MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Documenta Ophthalmologica' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 23:31:38 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5661126&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg3l72671g1566523%2F We report on a 33-year-old woman who was treated for a cutaneous malignant melanoma on a left finger by surgical resection and chemotherapy including local injections of interferon-beta in 2007. In March 2009, the melanoma had metastasized to her left hand, and she underwent metastasectomy and monthly local injections of interferon-beta. She developed shimmering vision, photopsia, blurred vision, and night blindness in her left eye in April 2009 and visited our clinic. At our initial examination, her best-corrected visual acuity was 1.5 OD and 1.2 OS, and ophthalmoscopy showed that the retina appeared normal in both eyes. However, there was a mild narrowing of retinal arteries in the left eye. Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) showed a reduction in retinal sensitivity within the central ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5661126 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:47 +0100 5661126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5661125&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1770l0763r24368k%2F Abstract  Recent successful trials of antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retinopathy implicate this cytokine as a major cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME). The mechanisms which cause VEGF to be over-expressed to cause the vasculopathy are not entirely clear. This review explores the earliest changes to the retina in DR and the factors that predispose or prevent DR, including sleep apnoea, receptor degenerations laser treatment and VEGF polymorphism. The review also presents the evidence that retinal hypoxia, existing in the earliest stages, causes DR. This hypoxia is much increased by dark adaptation, indicating a new and possibly superior therapy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticlePages... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5661125 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:16:47 +0100 5661125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621528&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq786774016h24t37%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10633-012-9311-8Authors Rony R. Sayegh, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAKimberly A. Madsen, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAJason D. Adler, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAMary A. Johnson, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAMichaela K. Mathews, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621528 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:46:44 +0100 5621528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5621527&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F91543258w7rl21k7%2F Abstract  sVEPs are generally used to rapidly obtain visual acuity. Several studies have determined the reliability of acuity measurements with psychophysical techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the intersession and intrasession variabilities of sVEP measurements. Twenty-four normal, adult subjects took part in this project. Stimulus production and data analyses were done using an Enfant 4010. Standard VEP recording techniques were employed. Data were collected on two separate days (at least 1 week apart). At each visit, two complete sets of sVEP data were collected and averaged. A logMAR acuity chart was also used to determine the acuity at each visit. Paired t tests, 95% confidence intervals, intraclass correlation coefficients, and coefficients of repe... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5621527 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:46:44 +0100 5621527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599789&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3110166132715p67%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Letter to the EditorPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10633-012-9310-9Authors Mark W. Kroll, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Box 23, Crystal Bay, MN 55323, USADonald M. Dawes, Department of Emergency Medicine, Lompoc Valley Medical Center, 1515 East Ocean Avenue, Lompoc, CA 93436, USAWilliam G. Heegaard, Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 Park Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599789 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 17:16:14 +0100 5599789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599790&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft173921841413443%2F Conclusions The overall frequency of negative ERGs in this large retrospective review was 4.0%. Negative ERGs were most common among male children and least common among female adults. Despite the growing number of new diagnoses associated with negative ERGs, CSNB, and XLRS appear to be the most likely diagnoses for a pediatric patient who presents with a negative ERG. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9301-2Authors Johnstone M. Kim, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAJohn F. Payne, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAJiong Yan, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAClaire S. Barnes, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599790 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 17:16:13 +0100 5599790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585369&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fal25440701g1w737%2F Abstract  Flash electroretinogram responses were measured in normal subjects to different chromatic combinations of flashes and backgrounds. The amplitudes of the flash response components were measured at different flash strengths and could be described by a generalized Naka-Rushton function. The measurements were repeated at different background luminances to study adaptation effects. It was found that when flash strength and background luminance were expressed in photometric terms (cd s/m² and cd/m², respectively), then the responses were very similar for all chromatic combinations with the exception of the condition in which blue (peak wavelength 458 nm) was flashed upon an orange (peak wavelength 591 nm) background. We propose that in this condition, a ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585369 Sat, 07 Jan 2012 16:56:25 +0100 5585369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562544&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft80646gv8w858286%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the macular function by measuring the focal macular electroretinograms (ERGs) recorded before and after reduced fluence photodynamic therapy (RFPDT) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Eleven eyes of 11 patients with PCV were studied. Their ages ranged from 62 to 85 years with a mean of 74.7 ± 6.9 years. The exposure time for the RFPDT was reduced to 42 s, so that the total energy of the laser was approximately one-half that of the standard PDT. We measured the visual acuity, foveal thickness, and focal macular ERGs before and after the RFPDT. The follow-up period ranged from 13 to 34 months with a mean of 26 months after the treatment. A significant recovery of visi... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562544 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 16:42:33 +0100 5562544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553601&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu0361mrx2j86015v%2F We report the clinical findings and macular function of a patient with Bietti crystalline dystrophy. A 39-year-old woman reported visual loss in both eyes and nyctalopia. A complete ophthalmological evaluation, retromode imaging, SD-OCT acquisition, MP1 microperimetry, and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) were performed. Microcrystalline deposits in the cornea and the retina with retinal pigment epithelial atrophy were observed. Retromode imaging revealed visualization of normal large choroidal vessels, cystoid macular edema, and small defined glistening lesions. SD-OCT showed changes in the outer retina with numerous microcrystalline deposits. Microperimetry showed an absolute scotoma involving the perimacular area but sparing of the fovea. In both eyes, mfERG analysis suggests ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553601 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:52:45 +0100 5553601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5553602&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F10633p8388n8r64q%2F Abstract  We compared the suitability of pentobarbital sodium (PB) and propofol (PF) anesthetics for multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) in rhesus macaques. mfERGs were collected from 4 ocularly normal rhesus macaques. All animals were pre-anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine (10–15 mg/kg). Intravenous PB induction/maintenance levels were 15 mg/kg/2–10 mg/kg and for PF, 2–5 mg/kg/6–24 mg/kg/h. There were 3 testing sessions with PB anesthesia and 5–7 testing sessions with PF anesthesia. All PB sessions were carried out before PF. First-order (K1) and second-order (first slice) kernels (K2.1) response density amplitude (RDA), implicit time (IT), and root mean square signal-to-noise ratios (RMS SNR) of the low-frequency (LFC) and high-f... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5553602 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 16:45:39 +0100 5553602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5545964&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy205u81285m4q7r3%2F This study examined electroretinographic function in healthy subjects before and after prednisolone intake. To separate the effect of prednisolone on the retina from the potentially confounding hyperglycemia-inducing effect of prednisolone, electroretinography was made while fasting and at a pre-specified level of clamped hyperglycemia. The study included 10 eyes in 10 healthy lean men aged 25 ± 3 years (mean ± SD). The subjects were examined before and after oral intake of prednisolone 37.5 mg/day for 9.1 ± 1.4 days. The diabetogenic potential of prednisolone was reinforced by the intake of a high-caloric diet and by the reduction of physical activity. Full-field electroretinography (ffERG) demonstrated no significant change (P &lt... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5545964 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 16:55:10 +0100 5545964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5527548&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5165l73110063172%2F Abstract  To refine methods of electroretinographical (ERG) recording for the analysis of low retinal potentials under scotopic conditions in advanced retinal degenerative diseases. Standard Ganzfeld ERG equipment (Diagnosys LLC, Cambridge, UK) was used in 27 healthy volunteers (mean age 28 ± SD 8.5 years) to define the stimulation protocol. The protocol was then applied in clinical routine and 992 recordings were obtained from patients (mean age 40.6 ± 18.3 years) over a period of 5 years. A blue stimulus with a flicker frequency of 9 Hz was specified under scotopic conditions to preferentially record rod-driven responses. A range of stimulus strengths (0.0000012–6.32 scot. cd s/m² and 6–14 ms flash duration) was... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5527548 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 16:41:49 +0100 5527548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507133&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8054qqxg36417761%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9300-3 Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507133 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:14:25 +0100 5507133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5460173&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm20166851m723078%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to differentiate S-cone responses from other retinal activities using various recording conditions and to optimize these recording conditions for clinical diagnostics. S-cone responses to blue stimuli (449 nm) were studied in 20 healthy subjects and four patients with enhanced S-cone syndrome. The time-integrated luminance of the stimulus varied from 0.008 to 1.0 cd s/m2. Three isoluminant backgrounds were used (100 ph cd/m2 = 40 sc cd/m2): amber (594 nm), green (513 nm), and red (635 nm). With low flash strengths (from 0.008 to 0.032 cd s/m2), the S-cone response appeared as a single positive peak, while with higher strengths (≥0.064 cd s/m2), it appeared as a second peak that fo... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5460173 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 16:48:29 +0100 5460173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411292&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjw3127v31lm45845%2F Abstract  The clinical multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an electrophysiological test of local retinal function. With this technique, many local ERG responses are recorded quasi-simultaneously from the cone-driven retina under light-adapted conditions. This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV: www.iscev.org), replaces the ISCEV guidelines for the mfERG published in 2007. Standards for performance of the basic clinical mfERG test with a stimulus array of 61 or 103 hexagons, as well as for reporting the results, are specified. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ISCEV StandardsPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9296-8Authors Donald C. Hood, Departments of Psychology and Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York,... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411292 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 19:15:38 +0100 5411292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5411293&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh428r2g13357208j%2F Abstract  To report the electrophysiological findings in patients with unilateral optic neuritis (ON), with particular reference to the electroretinogram (ERG). A retrospective analysis of full-field ERG, pattern ERG (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential findings from 46 patients with clinical and electrophysiological findings in keeping with unilateral ON. ISCEV standard ERGs did not significantly differ between the optic neuritis and fellow eyes, nor between patients with and without MS. Differences were present in the N95 component of the PERG, which was significantly lower in the affected eye, and the pattern reversal visual evoked potential, which showed significantly longer peak time (latency) in the affected eye. In addition, there was a significant difference b... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5411293 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 19:15:37 +0100 5411293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390683&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq15k87k56w2h77w5%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to investigate the early alterations of retinal function, assessed with electrophysiology, in newly onset type 2 diabetes patients without vascular retinopathy. Seventeen patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (duration 7 ± 3 months), without any vascular retinopathy in fundus photographs, were examined with full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and multifocal ERG (mfERG). The results were compared with those of age-matched subjects without diabetes. In the dark-adapted full-field ERG, the a-wave and the 30-Hz flicker implicit times were delayed in diabetes patients compared to controls, P = 0.001 and P = 0.020. In the first-order kernel of the mfERG, the first positive wave, P1, was delayed in al... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390683 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:10:08 +0100 5390683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5390684&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw565uv346r8rq168%2F Abstract  To evaluate eyes with abnormal visual fields and multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) but normal-appearing frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) scans, the thicknesses of the outer retinal layers were measured. A total of 25 eyes from 17 patients, including 15 eyes previously tested (Dale et al. in Doc Ophthalmol 120(2):175–186, 2009) were examined. All patients were evaluated with standard automated perimetry (SAP) using the 24-2 and/or 10-2 program (Zeiss Meditec), mfERG with 103 hexagons (Veris, EDI), and fdOCT imaging (3DOCT-2000, Topcon) with scans of the macula. All patients had reliable visual fields showing macular defects and good quality mfERG and fdOCT results. The mfERG results were classified as abnormal based on decreased amplitude... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5390684 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:51:45 +0100 5390684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350238&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq702760717455635%2F This study investigates the changes in response due to the presentation rate of the stimulus. Twenty subjects gave informed consent to take part in the study, which had local regional ethical committee approval. Only a single hexagon of 8° diameter was presented to reduce ambiguity when identifying the higher-order kernels (HOK). Six rates were tested using a 60-Hz CRT monitor by introducing blank (black ~0 cd/m2) filler frames (FF). The rates tested were 0FF; 1FF; 2FF; 4FF; 7FF; and 14FF. The first-order kernel had largest responses to the slower stimuli (4FF and above). HOK had largest amplitudes at faster rates with the second-order kernel peaking at 1FF. At rates with 4FF and slower, the higher-order kernels were indiscernible above the noise. Content Type Journal Artic... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350238 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 15:59:32 +0100 5350238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5350239&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg854653273454376%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AbstractsPages 1-48DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9291-0 Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5350239 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 15:59:31 +0100 5350239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5276340&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7524766p05416628%2F Abstract  The amplitude versus flash strength curve of 15 Hz electroretinograms (ERGs) shows two minima. The minima are caused by interactions between the primary and the secondary rod pathways (first minimum), and the secondary rod pathway and the cone-driven pathway (second minimum). Furthermore, cone pathway contributions cause higher-order harmonics to occur in the responses. We measured 15 Hz ERGs in 20 healthy subjects to determine normal ranges and in patients to verify our hypotheses on the contributions of the different pathways and to investigate the clinical application. We analyzed the amplitudes and phases of the 15, 30, and 45 Hz components in the ERGs. The overall shape of the 15 Hz amplitude curves was similar in all normal subjects and sh... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5276340 Tue, 27 Sep 2011 05:49:27 +0100 5276340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5252341&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0826u127574264v5%2F We present a descriptive model of the contributions of the rod and cone pathways. In clinical application, we would advise using the short flash flicker instead of the square wave flicker, as the responses are of larger amplitude, and cone pathway contributions can be recognized from large higher-order harmonics. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9292-zAuthors Mieke M. C. Bijveld, Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired, PO Box 1300, 3700 BA Zeist, The NetherlandsAstrid M. L. Kappers, Physics of Man, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The NetherlandsFrans C. C. Riemslag, Bartiméus, Institute for the Visually Impaired, PO Box 1300, 3700 BA Zeist, The NetherlandsFrank P. Hoeben,... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5252341 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 15:45:19 +0100 5252341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240703&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl47538r53712527u%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9290-1Authors François Tremblay, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240703 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 13:43:46 +0100 5240703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240702&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv2t3406l5327l232%2F This study examined effects of uncorrected refractive errors (RE) in a short-duration transient visual evoked potential (SD t-VEP) system and investigated their role for objective measurement of RE. Refractive errors were induced by means of trial lenses in 35 emmetropic subjects. A synchronized single-channel EEG was recorded for emmetropia, and each simulated refractive state to generate 21 VEP responses for each subject. P100 amplitude (N75 trough to P100 peak) and latency were identified by an automated post-signal processing algorithm. Induced hypermetropia and myopia correlated strongly with both P100 amplitude and latency. To minimize the effect of baseline shift and waveform fluctuations, a VEP scoring system, based on software-derived P100 latency, amplitude and waveform qua... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240702 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 13:43:46 +0100 5240702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228566&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38735120452768j5%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to report a patient with Oguchi disease whose ophthalmological characteristics were masked by retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The method used in this study was case report. A 53-year-old man had a progressive decrease in his visual acuity and was diagnosed with RP because of night blindness, fundoscopic findings, ring scotoma, and extinguished single-flash electroretinograms (ERGs). However, a faint golden-yellowish reflex of the retina prompted us to make a more detailed examination of the fundus after a long period of dark adaptation, ERGs, and genetic analysis. Examinations showed the Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon, relative intact photopic ERGs, and a SAG mutation, and the patient was diagnosed with RP associated with Oguchi disease. When RP... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228566 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 15:47:11 +0100 5228566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212337&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm23727l343754304%2F Abstract  To describe a non-penetrating TASER gun injury resulting in a small exudative retinal detachment but significant visual acuity and retinal function loss as demonstrated by electroretinography (ERG). A 39-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a TASER barb embedded in his right lower lid. A complete clinical ophthalmologic examination and surgical extrication were performed, as well as radiologic imaging and Ganzfeld electroretinography. No scleral penetration was observed on surgical exploration. Retinal examination showed a peripheral exudative detachment. Subsequent follow-up revealed progressive resolution of the detachment and improvement in visual acuity. The ERG showed a 63–70% decrease in rod a- and b-waves, while isolated cone responses ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212337 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 15:48:53 +0100 5212337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5212338&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9l78760244404558%2F Abstract  The aims of this study were to evaluate and improve the reproducibility of visual evoked potential (VEP) measurement in rats and to develop a mini-Ganzfeld stimulator for rat VEP recording. VEPs of Sprague–Dawley rats were recorded on one randomly selected eye on three separate days within a week, and the recordings were repeated three times on the first day to evaluate the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility. The VEPs were recorded with subdermal needle and implanted skull screw electrodes, respectively, to evaluate the effect of electrode configuration on VEP reproducibility. We also designed a mini-Ganzfeld stimulator for rats, which provided better eye isolation than the conventional visual stimuli such as flash strobes and large Ganz... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5212338 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 16:47:04 +0100 5212338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5148617&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnp00l4wu815ug5j6%2F Abstract  To test whether multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) recording using two perpendicularly placed channels, as previously reported, to measure the degree of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distribution overlap between a signal window and a noise window would efficiently detect and quantify glaucomatous damage. Humphrey visual field (HVF) and mfVEP were recorded from 56 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and mean deviation less than −15 dB and 62 age-matched ophthalmologically normal individuals. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (SNR-AUC) were calculated based on the proportion of mfVEP responses that exceeded a specific SNR criterion for both windows. Abnormal sectors with an SNR deviated from the previously established norm wi... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5148617 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 06:42:16 +0100 5148617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5148618&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy74058q733223666%2F We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient with progressive vision impairment and consecutive visual field narrowing (“tunnel view”) for 7 years and a known retinitis pigmentosa for 5 years. The remaining Goldmann perimetric visual field at time reported was less than 5°. A request for blindness-related social benefits was rejected because an ophthalmologic expert assessment suggested malingering. This prompted us to assess an objective determination of the visual field using multifocal VEPs. Objective visual field recordings were performed with a four-channel multifocal VEP-perimeter using 58 stimulus fields (pattern reversal dartboard stimulus configuration). The correlated signal data were processed using an off-line method. At each field, the recording from ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5148618 Sun, 14 Aug 2011 05:43:39 +0100 5148618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5104238&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8472749rk68h7u63%2F This study reports electroretinogram (ERG) data in a septuagenarian population. Fifty healthy adults without diabetes or dementia aged 70–79 years underwent standardised electrophysiological testing incorporating current ISCEV Standards as baseline assessment for the OPAL (Older People And n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) study. These data were compared with those from 53 healthy adults aged 20–50 years. Amplitudes and peak times of the major components were assessed. There were no significant differences in amplitude or peak time between sexes or between eyes. ERG amplitudes were 25–40% smaller and peak-times were longer in the older compared with the younger age group. In all participants, the bright flash ERG b-wave amplitude had the highest variability;... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5104238 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:33:21 +0100 5104238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5081841&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5547028k3588078%2F The objective of this study is to evaluate the relations among electroretinogram parameters (cone a-wave, cone b-wave, and 30-Hz flicker), retinal thickness, and retinal volume in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema. We prospectively examined 33 patients (33 eyes) with BRVO and macular edema. The amplitude and implicit time of the a-wave cone, b-wave cone, and 30-Hz flicker were calculated automatically from the ERG. Retinal thickness and volume were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in nine macular subfields. Then, correlations between the ERG parameters and morphological parameters were analyzed. The 30-Hz flicker amplitude was significantly smaller in the eyes with BRVO and macular edema than in the unaffected contralateral eyes. Thirt... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5081841 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:07:20 +0100 5081841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058574&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5787rt6334w8837%2F Abstract  A lack of habituation in visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) is the main abnormality observed in migraineurs. However, no study of steady-state VEPs has yet evaluated pattern-reversal stimuli with respect to habituation behavior or spatial frequency. The aim of this study was to clarify habituation behavior in migraineurs between attacks and to establish characteristics of VEPs in these patients. Steady-state VEPs were sequentially recorded as checkerboard patterns in four consecutive blocks from 12 patients with migraine without aura (MO), 12 patients with migraine with aura (MA), and 12 healthy controls (HC) at four spatial frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 cycles per degree (cpd) with a stimulus rate of 7.5 Hz (15 reversal/s). VEP amplitudes were consisten... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058574 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 06:43:09 +0100 5058574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012588&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvn22775lvq105186%2F Abstract  We investigated changes in multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses due to beta-zone parapapillary atrophy (ßPPA). Patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) with or without standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) abnormalities were referred for mfVEP testing during a 2-year period. Eyes with good quality optic disc stereophotographs and reliable SAP results were included. The mfVEP monocular mean latency delays (ms) and amplitudes (SNR) were analyzed. Age, SAP mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and spherical equivalent (SE) were analyzed in the multivariate model. Generalized estimated equations were used for comparisons between groups after adjusting for inter-eye associations. Of 394 eyes of 200 patients, 223 (57%) had ßPPA.... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012588 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 05:45:10 +0100 5012588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971893&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc613j146526151h6%2F Abstract  To assess the clinical features of and identify genetic defects in six Chinese families with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). Patients were recruited from ophthalmic clinics in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. A cohort of six unrelated families was identified. Clinical evaluation was performed on eight affected males (six probands) and five female carriers. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes. All exons and the flanking introns of the RS1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing. One hundred control X chromosomes were screened by direct sequencing to exclude nonpathogenic polymorphisms. Typical foveal schisis was found in all eight patients, while peripheral schisis was noted in six pa... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971893 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 16:13:08 +0100 4971893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4971894&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4044183046021400%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring rod and cone electroretinograms (ERGs) at a single mesopic adaptation level. To accomplish this, a four-primary photostimulator was implemented using a commercially available ERG system (Diagnosys ColorDome) to generate three types of stimuli that temporally modulated rods alone, cones alone, and rods and cones simultaneously. For each stimulus type, ERGs were recorded as a function of temporal frequency (2, 4, 8, or 16 Hz) and mesopic light levels (0.02, 0.16, or 1.26 cd/m2) in normal observers and patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or cone–rod degeneration. The normal observers ERG waveforms showed a clear periodic pattern, mirroring the sinusoidal stimuli. At all light levels... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4971894 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 16:13:07 +0100 4971894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4947836&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd3301775553547h5%2F Abstract  A 62-year-old female patient presented to our clinic complaining of a 2 month history of shimmering photopsias and floaters. An ocular examination, fluorescein angiography, and electrophysiological testing were obtained that suggested either an inflammatory retinal vasculitis or a paraneoplastic syndrome. Melanoma-associated retinopathy was highly suspected despite the absence of previous history for cutaneous melanoma since an electronegative scotopic ERG was recorded on standard flash electroretinography. Additional investigations revealed the presence of a primary breast tumor with secondary lung and pancreatic metastasis that led to the diagnosis of cancer-associated retinopathy. The patient received chemotherapy and 4 months after the initial present... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4947836 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 06:22:36 +0100 4947836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915948&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnj8rl58724714577%2F Abstract  We have previously reported a naturally occurring retinopathy in a population of guinea pigs, where the affected animals presented a defect of the rod-mediated vision. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the mutants were affected with a stationary or degenerative retinopathy and to identify the cellular origin of this unique disorder. Electroretinogram (ERG) [postnatal day 1 (P1) to P450], light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) [P5, P150, P450], and immunohistochemistry [P30, P150, P450] were evaluated from normal and mutant animals. Irrespective of age, the scotopic ERGs of mutants could only be evoked by bright flashes, and the resulting ERGs were of photopic waveform. Interestingly, the amplitude of the cone and the rod/cone a-waves was always of s... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915948 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 15:51:54 +0100 4915948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4915949&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22822278h0714ql7%2F Conclusions  Functional vision loss is a diagnosis of exclusion. In the event of reduced vision in the context of a normal ocular health examination, all other pathology must be ruled out before the diagnosis of functional visual loss is established. Complex visual electrophysiological testing is the preferred tool for objective examination of such disorders. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9275-0Authors Nada Jiraskova, Department of Ophthalmology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicMiroslav Kuba, Department of Pathophysiology, Electrophysiological Lab, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Prague, Czech RepublicJan Kremlacek, Depart... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4915949 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 15:47:33 +0100 4915949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4897306&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq8765562222111l1%2F Abstract  A 34-year-old man presented with reduction and distortion of vision in both the eyes. The best-corrected vision was 20/20 parts, N6 in either eye. The external and slit lamp examination of both the eyes was unremarkable. The fundus examination showed multiple intraretinal crystalline deposits at the posterior pole, extending up to midperiphery, tortuous retinal blood vessels with S-shaped deflections, and absent foveal reflex in both the eyes. There were no corneal crystals, and the color vision was defective in both the eyes. Fundus autofluorescence and fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) were suggestive of geographic areas of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillary (CC) loss. OCT revealed subfoveal neurosensory detachment. Flash ERG and EOG were norm... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4897306 Tue, 24 May 2011 15:46:10 +0100 4897306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4823753&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa62152q83241p113%2F Abstract  We evaluated the full field electroretinogram (ERG) to assess age-related changes in retina function in humans. ERG recordings were performed on healthy subjects with normal fundus appearance, lack of cataract and 20/20 acuity, aged 20–39 years (n = 27; mean age 25 ± 5, standard deviation), 40–59 years (n = 20; mean 53 ± 5), and 60–82 years (n = 18; mean 69 ± 5). Multiple ERG tests were applied, including light and dark-adapted stimulus-response function, dark adaptation and dynamic of recovery from a single bright flash under dark-adapted conditions. Changes in ERG properties were found in the oldest age group when compared with the two younger age groups. (1) The photopic hill effec... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4823753 Wed, 11 May 2011 15:47:58 +0100 4823753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4784558&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3424218255j1w5p6%2F Conclusion  Our case demonstrates that MAR can be associated with an intranasal mucosal melanoma. Thus, in cases where the primary lesion cannot be identified in patients with MAR-like symptoms and signs, we recommend that preferential sites of mucosal melanomas be examined. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9272-3Authors Shigeki Machida, Department of Ophthalmology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, JapanHiroshi Ohguro, Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1 West-16 Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, JapanMasaru Tateda, Department of Otolaryngology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, JapanHiroa... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4784558 Mon, 02 May 2011 14:59:36 +0100 4784558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4769071&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6ln41146n3774464%2F Abstract  High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides non-invasive images of retinal anatomy, physiology, and function with depth-resolved laminar resolution. Eye movement and drift, however, could limit high spatial resolution imaging, and anesthetics that minimize eye movement could significantly attenuate retinal function. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal anesthetic preparations to minimize eye movement and maximize visual-evoked retinal response in rats. Eye movements were examined by imaging of the cornea with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera under isoflurane, urethane, ketamine/xylazine, and propofol anesthesia at typical dosages in rats. Combination of the paralytic pancuronium bromide with isoflurane or ketamine/xylazine anesthesia... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4769071 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 16:43:34 +0100 4769071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4694320&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2xx7011jk1x68328%2F Abstract  There are several electrophysiological systems available commercially. Usually, control groups are required to compare their results, due to the differences between display types. Our aim was to examine the differences between CRT and LCD/TFT stimulators used in pattern VEP responses performed according to the ISCEV standards. We also aimed to check different contrast values toward thresholds. In order to obtain more precise results, we intended to measure the intensity and temporal response characteristics of the monitors with photometric methods. To record VEP signals, a Roland RetiPort electrophysiological system was used. The pattern VEP tests were carried out according to ISCEV protocols on a CRT and a TFT monitor consecutively. Achromatic checkerboard patter... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4694320 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 17:09:29 +0100 4694320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688570&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh48133j4145483t2%2F Abstract  The electroretinogram is a widely used objective measure of visual function. The best characterised feature of the full-field dark-adapted flash ERG, is the earliest corneal negativity, the a-wave, which primarily reflects photoreceptoral responses. However, recent studies in humans and primates show that there are post-receptoral contributions to the a-wave. It is not clear if such contributions exist in the rat a-wave. We consider this issue in the rat a-wave, using intravitreal application of pharmacological agents that isolate post-receptoral ON-pathways and OFF-pathways. In anaesthetised adult long Evans rats, we show that the ON-pathway (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, APB sensitive) makes negligible contribution to the a-wave. In contrast, CNQX (6-cyano-7-... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688570 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 10:01:34 +0100 4688570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4678683&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg8026451600167u6%2F Abstract  Color vision was examined by psychophysical tests and photopic color full-field electroretinography (ERG) in formerly preterm children, and compared with those of full-term children. In a prospective case–control study, 25 patients with a history of preterm birth 7–14 years of age were divided into three groups: group I, laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity [ROP] (n = 7); group II, spontaneously regressed ROP (n = 8); group III, no ROP (n = 10). Age-matched full-term born children comprised the control group (n = 8). Color vision was assessed by Fansworth D15 and Lanthony desaturated D15 tests. The cone function was tested using photopic full-field ERG. Besides the ISCEV standard stimuli, blue light on amber backgr... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4678683 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:44:07 +0100 4678683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4646981&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F40n657458u3020p0%2F This study aimed to investigate the within-participant variability over time of both amplitude and peak latency measures of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (pVEPs). As a large number of factors are known to contribute to the variability of the pVEPs (such as fixation instability and drowsiness), testing was conducted in controlled conditions with two co-operative participants. PVEPs were recorded during 24 sessions, over an eight-week period using the same equipment and recording settings. The participants viewed a plasma monitor binocularly from a distance of 1 meter. High contrast (97%), black and white checks of side subtense 50′, 25′, and 12.5′ pattern reversed 3/s in a 28 degree test field. The different sized checks were presented in a pseudo-random order. Three... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4646981 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:45:41 +0100 4646981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4618184&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F458828785222q81u%2F Abstract  Posterior Microphthalmos Pigmentary Retinopathy Syndrome (PMPRS). Posterior microphthalmos (PM) is a relatively infrequent type of microphthalmos where posterior segment is predominantly affected with normal anterior segment measurements. Herein, we report two siblings with posterior microphthalmos retinopathy syndrome with postulated autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A 13-year-old child had PM and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and his 7-year-old sister had PM, RP, and foveoschisis. The genetics of this syndrome and variable phenotype is discussed. Importance of being aware of posterior microphthalmos and its posterior segment associations is highlighted. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s10633-011-9266-1Authors Niranjan Pehere, Jasti V Ra... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4618184 Fri, 18 Mar 2011 01:55:02 +0100 4618184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4607633&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcj61821j2757821g%2F Abstract  The aim was to present cortical potentials after intraoperative electrical epidural stimulation of the optic nerve (ON) in individuals with normal preoperative vision. Optic nerve potentials after flash and electrical stimulation were additionally recorded. Contact electrodes on ON and occiput were used for monopolar recording of optic nerve potentials and cortical potentials, respectively. Epidural stimulating electrodes on ON were used to deliver a rectangular current pulse (intensity 0.2–5.0 mA; duration 0.1–0.3 ms; rate 2 Hz), and LED flash goggles were used for flash stimulation. Optic nerve potentials after flash stimulation predominantly consisted of a positive deflection with a latency around 40 ms, followed by a longer-lasting negat... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4607633 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 17:31:58 +0100 4607633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4562780&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp1m1202331220jvg%2F Abstract  Transient chromatic pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been found to be less repeatable in morphology in children than in adults at low to moderate chromatic contrasts. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether low repeatability of VEP components can be associated with high alpha power, in a comparison of alpha activity in children and adults. Transient chromatic contrast and achromatic resolution VEPs were recorded in children (n = 14, mean 9.6 years) and adults (n = 12, mean 21.8 years) with normal vision and assessed for repeatability. Isoluminant chromatic (magenta-cyan) and luminance-modulated achromatic grating stimuli were presented at and above psychophysical threshold levels, in pattern onset–offset at 2&n... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4562780 Thu, 03 Mar 2011 07:23:37 +0100 4562780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4509024&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr41241731t7h5880%2F Abstract  The intent of our study was to evaluate whether the response to a long-duration white stimulus in the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is sufficiently sensitive to detect early retinal dysfunction in glaucoma. On–off mfERGs were recorded from 15 NTG and 15 HTG patients and compared with 14 control subjects. Recording parameters were the following: LED stimulus screen (RETIscan™), 100-ms stimulus duration, 200-ms stimulus interval, 11-min total recording time, stimulus matrix of 61 elements, frame rate: 70 Hz, Lmax: 180 cd/m2, Lmin: 0 cd/m2, and filter setting: 1–200 Hz. The second negative response following stimulus onset (N2-on), as well as following stimulus offset (N2-off), was analyzed as an overall response and in quadrants, as w... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4509024 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 16:57:46 +0100 4509024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440007&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0235277159xr8432%2F Abstract  The clinical electro-oculogram (EOG) is an electrophysiological test of function of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in which changes in electrical potential across the RPE are recorded during successive periods of dark and light adaptation. This document presents the 2010 EOG Standard from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV: www.iscev.org). This revision has been reorganized and updated, but without changes to the testing protocol from the previous version published in 2006. It describes methods for recording the EOG in clinical applications and gives detailed guidance on technical requirements, practical issues, and reporting of results. It is intended to promote consistent quality of testing and reporti... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440007 Fri, 04 Feb 2011 17:36:07 +0100 4440007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4440008&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn636n1376r2761x2%2F Abstract  The effects of chloroquine intake on the retinal function in a Brazilian population of patients were assessed by multifocal electroretinography. Twenty-four randomly chosen eyes of patients treated with chloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were examined using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Control measurements were acquired from 21 randomly chosen eyes of age-matched healthy subjects. None of the study participants had an inherited retinal disease or a Snellen visual acuity reduced to less than 20/40. In patients and control subjects, cumulative chloroquine dose, total daily dose, duration of treatment, retinal examination, visual field defects, visual acuity, and the mfERG were assessed. The average amplitudes and implici... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4440008 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 20:58:39 +0100 4440008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4430408&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy488r45166263mt0%2F Abstract  Steady-state VEPs to full-field flicker (FFF) using sinusoidally modulated light were compared with those elicited by square-wave modulated light across a wide range of stimulus frequencies with monocular and binocular FFF stimulation. Binocular and monocular VEPs were elicited in 12 adult volunteers to FFF with two modes of temporal modulation: sinusoidal or square-wave (abrupt onset and offset, 50% duty cycle) at ten temporal frequencies ranging from 2.83 to 58.8 Hz. All stimuli had a mean luminance of 100 cd/m2 with an 80% modulation depth (20–180 cd/m2). Response magnitudes at the stimulus frequency (F1) and at the double and triple harmonics (F2 and F3) were compared. For both sinusoidal and square-wave flicker, the FFF-VEP magnitudes at F1 we... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4430408 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:33:13 +0100 4430408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4430409&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7256917h346168l7%2F Abstract  To assess the inter-session repeatability of the Goldmann-Weekers adaptometer for the measurement of cone dark adaptation in a population of healthy subjects. Data were obtained from 31 healthy adults (mean age 21.5 ± 2.5) on 2 days. At each visit, pupils were dilated and a 96% bleach of cone photopigment was administered to the test eye before threshold was monitored continuously for 5 min in the dark using the Goldmann-Weekers adaptometer. A single exponential function was fitted to the threshold recovery data on a least squares basis. The coefficient of repeatability (CoR) was calculated to assess the repeatability of the time constant of recovery (τ), initial threshold and final threshold. Cone dark adaptation functions were successfully ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4430409 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:33:11 +0100 4430409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4412776&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F24537347265k0650%2F We examined 19 healthy subjects, 27 patients with glaucomatous optic disc atrophy and 7 ocular hypertensive patients. The amplitudes and implicit times of the on and off responses of the human ERG depended on flash luminance. Comparing patients with glaucoma and healthy subjects for the 60 cd/m² flash, there was a significant change in the PhNRs (at onset: P < 0.01, at offset: P < 0.001) of the d-wave and of the i-wave at offset (P < 0.01). No significant difference was found for peak times of the fullfield ERG and for a- and b-wave amplitudes. PhNR amplitudes were significantly correlated with mean thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer as measured with OCT. In comparison with the normal photopic long-flash ERG, glaucoma patients showed ch... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4412776 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 23:21:33 +0100 4412776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4379504&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F30x3360137846u5v%2F This study has demonstrated for the first time that the Naka–Rushton model provides a useful means of quantifying the intensity–response relationship of the PhNR. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9257-7Authors A. M. Binns, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4LU UKK. E. Mortlock, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4LU UKR. V. North, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4LU UK Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4379504 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:16:03 +0100 4379504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229561&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft86kuuq54pq64m8j%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9255-9Authors Enid Chelva, ISCEV 2010, Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229561 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:10:15 +0100 4229561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229562&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2g2715522641mr8%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9254-x Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229562 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:10:14 +0100 4229562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4187732&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh034m2377870h770%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to establish optimal conditions for recording multifocal visual evoked potentials (mVEPs) in Japanese individuals, whose skull frame presumably differs from Caucasians. The scalp point that was extended from the calcarine fissure was identified using magnetic resonance imaging scans of 200 subjects. MVEPs were recorded from 56 individuals using three single channels and combinations of vertical and horizontal channels. Five electrodes were placed at the inion, 4 cm above the inion, 2.5 cm below the inion, 4 cm to the left or 4 cm to the right of the inion. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained by measuring the root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude of a signal window (45–150 ms) from each of 60-local respons... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4187732 Wed, 17 Nov 2010 21:04:49 +0100 4187732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4136782&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc11u3059t54256j2%2F Abstract  Our study aimed to find out the association between full-field pattern reversal visual evoked potential (pVEP) transoccipital asymmetries and half-field pVEP transoccipital distributions in children. Over a six-month period, 46 patients (mean age: 9 years 9 months) had both monocular full-field and half-field pVEPs to test checks subtending 50 min of arc in a 35 degree full-field and 0–17.5 degree lateral half-field. Silver–silver chloride electrodes placed at Oz, O1 and O2 were referred to Fz. Monocular full-field data were categorised according to the degree of transoccipital asymmetry. Half-field data were measured and summated to see whether they explained any full-field asymmetry. In this cohort of 46 patients, eight (17%) patients had symm... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4136782 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:21:30 +0100 4136782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4136781&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv27455366046l152%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to determine whether recovery of scotopic sensitivity occurs in human ROP, as it does in the rat models of ROP. Following a cross-sectional design, scotopic electroretinographic (ERG) responses to full-field stimuli were recorded from 85 subjects with a history of preterm birth. In 39 of these subjects, dark adapted visual threshold was also measured. Subjects were tested post-term as infants (median age 2.5 months) or at older ages (median age 10.5 years) and stratified by severity of ROP: severe, mild, or none. Rod photoreceptor sensitivity, S ROD, was derived from the a-wave, and post-receptor sensitivity, log σ, was calculated from the b-wave stimulus–response function. Dark adapted visual threshold was measured using... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4136781 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:21:30 +0100 4136781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4092042&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4586835558422072%2F Abstract  Although biomedical statistics is part of any scientific curriculum, a review of the current scientific literature indicates that statistical data analysis is an area that frequently needs improvement. To address this, we here cover some of the most common problems in statistical analysis, with an emphasis on an intuitive, tutorial approach rather than a rigorous, proof-based one. The topics covered in this manuscript are whether to enter eyes or patients into the analysis, issues related to multiple testing, pitfalls surrounding the correlation coefficient (causation, insensitivity to patterns, range confounding, unsuitability for method comparisons), and when to use standard deviation (SD) versus standard error of the mean (SEM) “antennas” on graphs. Con... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4092042 Fri, 22 Oct 2010 18:27:01 +0100 4092042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4007764&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8712788800237726%2F Abstract  To investigate the retinal development in healthy preterm infants through standard ganzfeld electroretinograms (ERG) and compare the difference of ERG between the healthy preterm and term infants. Forty-nine 49 healthy infants were recruited to this study, including 20 preterm and 29 term infants. All the infants were grouped as follows: term 40 W group (ERG recorded at birth), term 44 W group (ERG recorded at 4 weeks after birth), preterm 35 W group (ERG recorded at birth) and preterm 40 W group (ERG recorded at due date). Standard ganzfeld flash ERG was performed according to the ISCEV standard for the clinical electroretinogram (2008). The ERG amplitudes in the term 44 W group were notably larger than those of the term 40 W gro... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4007764 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 16:50:09 +0100 4007764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3978838&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj33p24287271x242%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical dorzolamide 2% eye drops on macular function and thickness in a case of enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS). A 24-year-old Asian man with enhanced S-cone syndrome treated with topical dorzolamide in the left eye participated in the study. Examinations performed before and during treatment were included visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity measured with briefly presented grating targets (grating CS) and the Pelli-Robson chart (P-R CS), microperimetry (MP), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Following 4 months of treatment, the mean thickness of the central 1-mm foveal subfield of the left eye, as measured by SD-OCT, decreased from 551 to 242 μm. Mean MP sensitivity ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3978838 Tue, 14 Sep 2010 18:09:37 +0100 3978838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3948871&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq61j356710252755%2F Abstract  To investigate the effect of pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm on multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses and to compare these responses with visual field defects seen on static automated perimetry (SAP). Eight eyes of four subjects (median age, 41.50 years; interquartile range, 33–51 years) who were diagnosed with pituitary adenoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and seen to have a bitemporal visual field defect on standard automated perimetry (SAP), and twelve age-matched normal subjects (median age, 47.00 years; interquartile range, 34.75–51.75 years) were subjected to multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) testing. The monocular latencies and monocular amplitudes of each sector of cases were compared wi... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3948871 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 06:32:07 +0100 3948871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3912516&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft7286n34q7762217%2F Abstract  A 19-year-old woman presented with subacute encephalopathy and subsequently developed hearing loss and occlusions of branches of the central retinal artery. The triad of microangiopathy of the brain, retina and cochlea is typical for Susac syndrome. The etiology of this syndrome is still unknown, but the prognosis is good in most cases. Spontaneous resolution usually occurs, but early treatment minimizes the risk of sequelae. Multifocal ERG may be useful to assess subclinical retinal dysfunction after recovery of subjective symptoms of BRAO in Susac syndrome. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9244-zAuthors Marianne van Winden, Departement Oogheelkunde, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette, BelgiumPaul Salu... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3912516 Thu, 26 Aug 2010 08:11:02 +0100 3912516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3905607&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu024l36077147200%2F Abstract  This pilot study examined the diagnostic role of multifocal visually evoked potentials (mfVEP) in a small number of patients with diabetes. mfVEP, mfERG, and fundus photographs of both eyes of five patients with diabetes, three with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and two without NPDR were examined. Thirteen control subjects were also examined. Eighteen zones were constructed from the 60-element mfVEP stimulus array. mfVEP implicit time (IT) and amplitude (SNR) differences were tested between subject groups. We also examined whether there was a difference in function for patches with and without retinopathy in the NPDR group. Lastly, we compared mfVEP and mfERG results in the same patients. We found significant mfVEP IT differences between controls an... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3905607 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 17:08:12 +0100 3905607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3874559&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnh80145g15561830%2F Abstract  In response to progressively stronger flashes delivered against a rod saturating background light, the amplitude of the photopic ERG b-wave first increases, reaches a maximal value (V max) and then decreases gradually to a plateau where the amplitude of the b-wave equals that of the a-wave, a phenomenon known as the photopic hill (PH). The purpose of this study was to investigate how the PH grew during the course of the light adaptation (LA) process that follows a period of dark adaptation (DA): the so-called light adaptation effect (LAE). Photopic ERG (time-integrated) luminance-response (LR) functions were obtained prior to (control-fully light adapted) and at 0, 5 and 10 min of LA following a 30-min period of DA. A mathematical model combining a Gaussian a... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3874559 Sat, 14 Aug 2010 16:44:38 +0100 3874559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3866281&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F738h783350551rk2%2F Abstract  We investigated the possibility of performing electroretinography (ERG) in non-pharmacologically dilated eyes using brighter flash (time-integrated) luminance. Photopic (N = 26; background 25.5 cd·m−2, white LED flashes) and scotopic ERG (N = 23, green LED flashes) luminance response functions were obtained simultaneously in a dilated (DE) and non-dilated eye (NDE). In the NDE, photopic V max b-wave amplitude was reduced by 14% (P < 0.0001), implicit time prolonged (P < 0.0001), and retinal sensitivity (log K) decreased by 0.38 log units (P < 0.0001) with no effect on a-wave. Using a xenon strobe light (N = 6) to increase flash luminance, V max remained lower by about 12% in the NDE (P&nbsp... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3866281 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 19:36:41 +0100 3866281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3806941&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkt7185214h228772%2F Abstract  To investigate pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) in asymptomatic maternally and non-maternally related members from a large Brazilian 11778/ND4 LHON pedigree. Transient PRVEP for check sizes 15′ and 60′ were recorded from asymptomatic mutation carriers and non-mutant descendants of affected/non-affected males, all with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20. A control group of spouses (off-pedigree) was also included. Parameters of N75, P100 and N135 latencies (ms) and N75-P100 peak-to-peak amplitude (μV) as well as temporal dispersion (latency of N135-latency of N75) were determined. Longitudinal testing was obtained in a subseries of carriers in three annual consecutive visits. We tested 48 asymptomatic mutation carriers, 19 descendants of af... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3806941 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:00:14 +0100 3806941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3800736&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr3x26171754n6110%2F This study characterizes differences in human ERGs based on ocular pigmentation. Light- and dark-adapted luminance-response (LR) series for a-, b- and i-waves and light-adapted oscillatory potentials (OPs) were recorded in 14 healthy volunteers (7 blue-eyed Caucasians; 7 brown-eyed Asians, aged 20–22 years). Amplitude interpolations were by logistic growth (Naka-Rushton), Gaussian or the combined ‘photopic hill’ functions. Implicit times (IT) for dark-adapted a- and b-waves, and for light-adapted a-, b- and i-waves were earlier in the blue-eyed group than in the brown-eyed group across all flash strengths (P < 0.05). For dark-adapted ERGs, saturated a-wave amplitude was larger for blue eyes (397 vs. 318 μV, P < 0.05) as was the a-wave to ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3800736 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 20:23:36 +0100 3800736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3735487&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp6kv35w429662w26%2F This study has two principal aims: first to determine the most reliable technique for assessing the PhNR amplitude; secondly to compare the repeatability characteristics of the PhNR recorded using DTL and skin active electrodes. Electroretinograms were recorded in 31 subjects, using both electrode types, in response to a Ganzfeld red stimulus (Lee filter “bright red”; 1.76 log phot td.s; 4 Hz) presented over a steady blue background (Schott glass filter BG28; 3.9 log scot td). Sixteen subjects returned to assess repeatability. PhNR amplitude was measured from b-wave peak-to-PhNR trough, pre-stimulus baseline to trough, and from peak and baseline to a fixed time-point; a ratio of b-wave/PhNR amplitude was also calculated. Coefficients of variation (CoV), and inter-ocular and ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3735487 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 17:01:49 +0100 3735487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3678017&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy0210087th2u400m%2F Abstract  The aim is to characterise a case of acute idiopathic maculopathy (AIM) using detailed electrophysiology and 2-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. A 32-year-old woman presented with reduced visual acuity in her right eye. Imaging investigations performed included 1 & 2 wavelength FAF, fluorescein and ICG angiography and Fourier domain OCT imaging. International-standard pattern and full-field electroretinography (PERG; ERG), electro-oculography (EOG) and multifocal ERG testing were performed. Multifocal ERGs demonstrated evidence of localised macular dysfunction consistent with mild right pattern ERG P50 reduction. Full-field ERGs were within normal limits. The EOG was normal bilaterally. The use of 1 & 2 wavelength FAF imaging revealed a low density... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3678017 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 10:35:34 +0100 3678017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3669098&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F00581688t5p76311%2F Abstract  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Patients with AD frequently complain of vision disturbances that do not manifest as changes in routine ophthalmological examination findings. The main causes of these disturbances are neuropathological changes in the visual cortex, although abnormalities in the retina and optic nerve cannot be excluded. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) tests are commonly used in ophthalmology to estimate bioelectrical function of the retina and optic nerve. The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal and optic nerve function, measured by PERG and PVEP tests, is changed in individuals in the early stages of AD with normal routine ophthalmologic... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3669098 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 14:16:19 +0100 3669098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3654419&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd35ruj67t2u38128%2F Abstract  A common method to induce optical defocus is by means of positive lenses. However, accommodation, pupil size, and depth of focus are important factors determining the amount of defocus achieved. We therefore studied the effect of accommodation on visual acuity with a natural pupil (miosis) and in cycloplegic mydriasis. Additionally, we looked at the amount of accommodation and pupil size fluctuation during the recording of a mfVEP. We found that the amount of defocus induced with lenses of positive power is limited in non-mydriatic experiments by accommodation and actual pupil size and may show marked variation during mfVEP recording. We therefore recommend using a mydriatic drug and, if required, an artificial pupil for defocus experiments. Content Type Journ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3654419 Thu, 10 Jun 2010 17:39:21 +0100 3654419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3654420&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flx16j5r59876g7g3%2F Abstract  To report a case of a macular vitelliform lesion associated with desferrioxamine treatment. Ocular, electrophysiological, psychophysical, perimetric, fluorescein angiographic, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain OCT examinations were obtained on a 45-year-old Caucasian woman with thalassemia major treated with blood transfusions and desferrioxamine. The patient was observed to have a vitelliform macular lesion in the right eye with a hypopigmented macular lesion and retinal pigment mottling in the left. At the most recent follow-up visit, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/70 in the right eye and 20/25 in left. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) testing showed normal cone and rod responses. Mild localized elevations of rod psychophysical thresholds were ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3654420 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 09:10:14 +0100 3654420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3642879&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb51u22704t232475%2F Abstract  The aim of our study was to verify reported visual dysfunctions of patients with Alzheimer disease with the use of several variants of VEPs and visual ERPs and to learn whether these methods can be useful in diagnostics of AD. We tested 15 patients (6 women and 9 men, aged from 58 to 87) with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (12–23 points of Mini Mental State Examination) and 15 age, gender and education level matched controls. The examination consisted of VEPs to pattern-reversal and motion-onset stimulation (to translational and radial movement) and of visual ERPs recorded during an odd-ball test. The subjects were instructed to signalize target stimuli by pressing of a button, which enabled to evaluate also the reaction time. While pattern-reversal VEPs wer... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3642879 Thu, 03 Jun 2010 16:47:25 +0100 3642879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611354&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy41644079p131115%2F Abstract  Electrophysiological testing of the visual system requires familiarity with photometry. This technical note outlines the concepts of photometry with a focus on information relevant to clinical ERG and VEP testing. Topics include photometric quantities, consideration of pupil size, specification of brief extended flash stimuli, and the influence of the spectral composition of visual stimuli. Standard units and terms are explained in the context of the ISCEV standards and guidelines for clinical electrophysiology of vision. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory TECHNICAL NOTEDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9233-2Authors Daphne L. McCulloch, Glasgow Caledonian University Vision Sciences Cowcaddens Road Glasgow G4 0BA UKRuth Hamilton, Royal Hospital for Sick Children & Uni... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611354 Tue, 25 May 2010 16:49:38 +0100 3611354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3601545&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F574x858571658777%2F Abstract  A paradigm is introduced that allows for simultaneous recording of the pattern-onset multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) to both short-wavelength (SW) and achromatic (A) stimuli. There were 5 sets of stimulus conditions, each of which is defined by two semi-concurrently presented stimuli, A64/SW (a 64% contrast achromatic stimulus and a short-wavelength stimulus), A64/A8 (64% achromatic/8% achromatic), A0/A8 (0% (gray) achromatic/8% achromatic), A64/A0 and A0/SW. When paired with A64 as part of A64/SW, the SW stimulus yielded mfVEP responses (SWmfVEP) with diminished amplitude in the fovea, consistent with the known sensitivity of the S-cone system. In addition, when A8, which is approximately equal to the L and M cone contribution of the SW stimulus, was ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3601545 Mon, 24 May 2010 16:26:07 +0100 3601545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3579609&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F663655644717g227%2F Summary  Two cases are reported, and one case is cited from the literature, constituting a clinico-pathologic syndrome in which pedunculated nodules occur in a sector of the iris associated with focal ectropion uveae, ectopic Descemet’s membrane and glaucoma. All three patients were adult women and the stated history indicated recent origin of symptoms. The nodules were interpreted clinically as melanomas, but were more consistent pathologically with unusual nevi. Some of the findings suggested a congenital basis for the abnormalities while the overall appearance suggested a similarity to the nodules described with neurofibromatosis, but in the present patients there was no other evidence to support such an association. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/BF031866... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3579609 Tue, 18 May 2010 08:25:50 +0100 3579609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3540612&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc071ku33l6652371%2F Conclusions  The normal cone function contrasts with the significant abnormalities in rod function that were found previously in these same patients. Possibly, cholesterol supplementation has a greater protective effect on cones than on rods as has been demonstrated in the rat model of SLOS. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original research articleDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9232-3Authors Deirdre Garry, Children’s Hospital Boston & Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USARonald M. Hansen, Children’s Hospital Boston & Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USAAnne Moskowitz, Children’s Hospital Boston & Harvard Medical School Department of Ophthalmology 300 Longwood... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3540612 Tue, 04 May 2010 08:13:04 +0100 3540612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3513451&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fer576t6vh5u17573%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between elevations of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in non-human primates. Experimental glaucoma was induced in 4 rhesus and 4 cynomolgus monkeys by laser trabecular meshwork destruction (LTD) in one eye. To evaluate the contribution of ganglion cells to mfERG changes, one monkey of each species had previously underwent unilateral optic nerve transection (ONT). After ≥44 weeks of elevation, the IOP was reduced by trabeculectomy in 2 non-transected animals. In the intact (non-transected) animals, there was an increase in the amplitude of the early mfERG waveforms (N1 and P1) of the first-order kernel (K1) throughout the period of IOP elevation in all of the r... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3513451 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 06:57:31 +0100 3513451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3481880&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq612467716320380%2F Abstract  A 40-year-old Caucasian female was first seen 20 years ago for a routine ocular screening in relation to hydroxychloroquine treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus. Her daily dose was 600 mg (or 12 mg/kg of body weight/day) of hydroxychloroquine. Three years later, she complained of mild visual loss in the right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9 in the right (RE) and 1.0 in the left eye (LE). In addition, she had a central scotoma (RE > LE) on automated visual field analysis (Humphrey central 30°). On fundoscopy and fluorescein angiography, the first signs of a bilateral bull’s eye maculopathy were detected. A decreased Arden ratio on EOG (<1.50) was found with an accompanying decreased amplitude of the scotopic b-wave on full... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3481880 Thu, 15 Apr 2010 16:51:12 +0100 3481880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431287&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnp13421q8k22844j%2F Abstract  The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is an ocular interaction in the flicker ERG responses reflecting luminance and cone opponency in normal human subjects. Flicker ERGs were recorded from one dilated eye of 10 healthy volunteers. Each subject was tested twice: once with and once without occluding the opposite eye. Red and green LEDs were modulated in counterphase in a Ganzfeld stimulator. ERG responses were recorded for different ratios of the modulation in the red and green LEDs and at 12 and 36 Hz. The amplitudes and phases of the fundamental components were compared between the conditions with and without occlusion. The 12-Hz flicker ERGs reflected activity of the cone opponent channel, whereas the 36-Hz data reflected luminance activity.... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431287 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 17:01:26 +0100 3431287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3412148&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp402m34266174317%2F Abstract  It is known that retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) alters the activation of rod photoreceptors, but the effect of ROP on deactivation has not been investigated. We studied deactivation using an electroretinographic (ERG) paired flash procedure in 22 subjects (12 infants and 10 older subjects) with a history of preterm birth and ROP. The amplitude of the rod-isolated a-wave response to a flash presented 2–120 s after a test flash was measured, and the time at which it reached 50% of the single flash amplitude (t 50) was determined by linear interpolation. Deactivation results were compared to those in former preterms who never had ROP (n = 6) and term-born controls. In infants, t 50 values of ROP subjects did not differ from those in subjects who n... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3412148 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 19:20:16 +0100 3412148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406397&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn826370076188201%2F Abstract  The purpose of the study is (1) to demonstrate the anatomical variation of cone photoreceptor density across normal retina as a sectoral amplitude asymmetry of photopic multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and (2) to study the potential presence of sequential or differential, functional cone photoreceptor damage in glaucoma using this amplitude asymmetry. A 37-Block scaled mfERG was recorded from 22 controls and 27 glaucoma subjects. The N1 and P1 amplitudes of averaged responses from corresponding zones nasal and temporal to fovea were analyzed for asymmetry in controls and glaucoma subjects. Amplitude asymmetry was demonstrable for both N1 (p < 0.001) and P1 (p < 0.001) parameters in control subjects. Although this amplitude asymmetry wa... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406397 Wed, 24 Mar 2010 17:56:59 +0100 3406397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3372227&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu1m324v735725203%2F Abstract  With an ageing population, the number of age-related macular disease (ARMD) cases will inevitably rise. This gives greater impetus for the need to identify the disease earlier and assess treatments to slow disease progression. Differing electroretinogram (ERG) modalities have been reviewed in relation to the objective assessment of retinal function in ARMD and for monitoring the effectiveness of clinical interventions. Conflicting results have been found with regard to the efficacy of ERG findings in the investigation of ARMD in previous years. The newer multifocal ERG paradigm provides spatial topographical information about retinal function in ARMD. It has shown promising results in monitoring effectiveness of clinical interventions and studies are continuing in... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3372227 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:56:38 +0100 3372227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3356592&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0uj0366057j48062%2F Abstract  Colobomas are the major ophthalmic manifestation of CHARGE syndrome. Ophthalmological advice may be sought for an infant diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome presenting with coloboma, and electrophysiology can be particularly useful in assessing retinal and cortical function at an early age. Here we describe electrophysiology findings in a four-week-old infant born with bilateral coloboma, more extensive in the right eye, as part of CHARGE syndrome. The left eye showed robust ERGs indicating near-normal rod and cone function. The right eye ERG amplitudes were relatively reduced being around one half to two-thirds that of the left eye ERGs. Flash VEPs were present from both left and right eyes, but the right eye VEP was smaller and delayed relative to that of the left ey... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3356592 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 15:32:34 +0100 3356592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3270586&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7w7q8358v7r89704%2F Abstract  The light/dark cycle is the most important circadian clock synchronizer for mammals and humans. Circadian rhythms of dopamine and melatonin production in the retina have been reported to follow the light and dark cycle, but their impact on rod and cone functioning is not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess diurnal variations (morning vs. evening) in retinal function as measured with the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram (ERG). We also tried to correlate our results with the presence or absence of melatonin secretion in the saliva. Photopic and scotopic luminance–response functions were obtained in 29 participants at 11:00 (when melatonin should not be present) and 23:00 (when melatonin should be present). From the luminance–response function, ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3270586 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 11:49:30 +0100 3270586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264941&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F993380l07vhkj380%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of pupil size and optical blur on measurements obtained with isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP). Two stimulus conditions of icVEP, +15 and −15% contrasts, were studied in normal subjects with normal (N), miotic (M), and dilated (D) pupils. The effects of optical blur were studied in subjects with normal pupil. Response to visual stimuli was quantified by a signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. In 30 normal subjects, the mean age was 26.0 ± 3.4 years. Mean pupil diameters were N = 4.2 ± 0.6 mm, M = 2.7 ± 0.6 mm, and D = 7.3 ± 0.9 mm. For both +15 and −15% contrast levels, mean SNR values were reduced for dilated a... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264941 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 17:45:26 +0100 3264941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3264942&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F88x73n60677670q3%2F Abstract  To evaluate the effects of induced hypercapnia on the electroretinogram (ERG) in beagle dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane. Binocular, full-field flash photopic and scotopic ERGs were obtained from six healthy neutered female beagle dogs. In order to determine Vmax and the photopic negative response (PhNR), photopic ERG luminance–response curves were generated with 17 different light stimuli. Photopic flicker ERGs were obtained at 30-Hz temporal frequency. Scotopic ERGs were recorded after 35 min of dark adaptation. For all animals, this procedure was performed once in four different sessions: isoflurane + end-tidal [CO2] at 35 mmHg ± 3 mmHg (ISON), isoflurane + end-tidal [CO2] at 65 mmHg ±&... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3264942 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 17:45:25 +0100 3264942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3256938&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fav0x160226853266%2F Abstract  We aimed at investigating the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection by evaluation of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients with diabetes were treated with 2.5 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab injection as the primary therapy for CSME. The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, fundus fluorescein angiography, and P50 amplitudes of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) before and after intravitreal injection. Mean visual acuity improved significantly from a mean LogMAR value of 1.1 ± 0.2 at baseline to a maximum of 0.7 ± 0.3 after a mean follow-up time of 6.4 months. The mean baseline P50 and N95 amplitudes of PERG ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3256938 Sat, 06 Feb 2010 18:03:01 +0100 3256938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224188&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm50g28115172j516%2F Abstract  To evaluate the within-session and inter-session repeatability of a new, short-duration transient visual evoked potential (SD-tVEP) device on normal individuals, we tested 30 normal subjects (20/20 visual acuity, normal 24-2 SITA Standard VF) with SD-tVEP. Ten of these subjects had their tests repeated within 1–2 months from the initial visit. Synchronized single-channel EEG was recorded using a modified Diopsys Enfant™ System (Diopsys, Inc., Pine Brook, New Jersey, USA). A checkerboard stimulus was modulated at two reversals per second. Two different contrasts of checkerboard reversal patterns were used: 85% Michelson contrast with a mean luminance of 66.25 cd/m2 and 10% Michelson contrast with a mean luminance of 112 cd/m2. Each test lasted 20&... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224188 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 18:01:01 +0100 3224188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224189&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc12mh8v7r0187vq5%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9218-1Authors Anne Fulton, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USAPierre Lachapelle, McGill University Department of Ophthalmology Montreal QC Canada Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224189 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:30:29 +0100 3224189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210353&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5180g23g2n624546%2F Abstract  Steady-state evoked potentials are popular due to their easy analysis in frequency space and the availability of methods for objective response detection. However, the interpretation of steady-state responses can be challenging due to their origin as a sequence of responses to single stimuli. In the present paper, issues of signal extinction and some characteristics of higher harmonics are illustrated based on simple model data for those readers who do not regularly hobnob with frequency-space representations of data. It is important to realize that the absence of a steady-state response does not prove the lack of neural activity. For the same underlying reasons, namely constructive and destructive superposition of individual responses, comparisons of amplitudes b... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210353 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:59:23 +0100 3210353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3206770&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F91515076573x85g7%2F This study demonstrates that some aspects of inner retinal function are modified by the inhalation of carbogen. The reduced effect of carbogen inhalation on the recordings from the patients with diabetes may be due to compromised vascular perfusion in these subjects. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original research articleDOI 10.1007/s10633-010-9217-2Authors Anne Kurtenbach, Institute for Ophthalmic Research Centre for Ophthalmology Schleichstrasse 12-16 72076 Tuebingen GermanyTraugott Dietrich, Institute for Ophthalmic Research Centre for Ophthalmology Schleichstrasse 12-16 72076 Tuebingen GermanyEberhart Zrenner, Institute for Ophthalmic Research Centre for Ophthalmology Schleichstrasse 12-16 72076 Tuebingen GermanyHana Langrová, Institute for Ophthalmic Research Centre for... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3206770 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 07:42:52 +0100 3206770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169502&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd0312t6637560757%2F Abstract  Cone dystrophies are a hereditary, progressive and heterogeneous group of retinal diseases with cone system degeneration. They lead to reduced visual acuity, colour vision impairment and photophobia. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) reveals severe cone function impairment, with normal rod responses or slightly depressed in advanced stages in some cases. The purpose of the study was to present a case of late onset cone dystrophy in 47-year-old male and the proper diagnostic procedure. A 47-year-old patient presented with progressive visual loss for several years and mild photophobia, which he observed recently. The patient underwent fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, colour vision testing, Goldmann visual field testing, full-field electroretinogram (ERG... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169502 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:19:27 +0100 3169502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169503&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv583j8249r4421h5%2F Abstract  Tilted disc syndrome can cause visual field defects due to an optic disc anomaly. Recent electrophysiological findings demonstrate reduced central outer retinal function with ophthalmoscopically normal maculae. We measured macular sensitivity with the microperimeter and performed psychophysical assessment of mesopic rod and cone luminance temporal sensitivity (critical fusion frequency) in a 52-year-old male patient with tilted disc syndrome and ophthalmoscopically normal maculae. We found a marked reduction of sensitivity in the central 20° and reduced rod- and cone-mediated mesopic visual function. Our findings extend previous electrophysiological data that suggest an outer retinal involvement of cone pathways and present a case with rod and cone impairment med... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169503 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 18:19:26 +0100 3169503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169504&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl7wu32j784n1lp25%2F Abstract  To evaluate the correlation between functional and anatomical assessments with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients with acute CSC underwent mfERG and OCT examinations. First-order mfERG N1 and P1 response amplitudes and latencies were analyzed. OCT parameters measured included central subretinal fluid (SRF) thickness, central retinal thickness, total central foveal thickness, vertical, and horizontal diameters of SRF, and macular volume. Correlation analyses were performed between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mfERG parameters, and OCT measurements. Correlation analysis showed that logMAR BCVA was significantly correlated ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169504 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 18:21:46 +0100 3169504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3134713&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgjv182041ghu0nw5%2F Abstract  To compare the ability of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT) to detect retinal abnormalities. A total of 198 eyes (100 patients) were referred by neuro-ophthalmologists to rule out a retinal etiology of visual impairment. All patients were evaluated with static automated perimetry (SAP) (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer; Zeiss Meditec), mfERG (Veris, EDI) and fdOCT (3D-OCT 1000, Topcon). The mfERG was performed with 103 scaled hexagons and procedures conforming to ISCEV standards (Hood DC et al. (2008) Doc Ophthalmol 116(1):1–11). The fdOCT imaging included horizontal and vertical line scans through the fovea. Local mfERG and fdOCT abnormalities were compared to local regions of visual field sensitivit... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3134713 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:45:23 +0100 3134713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122836&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw13571107488x234%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study is to evaluate pattern electroretinogram optimized for glaucoma screening (PERGLA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) at spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with suspected glaucoma (GS) and in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT). This is a cross-sectional, observational study. Twenty-four patients with GS (BCVA 20/20, normal visual field, intraocular pressure, IOP, less than 21 mmHg, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, GON) and 14 patients with OHT (BCVA 20/20, intraocular pressure 25 mmHg, absence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and normal visual field) were considered in this study. GON was intended as vertical cup-disk ratio of 0.5 or more; asymmetry of greater than 0.2, disk notching, disk splinter hemorrha... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122836 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:19:46 +0100 3122836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087284&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft2t13q8808747143%2F Abstract  Although a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the vasculopathy that is associated with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), our studies also revealed significant and irreversible structural (retinal histology) and functional (scotopic and photopic electroretinograms) impairments that were significantly more severe in pigmented Long–Evans rats compared to the more commonly used albino Sprague Dawley rats. In the following pages, we will highlight what we have learned about the retinal pathophysiological processes of OIR taking place in strains of both rats with the hope that this will trigger investigations into new therapeutic strategies to complement those geared at preventing the vasculopathy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.100... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087284 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:10:07 +0100 3087284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3087285&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa73j53125564hg42%2F Abstract  To assess the safety and to quantify the effects of a single application of all-trans-N-retinylacetamide on the rat retina measured by electroretinography (ERG). Brown Norway rats were assigned to either a control group (n = 13) or to one of the three groups treated with a single intra-peritoneal dose of all-trans-N-retinylacetamide: 20 (n = 8), 5 (n = 7), or 1 mg/kg (n = 8). Full-field ERGs were performed 7 days before (baseline) and 12 h after treatment. Intensity–response relationship of b-wave amplitudes were evaluated in dark-adapted conditions using white stimuli (0.000003–0.3 cd.s/m2). Fast dynamics of rod sensitivity was assessed by a paired-flash paradigm; recovery dynamics of b-wave amplitudes a... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3087285 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:10:06 +0100 3087285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3065292&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F712410q772360617%2F Abstract  The aim of the study was to describe a theory and method for inferring the statistical significance of a visually evoked cortical potential (VEP) recording. The statistical evaluation is predicated on the pre-stimulus VEP as estimates of the cortical potentials expected when the stimulus does not produce an effect, a mathematical transform to convert the voltages into standard deviations from zero, and a time-series approach for estimating the variability of between-session VEPs under the null hypothesis. Empirical and Monte Carlo analyses address issues concerned with testability, statistical validity, clinical feasibility, as well as limitations of the proposed method. We conclude that visual electrophysiological recordings can be evaluated as a statistical study... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3065292 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 21:01:47 +0100 3065292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054704&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq757672721p06865%2F This study suggests that latency could provide a clue to fixation particular at slow rates thereby improving the quality and confidence of recordings made clinically. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original research articleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9206-5Authors R. P. Hagan, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Liverpool L7 8XP UKA. Small, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Liverpool L7 8XP UKA. C. Fisher, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Liverpool L7 8XP UKM. C. Brown, Royal Liverpool University Hospital Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Liverpool L7 8XP UK Journal Documenta Ophthalmolog... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054704 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 08:31:01 +0100 3054704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3010671&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2uu113nt12476354%2F Abstract  We studied the contribution of retinal on- and off-mechanisms in the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) by measuring responses to sawtooth stimuli. Six healthy subjects participated in this study. Rapid-on and rapid-off sawtooth stimuli with a period of 427 ms were presented in a multifocal pattern composed of 19 hexagons. The stimuli were interleaved with a blank field of the mean luminance and chromaticity. On- and off-responses were added to extract response asymmetries. The amplitudes of on-, off-, and added-responses were determined for different eccentricities relative to a signal baseline that was defined as the average of the electrical level recorded in two different time windows in which no responses were present. Measurements were repeated with e... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3010671 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 23:49:45 +0100 3010671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2991013&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F52265u66t4178111%2F Abstract  Tamoxifen, an effective treatment of breast cancer, has been shown to cause ocular toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine retinal toxicity by full-field and focal electroretinograms (ERGs) in patients treated with tamoxifen. Full-field and focal ERGs were obtained from three groups: Tamoxifen—14 females (47–72 years, mean 58.3 ± 9.1) with normal fundus, treated with tamoxifen from 2 to 37 months; No Treatment—10 females (39–65 years, mean 50.1 ± 8.7) with previous breast cancer diagnosis and before tamoxifen treatment; Control—13 normal female volunteers (41–81 years, mean 52.7 ± 12.1). Peak-to-peak amplitude and b-wave implicit time were measured and statistically analyzed. Mean peak... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2991013 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:40:50 +0100 2991013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2961390&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu8203t2176646122%2F Abstract  To determine whether the Diagnosys full-field stimulus threshold (D-FST) is a valid, sensitive and repeatable psychophysical method of measuring and following visual function in low-vision subjects. Fifty-three affected eyes of 42 subjects with severe retinal degenerative diseases (RDDs) were tested with achromatic stimuli on the D-FST. Included were subjects who were either unable to perform a static perimetric field or had non-detectable or sub-microvolt electroretinograms (ERGs). A subset of 21 eyes of 17 subjects was tested on both the D-FST and the FST2, a previous established full-field threshold test. Seven eyes of 7 normal control subjects were tested on both the D-FST and the FST2. Results for the two methods were compared with the Bland–Altman test. On... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2961390 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 11:10:27 +0100 2961390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2952866&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8168145495543754%2F Abstract  Ischemic retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy are characterized by an initial microvascular degeneration, followed by an abnormal hypoxia-induced neovascularization. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a well-established in vivo model of ischemic retinopathies, which, although the triggering insult varies, all share a common end result of capillary loss. Understanding the mechanisms of normal retinal vascular development as well as the pathophysiological processes leading to the primary vascular loss is the key to develop treatments to prevent the sight-threatening neovascularization associated with human ischemic retinopathies. The importance of oxygen-dependant vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathophysiology of bot... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2952866 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 18:10:28 +0100 2952866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2929351&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff701km3r346n7486%2F Abstract  Dynamic random-dot stereograms (dRDS) elicit brain activity generated exclusively by cortical neurons sensitive to binocular horizontal disparity. We studied 20 adults with stereovision deficiency but otherwise normal vision. Psychophysical thresholds were determined with static RDS and with the three-rod experiment. VEP was recorded from seven occipital channels. Stimuli were presented on a monitor by dRDS as stereoscopic checkerboard patterns that moved in depth with 8 depth reversals per second. Horizontal disparity ranged from 7 to 24.5 min of arc. Stimuli were displayed at the center, or in the left or right half field. We determined electrophysiological thresholds as well as the disparity where largest responses occurred. Subjective and electrophysiolog... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2929351 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 18:54:04 +0100 2929351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2910589&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0207363130725114%2F Abstract  A disrupted oxygen environment in the retina of severely premature neonates is thought to be a key factor in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This review describes our understanding of intraretinal oxygen distribution and consumption in a range of animal models, including species with naturally avascular retinas and models of induced occlusion of the retinal vasculature. The influence of graded systemic hyperoxia on retinal oxygenation is also discussed along with modulation of retinal oxygen metabolism. The differences in retinal oxygenation between developing and mature retinas are also described. Comparisons are made with studies in the monkey retina in order to assess possible similarities in behaviour between rat and human retinas. Pathoge... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2910589 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 06:06:46 +0100 2910589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2897037&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F53p616266t26n100%2F Abstract  Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) can provide important diagnostic information regarding the functional integrity of the visual system. This document updates the ISCEV standard for clinical VEP testing and supersedes the 2004 standard. The major change in this revision is that test parameters have been made more precise to achieve better consistency of results within and between test centers. The ISCEV standard VEP protocols are defined for a single recording channel with a midline occipital active electrode. These protocols are intended for assessment of prechiasmal function; additional electrode sites are recommended for evaluation of chiasmal and postchiasmal function. ISCEV has selected a subset of stimulus and recording conditions that provide core clinical inf... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2897037 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:06:53 +0100 2897037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2884956&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd7056877150j4707%2F In this study of 50/10 and 75 model rats, retinal flatmounts were used to study the full vasculature at postnatal day (P) 15, P19 and P30. In addition, the layers of the neural retina were measured in toluidine blue-stained cross sections. Finally, gross anatomic features of the eye, including axial length, retinal surface area, and the ratio of anterior to posterior axial-lengths were evaluated. Both clock hours of neovascularization (NV) and percent avascular retina (AR) peaked at P19 and resolved by P30. Through P19, NV was found in every 50/10 model rat, but in only 60% of 75 model rats. AR was positively related to NV. All inner layers of the retina (outer plexiform layer through ganglion cell layer) were attenuated in 50/10 model rats but, in the 75 model, no layer differed sig... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2884956 Sat, 10 Oct 2009 07:04:50 +0100 2884956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874106&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc783421h03715v88%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and electrophysiological findings of three patients with unilateral extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers. Three patients with unilateral extensive peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers were examined. A complete ophthalmologic examination including uncorrected and best spectacle corrected visual acuities (UCVA, BSCVA) on Snellen charts, dilated fundoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), perimetry and electrophysiological tests was performed. ERG results of both eyes were normal in all cases. FFA showed hypofluorescence at the myelinated nerve fibers (MNF) area in the affected eyes. We found a visual field defect resembling arcuat scotom at perimetry of the affect... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874106 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 06:55:18 +0100 2874106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2874105&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc2w27467058342k4%2F Abstract  To report a successfully treated case of acquired night blindness associated with fundus white spots secondary to vitamin A deficiency. An ocular examination, electrophysiologic testing, as well as visual field and OCT examinations were obtained on a 61-year-old man with vitamin A deficiency who had previously undergone gastric bypass surgery. The patient had a re-evaluation after treatment with high doses of oral vitamin A. The patient was observed to have numerous white spots in the retina of each eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was initially 20/80 in each eye, which improved to 20/40-1 OU after oral vitamin A therapy for 2 months. Full field electroretinogram (ERG) testing, showed non-detectable rod function and a 34 and 41% reduction for 32-Hz flicker a... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2874105 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 06:55:18 +0100 2874105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2817328&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu18w618826887x13%2F Abstract  Rodent models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) provide important insights into the pathogenesis of human retinopathy of prematurity. Herein, we present an overview of our work with rat OIR to date. We have identified marked and consistent variations in susceptibility to OIR amongst different inbred rat strains and provide strong evidence for a genetic determinant of susceptibility to OIR. Furthermore, we have characterised differences in retinal angiogenic factor gene expression amongst different inbred rat strains exposed to cyclic hyperoxia. A key determinant of susceptibility to OIR appears to be the extent to which pro-angiogenic factor genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, are expressed during the period of hyperoxic exposur... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2817328 Sat, 19 Sep 2009 05:57:07 +0100 2817328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811182&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F551381613833032n%2F Abstract  The aim of the study is to determine whether dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), a common laboratory solvent, impacts retinal function. Long Evans rats (n = 17) were intravitreally injected with five different doses of DMSO representative of those reported in the literature and spanning over 3 log units of vitreal concentration (0.01–8%). Retinal function was evaluated 1 h after injection using electroretinograms, and the waveform was decomposed into outer (photoreceptor), middle (ON-bipolar cell) and inner retinal (amacrine and ganglion cell) components. DMSO induces a dose-dependent decrease in retinal function for concentrations of 0.6% or more which is retinal layer specific. The photoreceptors of the outer retina returned normal responses at all ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811182 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:25:46 +0100 2811182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811183&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl052141024871946%2F Abstract  Retinopathy of prematurity is a devastating vascular disease of premature infants. A number of studies indicate that retinal function is affected in this disease. Using the rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, it is possible to explore more fully the complex relationship between neuronal, glial and vascular pathology in this condition. This review examines the structural and functional changes that occur in the rat retina following oxygen-induced retinopathy. We highlight that vascular pathology in rats is characterized by aberrant growth of blood vessels into the vitreous at the expense of blood vessel growth into the body of the retina. Moreover, amino acid neurochemistry, a tool for examining neuronal changes in a spatially complete manner reveals widesprea... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811183 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:25:45 +0100 2811183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811184&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2640w0x876081760%2F Abstract  The DBA/2J (D2J) is a genetic mouse model for glaucomatous neurodegeneration because the animals develop anatomical and functional retinal deficits that partially can be correlated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). The IOP starts to increase at an age of about 6 months as a result of morphological changes within the anterior eye segment, e.g., pigment dispersion and iris synechiae. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how ERG responses change in individuals at different ages in D2J mice and to compare these changes with normal aging effects in pigmented C57/B6 (B6) mice. IOP was measured in awake, non-sedated D2J and B6 mice with a rebound tonometer. At ages between 2–3 and 10 months, scotopic flash ERGs were measured five times ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811184 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 12:21:53 +0100 2811184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2811185&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw777u34332ut58mp%2F Abstract  To compare the differences in color Doppler imaging (CDI) and pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) examinations between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and hypertension primary open angle glaucoma (HTG) patients, and investigate the relation between flow velocities measured by CDI and P-VEP examination in NTG and HTG patients. Sixty NTG patients, 66 HTG patients and 44 control subjects underwent CDI evaluation of the ophthalmic artery (OA), short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) and central retinal arteries (CRA). The peak systolic velocities (PSV) and end-diastolic velocities (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of all retrobulbar vessels were measured. The latency and amplitude of P100 in P-VEP were recorded from the three groups. The differences of CDI and P-VEP para... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2811185 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 18:52:12 +0100 2811185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2742935&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F52953u1r14016p74%2F Conclusion Metamorphopsia is a frequent clinical symptom in MacTel type 2 even in the absence of neovascularization. Since macular thickness was within normal limits in such eyes, extensive swelling or distortion of the neurosensory retina would not account for metamorphopsia in contrast to other macular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9190-9Authors Peter Charbel Issa, University of Bonn Department of Ophthalmology Ernst-Abbe-Str. 2 53127 Bonn GermanyFrank G. Holz, University of Bonn Department of Ophthalmology Ernst-Abbe-Str. 2 53127 Bonn GermanyHendrik P. N. Scholl, University of Bonn Department of Ophthalmology Ernst-Abbe-Str. 2 53127 Bonn Ger... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2742935 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 16:37:52 +0100 2742935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2723762&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa928102v45173727%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Editorial NotesDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9186-5Authors Alma Patrizia Tormene, Università di Padova Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica Oculistica Padova Italy Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2723762 Fri, 21 Aug 2009 15:29:35 +0100 2723762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2707075&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp4912glk84664667%2F Abstract  To evaluate by multifocal electroretinograms (mfERG) the macular function before and after combined treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal bevacizumab in eyes suffering from choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 15 eyes of 15 patients with subfoveal CNV were studied before and after the combined treatment. The post-treatment follow-up was 6 months. MfERG recordings were performed in each patient before and 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment. The mean N1 response amplitudes tended to increase after the treatment, and ring 2 response amplitude was significantly increased at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (P = 0.033, 0.005, respectively). For mean P1 response amplitudes, ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2707075 Fri, 14 Aug 2009 17:49:18 +0100 2707075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2697890&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F786478xl78747pnx%2F Abstract  The purpose of the study is to characterise retinal function using light-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs) in a series of young children with ONH, congenital dysplasia of retinal ganglion cells. ERGs were recorded with chloral hydrate sedation in 27 children with ONH (18 with bilateral and 9 with unilateral ONH, age 4–35 months) and an adult reference population (n = 12). Stimuli included ISCEV standard flash, oscillatory potentials (OPs) and standard flicker as well as a light-adapted luminance–response series (photopic hill). The disc diameter to disc macula (DD:DM) ratio was measured from fundus photographs. The results are eyes with ONH, classified by DD:DM, were severe (≤0.15, n = 22), moderate (0.16–0.30, n = 22), mil... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2697890 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:39:07 +0100 2697890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661723&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F13228027g18258g5%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9185-6 Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661723 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 08:44:37 +0100 2661723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661724&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F615464k487283u71%2F This article provides historical perspective on the development and use of the rat model of ROP. Key findings generated through the use of this model are also summarized. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9180-yAuthors Joshua M. Barnett, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Nashville TN USASusan E. Yanni, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Nashville TN USAJohn S. Penn, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology Nashville TN USA Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661724 Wed, 29 Jul 2009 07:17:09 +0100 2661724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661726&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd4ul22571301033j%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AbstractsDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9182-9 Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661726 Wed, 29 Jul 2009 07:17:08 +0100 2661726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661725&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw205t262201801k4%2F The objective of this study is to determine growth factor expression and activation of signaling pathways associated with intravitreous neovascularization and peripheral avascular retina using a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) relevant to today with oxygen monitoring in neonatal units. Studies using 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and 50/10 OIR+SO models were reviewed. Repeated fluctuations in oxygen increased retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) even while peripheral avascular retina persisted and prior to the development of intravitreous neovascularization. Repeated fluctuations in oxygen increased VEGF164 expression but not VEGF120. Neutralizing VEGF bioactivity significantly reduced intravitreous neovascularization and arteriolar tortuosity without in... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661725 Wed, 29 Jul 2009 07:17:08 +0100 2661725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661727&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbh48225133l44870%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9184-7 Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661727 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:29:04 +0100 2661727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2549732&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk66l1g36u13l0713%2F Abstract  In order to develop criteria for the range of data points used for regression line fitting in sweep visually evoked potential (sVEP), which would be objective, clearly specified and give good repeatability and validity, and in order to investigate the effect of luminance on sVEP measurement, visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were measured with sVEP in adults aged 17–30 years and children aged 6–8 years. Six to ten participants took part in each experiment. Five criteria (C0–C4) for fitting the regression line were implemented. Test–retest repeatability and validity against psychophysical thresholds at three luminance levels were considered for thresholds and the number of acceptable readings. There were significant effects of crite... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2549732 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 06:54:04 +0100 2549732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493413&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq51928462t5253g8%2F The objective of this study was to review retrospectively cases of clinically blind children in whom robust pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded. VEP records from a 10-year period (1990–2000) were reviewed. We searched for charts of children who were clinically cortically blind, but in whom assessment of visual acuity, using visual evoked potentials (VEPs), was normal or close to normal. The majority (77.5%) of VEP and behavioral acuity measures were concordant (subset analysis). Of the 1,113 VEP records, 9 cases (<1% of records reviewed) had clinically compromised vision with fair to good levels of visual function using VEPs. The commonality among the cases was the presence of suspected cortical visual impairment with seizures and developmental delay. VEP acuit... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493413 Tue, 23 Jun 2009 06:04:28 +0100 2493413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493414&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwk346335436n2235%2F The objective of this study was to evaluate the visual loss due to dengue fever using retinal and cortical electrophysiology and retinal imaging. The participants were three female patients with low visual acuity after dengue fever. They were evaluated by routine ophthalmological investigations, transient pattern electroretinogram (tPERG), transient pattern visual evoked cortical potential (tPVECP), and retinal optical coherence tomography (retinal OCT). tPERG and tPVECP amplitude (μV) and implicit time (ms) were the parameters evaluated using OCT retinal thickness (μm) and reflectivity. All patients presented low visual acuity and scotomata with or without changes in the oculus fundus. tPERG from two patients showed decreased amplitude or absence of the main components; it was not... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493414 Thu, 18 Jun 2009 15:46:30 +0100 2493414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2493415&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F843x11t1g3129544%2F Abstract  Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) is a rare distinct entity characterized by acute exudative maculopathy occurring in young persons. The purpose of this case study is to report transient electro-oculogram (EOG) impairment during the acute stage of UAIM. A 16-year-old healthy female with UAIM in the left eye underwent serial visual field, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, full-field electroretinogram (ERG), and EOG. Initial visual acuity of the affected left eye was 4/200 with macular subretinal exudates. Indocyanine green angiography disclosed early phase foveal hypocyanescence persisting into late phase along with late phase foci of pinpoint hypocyanescence scattered in the macular and mid-peripheral regions. Standard full-field... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2493415 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:56:00 +0100 2493415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2481377&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjwvj66m255212765%2F In this study, the authors have used a blue fixation target as a method to ensure fixation in patients with RG color deficits and have demonstrated the ability to get good recordings in cases with otherwise flat recording. The use of alternate colored target or achromatic fixation target should be considered to ensure good central fixation so as to yield better quality recording that possibly correlates better with the functioning of the optic pathway in subjects with abnormal color vision. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9174-9Authors Ajoy Vincent, Narayana Nethralaya Super Specialty Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology Department of Neuro-ophthalmology Rajajinagar 1st ‘R’ Block Bangalore 560010 IndiaRoh... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2481377 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 10:04:28 +0100 2481377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2471068&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyx7t12w1l106v8uw%2F Abstract  In this review, we summarize our in vivo studies of retinal pathophysiology in experimental models of retinopathy of prematurity, which were largely focused on the temporal and spatial links between retinal neovascularization (NV), vascular oxygenation, and intraretinal ion regulation. These studies were made possible through the use of magnetic resonance methods. Prior to the phenotype change from normal vessel development to NV, we found little support for a pathogenic role of focal retinal hypoxia at the border of vascular and avascular retina. However, key links were found between retinal NV and functional panretinal defects in both oxygenation to a provocation and intraretinal ion regulation. Through a treatment which reduced NV incidence but not panretinal p... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2471068 Tue, 09 Jun 2009 12:06:46 +0100 2471068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2335730&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr13g113118k16216%2F The objective of this study is to compare the effects of three different anesthetic combinations on the electroretinogram in the same animals under similar laboratory conditions. Thiopental–isoflurane (TI), medetomidine–ketamine (MK), and xylazine–ketamine (XK) were used on each of 12 healthy miniature schnauzer dogs (MS) with a period of at least 3 weeks in between subsequent anesthesia protocols, using the Dog Standard Protocol. The scotopic ERGs consisted of scotopic low stimulus strength (S) responses designated S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after dark adaptation, respectively, and scotopic standard stimulus strength (S-ST) responses. The photopic ERGs consisted of a photopic single flash (P) response and 31 Hz flicker (P-FL) responses. ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2335730 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 06:02:06 +0100 2335730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315152&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd80776270115822m%2F Conclusion Hyper-autofluorescence in the foveola is a non-specific manifestation of photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction. ERG studies are essential for accurate diagnosis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case reportDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9172-yAuthors Nan-Kai Wang, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory 160 Fort Washington Ave, Research Annex, Room 513 New York NY 10032 USAChai Lin Chou, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory 160 Fort Washington Ave, Research Annex, Room 513 New York NY 10032 USALuiz H. Lima, Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York New York NY USAWener Cella, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory 160 Fort Washington Av... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315152 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 05:52:10 +0100 2315152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315158&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmt361161808523u4%2F Conclusions Different amplifiers can yield quite different mfERG P1 implicit times, even with identical band-pass settings. However, the reproducibility of mfERG Z-scores across recording instrumentation is relatively high. Comparison of data across systems and laboratories, necessary for multicenter or longitudinal investigations, is facilitated if raw data are converted into Z-scores based on normative data. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9171-zAuthors Wendy W. Harrison, University of California Berkeley School of Optometry, Vision Science Program 360 Minor Hall Berkeley CA 94720-2020 USAMarcus A. Bearse, University of California Berkeley School of Optometry, Vision Science Program 360 Minor Hall Berkeley CA 94720-2020 USAJason... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315158 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 08:05:50 +0100 2315158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290332&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa6036n2143342v21%2F Conclusions These results demonstrate that changes in ocular and/or systemic physiology during full-body inversion can result in increased latencies of chromatic and achromatic pattern-onset VEPs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9170-0Authors Jennifer Highsmith, University of Nevada Department of Psychology Mail stop 296 1664 N. Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USAMichael A. Crognale, University of Nevada Department of Psychology Mail stop 296 1664 N. Virginia St Reno NV 89557 USA Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290332 Fri, 20 Mar 2009 10:42:32 +0100 2290332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2239127&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu41j020hh35686w2%2F Conclusion Similarity of ERGs across the PI and PS cystic fibrosis patient populations tested here suggests that the supplementation protocol applied to these populations allows similar levels of retinal function (as indicated by flash ERG parameters) in the two groups. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9168-7Authors Andrew Whatham, University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science Sydney 2052 AustraliaCatherine Suttle, University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science Sydney 2052 AustraliaCaron Blumenthal, University of Sydney James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric Nutrition, Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney AustraliaJane Allen, University of Sydney James Fairfax Institute of Paediatric ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2239127 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 11:00:48 +0100 2239127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2204319&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm73l273j17178j23%2F In this study, we determined the quantitative influence of the SF striving for equal response densities over the entire stimulus area. VERIS 4.8 software was used to record multifocal ERGs from 11 normals with 61 hexagons and a 60° stimulus diameter. Six recordings were obtained per subject with SFs 0, 12, 23, 25, 27, and 29. For analysis, we calculated the mean hexagon area per eccentricity and the average amplitude for elements of equal eccentricity (rings 1–5 = R1–R5), normalized to R2. As expected, recordings with SF = 0 showed the steepest amplitude drop-off with eccentricity (relative amplitudes of 1.90 (R1/R2), 1.0 (R2/R2), 0.67 (R3/R2), 0.51 (R4/R2), 0.38 (R5/R2). Using the preset SF = 12 in our set-up resulted in R1-amplitudes 1.7× larger ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2204319 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 06:52:48 +0100 2204319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2204320&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv417h164lm05513g%2F Conclusions In this small series of eyes with limited follow-up, the combined treatment of PDT with verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab seems to be associated with improvement in VA and pattern electroretinographic results when compared to those in the PDT group. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9167-8Authors Ayse Oner, Erciyes University Medical Faculty Department of Ophthalmology 38039 Kayseri TurkeyKoray Gumus, Erciyes University Medical Faculty Department of Ophthalmology 38039 Kayseri TurkeyHatice Arda, Erciyes University Medical Faculty Department of Ophthalmology 38039 Kayseri TurkeyYudum Yuce, Erciyes University Medical Faculty Department of Ophthalmology 38039 Kayseri TurkeySarper Karakucuk, Erciyes University Medical ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2204320 Thu, 19 Feb 2009 14:34:35 +0100 2204320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2152507&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fur130r772q714050%2F In conclusion, combined intravitreal bevacizumab and PDT is associated with an increase of multifocal ERG centrally in PCV patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9166-9Authors Chengguo Zuo, Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center 54 Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510060 ChinaFeng Wen, Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center 54 Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510060 ChinaJiaqing Li, Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center 54 Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510060 ChinaYan Liu, Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center 54 Xianlie Road Guangzhou 510060 ChinaMeng ... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2152507 Sat, 31 Jan 2009 07:27:07 +0100 2152507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134327&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpt33687411482851%2F Conclusions Retinal function can persist and even recover following selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy infusion for retinoblastoma. Further work is indicated to determine optimal dosing regimens, maximal tolerated dosage, and subsequent visual function in these patients. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-008-9164-3Authors Scott E. Brodie, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USAY. Pierre Gobin, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill-Cornell Medical Center New York NY USAIra J. Dunkel, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USAJonathan W. Kim, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USADavid H. Abramson, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA Journal Documenta Ophthalmologi... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134327 Sun, 25 Jan 2009 06:42:56 +0100 2134327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2130888&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxu6x4817rn5lquk3%2F Conclusion OCT and mfERG can be objective tools for assessing anatomical and functional damage of the macula. Our results suggest that in tilted disc syndrome even without visual impairment the optic nerve and the macula show dysfunction not visible by other means. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-009-9165-xAuthors Marilita M. Moschos, University of Athens Department of Ophthalmology 144, Kountouriotou Str 185 35 Piraeus, Athens GreeceAristides Triglianos, University of Athens Department of Ophthalmology 144, Kountouriotou Str 185 35 Piraeus, Athens GreeceTryfon Rotsos, University of Athens Department of Ophthalmology 144, Kountouriotou Str 185 35 Piraeus, Athens GreeceSpyridon Papadimitriou, University of Athens Department of Ophthalm... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2130888 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 09:22:30 +0100 2130888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2097596&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft518057q2222637m%2F Abstract  This technical note describes a modification to a fundus camera that permits simultaneous recording of pattern electroretinograms (pERGs) and pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEPs). The modification consists of placing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in the split-viewer pathway of a fundus camera, in a plane conjugate to the subject’s pupil. In this way, a focused image of the OLED can be delivered to a precisely known location on the retina. The advantage of using an OLED is that it can achieve high luminance while maintaining high contrast, and with minimal degradation over time. This system is particularly useful for animal studies, especially when precise retinal positioning is required. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-008-9163-4Aut... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2097596 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 10:00:25 +0100 2097596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2097595&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3777v641854845p2%2F Abstract  For a visually impaired child, the accurate establishment of the diagnosis provides information on the prognosis of his or her participation possibilities, including expectations about the need for care, and provides the basis for informed genetic counseling. To maximize the diagnostic value of electrophysiological testing, we use extensions of the standard ISCEV (International Society for Electrophysiology in Vision) protocols for both the ERG (electroretinogram) and the VEP (visual evoked potential). An overview of 3 years’ practice of the Department of Ophthalmology of Bartiméus, presented at ISCEV in Glasgow, showed that, as a result of our electrophysiological assessment, in about 10% of the cases the diagnosis at referral had to be changed from a pro... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2097595 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 10:00:25 +0100 2097595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2094492&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe606742455451r18%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s10633-008-9162-5Authors Mitchell Brigell, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Cambridge MA USA Journal Documenta OphthalmologicaOnline ISSN 1573-2622Print ISSN 0012-4486 (Source: Documenta Ophthalmologica) Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2094492 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 09:23:01 +0100 2094492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2086537&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fux465r27ml608073%2F Abstract  Quantification of visual function is essential for the impact of disease models and their treatment. Recently, we introduced a chronic implant model to record visual evoked potentials (VEP) in awake Brown–Norway rats. Here, we investigated the hemispheric distribution of VEP after monocular stimulation, the chronic electrode implantation and the influence of commonly used anesthetics. Potentials were recorded by electrodes, implanted epidurally over the superior colliculus. The entire visual field of the rat was stimulated. Flicker stimuli were modulated in luminance with a modulation depth from 5 to 80% at 7.5 Hz and flashes with a modulation depth of >95% in a frequency range of 2.9–38 Hz. Recordings were constant over 9 days. When one eye w... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2086537 Mon, 05 Jan 2009 06:49:11 +0100 2086537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2059637&cid=s_33436_30_f&fid=33436&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxu07553549uu0ql2%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether L- and M-cone driven responses can be influenced by concomitant modulation in the rods or the S-cones. In addition, it was studied whether a change in the state of adaptation in L- or M-cones can have a different influence on ERG data when simultaneously the mean number of photoisomerizations in either rods or S-cones is altered. It was found that rods and/or S-cones cannot be neglected when measuring L- or M-cone driven ERGs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Research ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10633-008-9159-0Authors Jan Kremers, University Hospital Erlangen-Nuremberg Department of Ophthalmology Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen GermanyDariusz Czop, University Eye Hospital Department of Experiment... Documenta Ophthalmologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2059637 Sun, 21 Dec 2008 08:21:20 +0100 2059637