MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Diabetes' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 15:08:52 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663176&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holness MJ, Sugden MC PMID: 22275082 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663176 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663175&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Basu A, Pedersen MG, Cobelli C PMID: 22275083 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663175 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663174&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamada E, Singh R PMID: 22275084 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663174 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663173&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Halperin F, Lopez X, Manning R, Kahn CR, Kulkarni RN, Goldfine AB Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, the latter possibly caused by a defect in insulin signaling in β-cells. We hypothesized that insulin's effect to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) would be diminished in insulin-resistant persons. To evaluate the effect of insulin to modulate GSIS in insulin-resistant compared with insulin-sensitive subjects, 10 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 11 with T2D, and 8 healthy control subjects were studied on two occasions. The insulin secretory response was assessed by the administration of dextrose for 80 min following a 4-h clamp with either saline infusion (sham) or... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663173 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663172&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanat M, Mari A, Norton L, Winnier D, Defronzo RA, Jenkinson C, Abdul-Ghani MA Abstract To characterize the defects in β-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and compare the results to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects, β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity during the oral glucose tolerance test were measured with the model by Mari in 172 Mexican Americans. A subgroup (n = 70) received a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (+125 mg/dL), and first- and second-phase insulin secretion were quantitated. Compared with NGT, subjects with IFG and IGT manifested a decrease in β-cell glucose sensitivity; IFG subjects, but not IGT subjects, had decreased β-cell rate sensitivity. In IFG subjects, the defect in β-c... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663172 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663171&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22275088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22275088 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663171 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626202&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266668%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gier B, Matveyenko AV, Kirakossian D, Dawson D, Dry SM, Butler PC Abstract Pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) have been hypothesized to give rise to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analog, exendin-4, for 12 weeks induced the expansion of PDGs with mucinous metaplasia and columnar cell atypia resembling low-grade PanIN in rats. In the pancreata of Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras(G12D) mice, exendin-4 led to acceleration of the disruption of exocrine architecture and chronic pancreatitis with mucinous metaplasia and increased formation of murine PanIN lesions. PDGs and PanIN lesions in rodent and human pancreata express the GLP-1 receptor. Exendin-4 induced proproliferative signaling pathways in human pancreatic duct cells, cAMP-p... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626202 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626201&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266669%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu D, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu J, Liang Z, Deng W, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Li S, Ai Z, Zhong Y, Ying Y, Liu H, Gao F, Zhang Z, Chen B Abstract To examine whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a key regulator linking angiogenesis and metabolism, could enhance the engraftment and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in diabetic hindlimb ischemia, we engineered the overexpression of PGC-1α within MSCs using an adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein and PGC-1α, and then tested the survivability and angiogenesis of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Under the condition of hypoxia concomitant with serum deprivation, the overexpression of PGC-1α in MSCs resulted in a higher expression level of hypoxia-inducible fa... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626201 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5626201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580102&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22233651%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have confirmed that genetic variants in CDKAL1 and near MTNR1B are strongly associated with GDM in Korean women. There seems to be a shared genetic basis between GDM and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 22233651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580102 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580109&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olsen AS, Sarras MP, Leontovich A, Intine RV Abstract Metabolic memory (MM) is the phenomenon whereby diabetes complications persist and progress after glycemic recovery is achieved. Here, we present data showing that MM is heritable and that the transmission correlates with hyperglycemia-induced DNA hypomethylation and aberrant gene expression. Streptozocin was used to induce hyperglycemia in adult zebrafish, and then, following streptozocin withdrawal, a recovery phase was allowed to reestablish a euglycemic state. Blood glucose and serum insulin returned to physiological levels during the first 2 weeks of the recovery phase as a result of pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In contrast, caudal fin regeneration and skin wound healing remained impaired to the same extent as ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580109 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580108&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lord CC, Betters JL, Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Myers DS, Madenspacher J, Thomas G, Chung S, Liu M, Davis MA, Lee RG, Crooke RM, Graham MJ, Parks JS, Brasaemle DL, Fessler MB, Brown HA, Brown JM Abstract Mutations of comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) in humans cause Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disease in which excess triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates in multiple tissues. CGI-58 recently has been ascribed two distinct biochemical activities, including coactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase and acylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). It is noteworthy that both the substrate (LPA) and the product (phosphatidic acid) of the LPA acyltransferase reaction are well-known signaling lipids. Therefore, we hypothesized that CGI-58 is involved in g... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580108 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580107&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koutsari C, Mundi MS, Ali AH, Jensen MD Abstract We measured subcutaneous adipose tissue free fatty acid (FFA) storage rates in postprandial and walking conditions to better understand the contributions of this pathway to body fat distribution. Palmitate tracers were infused intravenously and fat biopsies collected to measure palmitate storage in upper- (UBSQ) and lower-body subcutaneous (LBSQ) fat in 41 (17 men) and 40 (16 men) volunteers under postprandial and under postabsorptive walking conditions, respectively. Postprandial palmitate storage was greater in women than men in UBSQ (0.50 ± 0.25 vs. 0.33 ± 0.37 μmol ⋅ kg fat(-1) ⋅ min(-1); P = 0.007) and LBSQ fat (0.37 ± 0.25 vs. 0.22 ± 0.20 μmol ⋅ kg fat(-1) ⋅ min(-1); P = 0.005); storage rates were signifi... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580107 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580106&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228716%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the peripheral blood T-cell compartment of morbid obese and lean subjects. We determined all major T-cell subpopulations via six-color flow cytometry, including CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+) T-helper (Th) subpopulations, and natural CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Moreover, molecular analyses to assess thymic output, T-cell proliferation (T-cell receptor excision circle analysis), and T-cell receptor-β (TCRB) repertoire (GeneScan analysis) were performed. In addition, we determined plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokines associated with Th subpopulations and T-cell proliferation. Morbid obese subjects had a selective increase in peripheral blood CD4(+) naive, memory, natural CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg, and Th2 T cells, w... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580106 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580105&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Menghini R, Casagrande V, Menini S, Marino A, Marzano V, Hribal ML, Gentileschi P, Lauro D, Schillaci O, Pugliese G, Sbraccia P, Urbani A, Lauro R, Federici M Abstract The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)3, a stromal protein that restrains the activity of proteases and receptors, is reduced in inflammatory metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. We overexpressed Timp3 in mouse macrophages (MacT3) to analyze its potential antidiabetes and antiatherosclerotic effects. Transgenic mice with myeloid cells targeting overexpression of TIMP3 were generated and fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. Physical and metabolic phenotypes were determined. Inflammatory markers, lipid accumulation, and insulin sensitivity were measured in whi... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580105 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580104&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhong Y, Li J, Chen Y, Wang JJ, Ratan R, Zhang SX Abstract Inflammation plays an important role in diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the signaling pathway of ER stress-induced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) in the regulation of Müller cell-derived inflammatory mediators in diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic animals, elevated ER stress markers, ATF4, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were partially localized to Müller cells in the retina. In cultured Müller cells, high glucose induced a time-dependent increase of ER stress, ATF4 expression, and inflammatory factor production. Inducing ER stress or overexpressing ATF4 resulted in elevated intr... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580104 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5580103&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22228719%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results demonstrate the association of the common variants of IL6, LEPR, and PBEF1 with obesity in Indian children. PMID: 22228719 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5580103 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5580103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538101&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22148072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xi G, Shen X, Maile LA, Wai C, Gollahon K, Clemmons DR Abstract IGF-I-stimulated sarcoma viral oncogene (Src) activation during hyperglycemia is required for propagating downstream signaling. The aim of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which hyperglycemia enhances IGF-I-stimulated Src activation and the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) in mediating this response in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nox4 expression was analyzed in VSMCs exposed to hyperglycemia. The role of Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IGF-I-stimulated Src activation was investigated via knockdown of Nox4. Different isoforms of PKC were screened to investigate their role in hyperglycemia-induced Nox4. The oxidation of Src was shown to be ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538101 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:10:02 +0100 5538101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538098&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187368%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nair KS PMID: 22187368 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538098 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:09:31 +0100 5538098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538097&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corkey BE Abstract The Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award is the American Diabetes Association's highest scientific award and honors an individual who has made significant, long-term contributions to the understanding of diabetes, its treatment, and/or prevention. The award is named after Nobel Prize winner Sir Frederick Banting, who codiscovered insulin treatment for diabetes. Dr. Barbara E. Corkey received the American Diabetes Association's Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement at the Association's 71st Scientific Sessions, 24-28 June 2011, San Diego, California. She presented the Banting Lecture, "Hyperinsulinemia: Cause or Consequence?" on Sunday, 26 June 2011. PMID: 22187369 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538097 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:09:21 +0100 5538097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538096&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hulme MA, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Brusko TM Abstract Type 1 diabetes presents clinically with overt hyperglycemia resulting from progressive immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells and associated metabolic dysfunction. Combined genetic and immunological studies now highlight deficiencies in both the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and its downstream signaling pathway as a central defect in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Prior intervention studies in animal models indicate that augmenting IL-2 signaling can prevent and reverse disease, with protection conferred primarily by restoration of regulatory T-cell (Treg) function. In this article, we will focus on studies of type 1 diabetes noting deficient IL-2 signaling and build what we believe forms the molec... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538096 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:09:11 +0100 5538096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538095&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kume S, Thomas MC, Koya D PMID: 22187371 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538095 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:09:01 +0100 5538095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538094&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Insel RA, Deecher DC, Brewer J PMID: 22187372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538094 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:08:50 +0100 5538094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538093&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vehik K, Dabelea D PMID: 22187373 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538093 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:08:39 +0100 5538093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538092&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kohler CS, PMID: 22187374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538092 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:08:29 +0100 5538092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538091&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watanabe C, Seino Y, Miyahira H, Yamamoto M, Fukami A, Ozaki N, Takagishi Y, Sato J, Fukuwatari T, Shibata K, Oiso Y, Murata Y, Hayashi Y Abstract Glucagon is believed to be one of the most important peptides for upregulating blood glucose levels. However, homozygous glucagon-green fluorescent protein (gfp) knock-in mice (Gcg(gfp/gfp): GCGKO) are normoglycemic despite the absence of proglucagon-derived peptides, including glucagon. To characterize metabolism in the GCGKO mice, we analyzed gene expression and metabolome in the liver. The expression of genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis was only marginally altered. On the other hand, genes encoding enzymes involved in conversion of amino acids to metabolites available for the tricarboxylic acid cycle an... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538091 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:08:18 +0100 5538091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538090&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187376%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su Y, Lam TK, He W, Pocai A, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L, Gutiérrez-Juárez R Abstract Amino acids profoundly affect insulin action and glucose metabolism in mammals. Here, we investigated the role of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), a key center involved in nutrient-dependent metabolic regulation. Specifically, we tested the novel hypothesis that the metabolism of leucine within the MBH couples the central sensing of leucine with the control of glucose production by the liver. We performed either central (MBH) or systemic infusions of leucine in Sprague-Dawley male rats during basal pancreatic insulin clamps in combination with various pharmacological and molecular interventions designed to modulate leucine metabolism in the MBH. We also examined the role of hypothalamic ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538090 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:08:07 +0100 5538090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538089&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vijayakumar A, Wu Y, Sun H, Li X, Jeddy Z, Liu C, Schwartz GJ, Yakar S, Leroith D Abstract Growth hormone (GH) exerts diverse tissue-specific metabolic effects that are not revealed by global alteration of GH action. To study the direct metabolic effects of GH in the muscle, we specifically inactivated the growth hormone receptor (ghr) gene in postnatal mouse skeletal muscle using the Cre/loxP system (mGHRKO model). The metabolic state of the mGHRKO mice was characterized under lean and obese states. High-fat diet feeding in the mGHRKO mice was associated with reduced adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, lower systemic inflammation, decreased muscle and hepatic triglyceride content, and greater energy expenditure compared with control mice. The obese mGHRKO mice also h... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538089 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:56 +0100 5538089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538088&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Luo X, Hutley LJ, Webster JA, Kim YH, Liu DF, Newell FS, Widberg CH, Bachmann A, Turner N, Schmitz-Peiffer C, Prins JB, Yang GS, Whitehead JP Abstract Adipose tissue dysfunction underpins the association of obesity with type 2 diabetes. Adipogenesis is required for the maintenance of adipose tissue function. It involves the commitment and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes and is coordinated by autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors. We previously reported that fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) primes primary human preadipocytes and Simpson Golabi Behmel syndrome (SGBS) preadipocytes and increases adipogenesis through a cascade involving extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Here, we aimed to use the FGF-1 system to identify novel adipogenic regu... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538088 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:46 +0100 5538088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538087&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187379%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether NGF gene transfer can prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. We worked with mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes and with nondiabetic control mice. After having established that diabetes reduces cardiac NGF mRNA expression, we tested NGF gene therapies with adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) for the capacity to protect the diabetic mouse heart. To this aim, after 2 weeks of diabetes, cardiac expression of human NGF or β-Gal (control) genes was induced by either intramyocardial injection of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) or systemic delivery of AAV serotype 9 (AAV9). Nondiabetic mice were given AAV2-β-Gal or AAV9-β-Gal. We found that the diabetic mice receiving NGF gene transfer via either AAV2 or AAV9 were spared the progressive deterioration of c... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538087 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:36 +0100 5538087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538086&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187380%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fatehi M, Raja M, Carter C, Soliman D, Holt A, Light PE Abstract Pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels are composed of Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits encoded by the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, respectively. Although rare monogenic activating mutations in these genes cause overt neonatal diabetes, the common variants E23K (KCNJ11) and S1369A (ABCC8) form a tightly heritable haplotype that is associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this risk remain to be elucidated. A homology model of the SUR1 nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) indicates that residue 1369 is in close proximity to the major MgATPase site. Therefore, we investigated the intrinsic MgATPase activity of K(ATP) channels conta... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538086 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:26 +0100 5538086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538085&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187381%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22187381 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538085 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:15 +0100 5538085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538084&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187382%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dagogo-Jack S PMID: 22187382 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538084 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:07:05 +0100 5538084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538083&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22187383%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maruthur NM, Kao WH, Selvin E PMID: 22187383 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538083 Sun, 25 Dec 2011 06:06:55 +0100 5538083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538082&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190646%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a new method to quantitate in vivo macrophage tracking (i.e., blood monocytes from donor mice) labeled ex vivo with fluorescent PKH26 dye and injected into recipient mice. Labeled monocytes appear as adipose, liver, and splenic macrophages, peaking in 1-2 days. When CCR2 KO monocytes are injected into wild-type (WT) recipients, or WT monocytes given to MCP-1 KO recipients, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) accumulation is reduced by ~40%, whereas hepatic macrophage content is decreased by ~80%. Using WT donor cells, ATM accumulation is several-fold greater in obese recipient mice compared with lean mice, regardless of the source of donor monocytes. After their appearance in adipose tissue, ATMs progressively polarize from the M2- to the M1-like state in obesity. In summary, the CCR... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538082 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538081&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190647%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krishnamurthy B, Chee J, Jhala G, Fynch S, Graham KL, Santamaria P, Morahan G, Allison J, Izon D, Thomas HE, Kay TW Abstract Prevention of autoimmunity requires the elimination of self-reactive T cells during their development in the thymus and maturation in the periphery. Transgenic NOD mice that overexpress islet-specific glucose 6 phosphatase catalytic subunit related protein (IGRP) in antigen-presenting cells (NOD-IGRP mice) have no IGRP-specific T cells. To study the relative contribution of central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms to deletion of antigen-specific T cells, we crossed NOD-IGRP mice to highly diabetogenic IGRP(206-214) T-cell receptor transgenic mice (NOD8.3 mice) and studied the frequency and function of IGRP-specific T cells in the thymus and periph... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538081 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538080&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tolhurst G, Heffron H, Lam YS, Parker HE, Habib AM, Diakogiannaki E, Cameron J, Grosse J, Reimann F, Gribble FM Abstract Interest in how the gut microbiome can influence the metabolic state of the host has recently heightened. One postulated link is bacterial fermentation of "indigestible" prebiotics to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn modulate the release of gut hormones controlling insulin release and appetite. We show here that SCFAs trigger secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 from mixed colonic cultures in vitro. Quantitative PCR revealed enriched expression of the SCFA receptors ffar2 (grp43) and ffar3 (gpr41) in GLP-1-secreting L cells, and consistent with the reported coupling of GPR43 to Gq signaling pathways, SCFAs raised ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538080 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538079&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22190649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Groom A, Potter C, Swan DC, Fatemifar G, Evans DM, Ring SM, Turcot V, Pearce MS, Embleton ND, Davey G, Smith , Mathers JC, Relton CL Abstract Rapid postnatal growth is associated with increased risk of childhood adiposity. The aim of this study was to establish whether this pathway is mediated by altered DNA methylation and gene expression. Two distinct cohorts, one preterm (n = 121) and one term born (n = 6,990), were studied. Exploratory analyses were performed using microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in whole blood from children defined as "slow" (n = 10) compared with "rapid" (n = 10) postnatal (term to 12 weeks corrected age) growers. Methylation within the identified TACSTD2 gene was measured in both cohorts, and rs61779296 genotype was determined... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538079 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538100&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22179809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moreno-Navarrete JM, Catalán V, Whyte L, Díaz-Arteaga A, Vázquez-Martínez R, Rotellar F, Guzmán R, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Pulido MR, Russell WR, Imbernón M, Ross RA, Malagón MM, Dieguez C, Fernández-Real JM, Frühbeck G, Nogueiras R Abstract GPR55 is a putative cannabinoid receptor, and L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand. We investigated 1) whether GPR55 is expressed in fat and liver; 2) the correlation of both GPR55 and LPI with several metabolic parameters; and 3) the actions of LPI on human adipocytes. We analyzed CB1, CB2, and GPR55 gene expression and circulating LPI levels in two independent cohorts of obese and lean subjects, with both normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Ex vivo experiments were used to m... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538100 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5538099&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22179810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gögebakan O, Andres J, Biedasek K, Mai K, Kühnen P, Krude H, Isken F, Rudovich N, Osterhoff MA, Kintscher U, Nauck M, Pfeiffer AF, Spranger J Abstract Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been suggested to have direct effects on nonislet tissues. GIP also reportedly increased glucose uptake and inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes after inhibition of the intracellular cortisone-cortisol shuttle 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1). We here analyzed whether GIP modifies lipid metabolism and further elucidated the relation between GIP, 11β-HSD1, and fatty acid metabolism. GIP reduced activity of 11β-HSD1 promoter constructs and the expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent fas... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5538099 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5538099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478556&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22110090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Butler PC PMID: 22110090 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478556 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478555&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22110091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cho KW, Lumeng CN PMID: 22110091 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478555 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478554&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22110092%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Reduction of adipose tissue SirT1 expression, which leads to histone hyperacetylation and ectopic inflammatory gene expression, is identified as a key regulatory component of macrophage influx into adipose tissue during overnutrition in rodents and humans. Our results suggest that SirT1 regulates adipose tissue inflammation by controlling the gain of proinflammatory transcription in response to inducers such as fatty acids, hypoxia, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. PMID: 22110092 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478554 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478553&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22110093%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that type 1 diabetes risk modification by cesarean section may be linked to viral responses in the preclinical autoantibody-positive disease phase. PMID: 22110093 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478553 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478552&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22110094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22110094 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478552 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478551&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sørensen IM, Joner G, Jenum PA, Eskild A, Torjesen PA, Stene LC Abstract Previous studies indicate reduced risk of type 1 diabetes after intake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy or early childhood. We aimed to test whether lower maternal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH D) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. In this case-control study nested within a cohort of 29,072 women in Norway, 25-OH D levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay on samples from late pregnancy in 109 women delivering a child who developed type 1 diabetes before 15 years of age (case subjects) and from 219 control women. Dividing the levels of maternal 25-OH D into quartiles, there was a trend toward a higher risk of ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478551 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478550&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yu L, Miao D, Scrimgeour L, Johnson K, Rewers M, Eisenbarth GS Abstract A subset of children develops persistent insulin autoantibodies (IAA; almost always as the only islet autoantibody) without evidence of progression to diabetes. The aim of the current study was the development and characterization of the performance of a nonradioactive fluid phase insulin autoantibody assay in relation to standard IAA radioassay. We developed a nonradioactive IAA assay where bivalent IAA cross-link two insulin moieties in a fluid phase. The serum samples positive for anti-islet autoantibodies from 150 newly diagnosed patients with diabetes (Barbara Davis Center plus Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program [DASP] Workshop) and 70 prediabetic subjects who were followed to diabetes ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478550 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478549&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng Z, Chen H, Li J, Li T, Zheng B, Zheng Y, Jin H, He Y, Gu Q, Xu X Abstract Cellular metabolic memory occurs in diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and metformin in this phenomenon. In bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (BRECs) and retinas of diabetic rats, the inflammatory gene, nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), and the proapoptotic gene, Bax, induced by hyperglycemia, remained elevated after returning to normoglycemia. BRECs with small interfering RNA-mediated SIRT1 knockdown had increased sensitivity to hyperglycemia stress, whereas SIRT1 overexpression or activation by metformin inhibited the increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediat... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478549 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478548&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kimura K, Yamada T, Kaneko S, Matsumoto M, Kido Y, Hosooka T, Asahara SI, Matsuda T, Ota T, Watanabe H, Sai Y, Miyamoto K, Kasuga M, Inoue H Abstract In the liver, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the suppression of gluconeogenic enzyme expression. While obesity-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to increase hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression, the role of ER stress in STAT3-dependent regulation of such expression is unclear. The current study aimed to elucidate the effect of ER stress on the STAT3-dependent regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme expression. Genetically obese/diabetic db/db mice and db/db mouse-derived isolated hepatocytes were used as ER stress models. A tyrosine phospha... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478548 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478547&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124465%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gorboulev V, Schürmann A, Vallon V, Kipp H, Jaschke A, Klessen D, Friedrich A, Scherneck S, Rieg T, Cunard R, Veyhl-Wichmann M, Srinivasan A, Balen D, Breljak D, Rexhepaj R, Parker HE, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Lang F, Wiese S, Sabolic I, Sendtner M, Koepsell H Abstract To clarify the physiological role of Na(+)-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in small intestine and kidney, Sglt1(-/-) mice were generated and characterized phenotypically. After gavage of d-glucose, small intestinal glucose absorption across the brush-border membrane (BBM) via SGLT1 and GLUT2 were analyzed. Glucose-induced secretion of insulinotropic hormone (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in wild-type and Sglt1(-/-) mice were compared. The impact of SGLT1 on renal glucose handling was investigated by ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478547 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478546&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22124466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tchoukalova YD, Fitch M, Rogers PM, Covington JD, Henagan TM, Ye J, Hellerstein MK, Ravussin E Abstract Impairment of adipogenesis contributes to the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. The current in vitro approaches for its assessment represent crude estimates of the adipogenic potential because of the disruption of the in vivo microenvironment. A novel assessment of in vivo adipogenesis using the incorporation of the stable isotope deuterium ((2)H) into the DNA of isolated adipocytes and stroma-vascular fraction from adipose tissue has been developed. In the current study, we have refined this technique by purifying the adipocytes via a negative immune selection and sorting the plastic adherent stroma-vascular (aSV) subfraction (using 3 h culture) that co... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478546 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478564&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106155%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hamilton-Williams EE, Cheung J, Rainbow DB, Hunter KM, Wicker LS, Sherman LA Abstract Type 1 diabetes genes within the IL-2, CTLA-4, and NRAMP1 pathways influence development of autoimmune diabetes in humans and NOD mice. In NOD mice, when present together, protective alleles encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2), Idd3 candidate gene, CTLA-4, NRAMP1, and ACADL (candidate genes for the Idd5.1, Idd5.2, and Idd5.3 subregions) provide nearly complete diabetes protection. To define where the protective alleles of Idd3 and the Idd5 subregions must be present to protect from diabetes and tolerize islet-specific CD8(+) T cells, SCID mice were reconstituted so that the host and lymphocytes expressed various combinations of protective and susceptibility alleles at Idd3 and Idd5. Although pr... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478564 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478563&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106156%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tudhope SJ, Wang CC, Petrie JL, Potts L, Malcomson F, Kieswich J, Yaqoob MM, Arden C, Hampson LJ, Agius L Abstract Hepatic autonomic nerves regulate postprandial hepatic glucose uptake but the signaling pathways remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) exerts stimulatory and inhibitory effects on hepatic glucose disposal. Ligands of diverse 5-HT receptors were used to identify signaling pathway(s) regulating glucose metabolism in hepatocytes. 5-HT had stimulatory and inhibitory effects on glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes mediated by 5-HT1/2A and 5-HT2B receptors, respectively. Agonists of 5-HT1/2A receptors lowered blood glucose and increased hepatic glycogen after oral glucose loading, and stimulated glycogen synthesis in fresh... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478563 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478560&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thearle MS, Muller YL, Hanson RL, Mullins M, Abdussamad M, Tran J, Knowler WC, Bogardus C, Krakoff J, Baier LJ Abstract Features of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) deficiency have been observed to be more pronounced in childhood. Longitudinal data from a population-based study were used to separate the phenotypic effects of MC4R deficiency during childhood and adulthood. The MC4R exon was sequenced in 6,760 individuals of predominantly Pima Indian heritage, and discovered mutations were functionally assessed in vitro. Effects on BMI, height, and slope of BMI change were assessed during childhood (ages 5-20 years) and adulthood (ages 20-45 years). Six mutations affecting MC4R function, including three that may be private to Pima Indians, were found in 159 individuals (2.4%).... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478560 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478559&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106158%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, differences in transcript expression may determine the clinical phenotype of CHI in this maternally inherited dominant mutation. The use of peripheral lymphocytes as a peripheral window to the β-cell transcription profile can serve in resolving β-cell phenotypes. The severe, dominant-negative nature of the 1508insAS mutation suggests that it affects the functional stoichiometry of SUR1-regulated gating of K(ATP) channels. PMID: 22106158 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478559 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478558&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106159%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yue JT, Burdett E, Coy DH, Giacca A, Efendic S, Vranic M Abstract Diminished responsiveness to hypoglycemia contributes to defective counterregulation in diabetes. Pancreatic and/or circulating somatostatin are elevated in diabetes, which may inhibit counterregulatory hormone release during hypoglycemia. Thus, a selective somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonist (SSTR2a) should improve hormone counterregulation to hypoglycemia. Nondiabetic (N) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) rats underwent 4-h infusion of saline or SSTR2a with insulin-induced hypoglycemia clamped at 2.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L. To evaluate the effect of the SSTR2a in the absence of hypoglycemia, rats underwent a 4-h infusion of saline (Ctrl:N, Ctrl:D) or SSTR2a (Ctrl:D+SSTR2a) only. The attenuated glucagon re... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478558 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5478557&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22106160%26dopt%3DAbstract We report for the first time the essential involvement of heparanase in DN. With the use of Hpse-KO mice, we found that deletion of the heparanase gene protects diabetic mice from DN. Furthermore, by investigating the molecular mechanism underlying induction of the enzyme in DN, we found that transcription factor early growth response 1 is responsible for activation of heparanase promoter under diabetic conditions. The specific heparanase inhibitor SST0001 markedly decreased the extent of albuminuria and renal damage in mouse models of DN. Our results collectively underscore the crucial role of heparanase in the pathogenesis of DN and its potential as a highly relevant target for therapeutic interventions in patients with DN. PMID: 22106160 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5478557 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5478557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427195&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22076926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu S, Divall S, Wondisford F, Wolfe A Abstract Reproductive dysfunction is associated with obesity. We previously showed that female mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) exhibit infertility and thus serve as a model of human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We postulated that differential insulin signaling of tissues leads to reproductive dysfunction; therefore, a comparison of insulin signaling in reproductive tissues and energy storage tissues was performed. Pituitary-specific insulin receptor knockout mice were used as controls. High-fat diet-induced stress, which leads to insulin resistance, was also investigated by assaying macrophage infiltration and phosphorylated Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (pJNK) signaling. In lean mice, reproductive tissues exhibited reduced sensi... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427195 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427194&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22076927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Carvello M, Petrelli A, Vergani A, Lee KM, Tezza S, Chin M, Orsenigo E, Staudacher C, Secchi A, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Sayegh MH, Markmann JF, Fiorina P Abstract B cells participate in the priming of the allo- and autoimmune responses, and their depletion can thus be advantageous for islet transplantation. Herein, we provide an extensive study of the effect of B-cell depletion in murine models of islet transplantation. Islet transplantation was performed in hyperglycemic B-cell-deficient (μMT) mice, in a purely alloimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic C57BL/6), in a purely autoimmune setting (NOD.SCID into hyperglycemic NOD), and in a mixed allo-/autoimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic NOD). Inotuzumab ozogamicin murine analog (anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody co... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427194 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383175&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levine JA PMID: 22025771 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383175 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383174&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schatz DA, Levine SR, Atkinson MA PMID: 22025772 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383174 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383173&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025773%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cobelli C, Renard E, Kovatchev B PMID: 22025773 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383173 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383172&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025774%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Haan JB PMID: 22025774 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383172 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383171&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025775%26dopt%3DAbstract FUT2 Nonfunctional Variant: A "Missing Link" Between Genes and Environment in Type 1 Diabetes? Diabetes. 2011 Nov;60(11):2685-7 Authors: Yang P, Li HL, Wang CY PMID: 22025775 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383171 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383170&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leslie RD, Beyan H PMID: 22025776 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383170 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383169&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025777%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Distinct metabolic profiles are associated with age and islet autoimmunity. Pathways that use methionine are potentially relevant for developing islet autoantibodies in early infancy. PMID: 22025777 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383169 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383168&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025778%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue inflammation was equally distributed between sexes and ethnicities. It was associated with partitioning of fat toward VAT and the liver and altered β-cell function, independent of total adiposity. Several genes belonging to the NF-κB stress pathway were upregulated, suggesting stimulation of proinflammatory mediators. PMID: 22025778 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383168 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383167&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025779%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS We provide experimental evidence indicating that dietary compounds targeting Nrf2 activation can be used therapeutically to improve metabolic disorder and relieve renal damage induced by diabetes. PMID: 22025779 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383167 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383166&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025780%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Our findings linking FUT2 and type 1 diabetes highlight the intriguing relationship between host resistance to infections and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. PMID: 22025780 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383166 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383165&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22025781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22025781 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383165 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383161&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22043003%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ablamunits V, Henegariu O, Hansen JB, Opare-Addo L, Preston-Hurlburt P, Santamaria P, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Herold KC Abstract Inflammatory cytokines are involved in autoimmune diabetes: among the most prominent is interleukin (IL)-1β. We postulated that blockade of IL-1β would modulate the effects of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in treating diabetes in NOD mice. To test this, we treated hyperglycemic NOD mice with F(ab')(2) fragments of anti-CD3 mAb with or without IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), or anti-IL-1β mAb. We studied the reversal of diabetes and effects of treatment on the immune system. Mice that received a combination of anti-CD3 mAb with IL-1RA showed a more rapid rate of remission of diabetes than mice treated with anti-CD3 mAb or IL-1RA alone. Combi... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383161 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383160&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22043004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bates HE, Campbell JE, Usher JR, Baggio LL, Maida A, Seino Y, Drucker DJ Abstract Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, GIP also enhances glucocorticoid secretion and promotes adiposity. Because obesity and diabetes are glucocorticoid dependent, we examined whether the effects of GIP on energy balance and glycemia are regulated by glucocorticoids using pharmacological activation of GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling with [D-Ala(2)]GIP in mice and in Y1 adrenocortical cells. Genetic elimination of GIPR activity was also studied in normal- and high fat (HF)-fed Gipr deficient (Gipr(-/-)) mice. [D-Ala(2)]GIP increased murine corticosterone levels in a GIPR-dependent manner. Conversely, basal corticosterone levels ... Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383160 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383179&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013015%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONOur study shows for the first time that the glucoincretin hormone GLP-1 modulates SirT1 activity and FoxO1 acetylation in β-cells. We also identify SirT1 as a negative regulator of β-cell proliferation. PMID: 22013015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383179 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383164&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22028180%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSPre-exposure to physiological hyperinsulinemia stimulates insulin secretion to a degree that depends on insulin sensitivity. However, this phenomenon has limited impact on β-cell dysfunction and dysglycemia. PMID: 22028180 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383164 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383163&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22028181%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSSeveral GK-MODY mutants show posttranslational defects in β-cells characterized by increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or protein instability. Regulation of GK activity through modulation of thiol status may be a physiological regulatory mechanism for the control of GK activity in β-cells. PMID: 22028181 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383163 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383162&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22028182%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSInsulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle in part through effects via K(ATP) channels in the central nervous system, in analogy with the inhibitory effects of insulin on EGP. High-fat diet-induced obesity abolished the central effects of insulin on liver and muscle. These observations stress the role of central insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of diet-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 22028182 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383162 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383181&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013013%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSLocal catecholamine release into the VMH enhances counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia via stimulation of B2AR. These observations suggest that B2AR agonists might have therapeutic benefit in diabetic patients with defective glucose counterregulation. PMID: 22013013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383181 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383180&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013014%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThe lowering by glucose of the Gck-to-Gckr ratio provides a potential explanation for the impaired hepatic glucose uptake in diabetes. Elevated uric acid production at an elevated Gck -to-Gckr ratio supports a role for glucose regulation of gene expression in hepatic phosphate homeostasis. PMID: 22013014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383180 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383178&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013016%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese studies demonstrate that a common transcriptional cascade drives the differentiation of β-cells and serotonergic neurons and imparts the shared ability to produce serotonin. The interrelated biology of these two cell types has important implications for the pathology and treatment of diabetes. PMID: 22013016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383178 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383177&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013017%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSIL-21 interferes with different checkpoints of the FoxP3 Treg chain in the late phase of alloimmune response and, thus, acts as an antitolerogenic cytokine. Blockade of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway could be a precondition for tolerogenic protocols in transplantation. PMID: 22013017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383177 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5383176&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22013018%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur study provides a definitive quantitative estimate of the capacity of extrahepatic gluconeogenesis to sustain fasting endogenous glucose production under the control of glucagon, regardless of the contribution of the liver. Thus, the current dogma relating to the respective role of the liver and of extrahepatic gluconeogenic organs in glucose homeostasis requires re-examination. PMID: 22013018 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5383176 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5383176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316768&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984584%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSIn healthy subjects, GIP has no effect on glucagon responses during hyperglycemia while strongly potentiating insulin secretion. In contrast, GIP increases glucagon levels during fasting and hypoglycemic conditions, where it has little or no effect on insulin secretion. Thus, GIP seems to be a physiological bifunctional blood glucose stabilizer with diverging glucose-dependent effects on the two main pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones. PMID: 21984584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316768 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316767&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998397%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that 4-1BB and 4-1BBL may be useful therapeutic targets for combating obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders. PMID: 21998397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316767 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316766&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998398%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSPPI-specific CD8(+) T cells in type 1 diabetic patients include central memory and target different epitopes in new-onset versus long-standing disease. Our data support the hypothesis that insulin therapy may contribute to the expansion of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells in the long-term. PMID: 21998398 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316766 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316765&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998399%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSIONOur results demonstrate that Wld(S) combines an insulinotropic effect with protection against β-cell failure and suggest that enhancing NAD biosynthesis in β-cells to increase SIRT1 activity could be a potential therapeutic approach for diabetes. PMID: 21998399 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316765 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316764&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998400%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSRSG decreases bone quality. An unusual finding was an increase in cortical bone porosity induced by RSG, consistent with its effect on long bones of women. ALN, an inhibitor of bone resorption, enhanced mechanical strength and may provide an approach to partially counter the deleterious skeletal effects of RSG. PMID: 21998400 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316764 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316763&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998401%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur data highlight a crucial role of ABCA1 and cellular cholesterol in β-cells that is necessary for regulated insulin granule fusion events. These data suggest that abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism may contribute to the impaired β-cell function in diabetes. PMID: 21998401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316763 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316762&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21998402%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSImpaired expression of ICER contributes to elevation in CREB target genes and, therefore, to the development of insulin resistance in obesity. PMID: 21998402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316762 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316774&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984578%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThe present findings suggest that local IFN production may interact with a genetic factor (PTPN2) to induce aberrant proapoptotic activity of the BH3-only protein Bim, resulting in increased β-cell apoptosis via JNK activation and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This is the first indication of a direct interaction between a candidate gene for T1D and the activation of a specific downstream proapoptotic pathway in β-cells. PMID: 21984578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316774 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316773&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984579%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSUsing a novel β-cell-specific UCP2KO mouse model, we have shed light on UCP2 function in primary β-cells. UCP2 does not behave as a classical metabolic uncoupler in the β-cell, but has a more prominent role in the regulation of intracellular ROS levels that contribute to GSIS amplification. In addition, β-cell UCP2 contributes to the regulation of intraislet ROS signals that mediate changes in α-cell morphology and glucagon secretion. PMID: 21984579 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316773 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316772&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984580%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSSystemic insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis are associated with decreased IRS2 and TIMP3 expression in circulating monocytes. PMID: 21984580 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316772 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316771&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984581%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur data demonstrate the protective role of B7-H4 in the development of autoimmune diabetes, suggesting a potential means of preventing type 1 diabetes by targeting the B7-H4 pathway. PMID: 21984581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316771 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316770&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984582%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSBOLD activation was increased and deactivation was decreased in type 1 diabetic versus control subjects during hypoglycemia. This higher level of brain activation required by type 1 diabetic subjects to attain the same level of cognitive performance as control subjects suggests reduced cerebral efficiency in type 1 diabetes. PMID: 21984582 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316770 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316769&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21984583%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSIn summary, activation of duodenal PKC-δ leads to the stimulation of CCK release and activation of the CCK-A receptor signaling axis to lower glucose production in normal rats, but fails to bypass duodenal CCK-resistance in high fat-fed rats. PMID: 21984583 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316769 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283994&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21873552%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Total myocellular DAGs were markedly higher in highly trained athletes, corresponding with higher insulin sensitivity, and suggest a more complex role for DAGs in insulin action. Our data also provide additional evidence in humans linking ceramides to insulin resistance. Finally, this study provides novel evidence supporting a role for specific skeletal muscle proteins involved in intramyocellular lipids, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and insulin resistance. PMID: 21873552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283994 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283993&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885870%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS [Ca(2+)](c) and [Ca(2+)](ER) oscillate in phase in response to glucose. Upon [Ca(2+)](c) increase, Ca(2+) is taken up by SERCA2b and SERCA3. Strong Ca(2+) influx triggers a Ca(2+) release from the ER that depends on SERCA3. SERCA3 deficiency neither impairs Ca(2+) uptake by the ER upon cell metabolism acceleration and insulin release nor induces ER stress. PMID: 21885870 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283993 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283992&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940780%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate Id1 as a negative regulator of insulin secretion. Id1 expression plays an essential role in the etiology of glucose intolerance, insulin secretory dysfunction, and β-cell dedifferentiation under conditions of increased lipid supply. PMID: 21940780 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283992 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283991&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21948998%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karpe F, Dickmann JR, Frayn KN PMID: 21948998 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283991 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283990&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21948999%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fahien LA, Macdonald MJ PMID: 21948999 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283990 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283989&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21949000%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Billestrup N PMID: 21949000 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283989 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283988&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21949001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21949001 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283988 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283987&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21953611%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that within diabetes, exposure to hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia may result in subtle deviation from normal developmental trajectories of the brain. PMID: 21953611 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283987 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283986&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21953612%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that HDAC4, -5, and -9 are key regulators to control the pancreatic β/δ-cell lineage. These results highlight the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of endocrine cell development and suggest new strategies for β-cell differentiation-based therapies. PMID: 21953612 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283986 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283997&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940781%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThe mechanism behind glucose-induced transcriptional control of IRS-2 gene expression specific to the islet β-cell is mediated by the Ca(2+)/calcineurin/NFAT pathway. This novel insight into the IRS-2 regulation could provide novel therapeutic means in type 2 diabetes to maintain an adequate functional mass. PMID: 21940781 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283997 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283996&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940782%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur data uncover a FoxO6-dependent pathway by which the liver orchestrates insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis, providing the proof-of-concept that selective FoxO6 inhibition is beneficial for curbing excessive hepatic glucose production and improving glycemic control in diabetes. PMID: 21940782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283996 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283995&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21940783%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSBecause one consequence of repair failure is rapid cell death (via necrosis), our demonstration that repair fails in diabetes suggests a new mechanism by which myopathy develops in diabetes. PMID: 21940783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283995 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284001&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933985%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that specific gut microbiota modulation improves glucose homeostasis, leptin sensitivity, and target enteroendocrine cell activity in obese and diabetic mice. By profiling the gut microbiota, we identified a catalog of putative bacterial targets that may affect host metabolism in obesity and diabetes. PMID: 21933985 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284001 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5284001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5284000&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933986%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThe molecular mechanism for feedback control of IRS signaling to decrease IRS-2 expression in liver and β-cells is quite distinct, with a predominant role played by FoxO3a in β-cells. PMID: 21933986 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5284000 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5284000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283999&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933987%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions.TRB3 gene silencing may exert a protective effect on DCM by improving selective insulin resistance, implicating its potential role for treatment of human DCM. PMID: 21933987 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283999 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283998&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933988%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSRegulation of activated MMP-9 prevents retinal capillary cells from undergoing apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial ultrastructure and function and preventing mtDNA damage. Thus, MMP-9 inhibitors could have potential therapeutic value in preventing the development of diabetic retinopathy by preventing the continuation of the vicious cycle of mitochondrial damage. PMID: 21933988 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283998 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5283998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234800&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926268%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSAPPL1 plays a key role in coordinating the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor effects of insulin by modulating Akt-dependent NO production and ERK1/2-mediated ET-1 secretion in the endothelium. PMID: 21926268 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234800 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234799&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926269%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSPolymorphic variation in paternally transmitted fetal IGF2 is associated with increased maternal glucose concentrations in pregnancy and could potentially alter the risk of gestational diabetes in the mother. The association may be at least partially mediated by changes in placental IGF2 expression. PMID: 21926269 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234799 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234798&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926270%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSAn extremely low amount of α-cells is sufficient to prevent a major counter-regulatory deregulation, both under physiologic and diabetic conditions. We previously reported that α-cells reprogram to insulin production after extreme β-cell loss and now conjecture that the low α-cell requirement could be exploited in future diabetic therapies aimed at regenerating β-cells by reprogramming adult α-cells. PMID: 21926270 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234798 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234797&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926271%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide important guidance for designing strategies targeting B cells as a potential means of diabetes intervention. PMID: 21926271 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234797 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234796&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926272%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSData show that MEHFMRI quantitatively visualizes individual islets in the intact mouse pancreas, both ex vivo and in vivo. PMID: 21926272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234796 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234795&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926273%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONST2, by activating SIRT1, triggers a cascade of events resulting in improvement of the serum lipid profile, prevention of fat accumulation, and, finally, prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance. PMID: 21926273 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234795 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234794&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926274%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur observations have important implications with respect to the potential central actions of FGF21. Future research should seek to clarify whether FGF21 would be beneficial in the management of obesity and its metabolic complications. PMID: 21926274 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234794 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234793&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926275%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThe discovery of this novel adipose tissue monocytic cell population provides advances toward understanding the pleiotropic role of CCR2 in monocyte/macrophage accumulation and regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. PMID: 21926275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234793 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5234792&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21926276%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that arginase-2 plays a major role in induction of diabetic renal injury and that blocking arginase-2 activity or expression could be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of DN. PMID: 21926276 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5234792 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5234792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221396&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911741%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSVitamin D supplementation to apparently healthy subjects with insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels does not improve insulin sensitivity or secretion or serum lipid profile. PMID: 21911741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221396 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221395&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911742%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSVLDL-TG storage efficiency is similar in all regional fat depots, and trafficking of VLDL-TG into different adipose tissue depots was similar in UBO and lean women. Postabsorptive VLDL-TG storage is unlikely to be of major importance in the development of preferential upper-body fat distribution in obese women. PMID: 21911742 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221395 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221394&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911743%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSData suggest a potential therapeutic value of Tregs to improve insulin resistance and end organ damage in type 2 diabetes by limiting the proinflammatory milieu. PMID: 21911743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221394 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221393&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911744%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSPKC-ζ, through mTOR activation, modifies the expression pattern of β-cell cycle molecules leading to increased β-cell replication and mass with a concomitant enhancement in β-cell function. Approaches to enhance PKC-ζ activity may be of value as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes. PMID: 21911744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221393 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221392&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911745%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate that AGEs directly cause insulin secretory defects, most likely by impairing mitochondrial function, which may contribute to the development of T1D. PMID: 21911745 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221392 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221391&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911746%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSAfter incident T2D, TCF7L2 at-risk variants were associated with a faster decrease in β-cell function compared with those with the CC genotype. There was a joint effect of family history of T2D and TCF7L2 risk variant on the rise in glycemia and the decrease in insulin secretion at the end of follow-up, suggesting the joint influence of the combination of diabetes genetic predisposition with familial factors on the evolution of glycemia over time. PMID: 21911746 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221391 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221390&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911747%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that the initial stage of HFD-induced insulin resistance is independent of inflammation, whereas the more chronic state of insulin resistance in established obesity is largely mediated by macrophage-induced proinflammatory actions. The early onset insulin resistance during HFD feeding is more likely related to acute tissue lipid overload. PMID: 21911747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221390 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221389&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911748%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSTreatment with an EPO-derived peptide after diabetes is fully established can significantly protect against neuroglial and vascular degenerative pathology without altering hematocrit or exacerbating neovascularization. These findings have therapeutic implications for disorders such as diabetic retinopathy. PMID: 21911748 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221389 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221388&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911749%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSIn this study, we found CPVL/CHN2 rs39059 was associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. PMID: 21911749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221388 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221387&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911750%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThis work provides solid evidence that differentiated human muscle precursor cells maintain in vivo phenotypes of inflammation and insulin resistance and that obesity alone may not be sufficient to establish inflammation in these cells. It is important that we demonstrate an anti-inflammatory role for AMPK in these human cells. Despite attenuation of NF-κB activity by AMPK, insulin resistance in obese T2D cells remained, suggesting factors in addition to inflammation may contribute to the insulin resistance phenotype in muscle cells. PMID: 21911750 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221387 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221386&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911751%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese results collectively imply a physiological role for endothelial NO to limit obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in hepatocytes and support a model in which Kupffer cell activation during high-fat feeding is dependent on reduced NO signaling. Our findings also identify the NO/VASP pathway as a novel potential target for the treatment of obesity-associated liver insulin resistance. PMID: 21911751 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221386 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221385&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911752%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSHigher baseline 25(OH)D independently predicted better β-cell function and lower AUC(glucose) at follow-up, supporting a potential role for vitamin D in type 2 diabetes etiology. PMID: 21911752 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221385 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221384&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911753%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSWe provide the first in vitro and in vivo evidence in support of an accelerated Rac1-Nox-ROS-JNK1/2 signaling pathway in the islet β-cell leading to the onset of mitochondrial dysregulation in diabetes. PMID: 21911753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221384 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221383&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911754%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSMyocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic mice are attenuated by reduction of calpain function. Thus targeted inhibition of calpain represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for reversing diabetic cardiomyopathy. PMID: 21911754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221383 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221403&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896927%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThis exploratory study demonstrates that type 1 diabetic adults with low and moderate risk HLA genotypes benefit the most from intervention with DiaPep277; the only subgroup with an increase of C-peptide at 12 months after diagnosis was the low risk DiaPep277-treated subgroup. PMID: 21896927 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221403 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221402&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896928%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSTaken together, these studies demonstrate that resveratrol improves glucose homeostasis mainly through a central SIRT1-dependent pathway and that the MBH is a major site of resveratrol action. PMID: 21896928 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221402 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221401&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896929%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSElevated glucose levels augment the release of AA and LA from phospholipids and their peroxidation to 4-HNE in β-cells. This molecule is an endogenous ligand for PPAR-δ, which amplifies insulin secretion in β-cells. PMID: 21896929 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221401 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221400&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896930%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that G6pc2 is an important driver for the selection and expansion of islet-reactive CD8(+) T cells infiltrating NOD/ShiLtJ islets. However, autoreactivity to G6pc2 is not essential for the emergence of autoimmune diabetes. The results remain consistent with previous studies indicating that insulin may be the primary autoimmune target, at least in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. PMID: 21896930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221400 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221399&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896931%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that both AT(1)Rs and AT(2)Rs regulate insulin's microvascular and metabolic action in muscle. Although AT(1)R activity restrains muscle metabolic responses to insulin via decreased microvascular recruitment and insulin delivery, AT(2)R activity is required for normal microvascular responses to insulin. Thus, pharmacologic manipulation aimed at increasing the AT(2)R-to-AT(1)R activity ratio may afford the potential to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. PMID: 21896931 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221399 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221398&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896932%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese data provide evidence for an unbalanced immune status in the PLNs of type 1 diabetic subjects, and treatments restoring the immune homeostasis in the target organ of these patients represent a potential therapeutic strategy. PMID: 21896932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221398 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5221397&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896933%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSOur findings propose that a genetic variation in a gene coding for a histone methyltransferase is protective for a diabetic microvascular complication. The pathophysiological implications of this polymorphism or other genetic variation nearby for the vascular complications of type 1 diabetes remain to be investigated. PMID: 21896933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5221397 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5221397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5195503&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885868%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSBoth hepatic Tip-DCs and ATMs contribute to insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Curcusome nanoparticles inhibit proinflammatory pathways in hepatic Tip-DCs and ATMs and reverse insulin resistance. Targeting inflammatory DCs is a novel approach for type 2 diabetes treatment. PMID: 21885868 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5195503 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5195503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5195502&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885869%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSCCK activates NTS-PPG cells by a circuit involving adrenergic and glutamatergic neurones. NTS-PPG neurons integrate a variety of peripheral signals that indicate both long-term energy balance and short-term nutritional and digestional status to produce an output signal to feeding and autonomic circuits. PMID: 21885869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5195502 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5195502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5195501&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885870%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS[Ca(2+)](c) and [Ca(2+)](ER) oscillate in phase in response to glucose. Upon [Ca(2+)](c) increase, Ca(2+) is taken up by SERCA2b and SERCA3. Strong Ca(2+) influx triggers a Ca(2+) release from the ER that depends on SERCA3. SERCA3 deficiency neither impairs Ca(2+) uptake by the ER upon cell metabolism acceleration and insulin release nor induces ER stress. PMID: 21885870 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5195501 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5195501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5195500&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885871%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese studies showed a novel, glucose-induced molecular mechanism in which miR-146a participates in the transcriptional circuitry regulating extracellular matrix protein production in diabetes. PMID: 21885871 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5195500 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5195500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5195499&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885872%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that therapies that use antagonism of hepatic glucagon action to reduce blood glucose may interfere with the ability of exercise and perhaps other interventions to positively affect fatty liver. PMID: 21885872 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5195499 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5195499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180243&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cusi K PMID: 21868787 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180243 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180242&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kiens B, Høeg LD, Sjøberg KA PMID: 21868788 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180242 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180241&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Howard SG PMID: 21868789 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180241 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180240&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holst JJ PMID: 21868790 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180240 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180239&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868791%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS Increased GLP-1-stimulated insulin secretion contributes significantly to hyperinsulinism in GB subjects. However, the exaggerated effect of GLP-1 on postprandial insulin secretion in surgical subjects is not significantly different in those with and without recurrent hypoglycemia. PMID: 21868791 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180239 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5180238&cid=s_37676_15_f&fid=37676&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21868792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21868792 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Diabetes) Diabetes journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5180238 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5180238