MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'EcoHealth' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 11:29:32 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642598&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy4134327k1376411%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssuePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-012-0738-x Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642598 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:32:45 +0100 5642598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5591170&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7w0h7112175q5q70%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0732-8Authors Margot W. Parkes, Canada Research Chair in Health, Ecosystems & Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5591170 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:41:02 +0100 5591170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5591171&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnr74674510124258%2F Abstract  From the mid-1980s, we recorded a significant increase in urinary schistosomiasis infection rate and transmission among inhabitants of lakeshore communities in the southern part of Lake Malaŵi, particularly on Nankumba peninsula in Mangochi District. We suggested that the increase was due to over-fishing, which reduced the density of snail-eating fishes, thereby allowing schistosome intermediate host snails to increase to higher densities. In this article, we collected data to test this hypothesis. The density of both Bulinus nyassanus, the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, and Melanoides spp. was negatively related to density of Trematocranus placodon, the most common of the snail-eating fishes in the shallow water of Lake Malaŵi. Both these snails ar... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5591171 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 06:41:01 +0100 5591171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556256&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F058620r2l311h484%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory About the CoverPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0733-7Authors Sara E. Howard, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, USAPeter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556256 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 06:53:50 +0100 5556256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519782&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx61298827j31178j%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0728-4Authors Colin D. Butler, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Building 62, Mills Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519782 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 06:45:06 +0100 5519782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519783&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff7356hq4013616j6%2F Abstract  Ranaviruses are an emerging threat for many amphibian populations, yet their distribution in amphibian communities and the association of infection with possible stressors and species is not fully understood due to historically sparse surveillance. Agricultural practices that reduce the water quality of amphibian breeding habitats (e.g., cattle access to wetlands) and environmental stressors (e.g., lower temperatures) may contribute to ranavirus emergence. We tested larval amphibians for ranavirus infection across four seasons in farm ponds (n = 40) located in Tennessee, USA. Cattle at various densities were allowed access to half of the sampled ponds. Ranavirus infections were detected in nine species and in 33 of the sampled ponds (83%), illustrating wi... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519783 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:53:55 +0100 5519783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519784&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F744l423702j55840%2F Abstract  Habitat loss and modifications affect biodiversity, potentially contributing to outbreaks of infectious diseases. We evaluated if the patch sizeinfragmented areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil influences the diversity of forest birds and consequently the prevalence of ticks on birds and the rickettsial infection of these ticks. During 2 years, we collected ticks from birds in 12 sites: four small forest patches (80–140 ha), four large ones (480–1,850 ha), and four forest control areas within the much larger Morro do Diabo State Park (~36,000 ha). A total of 1,725 birds were captured (81 species, 24 families), from which 223 birds were infested by 2,339 ticks of the genus Amblyomma, mostly by the species A. nodosum. Bird diversity and ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519784 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:53:54 +0100 5519784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519785&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe115wu22x64551j4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0735-5Authors Colin D. Butler, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Building 62, Mills Rd, Canberra, ACT 0200, AustraliaPhilip Weinstein, Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519785 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:53:53 +0100 5519785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5519786&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa3446358g0875443%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory What's NewPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0734-6Authors Chia-Yi Hou, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5519786 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 06:43:35 +0100 5519786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510989&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F11809207665v77k1%2F Abstract  The aim of this work is to investigate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in Perameles bougainville and their ticks on two islands off Western Australia. Haemaphysalis humerosa, Haemaphysalis ratti, and Haemaphysalis lagostrophi were collected from P. bougainville on Bernier and Dorre Islands from 2005 to 2007; only Amblyomma limbatum was collected from humans over the same interval. One of 13 tick samples and 1 of 12 P. bougainville fecal samples were positive for C. burnetii DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. DNA fragments had >99% similarity to published C. burnetii sequences. Three of 35 P. bougainville sera tested positive for anti-C. burnetii antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C. burnetii was found in P. bougainville feces and a H... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510989 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 06:56:44 +0100 5510989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510991&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1104134n61x40223%2F Abstract  Since 1995, the Caruso Project used an Ecosystem Approach to Human Health to examine mercury (Hg) exposure in fish-eating communities in the Brazilian Amazon and develop interventions to maximise nutrition from traditional diet and minimise toxic risk. In 1995, 2000 and 2006, this study followed fish consumption, Hg levels, and visual and motor functions in 31 villagers. Questionnaires gathered information on socio-demographics and diet. Hair Hg (H-Hg) levels were measured. Visual acuity, colour vision, manual dexterity and grip strength were assessed. Data was analysed using general linear models of repeated measures. Total fish consumption, similar in 1995 and 2000, decreased in 2006. Carnivorous fish consumption initially decreased and then remained stable, whe... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510991 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 06:57:49 +0100 5510991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510990&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9431l8471m6t1300%2F Abstract  Malnutrition, resulting from various etiologies, is common in rural Chadian women and children. This cross-sectional study assessed the spectrum of parasitic infection and level of anemia and their effect on nutritional status in settled and mobile pastoral mothers and children near Lake Chad. Intestinal parasites were evaluated using direct fecal smears and the Kato–Katz technique. Malaria status was determined using Paracheck-Pf® rapid diagnostic test, and anemia was assessed with the Hemocue photometer. Nutritional status was evaluated using anthropometric parameters. At the end of the 2008 wet season, the prevalence of malnutrition was 36% [confidence interval (CI) 30–42] among women and 15% (CI 11–18) among children. The prevalence of intestinal parasit... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510990 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 06:57:49 +0100 5510990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491672&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F92035721q11j4768%2F Abstract  Assessment of microbial hazards associated with certain environmental matrices, livelihood strategies, and food handling practices are constrained by time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques that lead to health risk assessments of narrow geographic or time scope, often targeting very few pathogens. Health risk assessment based on one or few indicator organisms underestimates true disease burden due a number of coexisting causative pathogens. Here, we employed molecular techniques in a survey of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholera, and Rotavirus A densities in canal water with respect to seasonality and spatial distribution of poin... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491672 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 17:04:00 +0100 5491672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491673&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxw08u34r853320k6%2F In conclusion, this study confirms the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in Kyrgyzstan and warrants rapid effective intervention, among others, by mass vaccination of sheep and goats but also of cattle. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0722-xAuthors Bassirou Bonfoh, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan01, Côte d’Ivoire, Ivory CoastJoldoshbek Kasymbekov, Kyrgyz Research Institute of Veterinary (KRIV), 60 Togolok Moldo Street, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanSalome Dürr, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstr 155, 3097 Liebefeld, SwitzerlandNurjan Toktobaev, Kyrgyz-Swiss-Swedish Health Project, Swiss Red Cross, 187/1 Sydykova Street, Bish... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491673 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 07:01:13 +0100 5491673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472980&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F91018q5214167033%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewsPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0714-xAuthors Fernando Miguel Garelli, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472980 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 06:47:29 +0100 5472980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472981&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx450846161453875%2F Abstract  We constructed a model to predict the potential distribution of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the reservoir of Andes virus (Genus: Hantavirus), in Argentina. We developed an extensive database of occurrence records from published studies and our own surveys and compared two methods to model the probability of O. longicaudatus presence; logistic regression and MaxEnt algorithm. The environmental variables used were tree, grass and bare soil cover from MODIS imagery and, altitude and 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim database. The models performances were evaluated and compared both by threshold dependent and independent measures. The best models included tree and grass cover, mean diurnal temperature range, and precipitation of the warmest and coldest seasons. Th... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472981 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 06:59:00 +0100 5472981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472982&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1844032755662v26%2F Abstract  In order to evaluate the circulation of hantaviruses present in southeast Asia, a large scale survey of small mammal species was carried out at seven main sites in the region (Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Thailand). Small scale opportunistic trapping was also performed at an eighth site (Cambodia). Using a standard IFA test, IgG antibodies reacting to Hantaan virus antigens were detected at six sites. Antibody prevalence at each site varied from 0 to 5.6% with antibodies detected in several rodent species (Bandicota indica, B. savilei, Maxomys surifer, Mus caroli, M. cookii, Rattus exulans, R. nitidius, R. norvegicus, and R. tanezumi). When site seroprevalence was compared with site species richness, seropositive animals were found more frequent... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472982 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 22:19:56 +0100 5472982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472983&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgn60n5l131400378%2F This article provides a comparative analysis of the effects of older and newer paradigms of agricultural practices on ecosystem and human health within the larger context of sustainability. The study was conducted in three closely situated areas where different agricultural practices were followed: (a) the head-end of a modern canal-irrigated area, (b) an adjacent dryland, and (c) an area (the ancient area) that has been provided with irrigation for some 800 years. Data were collected by in-depth interviews of individual farmers, focus-group discussions, participatory observations, and from secondary sources. The dryland, receiving limited rainfall, continues to practice diverse cropping centered to a large extent on traditional coarse cereals and uses only small amounts of chem... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472983 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 22:19:54 +0100 5472983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453368&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F16l600tu42j71pt1%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AcknowledgmentsPages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0721-y Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453368 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 06:51:04 +0100 5453368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453369&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F110q45v0762308p7%2F In this study, we analyzed tar balls for total aerobic bacterial (TAB) counts and also for the presence of Vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen known to be abundant in the Gulf Coast environment and capable of causing severe wound infections by contact with contaminated surfaces. Our results showed that TAB counts were significantly higher in tar balls than in sand and seawater collected at the same location. In addition, V. vulnificus numbers were 10× higher in tar balls than in sand and up to 100× higher than in seawater. Densities of V. vulnificus were higher than 105 colony forming units/g of tar ball in all samples analyzed. Our data suggest that tar balls can act as reservoirs for bacteria including human pathogens. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationPag... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453369 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 16:33:00 +0100 5453369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427075&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj608t32q7661m738%2F Abstract  Pathogens traverse disciplinary and taxonomic boundaries, yet infectious disease research occurs in many separate disciplines including plant pathology, veterinary and human medicine, and ecological and evolutionary sciences. These disciplines have different traditions, goals, and terminology, creating gaps in communication. Bridging these disciplinary and taxonomic gaps promises novel insights and important synergistic advances in control of infectious disease. An approach integrated across the plant-animal divide would advance our understanding of disease by quantifying critical processes including transmission, community interactions, pathogen evolution, and complexity at multiple spatial and temporal scales. These advances require more substantial investment i... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427075 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 06:49:56 +0100 5427075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404074&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkm34471657x67h57%2F We report that the prevalence of A. fumigatus spores in the soil is much higher in young growth forests and forest edge habitats. Results suggest that hihi mortality rates between islands are potentially due to differential exposure to A. fumigatus spores. We assess relationships between habitat disturbance, A. fumigatus contamination and hihi mortality rates by testing the following predictions: (1) that densities of A. fumigatus spores will be higher on modified islands, (2) that densities of A. fumigatus spores on islands will be correlated with hihi mortality rates and (3) that densities of A. fumigatus spores will be higher at the forest edge than in the interior. We test each of these predictions using soil samples, air samples and samples of nectar from plant species fed on by hih... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404074 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 06:55:09 +0100 5404074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404075&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F382u38u7r81060n2%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssuePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0712-z Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404075 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 06:55:08 +0100 5404075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404076&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fem5354v722431881%2F Abstract  Land use change is one of the most commonly cited contributing factors to infectious disease emergence, yet the mechanisms responsible for such changes and the spatial scales at which they operate are rarely identified. The distributions of parasites with complex life cycles depend on interactions between multiple host species, suggesting the net effects of land use on infection patterns may be difficult to predict a priori. Here, we used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the importance of land use and spatial scale (local, watershed, and regional) in determining the presence and abundance of multi-host trematodes of amphibians. Among 40 wetlands and 160 hosts sampled, trematode abundance, species richness, and the presence and abundance of pathogenic ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404076 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 06:44:07 +0100 5404076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404077&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F614664q65h276126%2F Abstract  Research that identifies the potential host range of generalist pathogens as well as variation in host susceptibility is critical for understanding and predicting the dynamics of infectious diseases within ecological communities. Ranaviruses have been linked to amphibian die-off events worldwide with the greatest number of reported mortality events occurring in the United States. While reports of ranavirus-associated mortality events continue to accumulate, few data exist comparing the relative susceptibility of different species. Using a series of laboratory exposure experiments and comparative phylogenetics, we compared the susceptibilities of 19 amphibian species from two salamander families and five anurans families for two ranavirus isolates: frog virus 3 (FV... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404077 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 06:44:06 +0100 5404077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404078&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnp50x80x1g321226%2F Abstract  The continuing expansion of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations raises concerns regarding disease transmission. In south-central Spain, overabundant wild boar are reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, and related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using bovine-purified protein derivative was applied to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of wild boar contact with MTBC in the Iberian Peninsula and to model and identify the associated risk factors. Wild boar apparent seroprevalence was 22%. Seropositives were detected in 71% of 81 sites, including 23 sites where wildlife was thought to be bTB free. The results described a new geogra... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404078 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 06:50:03 +0100 5404078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394799&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft20264604w11x107%2F Abstract  There is now irrefutable evidence that climate change and increasing environmental degradation negatively affect population health. Healthcare plays an important role in addressing these emerging environmental challenges, considering its core aim is to protect and promote health. Preliminary research in Victoria, Australia, suggests that healthcare practitioners are endeavouring to factor in environmental concerns into their practice. Health promotion, an integral part of the healthcare system, is considered an area of practice that can support action on sustainability. Based on five qualitative case studies and key stakeholder interviews, this article explores key barriers and facilitators to incorporating sustainability into community-based healthcare practice. ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394799 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 16:52:48 +0100 5394799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372711&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx8u35284m22w5008%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory About the CoverPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0709-7Authors Peter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USASara E. Howard, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372711 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 17:00:59 +0100 5372711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5320309&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb377lg783q562438%2F Abstract   Aedes aegypti is implicated in dengue transmission in tropical and subtropical urban areas around the world. Ae. aegypti populations are controlled through integrative vector management. However, the efficacy of vector control may be undermined by the presence of alternative, competent species. In Puerto Rico, a native mosquito, Ae. mediovittatus, is a competent dengue vector in laboratory settings and spatially overlaps with Ae. aegypti. It has been proposed that Ae. mediovittatus may act as a dengue reservoir during inter-epidemic periods, perpetuating endemic dengue transmission in rural Puerto Rico. Dengue transmission dynamics may therefore be influenced by the spatial overlap of Ae. mediovittatus, Ae. aegypti, dengue viruses, and humans. We take a landscape ep... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5320309 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 05:50:02 +0100 5320309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5256302&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm714527t66h110rw%2F Abstract  The sustainable use of natural and agricultural biodiversity in the diet can be instrumental to preserve existing food biodiversity, address malnutrition, and mitigate adverse effects of dietary changes worldwide. This systematic review of literature summarizes the current evidence on the contribution of plant and animal biodiversity to human diets in terms of energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification. Peer-reviewed studies were searched in ten databases using pre-defined search terms. Only original studies assessing food biodiversity and dietary intake were included, resulting in a total of 34 studies. 7, 14, and 17 studies reported information in relation to energy intake, micronutrient intake, and dietary diversification, respectively. In... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5256302 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:55:59 +0100 5256302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5256303&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk4k4873821805831%2F Abstract  Finch trichomonosis emerged in Great Britain in 2005 and led to epidemic mortality and a significant population decline of greenfinches, Carduelis chloris and chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs, in the central and western counties of England and Wales in the autumn of 2006. In this article, we show continued epidemic spread of the disease with a pronounced shift in geographical distribution towards eastern England in 2007. This was followed by international spread to southern Fennoscandia where cases were confirmed at multiple sites in the summer of 2008. Sequence data of the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal region and part of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene showed no variation between the British and Fennoscandian parasite strains of Trichomonas gallinae. Epidemiological an... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5256303 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 05:50:20 +0100 5256303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231596&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr11rlp2u53268426%2F Abstract  White-nose syndrome (WNS) is having an unprecedented impact on hibernating bat populations in the eastern United States. While most studies have focused on widespread mortality observed at winter hibernacula, few have examined the consequences of wing damage that has been observed among those bats that survive hibernation. Given that WNS-related wing damage may lead to life-threatening changes in wing function, we tested the hypothesis that reduced abundance of free-ranging little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with severe wing damage as the summer progresses is due to healing of wing tissue. Photographs of captured and recaptured adult females were examined for wing damage and healing rates were calculated for each category of wing damage index (WDI = 0�... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231596 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 05:47:35 +0100 5231596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231597&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa81037221q667474%2F This article also discusses challenges and opportunities associated with transdisciplinary, participatory research with indigenous communities. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionPages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0707-9Authors Courtney G. Flint, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, S510 Turner Hall, MC 047, Urbana, IL 61801, USAEwan S. Robinson, Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USAJoshua Kellogg, Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USAGary Ferguson, Wellness and Prevention Department, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, USALama BouFajreldin, Department of ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231597 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:51:45 +0100 5231597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231598&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr324u042t1113pj2%2F Abstract  Parasitoid species are key species because they regulate numerous insect species, including pests. An efficient infestation of hosts is critical to the development of parasitoid populations. In this article, we investigate the effects of the widely used insecticide chlorpyrifos on the exploitation of a patch of host by a parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae. We show that chlorpyrifos increased the efficiency of parasitoid females in the infestation of the first host egg by decreasing its super-parasitization. Except for the first egg, all infested eggs were infested only once by both control and treated females; therefore, the insecticide did not impede the detection of a host that had already been infested. We did find that the insecticide affected the mode of rejec... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231598 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:51:43 +0100 5231598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231599&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb64235117g511774%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssuePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0702-1 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231599 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 05:51:11 +0100 5231599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231600&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3337q17g4753x728%2F This article considers health concerns associated with lawn pesticide use and potential policy actions to address those concerns. We first briefly present the generations of pesticide technology, and then apply a sustainability lens to consider the dissipative use of persistent compounds. We enumerate uncertainties in available science and gaps in toxicity testing of pesticides, along with potential for exposure and evidence of harm from lawn pesticide exposure. We consider how a precautionary approach complements a sustainability perspective and detailed scientific findings, and then briefly present practical approaches to reducing use of lawn pesticides. Finally, we highlight factors pivotal for successful policy to limit lawn pesticide use. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231600 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 05:51:10 +0100 5231600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231602&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2154j46l637q7g50%2F Abstract  The role of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is the causal agent of chytridiomycosis, in the declines of Central American bolitoglossine salamanders is unknown. Here we establish a swabbing protocol to maximize the detection probability of Bd in salamanders. We then used this protocol to examine captive and wild Mexican bolitoglossine salamanders of 14 different species for the presence of Bd. Of the seven body parts sampled, the pelvic region, hindlimbs, forelimbs, and the ventral side of the tail had the most Bd per surface area and thus might provide the best sampling regions of salamanders to detect Bd infections. Sixteen out of 33 (48%) of the dead captive salamanders had Bd infections and epidermal hyperkeratosis, whereas none of ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231602 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 05:51:09 +0100 5231602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231601&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2848402w73026330%2F Abstract  The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in origin, including recently emerging influenza viruses such as the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. The epidemic that year affected both human and animal populations as it spread globally. In fact, before the end of 2009, 14 different countries reported H1N1 infected swine. In order to better understand the zoonotic nature of the epidemic and the relationship between human and animal disease surveillance data streams, we compared 2009 reports of H1N1 infection to define the temporal relationship between reported cases in animals and humans. Generally, human cases preceded animal cases at a country-level, supporting the potential of H1N1 infection to be a “reverse zoonosis”, and the value o... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231601 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 05:51:09 +0100 5231601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194637&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F81t04717326l454r%2F Abstract  This communication focuses on respected older womens’ (‘Aunties’) experiences of climate and other environmental change observed on Australia’s Erub Island in the Torres Strait. By documenting these experiences, we explore the gendered nature of climate change, and provide new perspectives on how these environmental impacts are experienced, enacted and responded to. The way these adverse changes affect people and places is bound up with numerous constructions of difference, including gender. The responses of the Aunties interviewed to climate change impacts revealed Solastalgia; feelings of sadness, worry, fear and distress, along with a declining sense of self, belonging and familiarity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationPages 1-... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194637 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 06:14:56 +0100 5194637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189997&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr16l2l3n04621j72%2F Abstract  Mental health can be influenced by a number of neighbourhood physical and social environmental characteristics. We aimed to determine whether urban sprawl (based on population density) in Sydney, Australia, is associated with self-rated health and psychological distress. We used a cross-sectional multilevel study design. Individual level data on self-rated health and psychological distress were obtained from the 2006 and 2007 NSW Population Health Survey. We did not find significant associations between urban sprawl and self-rated health and psychological distress after controlling for individual and area level covariates. However, positive neighbourhood factors were generally associated with better self-rated health and lower psychological distress but few of the... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189997 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 05:52:43 +0100 5189997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189996&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F217010p35328m742%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory What's NewPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0703-0Authors Chia-Yi Hou, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189996 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 05:52:43 +0100 5189996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5189998&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F953850716616pm74%2F Abstract  We echo the viewpoints presented in the recent editorials and forums in EcoHealth in 2009 and 2010 that understanding the links between water and health using biogeography can provide insights into the patterns of and the processes that give rise to the distribution of disease prevalence. In particular, we underscore the need to integrate disease ecology and biogeography using landscape ecological approaches. We use opisthorchiasis, a major public health problem in Southeast Asia, to illustrate our opinions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ForumPages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0701-2Authors Yi-Chen Wang, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Block AS2, 1 Arts Link, Singapore, 117570 SingaporeChen-Chieh Feng, Department of Geography, Na... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5189998 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 05:52:42 +0100 5189998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5153705&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj87q280112t77611%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory About the CoverPages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0693-yAuthors Sara Howard, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAPeter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5153705 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 05:42:24 +0100 5153705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5129449&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8l52w3g7805jt51%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0694-x Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5129449 Fri, 12 Aug 2011 06:18:21 +0100 5129449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5101886&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6474167w83u0250%2F Abstract  Global wildlife trade is financially lucrative, frequently illegal and increases the risk for zoonotic disease transmission. This paper presents the first interdisciplinary study of Vietnam’s illegal wild bird trade focussing on those aspects which may contribute to the transmission of diseases such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1. Comparing January 2009 data with that of May 2007, we found a five-fold increase to 9,117 birds on sale in Hanoi. Ninety-five percent of Hanoian bird vendors appear unaware of trade regulations and across Vietnam vendors buy birds sourced outside of their province. Approximately 25% of the species common to Vietnam’s bird trade are known to be HPAI H5N1 susceptible. The anthropogenic movement of birds within the tra... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5101886 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 05:52:32 +0100 5101886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084658&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8670u17464m710m1%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0692-z Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084658 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 05:53:16 +0100 5084658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061013&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F022335522588134u%2F This study is the first to systematically gather, analyse and compare baseline data on weather, water quality and health in Nunatsiavut, and illustrates the need for high quality temporal baseline information to allow for detection of future impacts of climate change on regional Inuit human and environmental health. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-16DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0690-1Authors Sherilee L. Harper, Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaVictoria L. Edge, Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaCorinne J. Schuster-Wallace, Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaOlaf Berke, Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaSc... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061013 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:02:21 +0100 5061013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061014&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw463964418681074%2F In this study, we identified that B. dendrobatidis isolate JEL 310 zoospores display chemotaxis, in the presence of two bacterially-produced metabolites (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and indole-3-carboxaldehyde). In the presence of either metabolite, B. dendrobatidis zoospores move more frequently away from the metabolite. Using parameters estimated from this study, a simple stochastic model of a random walk on a lattice was evaluated. The model shows that these individual behaviors over short time-scales directly lead to population behaviors over long time–scales, such that most zoospores will escape, or not infect a tryptone substrate containing the bacterially-produced metabolite, whereas many zoospores will infect the tryptone substrate containing no metabolite. These results sugg... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061014 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 06:42:58 +0100 5061014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4860189&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu5hu286243113811%2F Abstract  Previous studies have linked poor mental human health with environmental degradation, but none have assessed additional diseases that may co-exist with these mental disorders. In previous work, depression was found to be associated with a major form of environmental degradation; dryland salinity. However, little is known about diseases co-morbid with depression in this environmental setting. In rural Australia, dryland salinity is a major form of environmental degradation contributing widely to deterioration and non-viability of farmland. Using georeferenced health record data, Bayesian spatial methods were used to determine the relationship between dryland salinity and a range of human health outcomes. Initial modelling found an increased relative risk for asthma... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4860189 Fri, 20 May 2011 05:58:59 +0100 4860189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4860190&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb1161003nvu2735w%2F Abstract  Historically, open shorelines of Lake Malaŵi were free from schistosome, Schistosoma haematobium, transmission, but this changed in the mid-1980s, possibly as a result of over-fishing reducing density of molluscivore fishes. Very little information is available on schistosome infections among people in lake-shore communities and therefore we decided to summarise data collected from 1998 to 2007. Detailed knowledge of the transmission patterns is essential to design a holistic approach to schistosomiasis control involving the public health, fisheries and tourism sectors. On Nankumba Peninsula, in the southern part of the lake, inhabitants of villages located along the shores of Lake Malaŵi have higher prevalence of S. haematobium infection than those living in inla... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4860190 Fri, 20 May 2011 05:58:58 +0100 4860190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4860191&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft2372hv0560u5077%2F Abstract  Despite North Carolina’s long history with feral swine, populations were low or absent in eastern counties until the 1990s. Feral swine populations have since grown in these counties which also contain a high density of commercial production swine (CPS) facilities. Sixteen of the highest swine producing U.S. counties also populated with feral swine are in North Carolina. Disconcertingly, since 2009, positive tests for exposure to swine brucellosis or pseudorabies virus have been found for feral swine. We surveyed 120 CSP facilities across four eastern counties to document the level and perception of feral swine activity around CSP facilities and to identify disease transmission potential to commercial stock. Nearly all facility operators (97%) recognized feral s... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4860191 Fri, 20 May 2011 05:58:56 +0100 4860191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838407&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj132436373181703%2F Abstract  Infectious disease and other health hazards have been hypothesized to pose serious threats to the persistence of wild ape populations. Respiratory disease outbreaks have been shown to be of particular concern for several wild chimpanzee study sites, leading managers, and researchers to hypothesize that diseases originating from and/or spread by humans pose a substantial risk to the long-term survival of chimpanzee populations. The total chimpanzee population in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, has declined from 120–150 in the 1960s to about 100 by the end of 2007, with death associated with observable signs of disease as the leading cause of mortality. We used a historical data set collected from 1979 to 1987 to investigate the baseline rates of respiratory illnes... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838407 Thu, 12 May 2011 18:53:58 +0100 4838407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4811041&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu868817g058752r2%2F Abstract  The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects amphibians on every continent where they occur and is linked to the decline of over 200 amphibian species worldwide. At present, only three published Bd surveys exist for mainland Asia, and Bd has been detected in South Korea alone. In this article, we report the first survey for Bd in Peninsular Malaysia. We swabbed 127 individuals from the six amphibian families that occur on Peninsular Malaysia, including two orders, 27 genera, and 47 species. We detected Bd on 10 out of 127 individuals from four of five states and five of 11 localities, placing the 95% confidence interval for overall prevalence at 4–14%. We detected no variation in Bd prevalence among regions, elevations, or taxonomic groups. The i... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4811041 Wed, 04 May 2011 05:45:30 +0100 4811041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4779181&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F372623r2xmv44876%2F Abstract  Emerging diseases and environmental contamination are two of the leading hypotheses for global amphibian declines. Yet few studies have examined the influence of contaminants on disease susceptibility, and even fewer have incorporated the role of natural stressors such as predation. We performed a factorial study investigating the interaction of the insecticide carbaryl, dragonfly predator cue, and the emerging pathogen Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV) on fitness correlates and disease susceptibility in tiger salamander larvae. Four week old larvae were exposed for 22 days in a 2 (0, 500 μg/l carbaryl) × 2 (control, predator cue water) × 2 (0, 1 × 104 pfu ATV) factorial designed laboratory study. Results show ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4779181 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 05:46:36 +0100 4779181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752246&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3574n605h5k6353%2F Abstract  Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are pathogens of global concern, but there has been little previous research on avian influenza in southern Africa and almost nothing is known about the dynamics of AIVs in the region. We counted, captured and sampled birds regularly at five sites, two in South Africa (Barberspan and Strandfontein) and one in each of Botswana (Lake Ngami), Mozambique (Lake Chuali) and Zimbabwe (Lakes Manyame and Chivero) between March 2007 and May 2009. The South African and Zimbabwean sites were visited every 2 months and the sites in Botswana and Mozambique every 4 months. During each visit we undertook 5–7 days of standardised bird counts followed by 5–10 days of capturing and sampling water-associated birds. We sampled 4,977 birds o... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752246 Sat, 23 Apr 2011 05:56:07 +0100 4752246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752247&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F215m544036861k67%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0680-3Authors Charles R. McManis, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752247 Fri, 22 Apr 2011 05:45:49 +0100 4752247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4681852&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw7k173536x751176%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0678-xAuthors Peter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4681852 Fri, 01 Apr 2011 05:46:26 +0100 4681852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577639&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu376k27536q00520%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0681-2 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577639 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 06:58:26 +0100 4577639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4458780&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa7623576h4842165%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0679-9Authors Peter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4458780 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 13:14:16 +0100 4458780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4441583&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe6174w180280108p%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0673-2Authors Annalee Yassi, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4441583 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 09:29:11 +0100 4441583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4418080&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Femp41k2g37870611%2F Abstract  Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus persists in Asia, posing a threat to poultry, wild birds, and humans. Previous work in Southeast Asia demonstrated that HPAI H5N1 risk is related to domestic ducks and people. Other studies discussed the role of migratory birds in the long distance spread of HPAI H5N1. However, the interplay between local persistence and long-distance dispersal has never been studied. We expand previous geospatial risk analysis to include South and Southeast Asia, and integrate the analysis with migration data of satellite-tracked wild waterfowl along the Central Asia flyway. We find that the population of domestic duck is the main factor delineating areas at risk of HPAI H5N1 spread in domestic poultry in South Asia, and that ot... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4418080 Wed, 26 Jan 2011 19:46:36 +0100 4418080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404451&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0976673444566520%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-163DOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0376-0 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404451 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 07:01:08 +0100 4404451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404452&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp48461265u278243%2F Abstract  Regarding the basic roles of urban ecosystem health assessment (i.e., discovering the comprehensive health status, and diagnosing the limiting factors of urban ecosystems), the general framework integrating comprehensive evaluation and detailed analysis is established, from both bottom-up and top-down directions. Emergy-based health indicators are established to reflect the urban ecosystem health status from a biophysical viewpoint. Considering the intrinsic uncertainty and relativity of urban ecosystem health, set pair analysis is combined with the emergy-based indicators to fill the general framework and evaluate the relative health level of urban ecosystems. These techniques are favorable for understanding the overall urban ecosystem health status and confirmin... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404452 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 07:01:06 +0100 4404452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404453&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F215l453571278323%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-011-0675-0Authors John S. Mackenzie, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, AustraliaSara E. Howard, EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404453 Fri, 21 Jan 2011 15:14:19 +0100 4404453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404454&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F225668076850u87l%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-2DOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0363-5Authors Antoinette J. Piaggio, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USALarry Clark, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USAAlan B. Franklin, National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USASergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Sour... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404454 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 20:23:17 +0100 4404454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4355194&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe71p2447kr550825%2F Abstract  The pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has been implicated as the main driver of many enigmatic amphibian declines in neotropical sites at high elevation. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is thought to be a waterborne pathogen limited by temperature, and the extent to which it persists and causes disease in amphibians at lower elevations in the neotropics is not known. It also is unclear by what mechanism(s) B. dendrobatidis has emerged as a pathogenic organism. To test whether B. dendrobatidis is limited by elevation in Panamá, we sought to determine the prevalence and intensity of B. dendrobatidis in relation to anuran abundance and diversity using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Sites were situated at varying elevations, from 45 to 1215&nbs... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4355194 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 06:48:33 +0100 4355194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4355195&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmg3823mj67710004%2F Abstract  Sewage discharge is a major source of pollution in marine environments. Urban wastewaters can directly enter marine environments carrying pathogen organisms, organic loads, and nutrients. Because marine sediments can act as the ultimate fate of a wide range of pollutants, environmental quality assessment in this compartment can help to identify pollution problems in coastal areas. In the present study, characterization of surficial marine sediments allowed assessment of fecal pollution in a semi-enclosed deep embayment that is subjected to anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters and fecal indicators presented a great spatial heterogeneity. Fecal coliform and Clostridium perfringens showed accumulation in an extensive area, not only in proximity to sewa... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4355195 Wed, 12 Jan 2011 06:48:32 +0100 4355195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4341861&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq2wg48404553vn50%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-3DOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0365-3 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4341861 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 16:12:43 +0100 4341861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4326717&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fplw41534122226t7%2F Abstract  Amphibian chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) that is implicated in the worldwide decline and extinction of amphibians. Africa has been proposed as a potential source for the global expansion of Bd, yet the distribution of Bd across the continent remains largely unexplored. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we screened for the presence of Bd in 166 adult anurans from two national parks in Gabon (Monts de Cristal and Ivindo). Bd was detected in 20 of the 42 species and was present at all three sites surveyed (two in Monts de Cristal, and one in Ivindo) with high prevalence (19.6%–36.0%). Both national parks were Bd-positive at all elevations and across habitat types, though no dead or ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4326717 Thu, 06 Jan 2011 06:43:36 +0100 4326717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4321617&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv200g0780286182u%2F This study confirmed that bats commonly visited date palm trees and physically contacted the sap collected for human consumption. This is further evidence that date palm sap is an important link between Nipah virus in bats and Nipah virus in humans. Efforts that prevent bat access to the shaved surface and the sap stream of the tree could reduce Nipah spillovers to the human population. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0366-2Authors M. Salah Uddin Khan, PIDVS, HSID, ICDDR,B, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, BangladeshJahangir Hossain, PIDVS, HSID, ICDDR,B, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, BangladeshEmily S. Gurley, PIDVS, HSID, ICDDR,B, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, 1212 Dhaka, Bangladesh... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4321617 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 06:45:28 +0100 4321617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4321616&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F567765h213776h58%2F Abstract  Critical systems methodology has been advocated as an effective and ethical way to engage with the uncertainty and conflicting values common to ecohealth problems. We use two contrasting case studies, coral reef management in the Philippines and national park management in Australia, to illustrate the value of critical systems approaches in exploring how people respond to environmental threats to their physical and spiritual well-being. In both cases, we used visual methods—participatory modeling and rich picturing, respectively. The critical systems methodology, with its emphasis on reflection, guided an appraisal of the research process. A discussion of these two case studies suggests that visual methods can be usefully applied within a critical systems framew... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4321616 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 06:45:28 +0100 4321616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4284279&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr2j7017j72v388w5%2F We report on a scoping study to assess actors, linkages, priorities, and needs related to management of these diseases from the perspective of key stakeholders in three countries in Southeast Asia. A comprehensive interview guide was developed and in-depth interviews completed with 21 key stakeholders in Vietnam, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Cambodia. We found numerous relevant actors with a predominance of public sector and medical disciplines. More capacity weaknesses than strengths were reported, with risk analysis and research skills most lacking. Social network analysis of information flows showed policy-makers were regarded as mainly information recipients, research institutes as more information providers, and universities as both. Veterinary and livestock disciplin... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4284279 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 07:19:48 +0100 4284279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4270839&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F340522114547u634%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0359-1 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4270839 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 20:47:33 +0100 4270839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4240738&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F66511g2750920487%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0361-7Authors Peter Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St., 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USASara E. Howard, EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th St., 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4240738 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 14:28:46 +0100 4240738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229922&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp201031514002724%2F Abstract  Over the last two decades, the science of climate change’s theoretical impacts on vector-borne disease has generated controversy related to its methodological validity and relevance to disease control policy. Critical social science analysis, drawing on science and technology studies and the sociology of social movements, demonstrates consistency between this controversy and the theory that climate change is serving as a collective action frame for some health researchers. Within this frame, vector-borne disease data are interpreted as a symptom of climate change, with the need for further interdisiplinary research put forth as the logical and necessary next step. Reaction to this tendency on the part of a handful of vector-borne disease specialists exhibits cha... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229922 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 06:44:01 +0100 4229922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229921&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy24617618p850024%2F This study has implications for surveillance of West Nile and may offer insight into disease risk associated with other vector-borne zoonotic diseases. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0360-8Authors Valerie J. McKenzie, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USANicolas E. Goulet, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229921 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 06:44:01 +0100 4229921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229923&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7k42351176111525%2F Abstract  Waterfowl were counted and sampled in a Zimbabwean wetland over 24 months. LPAI strains were detected during 20 consecutive months, providing evidence of regional yearly persistence of LPAI. We discuss the role of Afro-tropical ducks in viral maintenance and transmission, and attempt to explain the observed patterns. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0356-4Authors Alexandre Caron, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, 37 Arcturus Road, Highlands, P.O. Box 1378, Harare, ZimbabweCelia Abolnik, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Pretoria, South AfricaJosephine Mundava, Forestry Resources and Wildlife Management, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, ZimbabweNicolas Gaidet, UPR AGIRs, Department ES, Cirad, Montpellier, Franc... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229923 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 06:43:59 +0100 4229923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4229924&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn7434645nm67216u%2F Abstract  The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is considered responsible for the population declines and extinctions of hundreds of amphibian species worldwide. The panzootic was likely triggered by human-assisted spread, but once the pathogen becomes established in a given region, its distribution is probably determined by local drivers. To assess the relative importance of potential drivers of infection in red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), we measured Bd levels in 16 populations throughout central Pennsylvania. Infected individuals were detected in all but four populations, indicating that Bd is widespread in this region. We quantified local factors hypothesized to influence Bd, and found that infection levels were best predicted by... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4229924 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 06:43:58 +0100 4229924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202272&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft33g3775124172q5%2F Abstract  Using ecohealth as a transdisciplinary lens to explore the connections among overlapping domains of inquiry, this article examines methodological relations between Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystem Health, two approaches for improving rural health and well-being. The experience of working on a project tasked with developing an integrated, systems-based approach for understanding the nature of rural livelihoods and ecosystems provides the base for analysis. Several key insights are discussed: The overarching goals of health and sustainability facilitate collaboration among disciplines; differences arise from how each approach operationalizes systems as variables and indicators; the dependent variables for one approach can be used as the independent variables fo... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202272 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 06:58:39 +0100 4202272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202271&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F365jhr60p70371q1%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0351-9Authors Margo G. Haygood, Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, West Campus, 20000 NW Walker Road, Mail Code OGI 100, Beaverton, OR 97006-8921, USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202271 Tue, 23 Nov 2010 06:58:39 +0100 4202271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166521&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk1x3q66g2j507770%2F Abstract  Although the incidence of human monkeypox has greatly increased in Central Africa over the last decade, resources for surveillance remain extremely limited. We conducted a geospatial analysis using existing data to better inform future surveillance efforts. Using active surveillance data collected between 2005 and 2007, we identified locations in Sankuru district, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where there have been one or more cases of human monkeypox. To assess what taxa constitute the main reservoirs of monkeypox, we tested whether human cases were associated with (i) rope squirrels (Funisciurus sp.), which were implicated in monkeypox outbreaks elsewhere in the DRC in the 1980s, or (ii) terrestrial rodents in the genera Cricetomys and Graphiurus, which are ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166521 Thu, 11 Nov 2010 06:53:10 +0100 4166521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4148892&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb523588757v45376%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0352-8 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4148892 Sat, 06 Nov 2010 20:21:18 +0100 4148892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4072007&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F112426144073w4x2%2F Abstract  Salmonellosis has been reported as an important cause of mortality of garden birds in several countries, including Norway and Scotland. We investigated the frequency of the disease in garden birds submitted for postmortem examination by members of the public in England and Wales between 1993 and 2003, inclusive. We found salmonellosis to be the most frequent cause of death due to infectious disease in the garden birds submitted. This disease was confirmed in 7 of the 45 bird species that were examined postmortem, with the greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) most frequently affected. Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 40, DT56 variant(v), and DT160 accounted for the majority of isolates. Salmonellosis incidents chi... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4072007 Thu, 14 Oct 2010 06:12:49 +0100 4072007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4043834&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy48w86125222858h%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0342-xAuthors Jeff Romm, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4043834 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 06:01:40 +0100 4043834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4035000&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh41m75m22030h351%2F Abstract  Amphibian declines worldwide have been linked to the fungal disease chytridiomycosis. Its causative agent (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, hereafter Bd), however, also infects many nondeclining species. Experimental infections have shown species-specific and temperature-dependent frog responses to Bd infection. Although Bd infection may be eliminated by housing amphibians at temperatures above those tolerated by the fungus, the question of whether frogs can eliminate infection under more favorable conditions remains unanswered. Repeated diagnostics using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt–PCR) assays of postmetamorphic individuals at 28, 38, 45, 53, and 62 days after exposure demonstrated that Hypsiboas crepitans is able to clear infection within a few w... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4035000 Sat, 02 Oct 2010 06:02:56 +0100 4035000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4002595&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0n2527684482462%2F Abstract  Oxidative stress is the unifying feature underlying the toxicity of anthropogenic pollution (e.g., heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrogen-oxides) and the ultimate culprit in the development of many diseases. Yet, there has been no attempt to summarize the published data on wild terrestrial animals to reveal general trends regarding the effects of pollution on oxidative stress. The main findings of this meta-analysis reveal that, as predicted, there is an overall increase in oxidative stress when exposed to pollution. This is mainly due to a weak overall increase of oxidative damages, although there is some variation across taxa. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzymes are the most reliable biomarkers. This result is i... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4002595 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 05:46:26 +0100 4002595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4002594&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft043631u6n87k2j7%2F Abstract  To diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. Therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. Samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (March 2004 and February 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (October 2004 and August 2005). Fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), two paramyxoviruses previously found in lung tissue of chimpanzees that died due to respiratory disease. In the March 2004 outbreak, 72% of the tested individuals were positive for HMPV, and during the 2006 epidemic, 25% te... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4002594 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 05:46:26 +0100 4002594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4002596&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr50764214q56m4t8%2F Abstract  Predicting areas of disease emergence when no epidemiological data is available is essential for the implementation of efficient surveillance programs. The Inner Niger Delta (IND) in Mali is a major African wetland where >1 million Palearctic and African waterbirds congregate. Waterbirds are the main reservoir of Avian Influenza Viruses (AIV). Our objective was to model their spatial distribution in order to predict where these viruses would be more likely to circulate. We developed a generalized linear model (GLM) and a boosted regression trees (BRT) model based on total aerial bird counts taken in winter over 6 years. We used remotely sensed environmental variables with a high temporal resolution (10 days) to predict the spatial distribution of... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4002596 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 05:46:24 +0100 4002596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4000905&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhx525q07qh2v5031%2F Abstract  The occurrence of intersex characteristics in amphibians has been linked to pesticide exposure in the laboratory and proximity to agricultural activity within natural populations. But, overall, the ecology of amphibian intersex is poorly known and, specifically, its occurrence in many landscape types and regions is unstudied. We offer the first analysis of the frequency of amphibian intersex across a range of land covers representing the major landscape types within a region. We used remotely sensed information to characterize land cover surrounding 4774 potential sampling locations within the Connecticut River Valley. From among these, we selected 24 ponds to collect postmetamorphic green frogs (Rana clamitans) from four land cover types: undeveloped, agricultural... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4000905 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 05:46:28 +0100 4000905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3866601&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe6t8nt32575g71lw%2F Abstract  Pamana Ka Sa Pilipinas (Pamana) is a grassroots fisherfolk alliance of Philippine Marine Protected Areas with more than 6,000 individual fisherfolk and their 30,000 family members. Access to food, education, and health services for Philippine fisherfolk families is directly dependant upon the fish harvest and related health of the marine environment. Pamana represents a unique “ecohealth” strategy, linking the health of coastal people and that of their surrounding marine ecosystem. Pamana’s activities are viewed by both their membership and barangay (village) health workers as a contribution to nutritional and community health. The alliance has developed an approach to the empowerment of fisherfolk that has led to improvement in health, food security, and nu... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3866601 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 06:01:51 +0100 3866601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3866602&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu272758l24405u47%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0339-5Authors Rita R. Colwell, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USABruce A. Wilcox, Division of Ecology and Health, Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3866602 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 19:24:52 +0100 3866602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3833101&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frjhjt711625221w8%2F This study assesses current knowledge and practices related to mosquito ecology and environmental management for malaria control in a rural, agricultural region of Tanzania. Household surveys were conducted with 408 randomly selected respondents from 10 villages and qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Results show that respondents are well aware of the links between mosquitoes, the environment, and malaria. Most respondents stated that cleaning the environment around the home, clearing vegetation around the home, or draining stagnant water can reduce mosquito populations, and 63% of respondents reported performing at least one of these techniques to protect themselves from malaria. It is clear that many respondents believe that the... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3833101 Fri, 06 Aug 2010 17:53:16 +0100 3833101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3830471&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc3513816p72781n1%2F Abstract  In January 2006, a major cold spell affected Europe, coinciding with an increase of H5N1 influenza virus detected in wild birds, mostly dead mute swans, starting along the River Danube and the Mediterranean coast line. Subsequently H5N1 detections in wild birds were concentrated in central and western parts of Europe, reaching a peak in mid February. We tested the hypothesis that the geographic distribution of these H5N1 infections was modulated by the long-term wintering line, the 0°C isotherm marking the limit beyond which areas are largely unsuitable for wintering waterfowl. Given the particularly cold 2005–2006 European winter, we also considered the satellite-derived contemporary frost conditions. This brought us to select the long-term maximum rather than... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3830471 Thu, 05 Aug 2010 13:26:11 +0100 3830471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3820037&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc342017n88772638%2F In this study, we present simple mathematical models to examine this outbreak and to investigate the transmission dynamics of HPAI in wild waterbirds. The population dynamics model of wintering birds was best represented by a sinusoidal function. This model was considered the most adequate to represent the susceptible compartment of the SIR model. The three transmission models predict a basic reproduction ratio (R 0) with value of approximately 1.6, indicating a small epidemic, which ended with the migration of susceptible wild waterbirds at the end of the winter. With this study, we quantify for the first time the transmission of HPAI H5N1 virus at Lake Constance during the outbreak of winter 2005–2006. It is a step toward the improvement of the knowledge of transmission of the vi... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3820037 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 14:52:32 +0100 3820037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3820036&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv1142021nr72r3x8%2F This study examined critical impacts of climate change on Inuit diet and nutritional health in four Inuit communities in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Western Arctic, Canada. The first objective was to combine data from community observation studies and dietary interview studies to determine potential climate change impacts on nutritional quality. The second objective was to address the scale of data collection and/or availability to compare local versus regional trends, and identify implications for adaptation planning. Information was compiled from 5 reports (4 community reports and 1 synthesis report) of climate change observations, impacts and adaptations in 12 Inuit communities (2005–2006), and from a dietary report of food use from 18 Inuit communities (1997–2000). Chan... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3820036 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 14:52:32 +0100 3820036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3807159&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0665lr975420740j%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory About the CoverDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0341-yAuthors Peter Daszak, Wildlife Trust New York NY 10001 USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3807159 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:00:06 +0100 3807159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3801445&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv666084l616ll68h%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssueDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0346-6 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3801445 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 06:55:33 +0100 3801445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3801446&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkn30201w31634375%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0331-0Authors Carolyn Stephens, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine International Indigenous and Environmental Health London UK Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3801446 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 06:55:32 +0100 3801446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793623&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84928666r11008vt%2F Abstract  Anthropologically induced climate change, caused by an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, is an emerging threat to human health. Consequences of climate change may affect the prevalence of various diseases and environmental and social maladies that affect population health. In this article, we reviewed the literature on climate change and health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. This region already faces numerous humanitarian crises, from conflicts to natural hazards and a high burden of disease. Climate change is likely to aggravate these emergencies, necessitating a strengthening of health systems and capacities in the region. However, the existing literature on climate change from the region is sparse and informational gaps stand ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793623 Sat, 24 Jul 2010 13:29:30 +0100 3793623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3785889&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2781j8n48874619w%2F Abstract  Despite an increasing recognition that addressing complex problems requires transdisciplinary research, the shortage of formal training for how to conduct such research is a major bottleneck to future progress. In response to this training gap, a group of early career scientists in London created the London EcoHealth Forum. Now in its second year, the Forum has matured into a small but dedicated group that cultivates thought and learning about ecosystem approaches to health. This paper discusses the key challenges faced while setting up the group and how they were overcome. The paper also outlines the main activity of the group, a seminar series devoted to a specific topic—the overconsumption of meat in London—and suggests that this format may be a useful tool... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3785889 Fri, 23 Jul 2010 12:14:02 +0100 3785889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3785890&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh73g684114q5t127%2F Abstract  Entomological survey was conducted to know the breeding habitat preference of the forest breeder malaria vector Anopheles baimaii, known earlier as An. dirus species D in the northeastern region of India. Breeding potential of the vector in forest areas was found to be high in water stored in jungle pool (69.84%) followed by elephant footprints with clear water (39.13%) and with turbid water (26.19%), whereas in forest fringe areas, the vector breeding was more prominent in elephant footprints: 65.11% in clear water and 62.5% in turbid water. Although other habitats had shown only low breeding of the vector, all types of habitats were positively correlated with malaria occurrence. Cattle hoof marks (r = 0.998) and elephant footprint (turbid; r = ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3785890 Fri, 23 Jul 2010 12:14:01 +0100 3785890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3779496&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk7156n1215570406%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory What's NewDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0335-9Authors Sara E. Howard Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3779496 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 07:53:30 +0100 3779496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3779497&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F38r3030u7m327710%2F We report results of a longitudinal study performed in a locality of the Andean region of Chubut Province. From November 2003 (spring) to July 2006 (winter), O. longicaudatus was the most common species captured (63%) and it showed significant differences in abundance among habitats and seasons. Most antibody-positive rodents were O. longicaudatus (9.2%), followed by A. longipilis (3.6%) and A. olivaceus (1.5%). The highest number of antibody-positive animals was observed for males that belonged to the heaviest mass classes. Antibody-positive O. longicaudatus were more abundant in brush habitats. We found low richness of rodents and abundance of O. longicaudatus in areas affected by anthropogenic activity. The infection seems to be regionally persistent, but the risk to humans in a lan... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3779497 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 07:53:29 +0100 3779497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3779498&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0t5u3567t56117u%2F Abstract  Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (commonly known as flying-foxes) are the natural hosts of several recently emerged zoonotic viruses of animal and human health significance in Australia and Asia, including Hendra and Nipah viruses. Satellite telemetry was used on nine flying-foxes of three species (Pteropus alecto n = 5, P. vampyrus n = 2, and P. neohibernicus n = 2) to determine the scale and pattern of their long-distance movements and their potential to transfer these viruses between countries in the region. The animals were captured and released from six different locations in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste. Their movements were recorded for a median of 120 (range, 47–342) days with a median total distan... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3779498 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 07:53:28 +0100 3779498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742066&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc6x7232523v549jl%2F We present hematological reference ranges for southern Beaufort Sea polar bears. Hematological parameters in southern Beaufort Sea polar bears varied by age, geographic location, and reproductive status. Total leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and serum immunoglobulin G were significantly greater in males than females. These measures were greater in nonlactating females ages ≥5, than lactating adult females ages ≥5, suggesting that females encumbered by young may be less resilient to new immune system challenges that may accompany ongoing climate change. Hematological values established here provide a necessary baseline for anticipated changes in health as arctic temperatures warm and sea-ice declines accelerate. Data suggest that females with dependent young may b... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742066 Fri, 09 Jul 2010 06:18:19 +0100 3742066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3742065&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl88kj0vln2626851%2F Abstract  Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a seasonal disease in Bangladesh that coincides with the date palm sap collection season. Raw date palm sap is a delicacy to drink in Bengali culture. If fruit bats that are infected with NiV gain access to the sap for drinking, they might occasionally contaminate the sap through saliva and urine. In February 2007, we conducted a qualitative study in six villages, interviewing 27 date palm sap collectors (gachhis) within the geographical area where NiV outbreaks have occurred since 2001. Gachhis reported that bats pose a challenge to successful collection of quality sap, because bats drink and defecate into the sap which markedly reduces its value. They know some methods to prevent access by bats and other pests but do not use them con... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3742065 Fri, 09 Jul 2010 06:18:19 +0100 3742065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3736171&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F14297238604w8q02%2F Abstract  Arctic temperatures are increasing in response to greenhouse gas forcing and polar bears have already responded to changing conditions. Declines in body stature and vital rates have been linked to warming-induced loss of sea-ice. As food webs change and human activities respond to a milder Arctic, exposure of polar bears and other arctic marine organisms to infectious agents may increase. Because of the polar bear’s status as arctic ecosystem sentinel, polar bear health could provide an index of changing pathogen occurrence throughout the Arctic, however, exposure and monitoring protocols have yet to be established. We examine prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, and four morbilliviruses (canine distemper [CDV], phocine distemper [PDV], dolphin morbilli... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3736171 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 06:51:54 +0100 3736171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729027&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fqh91lu7805110131%2F Abstract  Increased human population in the Western Kenya highlands has led to reclamation of natural swamps resulting in the creation of habitats suitable for the breeding of Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in the region. Here we report on a study to restore the reclaimed swamp and reverse its suitability as a habitat for malaria vectors. Napier grass-shaded and non-shaded water channels in reclaimed sites in Western Kenya highlands were studied for the presence and density of mosquito larvae, mosquito species composition, and daily variation in water temperature. Shading was associated with 75.5% and 88.4% (P < 0.0001) reduction in anopheline larvae densities and 78.1% and 88% (P < 0.0001) reduction in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729027 Sun, 04 Jul 2010 22:45:07 +0100 3729027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3723076&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2j4026008r57x47%2F Abstract  The History of medicine describes the emergence and recognition of infectious diseases, and human attempts to stem them. It also throws light on the role of changing environmental conditions on disease emergence/re-emergence, establishment and, sometimes, disappearance. However, the dynamics of infectious diseases is also influenced by the relationships between the community of interacting infectious agents present at a given time in a given territory, a concept that Mirko Grmek, an historian of medicine, conceptualized with the word “pathocenosis”. The spatial and temporal evolution of diseases, when observed at the appropriate scales, illustrates how a change in the pathocenosis, whether of “natural” or anthropic origin, can lead to the emergence and spr... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3723076 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 07:43:35 +0100 3723076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3717479&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr143183016h2v34p%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory What’s New?DOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0329-7Authors Sara. E. Howard Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3717479 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 15:14:44 +0100 3717479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3717480&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc00v0k4512203872%2F This study explores the patterns of HPAI H5N1 persistence worldwide, and for China, Indonesia, and India includes individual provinces that have reported HPAI H5N1 presence during the 2004–2008 period. Multivariate analysis of a set of 14 agricultural, environmental, climatic, and socio-economic factors demonstrates in quantitative terms that a combination of six variables discriminates the areas with human cases and persistence: agricultural population density, duck density, duck by chicken density, chicken density, the product of agricultural population density and chicken output/input ratio, and purchasing power per capita. The analysis identifies five agro-ecological clusters, or niches, representing varying degrees of disease persistence. The agro-ecological distances of all s... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3717480 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 14:05:48 +0100 3717480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3717481&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu273g23125260174%2F Abstract  The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been linked to extinction and decline of numerous amphibians. We studied the population-level effects of Bd in two post-decline anuran species, Eleutherodactylus coqui and E. portoricensis, at El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico. Data on amphibian abundance was updated to report long-term population trends. Mark–recapture data was used to monitor Bd-infection status and estimate survival probabilities of infected versus uninfected adults. Prevalence of Bd (number of infected/total sampled) and individual infection level (number of zoospores) were compared among age classes at Palo Colorado Forest (661 m) and Elfin Forest (850 m). Results revealed that both species continued to decrease in Palo ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3717481 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 14:05:45 +0100 3717481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3694361&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe318w5554185w51l%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AcknowledgementsDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0325-y Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3694361 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 14:04:28 +0100 3694361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3694362&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw567761h24166728%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssueDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0328-8 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3694362 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 14:04:27 +0100 3694362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3670266&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm7h1145225188064%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory About the CoverDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0319-9Authors Peter Daszak, Wildlife Trust 460 West 34th St., 17th Floor New York NY 10001 USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3670266 Mon, 14 Jun 2010 14:16:11 +0100 3670266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3643783&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp1g5467114407402%2F Abstract  The global trade in illegal wildlife is a multi-billion dollar industry that threatens biodiversity and acts as a potential avenue for invasive species and disease spread. Despite the broad-sweeping implications of illegal wildlife sales, scientists have yet to describe the scope and scale of the trade. Here, we provide the most thorough and current description of the illegal wildlife trade using 12 years of seizure records compiled by TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network. These records comprise 967 seizures including massive quantities of ivory, tiger skins, live reptiles, and other endangered wildlife and wildlife products. Most seizures originate in Southeast Asia, a recently identified hotspot for future emerging infectious diseases. To date, re... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3643783 Fri, 04 Jun 2010 06:48:49 +0100 3643783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3643784&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fav16541053109107%2F Abstract  Chytridiomycosis (Bd) is contributing to amphibian extinctions worldwide but has so far not been detected in Madagascar. The high likelihood for Bd to spread to the island and efface this amphibian diversity and endemism hotspot requires respective conservation policies to be developed. Bd could be introduced by the large number of tourists that visit protected areas; therefore, increasing awareness among tourists and encouraging them to participate in safety measures should be a priority conservation action. However, concerns have been raised that tourists would not be able to distinguish between an amphibian disease harmless to humans and emerging diseases that would imply a danger for human health, invoking a negative image of Madagascar as an ecotourism destina... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3643784 Wed, 02 Jun 2010 14:08:51 +0100 3643784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3628517&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw776261645327g41%2F Abstract  Sin Nombre virus (SNV) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans. Transmission of SNV among the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) host predominates during spring and summer, and is greater in peridomestic than sylvan settings where, protected from UV light, SNV may survive longer. Incidence of HCPS reflects these times and settings and is associated with inhalation of mouse excreta. Little is known, however, about how human use of outbuildings contributes to potential exposure to SNV. Here, the frequency and seasonality of outbuilding use by humans was evaluated, via a survey of rural residents in western Montana, to quantify human behaviors and potential risk of exposure to SNV. Retrieving or return of tools and scooping feed/grain were the mo... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3628517 Fri, 28 May 2010 15:11:21 +0100 3628517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611769&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3476v02874882724%2F Abstract  Our ability to predict the effects of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases is in its infancy. Numerous, and in some cases conflicting, predictions have been developed, principally based on models of biological processes or mapping of current and historical disease statistics. Current debates on whether climate change, relative to socioeconomic determinants, will be a major influence on human disease distributions are useful to help identify research needs but are probably artificially polarized. We have at least identified many of the critical geophysical constraints, transport opportunities, biotic requirements for some disease systems, and some of the socioeconomic factors that govern the process of migration and establishment of parasites and pat... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611769 Tue, 25 May 2010 05:42:35 +0100 3611769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3602429&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq01n855r3143322g%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory What's NewDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0315-0Authors Holly Jessop Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3602429 Fri, 21 May 2010 21:10:21 +0100 3602429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3584553&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F625j05765807528h%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0294-1Authors Yvonne Njage, National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center Bethesda MD 20892 USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3584553 Wed, 19 May 2010 10:52:34 +0100 3584553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3563065&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0178nk08835v2703%2F Abstract  Wild bird fecal samples collected and characterized by the USDA as part of a national surveillance effort were sequenced to study the genetic relatedness of avian, swine, and human H1 and N1 subtypes. Our results find that the 2009 H1N1 human outbreak is closely related to swine virus, but falls into different clades in the H1 and N1 trees. Further, there is evidence of multiple viral genetic exchanges between birds and swine. Ongoing research across host species contributes to an understanding of the circulation of influenza viruses. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s10393-009-0270-9Authors Antoinette J. Piaggio, Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture 4101 LaPorte Avenue... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3563065 Tue, 11 May 2010 08:10:31 +0100 3563065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3563066&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp55v271877766264%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Book ReviewDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0311-4Authors Evan Doran, The University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Newcastle NSW Australia Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3563066 Tue, 11 May 2010 08:10:30 +0100 3563066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541479&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj768272r74217wx6%2F This study used experimental plague challenge to assess susceptibility in wild-caught rats to better understand how R. rattus can act as a plague reservoir. An important difference in plague resistance between rat populations from the plague focus (central highlands) and those from the plague-free zone (low altitude area) was confirmed to be a widespread phenomenon. In rats from the plague focus, we observed that sex influenced plague susceptibility, with males slightly more resistant than females. Other individual factors investigated (weight and habitat of sampling) did not affect plague resistance. When infected at high bacterial dose (more than 105 bacteria injected), rats from the plague focus died mainly within 3–5 days and produced specific antibodies, whereas after low... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541479 Wed, 05 May 2010 08:12:57 +0100 3541479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3514416&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft4760327g0371k87%2F We describe a host-parasite system that involves reindeer, arthropods, and nematodes, which may contribute as a factor to ongoing declines documented for this ungulate species across northern ecosystems. We demonstrate that mean summer temperatures exceeding 14°C drive the emergence of disease due to S. tundra. An association between climate and emergence of filarioid parasites is a challenge to ecosystem services with direct effects on public health, sustainability of free-ranging and domestic ungulates, and ultimately food security for subsistence cultures at high latitudes. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0308-zAuthors Sauli Laaksonen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (FINPAR) P.O. Box 517 FI-90101 Oulu FinlandJyrki Pusenius,... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3514416 Tue, 27 Apr 2010 06:57:25 +0100 3514416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3510509&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5v27kq2572810733%2F Abstract  Our understanding of disease ecology can be enhanced by the use of spatially explicit models and a biogeographic perspective. For example, disease emergence is partially a function of shifts in the geographic ranges of pathogens and hosts. Biogeographic approaches can be used to help us understand the interaction of host and pathogen diversity. Climate change is a global phenomenon that will require a biogeographic perspective if we are to predict its affect on global disease burden. Studies of disease ecology can enhance our general understanding of the effects of global change on species’ distributions by providing useful case studies for developing and testing models. Possibly most important, studies of the spread of pathogens has the promise of giving us a g... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3510509 Mon, 26 Apr 2010 05:56:59 +0100 3510509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3510510&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn107p165j14374m4%2F Abstract  Millions of people living in India are at risk by consuming arsenic contaminated groundwater. Several technological solutions have failed to address the problem due to segmental approaches, resulting in human suffering for a period of three decades. The article is based on an analysis of arsenic-related health problems from an ecosystem perspective through a primary survey conducted in five arsenic affected villages in the state of West Bengal and review of existing research and policy documents. Although modern agricultural practices and drinking water policies have resulted in arsenic contamination of groundwater, current mitigation policy is essentially confined to biomedical approaches, which includes potable water supply and medical care. The study also shows... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3510510 Sat, 24 Apr 2010 08:06:50 +0100 3510510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3502632&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0381781210201332%2F Abstract  Global wildlife trade exacerbates the spread of nonindigenous species. Pathogens also move with hosts through trade and often are released into naïve populations with unpredictable outcomes. Amphibians are moved commercially for pets, food, bait, and biomedicine, and are an excellent model for studying how wildlife trade relates to pathogen pollution. Ranaviruses are amphibian pathogens associated with annual population die-offs; multiple strains of tiger salamander ranaviruses move through the bait trade in the western United States. Ranaviruses infect amphibians, reptiles, and fish and are of additional concern because they can switch hosts. Tiger salamanders are used as live bait for freshwater fishing and are a potential source for ranaviruses switching hosts... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3502632 Thu, 22 Apr 2010 09:23:32 +0100 3502632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3470951&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq7u64pn53n7523x6%2F Abstract  The discovery that Chironex fleckeri occurs annually in northern Australia occurred long ago, possibly before written records were available by local indigenous people, however, to date the precision of this yearly phenomenon is still not fully understood. Sea surface temperature (SST) appears to be a determining factor signaling the “arrival” of C. fleckeri each year. Anthropogenic climate change modeling predicts global rises in SST. Rises in SST may result in an earlier “arrival” of C. fleckeri during the dry season, possibly necessitating extension of the official Northern Territory stinger season to commence in September (currently October through to June). This short report presents data to support this hypothesis, facilitating policy makers with an e... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3470951 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 05:53:44 +0100 3470951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3452637&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5m75386275l5732%2F Abstract  Although the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the etiological agent of amphibian chytridiomycosis, has been implicated in mass mortality and population declines on several continents around the world, there have been no reports on the presence of Bd infections in amphibians in China. We employed quantitative PCR and histological techniques to investigate the presence of Bd in introduced North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) (referred to hereafter as bullfrog) and native amphibians in bullfrog-invaded areas of the Yunnan Province, China. A total of 259 samples at five wild sites were collected between June and September in 2007 and 2008, including bullfrogs and four native amphibian species (Rana pleuraden, Rana chaochiaoensis, Odorrana ander... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3452637 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 18:08:51 +0100 3452637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3452636&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F55810753p7182633%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory In This IssueDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0302-5 Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3452636 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 18:08:51 +0100 3452636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3452638&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F823028j70394p4m6%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Cover EssayDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0305-2Authors Peter Daszak, Wildlife Trust New York NY USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3452638 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 05:35:32 +0100 3452638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3436096&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flu7wgk595v1hhm64%2F Abstract  Assessments of ecological integrity have become commonplace for biological conservation, but their role for public health analysis remains largely unexplored. We tested the prediction that the ecological integrity of streams would provide an indicator of human cancer mortality rates in West Virginia, USA. We characterized ecological integrity using an index of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure (West Virginia Stream Condition Index, SCI) and quantified human cancer mortality rates using county-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Regression and spatial analyses revealed significant associations between ecological integrity and public health. SCI was negatively related to age-adjusted total cancer mortality per 100,000 people. ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3436096 Fri, 02 Apr 2010 08:50:01 +0100 3436096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3434600&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxr418p3588v72676%2F Abstract  Understanding linkages between household behavior and Aedes aegypti (L.) larval ecology is essential for community-based dengue mitigation. Here we associate water storage behaviors with the rate of A. aegypti pupal production in three dengue-endemic Colombian cities with different mean temperatures. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews and pupal counts were conducted over a 7–15-day period in 235 households containing a water storage vessel infested with larvae. Emptying vessels more often than every 7 days strongly reduced pupal production in all three cities. Emptying every 7–15 days reduced production by a similar magnitude as emptying <7 days in Armenia (21.9°C), has a threefold smaller reduction as compared to <7 days in Buca... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3434600 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 07:49:01 +0100 3434600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3432070&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq7g1764012541870%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0304-3Authors Katherine F. Smith, Brown University Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Providence RI USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3432070 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 05:43:28 +0100 3432070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3410500&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm346h40p822m0rw3%2F Abstract  Understanding the causes of infectious disease to facilitate better control requires observational and experimental studies. Often these must be conducted at many scales such as at the molecular, cellular, organism, and population level. Studies need to consider both intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the pathogen/host interaction. They also require a combination of study methods covered by disciplines such as pathology, epidemiology, microbiology, and ecology. Therefore, it is important that disciplines work together when designing and conducting studies. Finally, we need to integrate and interpret data across levels and disciplines to better formulate control strategies. This requires another group of specialists with broad cross-disciplinary training in ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3410500 Thu, 25 Mar 2010 05:51:49 +0100 3410500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3402606&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F730n181284r751t1%2F In this study, we analyzed this relationship for 290 human pathogenic species dispersed throughout the world to test whether pathogenic organisms with different ecological niches and strategies will show this trend. The midpoint method was used to calculate the correlation between the geographical range size and the latitude applied to different subsets of pathogens, including taxonomic subdivisions (bacteria, viruses, helminths, protozoans, and fungi) and categories based on transmission mode and host specificity. It is assumed that Rapoport’s spatial pattern may exist for human infectious diseases, whatever hemisphere is considered, for 5 to 7 of 8 of the selected groups, depending on the pathogen species included. This is the first study performed to investigate Rapoport’s pat... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3402606 Tue, 23 Mar 2010 07:55:08 +0100 3402606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386726&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F23v829110q411243%2F We examined associations between riparian canopy cover, presence or absence of cattle, rainfall, solar radiation, month of year, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, salinity, and Enterococcus concentrations in riparian surface soils with Enterococcus geometric mean in-stream water concentrations at Waipā watershed on the north side of the Hawaiian island Kaua’i. Each 1% decrease in riparian canopy cover was associated with a 4.6 most probable number (MPN)/100 ml increase of the geometric mean of Enterococcus in stream water (P < 0.05). Each unit decrease in salinity (ppt) was associated with an increase of Enterococcus by 68.2 MPN/100 ml in-stream water geometric mean concentrations (P < 0.05). Month of year was also associated with increases in stream wa... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386726 Fri, 19 Mar 2010 06:49:56 +0100 3386726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386727&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fux7758002r2u7655%2F Abstract  Many studies have examined the long-term effects of selective logging on the abundance and diversity of free-ranging primates. Logging is known to reduce the abundance of some primate species through associated hunting and the loss of food trees for frugivores; however, the potential role of pathogens in such primate population declines is largely unexplored. Selective logging results in a suite of alterations in host ecology and forest structure that may alter pathogen dynamics in resident wildlife populations. In addition, environmental pollution with human fecal material may present a risk for wildlife infections with zoonotic protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. To better understand this interplay, we compared patterns of infection with these potentia... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386727 Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:36:20 +0100 3386727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377369&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb2787j3826502922%2F This study is the first to show on a statewide basis adverse infant mortality effects of environmental manganese. These pilot data argue for further research into a broad range of developmental effects and also may be useful to regulatory agencies interested in protecting communities’ health. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ContributionDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0291-4Authors Andrew H. Spangler, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC 27157 USAJohn G. Spangler, Wake Forest University School of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Journal EcoHealthOnline ISSN 1612-9210Print ISSN 1612-9202 (Source: EcoHealth) EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377369 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 08:50:36 +0100 3377369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377370&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj80v705vw7h63180%2F Abstract  Causes of disease and mortality in marine turtles are frequently based on opportunistic investigations producing results that may not contribute to knowledge on how to protect their survival rate. Over a 4-year period (2006–2009), the major causes of stranding and morbidity in 100 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from southern Queensland on the east coast of Australia were determined by comprehensive postmortem examination. Lesions were characterized for analysis using descriptive and probability statistics. Spirorchiid parasitism was found to be the most frequently occurring cause of mortality (41.8%), followed by gastrointestinal impaction (11.8%), microbiological infectious diseases (5.2%), and trauma (5.2%). Spirorchiid parasitism with associated inflammation (... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377370 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 08:50:35 +0100 3377370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377372&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F92g57jp0531242mq%2F This study examined the association of human and environmental factors with the presence of Aedes aegypti, the vector for dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, in a desert region in the southwest United States and northwest Mexico. Sixty-eight sites were longitudinally surveyed along the United States–Mexico border in Tucson, AZ, Nogales, AZ, and Nogales, Sonora during a 3-year period. Aedes aegypti presence or absence at each site was measured three times per year using standard oviposition traps. Maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity were measured hourly at each site. Field inventories were conducted to measure human housing factors potentially affecting mosquito presence, such as the use of air-conditioning and evaporative coolers, outdoor vegetation cover, and a... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377372 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 08:50:33 +0100 3377372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377371&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh461p459065x1751%2F Abstract  Many of the most virulent emerging infectious diseases in humans, e.g., AIDS and Ebola, are zoonotic, having shifted from wildlife populations. Critical questions for predicting disease emergence are: (1) what determines when and where a disease will first cross from one species to another, and (2) which factors facilitate emergence after a successful host shift. In wild primates, infectious diseases most often are shared between species that are closely related and inhabit the same geographic region. Therefore, humans may be most vulnerable to diseases from the great apes, which include chimpanzees and gorillas, because these species represent our closest relatives. Geographic overlap may provide the opportunity for cross-species transmission, but successful infe... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377371 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 08:50:33 +0100 3377371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3369357&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx48h93107t1n7758%2F The objective of this study was to assess spatial and temporal associations between cattle density and hospitalizations for protozoan infections in the U.S. elderly. Data on protozoan infections were abstracted from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services datasets for a 14-year period (1991–2004). Cattle inventory data were abstracted from the 2002 U.S. Census of Agriculture. Counties were classified into one of five exposure categories based on both cattle density and human density. Our analyses considered differences in rates, trends, and variations in seasonal patterns based on exposure categories. Cryptosporidiosis demonstrated a trend of increasing annual rates related to increased potential exposure to cattle. Both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis demonstrated significant ... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3369357 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 12:25:19 +0100 3369357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3369356&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F720k67509828j28t%2F Abstract  Lyme disease risk is increasing in the United States due in part to the spread of blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis, the principal vector of the spirochetal pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. A 5-year study was undertaken to investigate hypothesized coinvasion of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi in Lower Michigan. We tracked the spatial and temporal dynamics of the tick and spirochete using mammal, bird, and vegetation drag sampling at eight field sites along coastal and inland transects originating in a zone of recent I. scapularis establishment. We document northward invasion of these ticks along Michigan’s west coast during the study period; this pattern was most evident in ticks removed from rodents. B. burgdorferi infection prevalences in I. scapularis sampl... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3369356 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 12:25:19 +0100 3369356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363499&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F31738r1271738861%2F Abstract  Amphibians are globally declining and approximately one-third of all species are threatened with extinction. Some of the most severe declines have occurred suddenly and for unknown reasons in apparently pristine habitats. It has been hypothesized that these “rapid enigmatic declines” are the result of a panzootic of the disease chytridiomycosis caused by globally emerging amphibian chytrid fungus. In a Species Distribution Model, we identified the potential distribution of this pathogen. Areas and species from which rapid enigmatic decline are known significantly overlap with those of highest environmental suitability to the chytrid fungus. We confirm the plausibility of a link between rapid enigmatic decline in worldwide amphibian species and epizootic chytri... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363499 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 06:49:20 +0100 3363499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363500&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa626864246u58p22%2F Abstract  Water security is at the forefront of public attention in Australia. One response to Australia’s current water situation is water recycling; however, community responses to recycling have been contentious. Examining reactions to recycling reveals that debates are underpinned by competing discourses about water, giving rise to different ways of talking, writing, making meaning, and responding to issues of water security. In 2007 a local government in Australia considered a proposal to augment domestic water storages with highly treated wastewater. This was referred to as the “Water2WATER” project. A 3-month community consultation was conducted, including health and environmental assessments. Despite apparently favorable recommendations, the proposal was not c... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363500 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 06:49:18 +0100 3363500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357801&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl6823jx8tm0j6711%2F Abstract  Ranaviruses have been associated with die-offs in cultured amphibians in China, but their presence in wild amphibians has not yet been assessed. We sampled free-ranging Rana dybowskii at seven sites throughout Heilongjiang Province to determine the presence and prevalence of ranaviruses in this region. Our results revealed an overall infection prevalence of 5.7% (18/315) for adults and 42.5% (51/120) for tadpoles by PCR. PCR-amplified product showed a high degree of homology with several members of the Iridoviridae, mostly with those belonging to the genus Ranavirus. The results indicate that ranaviruses are broadly distributed throughout Heilongjiang Province and could have important implications for the health of native wildlife. Additional sampling and management... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357801 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:17:28 +0100 3357801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357803&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb05727wp53285482%2F This article explores how common urban places can foster links between people and nature, and generate positive health and well-being outcomes. We achieve this by exploring nature in the everyday settings of schools and residential housing. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s10393-010-0282-5Authors Cecily J. Maller, RMIT University Global Cities Institute and Centre for Design, College of Design and Social Context GPO Box 2476 Melbourne VIC 3001 AustraliaClaire Henderson-Wilson, Deakin University School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences Melbourne AustraliaMardie Townsend, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Medicine, Nursing and Behavioural Sciences Melbourne Australia Journal E... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357803 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:17:27 +0100 3357803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3357802&cid=s_33409_55_f&fid=33409&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu267650564362421%2F Abstract  A significant challenge exists in assessing the social and ecological impacts of development projects in a holistic and comprehensive manner. Our objective is to elucidate the linkages between ecological change and human well-being, and its importance in integrated assessment policy for development projects, using the Three Gorges Dam (China) as a case study. A collaborative research initiative was undertaken to review and synthesize published information on the ecological and human health effects of the Three Gorges Dam. Our synthesis suggests that the Three Gorges Dam has altered social–ecological dynamics of human health and ecosystem function in the Yangtze River basin with significant consequences for human well-being. Direct impacts to human well-being wer... EcoHealth journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3357802 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:17:27 +0100 3357802