MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Drug and Alcohol Dependence' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 12:26:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606288&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003826%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Varenicline appears to decrease cocaine use and reward, suggesting that further investigation of varenicline may be warranted. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606288 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606287&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003711%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This study identified cognitive deficits in cannabis users even in the absence of axis-I disorders and a history of using other illicit drugs. Future work should use longitudinal designs to track whether these deficits predate cannabis use or are due to its consumption. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606287 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606286&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003814%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A comprehensive framework relating early onset problem behaviors to young adult substance disorders will require the integration of both generality and specificity hypotheses, and a developmental orientation focused on the unfolding of mediating and moderating processes. Early screening of multiple, rather than single, early onset problems is also discussed. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606286 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606285&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003802%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The modified Stroop task is preferable to the visual probe task as a measure of substance-related cognitive bias, on the basis of its psychometric properties. Studies using cognitive bias tasks should not assume they are reliable, and should routinely report reliability estimates where possible. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606285 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606284&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003796%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Extending results of previous studies involving non-drug stimuli, the present study showed that extinguished cocaine cues can enhance cocaine seeking when compounded with other cocaine cues. These results illustrate the persistence of drug cues in controlling behavior despite extinction and highlight the need for developing treatments that eliminate this residual energizing capacity that survives extinction. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606284 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606283&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003735%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Problematic drinking is associated with increased all-cause mortality in elderly Koreas, particularly when it is heavy and/or combined with binge drinking. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606283 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606282&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003759%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Brief advice for smoking patients has not been sufficiently integrated in routine care. Computer-based interventions emerged as a time saving option that might help to exhaust the potential population impact of the general practice setting.Method: 151 practices were randomly assigned to one of three intervention programs consisting in the delivery of: (1) brief advice by the practitioner; (2) individually tailored computer-generated letters; or (3) a combination of both interventions. We assessed three dimensions of population impact: (1) adoption, i.e., the rate of practices participating in the program; (2) reach, measured as the number of interventions provided within 7 months; (3) effectiveness, measured as smoking abstinence at 12-months follow-up.Results: Among ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606282 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606281&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003760%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Within-race analyses indicated that there were clear race differences in the long-term patterns of alcohol use; regular marijuana use patterns were more similar. Extended follow ups are needed to examine differences and similarities in maturation processes for African-American and White males. For both races, prevention and intervention efforts are necessary into young adulthood. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606281 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606280&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003784%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In Lebanon, as in Western cultures, a considerable proportion of youth may be self-medicating. The absence of medical supervision coupled with motivations such as “to get high” renders this issue a high priority on the national youth agenda. Besides larger more comprehensive surveys, the findings signal the immediate need to reinforce relevant policies, and raise awareness among youth, parents, health professionals and other stakeholders. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606280 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606279&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003723%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The results suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of TCE are fairly selectively mediated by positive modulation of GABAA receptors. The failure of gaboxadol to substitute and the poor substitution by zaleplon suggests that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors as well as GABAA receptors containing alpha1 subunits and are not involved in transducing the discriminative stimulus of TCE. Studies with additional GABAA benzodiazepine-site positive modulators will be necessary to confirm and extend these findings. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606279 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606278&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003590%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These findings add to the literature on BPD–SUD co-occurrence, suggesting that the presence of co-occurring BPD among male SUD patients may increase the risk for dropout from residential substance abuse treatment, necessitating targeted interventions focused on decreasing dropout within this patient subgroup. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606278 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606277&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003589%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These data show that METH self-administration is reduced by exercise if initiated from the start of self-administration and that prior METH self-administration experience interferes with the value of exercise as a reinforcer. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606277 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606276&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003553%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These findings suggest that hypoactivation of the inhibition circuit is a shared neural mechanism in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. As such, they support the reclassification of pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction in DSM-V. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606276 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606275&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003747%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: While utilization of formal treatment may yield similar benefits for blacks and whites, AA utilization may be more important for maintaining abstinence among whites than blacks. Future research should investigate racial differences in social network drinking patterns and religious reinforcement of sobriety, and the role these may play in AA outcomes. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606275 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606274&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100353X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The most impaired clients were less likely to be referred to treatment from the justice system, and the differences in drug and alcohol offenders show the need to tailor approaches with education and treatment programs. More attention should be given to the needs of drivers impaired through use of prescription drugs such as the opiates and sedatives, as well as female drivers, and the role of acculturation should be recognized in programs for Hispanic drivers. In addition, specific programs should be targeted to young cannabis abusers and underage offenders. All first-time DUI arrestees should be assessed for their levels of impairment. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606274 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606273&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study evaluated whether maternal smoking cessation would reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in school-aged children.Methods: Women completed an online survey that included items about child scholastic performance and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Mothers were divided based on pre-pregnancy and pregnancy smoking status into: (1) Nonsmokers (N=320); (2) Women that smoked in the 3 months preceding and throughout pregnancy (Smokers, N=83); and (3) Smoking before, but not during pregnancy (Quitters, N=72).Results: The Smokers and Quitters groups each had lower education and incomes compared to Nonsmokers but were indistinguishable from each other on these measures. The offspring of Smokers were more likely (p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606273 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606272&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These data indicate that long-term access to a running wheel decreases drug-primed and cue-induced reinstatement, and that physical activity may be effective at preventing relapse in substance-abusing populations. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606272 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606271&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Differences between the short- and long-abstinence groups in the patterns of functional recruitment suggest different cognitive control demands at different stages in abstinence. Short-term abstinence showed increased inhibition-related dorsolateral and inferior frontal activity indicative of the need for increased inhibitory control while long-term abstinence showed increased error-related ACC activity indicative of heightened behavioral monitoring. The results suggest that the integrity of prefrontal systems that underlie cognitive control functions may be an important characteristic of successful long-term abstinence. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606271 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606270&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003565%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Happiness has become established as an important psychological dimension and not merely the obverse of depression and anxiety. Ex-smokers report that they are happier than when they were smoking but this could reflect biased recall. To date, no studies have examined happiness as a function of smoking status in ex-smokers of varying length of abstinence compared with current and never smokers.Methods: A cross-sectional household study of a nationally representative sample of adults examined the association between smoking status (never smoker, smoker, ex-smoker (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606270 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606269&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003474%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study assessed the effectiveness of a six month organizational change intervention, Addressing Tobacco Through Organizational Change (ATTOC), to improve how programs address tobacco dependence.Methods: The ATTOC intervention, implemented in three residential treatment programs, included consultation, staff training, policy development, leadership support and access to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) medication. Program staff and clients were surveyed at pre- and post-intervention, and at 6 month follow-up. The staff survey measured knowledge of the hazards of smoking, attitudes about and barriers to treating smoking, counselor self-efficacy in providing such services, and practices used to address tobacco. The client survey measured knowledge, attitudes, and tobacco-related service... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606269 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606268&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study describes the application of RDS to recruit a community sample (N=396) of young adults (18–23 years old) into a natural history study of non-medical pharmaceutical opioid use. Since recruitment targeted non-dependent pharmaceutical opioid users, and applied other eligibility restrictions, several modifications had to be made to make RDS work with this narrowly defined target population. RDS recruitment was less efficient than expected, and produced greater numbers of African American recruits than anticipated. Although the sampling quota was met, sample analysis revealed a lack of equilibrium in terms of ethnic composition and very strong in-group recruitment tendencies among White and African American respondents. This study contributes potentially helpful insights into the s... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606268 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606267&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003772%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The BQDS has good internal consistency and construct validity, and was proved to have optimal reliability and criterion validity in this special sample. Further investigation is suggested in different samples such as the general population or oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients to test the generalization of this instrument. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606267 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606266&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003541%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: RMC is an effective method of monitoring and re-intervening with chronic substance users and is associated with improved long-term outcomes. A subgroup of people for whom RMC did not appear to be “enough,” signals a need to explore more intensive models to address chronicity. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606266 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606265&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: MDMA increases core body temperature and thermal stress in humans. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606265 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5606264&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871612000129%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5606264 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 17:46:52 +0100 5606264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535877&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The proposed measure is a promising step towards the successful capture of the long-term cognitive features of craving for cocaine via self-report, and should represent a useful tool for clinical and research use. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535877 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:12:11 +0100 5535877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535876&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003358%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our findings point to the urgency of incorporating substance use prevention and treatment into current HIV prevention activities in Asia, which must use a harm reduction approach and galvanize dignity. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535876 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:12:07 +0100 5535876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535875&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003334%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Adolescent cigarette smokers may have more daily variability in their smoking patterns than adults. A better understanding of teen smoking patterns can inform the development of more effective adolescent smoking cessation interventions.Methods: Teen smokers seeking cessation treatment (N=366) reported the number of cigarettes smoked on each day of a typical week. A paired t-test was used to examine differences between weekday (Sunday–Thursday) and weekend (Friday–Saturday) smoking. Main effects and interactions for race/ethnicity and gender were assessed using a 2-way ANOVA for the following variables: typical weekly smoking, average weekday smoking, average weekend smoking, and difference between weekday and weekend smoking. Scheffé post hoc tests were used to a... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535875 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:12:03 +0100 5535875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535874&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Participants exhibited a diverse profile of use patterns as is typical for other drugs of abuse. There was evidence that users continued to seek and use these drugs after being banned by local authorities. This study should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations. Controlled laboratory research is needed to further examine the behavioral pharmacology of individual synthetic cannabinoids found in Spice products. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535874 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:12:00 +0100 5535874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535873&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003140%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These results support previous findings that females are more susceptible to stimulant abuse compared to males, and ALLO effectively reduced METH-primed reinstatement in females. Further, results illustrate the utility of MOD as a potential agent for prevention of relapse to METH use in both males and females. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535873 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:56 +0100 5535873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535872&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This is the first study that we are aware of that has shown that carisoprodol and oxycodone, two drugs that are sometimes co-prescribed for relief of pain, produce effects when administered “together” (i.e., separated by 60min) that are of greater magnitude than when they are administered alone. Some of the effects were not benign, and are of concern from both abuse liability and public safety standpoints. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535872 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:54 +0100 5535872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535871&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002778%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Recruitment method may impact sample composition and treatment effects. Replication of this finding would have important implications for substance use disorder efficacy trials which often utilize advertising to recruit participants. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535871 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:51 +0100 5535871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535870&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002717%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The ALDH2 polymorphism, but not the DRD2, was associated with heroin dependence. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535870 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:47 +0100 5535870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535869&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003449%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occurs in adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the impact of MDD on substance treatment and ADHD outcomes and implications for clinical practice are unclear.Methods: Adolescents (n=303; ages 13–18) meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and SUD were randomized to osmotic release methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) or placebo and 16 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Adolescents with (n=38) and without (n=265) MDD were compared on baseline demographic and clinical characteristics as well as non-nicotine substance use and ADHD treatment outcomes.Results: Adolescents with MDD reported more non-nicotine substance use days at baseline and continued using more thro... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535869 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:43 +0100 5535869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535868&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: One HF-rTMS stimulation session applied to the right DLPFC had no significant effects on alcohol craving in alcohol dependent patients. One such session could have been too short to alter alcohol craving in a sample of alcohol dependent patients. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535868 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:37 +0100 5535868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535867&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The CC intervention appeared to have its effect on survival to first cigarette smoked by delaying the first offer to smoke. Preventive interventions focused on refusal skills during the middle school years may be necessary to reduce the likelihood of the transition to smoking once offered. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535867 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:32 +0100 5535867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535866&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003425%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our questionnaire results suggest that while smokers who have high NRSOE self-report greater overall levels of negative affect and craving, while the psychophysiological data suggest that such smokers may experience negative affect reduction when blindly administered a dose of nicotine. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535866 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:28 +0100 5535866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535865&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The increases in diversion and abuse measures indicate the need to take active attempts to curb diversion and abuse as well as continuous monitoring and surveillance of all buprenorphine products. However, these increases parallel the increased number of tablets sold. Finding a balance of risk/benefit (i.e. diversion and abuse versus expanded treatment) remains a challenge. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535865 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:24 +0100 5535865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535864&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003395%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions The study provides novel evidence that expectations of smoking reward facilitate smoking uptake among depressed adolescents. Smoking reward expectations may identify depressed adolescents at risk of smoking. Addressing alternative ways to meet the reward expectations rather than smoking may be an important component to consider in the preventing smoking and promoting smoking cessation among adolescents with elevated depression symptoms. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535864 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:19 +0100 5535864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535863&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003462%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: The impact of adherence enhancing interventions on the relationship between active drug use and adherence is largely unknown.Methods: We conducted a 24-week randomized controlled trial of antiretroviral directly observed therapy (DOT) vs. treatment as usual (TAU) among HIV-infected methadone patients. Our outcome measure was pill count antiretroviral adherence, and our major independent variables were treatment arm (DOT vs. TAU) and active drug use (opiates, cocaine, or both opiates and cocaine). We defined any drug use as ≥1 positive urine toxicology result, and frequent drug use as ≥50% tested urines positive. We used mixed-effects linear models to evaluate associations between adherence and drug use, and included a treatment arm-by-drug use interaction term to ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535863 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:13 +0100 5535863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535862&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Persons at high risk for overdose are likely to witness more overdoses. Persons who had witnessed more overdoses were more likely to report taking ineffective action at the last overdose witnessed. Individuals who have witnessed many overdoses are likely key targets of overdose response training. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535862 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:10 +0100 5535862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535861&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003346%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: Laboratory studies in which drugs of abuse are self- or experimenter-administered to non-treatment-seeking research volunteers provide valuable data about new pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders, as well as behavioral and performance data for understanding the neurobiology of drug abuse. This paper analyzed follow-up data from six smoked cocaine self-administration laboratory studies, in order to determine whether changes in substance use occurred 1 and 3 months after study participation compared to pre-study baseline.Methods: Ninety-eight healthy, non-treatment-seeking cocaine users were admitted to inpatient and combined inpatient/outpatient studies lasting from 12 to 105 days. The studies allowed participants to self-administer repeated doses of smoked coc... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535861 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:05 +0100 5535861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535860&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003322%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Results suggest the central importance of major interpersonal SLEs in risk among adults with AUD, a novel finding, and documents that SLEs may lead to suicide attempts within a short window of time (i.e., same day), a daunting challenge to prevention efforts. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535860 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:11:01 +0100 5535860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535859&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100336X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The large training gaps found in this study give rise to concerns regarding the integrity with which CBT, MI, CM, and BSFT are being delivered by counselors in private US substance abuse treatment centers. Future research should examine the generalizability of our findings to other types of treatment centers (e.g., public) and to the implementation of other EBPs. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535859 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:55 +0100 5535859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535858&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003310%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Trying new drugs following U.S. deportation may be related to the unique contexts and stressors experienced by drug-abusing migrants as they attempt to reestablish their lives in Mexico. Findings imply an unmet need for health and social programs to alleviate pre- and post-deportation stressors faced by undocumented and return migrants in the U.S.-Mexico context. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535858 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:51 +0100 5535858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535857&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Although these data suggest that modafinil, plus group behavioral therapy, was not effective for decreasing methamphetamine use, the study is probably inconclusive because of inadequate compliance with taking medication. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535857 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:45 +0100 5535857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535856&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003127%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The 18-item material resource scale demonstrated reliability and validity among drug users. These data provide a different view of poverty, one that details specific challenges faced by low-income communities. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535856 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:40 +0100 5535856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535855&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: ATS users had more sex partners, high level of alcohol use, and were at increased risk of STI. Our findings underscore ATS use as an important emerging risk exposure that should be integrated into HIV prevention interventions targeting this population. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535855 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:35 +0100 5535855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535854&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Health care workers in KZN should be aware that pregnant women who drink are likely to do so at a level that is dangerous for their babies. Some factors associated with drinking indicate social/environmental influences that need to be counteracted by greater dissemination of information about the dangers of drinking, and greater support for abstinence or moderation. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535854 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:29 +0100 5535854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535853&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The broad suppressive changes seen in plasma of SIV-infected monkeys likely reflect reduced multisystem immune homeostatic responses induced by opiates. Such occur as a consequence of complex cell-to-cell interactions operative between the virus and the host. We conclude that such changes in plasma proteomic profiling may be underappreciated and as such supports the need for improved clinical definitions. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535853 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:25 +0100 5535853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535852&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003061%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These results highlight the need for further investigations of the interactions between depression and NUPM, particularly to evaluate potential causal relationships. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535852 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:23 +0100 5535852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535851&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Despite marked differences in the relative severity of specific ND symptoms in each group, common instrumentation of ND can apply to adults and adolescents. The results increase confidence in the ability to describe phenotypic heterogeneity in ND across important developmental periods. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535851 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:18 +0100 5535851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535850&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100305X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it might be important in the treatment of opiate dependence to address the consumption of additional substances and to closely monitor the negative effects of maintenance treatment on cognitive functioning. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535850 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:13 +0100 5535850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535849&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Heroin craving and illicit heroin use were significantly associated and both strongly decreased in HAT but not in MMT. Craving was not related to multi-domain treatment response and illicit heroin use was marginally related to treatment response in MMT, but not in HAT. The latter was probably due to the strong reduction in illicit heroin use in most patients in HAT and the small sample size of the sub-study. It is hypothesized that the strong reductions in craving for heroin in HAT are related to the stable availability of prescribed, pharmaceutical grade heroin. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535849 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:10 +0100 5535849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535848&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: To test whether trazodone, one of the most commonly prescribed medications for treatment of insomnia, improves subjective and/or objective sleep among methadone-maintained persons with sleep complaints, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 6-month follow-up.Methods: From eight methadone maintenance programs in the northeastern United States, we recruited 137 persons receiving methadone for at least 1 month who reported a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of six or higher. Two-night home polysomnography (PSG) was completed at baseline and 1 month later, with morning surveys and urine drug toxicologies. Interviews assessed sleep over the past 30 days at baseline and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups.Results: Participants averaged... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535848 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:07 +0100 5535848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535847&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: JSW group participants did not have higher rates of employment/training than SC controls. Rates of job acquisition were modest for both groups, suggesting more intensive interventions may be needed. Alternate targets (e.g., enhancing patient motivation, training in job-specific skills) warrant further study as well. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535847 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:05 +0100 5535847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535846&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003012%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Long-term adherence to XR-NTX in unemployed opiate dependent adults is low under usual care conditions. Employment-based reinforcement can maintain adherence to XR-NTX. Ongoing cocaine use appears to interfere with the clinical effectiveness of XR-NTX on opiate use. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535846 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:10:01 +0100 5535846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535845&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003000%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Reported prior MDMA use was associated with deficits in BOLD intraregional coherence and inter-regional functional connectivity, even among functionally robust pathways involving motor regions. This suggests that MDMA use is associated with long-lasting effects on brain neurophysiology beyond the cognitive domain. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535845 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:57 +0100 5535845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535844&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002766%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These data provide evidence that meth/amphetamine users have above-normal risk for developing PD. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535844 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:53 +0100 5535844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535843&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100278X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These findings suggest that providing IDU with greater access to private indoor space may reduce one component of drug-related street disorder. Low-threshold supportive housing based on the ‘housing first’ model that include safeguards to manage behaviors associated with illicit drug use appear to offer important opportunities to create the types of private spaces that could support a reduction in street disorder. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535843 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:51 +0100 5535843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535842&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002742%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: States that legalized medical marijuana had higher rates of marijuana use. Future research needs to examine whether the association is causal, or is due to an underlying common cause, such as community norms supportive of the legalization of medical marijuana and of marijuana use. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535842 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:49 +0100 5535842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535841&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002754%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: To test the initial feasibility of a novel 22-week comprehensive intervention pairing behavioral treatment with naltrexone that aimed at engaging, retaining, and treating opioid-injecting men in the Republic of Georgia.Methods: Forty opioid-injecting male and their drug-free female partners participated in a two-group randomized clinical trial at the field site of the Union Alternative Georgia, in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. The comprehensive intervention that paired behavioral treatment with naltrexone for the male participants (n=20) included counseling sessions using Motivational Interviewing for both the male participant and the couple, monetary incentives for drug abstinence, and research-supported detoxification followed by naltrexone treatment. Male participa... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535841 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:45 +0100 5535841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535840&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002729%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our finding suggests that nicotine-dependent smokers lacking the rs16969968 A allele are more likely to recall smoking-related memories and engage in habitual responding to smoking cues than A allele smokers. Although more studies are necessary to determine the mechanism underlying and significance of this cue reactivity difference, these data suggest that smokers may develop and remain nicotine dependent due to different factors including genetics and cue reactivity. This finding may have implications for personalizing smoking treatment. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535840 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:41 +0100 5535840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535839&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002730%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Existing smokers showed reduced performance on RWPMT when compared to the never smoked group and previous smokers. Real-world PM impairments should be added to a growing list of neuropsychological sequelae associated with persistent smoking. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535839 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:39 +0100 5535839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5535838&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611005321%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5535838 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 06:09:38 +0100 5535838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467318&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002572%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The overall tobacco consumption was higher than expected for an African country with scarce economic resources, mostly due to traditional forms of consumption. The gender and regional specific patterns of consumption identified in Mozambique may contribute to the development of culturally adapted and locally grounded actions for tobacco control, and stress the need of locale-specific surveillance data and public health action in this field. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467318 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:53 +0100 5467318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467317&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002523%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These findings indicate DMN deficits and could potentially add to our understanding of the effects of chronic cocaine use on cerebral functions in cocaine dependence. Work to further clarify potential changes in functional connectivity and gray matter volume is warranted to understand the relevance of DMN to the pathology of cocaine misuse. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467317 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:53 +0100 5467317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467316&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002559%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In women, the effect of depressive symptomatology on tobacco use was moderated by the amount of attention that women paid to those symptoms. Such a moderating effect of attention was not observed in men. We recommend that smoking cessation programs incorporate interventions designed specifically for women, in particular to help them manage depressive symptomatology. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467316 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:53 +0100 5467316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467315&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Women, but not men, of different races acted differently in mixed-race, mixed-gender cocaine treatment groups, with African American women exhibiting less of several behaviors. Additional research on causes and consequences of these differences could inform interventions for drug-dependent women. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467315 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467314&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Associations between impulsivity, substance use problems and polymorphisms in NRXN3 may be gender specific. Impulsivity is associated with substance use problems and may provide a useful intermediate phenotype for addiction. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467314 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467313&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003450%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This paper was based on a secondary analysis of Wave 1 and Wave 2 data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). For our analyses, we defined the sample as those individuals who: (a) met criteria for an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) within the 12 months prior to their Wave 1 interview, (b) reported no prior lifetime AUD treatment at Wave 1, and (c) were re-interviewed at Wave 2. The study examined the prevalence and predictors of report of AUD treatment in the interval of time between Wave 1 and Wave 2. We recently became aware that NESARC participants were only asked about receipt of AUD treatment at Wave 2 if they reported at least some level of alcohol use between Waves 1 and 2. As a result, participants in our sample who met our ‘a’, ‘b’ ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467313 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467312&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The publisher regrets that in the above mentioned article the Author Disclosure section was omitted. The statements can now be found below. This research was funded by NIDA grants T32DA007292 (P.I.: Dr. Latimer), R21DA020667 (P.I.: Dr. Martins) and RO3DA023434 (P.I.: Dr. Martins). The NIDA had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467312 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467311&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611004662%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467311 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467310&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611004388%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467310 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467309&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002961%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: DM-CocE does not display significant drug interactions, with the exception of diazepam, which may warrant further study as DM-CocE progresses towards a clinically used pharmacotherapy for cocaine toxicity. Alternate benzodiazepines, e.g., midazolam could be used to avoid this potential interaction. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467309 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:52 +0100 5467309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467308&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examines the hypothesis that abnormalities in neural activation during inhibition in early adolescence may predict subsequent substance involvement.Methods: Thirty eight adolescents from local area middle schools, ages 12–14, with very limited histories of substance use, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they performed a go/no-go task of response inhibition and response selection. Adolescents and their parents were then followed annually with interviews covering substance use and other behaviors. Based on follow-up data, youth were classified as transitioning to heavy use of alcohol (TU; n=21), or as healthy controls (CON; n=17).Results: At baseline, prior to the onset of use, youth who later transitioned into heavy use of alcohol showed significantly l... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467308 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467307&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100295X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The altered age-appropriate levels of ACC CHO and poorer executive function in male methamphetamine users suggest methamphetamine abuse may interfere with brain maturation. These periadolescents did not have the abnormal neuronal markers previously reported in adult methamphetamine users, suggesting that neuronal abnormalities may be the result of long-term use or interference in normal cortical maturation, emphasizing the need for early intervention for young methamphetamine users. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467307 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467306&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002985%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Encouraging intranasal use as an alternative to injection among persons currently injecting drugs may be a viable strategy for reducing HCV transmission. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467306 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467305&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002675%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These data suggest that frequent marijuana smokers may benefit from smoking cessation interventions, even when marijuana use is not explicitly discussed. These individuals do not show any more difficulty than other cigarette smokers in making efforts to reduce tobacco smoking and in fact, make meaningful changes in marijuana use and heavy drinking. Future clinical trials should examine whether smoking cessation treatment that addresses both marijuana and tobacco smoking leads to substantial reductions in marijuana use. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467305 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467304&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002699%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that methamphetamine use during alprazolam XR treatment would not pose a significant safety risk. Given the potential of GABAA positive modulators to manage certain aspects of stimulant abuse and dependence (i.e., drug-induced seizures, anxiety and stress), but the relatively small impact on the acute abuse-related effects of methamphetamine observed here, additional research with GABAA positive modulators is warranted, but should consider their use as an adjunct component of combination behavioral and/or drug treatment. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467304 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467303&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002705%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This result is consistent with both an extended excretion half-life and a pattern of use that is more evenly balanced across all days of the week. Comprehensive investigation in to the scale and kinetics of drug flow in a sewage stream can therefore provide valuable information, not only in terms of the volume of drug consumed, but also in terms of identifying differing usage-patterns over daily and weekly time-scales. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467303 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:51 +0100 5467303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467302&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of both methadone and buprenorphine when used with opioid dependent men transitioning from prison to the community, but no studies have been conducted with women in the criminal justice (CJ) system. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of buprenorphine for relapse prevention among opioid dependent women in the CJ system transitioning back to the community.Methods: 36 women under CJ supervision were recruited from an inpatient drug treatment facility that treats CJ individuals returning back to the community. Nine were enrolled in an open label buprenorphine arm then 27 were randomized to buprenorphine (n=15) or placebo (n=12; double-blind). All women completed baseline measures and started study medication prior t... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467302 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:50 +0100 5467302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467301&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002687%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims to identify modifiable behavioral correlates both chronic HCV infection and increases in viral load over time among injection drug users (IDUs).Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using self-interview and serological data from a prospective cohort study (2002–2006) among young (age 18–35), HIV-negative, HCV therapy-naïve IDUs (n=113) from metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, USA.Results: After adjustment for age, gender and race/ethnicity, using drugs measured or mixed in someone else's syringe (odds ratio=2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 6.7) was associated with chronic (n=75, 66%) versus resolved (n=38, 34%) HCV infection status. Among chronically-infected IDUs, injecting with a new, sterile syringe infrequently ( (Source: Drug and Alcohol ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467301 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:49 +0100 5467301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467300&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100264X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Aim: To identify factors associated with severe femoral vein (FV) damage among groin injectors (GIs) on oral opioid substitution treatment.Design: A cohort study.Setting: Drug treatment centres in South East England.Participants: GIs attending an ultrasound ‘health-check’ clinic.Measures: Femoral ultrasonography and clinical grading of venous disease in each leg.Method: Comparison of 67 GIs with severely damaged FV and 86 GIs with minimal/moderate damage.Findings: The majority were men (69.3%) and the mean age was 36.2 years with mean duration of injecting drug use (IDU) of 13.3 years. There were no significant between-group differences in age, gender or duration of IDU. Severe FV damage was associated with longer duration of groin injecting (GI; P (Source: Drug and Alcohol D... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467300 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:49 +0100 5467300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5467299&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611004960%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5467299 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 06:57:49 +0100 5467299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357281&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002456%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Thus, the efficacy of memantine 30 or 60mg/day as an adjunct to oral naltrexone for the treatment of opiate dependence was not supported. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357281 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357280&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Culturally competent practice is broadly acknowledged to be an important strategy to increase the quality of services for racial/ethnic minorities in substance abuse treatment. However, few empirically derived measures of organizational cultural competence exist, and relatively little is known about how these measures affect treatment outcomes.Method: Using a nationally representative sample of outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) programs, this study used item response theory to create two measures of cultural competence—organizational practices and managers’ culturally sensitive beliefs—and examined their relationship to client wait time and retention using Poisson regression modeling.Results: The most common and precisely measured organizational practi... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357280 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357279&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevention of NIC withdrawal signs by BAC could be related to changes in dopaminergic and serotonergic activity. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357279 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357278&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002237%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The prescription drugs regulated in the most restrictive controlled substance schedule for those with an approved therapeutic use vary widely in their real world risk of abuse and harm. Opioid analgesics have the highest rates of abuse, overdose death, drug abuse treatment needs and societal costs in comparison to other Schedule II drugs. Stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) account for substantially lower rates of abuse, harm, and public health impact. The scheduling of drugs is determined by the World Health Organization, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and other regulatory agencies, through a quasi-public process that relies heavily on pre-marketing studies that are conducted in highly controlled clinical settings. We propose that it ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357278 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357277&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003528%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357277 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357276&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003966%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357276 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357275&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611003954%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357275 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357274&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002602%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: At a time when collaboration with police may become requisite for SEPs to receive federal funding, most program managers in the US perceive police trainings as a key to improved SEP-police relations. Robust evaluation is needed to better understand the impact of these trainings on law enforcement practices, SEP operations, and community health. Such research will inform technical assistance, policy design, and resource allocation. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357274 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357273&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002614%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Field methodologies offer a unique opportunity to collect ecologically valid data on alcohol use and its associated problems within natural drinking environments. However, limitations in follow-up data collection methods have left unanswered questions regarding the psychometric properties of field-based measures. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the reliability of self-report data collected in a naturally occurring environment – as indexed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) – compared to self-report data obtained through an innovative web-based follow-up procedure. Individuals recruited outside of bars (N=170; mean age=21; range 18–32) provided a BAC sample and completed a self-administered survey packet that included the AUDIT. BAC feedback... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357273 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357272&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002560%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report on the injecting and sexual behavior of a sample of IDUs from Malindi, Kenya.Methods: A Priority for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) study was conducted from April to May 2010 to identify areas where HIV transmission is most likely to occur and specific venues where people meet new sexual partners. Community informants (n=202) listed 157 unique venues from which 29 were randomly selected using a systematic fixed interval sampling strategy with probability of selection proportional to venue size. Twenty patrons and four workers were interviewed at each venue. Drug use practices were elicited in a staff-administered interview.Results: Between 40% and 50% of IDUs reported needle-sharing, taking drugs from a common reservoir, using a ready-made solution without boiling, and not ex... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357272 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357271&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002225%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use is a growing public health concern in many settings around the world. While some physical and mental health effects associated with injection MA use have been well described, little is known about the relationship between injecting MA and suicidal behavior. We sought to determine whether MA injection was associated with an increased risk of attempting suicide among a prospective cohort of injection drug users (IDUs) in Vancouver, Canada.Methods: Between 2001 and 2008, eligible participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS) completed semi-annual questionnaires that elicited information regarding sociodemographics, drug use patterns, and mental health problems including suicidal behavior. We used Cox proportional hazar... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357271 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357270&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002249%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: NicAlert strips appear to be a valid measure of determining smoking status among pregnant smokers although not of absolute cotinine concentration. With minimal training and equipment required, NicAlert strips provide a potentially practical method for using urine cotinine to verify smoking status in community treatment settings. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357270 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357269&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002663%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Rates of treatment seeking for cannabis are increasing, and relapse is common. Management of cannabis withdrawal is an important intervention point. No psychometrically sound measure for cannabis withdrawal exists, and as a result treatment developments cannot be optimally targeted. The aim is to develop and test the psychometrics of the Cannabis Withdrawal Scale and use it to explore predictors of cannabis withdrawal.Methods: A volunteer sample of 49 dependent cannabis users provided daily scores on the Cannabis Withdrawal Scale during a baseline week and 2 weeks of abstinence.Results: Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.91), test–retest stability (average intra-class correlation=0.95) and content validity analysis show that the Cannabis Withdrawal Scale has e... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357269 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357268&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002651%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Our results suggest peripheral endothelial dysfunction in patients during acute alcohol withdrawal. No major influence of treatment was observed. Future studies need to address the relation of EF to cardiac morbidity during alcohol withdrawal. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357268 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357267&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002584%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The present findings indicate that suicide and overdose are connected yet distinct problems. Individuals who have had a history of both may be a group with particularly poor psychological functioning as well as more severe drug-related problems. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357267 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357266&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002626%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: BZ misuse is widespread among multidrug users in the club scene, who also exhibit high levels of other health and social problems. BZ dependence appears to be more prevalent in this sample than in other populations described in the literature. Recommendations for intervention and additional research are described. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357266 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357265&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002638%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Benzodiazepine (BZD) misuse in opioid-maintained patients is widespread and has been related to poorer treatment success. Associated factors, in particular, traumatic childhood experiences, have not been investigated extensively.Methods: Cross-sectional survey including the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and clinical data among 193 patients prescribed oral opioids or injectable diacetylmorphine for opioid dependence.Results: BZD use was prevalent (61%) and the burden of childhood traumatic experiences was high with 67% reporting at least one trauma subscore of moderate-to-severe level. In univariate analysis, CTQ-subcategories “emotional abuse” (p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357265 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357264&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002547%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The results suggest that the increased and reduced site-specific cancer risks are counterbalanced, resulting in the absence of the expected excess cancer risk for the entire cohort. The reduced risks for colorectal and breast cancers suggest a protective effect of MMT, warranting further investigation. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357264 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357263&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100250X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These data lend support to the idea that cAMP signaling system contribute to the hyperactivity induced by developmental alcohol exposure and provide evidence for the potential therapeutic use of vinpocetine in FASD. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357263 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357262&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002535%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This initial trial of mindfulness training may confer benefits greater than those associated with current standard treatments for smoking cessation. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357262 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357261&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100247X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The current study indicates that MDFT and CBT are equally effective in reducing cannabis use and delinquent behavior in adolescents with a cannabis use disorder in The Netherlands. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357261 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357260&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Robust process evaluation in different treatment systems is needed to define the active components of CM for implementation. Involvement of service users in this process is essential and is likely to provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of CM and its effectiveness and uptake within complex treatment systems. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357260 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357259&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002213%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Noise stress has opposite motivational and physiological effects in men with problem gambling vs. alcohol use disorder. A homeostatic process may explain the impact of stress in problem gamblers. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357259 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357258&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002250%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Though conclusions are limited by the moderate doses of cocaine, ethanol, and disulfiram tested, the data do suggest that the risks of the moderate use of cocaine and ethanol in individuals treated with moderate doses of disulfiram (≤250mg/d) may not be as problematic as some may assume. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357258 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357257&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002201%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Study findings suggest that mood and anxiety disorders are associated with increased prevalence of substance use and increased transition from use to CA and CD, while schizophrenia is associated with increased transition from abstinence to use, especially for marijuana. Findings did not support the self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357257 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357256&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002195%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Previous research in South Africa revealed very high rates of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), of 46–89 per 1000 among young children. Maternal and child data from studies in this community summarize the multiple predictors of FAS and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS).Method: Sequential regression was employed to examine influences on child physical characteristics and dysmorphology from four categories of maternal traits: physical, demographic, childbearing, and drinking. Then, a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to predict influences on child physical characteristics.Results: Individual sequential regressions revealed that maternal drinking measures were the most powerful predictors of a child's physical anomalies (R2=.30, p (Source: Drug and Alcoho... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357256 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357255&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The TLI can identify persons with high versus low transmissible SUD risk, worse prognosis of SUD recovery and to whom extant SUD clinical trials results may not generalize. Recreating TLI scores in extant datasets facilitates etiology and applied research on the full range of transmissible SUD risk in development, treatment and recovery without obtaining new samples. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357255 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357254&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002596%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The data reviewed here suggest taper duration is associated with opioid abstinence achieved during detoxification but not with other markers of treatment outcome. The reviewed studies varied widely on several parameters (e.g., frequency of urinalysis testing, provision of ancillary medications) that may influence treatment outcome and thus could have interfered with the ability to identify relationships between taper duration and outcomes. Future studies evaluating opioid detoxification should utilize rigorous experimental methods and report a wider range of outcome measures in order to help advance our understanding of the association between taper duration and treatment outcomes. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357254 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5357253&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611004534%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5357253 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 01:47:16 +0100 5357253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295315&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100192X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: Results from the study suggest that PBS may have value in alcohol-related interventions among college students. Clinicians who help clients increase their use of PBS may help those clients increase the probability of drinking less and experiencing fewer alcohol-related problems in the future. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295315 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:20 +0100 5295315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295314&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001724%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Some MA-abusing individuals treated with SSRIs have sustained craving with an increased propensity to relapse during treatment despite psychosocial treatment interventions. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295314 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:20 +0100 5295314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295313&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001670%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: We showed recently that elevated brain levels of the chemokine stromal cell-derived growth factor-1α (SDF-1α/CXCL12, a ligand for the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] co-receptor CXCR4) diminish the antinociceptive effect of morphine, but failed to influence buprenorphine-induced antinociception.Aims: Because the HIV-1 coat protein, glycoprotein 120 (gp120) T-tropic strain, binds to the same receptor as SDF-1α/CXCL12, the present experiments were designed to investigate the consequence of administering gp120 to rat brain on buprenorphine-induced antinociception in the 54°C hot plate test. For comparative purposes, the effect of gp120 on an equi-antinociceptive dose of methadone was also examined.Methods: A sterilized stainless-steel C313G guide cannula was impla... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295313 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:20 +0100 5295313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295312&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001554%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Given the robust relationship between risk taking and dropout in the present study, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task may represent a valuable tool for researchers to predict who will drop out of clinical trials for comorbid bipolar and substance use disorders. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295312 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:20 +0100 5295312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295311&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001608%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Diversion of medical marijuana is common among adolescents in substance treatment. These data support a relationship between medical marijuana exposure and marijuana availability, social norms, frequency of use, substance-related problems and general problems among teens in substance treatment. Adolescent substance treatment should address the impact of medical marijuana on treatment outcomes. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295311 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:20 +0100 5295311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295310&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001487%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The present demonstration that ceftriaxone attenuates amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization suggests its documented efficacy against adverse cocaine and morphine effects extends to amphetamine. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295310 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295309&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001505%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Gender-related differences exist in the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine; differences in body composition appear to have a major impact; differences in CYPA-dependent metabolism may also contribute. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295309 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295308&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001499%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: MI may be a useful treatment for incarcerated adolescents in order to reduce risks and consequences associated with substance use after release. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295308 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295307&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100130X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between gestational cannabis use and childhood attention problems and aggressive behavior.Methods: Using a large general population birth cohort, we examined the associations between parental prenatal cannabis and tobacco use and childhood behavior problems at 18 months measured using the Child Behavior Checklist in N=4077 children. Substance use was measured in early pregnancy.Results: Linear regression analyses demonstrated that gestational exposure to cannabis is associated with behavioral problems in early childhood but only in girls and only in the area of increased aggressive behavior (B=2.02; 95% CI: 0.30–3.73; p=0.02) and attention problems (B=1.04; 95% CI: 0.46–1.62; p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295307 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295306&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002171%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Wastewater analysis can provide estimates of illicit drug (ID) consumption in local communities.Methods: We used repeated raw wastewater analysis in urban wastewater treatment plants to estimate loads of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and cannabis consumed daily by the inhabitants of two cities in Northern Italy, Milan and Como, from 2005 to 2009.Results: Daily cocaine loads did not change in Milan from 2005 to 2008 but fell 45% in 2009 (ANOVA, p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295306 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295305&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002183%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: Intensity of drug use and acquisition method were predictive of dealing cessation. Willingness to cease dealing was associated with a range of risky drug-related activities. Interventions to reduce drug dealing should be conceived in tandem with addiction treatment strategies. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295305 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295304&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002146%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The findings indicate that approximately one in seven prescribed users had diverted their controlled medications in their lifetimes. Being approached to divert medications and substance use are more prevalent among adolescents who diverted their controlled medications. Careful assessments, diligent prescribing and monitoring of controlled medications, and continual patient education could be useful in reducing medication diversion. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295304 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295303&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002122%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Results support the utility of the proposed approach. Ways in which this approach might contribute to future molecular genetic studies are discussed. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295303 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:19 +0100 5295303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295302&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002134%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These data suggest that parental drug use is independently associated with having drug-using networks in adulthood. Interventions that target parents and caregivers and that promote drug cessation could impede risky network formation in both adolescents and adults. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295302 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295301&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002158%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the relationship between drug use and sex work patterns and sex work income earned among street-based female sex workers (FSWs) in Vancouver, Canada.Methods: We used data from a sample of 129 FSWs who used drugs in a prospective cohort (2007–2008), for a total of 210 observations. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression using generalized estimating equations was used to model the relationship between explanatory factors and sex work income. Sex work income was log-transformed to account for skewed data.Results: The median age of the sample at first visit was 37 years (interquartile range[IQR]: 30–43), with 46.5% identifying as Caucasian, 48.1% as Aboriginal and 5.4% as another visible minority. The median weekly sex work income and amount spent on drugs wa... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295301 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295300&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100216X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The DRI provides useful identification of DUI recidivists in a sample able to capture only the most rapid DUI recidivists. The results of this research warrant further examination of the DRI's ability to identify DUI recidivists using longer intervals of time between DUI arrests. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295300 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295299&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002109%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The results suggest that the combination of acamprosate and IBT is not more effective than treatment with either IBT or acamprosate alone. However, the two acamprosate conditions differed in success rate by about 10%, which might constitute a clinically relevant though statistically non-significant effect. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295299 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295298&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Results may guide future randomized controlled trials of treatments for cannabis use disorders in the collection of relevant end-of-treatment outcomes and encourage consistency in the reporting of outcomes across trials. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295298 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295297&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002079%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Although several states have adopted policies diverting individuals convicted of non-violent drug offenses to substance use treatment, in lieu of incarceration or as a condition of probation, previous research has produced inconsistent findings on the effectiveness of such programs when comparing outcomes for legally coerced individuals to more voluntary entrants. Less studied in these populations is within group variation in treatment expectations and motivation influences, which have been shown to affect retention as well.Methods: As motivation has traditionally been viewed as contributing to treatment retention and higher levels of hope (the perception that goals can be met) are viewed as an asset in treatment, the role of these factors in predicting better retenti... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295297 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295296&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002080%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Results support the efficacy of CM for alcohol use reductions and the feasibility of using transdermal monitoring of alcohol use for clinical purposes. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295296 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:18 +0100 5295296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295295&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002110%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Drug users in clinical samples have elevated mortality compared with the general population, but little is known about mortality among users of drugs within the general population.Aim: To determine whether self-reported use of illicit drugs and non-prescribed sedatives/hypnotics among young men in the general population is related to mortality.Methods: A 35-year follow-up of 48024 Swedish men, born 1949–1951 and conscripted in 1969/1970, among whom drug use was reported by 8767 subjects. Cross-record linkage was effected between individual data from the Swedish conscription and other national registers. Deaths and causes of death/1000 person-years were calculated. Cox PH regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for death with 95% confidence intervals (95%... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295295 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295294&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611002092%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The present study illustrates differences in the course of transition from alcohol initiation to the development of dependence by race/ethnicity but not sex. Our findings highlight the need for additional study of factors resulting in race/ethnicity differences in order to inform culturally relevant prevention and intervention initiatives. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295294 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295293&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001918%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These findings suggest that the NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors at the NAc is involved in morphine-induced rewarding effect and may not be through directly interacting with dopamine neurons. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295293 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295292&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001888%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Aims: To compare abrupt and gradual smoking cessation.Design and setting: Randomized trial and observational study, Internet, 2007–2010.Participants: Smokers with no strong preference for abrupt or gradual quitting were randomly assigned to quitting immediately (n=472), or to gradually reducing their cigarette consumption over 2 weeks and then quit (n=502). Smokers who strongly preferred to quit abruptly were instructed to do so immediately (n=2456), those who strongly preferred gradual were instructed to reduce their cigarette consumption over 2 weeks, then quit (n=1801). Follow-up was conducted 4 weeks after target quit dates.Findings: Those who preferred abrupt quitting were the most motivated to quit and the most confident in their ability to quit. At follow-up, quit rates ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295292 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295291&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100189X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These results provide preclinical evidence showing that while different drugs of abuse affect different components of social interaction, the neuronal adaptations related to drug dependence can be critically and specifically influenced by group exposure. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295291 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295290&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001906%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Individual differences in caffeine reinforcement predicted subsequent subjective response to both d-amphetamine and caffeine. This observation may have clinical utility for identifying individuals who are vulnerable to the reinforcing effects of abused psychomotor stimulants. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295290 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295289&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001712%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study applied a stage-of-change model to examine the motivational profiles of clients seeking methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in China.Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a total of 179 clients from six MMT clinics. The University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) scale was used to measure the participants’ motivation and readiness to change. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the sample into subgroups with respect to their change dimensions.Results: The study sample was allocated into five distinct clusters: uninvolved, denial, pre-participation, ambivalent, and participation. Participants who were classified in the denial cluster were older than those in the pre-participation and participation clusters. A higher level of motivation to change wa... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295289 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295288&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001700%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: This series of studies examines the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions between buprenorphine, an opioid partial agonist increasingly used in treatment of opioid dependence, and rifampin, a medication used as a first line treatment for tuberculosis; or rifabutin, an alternative antituberculosis medication.Methods: Opioid-dependent individuals on stable doses of buprenorphine/naloxone underwent two, 24-h blood sampling studies: (1) for buprenorphine pharmacokinetics and (2) following 15 days of rifampin 600mg daily or rifabutin 300mg daily for buprenorphine and rifampin or rifabutin pharmacokinetics.Results: Rifampin administration produced significant reduction in plasma buprenorphine concentrations (70% reduction in mean area under the curve (AUC); p= (Sourc... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295288 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295287&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001682%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Mental health problems and riskier personal networks are associated with homeless men's substance use. These findings underscore the importance of interventions that focus on improving mental health, mitigating the drug-using norms of personal networks, and helping men to maintain contact with normative, low-risk alters. Mental health care and peer-based, network interventions to reduce substance use should be a priority for heterosexually active homeless men. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295287 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:17 +0100 5295287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295286&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001669%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study was to measure serum nicotine levels and ad libitum smoking behavior for 24+2h using the CReSS micro topography device in 75 smokers with schizophrenia (SCZ) and compare these to 86 control smokers (CON) without mental illness. Mean values of repeatedly measured topography variables were compared using three-level nested linear models to adjust for between subject differences and the double nested data.Results: Smokers with SCZ smoked more cigarettes in the 24h period and took an average of 2.8 more puffs per cigarette than CON (p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295286 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295285&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001694%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examines drugged driving and riding with a drugged driver in a college student sample, in terms of prevalence, age-related trends, race/sex differences, overlap with drunk driving, and risk for alcohol and marijuana dependence.Methods: Students (N=1194) ages 19–22 were interviewed annually for 3years about past-year frequency of drugged driving, riding with a drugged/drunk driver, drunk driving, access to a car, and alcohol/drug dependence. Annual follow-up rates were excellent (88–91%). Repeated measures analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE).Results: One in six (17%wt) 19-year-olds with access to a car drove drugged in the past year; prevalence remained stable through age 22. Drugged driving was more prevalent among males (p (Source: Drug and ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295285 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295284&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001633%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Boys with serious conduct and substance problems (Antisocial Substance Dependence (ASD)) repeatedly make impulsive and risky decisions in spite of possible negative consequences. Because prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in planning behavior in accord with prior rewards and punishments, structural abnormalities in PFC could contribute to a person's propensity to make risky decisions.Methods: We acquired high-resolution structural images of 25 male ASD patients (ages 14–18 years) and 19 controls of similar ages using a 3T MR system. We conducted whole-brain voxel-based morphometric analysis (p (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295284 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295283&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001645%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These results suggest that discriminative stimulus properties of psychostimulants can be evaluated using the CTA paradigm. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295283 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295282&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001657%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Age crossover for current smoking appears among whites and African-Americans. Efforts targeted toward improving educational levels of young people would have the strongest impact in decreasing persistent smoking, especially among African-Americans. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295282 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295281&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0376871611001578%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The present results suggest nicotine elicits mammalian-like effects in planarians, including decreased motility and increased stereotypy following acute administration and abstinence-induced withdrawal, behavioral sensitization, tolerance, and place conditioning during repeated exposure. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence) Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295281 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:16 +0100 5295281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5295280&cid=s_35524_2_f&fid=35524&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugandalcoholdependence.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS037687161100158X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: These studies compared the diversion and injection of buprenorphine-naloxone (BNX), buprenorphine (BPN) and methadone (MET) in Australia.Methods: Surveys were conducted with regular injecting drug users (IDUs) (2004–2009, N=881–943), opioid substitution treatment (OST) clients (2008, N=440) and authorised OST prescribers (2007, N=291). Key outcome measures include the unsanctioned removal of supervised doses, diversion, injection, motivations, drug liking and street price. Levels of injection among IDUs were adjusted for background availability of medications. Doses not taken as directed by OST clients were adjusted by total number of daily doses dispensed.Results: Among regular IDUs, levels of injection were lower for BNX relative to BPN, but comparable to those ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5295280 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 15:01:15 +0100 5295280