’s home and visits lasted 90 to 120 minutes. All d... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099215 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:20 +0100 5099215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099214&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03953.x Aim  To review classification systems for the upper limb in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and evaluate their validity, reliability, and clinical utility to make recommendations for clinical practice and future research.Method  We comprehensively searched electronic databases to identify upper limb classification tools and associated evidence of psychometric testing. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the psychometric studies, and rated the clinical utility of each system using previously published tools.Results  Eighteen classification systems were eligible for inclusion, with two primary functions: classification of function or deformity. Published evidence of psychometric testing was available for fewer than half of the identified systems. Reliability studies we... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099214 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:18 +0100 5099214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099213&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04021.x A group of disorders with disparate symptomatology, including congenital cerebellar ataxia, retinal blindness, liver fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and polydactyly, have recently been united under a single disease mechanism called ‘ciliopathies’. The ciliopathies are due to defects of the cellular antenna known as the primary cilium, a microtubule‐based extension of cellular membranes found in nearly all cell types. Key among these ciliopathies is Joubert syndrome, displaying ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and mental retardation* with a pathognomonic ‘molar tooth sign’ on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of ciliary function in neuronal development has been appreciated only in the last decade with the classification of Joubert syndrome as a ciliopathy. This, tog... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099213 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:16 +0100 5099213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099212&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03980.x Aim  The aim of this study was to investigate melatonin‐related findings in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorders, not otherwise specified.Method  Comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and ERIC databases from their inception to October 2010. Two reviewers independently assessed 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, meta‐analysis was performed on five randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies, and the quality of these trials was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.Results  Nine studies measured melatonin or melatonin metabolites in ASD and all reported at least one abnormality, including an abn... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099212 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:14 +0100 5099212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099211&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03997.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099211 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:12 +0100 5099211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099210&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04022.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099210 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:11 +0100 5099210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099209&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03982.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099209 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:10 +0100 5099209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099208&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04042.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099208 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:07 +0100 5099208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099207&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04037.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099207 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:06 +0100 5099207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5099206&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04076.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5099206 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 19:30:04 +0100 5099206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052009&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04074_2.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052009 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:41 +0100 5052009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052007&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04036.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052007 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:40 +0100 5052007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052006&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03984.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052006 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:39 +0100 5052006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052005&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04006.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052005 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:39 +0100 5052005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052004&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03981.x This study provides new CMCT data for children with severe primary and secondary dystonia. Over 50% of children with evidence of periventricular white‐matter damage from magnetic resonance imaging had normal CMCT, challenging traditional pathophysiological models. This is consistent with recent diffusion tensor imaging in children with periventricular white‐matter damage, showing disruption of sensory connections rather than corticospinal tract damage. CMCT helps refine our understanding of imaging changes in complex motor disorders of childhood. (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052004 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:37 +0100 5052004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052003&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04007.x Aim  Abnormal general movements at around 3 months corrected age indicate a high risk of cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to determine whether specific movement characteristics can improve the predictive power of definitely abnormal general movements.Method  Video recordings of 46 infants with definitely abnormal general movements at 9 to 13 weeks corrected age (20 males; 26 females; median gestational age 30wks; median birthweight 1200g) were analysed for the following characteristics: presence of fidgety, cramped synchronized, stiff, or jerky movements and asymmetrical tonic neck reflex pattern. Neurological condition (presence or absence of CP), gross motor development (Alberta Infant Motor Scales), quality of motor behaviour (Infant Motor Profile), functional mobility (Pediatric E... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052003 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:36 +0100 5052003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052002&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03990.x Aim  To compare the effects of a supported speed treadmill training exercise program (SSTTEP) with exercise on spasticity, strength, motor control, gait spatiotemporal parameters, gross motor skills, and physical function.Method  Twenty‐six children (14 males, 12 females; mean age 9y 6mo, SD 2y 2mo) with spastic cerebral palsy (CP; diplegia, n=12; triplegia, n=2; quadriplegia n=12; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–IV) were randomly assigned to the SSTTEP or exercise (strengthening) group. After a twice daily, 2‐week induction, children continued the intervention at home 5 days a week for 10 weeks. Data collected at baseline, after 12‐weeks’ intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention stopped included spasticity, motor control, and strength; gait... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052002 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:35 +0100 5052002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052001&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04009.x Aim  To measure changes in children with severe spastic cerebral palsy (CP) after continuous intrathecal baclofen (ITB) infusion over 18 months and to compare the results with those of a comparison group awaiting treatment.Method  Thirty‐eight children with severe spastic CP considered suitable for ITB were assessed when first seen, just before insertion of an intrathecal pump, and 9 months and 18 months later. Eighteen children waited around 9 months for a pump (group 1: nine males, nine females; mean age 9y 11mo [SD 3y 7mo], nine in Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level IV, nine in level V). This baseline period was used as a control for comparison with the first and second 9‐month periods after the pump for the remaining 20 children (group 2: 11 males, n... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052001 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:34 +0100 5052001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5052000&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03995.x Aim  Information on the timing and long‐term outcome of single‐event multilevel surgery in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) walking with flexed knee gait is limited. Based on our clinical experience, we hypothesized that older children with bilateral spastic CP would benefit more from single‐event multilevel surgery than younger children. Moreover, any improvement in older children could be maintained with fewer additional surgery events.Method  We performed a retrospective analysis of the long‐term outcomes of single‐event multilevel surgery. Thirty‐two children (17 males, 15 females) who had received single‐event multilevel surgery between 1995 and 2000 with a mean age at the time of surgery of 10 years 6 months (range 5y 8mo–15y 6mo; SD 3y 1mo)... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5052000 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:33 +0100 5052000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051999&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04010.x Aim  To compare function and gait in a group of children older than most children who received selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) with age‐ and function‐matched peers who received either orthopedic surgery or no surgical intervention.Method  A retrospective study examined ambulatory children with diplegic cerebral palsy, aged between 10 years and 20 years and categorized in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I or II. Three groups were considered: (1) children who had selective dorsal rhizotomy (n=8; two females, six males; mean age 15y 4mo at SDR, 16y 8mo at follow‐up); (2) children who had orthopedic surgery (n=9; three females, six males; mean age 14y 6mo at SDR, 15y 1mo at follow‐up), and (3) children who had no surgical intervention (n=9; two females, s... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051999 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:32 +0100 5051999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051998&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03996.x Aim  The purpose of this study was to create and validate the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) for children with cerebral palsy (CP), for use by a wide variety of individuals who are interested in CP. This paper reports the content validity, interrater reliability, and test–retest reliability of the CFCS for children with CP.Method  An 11‐member development team created comprehensive descriptions of the CFCS levels, and four nominal groups comprising 27 participants critiqued these levels. Within a Delphi survey, 112 participants commented on the clarity and usefulness of the CFCS. Interrater reliability was completed by 61 professionals and 68 parents/relatives who classified 69 children with CP aged 2 to 18 years. Test–retest reliability was completed by 48... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051998 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:30 +0100 5051998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051997&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04032.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051997 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:30 +0100 5051997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051996&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03976.x Aim  It is now generally accepted that paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI) can have an impact on a child’s cognitive, social, and behavioural functioning. However, the lack of guidelines on effective interventions for the affected children and their families, particularly beyond the acute recovery phase, can limit access to effective support. We provide a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of psychological interventions aimed at alleviating cognitive and psychosocial outcomes after paediatric ABI.Method  The search used the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCO databases and hand searches of key journals. Nine studies met inclusion criteria: five intervention studies of cognitive outcome and four of psychosocial outcome. Effect sizes and methodolo... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051996 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:29 +0100 5051996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051995&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03951.x Aim  This research review and meta‐analysis presents an overview of the effects of hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding (THR) on postural control or balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  To synthesize previous research findings, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were undertaken. Relevant studies were identified by systematic searches of multiple online databases from the inception of the database through to May 2010. Studies were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: (1) quantitative study design, (2) investigation of the effect of hippotherapy or THR on postural control or balance, and (3) the study group comprised children and adults with CP. The selected articles were rated for methodological quality. The treatment effect was coded as a d... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051995 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:28 +0100 5051995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051994&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04005.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051994 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:27 +0100 5051994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051993&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04034.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051993 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:26 +0100 5051993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051992&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04030.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051992 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:26 +0100 5051992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051991&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04026.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051991 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:25 +0100 5051991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051990&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04038.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051990 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:24 +0100 5051990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051989&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04020.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051989 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:23 +0100 5051989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051988&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.03983.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051988 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:22 +0100 5051988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051987&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04035.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051987 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:22 +0100 5051987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051973&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04072.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051973 Sat, 23 Jul 2011 12:00:10 +0100 5051973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051978&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04031.x Aim  The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement on gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) by using multiple intraluminal impedance (MII/pH) measurements in children with neurological impairments.Method  Fifteen children with neurological impairments (cerebral palsy, n=10; cerebroidolipofuscinosis, n=2; Aicardi syndrome, n=1; and secondary encephalopathy, n=2) were investigated (interquartile range [IQR] 6y 4mo–14y 8mo; median age 10y 2mo; eight male, seven female). Individuals with nutritional disorders that could not be corrected by physiological means or with swallowing disorders that either caused chronic respiratory symptoms or prevented food intake were included in the study. The exclusion criteria included previous major... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051978 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051977&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04039.x Aim  The aim of this study was to assess overall and gestational age‐specific trends in the rate of cerebral palsy (CP) in Victoria, Australia, and to compare these findings with other population data.Method  Individuals born in Victoria from 1970 to 2004 with non‐postneonatally acquired CP were identified from a population register; 3491 were included in the study (1963 males, 1528 females). After a literature review, comparison data were extracted from publications using previously devised inclusion criteria. Rates were calculated per 1000 live births for all CP and by gestational age group: these were tabulated and plotted by year of birth.Results  Data from nine registries, including the Victorian register, showed an increase in the rates of CP over the 1970s and 1980s, consi... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051977 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051976&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04041.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051976 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051975&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04043.x Aim  To review current studies on the effectiveness of neurofeedback as a method of treatment of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Method  Studies were selected based on searches in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, and CINAHL using combinations of the following keywords: ‘Neurofeedback’ OR ‘EEG Biofeedback’ OR ‘Neurotherapy’ OR ‘Mu‐Rhythm’ OR ‘SMR’ AND ‘Autism’ OR ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ OR ‘Pervasive Developmental Disorder’.Results  The existing evidence does not support the use of neurofeedback in the treatment of ASD. Studies with outcomes in favour of neurofeedback might be showing an improvement in comorbid attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder symptoms rather than a true improvement in core ASD symptoms.Interpretati... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051975 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051974&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04051.x (Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051974 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5051979&cid=s_37675_144_f&fid=37675&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-8749.2011.04058.x This study reviewed the current literature on the nature, aetiology, and treatment of motor stereotypies.Results  Motor stereotypies occur commonly but not exclusively in autistic spectrum disorders. Similar movements are also found in otherwise healthy children and those suffering sensory impairment, social isolation, or severe intellectual disabilities; they may be persistent over time. Although often difficult, it is possible to define and differentiate stereotypies from other movement disorders such as tics through features of the history, such as earlier onset and examination, together with the presence or absence of associated neurological impairment or developmental difficulties. Co‐occurrence with other disorders affecting frontostriatal brain systems, including attention‐def... Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5051979 Mon, 11 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5051979