MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Domestic Animal Endocrinology' source. Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:54:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324227&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724010000147%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324227 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 14:21:35 +0100 3324227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324226&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724010000123%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324226 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 14:21:35 +0100 3324226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131069&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001374%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131069 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:09:28 +0100 3131069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131068&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001350%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131068 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 14:09:28 +0100 3131068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324235&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001325%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we investigated the expression of miRNAs in the skin of alpacas with brown vs white coat color using a microarray screen; identified potential mRNA targets for identified miRNAs among coat color genes; and subsequently determined the ability of a specific, differentially expressed miRNA (miR-25) to suppress expression of micropthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a predicted miR-25 target gene that regulates genes linked to coat color. Expression of 10 different miRNA species in the skin of alpacas with brown vs white coat color was identified from microarray screens. Of the 10 alpaca skin miRNAs identified, predicted binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region of RNAs encoding for known genes linked to coat color were primarily for miR-25, but sites were also i... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324235 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324231&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001040%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The statistical analysis of hormones sampled throughout the production cycle is complicated because factors such as age and weight at the measuring date interfere. Spline curves constructed from pieces of low-degree, random-effects polynomials could be used for a more accurate analysis of data. Concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), weight gain, and concentrate intake of Parda de Montaña (PM) (n=27) and Pirenaica calves (n=14) were modeled with a spline model according to age at weaning, pre-weaning concentrate feeding, and breed. At birth, calves were randomly assigned to early weaning (EW) at 90d or traditional weaning (TW) at 150d. During lactation, half of PM calves received concentrates (S), whereas the remainder received no concentrates (NS). After weaning,... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324231 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324234&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001313%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It was the aim of the present study to collect basic data on calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homoeostasis in sheep. Two series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitammin D3 (calcitriol) in supraphysiological dosage in combination with varying alimentary Ca supply. In the first series, blood samples were collected over 72h to determine the concentrations of total Ca (Ca), ionized Ca (Ca2+), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the bone resorption marker CrossLaps (CL). In the second series, measurements were carried out over 12h. In addition, urine samples were collected to calculate the fractional excretions (FE) of Ca and Pi. Changes in plasma macromineral concentrations (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324234 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324233&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001301%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It is widely accepted that transport is stressful for horses, but only a few studies are available involving horses that are transported regularly and are accustomed to transport. We determined salivary cortisol immunoreactivity (IR), fecal cortisol metabolites, beat-to-beat (RR) interval, and heart rate variability (HRV) in transport-experienced horses (N=7) in response to a 2-d outbound road transport over 1370km and 2-d return transport 8 d later. Salivary cortisol IR was low until 60min before transport but had increased (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324233 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020335&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001210%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020335 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 14:18:56 +0100 3020335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020334&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001192%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020334 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 14:18:56 +0100 3020334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324232&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001179%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The transcriptional response of adipose tissue depots with respect to their immune responsiveness in dairy cows remains largely unknown. Thus, we examined mRNA expression and responsiveness of subcutaneous (SUB) and mesenteric (MES) adipose tissue from nonpregnant dairy cows to a short-term (2h), in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (20μg/mL in physiological saline). Abundance of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFA), interleukin-6 (IL6), serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), and RANTES/chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from tissue samples collected at slaughter from 5 nonpregnant/nonlactating Holstein cows. Prior to LPS challenge, SAA3 mRNA abu... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324232 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324230&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001039%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Maternal stress in pregnant sows may induce long-lasting alterations in the behavior, physiology, and immunity of their offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of repeated social stress during late gestation on determinants of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and on hippocampal neurotransmitter profiles in pig offspring. All pregnant gilts were housed in pairs. Each Stress gilt was mixed with an unfamiliar gilt twice a week between days 77 and 105 of gestation (n=18). Control gilts were housed in stable pairs over the same period (n=18). Plasma cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) were measured in 1 male and 1 female per litter in a basal situation on postnatal days (PND) 4, 26, and 60 and in a stressful situation at PN... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324230 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324229&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A substance interfering with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for feline insulin concentration was investigated in healthy cats. An insulin-binding substance isolated from feline serum showed 2 bands at 25 and 50kDa in SDS-PAGE, suggesting the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Insulin-binding IgG from healthy cats indeed reduced insulin immunoreactivity in the ELISA for determining insulin concentration. The insulin-binding IgG was polyclonal/polyreactive and showed certain specificity, high affinity, and high binding capacity, which was evaluated by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay with Scatchard plot analysis. Epitope analysis revealed that the insulin-binding IgG showed significant binding at residues A1-5 and B20-30 of the insulin molecule. Removal of the antibodi... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324229 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873546&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001088%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873546 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 09:24:55 +0100 2873546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873545&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001064%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873545 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 09:24:55 +0100 2873545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3324228&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001015%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Follicle selection is associated with an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in granulosa cells, however, the roles of VEGF in regulating the function of these or other non-endothelial cells in the ovary have not been explored in detail. The current study used bovine cell cultures to investigate potential roles of VEGF in the regulation of granulosa cell function during follicle development. Granulosa cells were obtained from morphologically healthy follicles 4 to 8mm or 9 to 14mm in diameter (corresponding to diameters before and after the establishment of dominance, respectively, during a bovine follicular wave) and exposed to a range of VEGF concentrations (1 to 100ng/mL) encompassing concentrations found naturally in bovin... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3324228 Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3324228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131072&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000988%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To differentiate between the effects of heat stress (HS) and decreased dry matter intake (DMI) on physiological and metabolic variables in growing beef cattle, we conducted an experiment in which a thermoneutral (TN) control group (n=6) was pair fed (PF) to match nutrient intake with heat-stressed Holstein bull calves (n=6). Bulls (4 to 5 mo old, 135kg body weight [BW]) housed in climate-controlled chambers were subjected to 2 experimental periods (P): (1) TN (18°C to 20°C) and ad libitum intake for 9 d, and (2) HS (cyclical daily temperatures ranging from 29.4°C to 40.0°C) and ad libitum intake or PF (in TN conditions) for 9 d. During each period, blood was collected daily and all calves were subjected to an intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT) on day 7 and a glucose tol... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131072 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131071&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS073972400900099X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the observed elevation in ECE1 protein concentrations on day 10 and the presence of EDNRA on LLC suggests a possible role for EDN1 (resulting from the actions of ECE1) acting via EDNRA in the control of LS in the pig. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131071 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131070&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009001003%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present study investigated the expression of visfatin mRNA in various tissues of male and female broiler chickens. We also studied the effect of leptin, cerulenin, and food deprivation, known effectors of energy balance and insulin action, on visfatin gene expression in chickens. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis, we detected chicken visfatin mRNA transcript in the kidney, hypothalamus, gizzard, liver, pancreas, proventriculus, breast and leg muscle, ovary, testis, lung, intestine, adipose tissue, and heart. Expression of the visfatin gene in various tissues of male and female chickens was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and found to be tissue and sex dependent. In both sexes, compared to other tissues, the visf... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131070 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131075&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000952%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study presents for the first time evidence of β-adrenergic control on avUCP messenger expression in chicken muscle and suggests the potential involvement of AMPK and several transcription factors in this regulation. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131075 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131074&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000964%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurohormone that is typically associated with food intake, but it has also been reported to affect the production of progesterone from luteal tissue in vitro. However, NPY has not been previously immunolocalized in the ovine ovary or in the corpus luteum (CL) of any species, and the effects of this neurohormone on luteal function in vivo are not known. Thus, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) to localize NPY in the ovine ovary and used avidin-biotin immunocytochemistry (ICC) to further define the intracellular localization within follicles and the CL. We then infused NPY directly into the arterial supply of the autotransplanted ovaries of sheep to determine the in vivo effect of exogenous NPY on ovarian blood flow and on the luteal secr... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131074 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3131073&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000976%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The response to oral glucose was examined in 10 obese and 9 lean age-matched, neutered cats. In all cats, oral administration of 2g/kg glucose was followed by a prompt increase in glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. There were significant differences between lean and obese cats in the areas under the curve for glucose, insulin, and GLP-1. However, the responses were variable, and a clear distinction between individual lean and obese cats was not possible. Therefore, this test cannot be recommended as a routine test to examine insulin resistance in individual cats as it is used in people. A further disadvantage for routine use is also the fact that this test requires gastric tubing for the correct administration of the glucose and associated tranquilization to min... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3131073 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3131073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020337&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000927%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, 6 receptors for GHRH and GHRH-related peptides (cGHRHR1, cGHRHR2, cGHRH-LPR, cPAC1, cVPAC1, and cVPAC2) were cloned from chicken brain or pituitary, and their functionalities were examined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system. Results showed that: (1) all receptors are G protein–coupled receptors functionally coupled to the intracellular PKA signaling pathway; (2) 2 GHRH receptors (cGHRHR1 and cGHRHR2) were identified, and both receptors could be potently activated by cGHRH; (3) cGHRH-LP could activate its specific receptor cGHRH-LPR (cPRP-R), and it also activated cGHRHR1 and cGHRHR2; and (4) PACAP could potently activate its receptors cPAC1, cVPAC1 and cVPAC2; however, cVPAC1 and cVPAC2 could also be effectively activated by cV... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020337 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873553&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000745%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, 10-mo-old Japanese Black heifers with growth hormone (GH) genotypes AA, AB, BB, AC, BC, and CC (N=141) were compared for basal GH, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin, ghrelin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Growth hormone release was also measured as response to growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) (0.4μg/kg body weight [BW]) using 18 heifers with GH genotypes AA, BB, and CC (n=6 for each group). The genotype AA heifers showed the greatest BW among genotypes (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873553 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873547&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, timing of GnRH treatment following onset of estrus influenced pulses of LH and subsequent progesterone. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873547 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020339&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000782%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Heat stress perturbs prolactin (PRL) release and affects dairy cow lactational performance and immune cell function. We hypothesized that greater PRL concentration in plasma of heat-stressed cows relative to cooled cows would decrease expression of prolactin receptor (PRL-R) mRNA and increase mRNA expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in lymphocytes, altering their cytokine production. To test this hypothesis, multiparous Holstein cows were dried off 46 d before their expected calving date and assigned randomly to heat stress (HT; n=9) or cooling (CL; n=7) during the entire dry period. A second study was conducted the following year with an additional 21 cows (12 HT; 9 CL). Lymphocytes were isolated from cows at -46, -20, +2, and +20 d relative to expected calvin... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020339 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020338&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000915%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Lipids are important for cell function and survival, but abnormal concentrations may lead to various diseases. Cholesterol homeostasis is greatly dependent on the active transport by membrane proteins, whose activities coordinate lipid status with cellular function. Intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein (NPC1L1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) participate in the uptake of extracellular cholesterol, whereas ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) mediates the efflux of excessive intracellular cholesterol. Caveolin-1 binds cholesterol and fatty acids (FA) and participates in cholesterol trafficking. Sterol response element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) is a sensor that regulates intracellular cholesterol synthesis. Given that cholesterol is a constituent of chylomicrons, whose synthesi... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020338 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020336&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000939%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether circulating ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in cattle are regulated by endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-3 (ET-3), and secretin. Six Holstein steers (242±1 d old, 280.5±4.4kg body weight [BW]; mean±SEM) were allocated randomly in an incomplete Latin square design to receive each of 4 treatment compounds (vehicle, ET-1, ET-3, and secretin) with 1-d intervals between successive treatments. The treatment compounds were injected intravenously via a catheter inserted into the external jugular vein of each steer. Blood was sampled from the indwelling catheter at -30, -15, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180min. Plasma ghrelin and GH responses to the treatment compounds were measured by a double-antibody r... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020336 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020340&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000770%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Chronic elevation of glucocorticoid concentrations is detrimental to health. We investigated effects of chronic increase in plasma cortisol concentrations on energy balance and endocrine function in sheep. Because food intake and reproduction are regulated by photoperiod, we performed experiments in January (JAN) and August (AUG), when appetite drive is either high or low, respectively. Ovariectomized ewes were treated (intramuscularly) daily with 0.5mg Synacthen Depot® (synthetic adrenocorticotropin: ACTH) or saline for 4 wk. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma concentrations of cortisol, luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH), leptin, insulin, and glucose. Adrenocorticotropin treatment increased concentrations of cortisol. Duri... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020340 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873554&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000757%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To study the effect of time and different forms of hyperketonemia, with or without puerperal metritis, on insulin and glucose responses, 31 Holstein cows were subjected to glucose (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) between 18 and 22 d before, and on days 7 and 60-70 after calving. Plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and leptin were measured from 18 d before until 70 d after calving. The revised quick insulin sensitivity index (RQUICKI) was calculated at each time point. First postpartum (PP) ovulation was monitored by milk progesterone. Based on BHB patterns and clinical findings, animals were classified as 1) Normoketonemic (NK, n=9); 2) Transiently hyperketonemic (tHK, n=7); 3) Conti... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873554 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739087&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000824%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739087 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 12:02:29 +0100 2739087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739086&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000800%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739086 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 12:02:28 +0100 2739086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3020341&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000769%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Messenger RNA of the calcium-sensing receptor from feline parathyroid gland (fCaSR) was reversed transcribed to cDNA, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into E. coli. Sequences obtained from cloned E. coli were used for genetic characterization of the fCaSR mRNA and for exonic PCR primer design. Multiple fCaSR exons sequence alignments obtained from PCR amplification of genomic DNA of 5 healthy domestic shorthair cats indicated the presence of 3 synonymous missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and 1 nonsynonymous missense SNP, which changed an amino acid from arginine to proline. The fCaSR has 96%, 96%, and 94% homology to the canine, human, and bovine amino acid sequences, respectively. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3020341 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3020341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873552&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000733%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We investigated the presence of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) mRNA in chicken pituitary and brain, and quantified the changes in its expression during the last week of embryonic development. We found that in the pituitary gland, TSHR mRNA co-localizes with folliculo-stellate cells but not with thyrotropic cells, suggesting the existence of a paracrine ultra-short thyrotropin feedback loop. TSHR mRNA was also present throughout the diencephalon and various other brain regions, which implies a more general function for thyrotropin in the avian brain. During late embryogenesis, when the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroidal axis increases markedly, a significant rise in TSHR mRNA expression was observed in pituitary, which may signify an important change in pituitary ultra-s... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873552 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873551&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000721%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In the swine breeding industry, two economical traits are of particular importance in sires, namely, muscle growth and average daily gain (ADG). These traits are quantitative, which implies that they are under the control of multiple genes. Mutations in these genes, associated with either muscularity or growth, are useful quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) for unraveling genetic variation of these traits and can be used in marker-assisted selection. Until now, QTN involved in muscle growth and/or ADG in pigs were identified in porcine ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Recently, a fourth possible QTN was found in porcine myostatin (MSTN). All four QTN have an influence on muscle growth and/or somatic growth, so... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873551 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873550&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS073972400900071X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Obesity is now a major disease of dogs, predisposing to numerous disorders including diabetes mellitus. Adipocytes are active endocrine cells, and human obesity is characterized by derangements in inflammatory adipokine production. However, it is unclear as to whether similar changes occur in dogs. The purpose of the current study was to assess insulin sensitivity and inflammatory adipokine profiles in dogs with naturally occurring obesity and to investigate the effect of subsequent weight loss. Twenty-six overweight dogs were studied, representing a range of breeds and both sexes. All dogs underwent a weight loss program involving diet and exercise. Body fat mass was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, and a panel of inflammat... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873550 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873549&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000708%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Twenty-five ram lambs were immunized against α-inhibin peptide emulsified in Freund's adjuvant (FRA), Emulsigen (EML) containing an oligodeoxynucleotide as an immunostimulant, or adjuvant without α-inhibin antigen (control). Four immunizations were administered during an 85-d period, after which testes were obtained for determination of daily sperm production (DSP) and histological evaluation. α-Inhibin antibody (Ab) titers were 70-fold greater in lambs treated with FRA than in EML-treated ram lambs. α-Inhibin immunization had no effect on testes weight or on plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. Mean DSP/g tended (P=0.1) to be greater in α-inhibin–immunized (EML=17.6×106; FRA=15.8×106) ram lambs than in ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873549 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2873548&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000691%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objectives were to (1) characterize the relationship of third-ventricle (IIIV) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) with concentrations of GH in the peripheral circulation; and (2) assess the influence of acute administration of appetite-regulating peptides leptin (anti-orexigenic) and neuropeptide Y (NPY; orexigenic) on the release of GHRH. Six mature beef cows fitted with IIIV and jugular vein cannulae were treated intracerebroventricularly with saline, and leptin (600μg) and NPY (500μg) in saline, in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design. Third-ventricle CSF and blood were collected 10min before and continued 220min after treatments. Mean concentrations of GHRH and frequency of pulses after treatments were 2.2±0.13ng/mL and 1... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2873548 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2873548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739092&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000551%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study sought to determine the effects of estradiol on GH-releasing hormone (GRH)-stimulated GH release in sheep. Growth hormone secretory characteristics, the GH response to GRH, and steady-state GH mRNA concentrations were determined in castrated male lambs treated with 2 different doses of estradiol 17-β for a 28-d experimental period. Although no differences between treatments in mean GH, basal GH, or GH pulse number were observed after 28 d of estradiol treatment, GH pulse amplitude was greater (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739092 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739091&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS073972400900054X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was conducted to identify genes expressed during adipocyte differentiation of bovine intramuscular fibroblast-like cells using differential display reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The presenilin enhancer-2 (PSENEN) gene was found to be down-regulated during adipocyte differentiation of bovine intramuscular fibroblast-like cells. The ectopic expression of bovine PSENEN in 3T3-L1 reduced adipogenesis and the inhibition of endogenous PSENEN by siRNA induced adipogenesis on d 4 of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, the expression of γ-secretase complex gene-related Notch signaling was decreased at d 2 and d 4 during adipocyte differentiation. In addition, expression of the Notch-signaling genes (Notch-1, Hes-1, Pref-1, adipsin) was regulated ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739091 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739090&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000538%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The corpus luteum (CL) of the estrous cycle in the cow is a dynamic organ which has a life time of approximately 17-18 days. The main function of the CL is to secrete a large amount of progesterone (P) thereby supporting the achievement of pregnancy. As the CL matures, the steroidogenic cells establish contact with many capillaries and the matured CL is composed of many vascular endothelial cells that account for up to 50% of all CL cells. The bovine CL produces several major angiogenic and vasoactive foctors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietin-1 and -2 (ANPT-1 and -2), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), endothelin-1 (EDN1), angiotensin II (Ang II) and nitric oxide (NO). These factors regulate P secretion directly and/o... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739090 Thu, 09 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739089&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS073972400900040X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To evaluate the estrogenic potential of secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) found in linseed meal (LSM) on visceral organ mass, IGF-I, and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) concentrations, 48 multiparous, ovariectomized ewes (54.6±1.1kg) were used in a 3×4 factorial arrangement. Main effects were length of LSM feeding (0, 1, 7, or 14 d) and length of exposure to estradiol-17β (E2) implant (0, 6, or 24h prior to tissue collection). Implanting ewes with E2 for 24h increased liver mass relative to empty body weight (EBW; g/kg EBW) compared with ewes implanted for 0 or 6h (P≤0.03), whereas feeding LSM for 14 d decreased liver mass compared with ewes fed LSM for 1 or 7 d (P≤0.02). There was an LSM×E2 interaction (P=0.01) for duodenal mass (g/kg EBW), LSM, and E2 tended (P=0.07) t... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739089 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513931&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000599%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513931 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:00:50 +0100 2513931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513930&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000575%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513930 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:00:50 +0100 2513930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513936&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000344%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective, therefore, was to clone the GH cDNA from Brooksville miniature Brahman cattle, compare its sequence to normal Brahman cattle, and test the biological activity of the native GH protein. Messenger RNA was isolated from the pituitary, and a cDNA for the protein coding region of the GH gene was amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from each of 2 miniature Brahman bulls. The cDNA were cloned into plasmid vectors, and top and bottom strands were sequenced by automated DNA sequencing. The sequence of both cDNA clones derived from miniature cattle differed from Bos indicus GH (GenBank AF034386) at base number 641 because there was a cytosine (C) instead of a thymine (T). The C to T change encoded a mutation (threonine to methionine) at amino acid 200 (T... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513936 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739088&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS073972400900037X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The temporal pattern and sex effect of immune and stress hormone responses to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were assessed using a pig model. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 increased in a time-dependent manner following LPS infusion. There was also a time-dependent increase in secretion of the stress-related hormones cortisol, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) following LPS, with peak concentrations attained within 30min. The magnitude of the TNF-α and IL-1β responses were both positively associated (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739088 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2459954&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000447%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2459954 Sun, 07 Jun 2009 19:12:21 +0100 2459954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2459953&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000423%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2459953 Sun, 07 Jun 2009 19:12:19 +0100 2459953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513938&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000368%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Mammary gland growth and morphogenesis are regulated by interactions between hormones as much as by their individual actions. The effect of these interactions on the mammary gland phenotype in species other than rodents is relatively undefined. We investigated the individual and combined effects of estrogen (E), progestin (P), and prolactin (PRL) on mammary gland development in gilts. Pigs were shown to have a ductal-lobular parenchyma that underwent hormone-stimulated progression of terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) morphogenesis similar to that in the human breast. Ovariectomy plus hypoprolactinemia abolished mammary gland growth. Estrogen alone stimulated mammary epithelial cell proliferation, terminal bud formation, and the progression of TDLU1 structures to a TDLU2 morphot... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513938 Wed, 03 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513937&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000356%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the combination of 50μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH maintained follicular integrity and promoted follicular activation and growth after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513937 Tue, 02 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513933&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000319%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of fasting on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein (IGFBPs) mRNA in channel catfish were examined. Fed control fish (Fed) were compared to fish that had been fasted for 30 d followed by 15 d of additional feeding (Restricted). Sequence alignment and similarity to orthologous proteins in other vertebrates provided structural evidence that the 3 catfish sequences identified in the present research were IGFBP-1, -2, and -3. Prolonged fasting (30 d) reduced body weight approximately 60% (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513933 Sun, 17 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513935&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000332%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We conducted experiments to evaluate the effects of lipid supplementation and the nature of starchy concentrate on the regulation of leptin synthesis in lactating goats. Multiparous goats in mid- to late lactation received diets based on different forages and containing plant oil or seeds rich in either 18:1c9, 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-3 corresponding to 3%–7% dry matter (DM) as lipid supplements, or diets based on concentrate as either rapidly or slowly degradable starch. The isoenergetic replacement of a part of the concentrate by either oleic sunflower-seed oil, formaldehyde-treated linseeds, or linseed oil did not modify leptinemia and the leptin mRNA concentration in adipose tissues, suggesting a lack of effect of 18:1c9, 18:3n-3, or their biohydrogenation products. Conversely, le... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513935 Thu, 14 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2459955&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000034%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the hypothesis that myostatin and PGC-1α are involved in the increase in skeletal muscle mass and transformation of fiber type in cold-exposed chicks. One-week-old chicks were exposed to acute (24h) or long-term (8d) cold at 4°C or kept warm at 30°C. Acute cold exposure induced a significant increase in the skeletal muscle weight and the ratio of slow- to fast-fiber specific troponin I expression (sTnI/fTnI), accompanied by a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Expression of myostatin mRNA in the muscle was significantly lower in cold-exposed chicks than in the controls, whereas PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly enhanced. These changes in the gene expression rapidly returned to the levels of the control chicks after the end of cold exposur... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2459955 Fri, 08 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2459955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513934&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000320%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we determined whether the effect of GH on serum insulin concentration in cattle could be affected by the nutritional levels of the animal and whether GH increased serum insulin concentration in cattle by directly stimulating insulin release or insulin gene expression in the pancreatic islets. Administration of recombinant bovine GH increased serum insulin concentration in nonlactating, nonpregnant beef cows fed a daily concentrate meal in addition to ad libitum hay, but it had no effect in those cows fed hay only. Both GH treatments for 1 and 24h increased insulin concentrations in cultures of pancreatic islets isolated from growing cattle. Growth hormone treatment for 24h increased insulin mRNA expression in cultured bovine pancreatic islets. Growth hormone treatment for 16... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513934 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2513932&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the data indicate that thyroid hormones acting via nuclear receptors are involved in regulation of the pituitary-ovarian axis and processes associated with follicle growth and maturation. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2513932 Sun, 26 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2513932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350452&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000162%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bovine C-terminal octapeptide of RFRP-3 (RFRP-3-8) on LH secretion from cultured anterior pituitary (AP) cells of cattle, and the effects of RFRP-3-8 injections on pulsatile LH secretion in castrated male calves. The suppressive effect of RFRP-3-8 on LH secretion from AP cells was observed in the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), but not in the absence of GnRH in culture media. In another experiment collecting blood samples serially from castrated male calves with repeated intravenous injections of RFRP-3-8 (n=6) or saline (n=6), the RFRP-3-8 group showed suppressed LH pulse frequency during the injection period (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350452 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:29:36 +0100 2350452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350451&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724008001379%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To identify factors involved in the establishment of pregnancy in the mare, endometrium was collected from day 13 (day 0=day of ovulation) cyclic and day 13, 19, and 25 pregnant animals. From initial cDNA subtraction studies, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) mRNA was found as a candidate molecule expressed uniquely in the pregnant endometrium. Expression of IL-1RN mRNA was markedly increased in day 19 and 25 gravid endometrium. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that IL-1RN mRNA was localized to the glandular epithelium. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) protein was found in the extracts of day 25 gravid endometrium and was immunochemically localized to the glandular epithelium/luminal cavity of the pregnant uterus. High concentrations of estradiol-17β (E... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350451 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:29:33 +0100 2350451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350450&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724008001367%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Stress disrupts the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in females, but the mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that cortisol compromises the ability of estrogen to induce a preovulatory-like LH surge in ovariectomized ewes in both the breeding and nonbreeding season. Luteinizing hormone surges were induced in ovariectomized ewes by treatment with progesterone followed by a surge-inducing estradiol-17β (E2) stimulus using a crossover design. The experiment was replicated in the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. Cortisol reduced the incidence of LH surges irrespective of season. Cortisol increased the latency from E2 stimulus to the onset of the surge in the breeding season only and suppressed the LH surge amplitude during both seasons (P (Source: Domestic An... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350450 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:29:30 +0100 2350450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350449&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724008001355%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Calcium has important physiological functions, and disorders of calcium homeostasis are frequent in horses. We have made important progress understanding equine calcium homeostasis; however, limited information on equine calcitonin (CT) is available, in part because of the lack of validated CT assays. To determine the CT response to high ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in healthy horses, we induced hypercalcemia in 10 healthy horses using a calcium gluconate 23% solution (5mg/kg; 120mL/500kg horse) infused over 4min. Four horses were infused with 120mL of 0.9% NaCl and used as controls. We validated a human-specific CT radioimmunoassay for use in horses. Serum Ca2+ concentrations increased from 6.2±0.3mg/dL to 9.9±0.5mg/dL (4min; P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350449 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:29:21 +0100 2350449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350448&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724008001343%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Corticosterone (CORT) can stimulate growth hormone (GH) secretion on embryonic day (e) 12 in the chicken. However, CORT failed to induce GH secretion on e20 in a single report, suggesting that regulation of GH production changes during embryonic development. Secretion in response to CORT during embryonic development is modulated by the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Growth hormone responses on e12 involve both glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR); however, involvement of MR has not been evaluated past e12. To further define changes in somatotroph responsiveness to CORT, pituitary cells obtained on e12–e20 were cultured with CORT alone and in combination with T3 and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). Growth hormone mRNA levels and protei... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350448 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:29:07 +0100 2350448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350447&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724008001161%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Porcine corpora lutea (CL) fail to show a luteolytic response to prostaglandin-F-2α (PGF-2α) (ie, luteolytic sensitivity, or LS) until ∼day 13 of the estrous cycle. In view of the importance of protein kinase C (PRKC) in PGF-2α signal transduction, it was hypothesized that limiting levels of 1 or more PRKC isoforms may explain the lack of LS before day 13. This hypothesis was tested by examining expression of mRNA and protein, and the cellular localization patterns of the 11 PRKC isoforms throughout the porcine estrous cycle, to determine whether PRKC expression correlates with and thus may be associated with the control of the acquisition of LS in the pig. The expression patterns show that for most PRKC isoforms (ie, PRKC alpha, beta 1, beta 2, delta, epsilon, theta, iota, ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350447 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:28:53 +0100 2350447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350446&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000241%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350446 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:28:53 +0100 2350446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2350445&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2350445 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 08:28:52 +0100 2350445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489457&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000046%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study also presents the first data examining glucose and insulin dynamics in developing foals in response to maternal high starch diet. (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489457 Wed, 08 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489459&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Adipose tissue expresses adipokines, which are involved in regulation of energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. To adapt for the transition from pregnancy to lactation, particularly in high-yielding dairy cows, adipokines, their receptors, and particular G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) are of potential importance. Signaling by GPR 41 stimulates leptin release via activation by short-chain fatty acids; GPR 43/109A inhibits lipolysis, and GPR 109A thereby mediates the lipid-lowering effects of nicotinic acid and β–hydroxybutyrate. The aim of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of adiponectin and visfatin, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/2), leptin receptor (obRb), insulin receptor as of the aforementioned GPRs during the transition per... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489459 Sun, 05 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489461&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effect of energy balance on the growth hormone (GH) secretory responsiveness to growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has not been determined in ruminant animals. Therefore, we examined the effects of intravenous injections of 0, 3.3, and 6.6μg ghrelin/kg body weight (BW), with and without GHRH at 0.25μg/kg BW, on GH secretory responsiveness in both the fed and fasted sheep. The injections were carried out at 48h (Fasting state) and 3h (Satiety state) after feeding. Blood samples were taken every 10minutes, from 30minutes before to 120minutes after the injection. Low (3.3μg/kg BW) and high (6.6μg/kg BW) doses of ghrelin stimulated GH secretion significantly (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489461 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489458&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000137%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of 5 or 25μg/mL gossypol on swine granulosa cell steroidogenic activity, redox status and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) production. Study demonstrated that gossypol significantly (P (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489458 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489460&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000150%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The transformation of the dominant follicle into a functional corpus luteum is accompanied by a profound molecular and morphological reorganization of somatic cell layers. Several studies have focused on gene expression during early processes of follicular differentiation as it relates to recruitment and selection of dominant follicles. However, little information exists on changes of gene expression profiles in late preovulatory follicles. This lack of information is addressed here to elucidate molecular mechanisms behind the LH-induced transition from the large dominant estrogen-active to the preovulatory follicle, an intermediate stage toward full luteinization. Transcripts encoding key molecules for the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and prostaglandins, as well as receptors... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489460 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2489456&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesticanimalendo.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0739724009000022%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ghrelin is a highly conserved peptide hormone secreted by the stomach, which is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release, and increases appetite in a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, including several fish species. Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding and fasting on plasma and stomach ghrelin, and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis in the Mozambique tilapia, a euryhaline teleost. No postprandial changes in plasma and stomach ghrelin levels or stomach ghrelin mRNA levels were observed. Plasma levels of GH, IGF-I and glucose all increased postprandially which agrees with the anabolic roles of these factors. Fasting for 4 and 8d did not affect g... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2489456 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2489456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308293&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19342191%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated for the first time that ghrelin differentially modulates GH secretory response to GHRH according to feeding states in ruminant animals. PMID: 19342191 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308293 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308298&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19328642%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggested that RFRP-3-8 suppresses LH secretion from cultured AP cells, as well as LH pulse frequency in cattle. PMID: 19328642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308298 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308296&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19339131%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nimz M, Spitschak M, Schneider F, Fürbass R, Vanselow J The transformation of the dominant follicle into a functional corpus luteum is accompanied by a profound molecular and morphological reorganization of somatic cell layers. Several studies have focused on gene expression during early processes of follicular differentiation as it relates to recruitment and selection of dominant follicles. However, little information exists on changes of gene expression profiles in late preovulatory follicles. This lack of information is addressed here to elucidate molecular mechanisms behind the LH-induced transition from the large dominant estrogen-active to the preovulatory follicle, an intermediate stage toward full luteinization. Transcripts encoding key molecules for the biosynthe... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308296 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308295&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19339132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fox BK, Breves JP, Hirano T, Grau EG Ghrelin is a highly conserved peptide hormone secreted by the stomach, which is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release, and increases appetite in a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrates, including several fish species. Studies were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding and fasting on plasma and stomach ghrelin, and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis in the Mozambique tilapia, a euryhaline teleost. No postprandial changes in plasma and stomach ghrelin levels or stomach ghrelin mRNA levels were observed. Plasma levels of GH, IGF-I and glucose all increased postprandially which agrees with the anabolic roles of these factor... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308295 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308292&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19342192%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, study has demonstrated effecs of gossypol on swine granulosa cell function in vitro. Effects on female swine fertility can not be excluded. PMID: 19342192 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308292 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2308291&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemor A, Hosseini A, Sauerwein H, Mielenz M Adipose tissue expresses adipokines, which are involved in regulation of energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. To adapt for the transition from pregnancy to lactation, particularly in high-yielding dairy cows, adipokines, their receptors, and particular G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs) are of potential importance. Signaling by GPR 41 stimulates leptin release via activation by short-chain fatty acids; GPR 43/109A inhibits lipolysis, and GPR 109A thereby mediates the lipid-lowering effects of nicotinic acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The aim of this study was to compare the mRNA expression of adiponectin and visfatin, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/2), leptin receptor (obRb), insulin receptor as of th... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2308291 Sun, 22 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2308291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2263314&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19261427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar P, Chaturvedi CM The present study investigates the effects of temporal synergism of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and pineal function (pinealectomy and melatonin administration) on gonadal response and nitric oxide (NO) activity in Japanese quail. Three-week-old male quails were divided into 9 groups, as follows: (I) control (treated with normal saline); (II) 8-h and (III) 12-h (receiving l-DOPA after the administration of 5-HTP [5mg/100g body weight] at the interval of 8 and 12h, respectively, over a period of 13 days); (IV) SO (sham operated); (V) Px (pinealectomized); (VI) Veh (vehicle treated control); (VII) Mel (melatonin 25mug/100g body weight for 45 days); (VIII) 12-h+Veh; and (IX) 12-h+Mel (same as in (III) but further treated... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2263314 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2263314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2241075&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19261427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kumar P, Chaturvedi CM Present study investigates the effects of temporal synergism of 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, l-DOPA and pineal function (pinealectomy and melatonin administration) on gonadal response and nitric oxide (NO) activity in Japanese quail. 3-Week-old male quails were divided into nine groups as follows: (i) control (treated with normal saline), (ii) 8-h, (iii) 12-h (receiving l-DOPA after the administration of 5-HTP [5mg/100g body weight] at the interval of 8 and 12h, respectively, over a period of 13 days), (iv) SO (sham operated), (v) Px (pinealectomized), (vi) Veh (vehicle treated control), (vii) Mel (melatonin 25mug/100g body weight for 45 days), (viii) 12-h+Veh and (ix) 12-h+Mel (same as in (iii) but further treated with the ve... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2241075 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2241075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2241074&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19261428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sirotkin AV, Rafay J, Kotwica J, Darlak K, Valenzuela F The aim of these in vivo and in vitro studies was to examine the role of ghrelin in the control of plasma hormone concentrations, the proliferation, apoptosis and secretory activity of ovarian granulosa cells and the response of these cells to hormonal treatments. Female rabbits were injected with ghrelin (10mug/animal/day for one week before ovulation induced by 25IU PMSG and 0.25IU LHRH). On the day of ovulation, blood samples were collected and analyzed for concentrations of progesterone (P(4)), testosterone (T), estradiol (E(2)), estrone-sulphate (ES), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin (L) by RIA. Some control and ghrelin-treated animals were killed in the periovulatory period, their ovaries were weighed... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2241074 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2241074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2241073&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19261429%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rhoads RP, Fernyhough ME, Liu X, McFarland DC, Velleman SG, Hausman GJ, Dodson MV The existence of myogenic satellite cells was reported some 47 years ago, and, since that time, satellite cell research has flourished. So much new information is generated (daily) on these cells that it can be difficult for individuals to keep abreast of important issues related to their activation and proliferation, the modulation of the activity of other cell types, the differentiation of the cells to facilitate normal skeletal muscle growth and development, or to the repair of damaged myofibers. The intent of this review is to summarize new information about the extrinsic regulation of myogenic satellite cells and to provide specific mechanisms involved in altering satellite cell physiology. ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2241073 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2241073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149672&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19179037%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, groups (n=4-5) of ovariectomized ewes were maintained under natural conditions and sampled at various points across the year. Food intake, body composition and indices of metabolic function were measured prior to collection of brains for in situ hybridisation analysis. Expression of genes encoding for neuropeptide Y (NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), orexin (ORX), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and leptin receptor (ObRb) was quantified. NPY gene expression was high when food intake was also high but, across the year, changes in NPY and POMC gene expression did not correspond predictably to plasma leptin levels or leptin receptor gene expression. Negative correlation was found between adiposity (omental and whole body fat) and gene expression of MCH and ORX, suggesting ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149672 Mon, 19 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2149672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149671&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19179038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Viguié C, Picard-Hagen N, Gayrard V, Toutain PL GH secretion is increased in scrapie-diseased sheep. Although the role of the somatotropic axis as a neurotrophic and neuroprotective factor is well documented, no studies have been carried out on the mechanisms and functional significance of somatotropic perturbation in the pathophysiology of prion-associated neurodegenerative disease. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased GH secretion observed in a natural animal prion disease, scrapie, might reflect a general lack of action of IGF-1 and more particularly, a suppressed IGF-1 negative feedback. The effect of human recombinant IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) on spontaneous and GHRH-induced secretions was studied in so-called "scrapie-resistant" and "scrapie sensit... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149671 Thu, 15 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2149671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2128986&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19157767%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Haneda S, Nagaoka K, Nambo Y, Kikuchi M, Nakano Y, Matsui M, Miyake Y, Macleod JN, Imakawa K To identify factors involved in the establishment of pregnancy in the mare, endometrium was collected from day 13 (day 0=day of ovulation) cyclic and days 13, 19 and 25 pregnant animals. From initial cDNA subtraction studies, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) mRNA was found as a candidate molecule expressed uniquely in the pregnant endometrium. Expression of IL-1RN mRNA was markedly increased in days 19 and 25 gravid endometrium. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that IL-1RN mRNA was localized to the glandular epithelium. IL-1RN protein was found in the extracts of day 25 gravid endometrium, and was immunochemically localized to the glandular epithelium/luminal cavity of... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2128986 Wed, 07 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2128986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2005898&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19041802%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Teshima T, Hara Y, Takekoshi S, Nezu Y, Harada Y, Yogo T, Teramoto A, Osamura RY, Tagawa M Cushing's disease caused by pituitary corticotroph adenoma in dogs is usually treated by medical treatment, and the efficacy of this treatment has been reported. However, controversy remains as to whether reduced negative feedback through the inhibition of cortisol secretion, similar to Nelson's syndrome, may appear as an adverse effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced negative feedback through the inhibition of cortisol secretion by daily trilostane administration on the pituitary-adrenal axis in clinically normal dogs. Dogs were administered 5mg/kg trilostane twice a day every day for 8 weeks (n=8) or 16 weeks (n=3). After the initiation of trilostane... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2005898 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 10:59:00 +0100 2005898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1996392&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19036554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F, Almería S, Yániz J, Santolaria P, Serrano B, Bech-Sàbat G, Nogareda C, Sulon J, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF The aim of the present study was to investigate possible relationships between plasma concentrations of prolactin and the following factors throughout gestation in lactating dairy cows: photoperiod, season, milk production, Neospora caninum-seropositivity, twin pregnancy, and plasma concentrations of pregnancy associated glycoproteins-1 (PAG-1), progesterone and cortisol. Pregnancy was diagnosed by trans-rectal ultrasonography on Day 40 post-insemination and by palpation per rectum on Days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 or until abortion in aborting cows. Blood samples were collected from each animal immediately before e... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1996392 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1996392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1975203&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19010632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Hoek I, Lefebvre HP, Peremans K, Meyer E, Croubels S, Vandermeulen E, Kooistra H, Saunders JH, Binst D, Daminet S Hyperthyroidism can mask co-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies showed that post-treatment renal azotemia can be predicted by pre-treatment assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We hypothesized that treatment of hyperthyroidism may have different effects on glomerular and tubular function and these changes might be predicted by additional pre-treatment variables than GFR. Serum total T4 (TT4), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood pressure (BP), body weight (BW), GFR, urine specific gravity (USG), urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC) and retinol binding protein/creatinine ratio (uRBP/c) were evaluated before and 1, 4, 1... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1975203 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1975203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1960823&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19004593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sartin JL PMID: 19004593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1960823 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1960823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1914709&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18952396%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rose MT, Weekes TE, Rowlinson P The aim of this experiment was to determine if the milk yield response of dairy cows to short-term treatment with bovine somatotropin (bST) was correlated with the non-esterified fatty-acid (NEFA) response to an adrenaline challenge. Twenty-six multiparous Holstein cows (58+/-5.4 days postpartum) received daily sub-cutaneous injections of saline for 7 days followed by sub-cutaneous injections of 20mg/day of bST for 14 days. On day 7 of the saline treatment and day 14 of the bST treatment the cows were given an intravenous injection of adrenaline (1.4mug/kg body weight). Blood samples were taken before and after the adrenaline challenge. The difference in milk yield between the saline and the second week of bST treatment (MYR) varied considerably... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1914709 Sat, 18 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1914709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1859596&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18838244%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether a 27-day period of nutrition at half-maintenance during early pregnancy (up to Day 14) could alter maternal endocrine responses. Forty-six ewes were fed all or half of their maintenance requirements and slaughtered on Day 14 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy. We used real time RT-PCR to study gene expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and leptin in adipose tissue and GHR, GHR1A and of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. Blood profiles of metabolites and metabolic hormones were also determined. Throughout the experiment, underfed animals presented lower body weight and body condition, greater plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lower plasma concentrations of leptin, compared to adequately fed animals. Unde... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1859596 Sun, 21 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1859596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1834742&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18818046%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined gene expression related to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production and secretion, and the negative feedback by glucocorticoids in canine corticotroph adenoma. We used resected corticotroph adenomas from 10 dogs with Cushing's disease. In order to investigate the alteration of gene expression between corticotroph adenoma and normal corticotrophic cells, ACTH-positive cells in the anterior lobe were microdissected using a laser-capture microdissection system, and mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD) type 1 and type 2 were determined using real-time RT-PCR. POMC, CRHR1, and 11HSD2 mRNA levels ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1834742 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1834742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833264&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18815005%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: González-Morán MG, Guerra-Araiza C, Campos MG, Camacho-Arroyo I Sex steroid hormone receptors play a central role in the regulation of reproduction in male chickens. In this work, we evaluated by histomorphometric methods and Western blot analysis changes in the number of the different cell populations and in the content of sex steroid hormone receptors in testes from immature (1.5-month-old), mature (12-month-old), and aged (48-month-old) chickens. The number of Sertoli cells, germ cells, and Leydig cells per area of testicular tissue markedly changed according to chicken age. The highest number of Sertoli and Leydig cells was found in testes of immature chickens, with a dramatic decrease in those of mature chickens; however, the number of germ cells was the highest... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833264 Sat, 13 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1833264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1798217&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18790595%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duarte G, Flores JA, Malpaux B, Delgadillo JA The aim of this study was to determine whether the seasonal change in food availability provides a predictive cue that synchronizes the breeding season in goats adapted to the subtropical conditions of Northern Mexico. Groups of multiparous intact (n=7) and ovariectomized does bearing a subcutaneous implant constantly releasing estradiol-l7beta (OVX+E; n=12) were allocated in two pens and received a constant amount of feed. Another group of OVX+E does (n=10) was incorporated into a flock raised under natural grazing conditions with seasonal fluctuations in food availability. Blood samples were taken twice weekly. Ovulation of intact goats was inferred from plasma progesterone levels. In OVX+E does plasma levels of LH were measured.... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1798217 Sat, 30 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1798217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1754771&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18760890%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine whether feed deprivation also increases degradation of serum IGF-I and serum levels of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and acid-labile subunit (ALS), which inhibit IGF-I degradation and increase IGF-I retention in the blood by forming a ternary complex with IGF-I, in cattle. Five steers had free access to pasture, and another five were deprived of feed for 60h. Serum concentration of IGF-I and liver abundance of IGF-I mRNA at the end of the 60-h period were 50% and 80% lower, respectively, in feed-deprived steers than in fed steers. Less (125)I-labeled IGF-I remained intact after a 45-h incubation in sera of feed-deprived steers than in sera of fed steers, suggesting that serum IGF-I is more quickly degraded in feed-deprived animals. Serum level... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1754771 Thu, 21 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1754771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1709256&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18703307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Velazquez MA, Spicer LJ, Wathes DC Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a pivotal role in cattle fertility, acting as a monitoring signal that allows reproductive events to occur when nutritional conditions for successful reproduction are reached. However, endocrine IGF-I is not a predictor of reproductive events, but rather an indirect estimator of the suitability of the animal to achieve the reproductive event in question. Although measuring circulating IGF-I concentrations might not have any clinical application in the cattle industry, endocrine IGF-I screening will continue to be important for the study of interactions between nutrition and reproduction. In addition, endocrine IGF-I screening could be used as an ancillary test for the selection of cattle for high rep... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1709256 Fri, 08 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1709256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1700786&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18692980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Silva E, Gaivão M, Leitão S, Amaro A, Costa LL, Mateus L In the dairy cow, puerperal uterine intra-luminal concentrations of PGE(2) are related to the establishment and severity of uterine infections. Here we evaluated whether the blood concentrations of PGE(2) and the gene transcription profiles of enzymes involved in its synthesis (cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E synthase) could be used as markers of predisposition and/or presence of puerperal uterine infections. We also studied the relationship between the endocrine status and the leukocyte profiles around parturition and the transcription patterns of the genes. Finally, we have characterized the in vitro gene transcription and expression response to a challenge of LPS. Gene transcription profiles, quantified... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1700786 Sun, 03 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1700786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646050&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638660%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, long-term low-dietary protein intake increased hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucosuria and hepatic steatosis in heavy milk-fed calves, likely associated with increased insulin resistance. PMID: 18638660 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646050 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:56 +0100 1646050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646049&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramsay TG, Mitchell AD, Richards MP These experiments examined the potential roles of somatropin (pST) and IGF-I in the regulation of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and UCP3 and their regulatory proteins peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, gamma and delta using in vivo pST treatment of swine and in vitro supplementation of pST or IGF-I to adipose slices. Six, 90kg barrows were treated with recombinant pST (10mg) for 2 week while another six pigs were injected with buffer. Total RNA from outer subcutaneous adipose (OSQ) and middle subcutaneous adipose (MSQ) tissues, leaf fat, liver and longissimus (LM) was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR with quantification of transcripts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. UCP2 mRNA ab... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646049 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:53 +0100 1646049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646048&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638662%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thidarmyint H, Kuwayama H Gastric-derived peptide hormone ghrelin is known for its potent growth hormone (GH) stimulatory effects. The acyl-modification on N-terminal Ser(3) residue is reported to be important to stimulate the ghrelin receptor, GH secretagogue-receptor type1a (GHS-R1a). However, major portion of circulating ghrelin lacks in acylation, and some biological properties of des-acyl ghrelin have been reported in monogastric animals. In the present study, the responsiveness of plasma hormones and metabolites to ghrelin in steers was characterized, and role for des-acyl ghrelin in these changes was investigated. The repeated intravenous administrations of bovine ghrelin (1.0mug/kg BW) every 2h for 8h to Holstein steers significantly increased the plasma acylated ghrel... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646048 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:49 +0100 1646048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646047&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638663%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chappaz E, Albornoz MS, Campos D, Che L, Palin MF, Murphy BD, Bordignon V Recent studies have shown that factors from adipose tissue influence and regulate the reproductive system. Hormones such as leptin and resistin are now known to regulate several reproductive processes. Adiponectin is the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, and its circulating concentration is inversely related to adiposity and body mass index. Little is known about the involvement of adiponectin in reproduction. In the present study, the effect of recombinant adiponectin on the meiotic maturation and early embryo development in vitro was investigated, using porcine oocytes. Adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, were found to be expressed in porcine oocytes and cumulus cells of both sm... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646047 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:46 +0100 1646047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646046&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638664%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang X, Chen J, Liu H, Xu Y, Wang X, Xue C, Yu D, Jiang Z Evidence has shown in mouse that the p160 co-activator family, consisting of nuclear receptor co-activators 1 (NCOA1), 2 (NCOA2) and 3 (NCOA3) plays a critical role in adipogenesis. In the present study, we cloned these three porcine genes, identified their transcript variants and analyzed their expression level in relation to intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Longissimus Dorsi (LD) muscle. Both in silico cloning and PCR amplification revealed a full length cDNA sequence of 6591bp for NCOA1 (EU346671), 7628bp for NCOA2 (EU346672) and 5005bp for NCOA3 (EU346674) in pigs, respectively. Interestingly, three transcript variants were identified for the porcine NCOA1 and two for the porcine NCOA2 gene. In addition, the deduc... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646046 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:43 +0100 1646046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646045&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638665%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, immunohistochemistry, Western blots, RT-PCR, and nucleotide sequencing was utilized to demonstrate that LIF and its receptor are expressed throughout the bovine adrenal cortex. Although LIF did not modify basal cortisol release from dispersed cells isolated from the bovine adrenal zona fasciculate, this cytokine increased ACTH-stimulated release of cortisol from these cells in a manner dependent on the LIF concentration and exposure interval. In contrast, LIF in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner decreased basal and ACTH-stimulated adrenal androgen release from dispersed cells isolated from the bovine adrenal zona reticularis. Because LIF release increases during inflammatory stress and this cytokine stimulates adrenal cortisol release and inhibits adrenal a... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646045 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:39 +0100 1646045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646044&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18638666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onaga T, Sugita A, Wakaiki R, Hara I, Kagawa K, Kirisawa R, Hayashi H The present study examined localization of cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) mRNA in the muscle layer of the ovine omasum and role of CCK-R type 1 (CCK-1R) in the regulation of muscle contraction of the omasum. We demonstrated that not only CCK-R type 2 (CCK-2R) mRNA but also CCK-1R mRNA is highly expressed in the muscle layer of the ovine omasum. Application of CCK-8 to muscle strips of the greater curvature of the ovine omasum at 1-100nM induced tonic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the contractile effect of CCK-8 was inhibited by both CCK-1R antagonist lorglumide (IC(50) 2.7 and 7.9muM in the longitudinal and circular muscle, respectively) and CCK-2R antagonist PD135,158 (IC(50) 51.4mu... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646044 Wed, 23 Jul 2008 11:01:37 +0100 1646044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1639269&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18635334%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to investigate, whether IGF-I and EGF stimulate porcine myoblast growth and whether the responses are influenced by isoflavones. Satellite cell-born myoblasts derived from the semimembranosus muscle of newborn piglets were treated for 26h with IGF-I or EGF alone and in combination with genistein or daidzein. The DNA amount was measured and DNA synthesis was recorded as 6 h-[(3)H]thymidine incorporation during exponential growth in serum-free basal medium. IGF-I and EGF synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis of porcine myoblast with EGF causing a greater response. Genistein (100mumol/l) effectively reduced the growth factor-mediated DNA synthesis, which was associated with an inhibition of growth factor receptor protein expression. In response to daidzein no reduc... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1639269 Fri, 11 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1639269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1560923&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18586434%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) stimulates proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, using the bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T as a model. IGF1 significantly up- or down-regulated the expression of 155 genes in MAC-T cells. Among the most significantly suppressed was the gene for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a secretory protein that has both proliferative and apoptotic effects and is also a low-affinity binding protein of IGF1. IGF1 inhibited CTGF expression through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Administration of growth hormone (GH), a strong stimulator of IGF1 production in vivo, decreased mammary CTGF mRNA in cattle; however, GH did not affect CTGF expression in MAC-T cells, suggesting that IG... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1560923 Fri, 20 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1560923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526311&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18555636%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the study was to demonstrate the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) protein and corresponding mRNA in porcine ovarian follicles and corpora lutea obtained on day 10, 18, 32, 50, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.) using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed that ERalpha protein was located in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles and the strongest immunoreaction was observed on days 32 and 50 p.c. The ERbeta protein was found mainly in theca cells of follicles as well as in luteal cells. The most intense immunoreaction was observed on day 18 p.c. within theca cells, while in the corpus luteum (CL) the intensity of ERbeta staining gradually increased and remained elevated at mid and late pregnancy. In C... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526311 Fri, 06 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1526310&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18555637%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galbreath CW, Scholljegerdes EJ, Lardy GP, Odde KG, Wilson ME, Schroeder JW, Vonnahme KA Ovariectomized ewes (n=22; 68.76+/-2.34kg initial body weight; 2.9+/-0.1 initial body condition score) were individually fed one of three diets: (1) control (phytoestrogen-free; n=7), (2) flax containing diet (n=8), or (3) linseed meal (LSM) containing diet (n=7) to investigate the rate of progesterone (P4) clearance. On day 20 of feeding (day 0=initiation of treatment), a P4 releasing device (CIDR) was placed in the vagina and jugular blood samples were obtained prior to CIDR insertion and 15, 30, 60, and 120min following CIDR insertion. Further, blood samples were obtained daily between days 21 and 24. On day 25, blood samples were retrieved prior to CIDR removal and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1526310 Thu, 05 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1526310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1382400&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18417313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kandiel MM, Watanabe G, Li JY, Manabe N, El Azab AE, Taya K The aim of the current study was to clarify the physiological role of inhibin in controlling FSH secretion and follicular development during the early pregnancy in goats. Eight goats investigated sonographically on Days 19-21 (Day 0=day of mating) for pregnancy were assigned into control (n=3) and treated (n=5) groups. The ovaries of all animals were daily scanned with ultrasound for follicles 2mm or more in diameter from 1 day before to 5 days after treatment. On Day 25 postbreeding; animals received either 10ml, of normal goat serum or antiserum against [Tyr (30)]-inhibin alpha (1-30). Jugular blood samples were collected every 6h starting 24h before and until 120h after treatment. The plasma concentration of FSH in... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1382400 Mon, 07 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1382400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1366725&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18400449%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, with time PH led to a loss of the TSH response to low T(4) concentrations, hypersecretion of GH, and hyposecretion of PRL. The enlarged pituitaries were characterized by thyrotroph hyperplasia, large vacuolated thyroid deficiency cells, and double-staining cells, which are indicative of transdifferentiation. PMID: 18400449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1366725 Mon, 31 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1366725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1366727&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18400447%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined differences in plasma FSH, estradiol, and inhibin A concentrations, and the distribution of FSH isoforms in cows with ovulatory or atretic dominant follicles during the first postpartum follicle wave. Plasma FSH isoform distribution was examined in both groups during the period of final development of the dominant follicle by liquid phase isoelectric focusing. Cows with an ovulatory follicle had higher circulating estradiol and inhibin A concentrations, and lower plasma FSH concentrations. The distribution of FSH isoforms displayed a marked shift toward the less acidic isoforms in cows with ovulatory follicles. A higher proportion of the FSH isoforms had a pI>5.0 in cows with ovulatory follicles compared to those with atretic follicles. In addition, cows with ovulato... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1366727 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1366727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1366726&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18400448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daniel JA, Carroll JA, Keisler DH, Kojima CJ Full term crossbred sows were selected to study the interaction of the immune system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and growth in pigs born by Cesarean section (c-section; n=4 sows) or vaginal birth (n=4 sows). Gestation length and birth weight did not differ between vaginal birth and c-section pigs (P=0.34 and 0.62, respectively). Blood and tissue samples were collected from 44 pigs at birth. Forty-five pigs were weaned at 13d. On d 14, pigs received an i.p. injection of lipopolysaccaride (LPS; 150mug/kg) or saline at min 0, and blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120min. Vaginal birth pigs had 21% greater average daily gain than c-section pigs on d 14 (P<0.01). Basal serum concentratio... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1366726 Thu, 20 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1366726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1332537&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18367366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ogasawara H, Ohwada S, Nagai Y, Taketa Y, Matsuzaki M, Tanaka S, Watanabe K, Aso H, Yamaguchi T The present study was carried out to detail the cellular localization of leptin (Lep) and the leptin receptor (LepR) in the bovine adenohypophysis. Lep immunoreactivity (Lep-ir) was found in about 30% of adenohypophysial cells in the gland. Immunochemistry of Lep and specific hormones using serial sections revealed that Lep-ir was present in 60.4% of somatotrophs, 15.9% of gonadotrophs, 6.5% of mammotrophs, 6.5% of thyrotrophs and 2.4% of corticotrophs. Both the common short isoform (OBRa) and the long isoform (OBRb) of LepR mRNA were expressed in the bovine adenohypophysis. LepR immunoreactivity (LepR-ir) was found in only 2.8% of the adenohypophysial cells and over 50% of LepR-ir ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1332537 Mon, 17 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1332537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1311115&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18343625%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the porcine visfatin gene cannot be considered as a marker of fat accumulation since the highest visfatin expression levels were associated with the leaner animals. PMID: 18343625 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1311115 Thu, 06 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1311115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1270581&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18308504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muhlhausler BS, Ritorto V, Schultz C, Chatterton BE, Duffield JA, McMillen IC Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that low birth weight is associated with an increased incidence of visceral obesity and metabolic disorders in later life. In the present study, we have determined the impact of birth weight and gender on gene expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the young adult sheep. Lambs (n=19, birth weight range 2.6-7.55kg) were born at term and growth monitored for 22.4+/-0.2 weeks, when body composition was determined by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and samples of VAT and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissue collected. Plasma samples were collected at post-mortem for the determination of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and insulin concentrations. Peroxisome-... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1270581 Wed, 20 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1270581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1270582&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18308503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott CJ, Clarke IJ, Tilbrook AJ Testosterone and season influence mRNA expression for the opioid, enkephalin, in the preoptic area and hypothalamus of rams. Dynorphin is another opioid which has been shown to play a role in the control of reproductive function in females. We now report effects of season and testosterone on the expression of prodynorphin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the ram. Castrated adult Romney Marsh rams (5/group) received vehicle or testosterone propionate (i.m.) during either the 'breeding' season or 'non-breeding' season. Prodynorphin mRNA expression was quantified in the hypothalami by in situ hybridisation. Testosterone treatment increased prodynorphin mRNA expression in the supraoptic nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the breeding... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1270582 Thu, 14 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1270582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1270584&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18308501%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yuan JH, Wang JZ, Lan GC, Sui HS, Yu JN, Tan JH Expression of mRNAs encoding cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17), and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) were characterized by the RT-PCR technique and concentrations of progesterone (P4), testosterone (T0) and estradiol (E2) were measured by radioimmunoassay during follicular development of prepubertal goats. Synthesis of mRNAs encoding P450scc and P450c17 began in preantral follicles, but mRNA encoding P450arom was not detectable until early antral formation. While mRNA for P450scc was expressed in both theca and granulosa cells, mRNA for P450c17 was expressed only in theca cells while P450arom mRNA only in granulosa cells. In nonatretic follicles from prepubertal ovar... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1270584 Wed, 13 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1270584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1270583&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18308502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Relling AE, Reynolds CK The effects of specific nutrients on secretion and plasma concentrations of gut peptides (glucagon-like peptide-1((7-36)) amide (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK)) differ across species, but are not reported for cattle. Our objective was to determine acute (hours) and chronic (1 week) effects of increased abomasal supply of protein, carbohydrate, or fat to the small intestine on dry matter intake (DMI) and plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, CCK, and insulin. Four mid-lactation Holstein cows were used in a 4x4 Latin square design experiment. Treatments were 7-day abomasal infusions of water, soybean oil (500g/d), corn starch (1100g/d), or casein (800g/d). Jugular vein plasma was obtained over 7h at ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1270583 Wed, 13 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1270583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1268445&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18304776%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li LA, Xia D, Wei S, Li X, Parvizi N, Zhao RQ Previous studies demonstrated significantly lower plasma cortisol level in homozygous halothane-positive (Hal(nn)) pigs, as compared with homozygous halothane-negative (Hal(NN)) pigs. To determine whether such difference is attributed to the fundamental alterations in adrenocortical function, F1 offsprings from Pietrain (Hal(nn))xErhualian (Hal(NN)) were intercrossed to produce F(2) sibling pigs with segregated genotypes. Adrenocortical cells were isolated from the Hal(nn) and Hal(NN) F(2) pigs, respectively, and cultured with or without ACTH challenge. Cortisol levels in culture medium, as well as the content of MC2R, cAMP, CREB, phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), StAR and P450scc in adrenocortical cell lysates, were determined. Cortiso... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1268445 Mon, 04 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1268445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1219931&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18258407%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takahashi T, Kobayashi Y, Hasegawa S, Touno E, Otani Y, Haga S, Itoh F, Katoh K, Obara Y Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) play a key role in regulating energy balance, metabolic hormone secretion and food intake. Ghrelin and GH responses to dietary compositions have not yet been fully clarified, although there may be significant relationships between dietary compositions and ghrelin and GH responses. In the present study, therefore, we assessed whether dietary compositions influence postprandial plasma ghrelin and GH levels in wethers. Four wethers were respectively fed concentrate (C) or timothy hay (R) for 14 days. The levels of total digestive nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) were adjusted to be at the same level. The basal ghrelin in both groups was rapidly and signif... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1219931 Mon, 28 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1219931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1219933&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18258405%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Llewellyn S, Fitzpatrick R, Kenny DA, Patton J, Wathes DC Rapid uterine involution in the postpartum period of dairy cows is important to achieve a short interval to conception. Expression patterns for members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family were determined by in situ hybridisation at day 14+/-0.4 postpartum (n=12 cows) to investigate a potential role for IGFs in modulating uterine involution. Expression in each uterine tissue region was measured as optical density units and data were analysed according to region and horn. IGF-I mRNA was localized to the sub-epithelial stroma (SES) of inter-caruncular and caruncular endometrium. Both IGF-II and IGF-1R expression was detected in the deep endometrial stroma (DES), the caruncular stroma and myometrium. IGFBP-2, IGF... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1219933 Wed, 26 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1219933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1219932&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18258406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keator CS, Schreiber DT, Hoagland TA, McCracken JA, Milvae RA Three separate in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the putative role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) during luteal regression in heifers. In Experiment 1, a single intraluteal injection of 500mug BQ-610 [(N,N-hexamethylene) carbamoyl-Leu-d-Trp (CHO)-d-Trp], a highly specific endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor antagonist, did not diminish the decline in plasma progesterone following a single exogenous injection of 25mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF(2alpha)) administered at midcycle of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 2, six intrauterine infusions of 500mug BQ-610 given every 12h on days 16-18 delayed spontaneous luteolysis, as evidenced by an extended elevation (P=0.054) of plasma progesterone concentration. In Experiment... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1219932 Wed, 26 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1219932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1076296&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18055157%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Woods AM, Judd AM ACTH is the primary regulator of adrenal function during acute stress. However, during chronic inflammatory stress additional factors play a major role in the regulation of adrenal secretion. Many cytokines circulate in the blood and are synthesized and released from adrenal tissue. Furthermore, these peptides modify adrenal function. Recently, interleukin-4 (IL-4) was demonstrated to be released from a human adrenal tumor cell line. Therefore, we hypothesized that normal bovine adrenocortical cells could express IL-4 and that this cytokine may modify adrenal function. We determined that IL-4 and IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) are expressed in the bovine adrenal cortex whereas the expression of IL-4 and IL-4R in the adrenal medulla was not apparent. Exposure of dispe... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1076296 Tue, 20 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1076296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1076297&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18054196%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of insulin on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors. We demonstrated that in the presence of 10nM insulin, addition of 1muM of insulin or rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist) had no effect on the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR genes in differentiated porcine adipocytes. However, the addition of 1muM insulin plus 1muM rosiglitazone significantly increased the AdipoR2 mRNA in differentiated porcine adipocytes. Using the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002), we found that insulin inhibited the expression of AdipoR2 through the PI3K pathway and this inhibition was blocked by addition of rosiglitazone. When porcine adipocytes were cultured without ins... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1076297 Thu, 01 Nov 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1076297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1041488&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18023131%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li M, Liang CG, Xiong B, Xu BZ, Lin SL, Hou Y, Chen DY, Schatten H, Sun QY Previous studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) has the ability to promote in vitro cultured porcine oocyte maturation. However, little is known about the detailed downstream events in EGF-induced meiotic resumption. We designed this study to determine the relationship of EGF, EGFR, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), MAPK, and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during oocyte maturation. Our results showed that GVBD in cumulus-enclosed oocytes (CEOs) but not in denuded oocytes (DOs) was induced by EGF in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated that cumulus cells but not oocyte itself were the main target for EGF-induced meiotic resumption. Furthermore, we found that MAPK in cumulu... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1041488 Tue, 30 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1041488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1041487&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18023320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ponglowhapan S, Church DB, Khalid M Receptors for LH (LHR) and FSH (FSHR) are expressed in the canine lower urinary tract (LUT). As gonadectomy results in an increase in plasma LH and FSH, the objective of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in the expression of LHR and FSHR in the LUT between intact and gonadectomised dogs. Four regions of the LUT, i.e. body and neck of the bladder as well as proximal and distal urethra, were collected from 20 healthy dogs (5 intact males, 5 intact anoestrous females, 4 castrated males and 6 spayed females). The mRNA and protein expression of receptors was determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and assessed semi-quantitatively incorporating both the distribution and the intensity ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1041487 Fri, 26 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1041487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1007316&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17980539%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of elevated preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on uterine pH following a fixed-time AI protocol. Cows were synchronized with the CO-Synch (n=57) protocol, and 29 cows were treated with an injection of estradiol cypionate (ECP; 1mg) 36h before the second injection of GnRH. Cows that exhibited standing estrus or were treated with ECP had increased (P<0.05) concentrations of estradiol compared to cows not in estrus and not administered ECP, respectively. There was an ECP by standing estrus interaction on uterine pH (P=0.01). Control cows that exhibited estrus had a reduced uterine pH (6.72+/-0.10; P=0.05) compared to control cows not exhibiting estrus (7.0+/-0.06). Cows treated with ECP and detected in standing estrus had a g... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1007316 Tue, 16 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1007316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1001664&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17976947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hashizume T, Shida R, Suzuki S, Kasuya E, Kuwayama H, Suzuki H, Oláh M, Nagy GM We have recently demonstrated that salsolinol (SAL), a dopamine (DA)-derived compound, is present in the posterior pituitary gland and is able to stimulate the release of prolactin (PRL) in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect that the interaction of SAL with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or DA has on the secretion of PRL in ruminants. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL (5mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), TRH (1mug/kg b.w.), and SAL plus TRH significantly stimulated the release of PRL in goats (P<0.05). The cumulative response curve (area under the curve: AUC) during 120min was 1.53 and 1.47 times greater after the injection of SAL plus TRH than either ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1001664 Mon, 15 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 1001664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=974289&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17949938%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we report the development and validation of an IRMA and an ELISA for FPI. This novel assay is useful to elucidate FPI secretion and can be used similar to a C-petide assay to evaluate residual beta cell function in cats. PMID: 17949938 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=974289 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 974289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=921767&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17904783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Renquist BJ, Calvert CC, Adams BM, Adams TE The influence of dietary restriction on the negative feedback potency of 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) was evaluated in both castrated male (wethers) and female sheep (OVX ewes) during the breeding season. In study 1, OVX ewes received maintenance or restricted dietary energy for 7 weeks or maintenance energy for 6 weeks prior to a 5 day fast (n=12ewes/feeding group). Estradiol (0.31mug E(2)/50kg/h) or vehicle (10% EtOH-saline) was continuously infused into half the animals in each dietary treatment for the final 54h of the study. The dynamic pattern of LH secretion was assessed during the final 6h of infusion. Estradiol inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse amplitude independent of nutrition (P=0.02); fasting increased mean LH, LH pea... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=921767 Wed, 12 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 921767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=911910&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17897805%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the hypothesis that irreversible glucose loss results in an 'uncoupling' of the somatotrophic axis (increasing plasma GH levels and decreasing plasma IGF-I) was tested. During periods of negative energy balance the somatotrophic axis respond by increasing plasma GH and decreasing plasma IGF-I levels. In turn, elevated GH repartitions nutrient by increasing lipolysis and protein synthesis, and decreases protein degradation. Irreversible glucose loss was induced using sub-cutaneous injections of phloridizin. Seven non-lactating cows were treated with 8g/day phloridizin (PHZ) and seven control animals (CTRL, 0g/day), while being restricted to a diet of 80% maintenance. PHZ treatment increased urinary glucose excretion (P<0.001), resulting in hypoglycemia (P<0.001). As a re... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=911910 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 911910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=870458&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17851017%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zeugswetter F, Hoyer MT, Pagitz M, Benesch T, Hittmair KM, Thalhammer JG Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of the hypothalamic peptide vasopressin and binds to specific pituitary vasopressin (V(3)) receptors. The V(3)-receptor is overexpressed in pituitary corticotrope tumors and the injection of desmopressin induces a marked ACTH and cortisol release in human patients with pituitary- (PDH), but not adrenal tumor (AT) dependent hyperadrenocorticism. In this prospective study, we investigated the effects of desmopressin on serum cortisol levels in 80 dogs suspected of Cushing's syndrome. The aim was to find a sensitive and specific test to exclude AT. According to standard tests the dogs were divided into 3 groups (group 1=other disease, n=27; group 2=PDH, n=46; group 3=AT, ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=870458 Mon, 27 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 870458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=870457&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17851018%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiwari A, Singh D, Kumar OS, Sharma MK The cytochrome P450 aromatase (aromP450) deficient mice are infertile due to an impairment of spermatogenesis associated with a decrease in sperm motility and inability to fertilize oocytes. The sperm analysis showed decreased sperm motility in humans, having Cyp19 gene mutations. Further, in human, it was hypothesized that aromatase could be used as marker of sperm quality, particularly in the acquisition of its motility. However, there is no information regarding the expression of aromP450 in spermatozoa of farm animals including cattle and buffalo. In the present study, the expression of aromP450 in ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa and its relationship with sperm motility of ejaculated spermatozoa was studied by RT-PCR using total RNA is... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=870457 Mon, 20 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 870457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=861871&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17826024%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we tested the hypothesis that less efficient sheep are more responsive to exogenous administration of adrenocorticotropin hormone. This was done by firstly determining the appropriate dose (0.4, 1.6 or 6.4mug/kg LW) and peak serum cortisol response time (45min) to exogenous administration of adrenocorticotropin hormone in a pilot study (n=3 sheep). Following this, adrenocorticotropin hormone (2.0mug/kg LW) stimulated cortisol levels were measured in a larger group of sheep (n=50) of known feed efficiency (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake values). Less efficient sheep (more positive residual feed intake values) were found to have a greater (P<0.001) increase in cortisol concentration in comparison to more efficient animals. Those sheep which had higher levels... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=861871 Fri, 17 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 861871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=838863&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17764867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spicer LJ, Bossis I, Wettemann RP The effect of plasma from cyclic versus nutritionally induced anovulatory beef heifers was evaluated on proliferation of bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Granulosa cells were obtained from small (1-5mm) follicles of cattle and cultured for 4 days. During the last 2 days of culture, cells were exposed to medium containing 0, 1 or 10% plasma from cyclic or anovulatory heifers in the presence or absence of IGF-I (100ng/ml). Cell numbers were determined. Regardless of source, increasing percentage of plasma to culture medium increased cell numbers. However, the plasma-induced increase was greater in granulosa cells exposed to cyclic heifer plasma versus anovulatory heifer plasma. In addition, concomitant treatment with IGF-I dramatically improved ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=838863 Wed, 15 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 838863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=790592&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17683895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoenig M, Caffall Z, Ferguson DC The effect of a 2-week administration of 75mug triiodothyronine (T3) on substrate oxidation, heat production, non-esterified fatty acids, and leptin was evaluated in eight lean (three females and five males) and eight obese (five females and three males) age-matched adult neutered cats. In addition, using real-time RT-PCR, expression of muscle and adipose tissue uncoupling proteins (UCP2 and UCP3), deiodinase 1 and 2 (D1; D2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma and peroxisome-proliferator-activator receptor-gamma co-activator 1alpha (PGC1) was examined. Compared to lean cats, obese cats had increased NEFA, leptin, UCP2, and D1mRNA in muscle and UCP3mRNA levels in fat, but lower heat production, and fat PPARs a... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=790592 Thu, 05 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 790592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=738951&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17629654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shiraishi JI, Yanagita K, Fujita M, Bungo T Growing evidence suggests that insulin interacts with both orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides in the brain for the control of feeding behavior in mammals. However, the action of central insulin in chicks has not yet been identified. In the present study, we investigated the effects of central injection of insulin on feeding behavior in chicks. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of insulin, at doses that do not influence peripheral glucose levels, significantly inhibited food intake in chicks. Central injection of insulin in chicks significantly increased expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, and decreased that of neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA. Finally, co-injection of the melanocortin antagonist (SHU9119 or HS014) p... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=738951 Mon, 02 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 738951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=658990&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17544240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hanson JM, Mol JA, Leegwater PA, Bilodeau S, Drouin J, Meij BP Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs is caused by a pituitary corticotroph adenoma. Although PDH is a common disorder in dogs, little is known about the underlying pathogenesis. In the pituitary glands of humans and mice, the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cell lineages, the corticotrophs and melanotrophs, have a specific marker in common, the T-box transcription factor Tpit (Tbx19), which is obligate for POMC expression. Tpit also regulates the late differentiation of the corticotrophs and melanotrophs, and therefore may contribute to the pathogenesis of the corticotroph adenomas. The aim of this study was to perform an expression and mutation analysis of Tpit in the normal canine pituita... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=658990 Wed, 06 Jun 2007 01:46:07 +0100 658990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580620&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16647832%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P(4)) (5 ng/ml or 1 microg/ml) or estradiol 17beta (E(2)beta) (50 pg/ml or 1 microg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase; (iii) and their relationship to microvascular density in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle. NOS expression was also evaluated in the myometrium. Expression of endothelial and inducible forms of NOS in the uterus was assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Vascular density in endometrial tissue was determined on histologic sections. In the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase, endometrial NO production increased without exogenous hormones and with exogenou... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580620 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580619&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16650710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaiya H, Saito ES, Tachibana T, Furuse M, Kangawa K This is a test-report of ghrelin levels in plasma and proventriculus, the glandular portion of the avian stomach, by using a specific radioimmunoassay for acylated ghrelin, as well as the expression of the ghrelin gene in the proventriculus after a 12-h fasting period followed by a 6-h feeding period with 6-day-old layer chicks. After fasting, the plasma ghrelin levels increased from 21.3+/-4.5 to 32.9+/-5.0 fmol/ml, but once refed it returned to the control value. After fasting, the ghrelin mRNA and the peptide levels in the proventriculus increased, and ghrelin mRNA levels remained high but once refed the ghrelin content returned to the control level. Furthermore, in order to examine the effect of increased circulating ghre... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580619 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580616&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16687234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoenig M, Thomaseth K, Waldron M, Ferguson DC Simultaneous application of the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and indirect calorimetry was used to examine heat production, fat, and glucose metabolism in lean and obese adult neutered male and female cats. The results show that in lean insulin-sensitive cats glucose oxidation predominated during fasting, whereas lipid oxidation became more prominent in obese cats. Insulin infusion during the EHC in lean cats and obese male cats led to a large increase in glucose oxidation, glycogenesis, and lipogenesis. It also led to an increase in glucose oxidation and glycogenesis in obese female cats but it was significantly less compared to lean cats and obese males. This indicates that obese females show greater metabolic inflexibi... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580616 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580613&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16698221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA The effect of a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) during mid-diestrus on systemic concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, and cortisol and on blood flow to the corpus luteum was studied in 10 controls and 10 PGF-treated mares. Blood flow was assessed by estimating the percentage of corpus luteum with color-Doppler signals of blood flow during real-time scanning of the entire structure and by the diameter of the vascular pedicle near its attachment to the ovary. Treatment was done 8 days after ovulation and 0 h was immediately before the treatment. Examinations and collection of blood samples were done at 0 h, every 5 min until 1h, and then at 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The concentrations of estradiol d... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580613 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580612&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16698222%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we show that GH dramatically inhibits the expression of IGFBP-5, and GH along with IGF-I enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt through the reduction of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5. To determine how GH affects Akt through IGF-I in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), we examined the phosphorylation of Akt in GH treated BMECs and found that IGF-I induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly enhanced by the treatment with GH. We demonstrated that GH reduces mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-5 in BMECs, but it does not affect the expression of IGFBP-3. To determine that the enhanced effect of the Akt phosphorylation by the treatment of GH is due to the inhibition of the expression of IGFBP-5, we examined the effect of IGFBP-3 and -5 on the phosphorylation of Akt throu... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580612 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580610&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16713166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berlinguer F, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Succu S, Leoni G, Mossa F, Bebbere D, Ariznavarreta C, Tresguerres JA, Veiga-Lopez A, Naitana S Previous research has reported evidence for negative effects of progestagens on follicular growth and oocyte competence. In the present study, negative effects of progestagens on follicular growth and oocyte developmental competence were assessed. During the breeding season, 20 Sarda ewes were treated with two doses of cloprostenol, 10 days apart, to assure the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). On day 5 after the second cloprostenol dose, 10 ewes were treated with a progestagen sponge while 10 females remained untreated. Starting on day 7 after the second cloprostenol dose, all the ewes were treated with 6 equal doses of 24 I.U. of FSH (Ovagen, ICP, ... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580610 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580593&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16857339%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have prepared an affinity-purified porcine-specific polyclonal antiserum to AQP9 and have investigated the distribution and expression of AQP9 in pig liver tissue and in hepatocytes in primary culture. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that AQP9 was primarily localized in the membrane structures of hepatocytes and was not associated with intrahepatic bile ducts or blood vessels. Western blot analysis indicated that AQP9 ranged in apparent molecular mass between 27 and 38 kD in whole liver and hepatocyte membrane fractions; minor components were also observed at approximately 34 kD in the cytosol compartment of hepatocytes, bile duct and gall bladder. A prominent immunoreactive band at 44 kD was shown to be an artifact of Western blot analysis. In primary cultures of porc... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580593 Tue, 01 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580626&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16531001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Dunn IC, Sharp PJ, Boswell T In mammals, alternative splicing of the leptin receptor (LEPR) produces several C-terminal truncated isoforms that are believed to play a role in the transport, cellular internalisation and degradation of the hormone leptin. The chicken leptin receptor (chLEPR) is similar to its mammalian counterparts in terms of its intron/exon structure and conserved motifs. However, it is unknown whether the chLEPR also undergoes alternative splicing. To test this, structural analysis of intron 19 of the chLEPR, equivalent to the intron in which alternative splicing occurs in mammals, was combined with 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3'-RACE) to search for chLEPR splice variants. A 44-amino acid alternative exon 20 was identified that is spliced to g... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580626 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580625&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16564666%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we demonstrate that reduced fetal muscle development is associated with an increased expression of several genes of the insulin-like growth factor system in small fetuses in mid to late gestation. PMID: 16564666 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Domestic Animal Endocrinology) Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580625 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580622&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16621422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shimizu T, Tetsuka M, Miyamoto A, Uchida T A peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, Pin 1, has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the involvement of Pin 1 during follicular development is not well understood. The aim of this study was first to investigate the expression of Pin 1 mRNA in the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle at different developmental stages of follicles in the bovine ovary, and second, to examine the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) on the expression of Pin 1 in the cultured bovine granulosa cells. Follicles were classified into four groups based on the diameter (dominant follicles >8.5mm in diameter, subordinate follicles <8.5mm in diameter) and the relat... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580622 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580621&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16626919%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the reproductive endocrine profile under natural and artificial photoperiods in Magang goose ganders. Group 1 ganders (n=8) served as non-treated controls and were exposed to natural photoperiod throughout the experiment from 13th January to 17th December 2004. Group 2 ganders (n=8) were exposed to 18 h long daily photoperiod for 60 days from 13 January till 15 March 2004 and again to 16 h photoperiod for 75 days till 10th October 2004, and the 11h short photoperiod in the remainder periods of the experiment. In control ganders, plasma LH concentrations were high in normal breeding seasons (August-March) and decreased to low levels in non-breeding season from April to July. Testosterone concentrations changed similarly to that of LH throughout the seasons. Seasonal patt... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580621 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580617&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16677794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ocón-Grove OM, Maddineni S, Hendricks GL, Elkin RG, Proudman JA, Ramachandran R Female mutant restricted ovulator (RO) chickens of the White Leghorn strain carry a naturally occurring single nucleotide mutation in the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) gene. Due to this mutation, RO hens fail to express a functional VLDLR protein on the oocyte membrane, which results in an impaired uptake of circulating yolk precursor macromolecules. Mutant RO hens subsequently develop hyperlipidemia and generally fail to lay eggs due to follicular atresia. Since RO hens also reportedly have three-fold higher basal plasma estrogen concentrations, combined with four-fold lower levels of circulating progesterone as compared to wild-type (WT) hens, we hypothesized that RO hens would h... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580617 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580607&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16766157%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, an 8 bp indel polymorphism in exon 1 of the chicken Ghrelin (cGHRL) gene was genotyped in a F(2) designed full-sib population to analyze its associations with chicken growth and carcass traits. Later, mRNA level in the proventriculus was determined by real-time PCR to reveal the expression feature of cGHRL gene. Result showed that this 8 bp indel was significantly associated with body weight at the age of 28 days (BW28) and 56 days (BW56), eviscerated weight (EW) and leg muscle weight (LMW) (P<0.05), highly significantly associated with hatch weight (HW), BW14, 21, 35, 42, 49, 90 and body length (BL), dressed weight (DW), eviscerated weight with giblet (EWG), wing weight (WW), breast muscle weight (BMW) and head and neck weight (HNW) (P<0.01). Meanwhile, A allele (with... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580607 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580598&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16806791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JY, Uzuka Y, Tanabe S, Sarashina T, Suzuki H, Sato M Canine thyroglobulin (cTg) is one of the thyroid autoantigens associated with hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroiditis in dog. To identify canine-specific areas in cTg, we cloned, by reverse transcriptase PCR, and sequenced the complete cDNA of cTg. It revealed an open reading frame of 8289 nucleotides, which encode a polypeptide of 2762 amino acids that is 78.9 and 78.1% identical to bovine and human thyroglobulin, respectively. This complete cTg sequence may be useful to promote the understanding of the primary structure of cTg and, it will be informative data in the further search about antigenic epitopes associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and pathogenesis of cTg-associated thyroid diseases in dog. PMID... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580598 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=580594&cid=s_35523_15_f&fid=35523&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16857338%26dopt%3DAbstract We reported here the cloning and characterization of porcine visfatin, its three alternate splicing variants. Sequence analysis indicated that variant 1 is the predominant form among species, which contains an open reading frame of 1473 bp encoding a 52-kDa protein of 491 amino acids. While the other two variants were predicted to encode two 3' truncated proteins due to early termination. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences deduced from variant 1 were conservative across species. The porcine visfatin gene was composed of 11 exons at least and had exactly the same exon/intron structure as the human orthologs. Nested PCR showed that variants 1 and 3 were ubiquitously expressed in porcine tissues and that variant 2 was expressed in most tissues examined with exception of testis and liver.... Domestic Animal Endocrinology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=580594 Sun, 01 Apr 2007 04:00:00 +0100 580594