MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Environmental Pollution' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 11:36:05 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618240&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Gestel CA, McGrath SP, Smolders E, Ortiz MD, Borgman E, Verweij RA, Buekers J, Oorts K Abstract To determine if long-term equilibration may alleviate molybdenum toxicity, earthworms, enchytraeids, collembolans and four plant species were exposed to three soils freshly spiked with Na(2)MoO(4).2H(2)O and equilibrated for 6 or 11 months in the field with free drainage. Total Mo concentrations in soil decreased by leaching, most (up to 98%) in sandy soil and less (54-62%) in silty and clayey soils. Changes in residual Mo toxicity with time were inconclusive in sandy soil. In the other two soils, toxicity of residual total Mo was significantly reduced after 11 months equilibration with a median 5.5-fold increase in ED50s. Mo fixation in soil, i.e. the decrease of soil solut... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618240 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:23:25 +0100 5618240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618239&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243842%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kafel A, Zawisza-Raszka A, Szulińska E Abstract Biochemical and organismal indices of metal tolerance were studied in Spodoptera exigua exposed to a cadmium-contaminated diet for one or many (33 or 61) generations. Reduced and oxidised glutathione, protein thiols, total anti-oxidant capacity level, glutathione transferase activity, and Cd accumulation were assayed in the haemolymph of the last instar larvae. The cadmium concentration in the whole larval body as well as larval survival, larval duration time and last instar body weight were also measured. Elevated cadmium concentration in the whole body, higher mortality and longer duration of the larval stage in one-generation exposed insects in comparison with those exposed for many generations suggest that metal toleranc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618239 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:23:11 +0100 5618239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618238&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiang Y, Delbarre H, Sauvage S, Léonardis T, Fourmentin M, Augustin P, Locoge N Abstract During summer 2009, online measurements of 25 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from C6 to C10 as well as micro-meteorological parameters were simultaneously performed in the industrial city of Dunkerque. With the obtained data set, we developed a methodology to examine how the contributions of different source categories depend on atmospheric turbulences, and the results provided identification of emission modes. Eight factors were resolved by using Positive Matrix Factorization model and three of them were associated with mixed sources. The observed behaviours of contributions with turbulences lead to attribute some factors with sources at ground level, and some other factors with s... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618238 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:22:56 +0100 5618238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618237&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243844%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Payán MC, Verbinnen B, Galan B, Coz A, Vandecasteele C, Viguri JR Abstract One of the main risks of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is CO(2) leakage from a storage site. The influence of CO(2) leakage on trace metals leaching from contaminated marine sediment in a potential storage area (Northern Spain) is addressed using standardized leaching tests. The influence of the pH of the leaching solution on the leachates is evaluated using deionized water, natural seawater and acidified seawater at pH = 5, 6 and 7, obtained by CO(2) bubbling. Equilibrium leaching tests (EN 12457) were performed at different liquid-solid ratios and the results of ANC/BNC leaching test (CEN/TS 15364) were modeled using Visual Minteq. Equilibrium tests gave values of the final pH for all seawat... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618237 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:22:42 +0100 5618237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618236&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243845%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gebbink WA, Letcher RJ Abstract The comparative accumulation of C(4)-C(15) perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) and carboxylates (PFCAs), and several precursors (e.g., perfluorooctane sulfonamide, N-methyl-FOSA, and fluorotelomer unsaturated acids and alcohols) was examined in tissues (liver, brain, muscle, and adipose), plasma/red blood cells (RBCs) and whole egg clutches (yolk and albumen) of female herring gulls collected in 2010 from Chantry Island, Lake Huron of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Highest mean ∑PFSA concentrations were in yolk, followed by adipose, liver, plasma, muscle, RBCs, and brain. Highest mean ∑PFCA concentrations were in yolk, followed by brain, plasma, liver, RBC, adipose and muscle. PFOS accounted for >88% of ∑PFSA in all samples; the liver, p... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618236 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:22:26 +0100 5618236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618235&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243846%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu XY, Koba K, Takebayashi Y, Liu CQ, Fang YT, Yoh M Abstract Natural mosses have been employed as reactive and accumulative indicators of atmospheric pollutants. Using the denitrifier method, the concentration, δ(15)N and δ(18)O of moss nitrate (NO(3)(-)) were measured to elucidate the sources of NO(3)(-) trapped in natural mosses. Oven drying at 55-70 °C, not lyophilization, was recommended to dry mosses for NO(3)(-) analyses. An investigation from urban to mountain sites in western Tokyo suggested that moss [NO(3)(-)] can respond to NO(3)(-) availability in different habitats. NO(3)(-) in terricolous mosses showed isotopic ratios as close to those of soil NO(3)(-), reflecting the utilization of soil NO(3)(-). Isotopic signatures of NO(3)(-) in corticolous and epili... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618235 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:22:11 +0100 5618235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618234&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243847%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focused on the presence and distribution of 22 antibiotics, including eight quinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides in mollusks from the Bohai Sea of China. 190 samples of eleven species were collected in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Laboratory analyses revealed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the mollusks with quinolones as the major compounds with concentrations of 0.71∼1575.10 μg/kg, which were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those of sulfonamides (0∼76.75 μg/kg) and macrolides (0∼36.21 μg/kg). The contents of quinolones and macrolides did not show significant changes from 2006, 2007 to 2009, while sulfonamides decreased significantly from 2006 to 2009. Compared with other sites, the city of Dalian was more polluted with quinolones, while B... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618234 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:21:55 +0100 5618234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618233&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu J, Zhang H, Shao LM, He PJ Abstract Molecular weight (MW) is a fundamental property of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which potentially affects the binding behavior between DOM and metals. Here, a combined approach of ultrafiltration fractionation, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix quenching and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was employed to elucidate fluorescent characteristics and metal binding properties of individual MW fractions of DOM in landfill leachate. Four humic-like and two protein-like components were identified by PARAFAC. Among them, a fulvic acid-like component was found to be responsible for Cd(II) binding while Cu(II) inclined to complex with humic-like components rather than protein-like ones. Apart from that, MW was found to exert less inf... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618233 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:21:38 +0100 5618233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618232&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243849%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seguel RJ, Morales S RG, Leiva G MA Abstract The study examined weekday-weekend differences in ozone, NO(x) (NO and NO(2)) and VOC concentrations in Santiago, Chile, from 1999 to 2007. The results provide evidence for the occurrence of an atmospheric phenomenon that produces higher ozone concentrations during weekends despite lower concentrations of ozone precursors. This phenomenon is known as the weekend effect (WE). The overall ozone decrease since the spring of 2004 was a consequence of the implementation of several urban pollution control measures. Although these measures caused a decline in the number of days that exceed the national standard from two-thirds to one-third of summer days, the WE, which became statistically significant beginning in September 2004, could... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618232 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:21:23 +0100 5618232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618231&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243850%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiao HY, Wang YL, Tang CG, Liu CQ Abstract Foliar δ(34)S values of three soil-growing plant species (Platanus Orientalis L., Osmanthus fragrans L. and Cinnamomum camphora) have been analyzed to indicate atmospheric sulfur. The foliar δ(34)S values of the three plant species averaged -3.11±1.94‰, similar to those of both soil sulfur (-3.73±1.04‰) and rainwater sulfate (-3.07±2.74‰). This may indicate that little isotopic fractionation had taken place in the process of sulfur uptake by root or leaves. The δ(34)S values changed little in the transition from mature leaves to old/senescing leaves for both the plane tree and the osmanthus tree, suggestive of little isotope effect during sulfur redistribution in plant tissues. Significantly linear correlation between... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618231 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:21:08 +0100 5618231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618230&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243851%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, published toxicity data of nitrobenzene to Chinese aquatic species were gathered, and six resident Chinese aquatic organisms were used in toxicity tests to supplement the existing toxicity data for nitrobenzene. Seventeen genuses mean acute values, three genuses mean chronic values to freshwater aquatic animals, and six genus toxicity values to aquatic plants were collected in total. A criterion maximum concentration of 0.018mg/L and a criterion continuous concentration of 0.001mg/L were developed based on these data, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. These criteria may be useful in the determination of water quality standard of nitrobenzene. PMID: 22243851 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618230 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:20:53 +0100 5618230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618229&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243852%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to assess potential toxic effects of simulated urban runoff on Carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of C. auratus were analyzed after a 7-, 14- and 21-day exposure to simulated urban runoff containing galaxolide (HHCB) and cadmium (Cd). The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of MDA increased significantly exposed to the simulated urban runoff containing HHCB alone or mixture of HHCB and Cd. The activity of the investigated enzymes and the content of MDA then returned to the blank level over a longer period of exposure. The oxidative stress cou... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618229 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:20:39 +0100 5618229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618228&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ham YS, Kobori H, Kang JH, Matsuzaki T, Iino M, Nomura H Abstract Antibiotic-resistant E. coli concentrations showed large spatial and temporal variations, with greater concentrations observed in tributaries and downstream than in the upstream and midstream. Twenty percent of the geometric mean concentrations of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the Tama River basin (Japan) exceeded the maximum acceptable concentration of indicator E. coli established by the USEPA. The indicator E. coli concentrations were positively correlated with those of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and multiple-antibiotic-resistant E. coli (resistance to more than two kinds of antibiotics), respectively, but not the detection rate of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, implying that use of antibiotic-r... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618228 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:20:25 +0100 5618228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618227&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faupel M, Ristau K, Traunspurger W Abstract Theory predicts that in freshwater communities under chemical stress secondary production will decrease while the rate of biomass turnover (P/B) will increase. However, this concept has never been tested on organisms of smaller size (bacteria, protozoans, small metazoans), although they form the basis of the heterotrophic food web. The present work describes the results of a 7-month microcosm study, in which the effects of low and high toxic stress on an entire sediment community were examined, with cadmium (Cd) as the model pollutant (50 and 400mg Cd kg(-1) dry sediment). While metazoans and protozoans generally followed the expected trend, in bacteria both production and P/B decreased under Cd stress. These observations provide... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618227 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:20:12 +0100 5618227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618226&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243855%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tobiszewski M, Namieśnik J Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) diagnostic ratios have recently come into common use as a tool for identifying and assessing pollution emission sources. Some diagnostic ratios are based on parent PAHs, others on the proportions of alkyl-substituted to non-substituted molecules. The ratios are applicable to PAHs determined in different environmental media: air (gas + particle phase), water, sediment, soil, as well as biomonitor organisms such as leaves or coniferous needles, and mussels. These ratios distinguish PAH pollution originating from petroleum products, petroleum combustion and biomass or coal burning. The compounds involved in each ratio have the same molar mass, so it is assumed they have similar physicochemical proper... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618226 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:19:58 +0100 5618226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618225&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243856%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wahyudi A, Bogaert P, Trapp S, Macháčková J Abstract There are currently contradicting results in the literature about the way chloroethene (CE) concentrations from tree core sampling correlate with those from groundwater measurements. This paper addresses this issue by focusing on groundwater and tree core datasets in CE contaminated site, Czech Republic. Preliminary analyses revealed strongly and positively skewed distributions for the tree core dataset, with an intra-tree variability accounting for more than 80% of the total variability, while the spatial analyses based on variograms indicated no obvious spatial pattern for CE concentration. Using rank transformation, it is shown how the results were improved by revealing the initially hidden spatial structure for bo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618225 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:19:45 +0100 5618225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618224&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tian Y, Chen L, Gao L, Michel FC, Wan C, Li Y, Dick WA Abstract Melamine formaldehyde resins have hard and durable properties and are found in many products, including automobile paints. These resins contain high concentrations of nitrogen and, if properly composted, can yield valuable products. We evaluated the effects of starter compost, nutrients, gypsum and microbial inoculation on composting of paint sludge containing melamine resin. A bench-scale composting experiment was conducted at 55 °C for 91 days and then at 30 °C for an additional 56 days. After 91 days, the composts were inoculated with a mixed population of melamine-degrading microorganisms. Melamine resin degradation after the entire 147 days of composting varied between 73 and 95% for the treatments wi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618224 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:19:31 +0100 5618224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618223&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li C, Zheng M, Zhang B, Gao L, Liu L, Zhou X, Ma X, Xiao K Abstract Air, soils and sediments surrounding an abandoned pentachlorophenol (PCP) factory were sampled to determine the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), unintentionally formed during PCP production. The mean concentration of PCDD/Fs in ambient air was one order of magnitude higher than that of the reference site. A trend of decreasing concentrations with increasing distance from the factory was observed, suggesting this site has a significant influence on the regional ambient air. As for soil samples collected within 3 km from the factory and sediment samples from the adjacent rivers, high levels of contamination were found with WHO-TEQ concentrations of 193 ± 211 pg/g ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618223 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:19:18 +0100 5618223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618222&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243859%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the indoor and outdoor air concentrations of volatile PFASs [fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides/sulfonamidoethanols/sulfonamide ethyl acetate (FOSAs/FOSEs/FOSEA)] for the first time in Korean cities. In contrast to the good agreement observed for indoor FTOHs levels in Korea and Europea/North America, FOSAs/FOSEs levels were 10-100-fold lower in Korean indoor air, representing a cultural difference of indoor source. Korean outdoor air contained higher PFAS levels than indoor air, and additionally showed different PFAS composition profile from indoor air. Thus, indoor air would not likely be a main contributor to atmospheric PFAS contamination in Korea, in contrast to western countries. Inhalation exposure of volatile PFASs was estimated to b... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618222 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:19:05 +0100 5618222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618221&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243860%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen KY, Liu JC, Chiang PN, Wang SL, Kuan WH, Tzou YM, Deng Y, Tseng KJ, Chen CC, Wang MK Abstract Surface fire could induce heat transferring into the soil, creating a carbonized environment, which may alter the chemical compositions of soil organic matters (SOM). In the study, a surface soil was carbonized at up to 600 °C with limited air to simulate soils experiencing a surface fire, and Cr(VI) removal on the carbonized soils was investigated. NMR and FTIR analyses demonstrated a remarkable change of SOM structures at 300-400 °C. TGA-MS spectra indicated that (e.g. C(2)H(4), CH(3)OH and C(3)H(8)) were the major components in the evolved gases from the pyrolyzed soil. A maximum amount of Cr(VI) removal (ca. 4 mg g(-1) soil) occurred for the 200 °C-carbonized soi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618221 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:18:52 +0100 5618221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618220&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pistocchi A, Marinov D, Pontes S, Gawlik BM Abstract The paper presents an analysis of measured riverine concentrations of 16 common organic water contaminants. From observed concentrations we back-calculate emissions and chemical half lives through a simple inverse model. The analysis does not allow identifying a single half life/emission factor combination, but a set of combinations which are Pareto-optimal (or "non-dominated"). The approach is shown to provide a rational basis for the screening of chemicals in rivers: with reference to the 16 chemicals considered here, estimated emission factors and half lives are consistent with the ones reported in other studies. For more precise estimates, prior knowledge about either emission factors or half lives is necessary. For ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618220 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:18:40 +0100 5618220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618219&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243862%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sonneveld MP, de Vos JA, Kros J, Knotters M, Frumau A, Bleeker A, de Vries W Abstract We assessed the compliance of a Dutch landscape, dominated by dairy farming, with environmental quality standards using a combination of model calculations and measurements. The total ammonia emission of 2.4 kton NH(3) yr(-1) does not exceed the environmental quality standard (2.6 kton NH(3) yr(-1)). Nevertheless, the total N deposition (on average 24.4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) is such that critical N loads are exceeded at 53% of the nature areas. The deposited N mainly results from non-agricultural sources and agricultural sources outside the area (72%). The calculated average NO(3)(-) concentration in the upper groundwater does not exceed the 50 mg l(-1) threshold. Calculated ann... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618219 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:18:28 +0100 5618219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618218&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243863%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monteiro A, Strunk A, Carvalho A, Tchepel O, Miranda AI, Borrego C, Saavedra S, Rodríguez A, Souto J, Casares J, Friese E, Elbern H Abstract A very high ozone episode with observed hourly values above 350 μg m(-3) occurred in July 2005 at the Lamas d'Olo air quality monitoring station, located in a mountainous area in the north of Portugal. Aiming to identify the origin and formation of this ozone-rich episode, a statistical analysis and a modelling approach were applied. A cross-spectrum analysis in the frequency domain and a synoptic analysis of the meteorological and air quality time series were performed. In order to go further in this analysis, a numerical modelling approach was applied. The results indicate that the transport of ozone and its precursors is the ma... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618218 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:18:16 +0100 5618218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618217&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drewniak L, Maryan N, Lewandowski W, Kaczanowski S, Sklodowska A Abstract The ancient Zloty Stok (SW Poland) gold mine is such an environment, where different microbial communities, able to utilize inorganic arsenic species As(III) and As(V), are found. The purpose of the present study was to (i) estimate prokaryotic diversity in the microbial mats in bottom sediments of this gold mine, (ii) identify microorganisms that can metabolize arsenic, and (iii) estimate their potential role in the arsenic geochemistry of the mine and in the environment. The oxidation/reduction experiments showed that the microbial mat community may significantly contribute to arsenic contamination in groundwater. The presence of both arsenite oxidizing and dissimilatory arsenate reducing bacteria ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618217 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:18:04 +0100 5618217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618216&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243865%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng X, Liu F, Wang WX, Ye Z Abstract Rice consumption has been identified as a major route of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in some areas of inland China. We investigated two potential mitigation methods (water management and deliberate selection of rice cultivars) to reduce the amount of total mercury (Hg) and MeHg within the grain. Rice grown aerobically had markedly reduced total Hg and MeHg concentrations as well as a much lower proportion of MeHg in the grain. Remarkably, there were considerable variations in the total Hg and MeHg concentrations as well as the proportion of MeHg in the grain among the 24 cultivars grown in the same paddy soil. The Hg tolerance index (expressed as % mean of control root growth) also varied substantially among the different cultivars. ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618216 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:17:53 +0100 5618216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618215&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Van Metre PC Abstract Atmospheric deposition of Hg is the predominant pathway for Hg to reach sensitive ecosystems, but the importance of emissions on near-field deposition remains unclear. To better understand spatial variability in Hg deposition, mercury concentrations were analyzed in sediment cores from 12 lakes with undeveloped watersheds near to (<50 km) and remote from (>150 km) several major urban areas in the United States. Background and focusing corrected Hg fluxes and flux ratios (modern to background) in the near-urban lakes (68 ± 6.9 μg m(-2) yr(-1) and 9.8 ± 4.8, respectively) greatly exceed those in the remote lakes (14 ± 9.3 μg m(-2) yr(-1) and 3.5 ± 1.0) and the fluxes are strongly related to distance from the nearest major urb... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618215 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:17:41 +0100 5618215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618214&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243867%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu J, Wang D, Wang J, Wang J Abstract While nano-Fe(2)O(3)(magnetic) is generally considered non-toxic, it could serve as a carrier of other toxic chemicals such as As(V) and enhance their toxicity. The bioaccumulation of nano-Fe(2)O(3)(m) with different exposure times, NP concentrations, and pH conditions was investigated using Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia) as the model organism. Under natural pH conditions, C. dubia significantly accumulated nano-Fe(2)O(3)(m) in the gut, with the maximum accumulation being achieved after 6 h of exposure. The concentration of nano-Fe(2)O(3) also impacted its accumulation, with the maximum uptake occurring at 20 mg/L or more. In addition, the highest bioaccumulation occurred in a pH range of 7-8 where the highest feeding rate was repor... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618214 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:17:29 +0100 5618214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618213&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243868%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang J, Cardenas LM, Misselbrook TH, Cuttle S, Thorman RE, Li C Abstract Grazed grassland systems are an important component of the global carbon cycle and also influence global climate change through their emissions of nitrous oxide and methane. However, there are huge uncertainties and challenges in the development and parameterisation of process-based models for grazed grassland systems because of the wide diversity of vegetation and impacts of grazing animals. A process-based biogeochemistry model, DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), has been modified to describe N(2)O emissions for the UK from regional conditions. This paper reports a new development of UK-DNDC in which the animal grazing practices were modified to track their contributions to the soil nitrogen (N)... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618213 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:17:18 +0100 5618213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618212&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243869%26dopt%3DAbstract This study also emphasizes the interesting use of integrative indexes to synthesize data set. PMID: 22243869 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618212 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:17:06 +0100 5618212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618211&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun GX, Van de Wiele T, Alava P, Tack F, Du Laing G Abstract Rice, used as staple food for half of the world population, can easily accumulate arsenic (As) into its grain, which often leads to As contamination. The health risk induced by presence of As in food depends on its release from the food matrix, i.e., its bioaccessibility. Using an in vitro gastrointestinal simulator, we incubated two types of cooked rice (total As: 0.389 and 0.314 mg/kg). Arsenic bioaccessibility and speciation changes were determined upon gastrointestinal digestion. Washing with deionized water and cooking did not result in changes of As speciation in the rice although the arsenic content dropped by 7.1-20.6%. Arsenic bioaccessibility of the cooked rice in the small intestine ranged between 3... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618211 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:16:55 +0100 5618211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618210&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243871%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beketov MA, Liess M Abstract Despite considerable progress in ecotoxicology, it has become clear that this discipline cannot answer its central questions, such as, "What are the effects of toxicants on biodiversity?" and "How the ecosystem functions and services are affected by the toxicants?". We argue that if such questions are to be answered, a paradigm shift is needed. The current bottom-up approach of ecotoxicology that implies the use of small-scale experiments to predict effects on the entire ecosystems and landscapes should be merged with a top-down macroecological approach that is directly focused on ecological effects at large spatial scales and consider ecological systems as integral entities. Analysis of the existing methods in ecotoxicology, ecology, and envir... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618210 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:16:45 +0100 5618210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618209&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243872%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lv J, Luo L, Zhang J, Christie P, Zhang S Abstract Adsorption of mercury (Hg) on lignin was studied at a range of pH values using a combination of batch adsorption experiments, a surface complexation model (SCM) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Surface complexation modeling indicates that three types of acid sites on lignin surfaces, namely aliphatic carboxylic-, aromatic carboxylic- and phenolic-type surface groups, contributed to Hg(II) adsorption. The bond distance and coordination number of Hg(II) adsorption samples at pH 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 were obtained from extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy analysis. The results of SCM and XAS combined reveal that the predominant adsorption species of Hg(II) on lignin changes from HgCl(2)... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618209 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:16:33 +0100 5618209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618208&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243873%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu F, Guo J, Chang H, Liao H, Zhao X, Mai B, Xing B Abstract Sediment cores from 12 Chinese lakes were analyzed to investigate the historical inputs of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) during the past few decades. Concentrations of ΣPBDE(1) (sum of tri- to hepta-BDEs), ΣPBDE(2) (sum of nona- to deca-BDEs) and DBDPE in the surface sediments were 0.02-0.29 ng g(-1), 0.46-46.6 ng g(-1) and 1.02-3.64 ng g(-1), respectively. The temporal trends of PBDEs and DBDPE followed a general increase from the bottom to the surface. The calculated fluxes for ΣPBDE(1), ΣPBDE(2) and DBDPE were 0.001-0.09, 0.03-4.24, and 0.05-0.31 ng cm(-2) yr(-1), and the inventories were 0.09-7.86, 0.91-461, and 3.83-24.6 ng cm(-2), respectively. The... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618208 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:16:22 +0100 5618208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618207&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243874%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses on the regional trends and possible sources of brominated organic contaminants accumulated in breast milk from mothers in southeastern (Okinawa) and northwestern (Hokkaido) areas of Japan. For persistent brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; major components, BDE-47 and BDE-153) were distributed at higher levels in mothers from Okinawa (mean, 2.1 ng/g lipid), while hexabromobenzene (HeBB) and its metabolite 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene were more abundantly detected in mothers from Hokkaido (0.86 and 2.6 ng/g lipid), suggesting that there are regional differences in their exposure in Japan. We also detected naturally produced brominated compounds, one of which was identified as 2'-methoxy-2,3',4,5'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2'-MeO-BDE68) at ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618207 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:16:10 +0100 5618207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618206&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang H, Zhou W, Wang X, Gao F, Zheng H, Tong L, Ouyang Z Abstract The O(3) uptake in 17 adult trees of six urban species was evaluated by the sap flow-based approach under free atmospheric conditions. The results showed very large species differences in ground area scaled whole-tree ozone uptake ( [Formula: see text] ), with estimates ranging from 0.61 ± 0.07 nmol m(-2) s(-1) in Robinia pseudoacacia to 4.80 ± 1.04 nmol m(-2) s(-1) in Magnolia liliiflora. However, average [Formula: see text] by deciduous foliages was not significantly higher than that by evergreen ones (3.13 vs 2.21 nmol m(-2) s(-1), p = 0.160). Species of high canopy conductance for O(3) ( [Formula: see text] ) took up more O(3) than those of low [Formula: see text] , but that their sensit... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618206 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:59 +0100 5618206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618205&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sacks VP, Lohmann R Abstract Polyethylene passive samplers (PE) were deployed in Narragansett Bay, RI, to examine freely dissolved concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in surface, bottom, and sediment porewater. PBDE congeners in the water column and porewater were below 3 pg L(-1). In the surface water, only PBDE congeners containing up to 5 bromines were detected, while in the deeper water congeners 153 and 154 (6 bromines) were also detected. Activity ratios of surface-bottom water and porewater-bottom water suggested that lower brominated (di-tetra) congeners reached Narragansett Bay from surface waters and sediments. PBDEs in the surface water probably originated from a combination of air-water exchange, freshwater runoff, rivers, and wastewater ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618205 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:47 +0100 5618205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618204&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kochem Mallmann FJ, Rheinheimer Dos Santos D, Cambier P, Labanowski J, Lamy I, Santanna MA, Tessier D, van Oort F Abstract Predicting the transfer of contaminants in soils is often hampered by lacking validation of mathematical models. Here, we applied Hydrus-2D software to three agricultural soils for simulating the 1900-2005 changes of zinc and lead concentration profiles derived from industrial atmospheric deposition, to validate the tested models with plausible assumptions on past metal inputs to reach the 2005 situation. The models were set with data from previous studies on the geochemical background, estimated temporal metal deposition, and the 2005 metal distributions. Different hypotheses of chemical reactions of metals with the soil solution were examined: 100% e... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618204 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:35 +0100 5618204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618203&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243878%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bao P, Hu ZY, Wang XJ, Chen J, Ba YX, Hua J, Zhu CY, Zhong M, Wu CY Abstract A novel non-dsrAB (without dissimilatory sulfite reductase genes) sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Clostridium sp. BXM was isolated from a paddy soil. Incubation experiments were then performed to investigate the formation of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) by Clostridium sp. BXM, and RSC-induced dechlorination of p,p'-DDT in culture medium and soil solution. The RSCs produced were 5.8mM and 4.5mM in 28mM sulfate amended medium and soil solution respectively after 28-day cultivation. The p,p'-DDT dechlorination ratios were 74% and 45.8% for 5.8mM and 4.5mM RSCs respectively at 6h. The metabolites of p,p'-DDT found in the two reaction systems were identified as p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE. The dechlorinat... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618203 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:24 +0100 5618203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618202&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243879%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is a first attempt to investigate the impact of urban contamination on metal tolerance of heterotrophic river biofilms using a short-term test based on β-glucosidase activity. Tolerance levels to Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Pb were evaluated for biofilms collected at three sites along an urban gradient in the Seine river (France). Metallic pollution increased along the river, but concentrations remained low compared to environmental quality standards. Biofilm metal tolerance increased downstream from the urban area. Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between tolerance and contamination and between multi-metallic and physico-chemical gradients. Therefore, tolerance levels have to be interpreted in relation to the whole chemical and physical characteristics and not solely met... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618202 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:13 +0100 5618202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618201&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243880%26dopt%3DAbstract We report visible foliar damage to mango, apricot and plum trees in the vicinity of traditional Bull's Trench brick kilns in Peshawar, Pakistan. Visible injury symptoms, hydrogen fluoride concentrations in air, and foliar fluoride concentrations were all greater in the vicinity of brick kilns than at more distant sites, indicating that fluoride emissions from brick kilns were the main cause of damage. Interviews with local farmers established the significant impact of this damage on their livelihoods. Since poorly regulated brick kilns are often found close to important peri-urban agricultural areas, we suggest that this may be a growing but unrecognised environmental problem in regions of Asia where emission control in brick kilns has not been improved. PMID: 22243880 [PubMed - in pro... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618201 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:15:03 +0100 5618201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618200&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243881%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic EDCs were assessed in high-back crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to WWTP effluents for 141 days. Compared with fish controls caged in Dianchi Lake, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and increase in hepatosomatic index (HSI) and plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels were observed in effluent-exposed fish. The concentrations of steroids and phenols in effluent-exposed fish showed time-dependent increase during the exposure. In addition, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) for steroids and phenols were between 17 and 59 on day 141. The results confirm that steroids and phenols bioconcentrate in fish muscle and this accumulation may account for the biological effects associated with exposures ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618200 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:53 +0100 5618200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618199&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243882%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this paper is to give an account of the evaluation of the effect of urban habitat quality on dorsi-ventral leaf reflectance asymmetry to bio-monitor urban habitat pollution. Reflectance in the RGB bands of a reflex camera is measured at the adaxial and abaxial sides of Carpinus betulus L. leaves for two contrasting urban habitats, e.g.; suburban green and industrial habitats in the city of Gent (Belgium). Abaxial leaf reflectance is consistently higher than adaxial leaf reflectance. We quantified leaf dorsi-ventral reflectance asymmetry with a newly defined Normalized Dorsi-ventral Asymmetry Index (NDAI). The NDAI is significantly higher in industrial habitats as opposed to suburban green ones. Our optical observations indicate that changes in Carpinus betulus L. leaf morp... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618199 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:44 +0100 5618199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618198&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243883%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McDonnell TC, Cosby BJ, Sullivan TJ Abstract Estimation of base cation supply from mineral weathering (BC(w)) is useful for watershed research and management. Existing regional approaches for estimating BC(w) require generalized assumptions and availability of stream chemistry data. We developed an approach for estimating BC(w) using regionally specific empirical relationships. The dynamic model MAGIC was used to calibrate BC(w) in 92 watersheds distributed across three ecoregions. Empirical relationships between MAGIC-simulated BC(w) and watershed characteristics were developed to provide the basis for regionalization of BC(w) throughout the entire study region. BC(w) estimates extracted from MAGIC calibrations compared reasonably well with BC(w) estimated by regression b... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618198 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:34 +0100 5618198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618197&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243884%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the PAH-degrading bacteria of a constructed wetland collecting road runoff has been studied through DNA stable isotope probing. Microcosms were spiked with (13)C-phenanthrene at 34 or 337 ppm, and bacterial diversity was monitored over a 14-day period. At 337 ppm, PAH degraders became dominated after 5 days by Betaproteobacteria, including novel Acidovorax, Rhodoferax and Hydrogenophaga members, and unknown bacteria related to Rhodocyclaceae. The prevalence of Betaproteobacteria was further demonstrated by phylum-specific quantitative PCR, and was correlated with a burst of phenanthrene mineralization. Striking shifts in the population of degraders were observed after most of the phenanthrene had been removed. Soil exposed to 34 ppm phenanthrene showed a similar populatio... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618197 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:23 +0100 5618197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618196&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marty C, Houle D, Duchesne L, Gagnon C Abstract The interaction of atmospheric sulphur (S) was investigated within the canopies of two boreal forests in Québec, Canada. The net canopy exchange approach, i.e. the difference between S-SO(4) in throughfall and precipitation, suggests high proportion of dry deposition in winter (up to 53%) as compared to summer (1-9%). However, a 3.5‰ decrease in δ(18)O-SO(4) throughfall in summer compared to incident precipitation points towards a much larger proportion of dry deposition during the warm season. We suggest that a significant fraction of dry deposition (about 1.2 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), representing 30-40% of annual wet S deposition) which contributed to the decreased δ(18)O-SO(4) in throughfall was taken up by the canopy. Ov... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618196 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:12 +0100 5618196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618195&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243886%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a combined dataset on N loss pathways and fluxes from sloping cropland in the purple soil area, southwestern China. A lysimeter experiment was conducted to quantify nitrate leaching (May 2004-May 2010) and N(2)O emission (May 2009-May 2010) losses. Nitrate leaching was the dominant N loss pathway and annual leaching fluxes ranged from 19.2 to 53.4 kg N ha(-1), with significant differences between individual observation years (P < 0.05). Direct N(2)O emissions due to N fertilizer use were 1.72 ± 0.34 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), which corresponds to an emission factor of 0.58 ± 0.12%. However, indirect N(2)O emissions caused by nitrate leaching and surface runoff N losses, may contribute another 0.15-0.42 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Our study shows that nitrate leachin... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618195 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:14:02 +0100 5618195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618194&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243887%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ye J, Yan C, Liu J, Lu H, Liu T, Song Z Abstract The Effects of silicon (Si) on the distribution of cadmium (Cd) compartmentation in root tips of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong were investigated by pot experiments. Cd concentrations in the apoplastic saps and symplastic fractions of the root tips of K. obovata seedlings were decreased at both Si-supplied treatments. Si addition reduced the concentrations of BaCl(2-)extractable cell-wall-Cd in root tips, but increased the concentrations of Na(3)citrate-extractable cell-wall-Cd and HCl-extractable cell-wall-Cd in root tips. The total root-tip contents of Cd were mainly distributed in the apoplast and most of the Cd in the apoplast was bound to the cell wall. Our experiment found that Si increased the ratio of apoplast Cd (&... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618194 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:13:51 +0100 5618194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618193&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mikkonen A, Hakala KP, Lappi K, Kondo E, Vaalama A, Suominen L Abstract Horizontal and vertical contaminant gradients in an old landfarming field for oil refinery waste were characterised with the aim to assess parallel changes in hydrocarbon groups and general, microbiological and ecotoxicological soil characteristics. In the surface soil polar compounds were the most prevalent fraction of heptane-extractable hydrocarbons, superseding GC-FID-resolvable and high-molar-mass aliphatics and aromatics, but there was no indication of their relatively higher mobility or toxicity. The size of the polar fraction correlated poorly with soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties, which were better explained by the total heptane-extractable and total petroleum hydrocarbon... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618193 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:13:39 +0100 5618193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618192&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243889%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun YX, Luo XJ, Mo L, Zhang Q, Wu JP, Chen SJ, Zou FS, Mai BX Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and pentabromotoluene (PBT) were investigated in light-vented bulbul (LVB), long-tailed shrike (LTS) and oriental magpie-robin (OMR) collected from seven sampling sites in South China. ∑PBDEs, DBDPE, PBB 153, and PBT levels ranged from 35 to 15 000, no detected (nd)-130, nd-6800, and nd-6.8 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Positive correlations were found between δ(15)N values and brominated flame retardant (BFR) concentrations. The BFR geographic pattern indicated that PBDEs were linked to e-waste recycling and local industry activities as well as urbanization; PBB 153 was derived from e-waste... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618192 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:13:28 +0100 5618192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618191&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nabulo G, Black CR, Craigon J, Young SD Abstract Concentrations of potentially toxic elements were measured in soils and five contrasting tropical leafy vegetables grown in a replicated field trial at five contaminated urban agriculture sites in Kampala City, Uganda. Soil contamination at each site could be tentatively ascribed to known waste disposal practices. There was considerable variation in metal uptake between vegetable types. Washing leafy vegetables reduced chromium and lead concentrations but exogenous contamination of leaves also depended on vegetable type, with Gynandropsis gynandra L. showing a marked tendency to accumulate Pb and Cr. For the worst case scenario of children consuming unwashed vegetables, some metal 'hazard quotient' (HQ) limits (1.0) were vio... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618191 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:13:17 +0100 5618191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618190&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243891%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has explored the mechanisms by which these three complexing agents affect the sorption of Th(IV) to pure silica and a natural sand. EDTA, NTA and, to a lesser extent, picolinic acid decreased the sorption of Th to silica, demonstrating the formation and solubility of Th complexes. However, Th sorption to sand was kinetically controlled and complexation enhanced the rate of Th sorption. EDTA and NTA did not sorb significantly to the sand, and metal desorption indicated that the mechanism involved exchange with sand-associated metals. At equilibrium, however, Th sorption was not affected by the presence of the ligands, and modelling suggested that the interaction between Th and the surface binding sites controlled Th sorption thermodynamically. PMID: 22243891 [PubMed - in proc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618190 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:13:06 +0100 5618190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618189&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243892%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Millward GE, Kadam S, Jha AN Abstract The tissue-specific accumulation and time-dependent depuration of radioactive (63)Ni by the byssus, gut, foot, gills, kidney, adductor muscle and faeces of Mytilus edulis has been investigated using a pulse-chase technique. The rate and extent of depuration of (63)Ni varied between tissues and, after 168 h, the concentration factors and assimilation efficiencies ranged from 1 to 35 L kg(-1) and 5%-13%, respectively. Mussels were also exposed to a range of environmentally-realistic concentrations of dissolved Ni, prior to the analysis of biological endpoints. The clearance rate was concentration-dependent and at the highest concentration decreased by 30%. Neutral red retention (NRR) assays indicated a cytotoxic response and DNA stran... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618189 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:12:55 +0100 5618189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618188&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ma B, Wang J, Xu M, He Y, Wang H, Wu L, Xu J Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial dissipation gradient of PAHs, including phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene, with various bioavailability represented with sequential extraction. Dissipation rates of PAHs in the rhizosphere were greater than those in the bulk soil. The n-butanol extracted fraction showed a general trend of dissipation during phytoremediation. Moreover, the formation of bound PAH residues was inhibited in the rhizosphere. While concerning the PAH toxicity, the reduction rates of PAH toxicity were significantly greater than total soil PAH concentrations. Microbial biomass was the highest at four mm away from the root surface. However, the PAH dissipation rates were the highest at on... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618188 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:12:45 +0100 5618188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618187&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243894%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the study reported in this paper was to assess the quality of harvested rainwater on the basis of the roofing materials used and the presence of lichens/mosses on the roofing surface. Four pilot structures with different roofing materials (i.e., wooden shingle tiles, concrete tiles, clay tiles [Gi-Wa] and galvanized steel) were installed in a field. The galvanized steel was found to be the most suitable for rainwater harvesting applications, with their resulting physical and chemical water quality parameters meeting the Korean guidelines for drinking water quality (e.g., pH (5.8-8.5), TSS <500 mg/L, NO(3)(-) < 10 mg/L, SO(4)(2-) < 200 mg/L, Al < 0.2 mg/L, Cu < 1 mg/L, Fe < 0.3 mg/L, Pb < 0.05 mg/L, Zn < 1 mg/L, and E. coli (N... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618187 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:12:34 +0100 5618187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618186&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243895%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to biomonitor the effect of PAH extracts from urban areas on the DNA of lung cell cultures. The analyses of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were performed in atmospheric PM(2.5) and PM(10) collected at three sampling sites with heavy traffic located in the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre (MAPA) (Brazil). The concentrations of 16 major PAHs were determined according to EPA. Comet assay on V79 hamster lung cells was chosen for genotoxicity evaluation. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed were recorded. With regard to the damage index, higher levels were reported in the extract of particulate matter samples from the MAPA during the summer. High molecular weight compounds showed correlation with DNA damage frequency and their respective carcinogenicity. ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618186 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:12:24 +0100 5618186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5618185&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22243896%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined mercury exposure in 133 endangered California clapper rails (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) within tidal marsh habitats of San Francisco Bay, California from 2006 to 2010. Mean total mercury concentrations were 0.56 μg/g ww in blood (range: 0.15-1.43), 9.87 μg/g fw in head feathers (3.37-22.0), 9.04 μg/g fw in breast feathers (3.68-20.2), and 0.57 μg/g fww in abandoned eggs (0.15-2.70). We recaptured 21 clapper rails and most had low within-individual variation in mercury. Differences in mercury concentrations were largely attributed to tidal marsh site, with some evidence for year and quadratic date effects. Mercury concentrations in feathers were correlated with blood, and slopes differed between sexes (R(2) = 0.58-0.76). Body condition was negatively related to mer... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5618185 Sun, 22 Jan 2012 13:12:14 +0100 5618185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594759&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230060%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lei M, Wan XM, Huang ZC, Chen TB, Li XW, Liu YR Abstract Arsenic (As) reduction and translocation are key processes for As hyperaccumulation by the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. Micro-X-ray adsorption spectroscopy of P. vittata's rhizoid tissues revealed that As reduction mainly occurred in endodermis during translocation from epidermis to vascular bundle. Prior to reduction, arsenate (As (V)) translocation was an active process requiring energy and employing a phosphate (P) transporter. Use of a synchrotron X-ray microprobe showed that As (V) and P were cotransported and that this process could be enhanced by As (V) exposure or P deficiency but restrained by energy release inhibition caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol or sodium orthovanadate. In contrast, after As reductio... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594759 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:19:48 +0100 5594759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594758&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230061%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chu W, Gao N, Krasner SW, Templeton MR, Yin D Abstract The formation of regulated and emerging halogenated carbonaceous (C-) and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) from the chlor(am)ination and UV irradiation of tyrosine (Tyr) was investigated. Increased chlorine contact time and/or Cl(2)/Tyr ratio increased the formation of most C-DBPs, with the exception of 4-chlorophenol, dichloroacetonitrile, and dichloroacetamideChloroform and dichloroacetic acid increased with increasing pH, dichloroacetonitrile first increased and then decreased, and other DBPs had maximum yields at pH 7 or 8. The addition of ammonia significantly reduced the formation of most C-DBPs but increased 4-chlorophenol, dichloroacetonitrile, dichloroacetamide, and trichloroacetonitrile yields fo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594758 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:19:25 +0100 5594758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594757&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230062%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Monferrán MV, Pignata ML, Wunderlin DA Abstract The aquatic macrophyte, Potamogeton pusillus was evaluated for the removal of Cu(2+) and Cr(+6) from aqueous solutions during 15 days phytoextraction experiments. Results show that P. pusillus is capable of accumulating substantial amount of Cu and Cr from individual solutions (either Cu(2+) or Cr(+6)). Significant correlations between metal removal and bioaccumulation were obtained. Roots and leaves accumulated the highest amount of Cu and Cr followed by stems. The bioaccumulation of Cr was significantly enhanced in the presence of Cu, showing a synergic effect on Cr(+6) removal, presenting a good alternative for the removal of these metals from polluted aquifers. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report on... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594757 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:18:59 +0100 5594757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594756&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kupryianchyk D, Rakowska MI, Grotenhuis JT, Koelmans AA Abstract Contaminated sediments can be remediated by adding carbonaceous materials (CM), e.g. activated carbons (AC). Here, we analyze published datasets from AC amendment trials to identify variation in the effectiveness of AC in reducing porewater concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). The analysis uses a model that separates the contribution of HOC sorption to AC by parameterzing the sorption contributions by amorphous organic matter and black carbon (BC). It appears that sorption to BC increased with LogK(OW), whereas sorption to AC showed a relatively narrow range of affinity properties with a median Freundlich LogK(F,)(AC) value of 7.2 (μg/kg(AC))/(μg/L)(n) (IQR = 7.0-7.5) for polychlorin... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594756 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:18:32 +0100 5594756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594755&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mestankova H, Schirmer K, Escher BI, von Gunten U, Canonica S Abstract The antiviral agent oseltamivir acid (OA, the active metabolite of Tamiflu(®)) may occur at high concentrations in wastewater during pandemic influenza events. To eliminate OA and its antiviral activity from wastewater, ozonation and advanced oxidation processes were investigated. For circumneutral pH, kinetic measurements yielded second-order rate constants of 1.7 ± 0.1 × 10(5) and 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) for the reaction of OA with ozone and hydroxyl radical, respectively. During the degradation of OA by both oxidants, the antiviral activity of the treated aqueous solutions was measured by inhibition of neuraminidase activity of two different viral strains. A transient, moderate (... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594755 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:18:13 +0100 5594755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594754&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230065%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng C, Ouyang Z, Wang M, Chen W, Jiao W Abstract We investigated how urban land uses influence soil accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban green spaces composed of different vegetative cover. How did soil properties, urbanization history, and population density affect the outcomes were also considered. Soils examined were obtained at 97 green spaces inside the Beijing metropolis. PAH contents of the soils were influenced most significantly by their proximity to point source of industries such as the coal combustion installations. Beyond the influence circle of industrial emissions, land use classifications had no significant effect on the extent of PAH accumulation in soils. Instead, the nature of vegetative covers affected PAH contents of th... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594754 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:17:49 +0100 5594754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594753&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xue D, De Baets B, Van Cleemput O, Hennessy C, Berglund M, Boeckx P Abstract To identify different NO(3)(-) sources in surface water and to estimate their proportional contribution to the nitrate mixture in surface water, a dual isotope and a Bayesian isotope mixing model have been applied for six different surface waters affected by agriculture, greenhouses in an agricultural area, and households. Annual mean δ(15)N-NO(3)(-) were between 8.0 and 19.4‰, while annual mean δ(18)O-NO(3)(-) were given by 4.5-30.7‰. SIAR was used to estimate the proportional contribution of five potential NO(3)(-) sources (NO(3)(-) in precipitation, NO(3)(-) fertilizer, NH(4)(+) in fertilizer and rain, soil N, and manure and sewage). SIAR showed that "manure and sewage" contributed highe... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594753 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:17:25 +0100 5594753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594752&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230067%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is a contribution towards a risk assessment of the São Domingos Mine area (Portugal), integrating information from: soil physicochemical characteristics, pseudo-total and bioavailable trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), ecotoxicological evaluation, and microbial indicators. The bioassays using soil eluates (seed germination, luminescent inhibition of Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna immobilization) confirmed the soil toxicity categorization obtained with the bioassays using soil (plant growth tests, Eisenia fetida mortality and avoidance behaviour). However, the soil identified as the most toxic using bioassays, was different from the expected when considering the results from pseudo-total and effective bioavailable trace elements. Taking in consideration the obser... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594752 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:16:54 +0100 5594752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594751&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230068%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed at relating the abundance and diversity of invertebrate communities of urban soils to chemical and physical soil characteristics and to identify the taxa most sensitive or tolerant to soil stressors. The invertebrate community of five urban soils in Naples, Italy, was sampled. To assess soil quality invertebrate community indices (Shannon, Simpson, Menhinick and Pielou indices), Acarina/Collembola ratios, and the soil biological quality index (QBS) were calculated. The chemical and physical characteristics of the soils strongly differed. Abundance rather than taxa richness of invertebrates were more affected by soil characteristics. The community was more abundant and diverse in the soils with high organic matter and water content and low metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) concentration... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594751 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:16:28 +0100 5594751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594750&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzarella G, Esposito V, Bianco A, Ferraraccio F, Prati MV, Lucariello A, Manente L, Mezzogiorno A, De Luca A Abstract Asthma is currently defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway. Several evidence indicate that vehicle emissions in cities is correlated with the allergic respiratory diseases. In the present study, we evaluated in the A549 cells the production and release of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 after treatment with sub-micron PM(1.0) particles (PM(1.0)), Parietaria officinalis (ALL), and PM(1.0) + ALL together. Our data demonstrated that PM(1.0) + ALL together exhibited the greatest capacity to induce A549 cells to enhance the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 compared with the only PM(1.0) or ALL treatment. Interestingly, IL-13 that is necessary for allergen... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594750 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:16:00 +0100 5594750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594749&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paoli L, Corsini A, Bigagli V, Vannini J, Bruscoli C, Loppi S Abstract The diversity of epiphytic lichens and the accumulation of selected trace elements in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata L. (Hale) were used as indicators of pollution around a landfill in central Italy along 14 years of waste management. Lichens revealed an increased deposition for some elements (i.e., Cd, Cr, Fe and Ni) and a decrease of the lichen diversity at sites facing the landfill after an enlargement of the dumping area. However, the results allowed to exclude a significant increase in heavy metal depositions in the surrounding area and suggested that successful waste management may be associated with environmental quality. It is concluded that lichen monitoring might provide essential informati... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594749 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:15:34 +0100 5594749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594748&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan B, Qiu M, Wu M, Zhang D, Peng H, Wu D, Xing B Abstract Dialysis equilibrium system was applied to investigate the roles of Cu(II) and Mg(II) on DOM-ofloxacin (OFL) interaction. The binding behavior of both cations and OFL were studied. The introduction of Cu(II) increased DOM-OFL interaction, while Mg(II) decreased DOM-OFL binding. Cu(II) binding to DOM was also increased by OFL, while Mg(II) binding was decreased by OFL. The change in OFL binding amount in the absence and presence of cations (ΔC(b)) was calculated and compared with cation binding (C(b)(m)). ΔC(b)/C(b)(m) was in the range of 1-3 for Cu(II) depending on the applied Cu concentration. Two ternary complexes of DOM-OFL-Cu and DOM-Cu-OFL were proposed. For Mg(II), ΔC(b)/C(b)(m) was around -1 at Mg(II) con... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594748 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:15:10 +0100 5594748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594747&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230072%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the presence of emerging contaminants published during the last decades, emphasizing on the observed effects on ecosystems caused by the contamination. Pesticides, surfactants, estrogens, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and even abuse drugs are the main groups detected in different studies, reporting alterations in species composition, abundance or biomass and endocrine disruption measured by alterations in enzymatic activity or specific protein production. The information available provides an overview of the river status according to the Water Framework Directive. PMID: 22230072 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594747 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:14:50 +0100 5594747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594746&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crosse JD, Shore RF, Jones KC, Pereira MG Abstract We used the eggs of an avian sentinel, the Northern gannet (Morus bassanus), to determine long-term (1977-2007) trends in PBDE contamination in Western Atlantic (Ailsa Craig colony) and North Sea (Bass Rock colony) waters around the UK. BDEs 47, 49, 99, 100, 153, 154 were the most abundant and were found in all eggs. Individual congener and ΣPBDE concentrations in eggs from both colonies increased mainly from the late 1980s, peaked in 1994, and then rapidly declined so that concentrations in 2002 were similar to or lower than those in the 1970s and 1980s. The PBDE congener profile and temporal variation in PBDE concentrations suggests that the Penta-BDE technical formula was the main source of PBDE contamination. However,... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594746 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:14:30 +0100 5594746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594745&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zheng X, Liu X, Jiang G, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cai Y, Cong Z Abstract Surface soils were collected in Balang Mountain to explore the environmental process of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during air transport. The average concentrations of ∑(25)PCBs and ∑(13)PBDEs in soils were 163 pg/g and 26 pg/g, respectively. The significant correlations between the concentrations of pollutants and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated the importance of TOC in accumulation potential of POPs. The slopes from fitted curves of PCBs were highly related with logK(oa), demonstrating that TOC dominates the soil-air exchange of PCBs. The TOC-normalized concentrations of contaminants in samples from below-treeline were higher than those from alpine ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594745 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:14:09 +0100 5594745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594744&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Costa PM, Caeiro S, Vale C, Delvalls TÀ, Costa MH Abstract Surveying toxicity of complex geochemical media as aquatic sediments often yields results that are either difficult to interpret or even contradictory to acknowledged theory. Multi-level biomarkers were investigated in a benthic fish exposed to estuarine sediments through laboratory and in situ bioassays, to evaluate their employment either in ecological risk assessment or in more mechanistic approaches to assess sediment-bound toxicity. Biomarkers reflecting lesions (such as genotoxicity or histopathology), regardless of their low or absent specificity to contaminants, are efficient in segregating exposure to contaminated from uncontaminated sediments even when classical biomarkers like CYP1A and metallothionein ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594744 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:13:49 +0100 5594744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594743&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230076%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang P, Wang H, Wu L, Di H, He Y, Xu J Abstract Biodegradation processes and changes in microbial community structure were investigated in black carbon (BC) amended soils in a laboratory experiment using two soils (black soil and red soil). We applied different percentages of charcoal as BC (0%, 0.5% and 1% by weight) with 100 mg kg(-1) of phenanthrene. Soil samples were collected at different incubation times (0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 d). The amendment with BC caused a marked decrease in the dissipation (ascribed to mainly degradation and/or sequestration) of phenanthrene residues from soil. Extracted phenanthrene in black soil with 1% BC were higher, oppositely in red soil, 0.5% BC amendments were higher. There were significant changes in the PLFA pattern in phenanthrene... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594743 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:13:29 +0100 5594743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594742&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang JZ, Li HZ, You J Abstract Current-use insecticides including organophosphate (OPs) and synthetic pyrethroid (SPs) insecticides were analyzed in 35 sediment samples collected from Chaohu Lake in China, where a transition from a traditional agricultural to a modern urbanized society is ongoing. Total concentrations of five OPs and eight SPs ranged from 0.029 to 0.681 ng/g dry weight and 0.016-301 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Toxic unit analysis showed that 13% of the sediment samples likely produced over 50% of the mortality for benthic invertebrates. Analysis also showed that cypermethrin was the principal contributor to the toxicity. Spatial distribution evaluation implied that OPs were mainly from non-point sources associated with agricultural activities. Convers... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594742 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:13:04 +0100 5594742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594741&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vieweg I, Hop H, Brey T, Huber S, Ambrose WG, Locke V WL, Gabrielsen GW Abstract Organochlorine compounds (OC) were determined in Arctic bivalves (Mya truncata, Serripes groenlandicus, Hiatella arctica and Chlamys islandica) from Svalbard with regard to differences in geographic location, species and variations related to their size and age. Higher chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 101-PCB 194), chlordanes and α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) were consistently detected in the bivalves and PCBs dominated the OC load in the organisms. OC concentrations were highest in Mya truncata and the lowest in Serripes groenlandicus. Species-specific OC levels were likely related to differences in the species' food source, as indicated by the δ(13)C results, rather than size ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594741 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:12:43 +0100 5594741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594740&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: White DA, Hafsteinsdóttir EG, Gore DB, Thorogood G, Stark SC Abstract Low temperatures and frequent soil freeze-thaw in polar environments present challenges for the immobilisation of metals. To address these challenges we investigated the chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in an Antarctic landfill, examined in vitro reaction kinetics of these metals and orthophosphate at 2 and 22 °C for up to 185 days, and subjected the products to freeze-thaw. Reaction products at both temperatures were similar, but the rate of production varied, with Cu-PO(4) phases forming faster, and the Zn- and Pb-PO(4) phases slower at 2 °C. All metal-orthophosphate phases produced were stable during a 2.5 h freeze-thaw cycle to -30 °C. Metal immobilisation using orthophosphate can be success... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594740 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:12:22 +0100 5594740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594739&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xiao H, Shen L, Su Y, Barresi E, Dejong M, Hung H, Lei YD, Wania F, Reiner EJ, Sverko E, Kang SC Abstract Atmospheric concentrations of halogenated flame retardants (FRs) were monitored for approximately one year at two remote stations, namely Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau and Alert in the Canadian High Arctic. BDE-47 and 99 were the dominant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners at both sites. Atmospheric PBDE concentrations in Nam Co were generally lower than those at Alert. While significant seasonal variations were observed for PBDEs at Alert, the FR concentrations at Nam Co showed no significant seasonality, even though air masses originated from distinctly different regions during different seasons. This suggests that FRs in Tibet do not have regional source... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594739 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:11:56 +0100 5594739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594738&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230081%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cai M, Zhao Z, Yang H, Yin Z, Hong Q, Sturm R, Ebinghaus R, Ahrens L, Cai M, He J, Xie Z Abstract The spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were investigated in coastal waters collected onboard research vessel Snow Dragon from the East to South China Sea in 2010. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/(-)ESI-MS/MS). Concentrations of 9 PFCs, including C(4) and C(8) (PFBS, PFOS) perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSAs), C(5)-C(9) and C(13) (PFPA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFTriDA) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA) were quantified. The ΣPFC concentrations ranged from 133... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594738 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:11:15 +0100 5594738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594737&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bryan AL, Hopkins WA, Parikh JH, Jackson BP, Unrine JM Abstract Birds attracted to nest around coal ash settling basins may expose their young to contaminants by provisioning them with contaminated food. Diet and tissues of Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscala) nestlings were analyzed for trace elements to determine if nestlings were accumulating elements via dietary exposure and if feather growth limits elemental accumulation in other tissues. Arsenic, cadmium, and selenium concentrations in ash basin diets were 5× higher than reference diets. Arsenic, cadmium, and selenium concentrations were elevated in feather, liver, and carcass, but only liver Se concentrations approached levels of concern. Approximately 15% of the total body burden of Se, As, and Cd was sequestered i... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594737 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:10:48 +0100 5594737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594736&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang L, Campbell LM, Johnson TB Abstract Seasonal variation in mercury (Hg) concentrations and food web structure was assessed for eastern Lake Ontario. Hg concentrations, measured in 6 species of invertebrates and 8 species of fishes, tended to be highest in the spring and lowest in the summer for most biota. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) exhibited significant ontogenetic shifts in diet and Hg, although such patterns were not evident for other species. Food web structure, as indicated by stable isotope values (δ(15)N, δ(13)C) was not static. Log-transformed Hg data were strongly and consistently correlated with δ(15)N values for the whole food web in each of the three seasons (slopes, 0.17-0.24) and across the entire year (slope, 0.2). While significantly different ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594736 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:10:27 +0100 5594736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594735&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230084%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses primarily on the inventory of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs associated with the low-temperature thermal processing of scrap printed circuit boards (PCBs). Twelve 2,3,7,8-substituted PBDD/Fs congeners were found in various sample outputs, with a total content of 60,000ng TEQ/kg at 250°C under air atmosphere. A rapid increase of PBDD/Fs was produced with 160,000ng TEQ/kg, at 275°C-about twice that under the N(2) atmosphere. At 275°C, the total contents of PCDD/Fs were only 170 and 770ng TEQ/kg under an N(2) and air atmospheres respectively. The results reveal that a large contribution of PBDD/Fs emission may be expected from the dismantling or any other thermal processing of PCB scrap. PCDD/Fs, however, are formed and released into the environment in a variety of ways. Additional... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594735 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:10:05 +0100 5594735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594734&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan B, Liu Y, Xiao D, Wu F, Wu M, Zhang D, Xing B Abstract Ofloxacin (OFL) was used as a model antibiotic and the quenching of OFL fluorescence by DOM was examined with an emphasis on temperature-dependent quenching kinetics. OFL fluorescence intensity was corrected for inner filter and temperature effects. The kinetics data were fitted well using a two-compartment pseudo first-order kinetics model. Three quenching compartments were identified using this model, namely, a very fast quenching compartment (q(0)) and two pseudo first-order quenching compartments (q(1) + q(2)). The q(0) values had a positive relationship with temperature, while (q(1) + q(2)) were negatively related with temperature. In addition, OFL-DOM binding quantified by (q(1) + q(2)) was consistent w... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594734 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:09:43 +0100 5594734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594733&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen B, Yuan M Abstract The feasibility of using fresh plant residues and their extracts to stimulate the bio-dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were highlighted. Wood chip, bamboo leave, orange peel and their water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) were chosen as amendment materials. Effect of WEOM on bio-dissipation (bioaccumulation and biodegradation) of phenanthrene and pyrene from water by two bacteria were investigated. Orange peel extract demonstrated the highest efficiency for stimulating PAHs removal by bacterium B1 (Pseudomonas putida), while bamboo leave extract was the best one to enhance PAHs bio-dissipation by bacterium B2 (unidentified bacterium isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil). Amended the actual contaminated soil with 1% plant resi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594733 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:09:19 +0100 5594733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594732&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230087%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we compared the toxicokinetics of two chemically different xenobiotics, i.e. benzo[a]pyrene and fipronil in female green frogs. Surprisingly, the uptake rates and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) of the two contaminants were not predicted by their logK(ow). The uptake rates obtained were of the same order of magnitude for the two contaminants and the BCFs measured for fipronil were about 3-fold higher than those obtained for benzo[a]pyrene. Fipronil appeared to be more recalcitrant than benzo[a]pyrene to detoxification processes leading to the accumulation of sulfone-fipronil especially in the ovaries. This phenomenon may explain reproductive influence of this contaminant described in other studies. Detoxification processes, including metabolism and the excretion of polluta... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594732 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:08:57 +0100 5594732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594731&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song S, Wu Y, Jiang J, Yang L, Cheng Y, Hao J Abstract Size-resolved particulate matter in the three size ranges (0.2-0.5 μm, 0.5-1.0 μm, and 1.0-2.5 μm) were collected at a roadside site in Beijing during and after the 2008 Olympic Games. The concentrations of PM mass, 14 elements, 3 major inorganic ions, and carbonaceous species were determined. The main contributors to PM(2.5) were crustal sources, vehicle emissions, secondary aerosol formation along with coal combustion, biomass from burning, and industrial processes, with vehicle emissions contributing more to roadside PM(2.5) than in the urban areas. The peaks at 0.5-1.0 μm in summer for PM mass and inorganic ions were most likely due to secondary aerosol formation, whereas the peaks at 0.2-0.5 μm in winter... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594731 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:08:35 +0100 5594731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594730&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230089%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is one of the very few urban soil investigations in the USA. The chlordanes concentrations ranged from 0 to 7500 ng g(-1) dry weight (d.w.), with a mean and standard deviation of 130 ± 920 ng g(-1) d.w., which is about 1000 times larger than background levels. ΣPCB concentrations ranged from 3 to 1200 ng g(-1) d.w., with a mean and standard deviation of 56 ± 160 ng g(-1) d.w. and are about 10 times higher than world-wide background levels. Both groups exhibit considerable variability in chemical patterns and site-to-site concentrations. Although no measurements of dioxins were carried out, the potential toxicity due to the 12 dioxin-like PCBs found in the soil is in the same order of magnitude of the provisional threshold recommended by USEPA to perform soil... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594730 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:08:14 +0100 5594730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594729&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Misuri L, Lanciotti E, Sweetman A, Laschi S, Palchetti I Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in sewage sludge samples collected from eight Italian wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between June 2009 and March 2010. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 158.3 to 9427 ng g(-1) dw, while deca-BDE (BDE-209) (concentrations ranging from 130.6 to 9411 ng g(-1) dw) dominated the congener profile in all the samples, contributing between 77% and 99.8% of total PBDE. The suitability of using a magnetic particle enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to analyse PBDEs in sewage sludge was also tested. The ELISA results, expressed as BDE-47 equivalents, were well correlated with those obtained by GC-NCI-MS, with correlation coeff... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594729 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:07:30 +0100 5594729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594728&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22230091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang M, Bai Y, Chen W, Markert B, Peng C, Ouyang Z Abstract Ecological risks of heavy metals in urban soils were evaluated using Beijing, China as an example. Cadmium, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni contents of 233 surface soils sampled by 1 min latitude × 1 min longitude grid were used to identify their spatial distribution patterns and potential emission sources. Throughout the city, longer the duration of urbanization greater was the accumulations of heavy metals especially, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The soil Zn mainly came from the wears of vehicular tires. Point source emissions of heavy metals were few and far in the downwind south-east quadrant of Beijing. The calculated risk indices showed potential median eco-risks in the ancient central city. No potential high eco-risk due... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594728 Mon, 16 Jan 2012 12:07:00 +0100 5594728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594761&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226124%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meredith-Williams M, Carter LJ, Fussell R, Raffaelli D, Ashauer R, Boxall AB Abstract The uptake and depuration of a range of pharmaceuticals in the freshwater shrimp (Gammarus pulex) and the water boatman (Notonecta glauca) was studied. For one compound, studies were also done using the freshwater snail Planobarius corneus. In G. pulex, bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged from 4.6 to 185,900 and increased in the order moclobemide < 5-fluoruracil < carbamazepine < diazepam < carvedilol < fluoxetine. In N. glauca BCFs ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 and increased in the order 5-fluorouracil < carbamazepine < moclobemide < diazepam < fluoxetine < carvedilol. For P. corneus, the BCF for carvedilol was 57.3. The differences in de... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594761 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5594760&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu N, Xu YF, Xu S, Li J, Tao HC Abstract Great efforts have been made in China to retrofit and upgrade the existing municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for enhanced removal of organic substrates and in particular nutrients. However, the removal of trace recalcitrant or hazardous organic chemicals, e.g. steroid estrogens, one group of typical endocrine disrupting chemicals, has long been overlooked. The extensive investigations on estrogen removal rates in global and Chinese WWTPs and the estrogen biodegradation kinetics results in batch laboratory experiments are reviewed in this study. The effects of estrogen initial concentration and nitrifying activated sludge are highlighted. Challenges existing in current estrogen studies are pointed out, which are relevant ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5594760 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5594760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375711&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22015334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Artigas J, Arts G, Babut M, Caracciolo AB, Charles S, Chaumot A, Combourieu B, Dahllöf I, Despréaux D, Ferrari B, Friberg N, Garric J, Geffard O, Gourlay-Francé C, Hein M, Hjorth M, Krauss M, De Lange HJ, Lahr J, Lehtonen KK, Lettieri T, Liess M, Lofts S, Mayer P, Morin S, Paschke A, Svendsen C, Usseglio-Polatera P, van den Brink N, Vindimian E, Williams R Abstract New concerns about biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health triggered several new regulations increasing the need for sound ecotoxicological risk assessment. The PEER network aims to share its view on the research issues that this challenges. PEER scientists call for an improved biologically relevant exposure assessment. They promote comprehensive effect assessment at several biological levels. Biolo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375711 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:50:03 +0100 5375711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375710&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nicolardi V, Cai G, Parrotta L, Puglia M, Bianchi L, Bini L, Gaggi C Abstract Lichens are an excellent model to study the bioaccumulation of heavy metals but limited information is available on the molecular mechanisms occurring during bioaccumulation. We investigated the changes of the lichen proteome during exposure to constant concentrations of mercury. We found that most of changes involves proteins of the photosynthetic pathway, such as the chloroplastic photosystem I reaction center subunit II, the oxygen-evolving protein and the chloroplastic ATP synthase β-subunit. This suggests that photosynthesis is a target of the toxic effects of mercury. These findings are also supported by changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, and β-caroten... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375710 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:53 +0100 5375710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375709&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035919%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saini M, Taggart MA, Knopp D, Upreti S, Swarup D, Das A, Gupta PK, Niessner R, Prakash V, Mateo R, Cuthbert RJ Abstract Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has caused catastrophic vulture declines across the Indian sub-continent. Here, an indirect ELISA is used to detect and quantify diclofenac in 1251 liver samples from livestock carcasses collected across India between August 2007 and June 2008, one to two years after a ban on diclofenac manufacture and distribution for veterinary use was implemented. The ELISAs applicability was authenticated with independent data obtained using LC-ESI/MS. Of 1251 samples, 1150 (91.9%) were negative for diclofenac using both methods, and 60 (4.8%) were positive at 10-4348 and 10-4441 μg kg(-1) when analysed b... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375709 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:42 +0100 5375709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375708&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035920%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gismondi E, Rigaud T, Beisel JN, Cossu-Leguille C Abstract Microsporidia parasites are commonly found in amphipods, where they are often asymptomatic, vertically-transmitted and have several effects on host sexuality and behaviour. As amphipods are often used as models in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated the effect of microsporidian infections on energy reserves and defence capacities of Gammarus roeseli under cadmium stress. Only females were infected by two microsporidia parasites: Dictyocoela roeselum or Dictyocoela muelleri. In physiological conditions, microsporidia had no major effect on energy reserves and defence capacities of G. roeseli, while under cadmium exposure, energy reserves and antioxidant defence were weaker in infected females. Moreover, highe... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375708 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:32 +0100 5375708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375707&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035921%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun W, Huang Y Abstract China has implemented a soil testing and fertilizer recommendation (STFR) program to reduce the over-usage of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on cereal crops since the late 1990s. Using province scale datasets, we estimated an annual reduction rate of 2.5-5.1 kg N ha(-1) from 1998 to 2008 and improving grain yields, which were attributed to the balanced application of phosphate and potassium fertilization. Relative to the means for 1998-2000, the synthetic N fertilizer input and the corresponding N-induced N(2)O production in cereal crops were reduced by 22 ± 0.7 Tg N and 241 ± 4 Gg N(2)O-N in 2001-2008. Further investigation suggested that the N(2)O emission related to wheat and maize cultivation could be reduced by 32-43 Gg N(2)O-N ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375707 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:22 +0100 5375707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375706&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035922%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martini F, Fernández C, Tarazona JV, Pablos MV Abstract The exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) results in an alteration of immune function in mammals and fish, and the analysis of cytokine mRNA levels has been suggested for predicting the immunomodulatory potential of chemicals. To obtain evidence of the innate immune responses to B[a]P in Xenopus laevis, the present study monitored the mRNA expression of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in a laboratorial exposure. Tadpoles exposed to 8.36, 14.64, 89.06 and 309.47 μg/L of B[a]P,were used for detecting hsp70, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA induction. A dose-response increase in the expression of hsp70 and IL-1β mRNA was found. The results of this study confirmed the ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375706 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:12 +0100 5375706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375705&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035923%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Z, Li D, Qin H, Li Y Abstract As the eutrophication of lakes becomes an increasingly widespread phenomenon, cyanobacterial blooms are occurring in many countries. Although some research has been reported, there is currently no good method for bloom removal. We propose here a new two-step integrated approach to resolve this problem. The first step is the inactivation of the cyanobacteria via the addition of H(2)O(2). We found 60 mg/L was the lowest effective dose for a cyanobacterial concentration corresponding to 100 μg/L chlorophyll-a. The second step is the flocculation and sedimentation of the inactivated cyanobacteria. We found the addition of lake sediment clay (2 g/L) plus polymeric ferric sulfate (20 mg/L) effectively deposited them on the lake bottom. Sin... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375705 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:49:02 +0100 5375705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375704&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holmes LA, Turner A, Thompson RC Abstract Plastic production pellets collected from beaches of south west England contain variable concentrations of trace metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) that, in some cases, exceed concentrations reported for local estuarine sediments. The rates and mechanisms by which metals associate with virgin and beached polyethylene pellets were studied by adding a cocktail of 5 μg L(-1) of trace metals to 10 g L(-1) pellet suspensions in filtered seawater. Kinetic profiles were modelled using a pseudo-first-order equation and yielded response times of less than about 100 h and equilibrium partition coefficients of up to about 225 ml g(-1) that were consistently higher for beached pellets than virgin pellets. Adsorption isotherms confo... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375704 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:52 +0100 5375704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375703&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035925%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vlčková K, Hofman J Abstract The close relationship between soil organic matter and the bioavailability of POPs in soils suggests the possibility of using it for the extrapolation between different soils. The aim of this study was to prove that TOC content is not a single factor affecting the bioavailability of POPs and that TOC based extrapolation might be incorrect, especially when comparing natural and artificial soils. Three natural soils with increasing TOC and three artificial soils with TOC comparable to these natural soils were spiked with phenanthrene, pyrene, lindane, p,p'-DDT, and PCB 153 and studied after 0, 14, 28, and 56 days. At each sampling point, total soil concentration and bioaccumulation in earthworms Eisenia fetida were measured. The results showed ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375703 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:42 +0100 5375703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375702&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyssek R, Wieser G, Calfapietra C, de Vries W, Dizengremel P, Ernst D, Jolivet Y, Mikkelsen TN, Mohren GM, Le Thiec D, Tuovinen JP, Weatherall A, Paoletti E Abstract Forests in Europe face significant changes in climate, which in interaction with air quality changes, may significantly affect forest productivity, stand composition and carbon sequestration in both vegetation and soils. Identified knowledge gaps and research needs include: (i) interaction between changes in air quality (trace gas concentrations), climate and other site factors on forest ecosystem response, (ii) significance of biotic processes in system response, (iii) tools for mechanistic and diagnostic understanding and upscaling, and (iv) the need for unifying modelling and empirical research for synthe... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375702 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:32 +0100 5375702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375701&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vellinger C, Parant M, Rousselle P, Immel F, Wagner P, Usseglio-Polatera P Abstract Cadmium is largely documented on freshwater organisms while arsenic, especially arsenate, is rarely studied. The kinetic of the LC50s values for both metals was realized on Gammarus pulex. Physiological [i.e. metal concentration in body tissues, bioconcentration factor (BCF)] effects and behavioural responses (via pleopods beats) were investigated after 240-h exposure. Arsenate LC50 value was 100 fold higher than Cd-LC50 value after 240-h exposure, while concentrations in gammarids were similar for both metals at their respective LC50s. BCF decreased with increasing cadmium concentration while BCF remained stable with increasing arsenate concentration. Moreover, BCF was between 148 and 344 ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375701 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:21 +0100 5375701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375700&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Neufeld HS, Peoples SJ, Davison AW, Chappelka AH, Somers GL, Thomley JE, Booker FL Abstract Ozone-sensitive and -tolerant individuals of cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) were compared for their gas exchange characteristics and total non-structural carbohydrates at Purchase Knob, a high elevation site in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased with increased foliar stipple. Sensitive plants had lower photosynthetic rates for all leaves, except the very youngest and oldest when compared to tolerant plants. Stomatal conductance decreased with increasing leaf age, but no ozone-sensitivity differences were found. Lower leaves had less starch than upper ones, while leaves on sensitive plants had less than those on t... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375700 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:11 +0100 5375700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375699&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tabatchnick MD, Nogaro G, Hammerschmidt CR Abstract Litterfall is a major source of mercury (Hg) and toxic methylmercury (MeHg) to forest soils and influences exposures of wildlife in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, the origin of MeHg associated with tree foliage is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that leaf MeHg is influenced by root uptake and thereby related to MeHg levels in soils. Concentrations of MeHg and total Hg in deciduous and coniferous foliage were unrelated to those in soil at 30 urban and rural forested locations in southwest Ohio. In contrast, tree genera and trunk diameter were significant variables influencing Hg in leaves. The fraction of total Hg as MeHg averaged 0.4% and did not differ among tree genera. Given that uptake of atmos... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375699 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:48:01 +0100 5375699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375698&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035930%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, SCCPs were investigated in sewage sludge samples collected from 52 wastewater treatment plants in China. Concentrations of total SCCPs (ΣSCCPs) in sludge were in the range of 0.80-52.7 μg/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 10.7 μg/g dw. Most of SCCPs in the sludge samples showed a similar congener distribution patterns, and C(11) and Cl(7,8) were identified as the dominant carbon and chlorine congener groups. Significant linear relationships were found among different SCCP congener groups (r(2) ≥ 0.9). High concentrations of SCCPs in sewage sludge imply that SCCPs are widely present in China. PMID: 22035930 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375698 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:47:51 +0100 5375698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375697&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grantham TE, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Perrée I, Rieradevall M, Prat N Abstract The discharge of wastewater from sewage treatment plants is one of the most common forms of pollution to river ecosystems, yet the effects on aquatic invertebrate assemblages have not been investigated in a controlled experimental setting. Here, we use a mesocosm approach to evaluate community responses to exposure to different concentrations of treated wastewater effluents over a two week period. Multivariate analysis using Principal Response Curves indicated a clear, dose-effect response to the treatments, with significant changes in macroinvertebrate assemblages after one week when exposed to 30% effluent, and after two weeks in the 15% and 30% effluent treatments. Treatments were associated wi... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375697 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:47:40 +0100 5375697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375696&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035932%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the persistence of Triclosan (TCS), and its degradation product, Methyltriclosan (MeTCS), after land application of biosolids to an experimental agricultural plot under both till and no till. Surface soil samples (n = 40) were collected several times over a three years period and sieved to remove biosolids. Concentration of TCS in the soil gradually increased with maximum levels of 63.7 ± 14.1 ng g(-1) dry wt., far below the predicted maximum concentration of 307.5 ng g(-1) dry wt. TCS disappearance corresponded with MeTCS appearance, suggesting in situ formation. Our results suggest that soil incorporation and degradation processes are taking place simultaneously and that TCS background levels are achieved within two years. TCS half-life (t(0.5)) was d... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375696 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:47:29 +0100 5375696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375695&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035933%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664-7421 ng g(-1)) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3-21 ng g(-1)) in the surface sediments (0-10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0-4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the hig... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375695 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:47:18 +0100 5375695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375694&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035934%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rodríguez-Estival J, Barasona JA, Mateo R Abstract The effects of Pb pollution on cattle and sheep raised in an ancient mining area were studied through the use of blood Pb (PbB) levels and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity. Lead levels in livestock blood from the mining area (n=110) were significantly elevated when compared to the controls (n=79). In 91.4% of cattle (n=58) and 13.5% of sheep (n=52) sampled in the mining area, PbB levels corresponded to subclinical exposure (6-35μg/dl). Two young cattle (<2 years) from the mining area (n=5) had PbB levels indicative of clinical poisoning (>35μg/dl). Elevated PbB was also accompanied by δ-ALAD activity inhibition in blood, which confirms that measurable effects of Pb poisoning were taking place... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375694 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:47:07 +0100 5375694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375693&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hung WN, Lin TF, Chiu CH, Chiou CT Abstract The sorption of phenanthrene (PHN) to relatively pure soil humic acids (HAs) was investigated to assess the suitability of the soil HA as a surrogate sorbent for the soil organic matter (SOM). The HAs were prepared in both freeze-dried and air-dried forms. The two forms of HAs from the same source are similar in composition but the freeze-dried HAs exhibit a significantly higher initial surface area (SA) (3.86-4.59 m(2)/g); the SAs of air-dried HAs are below 0.1 m(2)/g. However, the SAs of freeze-dried HAs are not stable upon contact with water; the samples lose practically all the SA after 4 days of immersion in water. The PHN sorption to both forms of HAs is practically linear, whether a co-solute is present or not. The sorpt... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375693 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:57 +0100 5375693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375692&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pelfrêne A, Waterlot C, Mazzuca M, Nisse C, Cuny D, Richard A, Denys S, Heyman C, Roussel H, Bidar G, Douay F Abstract An investigation was undertaken to identify the most significant soil parameters that can be used to predict Cd, Pb, and Zn bioaccessibility in smelter-contaminated agricultural soils. A robust model was established from an extended database of soils by using: (i) a training set of 280 samples to select the main soil parameters, to define the best population to be taken into account for the model elaboration, and to construct multivariate regression models, and (ii) a test set of 110 samples to validate the ability of the regression models. Total carbonate, organic matter, sand, P(2)O(5), free Fe-Mn oxide, and pseudototal Al and trace element (TE) content... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375692 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:46 +0100 5375692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375691&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cline ET, Nguyen QT, Rollins L, Gawel JE Abstract To assess physiological impacts of biosolids on trees, metal contaminants and phytochelatins were measured in Douglas-fir stands amended with biosolids in 1982. A subsequent greenhouse study compared these same soils to soils amended with fresh wastewater treatment plant biosolids. Biosolids-amended field soils had significantly higher organic matter, lower pH, and elevated metals even after 25 years. In the field study, no beneficial growth effects were detected in biosolids-amended stands and in the greenhouse study both fresh and historic biosolids amendments resulted in lower seedling growth rates. Phytochelatins - bioindicators of intracellular metal stress - were elevated in foliage of biosolids-amended stands, and ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375691 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:36 +0100 5375691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375690&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035938%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amorim MJ, Pereira C, Menezes-Oliveira VB, Campos B, Soares AM, Loureiro S Abstract Chemicals are often found in the environment as complex mixtures. There has been a large effort in the last decade to assess the combined effect of chemicals, using the conceptual models of Concentration Addition and Independent Action, but also including synergistic, antagonistic, dose-level and dose-ratio dependent deviations from these models. In the present study, single and mixture toxicity of atrazine, dimethoate, lindane, zinc and cadmium were studied in Folsomia candida, assessing survival and reproduction. Different response patterns were observed for the different endpoints and synergistic patterns were observed when pesticides were present. Compared with the previously tested Enc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375690 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:26 +0100 5375690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375689&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035939%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bates LM, Hall BD Abstract Prairie wetlands may be important sites of mercury (Hg) methylation resulting in elevated methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in water, sediments and biota. Invertebrates are an important food resource and may act as an indicator of MeHg exposure to higher organisms. In 2007-2008, invertebrates were collected from wetland ponds in central Saskatchewan, categorized into functional feeding groups (FFGs) and analyzed for total Hg (THg) and MeHg. Methylmercury and THg concentrations in four FFGs ranged from 0.2-393.5 ng·g(-1) and 9.7-507.1 ng·g(-1), respectively. Methylmercury concentrations generally increased from gastropods with significantly lower average MeHg concentrations compared to other invertebrate taxa. Surrounding land use (agricultur... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375689 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:14 +0100 5375689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375688&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035940%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu X, Jiang S, Zhang P, Xu L Abstract Historical changes of anthropogenic Pb pollution were reconstructed based on Pb concentrations and isotope ratios in lake and peat sediment profiles from Ny-Ålesund of Arctic. The calculated excess Pb isotope ratios showed that Pb pollution largely came from west Europe and Russia. The peat profile clearly reflected the historical changes of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic Pb into Ny-Ålesund, and the result showed that anthropogenic Pb peaked at 1960s-1970s, and thereafter a significant recovery was observed by a rapid increase of (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios and a remarkable decrease in anthropogenic Pb contents. In contrast to the peat record, the longer lake record showed relatively high anthropogenic Pb contents and a persiste... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375688 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:46:04 +0100 5375688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375687&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035941%26dopt%3DAbstract This study presents the results of lead (Pb) concentrations from both highway runoff and contaminated soil along 32 and 23 highway sites, respectively. In general, the Pb concentration on topsoil (0-15 cm) along highways was much higher than the Pb concentration in subsurface soil (15-60 cm). The Pb deposited on soil appears to be anthropogenic and a strong correlation was found between the Pb concentration in surface soil and highway runoff in urban areas. The concentration of Pb measured during 1980s from highways runoff throughout the world was up to 11 times higher than the measured values in mid 1990s and 2000s. The current Pb deposited on soil near highways appears to be a mixture of paint, tire weight balance and old leaded gasoline combustion. Overall, the Pb phase-out regulation... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375687 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:45:53 +0100 5375687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375686&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035942%26dopt%3DAbstract This study used bisphenol A (BPA) as the primary adsorbate, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the competitor, and carbon nanotubes as model adsorbents to study their complementary and competitive adsorption. At low BPA concentrations, the sorption of SMX (Q(sec)) exceeded BPA sorption inhibition (ΔQ(pri)), indicating that these two chemicals complementarily adsorbed on their respectively preferred sorption sites. At high BPA concentrations, higher ΔQ(pri) was observed in comparison to Q(sec), which may be resulted from different packing efficiencies of the adsorbed SMX and BPA. This study emphasized that both competitive and complementary sorption should be discussed in binary sorption system. PMID: 22035942 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375686 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:45:42 +0100 5375686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375685&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035943%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the toxicological sensitivity of non-feeding larval stages of a key Antarctic species (Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba) to p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure. The aqueous uptake clearance rate of 84 mL g(-1) preserved weight (p.w.) h(-1) determined for p,p'-DDE in Antarctic krill larvae is comparable to previous findings for small cold water crustaceans and five times slower than the rates reported for an amphipod inhabiting warmer waters. Natural variations in larval physiology appear to influence contaminant uptake and larval krill behavioural responses, strongly highlighting the importance of time of measurement for ecotoxicological testing. Sublethal narcosis (immobility) was observed in larval Antarctic krill from p,p'-DDE body residue... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375685 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:45:30 +0100 5375685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5375684&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22035944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Wu FH, Liu TW, Chen L, Xiao Q, Dong XJ, He JX, Pei ZM, Zheng HL Abstract To assess the potential contribution of nitric oxide (NO) emission from the plants grown under the increasing nitrogen (N) deposition to atmospheric NO budget, the effects of simulated N deposition on NO emission and various leaf traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf N concentration, net photosynthetic rate, etc.) were investigated in 79 plant species classified by 13 plant functional groups. Simulated N deposition induced the significant increase of NO emission from most functional groups, especially from conifer, gymnosperm and C(3) herb. Moreover, the change rate of NO emission was significantly correlated with the change rate of various leaf traits. We conclude that the plants grown under... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5375684 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 21:45:19 +0100 5375684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5239395&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930015%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Vries W, Cellier P, Erisman JW, Sutton MA PMID: 21930015 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5239395 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 12:36:13 +0100 5239395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5239396&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21925780%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Law S, Turner A Abstract Thallium is a highly toxic metal whose environmental concentrations, distributions and behaviour are not well understood. In the present study we measure the concentrations of Tl in filtered and unfiltered samples of rain, tap, river, estuarine and waste waters collected from south west England. Dissolved Tl was lowest (<20 ng L(-1)) in tap water, rain water, treated sewage and landfill effluents, estuarine waters, and rivers draining catchments of sandstones and shales. Concentrations up to about 450 ng L(-1) were observed in rivers whose catchments are partly mineralized and where metal mining was historically important, and the highest concentration (∼1400 ng L(-1)) was measured in water abstracted directly from an abandoned mine. Com... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5239396 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5239396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5239397&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun L, Yan X, Liao X, Wen Y, Chong Z, Liang T Abstract The interactions of arsenic and phenanthrene on plant uptake and antioxidative response of Pteris vitatta L. were studied hydroponically. The combination of arsenic and phenanthrene decreased arsenic contents in fronds by 30-51%, whereas increased arsenic concentrations 1.2-1.6 times in roots, demonstrating the suppression of arsenic translocation compared to the corresponding treatment without phenanthrene. Under the co-exposure, As(III) concentrations in fronds deceased by 12-73%, and at higher arsenic exposure level (≥10 mg/L), As(V) in fronds and As(III) in roots increased compared to the single arsenic treatment. Arsenic exposure elevated phenanthrene concentrations in root by 39-164%. The co-existence of arse... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5239397 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5239397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224505&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoai PM, Sebesvari Z, Minh TB, Viet PH, Renaud FG Abstract Soils and agricultural products from the Red River basin in Northern Vietnam were reported to be contaminated by agrichemicals. To assess potential exposure of local farmers and consumers to these contaminants, pesticide use and management practices of local farmers were surveyed and residue concentrations were determined for recently used as well as for banned pesticides in water, soil, vegetables, and fish samples in two communes of Northern Vietnam. DDTs, HCHs, and Drin compounds still persist at relatively high concentrations in soil and occur in vegetable and fish samples. Recently used pesticides, such as fenobucarb, trichlorfon, cyfluthrin, and cypermethrin were detected in vegetable and fish samples. Thresh... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224505 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224504&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21920649%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the ability of the biodynamic model to predict the trophic bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in a freshwater bivalve. Zebra mussels were transplanted to three sites along the Seine River (France) and collected monthly for 11 months. Measurements of the metal body burdens in mussels were compared with the predictions from the biodynamic model. The exchangeable fraction of metal particles did not account for the bioavailability of particulate metals, since it did not capture the differences between sites. The assimilation efficiency (AE) parameter is necessary to take into account biotic factors influencing particulate metal bioavailability. The biodynamic model, applied with AEs from the literature, overestimated t... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224504 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224508&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alves ES, Moura BB, Pedroso AN, Tresmondi F, Domingos M Abstract We aimed to verify whether hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) accumulation and cell death are detected early in three bioindicators of ozone (O(3)), Nicotiana tabacum 'Bel-W3', Ipomoea nil 'Scarlet O'Hara' and Psidium guajava 'Paluma', and whether environmental factors also affect those microscopic markers. The three species were exposed to chronic levels of O(3) in a subtropical area and a histo-cytochemical technique that combines 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) with Evans blue staining was used in the assessments. The three species accumulated H(2)O(2), but a positive correlation with O(3) concentration was only observed in N. tabacum. A positive correlation between O(3) and cellular death was also observed in N. ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224508 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224507&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917366%26dopt%3DAbstract This report illustrates a genetic impact of γ-Fe(2)O(3) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli). After 3000-generation incubation with MNPs addition, obvious genomic variations were revealed by using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprint technique. The physicochemical interactions between MNPs and bacteria could be responsible for such genomic responses. It was revealed that Fe(3+) concentration increased in the medium. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis consistently demonstrated the occurrences of adsorption and membranes-internalization of MNPs outside and inside cells. Both increased Fe(3+) ion and the uptake of MNPs facilitated Fe binding with proteins and DNA strands, resulting in enhancing the mut... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224507 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224506&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21917367%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of commercially available engineered iron oxide nanoparticles coated with a surfactant (ENP(Fe-surf)) on effluent water quality from a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor as a model secondary biological wastewater treatment. Results showed that ∼8.7% of ENP(Fe-surf) applied were present in the effluent stream. The stable presence of ENP(Fe-surf) was confirmed by analyzing the mean particle diameter and iron concentration in the effluent. Consequently, aqueous ENP(Fe-surf) deteriorated the effluent water quality at a statistically significant level (p < 0.05) with respect to soluble chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and apparent color. This implied that ENP(Fe-surf) would be introduced into environmental receptors through the treated ef... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224506 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5224509&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911273%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin Y, Xie SD Abstract Multi-year inventories of carbonaceous aerosol emissions from biomass open burning at a high spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° have been constructed in China using GIS methodology for the period 1990-2005. Black carbon (BC) emissions have increased by 383.03% at an annual average rate of 25.54% from 14.05 Gg in 1990 to 67.87 Gg in 2005; while organic carbon (OC) emissions have increased by 365.43% from 57.37 Gg in 1990 to 267.00 Gg in 2005. Through the estimation period, OC/BC ratio for biomass burning was averagely 4.09, suggesting that it was not the preferred control source from a climatic perspective. Spatial distribution of BC and OC emissions were similar, mainly concentrated in three northeastern provinces, central provinces of Shando... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5224509 Sat, 10 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5224509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215067&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903311%26dopt%3DAbstract This study extends the area of concern for terrestrial habitats near contaminated rivers for more than 100 km downstream from a waterborne Hg point source. PMID: 21903311 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215067 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215068&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nomiyama K, Eguchi A, Mizukawa H, Ochiai M, Murata S, Someya M, Isobe T, Yamada TK, Tanabe S Abstract We determined the residue levels and patterns of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), and related compounds, such as PBDEs, methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), and bromophenols (BPhs) in the blood of eleven cetacean species stranded along the Japanese coasts. The dominant OH- and MeO-PBDE isomers found in all cetaceans were 6OH-BDE47 and 6MeO-BDE47. Additionally, 2,4,6-triBPh was dominant isomer in all cetaceans. In contrast, specific differences in the distribution of para- and meta- OH-PBDE isomers and some BPhs (potential PBDEs metabolites) were found among the cetaceans. Residue levels of ΣMeO-PBDEs and 6OH-BDE47 + 2'OH-BDE68, and 2,4,6-triBPh and 6OH... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215068 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215066&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903312%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the threshold for induction of estrogenic effects in juvenile brown trout at short term pulse exposure appears to be in the range 150-200 ng E2 L(-1). PMID: 21903312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215066 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215065&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hartley W, Riby P, Dickinson NM, Shutes B, Sparke S, Scholz M Abstract There is currently a requirement for studies focusing on the long-term sustainability of phytoremediation technologies. Trace element uptake by Salix, Populus and Alnus species planted in dredged contaminated canal sediment and concentrations in sediment and pore waters were investigated, eight years after a phytoremediation trial was initiated in NW England. Soil biological activity was also measured using invertebrate and microbial assays to determine soil quality improvements. Zinc was the dominant trace metal in foliage and woody stems, and the most mobile trace element in sediment pore water (∼14 mg l(-1)). Biological activity had improved; earthworm numbers had increased from 5 to 24, and the ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215065 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215064&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mora MA, Baxter C, Sericano JL, Montoya AB, Gallardo JC, Rodríguez-Salazar JR Abstract Eggs from aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) nesting in Chihuahua and Veracruz, Mexico, were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and PBDEs. p,p'-DDE was the only organochlorine found in all eggs at concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 7.85 μg/g wet weight. PCBs ranged from 0.04 to 2.80 μg/g wet weight and PBDEs from 62 to 798 ng/g lipid weight. DDE concentrations in eggs were not significantly different among regions; however, PCBs were significantly greater (P = 0.015) in Tinaja Verde, Chihuahua than in the other three regions. Also, PBDEs were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in eggs from Veracruz than in those from Chihuahua. DDE concentrations i... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215064 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215063&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21903315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun GX, Wang XJ, Hu QH Abstract Lead isotopes and heavy metal concentrations were measured in two sediment cores sampled in estuaries of Xiangjiang and Lishui Rivers in Hunan province, China. The presence of anthropogenic contribution was observed in both sediments, especially in Xiangjiang sediment. In the Xiangjiang sediment, the lower (206)Pb/(207)Pb and higher (208)Pb/(206)Pb ratio, than natural Pb isotope signature (1.198 and 2.075 for (206)Pb/(207)Pb and (208)Pb/(206)Pb, respectively), indicated a significant input of non-indigenous Pb with low (206)Pb/(207)Pb and high (208)Pb/(206)Pb. The corresponding concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Zn, Mn and Pb) were much higher than natural values, suggesting the contaminations of heavy metals from extensive ore-mining a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215063 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215071&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21899935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu Y, Yuan T, Wang W, Kannan K Abstract We investigated the concentrations and profiles of 15 siloxanes (four cyclic siloxanes, D(4)-D(7); 11 linear siloxanes, L(4)-L(14)), four synthetic musks (two polycyclic musks, HHCB and AHTN; two nitro musks, MX and MK), and HHCB-lactone, in 158 personal care products marketed in China. Siloxanes were detected in 88% of the samples analyzed, at concentrations as high as 52.6 mg g(-1); Linear siloxanes were the predominant compounds. Among synthetic musks, more than 80% of the samples contained at least one of these compounds, and their total concentrations were as high as 1.02 mg g(-1). HHCB was the predominant musk in all of the samples analyzed, on average, accounting for 52% of the total musk concentrations. Based on the media... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215071 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215070&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21899936%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Labadie P, Chevreuil M Abstract The biogeochemical dynamics of 15 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were investigated in a heavily urbanised river (River Seine, Paris, France). The target compounds included C4-C10 sulfonates and C5-C14 acids; eleven PFCs were detected and ∑PFCs ranged between 31 and 91 ng L(-1) (median: 47 ng L(-1)). The molecular pattern was dominated by the perfluoroalkyl sulfonates PFHxS and PFOS (>54% of ∑PFCs), which were the only PFCs quantified in both the dissolved and particulate phases. For these PFCs, the sorbed fraction positively correlated with suspended sediment levels. Total PFC levels negatively correlated with river flow rate, which varied between 150 and 640 m(3) s(-1). This suggests the predominance of point sources (likely W... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215070 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215069&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21899937%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quintana R, Serrano J, Gómez V, de Foy B, Miranda J, Garcia-Cuellar C, Vega E, Vázquez-López I, Molina LT, Manzano-León N, Rosas I, Osornio-Vargas AR Abstract As part of a field campaign that studied the impact of Mexico City pollution plume at the local, sub-regional and regional levels, we studied transport-related changes in PM(10) composition, oxidative potential and in vitro toxicological patterns (hemolysis, DNA degradation). We collected PM(10) in Mexico City (T(0)) and at a suburban-receptor site (T(1)), pooled according to two observed ventilation patterns (T(0) → T(1) influence and non-influence). T(0) samples contained more Cu, Zn, and carbon whereas; T(1) samples contained more of Al, Si, P, S, and K (p < 0.05). Only SO(4)(-2) increased in T(1) du... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215069 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215072&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mathews S, Rathinasabapathi B, Ma LQ Abstract AsIII uptake in living cells is through aquaglyceroporin transporters, but it is unknown in arsenic-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. We investigated the effects of AsIII analogs glycerol and antimonite (SbIII) at 0-100 mM and aquaporin inhibitor AgNO(3) at 0-0.1 mM on the uptake of 0.1 mM AsIII or AsV by P. vittata over 1-2 h. Glycerol or SbIII didn't impact AsIII or AsV uptake by P. vittata (p < 0.05), with As concentrations in the fronds and roots being 4.4-6.3 and 3.9-6.2 mg/kg. However, 0.01 mM AgNO(3) reduced As concentrations in the fronds and roots by 64% and 58%. Hence, AsIII uptake in P. vittata might be via an aquaporin transporter different from glycerol and SbIII transporters. Further as AsIII analogs ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215072 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215075&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890251%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined root hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) responses of one-year-old seedlings of four conifers to the combined effects of elevated CO(2) and inorganic nitrogen (N) sources. We found marked interspecific differences in L(p) responses to high CO(2) ranging from a 37% increase in P. abies to a 27% decrease in P. menziesii, but these effects depended on N source. The results indicate that CO(2) effects on root water transport may be coupled to leaf area responses under nitrate (NO(3)(-)), but not ammonium (NH(4)(+)) dominated soils. To our knowledge, this is the first study that highlights the role of inorganic N source and species identity as critical factors that determine plant hydraulic responses to rising atmospheric CO(2) levels. The results have important implications for underst... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215075 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215074&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gottschalk F, Ort C, Scholz RW, Nowack B Abstract Probabilistic material flow analysis and graph theory were combined to calculate predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in Swiss rivers: 543 river sections were used to assess the geographical variability of nano-TiO(2), nano-ZnO and nano-Ag, and flow measurements over a 20-year period at 21 locations served to evaluate temporal variation. A conservative scenario assuming no ENM removal and an optimistic scenario covering complete ENM transformation/deposition were considered. ENM concentrations varied by a factor 5 due to uncertain ENM emissions (15%-85% quantiles of ENM emissions) and up to a factor of 10 due to temporal river flow variations (15%-85% quantiles of flow). The resul... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215074 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215073&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890253%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang M, Pan G, Zhao D, He G Abstract It has been shown that starch can effectively stabilize nanoscale magnetite particles, and starch-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles (SMNP) are promising for in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. However, a molecular level understanding has been lacking. Here, we carried out XAFS studies to bridge this knowledge gap. Fe K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that the Fe-O and Fe-Fe coordination numbers of SMNP were lower than those for bare magnetite particles, and these coordination numbers decreased with increasing starch concentration. The decrease in the average coordination number at elevated stabilizer concentration was attributed to the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. Arsenic K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that adsor... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215073 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215077&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889244%26dopt%3DAbstract This report demonstrates that organic matter was an important factor in lake sediment (210)Pb(ex) dating. Sediment cores from lakes in central and western China with different-trophic levels were collected, and the (210)Pb(ex) activity and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis technique was used to deconvolute TOC into free hydrocarbons (S1), thermally less-stable macromolecular organic matter (S2a), kerogen (S2b), and residual carbon (RC). The results show significant correlations between TOC and (210)Pb(ex), particularly between S2a and (210)Pb(ex), in all the sediment cores. This indicated that the algal-derived organic component S2a may play the most important role in controlling the distribution of (210)Pb(ex). Scavenging by algal-derived organic matter may... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215077 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215076&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21889245%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tipping E, Wadsworth RA, Norris DA, Hall JR, Ilyin I Abstract A model assuming first-order losses by evasion and leaching was used to evaluate Hg dynamics in UK soils since 1850. Temporal deposition patterns of Hg were constructed from literature information. Inverse modelling indicated that 30% of 898 rural sites receive Hg only from the global circulation, while in 51% of cases local deposition exceeds global. Average estimated deposition is 16 μg Hg m(-2) a(-1) to rural soils, 19 μg Hg m(-2) a(-1) to rural and non-rural soils combined. UK soils currently hold 2490 tonnes of reactive Hg, of which 2140 tonnes are due to anthropogenic deposition, mostly local in origin. Topsoil currently releases 5.1 tonnes of Hg(0) per annum to the atmosphere, about 50% more ... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215076 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185693&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21885173%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Durrant CJ, Stevens JR, Hogstrand C, Bury NR Abstract The River Hayle in south-west England is impacted with metals and can be divided into three regions depending on the copper and zinc concentrations: a low-metal upper section; a highly-contaminated middle section and a moderately contaminated lower section. Hayle river water is toxic to metal-naive brown trout, but brown trout are found in the upper and lower regions. The study aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure of River Hayle brown trout and to determine if the highly-contaminated section acts as a chemical barrier to migration. Population genetic analysis indicated that metals were not a barrier to gene flow within the river, but there was a high level of differentiation observed between fish sampled a... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185693 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185696&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flores-Cervantes DX, Bucheli TD Abstract We tested the resistance of five different fullerenes (C(60), C(70), C(76/78) mix, and C(84)) to chemothermal oxidation at 375 °C (CTO-375), a method that has been used and tested for quantifying black carbon (BC) and CNTs in soils and sediments. C(60) survived CTO-375 the most (50%), while C(70) was the fullerene with the lowest survival rate (<1%). Standard additions of C(60) to soil and sediment reference materials yielded recoveries between 18 and 36%. Although lower than recoveries previously observed for soot and CNTs, these results demonstrate the capability of CTO-375 to partially isolate C(60) from solid environmental matrices. Standard additions of C(70), C(76/78), and C(84) yielded slightly higher survival rates when... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185696 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185695&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872975%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Friedrich U, von Oheimb G, Dziedek C, Kriebitzsch WU, Selbmann K, Härdtle W Abstract We analysed growth strategies (biomass allocation, nutrient sequestration and allocation) of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) seedlings in monocultures and mixtures in relation to N, P, and N + P fertilisation in a greenhouse experiment in order to simulate a heath's pioneer phase under high airborne nitrogen (N) loads. N fertilisation increased the total biomass of both species in monocultures. In mixtures, M. caerulea sequestered about 65% of the N applied, while C. vulgaris suffered from N shortage (halving of the total biomass). Thus, in mixtures only M.caerulea will benefit from airborne N loads, and competition will become increasingly asymmetr... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185695 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185694&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872976%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Towell MG, Paton GI, Semple KT Abstract The effect of cable oil concentration, nutrient amendment and bioaugmentation on cable oil component biodegradation in a pristine agricultural soil was investigated. Biodegradation potential was evaluated over 21 d by measuring cumulative CO(2) respiration on a Micro-Oxymax respirometer and (14)C-phenyldodecane mineralisation using a (14)C-respirometric assay. Cable oil concentration had a significant effect upon oil biodegradation. Microbial respiratory activity increased with increasing cable oil concentration, whereas (14)C-phenydodecane mineralisation decreased. Bioaugmentation achieved the best cable oil biodegradation performance, resulting in increases in cumulative CO(2) respiration, and maximum rates and extents of (14)C-phe... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185694 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185697&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872375%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reports concentrations of PBDEs in surface soil samples collected along a 140km transect across Kuwait to assess the role of urban centers as sources of persistent organic pollutants to the surrounding environment. The ΣPBDE concentrations varied by a factor of ∼250 and ranged from 289 to 80,078pgg(-1)d.w. The concentrations of PBDEs in Kuwait City were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those collected from sites outside the city supporting the hypothesis that urban centers are sources of PBDEs. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE-209, accounting for 93% of the PBDEs in the soil samples. The concentrations of all congeners (except BDE-209) were highly correlated with percent organic carbon (%OC) (p>0.05) when the data from Kuwait City was omitted from the analy... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185697 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185700&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871699%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that to reduce Pb contamination, Shanghai might have to change its energy composition to clean energy. PMID: 21871699 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Environmental Pollution) Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185700 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185699&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: An T, Zhang D, Li G, Mai B, Fu J Abstract Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m(3) and 27-2975 ng/m(3) at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residentia... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185699 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5185698&cid=s_35534_55_f&fid=35534&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan X, Tang J, Chen Y, Li J, Zhang G Abstract PCN congeners were analyzed in marine and riverine sediments of the Laizhou Bay area, North China. Concentrations of PCNs ranged from 0.12 to 5.1 ng g(-)(1) dry weight (dw) with a mean value of 1.1 ng g(-)(1) dw. The levels of PCNs varied largely, with industrial group approximately ten folds higher than those of the rural in riverine sediment. A strong impact by direct discharge from local factories was suggested. Similar compositional profiles were found within groups. High resemblance of compositional profiles between industrial samples and Halowax 1014 was observed. It was indicated that PCNs in riverine sediments were mainly from release of industrial usage, with additional contributions from industrial thermal proc... Environmental Pollution journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5185698 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5185698