MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Environmental Pollution' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 15:52:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379342&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20227150%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kelsey JW, Slizovskiy IB, Peters RD, Melnick AM Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil sterilization on the bioavailability of spiked p,p'-DDE and anthracene to the earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. Physical and chemical changes to soil organic matter (SOM) induced by sterilization were also studied. Uptake of both compounds added after soil was autoclaved or gamma irradiated increased for E. fetida. Sterilization had no effect on bioaccumulation of p,p'-DDE by L. terrestris, and anthracene uptake increased only in gamma-irradiated soils. Analyses by FT-IR and DSC indicate sterilization alters SOM chemistry and may reduce pollutant sorption. Chemical changes to SOM were tentatively linked to changes in bioaccumulation, although th... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379342 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379339&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20227802%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chou J, Clement G, Bursavich B, Elbers D, Cao B, Zhou W The aim of this study was the multi-elemental detection of toxic metals such as lead (Pb) in non-crushed oyster shells by using a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. A rapid, simultaneous multi-element analytical methodology for non-crushed oyster shells has been developed using a portable XRF which provides a quick, quantitative, non-destructive, and cost-effective mean for assessment of oyster shell contamination from Pb. Pb contamination in oyster shells was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that Pb is distributed in-homogeneously in contaminated shells. Oyster shells have a lamellar structure that could contribute to the h... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379339 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379336&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20227804%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo R, Nendel C, Rahn C, Jiang C, Chen Q Vegetable production in China is associated with high inputs of nitrogen, posing a risk of losses to the environment. Organic matter mineralisation is a considerable source of nitrogen (N) which is hard to quantify. In a two-year greenhouse cucumber experiment with different N treatments in North China, non-observed pathways of the N cycle were estimated using the EU-Rotate_N simulation model. EU-Rotate_N was calibrated against crop dry matter and soil moisture data to predict crop N uptake, soil mineral N contents, N mineralisation and N loss. Crop N uptake (Modelling Efficiencies (ME) between 0.80 and 0.92) and soil mineral N contents in different soil layers (ME between 0.24 and 0.74) were satisfactorily simulated by the model for al... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379336 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379333&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20227805%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated if atmospheric ammonia (NH(3)) pollution around a sheep farm influences the photosynthetic performance of the lichens Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea. Thalli of both species were transplanted for up to 30 days in a semi-arid region (Crete, Greece), at sites with concentrations of atmospheric ammonia of ca. 60 mug/m(3) (at a sheep farm), ca. 15 mug/m(3) (60 m from the sheep farm) and ca. 2 mug/m(3) (a remote area 5 km away). Lichen photosynthesis was analysed by the chlorophyll a fluorescence emission to identify targets of ammonia pollution. The results indicated that the photosystem II of the two lichens exposed to NH(3) is susceptible to this pollutant in the gas-phase. The parameter PI(ABS), a global index of photosynthetic performance that combines... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379333 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379330&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20227803%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nyholm JR, Lundberg C, Andersson PL The purpose of the present study was to investigate the biodegradation kinetics in aerobic and anaerobic soil of the following brominated flame retardants: 2,4,4'-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE 28), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (246BrPh), and hexabromobenzene (HxBrBz). For comparison, the biodegradation of the chlorinated compounds 2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether (CDE 28), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246ClPh), hexachlorobenzene (HxClBz), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) was also assessed. In aerobic soil, BDE 209 showed no significant degradation during the test period, but concentrations of the other BFRs declined, with half-... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379330 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3379345&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20226578%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the impact of ship emissions in coastal areas of the North Sea under conditions of the year 2000 by means of a regional chemistry transport model which runs on a sufficiently high resolution to study air pollution in coastal regions. It was found that northern Germany and Denmark in summer suffer from more than 50% higher sulphate, nitrate and ammonium aerosol concentrations due to contributions from ships. The implementation of a sulphur emission control area (SECA) in the North Sea, as it was implemented at the end of 2007, directly results in reduced sulphur dioxide and sulphate aerosol concentrations while nitrate aerosol concentrations are slightly increased. PMID: 20226578 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3379345 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3379345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360013&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20219274%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beesley L, Moreno-Jiménez E, Gomez-Eyles JL Applying amendments to multi-element contaminated soils can have contradictory effects on the mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of specific elements, depending on the amendment. Trace elements and PAHs were monitored in a contaminated soil amended with biochar and greenwaste compost over 60 days field exposure, after which phytotoxicity was assessed by a simple bio-indicator test. Copper and As concentrations in soil pore water increased more than 30 fold after adding both amendments, associated with significant increases in dissolved organic carbon and pH, whereas Zn and Cd significantly decreased. Biochar was most effective, resulting in a 10 fold decrease of Cd in pore water and a resultant reduction in phytotoxicity. Co... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360013 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3360013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3360012&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20219275%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng H, Liu Y, Tam NF, Wang X, Li SY, Chen GZ, Ye ZH Root anatomy, radial oxygen loss (ROL) and zinc (Zn) uptake and tolerance in mangrove plants were investigated using seedlings of Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa. The results revealed that B. gymnorrhiza, which possessed the 'tightest barrier' in ROL spatial patterns among the three species studied, took up the least Zn and showed the highest Zn tolerance. Furthermore, zinc significantly decreased the ROL of all three plants by inhibition of root permeability, which included an obvious thickening of outer cortex and significant increases of lignification in cell walls. The results of SEM X-ray microanalysis further confirmed that such an inducible, low permeability of roots was likely an... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3360012 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3360012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3346829&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206425%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beeby A, Richmond L Helicid snails appear to regulate Pb more closely than other toxic metals, though it is reported as the least toxic. No regulatory mechanism has been described in animals, and the possible role of Mg in limiting Pb assimilation is examined here for the first time. Three populations of Cantareus aspersus were fed Pb and Ca with three levels of Mg for up to 64 days. Metal assimilation and production efficiency was calculated for each of 108 snails. Populations differed in their pattern of uptake but soft tissue Pb was unaffected by dietary Mg. The proportion of Pb assimilated did not change as soft tissue concentrations increased, indicating no specific regulatory mechanism. The daily addition of Pb to the soft tissues increases with growth rate suggesting up... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3346829 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3346829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3346828&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206426%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wong F, Bidleman TF Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) was used as a non-exhaustive extractant for organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in muck soil. An optimized extraction method was developed which involved using a HPCD to soil mass ratio of 5.8 with a single extraction period of 20h. An aging experiment was performed by spiking a muck soil with (13)C-labeled OCs and non-labeled PCBs. The soil was extracted with the optimized HPCD method and Soxhlet apparatus with dichloromethane over 550d periodically. The HPCD extractability of the spiked OCs was greater than of the native OCs. A decreased in HPCD extractability was observed for the spiked OCs after 550d of aging and their extractability approached those of the natives. The partition co... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3346828 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3346828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3346827&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206427%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we aimed to assess the dioxin- and estrogen-like activities of contaminants extracted from twenty species of freshwater and seawater fishes, using luciferase reporter assays. Transfected MCF7 cells were treated with sample extracts and luciferase activities were then measured at 24-h of post-treatment. The mean values of the detected dioxin- and estrogen-like activities in the freshwater fishes were 25.3 pg TEQ/g ww and 102.3 pM EEQ/g ww whereas in the seawater fishes, the values were 46.2 pg TEQ/g ww and 118.8 pM EEQ/g ww. Using sample-relevant dosage of estrogen, inductions of cell proliferation markers (i.e. retinoblastoma, cyclin D) and stimulations of cell growth were revealed by Western blotting, colony formation and BrdU uptake assays. A cotreatment with TCDD significa... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3346827 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3346827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3346826&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206428%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated tissue C, total Chl and delta(13)C of epilithic mosses along 2 transects across Guiyang urban (SW China), aiming at testing their responses to N deposition. Tissue C and total Chl decreased from the urban to rural, but delta(13)C(moss) became less negative. With measurements of atmospheric CO(2) and delta(13)CO(2), elevated N deposition was inferred as a primary factor for changes in moss C and isotopic signatures. Correlations between total Chl, tissue C and N signals indicated a nutritional effect on C fixation of epilithic mosses, but the response of delta(13)C(moss) to N deposition could not be clearly differentiated from effects of other factors. Collective evidences suggest that C signals of epilithic mosses are useful proxies for N deposition but further work... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3346826 Wed, 03 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3346826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339883&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20202727%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Reichenberg F, Karlson UG, Gustafsson O, Long SM, Pritchard PH, Mayer P Composting of manufactured gas plant soil by a commercial enterprise had removed most of its polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but concentrations remained above regulatory threshold levels. Several amendments and treatments were first tested to restart the PAH degradation, albeit with little success. The working hypothesis was then that PAHs were "stuck" due to strong sorption to black carbon. Accessibility was measured with cyclodextrin extractions and on average only 4% of the PAHs were accessible. Chemical activity of the PAHs was measured by equilibrium sampling, which confirmed a low exposure level. These results are consistent with strong sorption to black carbon (BC), which constituted 59% of... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339883 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339887&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199830%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we present a general protocol for the making of surface-imprinted core-shell magnetic beads via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as the chain transfer agent. The resulting composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface-imprinted magnetic beads were demonstrated with a homogeneous polymer films (thickness of about 22 nm), spherical shape, and exhibited magnetic property (Ms = 0.41 mA m(2) g(-1)) and thermal stability. Rebinding experiments were carried out to de... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339887 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339886&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang R, Wang Y, Li A, Zhang Q, Jing C, Wang T, Wang P, Li Y, Jiang G High mountains may play significant roles in the global transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aims to investigate the levels, patterns and distribution of semi-volatile organoclorine pollutants and to improve the understanding of the long-range atmospheric transport and fate of contaminants on the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 60 fish samples were collected from eight lakes located between 2813 and 4718 m above sea level across the Plateau. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in fish muscle. The resul... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339886 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339885&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199832%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fu X, Feng X, Zhu W, Rothenberg S, Yao H, Zhang H Mt. Gongga area in southwest China was impacted by Hg emissions from industrial activities and coal combustion, and annual means of atmospheric TGM and PHg concentrations at a regional background station were 3.98 ng m(-3) and 30.7 pg m(-3), respectively. This work presents a mass balance study of Hg in an upland forest in this area. Atmospheric deposition was highly elevated in the study area, with the annual mean THg deposition flux of 92.5 mug m(-2) yr(-1). Total deposition was dominated by dry deposition (71.8%), and wet deposition accounted for the remaining 28.2%. Forest was a large pool of atmospheric Hg, and nearly 76% of the atmospheric input was stored in forest soil. Volatilization and stream outflow were identified ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339885 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3339884&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20199833%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang W, Massey Simonich SL, Xue M, Zhao J, Zhang N, Wang R, Cao J, Tao S The concentrations, profiles, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 surface soil samples collected from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China in 2007, and all sampling sites were far from industrial areas, roadsides and other pollution sources, and across a range of soil types in remote, rural villages and urban areas. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 31.6 to 1475.0 ng/g, with an arithmetic average of 336.4 ng/g. The highest PAH concentrations were measured in urban soils, followed by rural village soils and soils from remote locations. The remote-rural village-urban PAH concentration gradient was related to populatio... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3339884 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3339884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327817&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20193975%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the efficacy of the metal chelating resin SIR 300 in adsorbing porewater metals and isolating pathways of metal exposure. A field experiment (Botany Bay, Sydney, Australia) and a laboratory toxicity test each manipulated the availability of porewater metals within contaminated and uncontaminated sediments. It was predicted that within contaminated sediments, the resin would adsorb porewater metals and reduce toxicity to invertebrates, but in uncontaminated sediments, the resin would not significantly affect these variables. Whereas in the laboratory, the resin produced the predicted results, in the field the resin increased porewater metal concentrations of contaminated sediments for at least 34 days and decreased abundances of four macroinvertebrate groups, and ric... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327817 Sat, 27 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327819&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189696%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we measured via surgical sampling hepatic EROD activity in yellow-legged gulls from oiled and unoiled colonies, 17 months after the Prestige oil spill. We also analyzed stable isotope composition in feathers of the biopsied gulls, in an attempt to monitor oil incorporation into marine food web. We found that yellow-legged gulls in oiled colonies were being exposed to remnant oil as shown by hepatic EROD activity levels. EROD activity was related to feeding habits of individual gulls with apparent consequences on delayed lethality. Capture-recapture analysis of biopsied gulls suggests that the surgery technique did not affect gull survival, giving support to this technique as a monitoring tool for oil exposure assessment. Our study highlights the combination of different vete... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327819 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327818&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Litter MI, Morgada ME, Bundschuh J Considering the toxic effects of arsenic, the World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 10 mug L(-1) of arsenic in drinking water. Latin American populations present severe health problems due to consumption of waters with high arsenic contents. The physicochemical properties of surface and groundwaters are different from those of other more studied regions of the planet, and the problem is still publicly unknown. Methods for arsenic removal suitable to be applied in Latin American waters are here summarized and commented. Conventional technologies (oxidation, coagulation-coprecipitation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, use of ion exchangers) are described, but emphasis is made in emergent decentralized economical methods a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327818 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327821&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Del Toro I, Floyd K, Gardea-Torresdey J, Borrok D Heavy metal contamination can negatively impact arid ecosystems; however a thorough examination of bioaccumulation patterns has not been completed. We analyzed the distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soils, seeds and ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) populations of the Chihuahuan Desert near El Paso, TX, USA. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in soils, seeds and ants declined as a function of distance from a now inactive Cu and Pb smelter and all five metals bioaccumulated in the granivorous ants. The average bioaccumulation factors for the metals from seeds to ants ranged from 1.04x (As) to 8.12x (Cd). The findings show bioaccumulation trends in linked trophic levels in an arid ecosystem and further investigation should focus... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327821 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3327820&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20189273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shi JB, Ip CC, Zhang G, Jiang GB, Li XD The spatial and temporal variations of mercury (Hg) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) and the surrounding coastal area (South China Sea) were studied. In surface sediments, the concentrations of Hg ranged from 1.5 to 201ng/g, with an average of 54.4ng/g, displaying a decreasing trend with the distance from the estuary to the open sea. This pattern indicates that the anthropogenic emissions from the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region are probably the main sources of Hg in this coastal region. Using the (210)Pb dating technique, the historical changes in the concentrations and influxes of Hg in the last 100 years were also investigated. The variations in Hg influxes in sediment cores obviously correlate with the economic developmen... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3327820 Thu, 25 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3327820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315258&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185213%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Boer J, Dao QT, van Leeuwen SP, Kotterman MJ, Schobben JH Because of their excellent properties as a biomonitor, yellow eels (Anguilla anguilla) have been used for time-trend monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and tetrabrominated diphenylether (tetra-BDE). The program has now lasted for thirty years and has delivered valuable information on trends and spatial differences of these compounds in the delta of the rivers Rhine and Meuse and other Dutch canals, rivers and lakes. Specific local PCB, HCH and dieldrin contaminations were identified. Temporal trends show a slow decrease of PCB concentrations since 1977. Eels from the rivers Rhine and Meuse still exceed present European maximum residue limits for dioxin-like PCBs. Apart fr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315258 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315257&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185214%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naile JE, Khim JS, Wang T, Chen C, Luo W, Kwon BO, Park J, Koh CH, Jones PD, Lu Y, Giesy JP Soil, sediment, water, and biota collected from the western coast of Korea were analyzed to determine occurrence and sources of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). PFCs were significantly concentrations of PFCs were measured in some water and biological samples, while concentrations of PFCs in soils and sediments were relatively low. The most widely detected compound was found to be perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), with a maximum concentration in water of 450 ng/L and in fish of 612 ng/g, dw. PFOS concentrations in water and biota were both less than those thought to cause toxicity. However, in both cases concentrations were within a factor of 10 of the toxicity threshold concentration. Co... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315257 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315256&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185215%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we tested feathers of nestlings of two common bird species (house wren and American robin) for accumulation of Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Cu, Fe in comparison of a polluted, urban brownfield with a rural, unpolluted site. House wren nestlings at the study site accumulated significantly greater concentrations of all target metals except Zn. At the polluted site we found significant species differences of metal concentrations in feathers, with house wrens accumulating greater concentrations of Pb, Fe, and Zn but slightly lesser accumulations of Cr and Cu than American robins. Although house wren nestlings demonstrated significant accumulation of metals, these concentrations showed little effect on size metrics or fledge rates during the breeding season compared to nestlings from the contr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315256 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315255&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williamson J, Mills G, Freeman C Seven species from two contrasting wetlands, an upland bog and a lowland rich fen in North Wales, UK, were exposed to elevated ozone (150 ppb for 5 days and 20 ppb for 2 days per week) or low ozone (20 ppb) for four weeks in solardomes. The rich fen species were: Molinia caerulea, Juncus subnodulosus, Potentilla erecta and Hydrocotyle vulgaris and the bog species were: Carex echinata, Potentilla erecta and Festuca rubra. Senescence significantly increased under elevated ozone in all seven species but only Molinia caerulea showed a reduction in biomass under elevated ozone. Decomposition rates of plants exposed to elevated ozone, as measured by carbon dioxide efflux from dried plant material inoculated with peat slurry, increased for Potentilla ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315255 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315254&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20185217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dreyer A, Matthias V, Weinberg I, Ebinghaus R Twenty precipitation samples were taken concurrently with air samples at a northern German monitoring site over a period of 7 months in 2007 and 2008. Thirty four poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFC) were determined in rain water samples by solid phase extraction and HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Seventeen compounds were detected in rain water with SigmaPFC concentrations ranging from 1.6 ng L(-1) to 48.6 ng L(-1). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorobutanate (PFBA) were the compounds that were usually observed in highest concentrations. Calculated SigmaPFC deposition rates were between 2 and 91 ng m(-2) d(-1). These findings indicate that particle phase PFC are deposited from the atmosphere by precipitation. A relationship between P... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315254 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3315254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3307914&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20181418%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the influence of solution salinity, pH and the sediment characteristics on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The results showed that the sorption of PFOS onto sediment increased by a factor of 3 as the CaCl(2) concentration increased from 0.005 to 0.5 mol L(-1) at pH 7.0, and nearly 6 at pH 8.0. Desorption hysteresis occurred over all salinity. The thermodynamic index of irreversibility (TII) values increased with increasing concentration of CaCl(2). Maximum irreversibility was found in the sorption systems with CaCl(2) in the concentration of 0.5 mol L(-1). The results suggested that PFOS can be largely removed from the water with increasing salinity, and get trapped onto sediments irreversibly. These phenomena could be explained by s... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3307914 Mon, 22 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3307914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301263&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20176422%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mudd GM, Patterson J The former Rum Jungle uranium-copper project, Australia, is an internationally important case study on environmental pollution from and rehabilitation of mining. The Rum Jungle mining project is briefly reviewed, followed by a critical evaluation of monitoring data and pollution loads prior to and after rehabilitation - leading to the conclusion that rehabilitation has clearly failed the test of time after just two decades. The most critical findings are the need to understand pollution cycles holistically, and designing monitoring regimes to match, explicit inclusion of radiological criteria (lacking in original planning), and finally the need to set targets based on environmental criteria. Two examples include polluted groundwater which was excluded from... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301263 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301262&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20176423%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides evidence that gender can affect organisms responses to a stressor and consequently has to be considered while assessing a stress impact. We discussed the potential relationships between biological and behavioural responses. PMID: 20176423 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301262 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301264&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20172637%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, desorption kinetics of (14)C-phenanthrene were measured by consecutive extraction using aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD). The data indicate that the fraction extracted after 24 h generally approximated the linearly sorbed, rapidly desorbing fraction (F(rap)), calculated using a three-compartment model. A good linear correlation between phenanthrene mineralised and F(rap) was observed (r(2) = 0.89; gradient = 0.85; intercept = 8.20). Hence HPCD extraction (24 h) and first-order three-compartment modelling appear to provide an operationally straightforward tool for estimating mass-transfer limited biodegradation in soil. PMID: 20172637 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301264 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301267&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20171769%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin D, Liu N, Yang K, Xing B, Wu F The stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in particulate aggregates and surfactant-facilitated suspensions after being mixed into eight types of fresh surface water samples was investigated. MWNTs in particulate aggregates could not be stabilized in any of the water samples except for the one having relatively high content of dissolved organic matter with the aid of sonication. Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether (TX100) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were used to prepare MWNT suspensions. SDBS- and TX100-stabilized MWNTs could partly remain suspending after being mixed into the water samples, whereas CTAB-stabilized MWNTs readily sedimentated due to the surface charge neutrali... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301267 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301266&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20171770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pareuil P, Bordas F, Joussein E, Bollinger JC A Mn-rich slag sample coming from a pyrometallurgical plant recycling alkaline batteries was submitted to environmental conditions during one year. After crushing, the slag was buried in topsoil and the leachate was periodically collected in order to monitor the leached amounts of metallic elements (ME). Results evidenced a low release of the slag constituents (Mn: < 0.01%). The SEM/EDS investigations did not show alteration features supposing a weak dissolution of the primary phases (tephroite, bustamite and leucite). The modification of the pH induced by the slag enhanced the mobility of soil components and of the organic matter, particularly in the vicinity of the soil/slag contact zone. This suggested that the slag indirectl... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301266 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301274&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170996%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang H, Chen G, Zhang QF The distribution characteristics of heavier or lighter pollutants released at different cross-sectional positions of a wide river is investigated with a well-tested three-dimensional numerical model of gravity flows based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and turbulence k-varepsilon model. By focusing on investigating the influences of flow and buoyancy on pollutants, it is found that while carrying by the river flow downstream: i) a heavier pollutant released from the cross-sectional side position, forms transverse oscillation between two banks with decreased amplitude, i.e. forms kind of helical flow pattern along the straight part of channel bed; ii) a heavier pollutant released from the cross-sectional middle position, forms collapse os... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301274 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301273&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20170997%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan G, You C Analysis of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) distribution in water and sediment in Yangtze River Estuary showed that the estuary was a sink for PFOS. Salinity was an important parameter in controlling the sediment-water interactions and the fate or transport of PFOS in the aquatic environment. As the salinity (S per thousand) increased from 0.18 to 3.31, the distribution coefficient (K(d)) between sediment and water linearly increased from 0.76 to 4.70 L g(-1). The study suggests that PFOS may be carried with the river water and transported for long distances before it reaches to the sea and largely scavenged to the sediment in the estuaries due to the dramatic change in salinity. PMID: 20170997 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollut... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301273 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3291137&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20163899%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhuang X, Han Z, Bai Z, Zhuang G, Shim H Environments with high-salt concentrations are often populated by dense microbial communities. Halophilic microorganisms can be isolated from different saline environments and different strains even belonging to the same genus have various applications. Wastewater and soil rich in both organic matter and salt are difficult to treat using conventional microorganisms typically found in wastewater treatment and soil bioremediation facilities. Studies on decontaminative capabilities and decontamination pathways of organic contaminants (i.e., aromatic compounds benzoate, cinnamate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), heavy metals (i.e., tellurium, vanadium), and nutrients in the biological treatment of saline wastewater and soil by h... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3291137 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3291137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276487&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma R, Shih K The study reported in this paper examined the concentrations of nineteen perfluorochemicals (PFCs), including perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, carboxylates, and sulfonamides in samples collected from Hong Kong wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and sediments. The study was the first to use an external isolator column to assist in the quantification of PFCs in environmental samples without having to make internal modifications to a liquid chromatography system. Perfluorooctanesulfonate was found to be the dominant PFC pollutant in Hong Kong, and the WWTP sludge was the major sink of PFCs discharged from the urban areas. Compared to discharge influenced by industrial activities, much less perfluorooctanoate was found in waste streams. The significantly lower level of per... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276487 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271427&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20149942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jarque S, Gallego E, Bartrons M, Catalan J, Grimalt JO, Piña B The biomarker of xenobiotic exposure cytochrome p450A1 (Cyp1A) was used to analyze the biological response to chemical pollution in Salmo trutta (brown trout) from nine high mountain European lakes in Norway, Tatras, Tyrol, and central Pyrenees. Hepatic Cyp1A mRNA levels correlated both with the reciprocal of absolute annual average air temperatures of the sampled lakes and with muscle concentrations of several hydrophobic organohalogen compounds (OC), including chlorinated polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), DDE, and DDT. The correlation between Cyp1A expression and OC content was observed across the whole temperature range (between -0.7 degrees C and +6.2 degrees C), but also in the absence of any thermal gradient. W... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271427 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271426&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20149943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiaolong W, Jingyi H, Ligang X, Qi Z To delineate the character of contaminations in the Grand Canal, China, a three-year study (2004-2006) was conducted to investigate variations the water quality in the canal. Results showed that the variation of water quality within the Grand Canal was of there is remarkable spatial and seasonal heterogeneity regarding water quality within the Canal. Values of contaminants in dry-season were obviously higher than those in wet-season. Sites influenced strongly by industry and urbanization showed higher contents of nutrients and lower levels of dissolved oxygen in water body; moreover these sites were severely polluted by dissolved metals with the contents of cadmium, chromium and copper exceeding the Criteria Maximum Concentration (CMC), US ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271426 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271425&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20149944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onsanit S, Ke C, Wang X, Wang KJ, Wang WX Two cultured marine fish, the Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) and red seabream (Pagrus major) were collected from eight fish cage sites along the coast of Fujian province in China. The concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in their muscle, stomach and liver tissue were quantified. The risk of these trace elements to humans through fish consumption was then assessed. The highest concentrations of As, Cd, Se and Zn in fish feed from fish cages were found in Dongshan Station. Moreover, the As levels in the muscles of both species at all sites were generally higher than China's national standard (>1.0 mug/g). Trace element concentrations in two marine fish followed the order of livers > stomachs > muscl... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271425 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3271428&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20149506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Britton AJ, Fisher JM The influence of applied nitrogen (N) concentration and load on thallus chemistry and growth of five terricolous alpine lichen species was investigated in a three-month N addition study. Thallus N content was influenced by both concentration and load; but the relative importance of these parameters varied between species. Growth was most affected by concentration. Thresholds for effects observed in this study support a low critical load for terricolous lichen communities (<7.5kgNha(-1)y(-1)) and suggest that concentrations of N currently encountered in UK cloudwater may have detrimental effects on the growth of sensitive species. The significance of N concentration effects on sensitive species also highlights the need to avoid artificially high concent... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3271428 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3271428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260551&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20138695%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses on lead (Pb) contamination in biota near the abandoned 'Black Angel Mine' in West Greenland in the period 1988-2008. Stable Pb isotope ratios and total Pb concentrations were determined in lichens, seaweed and mussels as well as in marine sediments. The results show that natural background Pb ((207)Pb/(206)Pb: 0.704-0.767) and Pb originating from the mine ore ((207)Pb/(206)Pb: 0.955) have distinct isotopic fingerprints. Total Pb in lichens, seaweed, and mussels was measured at values up to 633, 19 and 1536 mg kg(-1) dry weight, respectively, and is shown to be a mixture of natural Pb and ore-Pb. This enables quantification of mining-related Pb and shows that application of Pb isotope data is a valuable tool for monitoring mining pollution. PMID: 20138695 [PubMed - as... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260551 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3260553&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20137839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiang JJ, Zhai YF, Tang Y, Wang H, Liu B, Guo CW Immunoassays for quantitative measurement of environmental heavy metals offer several advantages over other traditional methods. To develop an immunoassay for lead, Balb/c mice were immunized with a lead-chelate-protein conjugate to allow maximum exposure of the metal to the immune system. Three stable hybridoma cell lines were obtained through spleen cells fusion with Sp2/0 cells. One cell line, 2A11D11, produced mAbs with preferential selectivity and sensitivity for Pb-DTPA than DTPA, exhibiting an affinity constant of 3.34 +/- 0.24 x 10(9) M(-1). Cross reactivity (CR) with other metals were below 1%, except for Fe(III) with a CR less than 5%. This quantitative indirect ELISA for the lead ion was used to detect environmental l... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3260553 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3260553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248785&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20133031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyssek R, Karnosky DF, Wieser G, Percy K, Oksanen E, Grams TE, Kubiske M, Hanke D, Pretzsch H Recent evidence from novel phytotron and free-air ozone (O(3)) fumigation experiments in Europe and America on forest tree species is highlighted in relation to previous chamber studies. Differences in O(3) sensitivity between pioneer and climax species are examined and viewed for trees growing at the harsh alpine timberline ecotone. As O(3) apparently counteracts positive effects of elevated CO(2) and mitigates productivity increases, response is governed by genotype, competitors, and ontogeny rather than species per se. Complexity in O(3) responsiveness increased under the influence of pathogens and herbivores. The new evidence does not conflict in principle with previous findings... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248785 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3248784&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20133032%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fernández-Pérez M, Villafranca-Sánchez M, Flores-Céspedes F, Pérez-García S, Daza-Fernández I The herbicides chloridazon and metribuzin, identified as groundwater pollutants, were incorporated in lignin-based granules with different sizes to obtain controlled release formulations (CRFs) and reduce water pollution risk. Kinetics release tests in water and soil showed that the release rate of both from CRFs diminished in comparison to technical products. A linear correlation was obtained between the time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released (T(50)) into water and granule size of the CRFs. Besides, a linear correlation was reached between T(50) values in water and soil. Mobility experiments carried out in calcareous soil show th... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3248784 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3248784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3236525&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116148%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheyns K, Mertens J, Diels J, Smolders E, Springael D Pesticide transport models commonly assume first-order pesticide degradation kinetics for describing reactive transport in soil. This assumption was assessed in mini-column studies with associated batch degradation tests. Soil mini-columns were irrigated with atrazine in two intermittent steps of about 30 days separated by 161 days application of artificial rain water. Atrazine concentration in the effluent peaked to that of the influent concentration after initial break-through but sharply decreased while influx was sustained, suggesting a degradation lag phase. The same pattern was displayed in the second step but peak height and percentage of atrazine recovered in the effluent were lower. A Monod model with biomass decay... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3236525 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3236525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3236524&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116149%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mitchell R, Maher BA, Kinnersley R Evaluation of health impacts arising from inhalation of pollutant particles <10 mum (PM(10)) is an active research area. However, lack of exposure data at high spatial resolution impedes identification of causal associations between exposure and illness. Biomagnetic monitoring of PM(10) deposited on tree leaves may provide a means of obtaining exposure data at high spatial resolution. To calculate ambient PM(10) concentrations from leaf magnetic values, the relationship between the magnetic signal and total PM(10) mass must be quantified, and the exposure time (via magnetic deposition velocity (MV(d)) calculations) known. Birches display higher MV(d) ( approximately 5 cm(-1)) than lime trees ( approximately 2 cm(-1)). Leaf saturation reman... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3236524 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3236524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3236523&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116150%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, metal accumulation and its effects on reproduction and health of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings were monitored before and up to five years after a lead mine and enrichment plant closed down. The lead concentration in moss, nestling blood, liver and feces all indicated decreased lead exposure by at least 31% after closure, although only blood lead decreased significantly. Although the birds responded fairly well to the changed atmospheric deposition (based on moss samples), concentrations were still higher compared with birds in a reference area, and breeding was affected at the mine (smaller clutches and higher mortality). Surviving nestlings suffered from lower hemoglobin levels, mean cell hemoglobin concentrations and inhibited delta-aminolevulinic acid deh... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3236523 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3236523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3236522&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116151%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Jonge M, Blust R, Bervoets L The present study evaluates the relationship between Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS) and metal accumulation in invertebrates with different feeding behavior and ecological preferences. Natural sediments, pore water and surface water, together with benthic and epibenthic invertebrates were sampled at 28 Flemish lowland rivers. Different metals as well as metal binding sediment characteristics including AVS were measured and multiple regression was used to study their relationship with accumulated metals in the invertebrates taxa. Bioaccumulation in the benthic taxa was primarily influenced by total metal concentrations in the sediment. Regarding the epibenthic taxa metal accumulation was mostly explained by the more bioavailable metal fractions in b... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3236522 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3236522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3217354&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20106574%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tiquia SM The heterotrophic microbial communities of the Rouge River were tracked using Biolog Ecoplates to understand the metabolic diversity at different temporal and spatial scales, and potential link to river pollution. Site less impacted by anthrophogenic sources (site 1), showed markedly lower metabolic diversity. The only substrates that were utilized in the water samples were carbohydrates. Sites more impacted by anthrophogenic sources (sites 8 and 9) showed higher metabolic diversity. Higher functional diversity was linked to the physico-chemical and biological properties of the water samples (i.e. higher concentrations of DO, DOC, chlorophyll, and bacterial density). Biolog analysis was found to be useful in differentiating metabolic diversity between microbial commu... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3217354 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3217354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210640&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20097460%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we simultaneously evaluated enantioselectivity of two chiral pesticides, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and (Z)-cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF), in immunotoxicity to macrophage cells (RAW264.7), and endocrine disruption activity in human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Analysis of cell proliferation, cell viability, apoptosis, and receptor gene expression showed significant differences between the enantiomers of LCT or cis-BF in estrogenic potential and immunocytotoxicity. The selectivity in these effects consistently followed the same direction, with (-)-LCT or 1S-cis-BF displaying a greater activity than its counterpart. The consistency was attributed to interplaying mechanisms in the closely interacting immune and endocrine systems. The underlying interplays suggest that other chiral... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210640 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210642&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096493%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chang X, Meyer MT, Liu X, Zhao Q, Chen H, Chen JA, Qiu Z, Yang L, Cao J, Shu W Sewage samples from 4 hospitals, 1 nursery, 1 slaughter house, 1 wastewater treatment plant and 5 source water samples of Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir were analyzed for macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim, fluorouinolone, sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) in hospital was the highest among all water environments ranged from 1.660 mug/L to 4.240 mug/L and norfloxacin (NOR, 0.136-1.620 mug/L), ciproflaxacin (CIP, ranged from 0.011 mug/L to 0.136 mug/L), trimethoprim (TMP, 0.061-0.174 mug/L) were commonly detected. Removal range of antibiotics... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210642 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3210641&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20096494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hauck M Since lichens lack roots and take up water, solutes and gases over the entire thallus surface, these organisms respond more sensitively to changes in atmospheric purity than vascular plants. After centuries where effects of sulphur dioxide and acidity were in the focus of research on atmospheric chemistry and lichens, recently the globally increased levels of ammonia and nitrate increasingly affect lichen vegetation and gave rise to intense research on the tolerance of lichens to nitrogen pollution. The present paper discusses the main findings on the uptake of ammonia and nitrate in the lichen symbiosis and to the tolerance of lichens to eutrophication. Ammonia and nitrate are both efficiently taken up under ambient conditions. The tolerance to high nitrogen levels de... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3210641 Wed, 20 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3210641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200838&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20092919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Delongchamp TM, Ridal JJ, Lean DR, Poissant L, Blais JM Contaminated sediments in the St. Lawrence River remain a difficult problem despite decreases in emissions. Here, sediment and pore water phases were analyzed for total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) and diffusion from the sediment to the overlying water was 17.5 +/- 10.6 SE ng cm(-2) yr(-1) for THg and 3.8 +/- 1.7 SE ng cm(-2) yr(-1) for MeHg. These fluxes were very small when compared to the particle-bound mercury flux accumulating in the sediment (183 +/- 30 SE ng cm(-2) yr(-1)). Studies have reported that fish from the westernmost site have higher Hg concentrations than fish collected from the other two sites of the Cornwall Area of Concern, which could not be explained by differences in the Hg flux or THg co... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200838 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200837&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20092920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bejarano AC, Michel J A large-scale assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the 1991 Gulf War oil spill was performed for 2002-2003 sediment samples (n = 1679) collected from habitats along the shoreline of Saudi Arabia. Benthic sediment toxicity was characterized using the Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmark Toxic Unit approach for 43 PAHs (ESBTU(FCV,43)). Samples were assigned to risk categories according to ESBTU(FCV,43) values: no-risk (</=1), low (>1-</=2), low-medium (>2-</=3), medium (>3-</=5) and high-risk (>5). Sixty seven percent of samples had ESBTU(FCV,43) > 1 indicating potential adverse ecological effects. Sediments from the 0-30 cm layer from tidal flats, and the >30-<60 cm layer from heavily oiled halo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200837 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200836&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20092921%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schulze T, Weiss S, Schymanski E, von der Ohe PC, Schmitt-Jansen M, Altenburger R, Streck G, Brack W The pharmaceutical diclofenac (DCF) is released in considerably high amounts to the aquatic environment. Photo-transformation of DCF was reported as the main degradation pathway in surface waters and was found to produce metabolites with enhanced toxicity to the green algae Scenedesmus vacuolatus. We identified and subsequently confirmed 2-[2-(chlorophenyl)amino]benzaldehyde (CPAB) as a transformation product with enhanced toxicity using effect-directed analysis. The EC(50) of CPAB (4.8 mg/L) was a factor of 10 lower than that for DCF (48.1 mg/L), due to the higher hydrophobicity of CPAB (log K(ow) = 3.62) compared with DCF (log D(ow) = 2.04) at pH 7.0. PMID: 20092921 [PubM... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200836 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200840&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20089337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Park H, Kang JH, Baek SY, Chang YS Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human have been studied extensively; however, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have been studied less widely. The mean concentrations of PCNs, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in 61 healthy human volunteers were 2170 pg/g lipid, 452 pg/g lipid, 116 pg/g lipid, and 120 ng/g lipid respectively, and the mean toxic equivalents (TEQs) contributed by PCNs, PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs were 5.88, 5.22, 5.48, and 5.33 pg/g lipid, respectively. PCNs contributed to 26.8% of the total TEQs. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, PCB126, and hepta-CN-73 accounted for >62% of the total TEQs in the human serum samples. The overall serum PCN homologue ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200840 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3200839&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20089338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uddling J, Hogg AJ, Teclaw RM, Carroll MA, Ellsworth DS Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) may alleviate the toxicological impacts of concurrently rising tropospheric ozone (O(3)) during the present century if higher CO(2) is accompanied by lower stomatal conductance (g(s)), as assumed by many models. We investigated how elevated concentrations of CO(2) and O(3), alone and in combination, affected the accumulated stomatal flux of O(3) (AFst) by canopies and sun leaves in closed aspen and aspen-birch forests in the free-air CO(2)-O(3) enrichment experiment near Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Stomatal conductance for O(3) was derived from sap flux data and AFst was estimated either neglecting or accounting for the potential influence of non-stomatal leaf surface O(3) deposition.... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3200839 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3200839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194334&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20085854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaar H, Clara M, Gans O, Kreuzinger N The design criteria for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and the sludge retention time, respectively, have a significant impact on micropollutant removal. The upgrade of an Austrian municipal WWTP to nitrogen removal (best available technology, BAT) resulted in increased elimination of most of the analyzed micropollutants. Substances, such as bisphenol-A, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and the antibiotics erythromycin and roxithromycin were only removed after the upgrade of the WWTP. Nevertheless, the BAT was not sufficient to completely eliminate these compounds. Thus, a pilot scale ozonation plant was installed for additional treatment of the effluent. The application of 0.6 g O(3) g DOC(-1) increased the removal of most of the micropollut... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194334 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3194334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3194335&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20083330%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores the impact of five different types of methyl esters on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nitrated-PAH and oxygenated PAH emissions. The measurements were conducted on a chassis dynamometer, according to the European regulation. Each of the five different biodiesels was blended with EN590 diesel at a proportion of 10-90% v/v (10% biodiesel concentration). The vehicle was a Euro 3 compliant common-rail diesel passenger car. Emission measurements were performed over the NEDC and compared with those of the real traffic-based Artemis driving cycles. The experimental results showed that the addition of biodiesel led to some important increases in low molecular-weight PAHs (phenanthrene and anthracene) and to both increases and reductions in large PAHs which are character... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3194335 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3194335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186117&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Viñas L, Angeles Franco M, Antonio Soriano J, José González J, Pon J, Albaigés J The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was determined in surface sediments collected at 36 stations along the Spanish Northern continental shelf in March and September 2003, and February 2005. Concentrations of PAHs (Sigma13 parent components) were in the range of 22-47528 mug/kg dw, the highest values corresponding to coastal urban-industrial hotspots and decreasing offshore. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) showed that concentrations of total PAHs were below the threshold effect level (TEC) in 27 stations (81%) and above in 7, two of which (Gijon and Bilbao) were above the probable effect concentration (PEC). The detailed study of diagnostic ratios suggested a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186117 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186116&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fontaras G, Kousoulidou M, Karavalakis G, Tzamkiozis T, Pistikopoulos P, Ntziachristos L, Bakeas E, Stournas S, Samaras Z Five biodiesels from different feedstocks (rapeseed, soy, sunflower, palm, and used fried oils) blended with diesel at 10% vol. ratio (B10), were tested on a Euro 3 common-rail passenger car. Limited effects (-2% to +4%) were observed on CO(2) emissions. CO and HC emissions increased between 10% and 25% on average, except at high speed - high power where emissions were too low to draw conclusions. NOx emissions increased by up to 20% for two out of the five blends, decreased by up to 15% for two other blends, and remained unchanged for one blend. Particulate matter (PM) was reduced for all blends by up to 25% and the reductions were positively correlated wi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186116 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3186115&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080327%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruttens A, Adriaensen K, Meers E, De Vocht A, Geebelen W, Carleer R, Mench M, Vangronsveld J A soil column leaching experiment was used to gain insight into the long-term metal immobilization capacity of cyclonic ashes (CAH) compared to lime (LIME). Twenty six years of rainfall were simulated. Initially, all amended soils were brought to an equal soil pH. This was done to obtain optimal conditions for the detection of metal immobilization mechanisms different from just a pH effect. During the simulation period, soil pH in all treatments decreased in parallel. However, the evolution of metal mobility and phytoavailability showed a clearly distinct pattern. The strong reduction in metal immobilizing efficiency observed in the lime treatment at the end of the simulation period wa... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3186115 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3186115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3176680&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marshall S, Pettigrove V, Carew M, Hoffmann A Several factors can contribute to the ecological degradation of stream catchments following urbanization, but it is often difficult to separate their relative importance. We isolated the impact of polluted sediment on the condition of an urban stream in Melbourne, Australia, using two complementary approaches. Using a rapid bioassessment approach, indices of stream condition were calculated based on macroinvertebrate field surveys. Urban stream reaches supported impoverished macroinvertebrate communities, and contained potentially toxic concentrations of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Using a field microcosm approach, a bioassay was carried out to assess sediment pollution effects on native macroinvertebrates. Sediment from urban s... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3176680 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3176680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3169197&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20064681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vanden Berghe M, Mat A, Arriola A, Polain S, Stekke V, Thomé JP, Gaspart F, Pomeroy P, Larondelle Y, Debier C A previous study has shown a simultaneous increase of vitamin A and PCBs in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) milk at late lactation (Debier et al., 2004). Here we sought to understand this unexpected relationship by comparing the dynamics of vitamin A and PCBs in the different tissue compartments of transfer. Lactating grey seals and their pups were sampled longitudinally in Scotland during the 2006 breeding season. As blubber reserves decreased, concentrations of vitamin A and PCBs increased during lactation in the inner layer of maternal blubber. A concomitant rise was observed in milk and consequently in the serum of suckling pups. The similar dynamics of vitamin... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3169197 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3169197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3163549&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20061073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marx SK, Kamber BS, McGowan HA, Zawadzki A Two peat bogs from remote alpine sites in Australia were found to contain detailed and coherent histories of atmospheric metal pollution for Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ag, As, Cd, Sb, Zn, In, Cr, Ni, Tl and V. Dramatic increases in metal deposition in the post-1850 AD portion of the cores coincide with the onset of mining in Australia. Using both Pb isotopes and metals, pollutants were ascribed to the main atmospheric pollution emitting sources in Australia, namely mining and smelting, coal combustion and agriculture. Results imply mining and metal production are the major source of atmospheric metal pollution, although coal combustion may account for up to 30% of metal pollutants. A novel finding of this study is the increase in the otherwise n... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3163549 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3163549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3163550&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20060629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sukul P, Zühlke S, Lamshöft M, Rosales NC, Spiteller M Spiroxamine [SPX] belongs to a spiroketalamine group of substances. The biodegradation of [1,3-dioxolane-4-(14)C]-SPX has been examined in 2 soils of different physicochemical properties. The total recovery of radioactivity from soils was 98.6-103.5% of that applied. The total amount of extractable radioactivity declined with a simultaneous increase in non-extractable radioactivity. Volatile organics were detected at lower levels; however, mineralization played a marked effect on the route of SPX dissipation. The half-life ranges between 37 and 44 d. SPX does not undergo any enantioselective degradation. 4 metabolites: despropyl-SPX, desethyl-SPX, SPX N-oxide and SPX acid were identified, applying mass spectromet... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3163550 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3163550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157760&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20056301%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grulke NE Population variation in ecophysiological traits of four co-occurring montane conifers was measured on a large latitudinal gradient to quantitatively assess their potential for response to environmental change. White fir (Abies concolor) had the highest variability, gross photosynthetic rate (Pg), and foliar carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content. Despite low water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs) of fir was the most responsive to unfavorable environmental conditions. Pinus lambertiana exhibited the least variability in Pg and WUE, and is likely to be the most vulnerable to environmental changes. Pinus ponderosa had an intermediate level of variability, and high needle growth at its higher elevational limits. Pinus Jeffreyi also had intermediate variabilit... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157760 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3157760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3157759&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20056302%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sze MF, McKay G Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the adsorptive removal and diffusion mechanism of para-chlorophenol (p-CP) onto Calgon Filtrasorb 400 (F400) activated carbon. The external mass transfer resistance is negligible in the adsorption process carried out under different conditions in batch operation. Intraparticle diffusion model plots were used to correlate the batch p-CP adsorption data; three distinct linear sections were obtained for every batch operation. The textural properties of F400 activated carbon showed that it has a large portion of supermicropores, which is comparable to the size of the p-CP molecules. Due to the stronger interactions between p-CP molecules and F400 micropores, p-CP molecules predominantly diffused and occupied ac... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3157759 Tue, 05 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3157759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146613&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20047780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Das P, Datta R, Makris KC, Sarkar D The high affinity of vetiver grass for 2,4,6 trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the catalytic effectiveness of urea in enhancing plant uptake of TNT in hydroponic media we earlier demonstrated were further illustrated in this soil-pot-experiment. Complete removal of TNT in urea-treated soil was accomplished by vetiver at the low initial soil-TNT concentration (40mgkg(-1)), masking the effect of urea. Doubling the initial TNT concentration (80mgkg(-1)) significantly (p<0.002) increased TNT removal by vetiver, in the presence of urea. Without vetiver grass, no significant (p=0.475) change in the soil-TNT concentrations was observed over a period of 48 days, suggesting that natural attenuation of soil TNT could not explain the documented TNT disappea... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146613 Sat, 02 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3146613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146612&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20047781%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang LC, Hsi HC, Wang YF, Lin SL, Chang-Chien GP The stack flue gases and the ashes in different units of two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are sampled to investigate the characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Bottom ashes (BA) exhibited much higher PBDD/F (8.11-52.2 pg TEQ/g) and PBDE contents (20.4-186 ng/g) than those of fly ashes (0.0932-2.02 pg TEQ/g and 0.332-25.5 ng/g), revealing that the PBDD/Fs and PBDEs in the feeding waste may not be completely destroyed. The PBDE concentrations/contents in the stack flue gases (26.1-109 ng/Nm(3)) and in the BA (20.4-186 ng/g) of the MSWIs could reach three orders higher th... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146612 Sat, 02 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3146612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146611&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20047782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cheng H, Hu Y As the most widely scattered toxic metal in the world, the sources of lead (Pb) observed in contamination investigation are often difficult to identify. This review presents an overview of the principles, analysis, and applications of Pb isotopic fingerprinting in tracing the origins and transport pathways of Pb in the environment. It also summarizes the history and current status of lead pollution in China, and illustrates the power of Pb isotopic fingerprinting with examples of its recent applications in investigating the effectiveness of leaded gasoline phase-out on atmospheric lead pollution, and the sources of Pb found in various environmental media (plants, sediments, and aquatic organisms) in China. The limitations of Pb isotopic fingerprinting technique a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146611 Sat, 02 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3146611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146615&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu Y, Dong F, Deacon C, Chen HJ, Raab A, Meharg AA The consumption of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major inorganic arsenic exposure pathway in S.E. Asia. A multi-location survey was undertaken in Guangdong Province, South China to assess arsenic accumulation and speciation in 2 rice cultivars, one an Indica and the other a hybrid Indica. The results showed that arsenic concentrations in rice tissue increased in the order grain < husk < straw < root. Rice grain arsenic content of 2 rice cultivars was significant different and correlated with phosphorus concentration and molar ratio of P/As in shoot, being higher for the Indica cultivar than for the hybrid Indica, which suggests altering shoot phosphorus status as a promising route for breeding rice cultivars with ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146615 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146614&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laffray X, Rose C, Garrec JP Effects of traffic-related nitrogenous emissions on purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench) transplants, used here as a new biomonitoring species, were assessed along 500 m long transects orthogonal to roads located in two open areas in the Maurienne valley (French Alps). Leaves were sampled during summer 2004 and 2005 for total N-content and (15)N-abundance determination while nitrogen oxides (NO and NO(2)) concentrations were determined using passive diffusion samplers. A significant and negative correlation was observed between plant total N-content, and (15)N-abundance and the logarithm of the distance to the road axis. The strongest decreases in plant N parameters were observed between 15 and 100 m from road axis. They were equivalent... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146614 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146619&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045233%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McNulty SG, Boggs JL Federal agencies of several nations have or are currently developing guidelines for critical forest soil acid loads. These guidelines are used to establish regulations designed to maintain atmospheric acid inputs below levels shown to damage forests and streams. Traditionally, when the critical soil acid load exceeds the amount of acid that the ecosystem can absorb, it is believed to potentially impair forest health. The excess over the critical soil acid load is termed the exceedance, and the larger the exceedance, the greater the risk of ecosystem damage. This definition of critical soil acid load applies to exposure of the soil to a single, long-term pollutant (i.e., acidic deposition). However, ecosystems can be simultaneously under multiple ecosystem ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146619 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146618&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045234%26dopt%3DAbstract Identification and quantification of a novel nitrate-reducing community in sediments of Suquía River basin along a nitrate gradient. Environ Pollut. 2009 Dec 30; Authors: Reyna L, Wunderlin DA, Genti-Raimondi S We evaluated the molecular diversity of narG gene from Suquía River sediments to assess the impact of the nitrate concentration and water quality on the composition and structure of the nitrate-reducing bacterial community. To this aim, a library of one of the six monitoring stations corresponding to the highest nitrate concentration was constructed and 118 narG clones were screened. Nucleotide sequences were associated to narG gene from alpha-, beta-, delta-, gammaproteobacteria and Thermus thermophilus. Remarkably, 18% of clones contained narG genes with less... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146618 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146617&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wei S, Ma LQ, Saha U, Mathews S, Sundaram S, Rathinasabapathi B, Zhou Q This experiment examined the effects of sulfate (S) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on arsenic uptake by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata after exposing to arsenate (0, 15 or 30 mg As L(-1)) with sulfate (6.4, 12.8 or 25.6 mg S L(-1)) or GSH (0, 0.4 or 0.8 mM) for 2-wk. Total arsenic, S and GSH concentrations in plant biomass and arsenic speciation in the growth media and plant biomass were determined. While both S (18-85%) and GSH (77-89%) significantly increased arsenic uptake in P. vittata, GSH also increased arsenic translocation by 61-85% at 0.4 mM (p < 0.05). Sulfate and GSH did not impact plant biomass or arsenic speciation in the media and biomass. The S-induced arsenic accumulation by P. v... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146617 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3146616&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tipping E, Rothwell JJ, Shotbolt L, Lawlor AJ Simulation modelling with CHUM-AM was carried out to investigate the accumulation and release of atmospherically-deposited heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in six moorland catchments, five with organic-rich soils, one with calcareous brown earths, in the Pennine chain of northern England. The model considers two soil layers and a third layer of weathering mineral matter, and operates on a yearly timestep, driven by deposition scenarios covering the period 1400-2010. The principal processes controlling heavy metals are competitive solid-solution partitioning of solutes, chemical interactions in solution, and chemical weathering. Agreement between observed and simulated soil metal pools and surface water concentrations for recent... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3146616 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3146616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129817&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paoletti E, Schaub M, Matyssek R, Wieser G, Augustaitis A, Bastrup-Birk AM, Bytnerowicz A, Günthardt-Goerg MS, Müller-Starck G, Serengil Y Over the past 20 years, the focus of forest science on air pollution has moved from forest decline to a holistic framework of forest health, and from the effects on forest production to the ecosystem services provided by forest ecosystems. Hence, future research should focus on the interacting factorial impacts and resulting antagonistic and synergistic responses of forest trees and ecosystems. The synergistic effects of air pollution and climatic changes, in particular elevated ozone, altered nitrogen, carbon and water availability, must be key issues for research. Present evidence suggests air pollution will become increasingly ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129817 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129816&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duarte B, Caetano M, Almeida PR, Vale C, Caçador I Pools of Zn, Cu, Cd and Co in leaf, stem and root tissues of Sarcocornia fruticosa, Sarcocornia perennis, Halimione portulacoides and Spartina maritima were analyzed on a bimonthly basis, in a Tagus estuary salt marsh. All the major concentrations were found in the root tissues, being the concentrations in the aboveground organs neglectable for sediment budget proposes, as seen by the low root-aboveground translocation. Metal annual accumulation, root turnovers and cycling coefficients were also assessed. S. maritima showed the higher root turnovers and cycling coefficients for most of the analyzed metals, making this a phytostabilizer specie. By contrast the low root turnover, cycling coefficient and low root necromass g... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129816 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129815&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036451%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents a spatially explicit modeling approach to extend Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), a field-scale pesticide transport model, into basin level. The approach was applied to simulate chlorpyrifos use in the Central Valley during 2003-2007. The average value of loading as percent of use (LAPU) is 0.031%. Results of this study provide strong evidence that surface runoff generation and pesticide application timing are the two influencing factors on the spatial and temporal variability of chlorpyrifos sources from agricultural fields. This is one of the first studies in coupling GIS and field-scale models and providing simulations for the dynamics of pesticides over an agriculturally dominated landscape. The demonstrated modeling approach may be useful for implementations of be... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129815 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129814&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tello A, Corner RA, Telfer TC Increasing research is highlighting the fact that streams provide crucial ecosystem services through the biogeochemical and ecological processes they sustain. Freshwater land-based salmonid farms commonly discharge their effluents into low order, headwater streams, partly due to the fact that adequate freshwater resources for production are commonly found in undisturbed areas. We review the effects of salmonid farm effluents on different biological components of stream ecosystems. Relevant considerations related to the temporal and spatial scales of effluent discharge and ecological effects are discussed. These highlight the need to characterize the patterns of stressor discharge when assessing environmental impacts and designing ecological effect... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129814 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129813&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Epelde L, Becerril JM, Barrutia O, González-Oreja JA, Garbisu C In the present work, the relationships between plant consortia, consisting of 1-4 metallicolous pseudometallophytes with different metal-tolerance strategies (Thlaspi caerulescens: hyperaccumulator; Jasione montana: accumulator; Rumex acetosa: indicator; Festuca rubra: excluder), and their rhizosphere microbial communities were studied in a mine soil polluted with high levels of Cd, Pb and Zn. Physiological response and phytoremediation potential of the studied pseudometallophytes were also investigated. The studied metallicolous populations are tolerant to metal pollution and offer potential for the development of phytoextraction and phytostabilization technologies. T. caerulescens appears very tolerant to m... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129813 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3129813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122472&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baas J, Kooijman B In the assessment of the quality of surface waters, the typical procedure is that the concentration of contaminants in the surface water is monitored and subsequently compared with their respective Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPCs). If the MPCs are not exceeded the water quality is considered to be safe. But can we be certain that this is true? We compared MPCs to observed and calculated effects of measured contaminants in Dutch surface waters and showed that effects of mixtures can cause a daphnid population to go extinct within 30h of exposure even when MPCs are not exceeded. We conclude that there are shortcomings underlying the concepts of the MPCs. And that the MPCs aim to protect 95% of all species is not met. PMID: 20034714 [PubMed - as su... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122472 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122471&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fontaras G, Karavalakis G, Kousoulidou M, Ntziachristos L, Bakeas E, Stournas S, Samaras Z Today in most European member states diesel contains up to 5% vol biodiesel. Since blending is expected to increase to 10% vol, the question arises, how this higher mixing ratio will affect tailpipe emissions particularly those linked to adverse health effects. This paper focuses on the impact of biodiesel on carbonyl compound emissions, attempting also to identify possible relationship between biodiesel feedstock and emissions. The blends were produced from five different feedstocks, commonly used in Europe. Measurements were conducted on a Euro 3 common-rail passenger car over various driving cycles. Results indicate that generally the use of biodiesel at low concentrations has a minor... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122471 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122470&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034716%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we evaluate the relationship between trace metals contamination (Hg, Cd and Cu) and genetic variability, assessed using fluorescent Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (fISSRs). We used eight populations of a well-established biomonitor of trace metals on sandy beaches: the amphipod Talitrus saltator. The trace metals analysis confirmed the ability of sandhoppers to accumulate Hg, Cd and Cu. Moreover, populations from sites with high Hg availability had the lowest values of genetic diversity. Our results validate the use of fISSR markers in genetic studies in sandhoppers and support the "genetic erosion" hypothesis by showing the negative influence of Hg contamination on sandhopper genetic diversity. Therefore, genetic variability assessed with fISSR markers could be successfully e... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122470 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122469&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barrutia O, Garbisu C, Hernández-Allica J, García-Plazaola JI, Becerril JM Two common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) accessions, one from a Zn-Pb contaminated site (CS accession) and the other from an uncontaminated site (UCS accession), were hydroponically exposed to a mixture of heavy metals (Pb(2+) + Zn(2+) + Cd(2+)) with and without EDTA at an equimolar rate. The metallicolous CS accession showed a higher tolerance to metal treatment in the absence of the chelating agent, whereas the UCS accession was especially tolerant to EDTA treatment alone. Combination of metal and EDTA treatment resulted in a higher Pb accumulation in shoots of both accessions although plants hardly showed phytotoxic symptoms. Cd and Zn uptake was not augmented by EDTA addition to the polymetallic ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122469 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122468&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20034718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schaub M, Matyssek R, Wieser G PMID: 20034718 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122468 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122474&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20031285%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated the important role of DIRB and iron oxide on DDT and DDD transformation under anaerobic iron-reducing environments. PMID: 20031285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122474 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3122473&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20031286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clemente R, Hartley W, Riby P, Dickinson NM, Lepp NW Application of greenwaste compost to brownfield land is increasingly common in soil and landscape restoration. Previous studies have demonstrated both beneficial and detrimental effects of this material on trace element mobility. A pot experiment with homogenised soil/compost investigated distribution and mobility of trace elements, two years after application of greenwaste compost mulch to shallow soils overlying a former alkali-works contaminated with Pb, Cu and As ( approximately 900, 200 and 500 mg kg(-1), respectively). Compost mulch increased organic carbon and Fe in soil pore water, which in turn increased As and Sb mobilization; this enhanced uptake by lettuce and sunflower. A very small proportion of the total soil ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3122473 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3122473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3103579&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20015583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Braun S, Thomas VF, Quiring R, Flückiger W Effects of elevated N deposition on forest aboveground biomass were evaluated using long-term data from N addition experiments and from forest observation plots in Switzerland. N addition experiments with saplings were established both on calcareous and on acidic soils, in 3 plots with Fagus sylvatica and in 4 plots with Picea abies. The treatments were conducted during 15 years and consisted of additions of dry NH(4)NO(3) at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). The same tree species were observed in permanent forest observation plots covering the time span between 1984 and 2007, at modeled N deposition rates of 12-46 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Experimental N addition resulted in either no change or in a decreased sho... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3103579 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3103579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3103580&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20004505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fent K, Zenker A, Rapp M We performed a trace analytical study covering nine hormonally active UV-filters by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS in river water and biota. Water was analysed at 10 sites above and below wastewater treatment plants in the river Glatt using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). Four UV-filters occurred in the following order of decreasing concentrations; benzophenone-4 (BP-4) > benzophenone-3 (BP-3) > 3-(4-methyl)benzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) > 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (EHMC). BP-4 ranged from 0.27 to 24.0 mug/POCIS, BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC up to 0.1 mug/POCIS. Wastewater was the most important source. Levels decreased with higher river water flow. No significant in-stream removal occurred. BP-3, 4-MBC and EHMC were between 6 and 68 n... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3103580 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3103580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3103581&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20004050%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu HC, Chen PC, Tsay TT Nematode communities from river water and sediments were assessed for the abundance, feeding types, maturity indices and nematode channel ratio (NCR). The sampling sites studied included different levels of pollution and contamination from agricultural, industrial and sewage sources. The nematode abundance found in the sediment samples was more than that in the water samples. The lowest nematode abundance in sediment samples and the lowest NCR in water samples were both found at the industrial pollution site. Water samples showed positive correlation between the NCR and river pollution index (RPI). Mean maturity indices in sediment samples were inversely correlated with RPI. The pollutant source determined the relationship between NCR and pollution leve... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3103581 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3103581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3072327&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19969406%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin YY, Zeng H, Li GC, Ni HG Economic base determines food safety level. PMID: 19969406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3072327 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3072327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063861&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962801%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vanguelova EI, Benham S, Pitman R, Moffat AJ, Broadmeadow M, Nisbet T, Durrant D, Barsoum N, Wilkinson M, Bochereau F, Hutchings T, Broadmeadow S, Crow P, Taylor P, Durrant Houston T Long term trend analysis of bulk precipitation, throughfall and soil solution elemental fluxes from 12 years monitoring at 10 ICP Level II forest sites in the UK reveal coherent national chemical trends indicating recovery from sulphur deposition and acidification. Soil solution pH increased and sulphate and aluminium decreased at most sites. Trends in nitrogen were variable and dependant on its form. Dissolved organic nitrogen increased in bulk precipitation, throughfall and soil solution at most sites. Nitrate in soil solution declined at sites receiving high nitrogen deposition. Increase in soi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063861 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063860&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962802%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galloway T, Lewis C, Dolciotti I, Johnston BD, Moger J, Regoli F The ecotoxicology of manufactured nanoparticles (MNPs) in estuarine environments is not well understood. Here we explore the hypothesis that nanoTiO(2) and single walled nanotubes (SWNT) cause sublethal impacts to the infaunal species Arenicola marina (lugworm) exposed through natural sediments. Using a 10 day OECD/ASTM 1990 acute toxicity test, no significant effects were seen for SWNT up to 0.03 g/kg and no uptake of SWNTs into tissues was observed. A significant decrease in casting rate (P = 0.018), increase in cellular damage (P = 0.04) and DNA damage in coelomocytes (P = 0.008) was measured for nanoTiO(2), with a preliminary LOEC of 1 g/kg. Coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) located aggr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063860 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063864&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962220%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang Y, Tao S, Zhang N, Zhang DY, Li XQ A microcosm study was conducted to address the influences of air-soil partition and sequestration on the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Sterilized and unsterilized soils with soil organic carbon (SOC) content ranging from 0.23 to 7.06% were incubated in a chamber with six PAHs supplied through air. After 100 d of incubation when the system approached pseudo-steady state, the PAHs concentrations in the unsterilized soils still correlated with SOC significantly, while the association did not exist for those sterilized. The lower degradation rate in the soil with higher SOC was likely the major reason for the association between SOC and PAHs concentrations, while the decreased surface porosity likely suppressed suc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063864 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063863&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kurt-Karakus PB, Bidleman TF, Muir DC, Struger J, Sverko E, Cagampan SJ, Small JM, Jantunen LM Mecoprop, dichlorprop and metolachlor concentrations and enantiomer signatures were determined in Ontario streams in 2006-2007 and compared to results from 2003 to 2004. Median concentrations of dichlorprop and metolachlor were not significantly different between the two campaigns, but mecoprop was higher in 2006-2007. Concentrations of mecoprop and dichlorprop in Lake Ontario surface water were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than stream averages. Enantiomer fractions (EFs) > 0.5 of mecoprop in high-concentration stream water samples during 2006-2007 were related to replacement of racemic mecoprop by single (+) enantiomer mecoprop-P after 2004. EFs <0.5 in low-concentration samp... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063863 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3063862&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962222%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akhtar N, Yamaguchi M, Inada H, Hoshino D, Kondo T, Izuta T To clarify the effects of O(3) on crop plants cultivated in Bangladesh, two Bangladeshi wheat cultivars (Sufi and Bijoy) were grown in plastic boxes filled with Andisol and exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or O(3) at 60 and 100 nl l(-1) (10:00-17:00) from 13 March to 4 June 2008. The whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the two cultivars at the final harvest were significantly reduced by the exposure to O(3). Although there was no significant effect of O(3) on stomatal diffusive conductance to H(2)O of flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate of the leaf was significantly reduced by the exposure to O(3.) The sensitivity of growth, yield, yield components and leaf gas exchange rates to O(3) was not signifi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3063862 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3063862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061352&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiao HY, Tang CG, Xiao HW, Wang YL, Liu XY, Liu CQ In urban cities in Southern China, the tissue S/N ratios of epilithic mosses (Haplocladium microphyllum), varied widely from 0.11 to 0.19, are strongly related to some atmospheric chemical parameters (e.g. rainwater SO(4)(2-)/NH(4)(+) ratios, each people SO(2) emission). If tissue S/N ratios in the healthy moss species tend to maintain a constant ratio of 0.15 in unpolluted area, our study cities can be divided into two classes: class I (S/N > 0.15, S excess) and class II (S/N < 0.15, N excess), possibly indicative of stronger industrial activity and higher density of population, respectively. Mosses in all these cities obtained S and N from rainwater at a similar ratio. Sulphur and N isotope ratios in mosses are found s... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061352 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3061352 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3057019&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19954869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: De Laender F, Soetaert K, Middelburg JJ The majority of ecotoxicological enclosure experiments monitor species abundances at different chemical concentrations. Here, we present a new modelling approach that estimates changes in food web flows from such data and show that population- and food web level effects are revealed that are not apparent from abundance data alone. For the case of cypermethrin in freshwater enclosures, photosynthesis and excretion (d(-1)) of phytoplankton at 3.643 mug L(-1) cypermethrin were 30% lower and 100% higher than in the control, respectively. The ingestion rate of mesozooplankton (d(-1)) was 6 times higher in the treated enclosures than in the control as food concentration increased with insecticide exposure. With increasing cypermethrin concentr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3057019 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3057019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3057014&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19954870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rijal ML, Appel E, Petrovský E, Blaha U Sediments affected by fluctuations of hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater were studied at a former military site. Due to remediation, groundwater table fluctuation (GWTF) extends over approximately one meter. Three cores were collected, penetrating through the GWTF zone. Magnetic parameters, sediment properties and hydrocarbon content were measured. We discovered that magnetic concentration parameters increased towards the top of the GWTF zone. Magnetite is responsible for this enhancement; rock magnetic parameters indicate that the newly formed magnetite is in a single domain rather than a superparamagnetic state. The presence of hydrocarbons is apparently essential for magnetite to form, as there is clearly less magnetic enhancem... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3057014 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3057014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048735&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948372%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined and compared PBDE contamination in eggs of osprey, double-crested cormorant, brown pelican and peregrine falcon from this area. Several legacy persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs and DDE were also investigated. The level of urbanization of the landscape appeared to influence the level of PBDE exposure. PBDE congener distribution patterns varied between piscivorous and terrestrial-feeding birds. This suggests individual congeners may be subject to differences in bioaccumulation, biomagnification or metabolism in the aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Biomagnification of PBDEs was studied in the Bay aquatic food chains for the first time. A biomagnification factor of 25.1 was estimated for SigmaPBDEs for the fish - osprey egg food chain. Hazard quotients, applied a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048735 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048734&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19948373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van den Broeck H, De Wolf H, Backeljau T, Blust R Metal (i.e. Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the soft tissue of Littorina littorea were measured along the heavily polluted Western Scheldt (WS) and relatively clean Eastern Scheldt (ES) estuary. Along the WS metal and MT levels in periwinkles reflected the known downstream decreasing pollution gradient. Surprisingly in ES animals As, Mn and Zn concentrations decreased from east to west reflecting past pollution. Compared to the WS metal concentrations of ES periwinkles were significantly lower and both estuaries were maximally discriminated from each other based on their Cd soft tissue concentration using a canonical discriminant analysis. Furthermore, no overall difference was ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048734 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048736&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19945202%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to (1) identify, among published procedures, an extraction method which preserves the oxidation state of arsenic and (2) to assess the influence of soil physicochemical properties on the performance of these methods. Four extraction strategies were compared: 1) 10 M HCl, 2) 15% (v/v) H(3)PO(4), 3) 10 mM phosphate + 0.5% (w/v) NaDDC, and, 4) 1 M H(3)PO(4) + 0.5 M ascorbic acid (C(6)H(8)O(6)). Separation and analysis of As species was performed by HPLC-ICP/MS. Oxidation of As(III) into As(V) during extraction was more important in soils with high content of Mn oxides. Extraction of arsenic from soils with 1 M H(3)PO(4) + 0.5 M C(6)H(8)O(6) under microwaves was the best strategy to extract the majority of As while minimizing conversion of As(III) into As(V). ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048736 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048738&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19944504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nogueira P, Pacheco M, Lourdes Pereira M, Mendo S, Rotchell JM The responses of Dicentrarchus labrax and Liza aurata to aquatic pollution were assessed in a contaminated coastal lagoon, using both traditional and novel biomarkers combined. DNA damage, assessed by comet assay, was higher in both fish species from the contaminated sites, whereas levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression were not significantly altered. The liver histopathological analysis also revealed significant lesions in fish from contaminated sites. Alterations in ras and xpf genes were analysed and additional pollutant-responsive genes were identified. While no alterations were found in ras gene, a downregulation of xpf gene was observed in D. labrax from a contaminated site. Suppression subtractive hyb... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048738 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3048737&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19944505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou Z, Sun H, Zhang W Desorption of pyrene and phenanthrene, from two charcoals and humic acid preloaded charcoals were studied. Desorption occurred obviously in two fractions, with rapid and slow desorption rate constant ranging from 0.18 to 0.71 d(-1), and from 6.3 x 10(-5) to 7.4 x 10(-3) d(-1), respectively. Both the kinetics and percentage extent of desorption were influenced greatly by the properties of chemical and charcoal. Generally, slower and less desorption is related to larger chemical at lower level, and occurred from charcoal with greater aromaticity and polarity. Both rapid and slow desorption rates of pyrene decreased after the two charcoals were preloaded with humic acids. This demonstrates that the size and surface property of charcoal micropores exhibit gr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3048737 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3048737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036301&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19939528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kissoon LT, Jacob DL, Otte ML Rumex crispus was grown under wet and dry conditions in two-chamber columns such that the roots were confined to one chamber by a 21 mum nylon mesh, thus creating a soil-root interface ('rhizoplane'). Element concentrations at 3 mm intervals below the 'rhizoplane' were measured. The hypothesis was that metals accumulate near plant roots more under wetland than dryland conditions. Patterns in element distribution were different between the treatments. Under dryland conditions Al, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mg, Na, Sr, V, Y and Zn accumulated in soil closest to the roots, above the 'rhizoplane' only. Under wetland conditions Al, Fe, Cr, K, V and Zn accumulated above as well as 3 mm below the 'rhizoplane' whereas La, Sr and Y accumulated 3 mm below the '... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036301 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036300&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19939529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duchet C, Caquet T, Franquet E, Lagneau C, Lagadic L The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 mug L(-1)) on a field population of Daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using Bti (0.16 and 0.50 muL L(-1)) as the reference larvicide. Microcosms (125 L) were placed in a shallow temporary marsh where D. magna was naturally present. The peak of salinity observed during the 21-day observation period may have been partly responsible for the decrease of daphnid population density in all the microcosms. It is also probably responsible for the absence of recovery in the microcosms treated with spinosad which caused a sharp decrease of D. magna abundance within the first two days fo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036300 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031009&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19932535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Muñoz I, Martínez Bueno MJ, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba AR In this work the risk posed to seawater organisms, predators and humans is assessed, as a consequence of exposure to 12 organic micro-pollutants, namely metronidazole, trimethoprim, erythromycin, simazine, flumequine, carbaryl, atrazine, diuron, terbutryn, irgarol, diphenyl sulphone (DPS) and 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB). The risk assessment study is based on a 1-year monitoring study at a Spanish marine fish farm, involving passive sampling techniques. The results showed that the risk threshold for irgarol concerning seawater organisms is exceeded. On the other hand, the risk to predators and especially humans through consumption of fish is very low, due to the low bioconcentration poten... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031009 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031008&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19932536%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Heemsbergen DA, McLaughlin MJ, Whatmuff M, Warne MS, Broos K, Bell M, Nash D, Barry G, Pritchard D, Penney N For essential elements, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), the bioavailability in biosolids is important from a nutrient release and a potential contamination perspective. Most ecotoxicity studies are done using metal salts and it has been argued that the bioavailability of metals in biosolids can be different to that of metal salts. We compared the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in biosolids with those of metal salts in the same soils using twelve Australian field trials. Three different measures of bioavailability were assessed: soil solution extraction, CaCl(2) extractable fractions and plant uptake. The results showed that bioavailability for Zn was similar in biosoli... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031008 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031007&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19932537%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the ability of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) to enhance heavy metal uptake of maize shoots compared with ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) was tested on soil contaminated with heavy metals. Soils treated with OFMSW and EDDS significantly increased the concentration of heavy metals in maize shoots (increments of 302%, 66%, 184%, 169%, and 23% for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb with respect to the control and increments of 933%, 482%, 928%, 428%, and 5551% for soils treated with OFMSW and EDDS, respectively). In soil treated with OFMSW, metal uptake was favored because of the high presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (41.6x than soil control) that exhibited ligand properties because of the high presence of carboxylic acids. Because of the toxic effe... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031007 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031006&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19932538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lailson-Brito J, Dorneles PR, Azevedo-Silva CE, Azevedo AF, Vidal LG, Zanelatto RC, Lozinski CP, Azeredo A, Fragoso AB, Cunha HA, Torres JP, Malm O Blubber samples from 33 Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from three estuaries (Guanabara, Sepetiba/Ilha Grande and Paranaguá Bays) of Southern and Southeastern Brazil were analyzed for organochlorine compounds (DDTs, PCBs and HCB). The sampled individuals were incidentally captured in gillnet fishery between 1995 and 2005. The concentrations (in ng/g lipids) varied from 652 to 23 555 for SigmaDDT; from 765 to 99 175 for SigmaPCB; and from <4.4 to 156 for HCB. The results have shown that cetaceans from Brazil present organochlorine concentrations that are comparable to those reported for highly industrialized regions of ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031006 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031011&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19931958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ongley ED, Xiaolan Z, Tao Y Estimates of non-point source (NPS) contribution to total water pollution in China range up to 81% for nitrogen and to 93% for phosphorus. We believe these values are too high, reflecting (a) misuse of estimation techniques that were developed in America under very different conditions and (b) lack of specificity on what is included as NPS. We compare primary methods used for NPS estimation in China with their use in America. Two observations are especially notable: empirical research is limited and does not provide an adequate basis for calibrating models nor for deriving export coefficients; the Chinese agricultural situation is so different than that of the United States that empirical data produced in America, as a basis for applying estimation ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031011 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3031010&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19931959%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu Y, Hendershot WH The accumulation and rhizotoxicity of Ni to pea were investigated. Calcium, H, and Ni competed for root-binding sites with high pH and low Ca favoring more Ni accumulation. At low pH, Ca accumulation is the key factor determining root growth, while at medium to high pH, root elongation is more sensitive to Ni concentration. The tissue concentration of Ni and Ca ([Ni]t or [Ca]t, mumol g(-1) dry root) can be predicted from total dissolved Ni ([Ni](T), muM), pH, and total dissolved Ca ([Ca](T), mM) by two approaches. Approach 1 is the empirical equations [Ni]t = (0.361 pH-0.695[Ca](T))*[Ni](T) and [Ca]t = 8.29 pH + 10.8 [Ca](T). The second approach involves a two-step model. The surface-bound Ni and Ca are estimated from a surface adsorption model with binding... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3031010 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3031010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3015554&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19926184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shi G, Chen Z, Bi C, Li Y, Teng J, Wang L, Xu S A set of toxic metals, i.e. As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr, in urban and suburban SDSs were investigated comparatively in the biggest metropolitan area of China, Shanghai. Results showed that all of the metals except As were accumulated greatly, much higher than background values. Geo-accumulation index indicated that metal contamination in urban SDSs was generally heavier than that in suburban SDSs. Potential ecological risk index demonstrated that overall risks caused by metals were considerable. Cd contributed 52% to the overall risk. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that in urban SDSs, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr were related to traffic and industry; coal combustion led to elevated levels of Hg; soil parent materia... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3015554 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3015554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000373&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19914750%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaliakatsou E, Bell JN, Thirtle C, Rose D, Power SA Numerous experiments have demonstrated reductions in the yields of cereal crops due to tropospheric O(3), with losses of up to 25%. However, the only British econometric study on O(3) impacts on winter wheat yields, found that a 10% increase in AOT40 would decrease yields by only 0.23%. An attempt is made here to reconcile these observations by developing AOT40 maps for Great Britain and matching levels with a large number of standardised trial plot wheat yields from many sites over a 13-year period. Panel estimates (repeated measures on the same plots with time) show a 0.54% decrease in yields and it is hypothesised that plant breeders may have inadvertently selected for O(3) tolerance in wheat. Some support for this is prov... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000373 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000372&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19914751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Darbah JN, Sharkey TD, Calfapietra C, Karnosky DF The effect of high temperature on photosynthesis of isoprene-emitting (aspen) and non-isoprene-emitting (birch) trees were measured under elevated CO(2) and ambient conditions. Aspen trees tolerated heat better than birch trees and elevated CO(2) protected photosynthesis of both species against moderate heat stress. Elevated CO(2) increased carboxylation capacity, photosynthetic electron transport capacity, and triose phosphate use in both birch and aspen trees. High temperature (36-39 degrees C) decreased all of these parameters in birch regardless of CO(2) treatment, but only photosynthetic electron transport and triose phosphate use at ambient CO(2) were reduced in aspen. Among the two aspen clones tested, 271 showed higher ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000372 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000371&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19914752%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Preisler HK, Zhong SS, Esperanza A, Brown TJ, Bytnerowicz A Data from four continuous ozone and weather monitoring sites operated by the National Park Service in Sierra Nevada, California, are used to develop an ozone forecasting model and to estimate the contribution of wildland fires on ambient ozone levels. The analyses of weather and ozone data pointed to the transport of ozone precursors from the Central Valley as an important source of pollution in these National Parks. Comparisons of forecasted and observed values demonstrated that accurate forecasts of next-day hourly ozone levels may be achieved by using a time series model with historic averages, expected local weather and modeled PM values as explanatory variables. Results on fire smoke influence indicated occurrenc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000371 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000370&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19914753%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides a critical review of the environmental chemistry of inorganic antimony (Sb) in soils, comparing and contrasting findings with those of arsenic (As). Characteristics of the Sb soil system are reviewed, with an emphasis on speciation, sorption and phase associations, identifying differences between Sb and As behaviour. Knowledge gaps in environmentally relevant Sb data for soils are identified and discussed in terms of the limitations this imposes on understanding the fate, behaviour and risks associated with Sb in environmental soil systems, with particular reference to mobility and bioavailability. PMID: 19914753 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000370 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000369&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19914754%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rolland MN, Gabrielle B, Laville P, Cellier P, Beekmann M, Gilliot JM, Michelin J, Hadjar D, Curci G Arable soils are a significant source of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor of tropospheric ozone, and thereby contribute to ozone pollution. However, their actual impact on ozone formation is strongly related to their spatial and temporal emission patterns, which warrant high-resolution estimates. Here, we combined an agro-ecosystem model and geo-referenced databases to map these sources over the 12 000 km(2) administrative region surrounding Paris, France, with a kilometric level resolution. The six most frequent arable crop species were simulated, with emission rates ranging from 1.4 kg N-NO ha(-1) yr(-1) to 11.1 kg N-NO ha(-1) yr(-1). The overall emission factor for fertilizer-... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000369 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000377&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sim WJ, Lee JW, Oh JE We measured 25 pharmaceuticals in ten municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), one hospital WWTP and five rivers in Korea. In the municipal WWTP influents, acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine showed relatively high concentrations. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the wastewater seems to be influenced by production and consumption of pharmaceuticals. The hospital WWTP influent showed higher total concentrations of pharmaceuticals than the municipal WWTPs, and caffeine, ciprofloxacin and acetaminophen were dominant. In the rivers, caffeine was dominant, and the distribution of pharmaceuticals was related to the inflow of the wastewater. In the municipal WWTPs, the concentrations of acetaminophen, caffeine, acetylsalicylic acid, ibupro... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000377 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000376&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913964%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang BZ, Ni HG, Guan YF, Zeng EY To determine the potential input sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to fish farming environments in South China, samples of seven various environmental matrices were collected from October 2006-September 2007. Tri- to deca-BDEs were detected in all samples analyzed, with mean concentrations (+/-standard deviations) at 5.7 +/- 3.6 ng/L in pond water, 15 +/- 11 ng/g dry wt. in pond sediment, 12 +/- 3.8 ng/g dry wt. in bank soil, 21 +/- 20 ng/g lipid wt. in fish, and 93 +/- 62 ng/g lipid wt. in fish feeds. In addition, BDE-209 was the major constituent in all samples except fish and BDE-47 was predominant in fish samples. Relatively high abundances of BDE-49 were detected in all the samples compared to those in the penta-BDE techni... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000376 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000375&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dessureault-Rompré J, Luster J, Schulin R, Tercier-Waeber ML, Nowack B By using a rhizobox micro-suction cup technique we studied in-situ mobilization and complexation of Zn and Cd in the rhizosphere of non-hyperaccumulating Thlaspi perfoliatum and two different Thlaspi caerulescens ecotypes, one of them hyperaccumulating Zn, the other Zn and Cd. The dynamic fraction (free metal ions and small labile complexes) of Zn and Cd decreased with time in the rhizosphere solution of the respective hyperaccumulating T. caerulescens ecotypes, and at the end of the experiment, it was significantly smaller than in the other treatments. Furthermore, the rhizosphere solutions of the T. caerulescens ecotypes exhibited a higher UV absorptivity than the solution of the T. perfoliatum rhizo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000375 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000374&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913966%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Speelmans M, Lock K, Vanthuyne DR, Hendrickx F, Du Laing G, Tack FM, Janssen CR In the context of the European Water Framework Directive, controlled flooding of lowlands is considered as a potential water management strategy to minimise the risk of flooding of inhabited areas. However, due to historical pollution and overbank sedimentation, metal levels are elevated in most wetlands, which can cause adverse effects on the ecosystem's dynamics. Additionally, salinity affects the bioavailability of metals present or imported into these systems. The effect of different flooding regimes and salinity exposure scenarios (fresh- and brackish water conditions) on Cu and Zn accumulation in the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) was examined. Metal mobility was closely link... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000374 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000382&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gadd JB, Tremblay LA, Northcott GL Agricultural wastes are a source of steroid estrogens and, if present, conjugated estrogens may add to the estrogen load released to soil and aquatic environments. Dairy shed effluent samples were collected from 18 farms for analysis of steroid estrogens by GC-MS, conjugated estrogens by LC-MS-MS, and estrogenic activity by E-screen in vitro bioassay. 17alpha-estradiol was found at highest concentrations (median 730 ng l(-1)), followed by estrone (100 ng l(-1)) and 17beta-estradiol (24 ng l(-1)). Conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate, 17alpha-estradiol-3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol-3,17-disulfate) were measured in most samples (12-320 ng l(-1)). Median estrogenic activity was 46 ng l(-1) 17beta-estradiol equivalents. Conjugated estrogens c... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000382 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000381&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hartley W, Dickinson NM A derelict canal contains an estimated 9800 tonnes of anoxic sediment with highly elevated concentrations of trace elements. Lack of maintenance, reduced water levels and vegetation colonization threaten the stability of pollutants by removing existing waterlogged reduced conditions. A column leaching study of the sediment under increasingly oxidized conditions showed reductions in As mobility but increased heavy metal concentrations. In a reduced state, As mobility was higher (as a consequence of enhanced Fe and organic carbon solubility) whilst heavy metal concentrations in leachates were lower (due to markedly higher pH). Over 10 contiguous wetting and drying cycles, the consequences were profound; all trace elements were continuously leached with en... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000381 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000380&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradac P, Wagner B, Kistler D, Traber J, Behra R, Sigg L Accumulation of cadmium in periphyton was investigated under field conditions while Cd concentration and speciation were dynamically varying in a small stream during rain events. Speciation in water was determined in situ by diffusion gradient in thin-films (DGT) and by modeling of complexation with fulvic acids. During the rain events, dissolved Cd concentrations increased from 0.17 nM to 0.27-0.36 nM, and 70-97% were DGT-labile. Cd content in periphyton closely followed Cd concentrations in water, despite higher concentrations of Zn and Mn, and may be controlled by either free or DGT-labile Cd concentrations. Decrease of Cd content in periphyton after the rain events was slower than the decrease of Cd concentration in ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000380 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000379&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karlsson J, Ytreberg E, Eklund B Leachates of anti-fouling paints for use on ships and leisure boats are examined for their ecotoxicological potential. Paint leachates were produced in both 7 per thousand artificial (ASW) and natural seawater (NSW) and tested on three organisms, the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the macroalga Ceramium tenuicorne, and the crustacean Nitocra spinipes. Generally, leaching in ASW produced a more toxic leachate and was up to 12 times more toxic to the organisms than was the corresponding NSW leachate. The toxicity could be explained by elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn in the ASW leachates. Of the NSW leachates, those from the ship paints were more toxic than those from leisure boat paints. The most toxic paint was the biocide-free leisure boat pai... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000379 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000378&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bryer PJ, Scoggins M, McClintock NL Non-point-source pollution is a major source of ecological impairment in urban stream systems. Recent work suggests that coal-tar pavement sealants, used extensively to protect parking areas, may be contributing a large portion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) loading seen in urban stream sediments. The hypothesis that dried coal-tar pavement sealant flake could alter the macroinvertebrate communities native to streams in Austin, TX was tested using a controlled outdoor laboratory type approach. The treatment groups were: control, low, medium, and high with total PAH concentrations (TPAH = sum of 16 EPA priority pollutant PAHs) of 0.1, 7.5, 18.4, & 300 mg/kg respectively. The low, medium, and high treatments were created via ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000378 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000387&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910092%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ortega-Larrocea MD, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Maldonado-Mendoza IE, Carrillo-González R, Hernández-Hernández J, Garduño MD, López-Meyer M, Gómez-Flores L, González-Chávez MD Plant establishment, presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other rhizospheric fungi were studied in mine wastes from Zimapan, Hidalgo state, Mexico, using a holistic approach. Two long-term afforested and three non-afforested mine tailings were included in this research. Fifty-six plant species belonging to 29 families were successfully established on the afforested sites, while unmanaged tailings had only a few native plant species colonizing the surrounding soils. Almost all plant roots collected were associated to AMF in these sites. The genus Glomus... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000387 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000386&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu CP, Luo CL, Gao Y, Li FB, Lin LW, Wu CA, Li XD In an extensive environmental study, field samples, including soil, water, rice, vegetable, fish, human hair and urine, were collected at an abandoned tungsten mine in Shantou City, southern China. Results showed that arsenic (As) concentration in agricultural soils ranged from 3.5 to 935 mg kg(-1) with the mean value of 129 mg kg(-1). In addition, As concentration reached up to 325 mug L(-1) in the groundwater, and the maximum As concentration in local food were 1.09, 2.38 and 0.60 mg kg(-1) for brown rice, vegetable and fish samples, respectively, suggesting the local water resource and food have been severely contaminated with As. Health impact monitoring data revealed that As concentrations in hair and urine samples were u... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000386 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000385&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neffling MR, Lance E, Meriluoto J Microcystins are cyanobacterial hepatotoxins capable of accumulation into animal tissues. The toxins act by inhibiting specific protein phosphatases and both non-covalent and covalent interactions occur. The 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) method determines the total, i.e. the sum of free and protein-bound microcystin in tissues. The aim of the method development in this paper was to tackle the problems with the MMPB methodology: the rather laborious workflow and the loss of material during different steps of the method. In the optimised workflow the oxidation recovery was of acceptable level (29-40%), the extraction efficiency good (62-97%), but the signal suppression effect from the matrix remained severe in our system (16-37%... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000385 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000384&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wong F, Alegria HA, Bidleman TF The spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in soils and their potential for soil-air exchange was examined. The most prominent OCs were the DDTs (Geometric Mean, GM = 1.6 ng g(-1)), endosulfans (0.16 ng g(-1)), and toxaphenes (0.64 ng g(-1)). DDTs in soils of southern Mexico showed fresher signatures with higher F(DDTe) = p,p'-DDT/(p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE) and more racemic o,p'-DDT, while the signatures in the central and northern part of Mexico were more indicative of aged residues. Soil-air fugacity fractions showed that some soils are net recipients of DDTs from the atmosphere, while other soils are net sources. Toxaphene profiles in soils and air showed depletion of Parlar 39 and 42 which suggests that soil is the source to the ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000384 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000383&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19910096%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether or not aspen plants grown under elevated CO(2) and/or O(3) will acclimate after 11 years of exposure at the Aspen Face site in Rhinelander, WI, USA. We studied diurnal patterns of instantaneous photosynthetic measurements as well as A/C(i) measurements monthly during the 2004-2008 growing seasons. Our results suggest that the responses of two aspen clones differing in O(3) sensitivity showed no evidence of photosynthetic and stomatal acclimation under either elevated CO(2), O(3) or CO(2) + O(3). Both clones 42E and 271 did not show photosynthetic nor stomatal acclimation under elevated CO(2) and O(3) after a decade of exposure. We found that the degree of increase or decrease in the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance varied significantly from day to day and from on... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000383 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000390&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lance E, Neffling MR, Gérard C, Meriluoto J, Bormans M Accumulation of free microcystins (MCs) in freshwater gastropods has been demonstrated but accumulation of MCs covalently bound to tissues has never been considered so far. Here, we follow the accumulation of total (free and bound) MCs in Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to i) dissolved MC-LR (33 and 100 mug L(-1)) and ii) Planktothrix agardhii suspensions producing 5 and 33 mug MC-LR equivalents L(-1) over a 5-week period, and after a 3-week depuration period. Snails exposed to dissolved MC-LR accumulated up to 0.26 mug total MCs g(-1) dry weight (DW), with no detection of bound MCs. Snails exposed to MCs producing P. agardhii accumulated up to 69.9 mug total MCs g(-1) DW, of which from 17.7 to 66.7% were bound. After depur... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000390 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000389&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-Blanco A, Antoine V, Pelletier E, Delille D, Ghiglione JF The dynamics of total and active microbial communities were studied in seawater microcosms amended with crude or diesel oil at different temperatures (25, 10 and 4 degrees C) in the presence/absence of organic fertilization (Inipol EAP 22). Total and hydrocarbon-degrading microbes were enumerated by fluorescence microscopy and Most Probable Number (MPN) method, respectively. Total (16S rDNA-based) vs. active (16S rRNA) bacterial community structure was monitored by Capillary-Electrophoresis Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (CE-SSCP) fingerprinting. Hydrocarbons were analyzed after 12 weeks of incubation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total and hydrocarbon-degrading microbial counts were h... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000389 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3000388&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906476%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to evaluate the performance of testing laboratories determining "Endocrine Disrupting Compounds" (EDC) in various aqueous matrices. As the main task three steroid estrogens: 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17beta-estradiol and estrone were determined in four spiked aqueous matrices: tap water, river water and wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Results were compared and discussed according to the analytical techniques applied, the accuracy and reproducibility of the analytical methods and the nature of the sample matrices. Overall, the results obtained in this inter-laboratory exercise reveal a high level of competence among the participating laboratories for the detection of steroid estrogens in water samples indicating that GC-MS as well... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3000388 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3000388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977441&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897290%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vasilyeva GK, Strijakova ER, Nikolaeva SN, Lebedev AT, Shea PJ Activated carbon (AC) can help overcome toxicity of pollutants to microbes and facilitate soil bioremediation. We used this approach to treat a Histosol and an Alluvial soil historically contaminated with PCB (4190 and 1585 mg kg(-1), respectively; primarily tri-, tetra- and pentachlorinated congeners). Results confirmed PCB persistence; reductions in PCB extractable from control and AC-amended soils were mostly due to a decrease in tri- and to some extent tetrachlorinated congeners as well as formation of a bound fraction. Mechanisms of PCB binding by soil and AC were different. In addition to microbial degradation of less chlorinated congeners, we postulate AC catalyzed dechlorination of higher chlorinated congen... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977441 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977440&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897291%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuang YW, Wen DZ, Li J, Sun FF, Hou EQ, Zhou GY, Zhang DQ, Huang LB The present study investigated the changes of delta(15)N values in the tip, middle and base section (divided by the proportion to needle length) of current- and previous-year needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) from two declining forest stands suffering from air pollution, in comparison with one healthy stand. At the healthy stand, delta(15)N in the three sections of both current- and previous-year needles were found evenly distributed, while at the polluted stands, delta(15)N values in the needles were revealed significantly different from the tip to the base sections. The results implied that the distribution of delta(15)N among different parts or sections in foliages was not always homogeneous and ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977440 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977439&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897292%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clémentine F, Cosson RP, Cœurdassier M, Francis R, Patrick G, Nadia C, de Vaufleury A, Renaud S We investigated how host factors (species, age, gender) modulated Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations, metallothionein levels (MTs) and their relationships in 7 sympatric small mammal species along a pollution gradient. Cd concentrations in liver and kidneys increased with age in all species. Age effect on other metals and MTs differs among species. Gender did not influence metal and MT levels except in the bank vole. Three patterns linking internal metal concentrations and MTs were observed along the gradient: a low metal accumulation with a (i) high (wood mouse) or (ii) low (bank vole) level of MTs accompanied by a slight or no increase of MTs with Cd accumulation; (iii) ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977439 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977438&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897293%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ward T, Lange T During the winters of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008, PM(2.5) source apportionment programs were carried out within five western Montana valley communities. Filter samples were analyzed for mass and chemical composition. Information was utilized in a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) computer model to apportion the sources of PM(2.5). Results showed that wood smoke (likely residential woodstoves) was the major source of PM(2.5) in each of the communities, contributing from 56% to 77% of the measured wintertime PM(2.5). Results of (14)C analyses showed that between 44% and 76% of the measured PM(2.5) came from a new carbon (wood smoke) source, confirming the results of the CMB modeling. In summary, the CMB model results, coupled with the (14)C results, support that wood smok... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977438 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977437&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897294%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a selective sampling device was used to evaluate the impact of potential local sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (dl-PCBs) emissions on the ambient air levels of such compounds in a town near an important industrial estate. Average concentrations of target compounds of up to 2.5 times for PCDD/Fs and 2 times for dl-PCBs were found to come from the industrial state confirming this area as the main responsible for the majority of such compounds reaching the town. This finding was supported by a PCDD/F and dl-PCB sample profile analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA), which established a direct link between the dioxin-like compounds found in the samples collected in the town and their source... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977437 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977443&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19896757%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the effects of erythromycin on activated sludge from two French urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Wastewater spiked with 10 mg/L erythromycin inhibited the specific evolution rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 79% (standard deviation 34%) and the specific N-NH(4)(+) evolution rate by 41% (standard deviation 25%). A temporary increase in COD and tryptophan-like fluorescence, as well as a decrease in suspended solids, were observed in reactors with wastewater containing erythromycin. The destruction of activated sludge flocs was monitored by automated image analysis. The effect of erythromycin on nitrification was variable depending on the sludge origin. Erythromycin inhibited the specific nitrification rate in sludge from one WWTP, but increased the nitrifi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977443 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2977442&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19896758%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has evaluated urban habitat quality by studying specific leaf area (SLA) and stomatal characteristics of the common herb Plantago lanceolata L. SLA and stomatal density, pore surface and resistance were measured at 169 locations in the city of Gent (Belgium), distributed over four land use classes, i.e., sub-urban green, urban green, urban and industry. SLA and stomatal density significantly increased from sub-urban green towards more urbanised land use classes, while the reverse was observed for stomatal pore surface. Stomatal resistance increased in the urban and industrial land use class in comparison with the (sub-) urban green, but differences between land use classes were less pronounced. Spatial distribution maps for these leaf characteristics showed a high spatial variat... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2977442 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2977442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2972147&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19892447%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports on the occurrence and behaviour of six pesticides and one metabolite in a small stream draining a vineyard catchment. Base flow and flood events were monitored in order to assess the variability of pesticide concentrations according to the season and to evaluate the role of sampling frequency on the evaluation of fluxes estimates. Results showed that dissolved pesticide concentrations displayed a strong temporal and spatial variability. A large mobilisation of pesticides was observed during floods, with total dissolved pesticide fluxes per event ranging from 5.7 x 10(-3) g/Ha to 0.34 g/Ha. These results highlight the major role of floods in the transport of pesticides in this small stream which contributed to more than 89% of the total load of diuron during August 2007. ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2972147 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2972147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2972146&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19892448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barata C, Fabregat MC, Cotín J, Huertas D, Solé M, Quirós L, Sanpera C, Jover L, Ruiz X, Grimalt JO, Piña B Blood biomarkers and levels of major pollutants in eggs and feathers were used to determine pollution effects in nestlings of the Purple Heron Ardea purpurea and the Little Egret Egretta garzetta, sampled on three Ebro River (NE Spain) areas: a reference site, a site affected by the effluents of a chlor-alkali industry and the river Delta. The two impacted heron populations showed mutually different pollutant and response patterns, suggesting different sources of contamination. In the population nesting near the chlor-alkali plant, elevated levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in eggs, and mercury in feathers in A. purpurea... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2972146 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2972146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2972145&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19892449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoai PM, Ngoc NT, Minh NH, Viet PH, Berg M, Alder AC, Giger W The occurrence, temporal trend, sources and toxicity of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were investigated in sediment samples from the sewer system of Hanoi City, including the rivers Nhue, To Lich, Lu, Set, Kim Nguu and the Yen So Lake. In general, the concentrations of the pollutants followed the order DDTs > PCBs > HCHs (beta-HCH) > HCB. However, the pollution pattern was different for the DDTs and PCBs when the sampling locations were individually evaluated. The concentrations of the DDTs, PCBs, HCHs, and HCB ranged from 4.4 to 1100, 1.3 to 384, <0.2 to 36 and <0.2 to 22 ng/g d.w., respectively. These levels are higher than at any other location in Vietnam. Compared to measurements from 1997, t... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2972145 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2972145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2967942&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19889492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kontunen-Soppela S, Parviainen J, Ruhanen H, Brosché M, Keinänen M, Thakur RC, Kolehmainen M, Kangasjärvi J, Oksanen E, Karnosky DF, Vapaavuori E Gene expression responses of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) leaves to elevated concentrations of CO(2) and O(3) were studied with microarray analyses from three time points during the summer of 2004 at Aspen FACE. Microarray data were analyzed with clustering techniques, self-organizing maps, K-means clustering and Sammon's mappings, to detect similar gene expression patterns within sampling times and treatments. Most of the alterations in gene expression were caused by O(3), alone or in combination with CO(2). O(3) induced defensive reactions to oxidative stress and earlier leaf senescence, seen as decreased expressi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2967942 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2967942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2959644&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19883961%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manna AK, Sen M, Martin AR, Pal P Experimental investigations were carried out on removal of arsenic from contaminated groundwater by employing a new flat-sheet cross flow membrane module fitted with a hydrophobic polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane. The new design of the solar-driven membrane module in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration successfully produced almost 100 per cent arsenic-free water from contaminated groundwater in a largely fouling-free operation while permitting high fluxes under reduced temperature polarization. For a feed flow rate of 0.120m(3)/h, the 0.13mum PVDF membrane yielded a high flux of 74kg/(m(2)h) at a feed water temperature of 40 degrees C and, 95kg/m(2)h at a feed water temperature of 60 degrees C. The e... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2959644 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2959644