MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Epilepsy Research' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 20:43:06 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650133&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121112000228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650133 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5650133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650154&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002233%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that infrequently has been reported to cause seizures and myoclonus despite a small proconvulsant risk. This is the first report of generalized myoclonus induced in a patient who had been maintained on low dose olanzapine for over seven years without any change in her dose. Olanzapine was discontinued, and the myoclonic jerks completely resolved within 48h. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650154 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5650154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650136&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001707%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In many patients ambulatory EEGs remain abnormal even after seizure-free for 3–5 years; and many factors influenced the characteristics of the EEGs. The findings can assist in establishment of therapeutic principles. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650136 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5650136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650161&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003081%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We performed a retrospective chart review of the last consecutive 40 patients admitted in our Epilepsy Unit for presurgical evaluation to find out if they met criteria for drug resistant epilepsy according to the recently published consensus definition. 276 drug trials had been performed in the 40 patients. In total, 196 trials were considered “uninformative” versus 80 informative and adequate trials. Finally, a firm diagnosis of drug resistant epilepsy could be made only in 13/40 patients (32.5%, 90% confidence interval for proportion 21.7–45.5%), due to insufficient information regarding previous drug trials. The definition should be spread among general neurologists for earlier and more complete referrals. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650161 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5650161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506829&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111004013%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506829 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 13:53:58 +0100 5506829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459603&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002166%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present here a critical review of these findings, in optical imaging, SPECT and fMRI, followed by a discussion based on data from intracerebral EEG. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459603 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459598&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003809%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459598 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506839&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003068%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: We previously demonstrated that converting patients from the enzyme-inducers phenytoin or carbamazepine to the non-inducers levetiracetam or lamotrigine reduces serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP). We sought to determine if the same changes would occur when patients were switched to topiramate, which has shown some evidence of enzyme induction at high doses. We also examined the effects of drug switch on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration.Methods: We converted 13 patients from phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy to topiramate monotherapy (most at doses of 100–150mg/day). Fasting lipids, including LDL particle concentration, and CRP were obtained before and ≥6 weeks after the switch. A group of normal subjects had the same serial serologic me... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506839 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506830&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003160%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is typically associated with long-term memory dysfunction. The frontal lobes support high-level cognition comprising executive skills and working memory that is vital for daily life functioning. Deficits in these functions have been increasingly reported in TLE. Evidence from both the neuropsychological and neuroimaging literature suggests both executive function and working memory are compromised in the presence of TLE. In relation to executive impairment, particular focus has been paid to set shifting as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Other discrete executive functions such as decision-making and theory of mind also appear vulnerable but have received little attention. With regard to working memory, the medial temporal lobe structures a... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506830 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459612&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003251%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The concept of a preictal state is based on the belief that it may be possible to predict seizures before they occur. The preictal state is viewed as a time period when a seizure is practically inevitable, or at least a period of greatly increased seizure probability. Changes in seizure frequency may provide insight into how seizure probability increases after brain injury. Here, time-dependent changes in the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures after brain injury are summarized from published, nearly continuous, electrographic (EEG) recordings of kainate-treated rats and neonatal rats subjected to hypoxia-ischemia. For these animal models, seizure frequency – and thus seizure probability – was a sigmoid function of time after the brain injury. This observation differs ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459612 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459600&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003238%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Seizure prediction is currently largely investigated by means of EEG analyses. We here report on evidence available on the ability of epilepsy patients themselves to predict seizures either by means of subjective experiences (“prodromes”), apparent awareness of precipitants, or a feeling of impending seizure (self-prediction). These data have been collected prospectively by paper or electronic diaries. Whereas evidence for a predictive value of prodromes is missing, some patients nevertheless can forsee impending seizures above chance level. Relevant cues and practical implications are discussed. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459600 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459599&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003354%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the late 1990s there was an explosion of enthusiastic interest in the concept of seizure prediction based on the detection of “warning signals” in EEG minutes or longer prior to seizure onset. Frustratingly, it has not yet proven possible to identify a predictive marker of seizure onset which has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be useful for people with epilepsy. Nonetheless, the substantial interest sparked in this area has highlighted that there may be a range of phenomena associated with the period of time prior to seizure onset at an above-chance level. If or when robust preictal states are found not only will they be useful for seizure prediction, but also in building and understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the transition between normal interictal brain act... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459599 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459608&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003111%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: One of the most terrifying aspects of epilepsy is the sudden and apparently unpredictable transition of the brain into the pathological state of an epileptic seizure. The pathophysiology of the transition to seizure still remains mysterious. Herein we review some of the key concepts and relevant literatures dealing with this enigmatic transitioning of brain states. At the “MACRO” level, electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings at time display preictal phenomena followed by pathological high-frequency oscillations at the seizure onset. Numerous seizure prediction algorithms predicated on identifying changes prior to seizure onset have met with little success, underscoring our lack of understanding of the dynamics of transition to seizure, amongst other inherent limitation. We t... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459608 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506836&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002403%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder throughout the world which is characterized by recurrent unprovoked epileptic seizures. A need exists for the development of new antiseizure drugs with improved efficacy and tolerability, as several of the currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been associated with severe side effects. A ligand based pharmacophore approach has been generated for 44 new antiepileptic compounds with emphasis on the development of new drugs by using LigandScout software and distance estimation using Jmol. The pharmacophore of the compounds contained three features hydrophobic unit, hydrogen bonding domain and electron donor. The pharmacophore models derived were then filtered using the Lipinski's rule of five criteria and orally bio-available co... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506836 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5506836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459606&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003305%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) offers a highly reproducible model to investigate whether changes in neuronal activity preceding the transition to an epileptic photoparoxysmal response (PPR) may be detected. We investigated this possibility in patients with idiopathic PSE using MEG, as well as normal controls and non-photosensitive epileptic patients of the same age group. Spectral analysis of the MEG signals recorded during intermittent light stimulation revealed relevant information in the phase spectrum. To quantify this effect, we introduced a second order response feature of the stimulus-triggered visual response preceding the PPR: the phase clustering index, which measures how close the phases of successive periods are grouped for each frequency component for all periods of th... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459606 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5459606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650153&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003123%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: DEVA acts in rats as a prodrug of VPA yet shows a more potent anticonvulsant activity than VPA. DEVAMIDE acted as the drug on its own and was more potent than DEVA at the rat-MES test. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650153 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5650153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650135&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003135%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Systems biology (SB), a recent trend in bioscience research to consider the complex interactions in biological systems from a holistic perspective, sees the disease as a disturbed network of interactions, rather than alteration of single molecular component(s). SB-relying network pharmacology replaces the prevailing focus on specific drug–receptor interaction and the corollary of rational drug design of “magic bullets”, by the search for multi-target drugs that would act on biological networks as “magic shotguns”. Epilepsy being a multi-factorial, polygenic and dynamic pathology, SB approach appears particularly fit and promising for antiepileptic drug (AED) discovery. In fact, long before the advent of SB, AED discovery already involved some SB-like elements.A reported ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650135 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506832&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002361%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Seizures induced by the convulsant methionine sulfoximine (MSO) resemble human “grand mal” epilepsy, and brain glutamine synthetase is inhibited. We recently selected two inbred lines of mice: sensitive to MSO (MSO-Fast) and resistant (MSO-Slow). In the present study, the selection pressure was increased and consanguinity established. To gain insight into the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, we studied the behaviour of MSO-Fast and MSO-Slow mice based on their responses to various convulsants and anticonvulsants, and also the kinetics of glutamine synthetase. The results show that increasing the number of generations of sib-crossings resulted in an increase in the differences between MSO-Fast and MSO-Slow mice. The dose–response curve of MSO-dependent seizures demonstrated tha... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506832 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459605&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003263%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The transition between the interictal and ictal states may be characterised in terms of the dynamics of a complex system. Seizures may emerge because of a change in system parameters, but these parameters may be invisible to passive observation. Therefore, a number of investigators have developed methods to probe the system using stimulation; these probing stimuli may reveal important hidden parameters. Here we describe studies from two sets of investigators working independently, which have shown that motor responses to transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) differ between the interictal state remote from any seizure, and a period of hours immediately prior to a seizure. We place these studies in the context of the known physiology of motor responses to TMS and discuss how... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459605 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459604&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100324X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Autonomic measures frequently alter with seizure activity and with brain state and so theoretically, there could be pre-ictal changes in autonomic function. However, there are considerable confounders. First, the measurement of autonomic function is not straightforward; heart rate and measures derived form heart rate have been those that have used the most in assessing changes in autonomic function. Second, autonomic function can vary considerably over the 24h cycle and can change suddenly depending on internal and external stimuli (e.g. fear, pain) and so any measures of changes in autonomic function will lose specificity. Third, changes in autonomic function in response to seizures, depends upon the individual, seizure type and spread of the seizure and even then can vary from s... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459604 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459601&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003275%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: An index observation where a dog was trained to alert to, as well as respond to, human tonic–clonic seizures led to further research and refinement of training techniques. This was followed by anecdotal reports of pet dogs spontaneously anticipating human epileptic seizures. An industry has since developed training Seizure-Alert Dogs (SADs) to give humans warnings of their seizures. In some cases this has been accompanied by a reduction in seizure frequency. SADs may be trained along with the person with epilepsy, responding specifically to that person's seizures, or may be trained separately. Recent sceptical reports of non-epileptic seizures in some people with SADs have cast doubt on dogs’ ability to anticipate true epileptic seizures. This may reflect selection criteria fo... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459601 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650160&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003020%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Lafora disease (LD) is a type of autosomal recessive, progressive myoclonus epilepsy resulting mostly from mutations in the EPM2A and NHLRC1 genes. Mutational analysis in both genes was initiated with the aim of establishing LD DNA diagnosis in Turkey. Four novel NHLRC1 (p.G131X, p.P69S and p.D82H) and EPM2A (p.V7A) and two recurrent NHLRC1 (p.D146N) and EPM2A (p.R241X) mutations were identified in six families. The delineation of causative mutations in patients provided early disease diagnosis for other family members and contributed to the knowledge of LD pathogenesis. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650160 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401710&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001999%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report on a child operated twice for drug-resistant focal seizures symptomatic of a right temporal lobe lesion. Histological examination of the first, incomplete lesionectomy revealed tumor-associated FCD Type IIIb. The child was not seizure-free, and surface as well as intracerebral recordings were obtained during a second presurgical assessment. Histopathological examination of the second operation revealed a ganglioglioma. Intralesional EEG recordings from the ganglioglioma documented rhythmic bursts of fast activity suggesting that the high epileptogenicity of gangliogliomas is related to intrinsic epileptogenic activity. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401710 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401693&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001987%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: DTIT is a noninvasive imaging strategy that can be used effectively in planning resection of epileptogenic lesions at or close to eloquent cortical areas. DTIT helps in predicting postoperative neurological outcome and thereby assists in surgical decision making and in preoperative counseling of patients with extratemporal focal epilepsies. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401693 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401686&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003494%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401686 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650156&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002683%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the role of underlying pathology on memory function of children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Memory was assessed in 44 children with TLE resulting from hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNT), and 22 control children. Delayed story and paired associate recall performance was significantly more impaired in children with HS compared to those with DNT, irrespective of the affected side. Semantic memory was impaired in both HS groups, and also in the left DNT group. These results suggest a role for type, and to a lesser extent, side of pathology in the memory profile of children with TLE. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650156 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650159&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100283X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: Lamotrigine (LTG) is an anti epileptic medication (AEM) for which blood levels are helpful for optimal dosing. In late 2010, patients attending an epilepsy clinic were becoming toxic without obvious cause. This paper reports altered levels without change in regimen and provides unexpected findings.Methods: Patients with elevated LTG blood levels were assessed to determine change in AEM regimen or generic substitution. Method of blood level determination was reviewed and the company (GlaxoSmithKline) contacted regarding change in source of medication.Principal results: The sample comprised 18 patients; mean age 40±16years, mean daily LTG dose 493±218mg. Mean serum LTG concentrations from August 2010 to February 2011 [91.8±17.7μmolL−1, range 69.9–133.7μmolL−1] we... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650159 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650146&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002737%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our results indicated that siblings with epilepsy tend to respond to the same AED monotherapy or AED combination. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650146 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650162&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003093%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Phenytoin is most commonly prescribed drug for management of epilepsy, particularly in developing countries. Phenytoin therapy is known to cause toxic central nervous system reactions, due to its peculiar non-linear pharmacokinetic property in clinical background of alcoholism, consumption of concomitant drugs which can cause drug interactions and elderly individuals (). In this submission, we described a young male suffering from primary generalized epilepsy who presented as acute vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome due to phenytoin toxicity induced by Mandrax (methaqualone). (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650162 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650157&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002749%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The outcomes of adult epilepsy patients prescribed lacosamide for additional seizure control. Responders were defined as having at least a 50% decrease in seizure frequency Sixty-seven patients were evaluated. Forty-six out of 67 patients (69%) were responders. Twelve of 14 patients not taking sodium channel-acting AEDs were responders (86%) and 34/53 patients taking sodium channel-acting AEDs were responders (64%) (difference not significant). (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650157 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650151&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002828%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We analysed the association between focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) visible in MRI and the location of equivalent current dipole (ECD) of single interictal scalp EEG spikes (IIS) in 11 epilepsy patients. We calculated several indicators of distance of ECDs to the FCD border. The results confirm some previous studies suggesting that the epileptogenic zone associated to the location of ECDs extends beyond the FCD visible in MRI. The analysis suggests the ECDs to be in a shell parallel to part of the FCD surface. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650151 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650145&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002750%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Cortical excitability measures are repeatable over time in both patients with epilepsy and healthy controls. Increased motor cortex excitability is a stable feature in epilepsy without significant inter-session variability. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650145 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650143&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002713%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: To evaluate the clinical utility of dense array electroencephalography (dEEG) for the detection yield and localization of interictal spikes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods: We simultaneously recorded 256-channel dEEG and intracranial electroencephalography (icEEG) implanted over the lateral and mesial temporal lobe in patients with intractable epilepsy. We calculated the dEEG spike detection rate for mesial temporal spikes which were confirmed by icEEG and applied source estimation to dEEG to compare noninvasive localization to the invasive recordings.Results: 339 of 760 interictal spikes (45%) were detected by dEEG examining the 256-channel head surface array. The average icEEG amplitude of dEEG detectable spikes was 1083μV, and that of dEEG undetectable spikes... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650143 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650134&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100307X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: To identify consistent results of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in unilateral refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods: Whole-brain VBM studies comparing refractory TLE patients with healthy controls (HC) were systematically searched in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Medline databases from January 1990 to May 2011. Coordinates were extracted from clusters with significant difference in gray matter volume (GMV) between refractory TLE patients and HC. Meta-analysis was performed using activation likelihood estimation (ALE).Key findings: A total of 6 studies, comprising 180 refractory left TLE (LTLE) patients, 142 refractory right TLE (RTLE) patients, and 283 HC, were enrolled. The included studies reported GMV reduction at 93 coordinates in refractor... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650134 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459609&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111003056%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Pathological high-frequency electrographic activity (pHFA, >80Hz) represents one of the major discoveries in epilepsy research over the past few decades. In this review we focus on the high-frequency activity recorded in vivo in chronic models of epilepsy. The presence of HFA particularly of fast ripples (250–600Hz)reflects epileptogenic reorganization of brain tissue, endogenous epileptogenicity and ability to generate spontaneous seizures. The spatial distribution of epileptic HFA can be used to localize epileptic foci. In some regions of brain the localizing value of epileptic HFA is weakened by frequency overlap with physiological HFA. In this situation, only detailed knowledge of the regional physiological activity may provide relevant information which frequencies provide ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459609 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650149&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002798%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis following long SS may contribute to the development of SRS. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650149 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650152&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002816%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study provides support for the use of TPM as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of RSE. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650152 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650150&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002786%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The current study investigated the possible inherent relationship between convulsions and sleep involving the GABAA/benzodiazepine site complex. The aim of this study was to determine if rats with high (HTR) and low (LTR) thresholds for clonic convulsions induced by DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, differ in the following aspects: (1) sensitivity to the hypnotic effects of the GABAA positive allosteric modulators diazepam, pentobarbital and ethanol and (2) in the binding of [3H]-flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine agonist, measured by autoradiography, and [3H]-Ro 15-4513, a benzodiazepine partial inverse agonist, to membranes from discrete brain regions. The LTR subgroup presented a shorter diazepam-induced sleeping time compared to that of the HTR subgroup. Biochemical assays ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650150 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650144&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002762%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Findings suggest that HADS is a useful screening tool for this particular population. This finding is discussed from the socio-cultural perspective of Omani society. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650144 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401689&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100177X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: To assess the reporting of adverse events (AEs) in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) using the CONSORT statement for harms 2004, and to determine if reporting has changed since introduction of this standard.Principal results: One hundred and fifty two RCTs were included from a search of papers published between 1999 and 2008 inclusive. We identified 23 criteria in the CONSORT statements. The mean number of criteria met per trial was 11.3 (95%CI 10.6–12.0). Commercially funded studies met 12.6 and non-commercially funded met 9.4 (p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401689 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401687&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002695%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Growing evidence has indicated that genetic factors contribute to the etiology of seizure disorders. Most epilepsies are multifactorial, involving a combination of additive and epistatic genetic variables. However, the genetic factors underlying epilepsy have remained unclear, partially due to epilepsy being a clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndrome. Similar to the human situation, genetic background also plays an important role in modulating both seizure susceptibility and its neuropathological consequences in animal models of epilepsy, which has too often been ignored or not been paid enough attention to in published studies. Genetic homogeneity within inbred strains and their general amenability to genetic manipulation have made them an ideal resource for dissecting t... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401687 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650158&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002804%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We investigated the role of aquaporin-4 in the development of cerebral edema following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE) using specific gravimetry and T2 MRI techniques at 6h, 1 day, 4 days and 7 days after SE. Our results indicate significantly greater tissue edema and T2 MRI changes in AQP4−/− compared to AQP4+/+ mice that peaks at about 1 day after SE (greater in hippocampus relative to cortex). These results have implications for the mechanisms of edema formation and clearance following intense seizure activity. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650158 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506837&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002610%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We planned this study to investigate the frequency of epilepsy in paralytic polio survivors. We analyzed the clinical data of 91 paralytic polio survivors. Patients who had been diagnosed with epilepsy were examined by electroencephalography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. 11 of the 91 patients had epilepsy (12%). The mean age at which the patients were exposed to acute poliomyelitis was 5.3±3.8 years (age range: 1–13). The mean age of epilepsy onset was 17±5.6 (age range: 4–25) in the epileptic patients. Our findings suggest that paralytic polio survivors may be at a higher risk for epilepsy compared to normal subjects. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506837 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506837 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650148&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002774%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In the Chinese Han population, IE follows a pattern of polygenic Mendelian additive inheritance rather than single-gene inheritance. Nearly half of the total variance can be explained by genetic factors. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650148 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650142&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002701%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: In Ayurveda, Anacyclus pyrethrum has been used as a brain tonic. The present study evaluates the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of A. pyrethrum (HEAP) root against seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in experimental models of seizures. Male Wistar rats were used in the study. HEAP was administered in doses of 50, 100, 250, 500 in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model and 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg in maximal electroshock (MES) model. Myoclonic jerk latency and generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) were noted in PTZ whereas occurrence of tonic hind limb extension (THLE) was observed in MES seizures. Cognitive deficit was assessed using elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests. Whole brain reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde levels and cholinesterase... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650142 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650147&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002725%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: In 2000, 332 (20.5%) of 1617 patients registered with the Western Infirmary Epilepsy Unit required antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy to remain seizure-free for at least 1 year. The analysis was repeated 10 years later. Of 2379 seizure-free patients, 20.4% (n=486 – 254 women, 232 men, aged 18–95 years [median age 49 years]) were receiving combination therapy. Two AEDs were taken by 395 (81.3%) patients in 2010, and by 287 (86.4%) in 2000. Sodium valproate with lamotrigine was the commonest of 64 successful pairings. As a combination, mean daily doses of both AEDs were lower (n=96; sodium valproate 1200mg, lamotrigine 155mg) than when sodium valproate was taken with carbamazepine or levetiracetam (n=42; 1621mg; p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650147 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650139&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002592%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We explored the efficacy and safety of bilateral SubThalamic Nucleus (STN) stimulation in two subjects suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy even after anterior callosotomy. Case 1 had about 65% decrease of partial motor seizures and the complete disappearance of tonic–clonic generalized attacks. Case 2, with sudden drop (atonic) attacks, partial complex seizures, atypical absences and rare tonic–clonic seizures, showed no meaningful reduction of fits and a stimulation associated atypical absence rate increase. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650139 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316939&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002932%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316939 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650140&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002671%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The incidence of IE is high in the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland and the rate of familial disease is high throughout the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The distribution of familial and AD IE in different geographic isolates, together with the clinical heterogeneity of disease suggests substantial genetic heterogeneity. It is likely that other novel mutations will be identified in this population. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650140 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650137&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002634%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy was higher than previously estimated and the treatment gap was substantial. Results should inform the planning of epilepsy care delivery in the country. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650137 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650155&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002658%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: A magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was performed in a newborn with bilateral subependymal heterotopia (SE). White matter fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) were compared to values obtained in four newborns with moderate perinatal asphyxia and normal MRI findings. The reduction of FA and increase of AD and RD in the newborn with SE were the in vivo late expression of alterations in the intermediate zone, with an underlying arrest of neuronal migration. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650155 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650141&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100266X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize the anticonvulsant effects of pregabalin in combination with four second-generation antiepileptic drugs (i.e., gabapentin, levetiracetam, tiagabine, and vigabatrin) in the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model by using the type II isobolographic analysis.Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25mA, 500V, 50Hz, 0.2s stimulus duration) delivered via auricular electrodes.The combination of pregabalin with gabapentin at the fixed-ratio of 1:1 was supra-additive (synergistic) in terms of seizure suppression while the combinations at the fixed-ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 were additive in the mouse MES model. Similarly, the combination of pregabalin with tiagabin... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650141 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5650138&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002622%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We aimed to compare apparent steady-state oral clearance (CL/F) of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) in elderly (66–80 years, n=105) and very elderly (81–96 years, n=70) vs nonelderly (30–65 years, n=97) patients with epilepsy. Median weight-normalized CL/F (mLmin−1kg−1) decreased from 1.23 (nonelderly) to 0.83 (elderly) and 0.59 (very elderly) (p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5650138 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5650138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506838&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002609%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: In skeletal muscle mitochondrial density, assessed by SSMA percentage, and ETC complex IV activity are positively correlated in patients receiving enzyme inducer AED treatment. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506838 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506834&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002373%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Introduction: Benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (BERS) is an epilepsy syndrome with presumably genetic-developmental etiology. The pathological basis of this syndrome is completely unknown. We postulated that a developmental abnormality presumably results in abnormal EEG background activity findings.Patients and methods: 20 children with typical BERS and an age- and sex-matched group of healthy control children underwent EEG recording and analysis. 60×2s epochs of waking EEG background activity (without epileptiform potentials and artifacts) were analyzed in the 1–25Hz frequency range, in very narrow bands (VNB, 1Hz bandwidth). LORETA (Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) localized multiple distributed sources of EEG background activity in the Talairach space. LORETA ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506834 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506833&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002397%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: We propose that HSP27 is a highly sensitive and specific hippocampal marker for full development of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506833 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506831&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100235X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Reorganisation of the dentate gyrus, including granule cell dispersion (GCD) and mossy fibre sprouting, typically accompany hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in temporal lobe epilepsy. Calbindin (CB) expression in granule cells increases during infancy, influences granule cell excitability, vulnerability to excitotoxicity in addition to important physiological functions in memory. Our aim was to study CB patterns in relation to dentate gyrus re-organisation, epilepsy history and memory function.Forty-five surgical cases and 11 post mortems were examined from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in addition to three post mortem controls. In the surgical cases, CB expression, and the degree of GCD and mossy fibre sprouting were measured. In post mortem cases, CB expression was assessed in... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506831 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401707&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002300%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is an intrinsic network using the NK1-SP receptor system for synaptic transmission and epileptiform activity in TLE. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401707 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401699&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002208%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Children with epilepsy who are experiencing academic difficulties may not qualify for formal educational supports to address these difficulties if eligibility criteria for such supports stress an IQ-achievement discrepancy. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401699 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506835&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002385%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We explored the diagnostic value of oxygen-enhanced MRI, a novel technique for measuring regional brain metabolism, in a set of normal adult volunteers and temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Eight right-handed adult normal volunteers and ten right-handed patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied. Six patients had lesions concordant with their epilepsy on high-resolution (3T) structural MRI. Four patients were nonlesional. Hyperoxia (oxygen enhancement, OE) was carried out by administering 100% O2 in epochs by mask or cannula interleaved with breathing of normal atmospheric air. The T2* (blood oxygen level dependent, BOLD) signal was recorded in continuously acquired echo-planar images. Data from nine temporal lobe subregions were subjected to spectral analysis and statistica... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506835 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401711&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100218X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Aware of parental reports of academic variability, we investigated month-to-month fluctuations in cognitive abilities and EEG status by repeated measures testing in six children with benign epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECTS). All showed greater than normal test–retest variability. Daytime EEG abnormalities were also variable. Short-term fluctuations in cognitive function appear common in children with BECTS, potentially impacting academic performance. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401711 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401713&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002312%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: While examining the acute effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), we could compare the changes in rCBF between missed (not generalized) and generalized seizures using H215O positron emission tomography in patients with depression under anesthesia. In contrast to missed seizures, rCBF was increased extensively, particularly in the centrencephalic structures in generalized seizures. These results further support the centrencephalic theory of seizure generalization. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401713 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401709&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002336%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report a clinical and genetic follow-up study of a large consanguineous family from an endogamous Roma/Gypsy sub-isolate, where previous analyses have been inconclusive. Detailed clinical information was collected through extensive field work, repeat interviews and electrophysiological and neuroimaging investigations on 18 affected subjects. The phenotype is compatible with GEFS+, with some unusual features, e.g. GTCS persisting into late adult life and high frequency of focal epilepsy. Updated genealogical information, a dense SNP genome scan and linkage analysis identified a novel GEFS+ locus on 12p13.33, where 13 affected individuals from two branches of the kindred shared an identical haplotype. This haplotype was not found in the 3rd branch or in the remaining 21 Roma epilepsy fami... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401709 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401708&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002348%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: HLA-B*1502 does not seem to be an effective predictive marker for carbamazepine-induced SCAR, while HLA-B*1511 and A*3101 was associated with carbamazepine-induced SJS and HSS/SCAR respectively in the Korean population. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401708 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401712&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002324%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: To evaluate the association between cerebral hypoperfusion and seizure termination, we compared seizure duration in seven patients with syncopal ictal asystole (IA), seven with non-syncopal ictal bradycardia, and ten with non-bradycardic seizures. Mean seizure duration was 34.4±13s in IA, 67±28.9s in ictal bradycardia, and 82.1±31.1 in non-bradycardic seizures. These were significantly different (ANOVA, p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401712 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316940&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002269%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: During the last decade, multiple data have been obtained, pointing to an involvement of extracellular, including extrasynaptic, proteolysis in epilepsy pathogenesis. The most productive avenues of investigations have been analyses of seizure-evoked gene and protein expression patterns, both hypothesis-driven and unbiased (e.g., DNA microarrays), complemented by functional analyses in animal models, as well as expression and gene polymorphism studies carried out on human tissue In result, serine proteases (e.g., tPA, thrombin, trypsin-like proteases, etc.), metalloproteinases, natural protease inhibitors, as well as complement components, and reelin have been identified as a novel molecular system, emerging as a key factor in the development of epilepsy, in addition to well known c... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316940 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459607&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002142%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Absence seizures appear to be initiated in a putative cortical ‘initiation site’ by the expression of medium-amplitude 5–9Hz oscillations, which may in part be due to a decreased phasic GABAA receptor function. These oscillations rapidly spread to other cortical areas and to the thalamus, leading to fully developed generalized spike and wave discharges. In thalamocortical neurons of genetic models, phasic GABAA inhibition is either unchanged or increased, whereas tonic GABAA inhibition is increased both in genetic and pharmacological models. This enhanced tonic inhibition is required for absence seizure generation, and in genetic models it results from a malfunction in the astrocytic GABA transporter GAT-1. Contradictory results from inbred and transgenic animals still do no... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459607 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401705&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002270%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Ictal FA is highly correlated to the occurrence of clinical features during an EEG seizure. The presence of ictal FA does not appear to influence neurodevelopmental outcomes. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401705 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401700&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002221%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The optic radiation is a key white matter structure at risk during epilepsy surgery involving the temporal, parietal or occipital lobes. It shows considerable anatomical variability, cannot be delineated on clinical MRI sequences and damage may cause a disabling visual field deficit. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography allows non-invasive mapping of this pathway. Numerous methods have been published but direct comparison is difficult as patient, acquisition and analysis parameters differ.Two methods for delineating the optic radiation were applied to 6 healthy controls and 4 patients with epileptogenic lesions near the optic radiation. By comparing methods with the same datasets, many of the parameters could be controlled. The first method was previously developed to accurately ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401700 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459602&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002154%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: EEG-based seizure prediction has undergone phases of optimism when analyses based on limited EEG samples suggested high sensitivity and specificity for several algorithms extracting features from raw preictal EEG data. When using long-term recordings, a more realistic view emerged which suggests that statistically significant predictions might be possible from surface and intracranial EEG, but no algorithm has yet demonstrated performance allowing for clinical application. Here, progress in EEG recording techniques, EEG analysis, and requirements for proper statistical validation of results are reported and discussed as they pertain to clinical implementation. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459602 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401706&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002294%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Surgical outcome in patients with nonlesional refractory partial epilepsies could be improved by a more precise definition of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). The value of interictal FDG-PET hypometabolism, voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is still debated. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these noninvasive techniques in localizing the EZ with stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) results. Twenty patients with nonlesional partial epilepsy (13 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 7 extra-temporal (extra-TLE)) underwent structural MRI, DTI and FDG-PET. FDG-PET was analyzed visually (vPET) blinded and unblinded and by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) (sPET). Individual modifications of grey matter volume and mean diffusivity increase were comp... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401706 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401704&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002282%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, versive seizure is a reliable lateralizing sign indicating contralateral epileptogenic zone in occipital lobe epilepsy. Since versive seizures were accompanied by partial somatomotor manifestations in less than half of the patients, it is suggested that the mechanism of version in occipital lobe epilepsy is different from that in frontal lobe epilepsy. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401704 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401702&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002191%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) decreases cortical excitability. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cathodal tDCS could interrupt the continuous epileptiform activity. Five patients with focal, refractory continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep were recruited. Cathodal tDCS and sham stimulation were applied to the epileptic focus, before sleep (1mA; 20min). Cathodal tDCS did not reduce the spike-index in any of the patients. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401702 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401698&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100221X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was undertaken to address this question. Information related to epilepsy was obtained from twins included in 455 monozygotic and 868 dizygotic pairs ascertained from population-based twin registries in Denmark, Norway and the United States. Syndrome type was determined based on medical record information and detailed clinical interviews and classified using the International Classification Systems for the Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes. Concordance rates were significantly increased in monozygotic versus dizygotic pairs for all major syndrome groups except localization-related cryptogenic epilepsy. Among generalized epilepsies, genetic factors were found to play an important role in the determination of childhood absence, juvenile absence, juvenile myoclonic, and idiopathic ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401698 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228181&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001562%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This report highlights the ictogenesis of radiation-induced “acquired” cavernous angiomatosis in the brain. Appropriate treatment, including resection of these lesions in selected cases, improves the quality of life in such patients. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228181 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228163&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100115X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Radiotherapy is the standard radical treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and may cause radiation encephalopathy (RE). To investigate the characteristics of epilepsy in RE after NPC radiotherapy, we observed 101 RE patients after NPC radiotherapy during a 5-year study period. Seizure semiology, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG) were studied. We found that epilepsy is a common symptom in these patients, with an incidence of 15.8%. In the variables of age, sex, post-radiotherapy interval, radiation dose, radiotherapy techniques, and radiation field, there were no significant differences between RE patients with and without epilepsy. Furthermore, we investigated seizure semiology and EEG records in RE patients with epilepsy, and found that g... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228163 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228160&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002506%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228160 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401697&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002038%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Rat hippocampal area CA3 pyramidal cells synchronously discharge in rhythmic bursts of action potentials after acute disinhibition or convulsant treatment in vitro. These burst discharges resemble epileptiform activity, and are of interest because they may shed light on mechanisms underlying limbic seizures. However, few studies have examined CA3 burst discharges in an animal model of epilepsy, because a period of prolonged, severe seizures (status epilepticus) is often used to induce the epileptic state, which can lead to extensive neuronal loss in CA3. Therefore, the severity of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus was decreased with anticonvulsant treatment to reduce damage. Rhythmic burst discharges were recorded in the majority of slices from these animals, between two week... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401697 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401703&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002245%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Automated FLAIR analysis is a promising tool to quantify hippocampal signal alterations, to support the detection of HS, and to monitor the temporal evolution of the disease. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401703 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401701&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002257%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of the study was to explore clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), neuropsychological features and prognosis of myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (MAE). Of 327 children aged between 1 and 9years with a diagnosis of generalized epilepsy followed between 2000 and 2008, 18 (5.5%) had MAE. Male significantly predominated (88.9%). Age at onset ranged from 2.3 to 4.9years (mean 3.6years). Median follow-up period was 6.3years. In addition to myoclonic-astatic seizures patients had myoclonic seizures (66.7%), drop attacks (72.2%), head drops (77.8%) absences (88.9%), tonic–clonic generalized seizure (77.8%), tonic seizures (38.9%), non-convulsive status epilepticus (16.7%). Seven patients (38.9%) had an epileptic encephalopathy. At onset, interictal epileptiform and slow abnormalities we... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401701 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5506840&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001951%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Approximately 3% of people in the general population will have epilepsy at some point in their life (). The impact of epilepsy on a person's life is multidimensional and seizures have a significant impact on multiple domains of quality of life, with a particularly strong effect on physical role functioning (). Participating in physical exercise programs has significant benefits, including treating, preventing, and reducing risk factors for conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity and osteoarthritis (). Exercise can also counteract the effects of some antiepileptic drugs that cause bone mineral density loss (). It is interesting to note that although patients with o... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5506840 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5506840 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459611&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100074X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Fast ripples are high-frequency, 250–600Hz field potential oscillations which can be recorded from hippocampal or neocortical structures. In the neocortex, fast ripples occur during both sensory information processing and under pathological, epileptic conditions. In the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, fast ripples are exclusively associated with epilepsy and perhaps even mark the epileptogenic focus. In contrast to ripples, which regularly also occur in normal tissue and which are thought to reflect population spike bursts at 100–200Hz paced and synchronised by recurrent inhibition, the fast ripple frequency range exceeds the maximal firing frequency of most neurones. Hence, particularly in the hippocampus, fast ripples must emerge as a network phenomenon and cannot reflect... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459611 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5459610&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000465%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: A major goal in epilepsy research is to understand the cellular basis of pathological forms of network oscillations, particularly those classified as high-frequency activity. What are the underlying mechanisms, and how do they arise? The topic of this review is the pattern of high-frequency oscillations that have been recorded in epileptic tissue, and how they might differ from physiological activity. We discuss recent experimental and clinical data with a major focus on the diverse sources of extracellular signals and the contribution of different neuronal populations, including GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic principal cells. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5459610 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5459610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401696&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002026%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by hyper-synchronous abnormalities of neurons. Resting state brain activity measured by fMRI might evaluate the synchronization of the disorder. To investigate the alteration of the haemodynamic synchronization in epilepsy, resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) was performed on 25 patients with primarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS), along with 25 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Regional homogeneity (ReHo), a measurement of the synchronization of spontaneous RS-fMRI signal oscillations within spatially neighboring voxels, was examined. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with GTCS showed bilaterally and symmetrically altered ReHo in the cortical and subcortical structures. In addition, a correlation ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401696 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401695&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002014%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Purpose: To conduct a meta-analysis to quantify whether valproate (VPA) is associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with epilepsy.Methods: A comprehensive literature search for all published studies of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed for English language studies published from 1st January 1990 to 4th February 2011. The studies included should be prospective and controlled. We then performed a meta-analysis to identify polycystic ovary syndrome in women with epilepsy treated with VPA.Results: The meta-analysis included 11 studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria, involving 556 women with epilepsy treated with VPA, 593 women treated with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), 120 women with untreated epilepsy and 329 healthy controls. The calcu... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401695 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401694&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111002002%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to test whether the KCNQ channel activator flupirtine is also effective for RFS in rats. RFS were induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at postnatal day 10 (P10) in a warm water bath for eight consecutive days with or without the pre-administration of flupirtine or phenobarbital. As results, both drugs significantly increased the latency and decreased the rate of febrile seizures. Furthermore, seizures in the flupirtine group had a significantly shorter duration and were less severe compared with the phenobarbital group. The flupirtine-treated group showed less impairment in learning and memory and less obvious pathological changes in the brain following RFS compared with the phenobarbital-treated group. In summary, flupirtine appears to be effective in RFS prophylaxis and m... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401694 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401692&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001963%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We analyzed the phenomenon of transient regional diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) hyperintensity in a series of status epilepticus (SE) patients with respect to seizure type, epileptogenic lesions and EEG findings. A prospective series of 54 patients (30 men, 24 women, mean age 61.5 years) admitted with SE was analyzed with regard to clinical semiology, EEG and MRI findings including DWI and EEG recordings in the acute peri-ictal phase. DWI abnormalities occurred most frequently in patients with complex-partial SE (27/50%) and generalized SE (18/33.3%). Forty patients (74.1%) had symptomatic, 13/24.1% cryptogenic and 1/1.9% idiopathic epilepsies. On DWI, the hippocampus was affected in 37/68.5% cases, often in combination with other brain areas (15/40.5%), in particular the pulvinar w... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401692 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401691&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001781%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: It is well established that naming deficits can be found in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to determine in Spanish speakers with pharmacoresistant TLE the characteristics of subjective naming difficulties and to examine performance in a definition task and a picture task in left TLE and right TLE. We observed that almost one-third of patients report frequent and severe word finding problems during spontaneous speech. In naming tests, our patients exhibited delayed times for finding words. Even if the target word was identified and semantically activated, there was difficulty with lexical access, which improved when a phonetic cue was given. Left TLE patients derived a lower benefit from phonetic cues in accessing words, even when the word is known and reco... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401691 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401690&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001756%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims to demonstrate the reliability of the diagnosis of epilepsy after a new onset seizure, supported by a detailed anamnesis and the complementary tests accessible at the emergency room (ER), such as CT-scan and video-EEG. It was a prospective study including 131 adult patients (55% males, medium age 52.42 (±21.5)[16–98] years-old, follow-up 25.22 (±13.69)[12–31] months). In half of cases we could not identify any predisposing factor. Within the first 72h, patients were included into an epileptic syndrome according to the ILAE 1989 classification, if possible. Thereafter, they were followed-up in the outpatient clinic of the Epilepsy Unit, where seizure recurrence was recorded and further diagnostic examinations were performed. 94.1% of patients initially diagnosed of epi... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401690 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5401688&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001768%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: VEM is a safe and cost-effective investigation strategy in older-adults. It aided in improving the diagnosis, offered better treatment including surgery and helped in excluding non-epileptic paroxysmal events in majority. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5401688 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5401688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316949&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001653%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We utilized the high temporal resolution, whole head coverage and novel analysis methodology of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record the dynamics of cerebellar activation during focal motor seizures. We analyzed ictal MEG data from a four-year old using an event-related beamformer to localize and display ictal changes over the motor cortex and cerebellum. Contralateral activation of the cerebellum was seen 14s after MEG ictal onset over the motor cortex. These findings represent the first indication of ictal activity within the cerebellum in humans, measured non-invasively with MEG. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316949 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316948&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001744%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The aEEG/SEF data presentation technique is a valid option in aEEG recordings of seizures. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316948 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316947&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001732%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: A modified cortical stimulation model was used to investigate the effects of varying the synchronicity and periodicity of electrical stimuli delivered to multiple pairs of electrodes on seizure initiation. In this model, electrical stimulation of the motor cortex of rats, along four pairs of a microwire electrode array, results in an observable seizure with quantifiable electrographic duration and behavioural severity. Periodic stimuli had a constant inter-stimulus intervals across the two-second stimulus duration, whilst synchronous stimuli consisted of singular biphasic, bipolar pulses delivered to the four pairs of electrodes at precisely the same time for the entire two second stimulation period. In this way four combinations of stimulation were possible; periodic/synchronous ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316947 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316946&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001689%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a convulsing agent that in vivo preferentially releases Glu, the most important excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain. Here the ionic dependence of 4-AP-induced Glu release and the effects of several of the most common antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and of the new potential AED, vinpocetine on 4-AP-induced Glu release were characterized in hippocampus isolated nerve endings pre-loaded with labelled Glu ([3H]Glu). 4-AP-induced [3H]Glu release was composed by a tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitive and external Ca2+ dependent fraction and a TTX insensitive fraction that was sensitive to the excitatory amino acid transporter inhibitor, TBOA. The AEDs: carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine at the highest dose tested only reduced [3H]Glu rel... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316946 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316945&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001690%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Endocannabinoid system and its CB1 receptors are suggested to provide endogeneous protection against seizures. The present study examines whether CB1 receptors contribute to resistance to seizures and kindling epileptogenesis in a model of audiogenic epilepsy. Three groups of Wistar rats were used: rats unsusceptible to audiogenic seizures, rats with acquired resistance to audiogenic seizures and rats with reproducible audiogenic running seizures.Chronic treatment with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (5 daily dosing of 30mg/kg) did not change innate resistance to audiogenic seizures in non-epileptic rats but reverted acquired seizure resistance in rats which lost their epileptic sensitivity with repeated testing. In the latter rats, audiogenic running seizures reappeared for ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316945 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316944&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001719%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The design of peptide mimetics offers interesting opportunities to selectively include beneficial and exclude undesirable effects of a parent molecule. Epotris represents a novel erythropoietin mimetic, which lacks an erythropoietic activity. The present study evaluates the potential of this peptide to interfere with the histopathological consequences of electrical-induced status epilepticus in rats. The peptide attenuated status epilepticus-associated expansion of the neuronal progenitor cell population in a significant manner. Moreover, Epotris affected the number of persistent basal dendrites exhibited by neuronal progenitor cells. In contrast, hippocampal cell loss remained unaffected by administration of this peptide mimetic. Status epilepticus resulted in obvious microglial ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316944 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316943&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001641%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Low frequency rTMS has a favorable effect on seizure reduction, particularly evident in patients with neocortical epilepsy or cortical dysplasia. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316943 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316942&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001665%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background: Outcome studies in people with epilepsy have largely focused on the prognosis in the early stages and factors predictive of early remission. Few studies have examined prognosis in chronic refractory epilepsy.Methods: We determined the pattern of remission and relapse of epilepsy in a cohort of people with refractory epilepsy (seizures in the past two years, at least five years after onset and who have been treated with at least 2 appropriate antiepileptic drugs during that time) to investigate whether any clinical or demographic features are predictive of seizure patterns. Seizure patterns were defined as intermittent (at least one previous period of remission of two or more years with a subsequent relapse) or continuous (no periods of remission of two years or more si... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316942 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5316941&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001677%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Outbred rat strains such as Sprague–Dawley (SD) or Wistar are widely used in epilepsy models, including popular models of temporal lobe epilepsy in which spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), hippocampal damage, and behavioral alterations develop after status epilepticus (SE). Such rats are randomly outbred, hence allelic variations can occur across separate colonies, so that outbred rats from different sources may have little in common with each other besides their names and similarities in pelage. Although such intrastrain differences may be an important reason for discrepancies between studies from different laboratories, the extent to which such differences affect development of seizures, neurodegeneration, and psychopathology in post-SE models of epilepsy has received littl... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5316941 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5316941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228186&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001276%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report two cases of migrating partial seizures in infancy complicated with intractable epileptic apnea with severe desaturation. Ictal electroencephalography revealed migrating foci of epileptiform discharges, which spread to bilateral temporal areas resulting in the onset of apnea. Magnetoencephalography detected dipole sources at bilateral perisylvian areas. Single photon emission tomography revealed a significant ictal change in perfusion at bilateral anterior temporal lobes in one patient. Addition of acetazolamide to the regimen resulted in complete disappearance of epileptic seizures. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228186 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228185&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001288%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Bradycardia or asystole that occur during some seizures may be life threatening as a leading cause of SUDEP. A patient with right and left temporal lobe onset seizures and preceding bardycardia or asystole is presented. He had bilateral hippocampal atrophy on MRI. The unreliability of ictal bradycardia or asystole as a lateralizing sign in patients with partial epilepsy and the role of interictal autonomic activity in heart rate changes during seizures are discussed. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228185 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228184&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100129X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) prevents inhibition of non-NMDA glutamate receptors by the anticonvulsant topiramate. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques, we demonstrate that PKA activity also modulates topiramate potentiation of recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in Xenpus laevis oocytes. PKA activators, dibutyryl-cAMP and forskolin, attenuate topiramate potentiation, whereas the PKA inhibitor H-89 increases topiramate potentiation. Thus, endogenous PKA activity and receptor phosphorylation states may contribute to topiramate treatment efficacy. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228184 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228183&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100132X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment of infantile spasms (IS). Here, we examine the efficacy of KD in medically refractory IS, examine its impact on growth in infants, and explore its mechanism of action. At 1–3 months after the initiation of the KD, 46% of twenty-six patients had a greater than 90% reduction in IS. No significant relationships between reduction in IS and serum β-hydroxybutyrate, or glucose levels were identified. Also, the KD had not significantly altered patient's growth parameters. Thus, in corroborating with prior studies, we demonstrate the KD is a well-tolerated and efficacious treatment of IS. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228183 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228182&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001549%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: In control rats, we examined the effects of ketogenic diet on NKCC1 and KCC2 expression levels in hippocampus. Neither the number of NKCC1 immunoreactive cells nor the intensity of labeling of KCC2 was found to modify in hippocampus of the rats after ketogenic diet treatment. These results indicate that ketogenic diet by itself does not modify the expression of these cation chloride cotransporters. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228182 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228180&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100163X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Although bromide (Br) is used to treat intractable epilepsy, serum Br concentrations are not routinely analyzed. The present study measured serum Br− and Cl− concentrations in Br-treated epileptic patients, showing a significant correlation between Br− and imprecise Cl− concentrations, which suggested the use of a unique correlating equation for each diagnostic tool. Results indicated that imprecise Cl− concentrations are useful markers for measuring appropriate serum Br− levels in epileptic patients. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228180 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228179&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001367%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our study highlights the rare association of IGE with TLE, the most common AED-resistant focal epilepsy syndrome. As the seizure outcome following ATL is similar in AED-resistant TLE patients with and without IGE, their co-existence is not a contraindication for ATL. Future studies should explore the molecular genetic basis of the rare association between these two epilepsy syndromes. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228179 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228178&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001550%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Prevalence of nonconvulsive and subtle status epilepticus was higher than reported, emphasising the importance of clinical awareness. Older age was associated with more favorable course. This unexpected and contradictory result has to be taken into account during therapeutic interventions in the elderly and should warn from early resignation regarding treatment. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228178 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228177&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001331%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Following once-daily oral administration of ESL 400mg, 800mg and 1200mg to epilepsy patients treated concomitantly with one or two other AEDs, ESL was rapidly converted to eslicarbazepine, which was the primary active compound found in plasma. Systemic exposure to eslicarbazepine was dose-proportional. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228177 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228176&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001355%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Simultaneous electroencephalography–transcranial magnetic stimulation (EEG–TMS) investigates cortical reactivity to external perturbations. TMS evoked potentials (TEPs) have been described in normals during sleep and wake but not after sleep deprivation or in pathologically enhanced excitability, i.e., epilepsy. The aim of our study was to identify TEPs and their modifications via EEG–TMS co-registration in healthy controls and patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) during wake, sleep deprivation and sleep conditions. Focal TMS was administered to the primary motor cortex in 12 healthy controls and 10 patients with JME. At least 150 TMS were delivered randomly every 8–15s during wake, sleep deprivation and sleep conditions. EEG was simultaneously acquired from 32 ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228176 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228175&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001318%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present results from continuous intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) monitoring in 6 dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy, a disorder similar to the human condition in its clinical presentation, epidemiology, electrophysiology and response to therapy. Recordings were obtained using a novel implantable device wirelessly linked to an external, portable real-time processing unit. We demonstrate previously uncharacterized intracranial seizure onset patterns in these animals that are strikingly similar in appearance to human partial onset epilepsy. We propose: (1) canine epilepsy as an appropriate model for testing human antiepileptic devices and new approaches to epilepsy surgery, and (2) this new technology as a versatile platform for evaluating seizures and response to therapy in... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228175 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228174&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001306%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: We postulate that Q8IYL2 is a causative gene for PEPS, after exhaustive resequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The function of this gene is unknown, but it is expressed in brain tissue. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228174 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228173&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001264%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We aimed to characterise the phenotype and perform genetic studies in a family of Roma/Gypsy ethnicity, affected by epilepsy. The mean age at onset of epilepsy was 9 years and seizures persisted into adulthood. Antecedent febrile convulsions were rare. Seizure semiology and EEG findings suggested mesial temporal lobe origin with no evidence of hippocampal sclerosis. Seizures frequently generalised. Family structure suggested autosomal-dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Linkage analysis identified a single novel locus on 7p21.3, corresponding to the expected maximum in the family. Previously reported temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) loci were definitely excluded. The minimal shared haplotype of 2.4cM (1.3Mb) was not observed in other affected families or controls from the... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228173 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228172&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001252%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: 2.5:1 ratio KD is possibly as effective as 4:1 KD in controlling seizures and has fewer adverse effects. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228172 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228171&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001240%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: To clarify the incidence of first-ever episodes of status epilepticus (SE), their etiologies and outcomes among Japanese children, we performed an epidemiological study in Okayama City. One hundred and twenty patients (69 males, 51 females) experienced first-ever SE episodes between 2003 and 2005. Overall, the annual incidence of SE was 42.0 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 34.5–49.5). The highest incidence was seen in patients aged (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228171 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228170&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001239%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: An increase in the use of AEDs was observed over a 5-year period in data collected from NHIRD. This might implicate the use of newer compounds at clinical practice not only increased in the treatment of epilepsy, but also in the conditions other than epilepsy especially pain disorders. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228170 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228169&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001227%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Recent in vitro and in vivo data show that acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) activation enhances neuronal excitability in the hippocampus and neocortex, indicating that ASIC1a might play a role in the generation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate association of the ASIC1a gene with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for the first time. Six tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ASIC1a gene were selected and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 560 TLE patients and 401 healthy controls. There was a significant allelic and genotypic association between rs844347:A>C and TLE compared with controls. The rs844347-A allele frequency was 88.1% in the patients and 83.0% in control subjects... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228169 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228168&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001215%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of this post hoc analysis were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin when added to different AED regimens and to identify specific AED combinations that in conjunction with pregabalin yield high responder rates. Data from six double-blind, randomized studies of pregabalin in patients with partial-onset seizures were pooled for analysis (N=1775). When the treatment groups (placebo, 150mg, 300mg, 600mg, and flexible dose) were stratified by the number of concomitant AEDs (one, two or three or more), modeling results suggested that the magnitude of improvement on either ≥50% responder rate or mean response ratio remained consistent regardless of the number of concomitant AEDs. Adverse events were typical of pregabalin and, in general, did not vary as the number of... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228168 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228167&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001197%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between GABBR1 G1465A polymorphism and the risk of TLE.Methods: Biomedical literature databases including PubMed, ISI web of science and Embase were searched. The studies evaluating the association between GABBR1 G1465A polymorphism and TLE were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects model.Key findings: Seven studies (1011 cases and 2184 controls) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The overall result showed that the association between GABBR1 G1465A polymorphism was statistically significant (OR=5.381, 95%CI: 1.726, 16.776, P=0.004). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect estimate was higher in the studies with h... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228167 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228166&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001203%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Here we describe a new non-human primate model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to better investigate the cause/effect relationships of human TLE. Status epilepticus (SE) was induced in adult marmosets by pilocarpine injection (250mg/kg; i.p.). The animals were divided in 2 groups: acute (8h post-SE) and chronic (3 and 5 months post-SE). To manage the severity of SE, animals received diazepam 5min after the SE onset (acute group: 2.5 or 1.25mg/kg; i.p.; chronic group/; 1.25mg/kg; i.p). All animals were monitored by video and electrocorticography to assess SE and subsequent spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). To evaluate brain injury produced by SE or SRS we used argyrophil III, Nissl and neo-Timm staining techniques. Magnetic resonance image was also performed in the chronic grou... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228166 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228165&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001173%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Zonisamide (ZNS) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) with multiple putative mechanisms of action. It is chemically unrelated to other AEDs. It has been available in Japan since 1989 but was only licensed in Europe in 2005. Its efficacy and tolerability have been shown in several randomised controlled trials, but large studies on long-term performance in Western clinical practice are scarce.We assessed a large cohort of consecutive people who started ZNS at a tertiary epilepsy referral centre, from June 2005 to July 2009.Forty-six percent of the 417 people included were still taking ZNS at last follow-up, with an estimated retention rate at three years of 30%. Almost one third of the population reported a period of improvement in terms of seizure reduction of at least six months duratio... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228165 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228164&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001185%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: The automatic detection and classification of epileptic EEG are significant in the evaluation of patients with epilepsy. This paper presents a new EEG classification approach based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) and nonlinear dynamical features. The theory of nonlinear dynamics has been a powerful tool for understanding brain electrical activities. Nonlinear features extracted from EEG signals such as approximate entropy (ApEn), Hurst exponent and scaling exponent obtained with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) are employed to characterize interictal and ictal EEGs. The statistics indicate that the differences of those nonlinear features between interictal and ictal EEGs are statistically significant. The ELM algorithm is employed to train a single hidden layer feedforwa... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228164 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228162&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001161%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Discussion: (1) Decreased fC in the 1–6Hz band might indicate some relationship to yet hidden structure network abnormalities. (2) The anatomical patterns of fC indicate frequency-dependent, pathological coupling and decoupling processes in the interictal state. (3) The two networks might help to understand seizure liability and seizure precipitation in IGE.Significance: This is the first study to explore EEG fC in the interictal condition of IGE patients. The importance of EEG frequencies in evaluating fC in IGE was demonstrated and starting points for further research were given. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228162 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228161&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001720%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Polymicrogyria is a cerebral cortical malformation characterized by an excessively folded cortical ribbon of miniature and individually thin convolutions. Although polymicrogyria is a highly epileptogenic lesion, its epileptogenic mechanism is unclear. The anomalous cortex associated with polymicrogyria includes less excitable neural tissue such as a cell sparse zone, but involves a part of a larger epileptic network extending to adjacent cortical areas. This malformation can be modeled in rats with a transcortical prenatal or neonatal freeze lesion, which mimics the histological characteristics of a human four-layered polymicrogyria. Several hypotheses have so far been presented for seizure susceptibility in polymicrogyria, including alterations of glutamate receptor distribution... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228161 Wed, 24 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5228161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041876&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000891%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, combing LEV and OCs seems safe from a pharmacokinetic perspective. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041876 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:35 +0100 5041876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041875&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000921%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We compared hippocampal abnormalities in 42 healthy adults identified by voxel-based relaxometry (VBR) and by visual inspection. Hippocampal abnormalities were seen in 8 (19.0%) and 10 (23.8%) of subjects by VBR and visual inspection, respectively (p>0.05). Notably, 50% of the abnormalities seen by visual inspection were likely false positive. This suggests that VBR is a more specific measure and should be considered in subjects with questionable hippocampal abnormalities. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041875 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:35 +0100 5041875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041874&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000866%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a patient with intractable seizures in the setting of a low grade glioma who responded dramatically to temozolomide despite minimal radiographic change in tumor size. Temozolomide is an effective treatment for seizure control in patients with brain tumors. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041874 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:34 +0100 5041874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041873&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001136%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Thalidomide was synthesized more than 50 years ago as hypnotic sedative with unique pharmacologic properties. Recently, we have described a notorious anticonvulsant effect of thalidomide on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Here, we report the results of thalidomide administration on amygdaloid kindling. A total of 100 male Wistar rats were implanted with brain electrodes in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the sensory motor cortex. After surgery the animals received a daily electric stimulus through the amygdaline electrode (500μA intensity, 60Hz frequency, 1ms duration) until seizures appeared. The following treatment groups were made: (a) controls; (b) rats treated daily with thalidomide (10mg/kg) or with topiramate (80mg/kg); (c) rats treated with different doses of ... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041873 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:34 +0100 5041873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041872&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000945%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Extratemporal EEG abnormalities are present in nearly half of ANNA-1 seropositive patients, suggesting that extratemporal involvement is common. EEG and MRI are often complementary in determining lesional distribution in ANNA-1 seropositive patients. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041872 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:34 +0100 5041872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041871&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000957%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Good confrontation naming ability depends on the integrity of the hippocampus and the connecting fronto-temporal networks. Functional MRI activation in the left hippocampus during verbal fluency is associated with naming function in healthy controls and patients with right TLE. In left TLE, there was evidence of involvement of the left frontal lobe when naming was more proficient, most likely reflecting a compensatory response due to the ongoing epileptic activity and/or underlying pathology. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041871 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:34 +0100 5041871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041870&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000933%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Significant autonomic changes occur during seizures and may be related to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Accordingly, we performed a study to determine the prevalence of heart rate, QTc, and oximetric changes during seizures and analyzed their association with SUDEP risk factors. We analyzed 218 seizures from 76 patients. Ictal sinus tachycardia occurred in 57% of seizures and was associated with ≥3 failed AEDs (p=0.001), generalized seizures (p13, and ≥480ms for females age >13) occurred in 4.8–16.2% of seizures, while ictal QTc prolongation ≥500ms occurred in 2.9–16.2%. Ictal QTc shortening ≤340ms was observed in 3.8–4.8% of seizures. Ictal hypoxemia occurred in 25% of seizures and was associated with normal MRI (p=0.01), longer seizure duration (p=0... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041870 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:34 +0100 5041870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041869&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100091X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: It is unclear what the ideal weaning speed of the ketogenic diet should be and the resultant risk of seizure worsening. A retrospective chart review was performed of children who discontinued the ketogenic diet at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 2000 to June 2010. Speed of discontinuation was categorized into immediate (6 weeks) rates. One hundred and eighty-three children were identified. Children with both a longer diet duration (p=0.004) and lower seizure frequency (p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041869 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:32 +0100 5041869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041868&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000908%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Prophylactic antiepileptic treatment in patients with non-traumatic, non-aneurysmatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) is controversial. The purpose of our study was to assess the occurrence of seizures and neurologic outcome in SICH patients who were treated with valproic acid or a placebo for a period of one month and follow-up of one year in a hospital inpatient neurologic department and ambulatory clinic settings. The study is a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The patients were treated for one month with either valproic acid (VPA) or placebo immediately after a SICH and were followed-up for one year to evaluate seizure rate and neurologic function as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Seventy-... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041868 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:32 +0100 5041868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041867&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000854%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Strong similarities in the electroclinical features and outcome between children with early-onset absences and those with CAE support the view that these conditions are part of the wide spectrum of IGE. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041867 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041866&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100088X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that, for the mothers of children who had epilepsy, the illness might have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041866 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041865&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000878%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Changing the dose regimen from two to three times daily could reduce fluctuations of LCM during the day and improve tolerability of LCM in patients with ADR. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041865 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041864&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000842%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Social support from marriage has been linked with better health outcomes. Persons with epilepsy (PWE) are significantly less likely to be married than persons without epilepsy. No previous studies have examined the impact of marriage on epilepsy-related health concerns. Outpatient PWE (n=267) were asked to identify their top five concerns on the Epilepsy Foundation Concerns Index. After controlling for clinical factors (seizure frequency, age of epilepsy diagnosis and disability status) PWE who were married were significantly less likely to report “Fear of being injured during a seizure” Odds Ratio (OR) 0.33, “Holding down a job” OR 0.29, “Getting the work or education you want” OR 0.29, “Medical costs of your epilepsy” OR 0.21 and “Lack of people's understanding... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041864 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041863&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001343%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Background: Weight loss can occur during topiramate (TPM) treatment and it should be evaluated by clinicians, especially in children, whose growth could be compromised. In international literature, the reported body weight loss incidences linked to TPM therapy vary widely and, in some cases, are very conflicting.Aims: The aims of this review are to quantify TPM-induced weight loss, analyze the pathogenetic mechanisms and evaluate its clinical implications in patients with epilepsy.Results: The amount of weight loss appears to be related to some factors such as the duration of the treatment and a high baseline body mass index (BMI), while the role of daily dosage and gender of patients is controversial. The mechanism through which TPM may induce weight loss is still unclear.Interpr... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041863 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5041862&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111001884%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5041862 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:19:31 +0100 5041862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905930&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000726%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: We aimed to study the influences of active epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) on the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) by determining levels in 74 patients with developmental disorder with epilepsy and 63 healthy controls. The patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels than the controls (4.1±4.5pg/ml vs. 2.1±1.0pg/ml; p (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905930 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905929&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000477%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which has a cumulative lifetime incidence of 3%. Two to threefold increased morbidity and mortality rates are reported, especially if generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) occur. A wireless small and user-friendly detection system would be helpful in early identification of seizures. This could minimize the risk of seizure-related injuries and further allow complete seizure frequency documentation, especially in a non-clinical private setting. The aim of our study was to develop a design and to conduct an exploratory validation of an accelerometry (ACM)-based detection system for GTCS detection in real-time. Patients were recruited via the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at the Department of Neurology, Medical University Inns... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905929 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905928&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS092012111100043X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present a child with myoclonic seizures, epileptic spasms and generalized epileptiform discharges on scalp EEG. Magnetoencephalography and coherence-phase analysis for scalp EEG suggested focal onset in the left hemisphere. Intracranial video EEG confirmed seizure onset in the left frontal lobe with ictal high-frequency oscillations. Left frontal lobectomy suppressed his seizures. Subsets of myoclonic seizures can be focal in origin despite bilaterally synchronized epileptiform discharges on scalp EEG. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905928 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905927&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000829%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Objective: To determine those factors associated with increased seizures and side effects after switching from brand name to generic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Methods: We surveyed adult epilepsy patients and obtained demographic, clinical, and psychosocial data. We inquired whether they switched from brand name to generic AEDs, and whether they experienced poorer seizure control and increased side effects. Using univariate analysis, we determined those variables significantly associated with increased seizures and side effects. We applied binary logistic regression to determine those independently associated with these target variables.Results: One hundred and twenty-one subjects completed the questionnaire. Seventy-one switched to generic AEDs. Of these, 18 subjects (25.7%) repo... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905927 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905926&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000817%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In this study we observed an association between the presence of 5HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR less transcriptional efficient combined genotypes and TLE. Our results suggest that modulation of the serotoninergic system might be implied in epileptogenesis in TLE. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905926 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905925&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000830%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Kindling is a widely used animal model of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. In the present study, we performed fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis of kindling-induced afterdischarge (AD) in the rabbit hippocampus. Ten adult rabbits were used. Kindling stimulation to the right hippocampus was delivered as a train of biphasic pulses (1ms duration each) of 50Hz for 1s, with suprathreshold intensity for AD. Motor responses were classified into five stages according to the conventional criteria. Of 10 animals, five developed stage 5 convulsions with a mean of 21 stimulations (kindled (K) group), while the remaining five animals did not (incomplete kindling (IK) group). We standardized each ratio of power spectral density of lower frequency band component (LFB: 0–9Hz) and the... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905925 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905924&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000805%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Despite considerable research on EEG-feedback of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) for seizure control in epilepsy, the underlying mechanisms and the direct effects on intracerebral pathological activity within the focal area remain unclear. Intrahippocampal EEG recordings from four patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and implanted electrodes were analyzed with regard to spike activity and power in 10 frequency bands (0.5–148Hz) during SCP feedback based on surface recordings (position Cz). Trials with positive, negative and indifferent SCPs were contrasted. Three of the four patients showed changes in spike activity during SCPs, but these were inconsistent between patients, and resulted in increased and decreased activity in both positive and negative SCPs. Spectral analysis rev... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905924 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905923&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000799%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study was designed to assess knowledge and attitude with respect to epilepsy among secondary school students (epileptic and none) in Assiut city, Egypt.Methods: A cross sectional study was applied among secondary school students in Assiut city, Egypt. A 13-item questionnaire was self administered by 2226 students who selected randomly.The principal results: All students either epileptic or non-epileptic had been heard about epilepsy. Only 7.1% of epileptic students and 8.5% of non-epileptic students thought that the epilepsy is a brain disease. Out of 2198 non-epileptic students, 28.4% thought that person with epilepsy (PWE) should not marry and 92% of them refused to marry from PWE. The correct knowledge of epilepsy was significantly positive correlated with positive attitude towards... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905923 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905922&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000787%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Fatigue can be defined as extreme and persistent tiredness, weakness or exhaustion that could be mental, physical or both.The main objective of this study is to validate three instruments to measure fatigue (Fatigue Symptom Inventory-FSI, Fatigue Assessment Instrument-FAI, Fatigue Severity Scale-FSS) in patients with epilepsy (PWE). We used concurrent validity as a method of validation. Reliability of the fatigue scales was assessed in PWE. We applied the three selected questionnaires plus the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in PWE, healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with other neurological conditions.We studied 67 PWE, 34 HV and 56 patients with different neurological conditions. The mean fatigue scores in each group were as follows: (a) for the FSS, the score in HV was 2.6±1.... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905922 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905921&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000775%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Nearly half of childhood epilepsy is of “unknown” etiology. While a small proportion of this group met criteria for a known epilepsy syndrome, 41% of all childhood epilepsy is of “unknown” cause with no clear syndrome identified. Further work is needed to define more specific etiologies for this group. (Source: Epilepsy Research) Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905921 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905920&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000714%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Physiological ketosis is a hallmark of metabolism in suckling infants. However, little is known on the impact of physiological ketosis on brain excitability. We addressed this question in suckling rats in vivo. 16-channel extracellular field potential recordings were performed from somatosensory barrel cortex at postnatal days 5–9 non-anaesthetized rat pups. Seizures were induced by the volatile convulsant agent flurothyl. One hour after blockade of physiological ketogenesis using combined administration of beta-oxidation inhibitors mercaptoacetate, insulin and glucose to prevent hypoglycemia, we found no significant change in the flurothyl-induced electrographic seizures. However, build-up of seizures during two repetitive flurothyl applications was strongly aggravated in the a... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905920 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4905919&cid=s_38464_25_f&fid=38464&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epires-journal.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0920121111000702%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Summary: Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is partly caused by mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes CHRNA4, CHRNB2, and CHRNA2. Cases of non-familial nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) are more common than the familial type and the phenotypes of the two are similar. CHRNA4 mutations have been found in sporadic NFLE, but no mutation in CHRNB2 or CHRNA2 have been reported. To analyze the genetic features of sporadic NFLE, we designed mutation screening of exon 5 of CHRNA4, exon 5 of CHRNB2, and exon 6 of CHRNA2, mutations in which are associated with ADFLE. We screened a group of 105 Chinese sporadic NFLE cases and identified a novel CHRNB2 mutation, V337G, in an evolutionary conserved region of the intracellular loop between transmemb... Epilepsy Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4905919 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4905919