MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'European Journal of Personality' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5651801&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.1839 AbstractCompeting theories have viewed relationship formation as a gradual process or as an instant development, with little attention to differences in individual perceptions of the same relationship. In the present study, conceptual metaphors concerning relationship formation were identified and coded from interviews with each friend in 59 same‐sex, white, college‐age, US dyads (57% female). Friends were extreme and either very similar or different from one other with regard to extraversion–introversion. An actor–partner analysis found that friends paired with an extravert used more Force–Impact metaphors that conveyed an explosive ‘friends‐at‐first‐sight’ experience, whereas friends paired with an introvert used more Journey–Organism metaphors that reflected a grad... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5651801 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5651801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5631323&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.1841 AbstractThe personality trait need for cognition (NFC) refers to individual differences in cognitive motivation and has proven to be an extraordinarily useful descriptor and predictor in the context of information processing. So far, NFC has been assessed via self‐report. More recent research, however, accentuates the value of indirect measures, as they tap into implicit aspects of the personality self‐concept and are assumed to provide incremental validity especially in predicting automatic aspects of behaviour. Therefore, in the present research, different NFC‐Implicit Association Tests (IATs) were developed and pretested for psychometric properties. The final version was systematically tested for its predictive validity over and above the direct NFC measure based on a latent varia... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5631323 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5631323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5600286&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.1836 AbstractThe present research reports the results of three studies showing that individuals with a fragile self‐concept in the domain of performance are particularly vulnerable to stereotype threat effects. Specifically, women who explicitly described themselves as rather mathematical but whose implicit self‐concepts contradicted these claims were vulnerable to stereotype threat effects on mathematical performance. This effect was robust across three studies, independent of the subtleness or content of the stereotype threat manipulation. Additionally, it was shown that the effect was mediated by anxious worrying (Study 3). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5600286 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5600286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5586430&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.1838 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5586430 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5586430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5528121&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.858 AbstractThe high level of political cynicism in contemporary society is often considered a serious threat to democracy. The concept, however, has received only scant attention in psychology. The current work introduces political cynicism and extensively explores its psychological implications by investigating the concept's validity, predictive utility and status as a dispositional variable. Our results revealed that political cynicism is empirically distinguishable from the closely related constructs of social cynicism and political trust. Furthermore, political cynicism was found to strongly related to a wide range of political variables, such as voting intentions, political normlessness and political estrangement, as well as to broad social attitudes and racial prejudice. Finally, we sho... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5528121 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5528121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433775&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.854 AbstractThe aim of the present study is to determine the structure of values in the Spanish population and its relation to the Big Five personality traits. Using a psycholexical approach, 566 words were identified as values and administered to a sample of participants who were instructed to rate the extent to which they were guided by each value. Principal components analysis revealed seven factors: Social Recognition, Competence, Love and Happiness, Benevolence, Idealism, Equilibrium and Family. The results show that there is no complete equivalence between these factors and those obtained in previous studies. However, the results are congruent with those obtained in other studies as far as the relation between values and personality traits is concerned. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433775 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5433775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5528120&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.859 AbstractIn spite of the Machiavellians' successful strategies in exploitation of others, they show cognitive deficiencies, especially reduced mind‐reading skill. Theory of mind is usually regarded as an ability to make inferences about the mental states of others and thus to predict their behaviour. In our study, we have instead emphasized a motivation‐based approach, using the concept of spontaneous mentalization. This concept is construed solely in a motivational context and not in relation to the automaticity of mind‐reading ability. It entails that people in their social relations make efforts to explore the thoughts and intentions of others and are motivated to make hypotheses about the mental state of the other person. We assumed that what is peculiar to Machiavellianism is spo... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5528120 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5528120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5516946&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.860 AbstractDuring the last half century, hundreds of papers published in statistical journals have documented general conditions where reliance on least squares regression and Pearson's correlation can result in missing even strong associations between variables. Moreover, highly misleading conclusions can be made, even when the sample size is large. There are, in fact, several fundamental concerns related to non‐normality, outliers, heteroscedasticity, and curvature that can result in missing a strong association. Simultaneously, a vast array of new methods has been derived for effectively dealing with these concerns. The paper (i) reviews why least squares regression and classic inferential methods can fail, (ii) provides an overview of the many modern strategies for dealing with known pr... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5516946 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5516946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433774&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.853 AbstractBecause the authoritarian personality was introduced to explain the rise of fascism during World War II, research focused on its ability to predict prejudice, leaving its associations with well‐being largely unexplored. Studies that did examine these associations yielded inconsistent results, and some authors even argued that authoritarianism buffers against the negative effects of psychological vulnerability factors (i.e. D‐type personality) and negative life events on well‐being, especially among people in an authoritarian environment. Using a cross‐sectional community sample (N = 1010), Study 1 failed to support the idea that authoritarianism relates to depressive symptoms and buffers against the negative effects of D‐type personality on depressive symptoms. Using ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433774 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5424476&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.855 AbstractWhy do some people see their glass as half‐empty rather than half‐full or even imagine that the glass will be filled in the future? Experimental methods can illuminate how individual differences in information processing style can profoundly impact mood or even result in disorders such as depression. A computerized cognitive bias modification intervention targeting interpretation bias in depression via positive mental imagery (CBM‐I) was evaluated by investigating its impact on mental health and cognitive bias compared with a control condition. Twenty‐six depressed individuals completed either positive imagery‐focussed CBM‐I or a control condition daily at home over one week. Outcome measures were collected pre‐treatment and post‐treatment and at two‐week follow�... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5424476 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5424476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412346&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.857 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412346 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412345&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.856 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412345 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5412344&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.852 AbstractUsing large Internet samples, we examined the possible influence of sociodemographic factors on the Chinese self‐concept and in particular, on the level of narcissism. We found that (i) younger persons are more narcissistic than older ones; (ii) persons from higher socioeconomic classes are more narcissistic than those from lower socioeconomic classes; (iii) persons from only‐child families are more narcissistic than those from families with multiple children; (iv) persons from urban areas are more narcissistic than those from rural areas; and (v) individualistic values are predictive of individual differences in narcissism. The findings suggest that sociocultural changes contribute to the rise of narcissism in China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Europ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5412344 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5412344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317737&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.850 We present a core‐concept model (CCM) suggesting that stimulus centrality is an important factor in category representations in implicit measures. We tested the hypothesis that idiographic stimuli (first name, birthday) are more central and therefore assess self‐concept in Implicit Association Tests (IATs) more validly than generic and nonspecific stimuli (me, you). Superior validity of the idiographic variant emerged across three different domains of self‐concept. First, an idiographic self‐esteem IAT displayed higher correlations than a generic IAT with self‐assessments and observer‐assessments of self‐esteem. Second, an idiographic body scheme‐IAT predicted subjective ratings of body image and objective body‐mass index. Third, an idiographic aggressiveness‐IAT had hi... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317737 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288614&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.846 AbstractAccording to the response styles theory, rumination is a cognitive response to a stressor with repetitive and self‐focused attention on a negative mood state. The attentional disengagement theory highlights that attentional processes are critical, underlying individual differences in ruminative thinking, such as reflective pondering and depressive brooding. Using a prospective design, the current study sought to determine whether attentional control for negative material was differently associated with brooding and reflection upon life stress. Spanning a period of three months, 76 never depressed undergraduate students completed a baseline measurement of attentional bias by using an emotional modification of the exogenous cueing task (T1) and subsequently, six weeks after T1, com... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288614 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288613&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.847 AbstractThe aim of this paper was to understand why some people experience certain emotions in a specific situation, whereas others do not. We postulate that these individual differences arise from individual differences in two underlying processes of emotion elicitation: (i) individual differences in the emotion components (appraisals and action tendencies) that situations activate in a person and (ii) individual differences in how these emotion components are related to subjective emotional experience. In this paper, we re‐analysed data from two studies on anger to capture the structure of these two types of individual differences by using clustering modelling techniques. Consistent results across the two studies demonstrated that individuals differ in anger because they (i) differ in ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288613 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5317736&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.848 AbstractPeople are able to assess some personality traits of others based on videotaped behaviour, short interaction or a photograph. In our study, we investigated the relationship between body odour and the Big Five personality dimensions and dominance. Sixty odour samples were assessed by 20 raters each. The main finding of the presented study is that for a few personality traits, the correlation between self‐assessed personality of odour donors and judgments based on their body odour was above chance level. The correlations were strongest for extraversion (.36), neuroticism (.34) and dominance (.29). Further analyses showed that self–other agreement in assessments of neuroticism slightly differed between sexes and that the ratings of dominance were particularly accurate for assessme... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5317736 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5317736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5307006&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.851 AbstractIn an experimental study (N = 186), we examined the effect of identity (gender versus personal) on participants' self‐rated neuroticism and estimates of mean neuroticism for men and women. Self‐rated neuroticism was measured before and after the identity salience manipulation. Following self‐categorization theory, we predicted that identity salience would affect levels of self‐rated neuroticism and the estimates (perceptions) of mean neuroticism for each sex. From a personality perspective, we expected substantial correlations between pre‐manipulation and post‐manipulation neuroticism scores in both identity conditions. The relation between participants' self‐rated neuroticism and their estimates of mean neuroticism for their own sex was also examined. The effect ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5307006 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5307006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288612&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.849 AbstractWe linked seven‐year‐old children's personality (n = 406), as rated by both teachers and parents, to a wide array of cognitive ability measures. Besides (i) providing descriptive data on the associations between childhood personality and cognitive ability, we (ii) investigated the benefits of having multiple informants provide personality ratings and (iii) examined the recent proposition that the general factor of intelligence be partialled out of associations between personality and narrower domains of intelligence. In a regression model, the shared variance of teacher and parent ratings of personality explained 14% of the variance of cognitive ability. Both teacher and parent ratings of Openness to Experience (O) were positively associated with cognitive ability, and both... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288612 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5277112&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.845 AbstractDo political preferences reflect individual differences in interpersonal orientations? Are conservatives less other‐regarding than liberals? On the basis of past theorising, we hypothesised that, relative to individuals with prosocial orientations, those with individualistic and competitive orientations should be more likely to endorse conservative political preferences and vote for conservative parties. This hypothesis was supported in three independent studies conducted in Italy (Studies 1 and 2) and the Netherlands (Study 3). Consistent with hypotheses, a cross‐sectional study revealed that individualists and competitors endorsed stronger conservative political preferences than did prosocials; moreover, this effect was independent of the association between need for structur... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5277112 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5277112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090531&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.841 AbstractWe propose a model of impulsivity that predicts both domain‐general and domain‐specific variance in behaviours that produce short‐term gratification at the expense of long‐term goals and standards. Specifically, we posit that domain‐general impulsivity is explained by domain‐general self‐control strategies and resources, whereas domain‐specific impulsivity is explained by how tempting individuals find various impulsive behaviours, and to a lesser extent, in perceptions of their long‐term harm. Using a novel self‐report measure, factor analyses produced six (non‐exhaustive) domains of impulsive behaviour (Studies 1–2): work, interpersonal relationships, drugs, food, exercise and finances. Domain‐general self‐control explained 40% of the variance in domain... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090531 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032593&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.838 AbstractToxoplasmosis is associated with specific differences in the personality of infected subjects relative to non‐infected subjects. These differences are usually considered to be a side effect of the manipulative activity of the parasite aimed to increase the probability of its transmission from the intermediate host to the definitive host by predation. The personality of infected subjects was studied mostly using the Cattell's questionnaire. However, this questionnaire is now considered outdated and has been mostly substituted with the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO‐PI‐R) questionnaire in clinical practice. Here, we searched for the association between toxoplasmosis and the personality by screening a population of students with the NE... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032593 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5032593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013197&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.837 AbstractRecent research on men's dominance perception suggests that the extent to which men perceive masculine men to be more dominant than relatively feminine men is negatively correlated with measures of their own dominance. In the current studies, we investigated the relationship between indices of women's own dominance and their perceptions of other women's facial dominance. Women's own height and scores on a dominance questionnaire were negatively correlated with the extent to which they perceived masculine women to be more dominant than relatively feminine women. In follow‐up studies, we observed similar individual differences when (i) women separately judged other women's social and physical dominance, suggesting that individual differences in women's dominance perceptions general... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013197 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5229324&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.844 AbstractValues and beliefs (or social axioms) are important personality constructs, but little previous work has examined the relationship between the two, and none has examined their real‐life longitudinal effects on one another. Major life transitions—such as moving to a new culture—can challenge existing values and beliefs and therefore provide a particularly useful context for the analysis of value and belief change. The main aim of this research was to examine whether values may predict theoretically meaningful belief change and vice versa. Polish migrants participated in the study shortly after their arrival in the UK and at two, subsequent, nine‐month intervals (N = 172). Cross‐lagged effects suggested reciprocal effects of values and beliefs, depending on the value in... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5229324 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5229324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5149757&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.842 AbstractThe present study aimed at contributing to the understanding of social disparities in relation to students' academic achievement in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics domains. A sample of n = 321 German 11th graders completed measures of their family socio‐economic status (SES), general intelligence, domain‐specific ability self‐concepts and subjective scholastic values in math, physics and chemistry. Students' grades in these subjects received four months after testing served as criteria. Significant mediation effects were found for all motivational variables between fathers' SES and students' achievement, whereas for mothers' SES, only children's academic self‐concept in chemistry was a significant mediator. These results also held when students' gen... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5149757 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5149757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5090530&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.843 AbstractThe present research investigated the antecedents of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent forms) in both men and women toward own and other gender. In two heterogeneous adult samples (Study 1: N = 179 and Study 2: N = 222), it was revealed that gender itself was only a minor predictor of sexist attitudes compared with the substantial impact of individual differences in general motivated cognition (i.e., need for closure). Analyses further showed that the relationship between need for closure and sexism was mediated by social attitudes (i.e., right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), which were differently related to benevolent and hostile forms of sexism. In the discussion, it is argued that sexism primarily stems from individual difference... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5090530 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5090530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5072790&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.831 AbstractWe proposed two distinct understandings of what justice means to victims and what its restoration entails that are reflected in individual‐level justice orientations. Individuals with a retributive orientation conceptualize justice as the unilateral imposition of just deserts against the offender. In contrast, individuals with a restorative orientation conceptualize justice as achieving a renewed consensus about the shared values violated by the offence. Three studies showed differential relations between these two justice orientations and various individual‐level values/ideologies and predicted unique variance in preferences for concrete justice‐restoring interventions, judicial processes and abstract justice restoration goals. The pattern of results lends validity to the un... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5072790 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5072790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5065684&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.835 AbstractCommentators generally found our exposition of the concept of heritability helpful for psychologists, suggesting that we largely accomplished our primary goal. Many provided supplemental and helpful perspectives on concepts we addressed. A few of the comments indicated that we may not have been completely successful in making clear our secondary goal, which was to outline how heritability estimates confound a plethora of influences. In this response, we thus emphasize that we do not claim that specific kinds of complexity, or, even worse, intractable complexity, pervade the genetics of behavioural traits. Rather, our claim is that genetics is riddled with complexity of many degrees and kinds, and heritability is a poor indicator of either degree or kind of underlying genetic comple... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5065684 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5065684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5065683&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.834 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5065683 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5065683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5065682&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.836 AbstractGenetic influences on behavioural traits are ubiquitous. When behaviourism was the dominant paradigm in psychology, demonstrations of heritability of behavioural and psychological constructs provided important evidence of its limitations. Now that genetic influences on behavioural traits are generally accepted, we need to recognise the limitations of heritability as an indicator of both the aetiology and likelihood of discovering molecular genetic associations with behavioural traits. We review those limitations and conclude that quantitative genetics and genetically informative research designs are still critical to understanding the roles of gene‐environment interplay in developmental processes, though not necessarily in the ways commonly discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5065682 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5065682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5065681&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.833 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5065681 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5065681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867397&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.827 AbstractThree studies investigated the correspondence between implicit and explicit self‐concepts of intelligence and how that correspondence is related to performance on different intelligence tests. Configurations of these two self‐concepts were found to be consistently related to performance on intelligence tests in all three studies. For individuals who self‐reported high intelligence (high explicit self‐concept), a negative implicit self‐concept (measured with the Implicit Association Test) led to a decrease in performance on intelligence tests. For participants whose self‐report indicated a low self‐concept of intelligence, positive automatic associations between the self and intelligence had a similar effect. In line with a stress hypothesis, the results indicate that ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867397 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5054607&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.840 AbstractIn cross‐national studies, mean levels of self‐reported phenomena are often not congruent with more objective criteria. One prominent explanation for such findings is that people make self‐report judgements in relation to culture‐specific standards (often called the reference group effect), thereby undermining the cross‐cultural comparability of the judgements. We employed a simple method called anchoring vignettes in order to test whether people from 21 different countries have varying standards for Conscientiousness, a Big Five personality trait that has repeatedly shown unexpected nation‐level relationships with external criteria. Participants rated their own Conscientiousness and that of 30 hypothetical persons portrayed in short vignettes. The latter type of rating... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5054607 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5054607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5043675&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.839 AbstractAccording to the proposal of the general factor of personality (GFP), socially desirable personality traits have been selected for throughout evolution because they increase fitness. However, it remains unknown whether people high on this factor actually behave in socially desirable ways or whether they simply endorse traits of positive valence. We separated these two sources of variance by having 619 participants respond to 120 personality adjectives organised into 30 quadruples balanced for content and valence (e.g. unambitious, easy‐going, driven and workaholic tapped the trait achievement‐striving). An exploratory six‐factor solution fit well, and the factors resembled the Big Five. We subsequently extracted a higher‐order factor from this solution, which appeared simil... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5043675 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5043675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032592&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.830 AbstractContributions in the public goods game—a classical social dilemma situation—have been shown to depend strongly on the presence versus absence of punishment or sanctions for free riders. Also, there appear to be noteworthy individual differences in the degree to which decision makers cooperate. Herein, we aimed to bring these two lines of research together. Firstly, we predicted that both presence of punishment and high dispositional Honesty–Humility (as conceptualized in the Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness to experience model of personality) should yield higher contributions. Secondly, and more importantly, we expected an interaction, such that only those low in Honesty–Humility would condition their behaviour on th... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032592 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5032592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5013196&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.832 AbstractThis project investigates how stressful events are related to deviations from normative temperament development during adolescence. Temperament traits were assessed at ages 11 and 16 years. Life‐event data was captured using an interview (total n = 1197). Normative changes were found in all traits. A linear trend was found between the experience of stressful events and temperament development. Adolescents exposed to stressful events showed smaller decreases in fear and shyness, stronger decreases in effortful control and affiliation and smaller increases in high intensity pleasure. Exposure to stressful events was related to increases in frustration instead of decreases. Our results show that whereas normative development is mostly in the direction of maturation, adolescent... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5013196 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5013196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4907202&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.829 This study of university students (n = 357) and community adults (n = 223) examined personal standards (PS) and evaluative concerns (EC) higher‐order dimensions of perfectionism that underlie several measures from three different theoretical frameworks. In both students and community adults, confirmatory factor analyses supported PS perfectionism and EC perfectionism higher‐order latent factors. In relation to the revised NEO Personality Inventory, PS perfectionism was primarily related to conscientiousness and achievement striving. In contrast, EC perfectionism was primarily related to neuroticism, and lower positive emotions, trust and competence. EC perfectionism accounted for unique variance in current depressive and anxious symptoms over and above the five‐factor domain ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4907202 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4907202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4888137&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.826 AbstractThe influence of stable individual differences on behaviour need not solely rely upon deliberative processes but can also be exerted through automatic associative processes. In this contribution, three studies that illustrate the role of individual differences in automaticity are presented in the domain of helping behaviour. The first study provides evidence both for a double dissociation and for an additive pattern of implicit and explicit measures in predicting relevant altruistic behaviours. The subsequent two studies show that when the concept of altruism is subliminally primed, individual differences in implicit attitudes significantly predict behaviour. The results are in line with the gatekeeper model, and their implications are discussed focusing on the key role of individu... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4888137 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4888137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867396&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.828 This study investigated the mediating effects of partner‐reported conflict resolution styles among the attachment dimensions of avoidance and anxiety, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 207 heterosexual couples. Dyadic and structural aspects of mediation were tested using the Actor–Partner Mediator Model with latent variables. Few significant partner‐related meditational pathways were found indicating compensating effects of positive problem solving and compliance. More frequent positive problem solving could improve relationship satisfaction, even when the partner showed higher scores on anxious attachment. In addition, the use of compliance could suppress the negative effects of attachment avoidance on partner's relationship satisfaction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867396 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602886&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.825 AbstractFive‐year longitudinal data on a cohort of early to middle adolescents (N = 923) and a cohort of middle to late adolescents (N = 390) were used to examine the correlates of hypermaturity (i.e. 12‐year‐olds with a personality profile resembling the profile of an average 20‐year‐old) and immaturity (i.e. 20‐year‐olds with a personality profile resembling the profile of an average 12‐year‐old) of personality. Analyses revealed that girls with high levels of hypermaturity exhibited high levels of internalizing problem behaviour and conflict with parents, while hypermaturity in boys was only associated with internalizing problems. Immature girls had low levels of anxiety and high levels of minor delinquency, whereas immature boys reported low levels of anxiety ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602886 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602885&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.822 We examined associations between Five Factor Model personality traits and various outcomes of reproductive behavior in a sample of 15 729 women and men from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) survey. Personality and reproductive history was self‐reported in adulthood (mean age: 53 years). High extraversion, high openness to experience, and low neuroticism were associated with larger number of children in both sexes, while high agreeableness and low conscientiousness correlated with larger offspring number in women only. These associations were independent of marital status. There were also more specific associations between personality and timing of childbearing. The findings demonstrate that personality traits of the Five Factor M... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602885 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602884&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.823 AbstractIndividuals like their name letters more than non‐name letters. This effect has been termed the Name Letter Effect (NLE) and is widely exploited to measure implicit (i.e. automatic, unconscious) self‐esteem, predominantly by means of the Initial Preference Task (IPT). Methodological research on how to best administer the IPT is, however, scarce. In order to bridge this gap, the present paper assessed the advantages and disadvantages of different types of IPT administrations with two meta‐analyses (k = 49; N = 11,514) and a follow‐up experiment (N = 449). As a result, a new type of administration is recommended which (1) treats the effects of the first and the last name initials separately, (2) uses a duplicate administration for reliability reasons, (3) uses the... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602884 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563007&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.821 AbstractDisinhibition (vs. Constraint; DvC), which has been shown to represent a central aspect of the externalizing domain, consists of several correlated but distinguishable underlying traits, which may have different patterns of association with various externalizing indicators. In a sample of 18‐ to 19‐year old undergraduate students (N = 430; 71.1% female), we examined the specificity and generality of the association between lower order components of DvC and both aggression and alcohol use, externalizing‐related behavioural constructs that have well‐established links to DvC. All three components of DvC—including Disagreeableness, low Self‐Control and low Accomplishment—were associated independently with Reactive Aggression, but only Disagreeableness was correlated s... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563007 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4563007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563006&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.820 This study investigated the role of adolescents' cognitive ability, personality traits and school success in predicting later criminal behaviour. Cognitive ability, the five‐factor model personality traits and the school grades of a large sample of Estonian schoolboys (N = 1919) were measured between 2001 and 2005. In 2009, judicial databases were searched to identify participants who had been convicted of misdemeanours or criminal offences. Consistent with previous findings, having a judicial record was associated with lower cognitive ability, grade point average, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and higher neuroticism. In multivariate path models, however, the contributions of cognitive ability and conscientiousness were accounted for by school grades and the effect of neurotic... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563006 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4563006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563005&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.817 AbstractWe argue that noncontingent, unconditional self‐esteem is not optimal but defensive. We introduce the concept of intrinsic contingency, where self‐esteem is affected by whether one's actions are self‐congruent and conducive to personal growth. Whereas external contingencies, especially social and appearance, were negatively correlated with authenticity, self‐compassion, and personal well‐being, intrinsic contingencies were positively correlated with these measures, and uncorrelated with aggression and self‐esteem instability. Participants with high intrinsic contingency rated higher on measures of psychological adaptiveness than noncontingent participants. In addition, we distinguish upward from downward contingencies, the latter being more harmful in case of external c... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563005 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4563005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4785031&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.824 AbstractDrawing from self and peer reports of personality, the present study compares the structures of the HEXACO and Eysenck models of personality and the models' capacity to predict self reported acts of delinquency. Correlations amongst scales revealed that Psychoticism captures elements of both HEXACO Emotionality and Conscientiousness. The Eysenck Lie scale correlated positively with both self and peer reported HEXACO Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness, suggesting that this validity scale includes substantive variance relating to the latter factors. Regression analyses of personality data from both rater sources revealed that Honesty–Humility and Psychoticism were strong predictors of delinquency that independently offered substantial incremental validity. For self reports, t... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4785031 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4785031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647665&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.816 AbstractIn this brief commentary, the author discusses the PERSOC framework and the five empirical papers in this issue. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647665 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647664&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.819 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647664 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4647664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4486120&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.815 This study examines the relationships between intrinsic/extrinsic aspirations and subjective well‐being (SWB; positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life) in a sample of 583 Spanish adults. Firstly, the results showed that high scores for SWB are related to high scores for intrinsic aspirations and, to a lesser extent, to low scores for extrinsic aspirations; it was also found that intrinsic aspirations are mainly related to positive indicators of well‐being, whereas extrinsic aspirations are mainly associated with negative indicators. Secondly, the study also enabled exploration of the links between the domains of the Five‐Factor Model and aspirations; thirdly, the results showed that intrinsic/extrinsic aspirations predict SWB beyond the Five Factors. The results demon... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4486120 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4486120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4365862&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.810 AbstractThe study presents the superordinate structure of personality measured by the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (ICID) and its links with behavioural approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS), problem behaviour and family environment measures in parent reports of 1780 Russian children aged 3–17 years and 573 adolescent self‐reports. Two higher‐order factors, α comprising Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism (reversed), and β comprising Openness, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability, were confirmed across gender and age. Structural model linking BAS with α and BIS with β was supported. α was negatively associated with externalising problems and β was negatively related to internalising problems. The links with fa... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4365862 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4365862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602883&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.818 AbstractAlthough theorists have repeatedly emphasized that emotional intelligence should be linked to relationship quality, little empirical research has systematically examined emotional intelligence in romantic relationships using appropriate dyadic designs and analyses. The present research investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and aspects of relationship quality (satisfaction, closeness and commitment). Study 1 was conducted online with 191 heterosexual couples. We found that a person's perceptions of relationship quality were predicted not only by that person's emotional intelligence, but also by the relationship partner's emotional intelligence. In Study 2, these positive actor and partner effects of emotional intelligence on relationship satisfaction and close... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602883 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4563004&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.814 AbstractThis paper highlights the importance of considering two facets of the content of internal conflicts: The concrete subject theme of the conflict and the abstract motivations that people perceive as being conflicted (e.g. values implicated in the conflict). The paper demonstrates how personal value priorities contribute to the understanding of internal conflicts. In two studies I examined the relationship between values and the content of internal conflicts. In Study 1 (N = 250), students described a central conflict that they were experiencing and analysed the values they perceived as opposing in their conflict. Results indicated that the reported conflicts were usually between values not conceptualized as motivationally opposite to each other. Furthermore, personal value priori... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4563004 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4563004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4486119&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.813 AbstractA new approach to the construction of short questionnaires is introduced: ‘comprehensive single items’ (CSI) are developed with the intention to match expert descriptions of a construct as closely as possible. Based on this idea, a 60‐item questionnaire, the ‘Short Five’ (S5) is constructed for measuring 30 facets of the Five‐Factor Model. Studies in Estonian, Finnish, English, and German showed that the S5 domain scales had correlations over 0.8 with their counterparts in longer questionnaires, and that the factor structure was similar to that of the normative US NEO‐PI‐R sample. The S5 can be recommended for large‐scale studies where participants' time is limited. The CSI approach can be successfully used in short scale development, in addition to more tradition... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4486119 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4486119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4402466&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.812 AbstractThis person‐centred study investigated the longitudinal patterns of vocational identity development in relation to personality, the development of well‐being, gender, nationality and the attended school track among two cohorts of Swiss adolescents in 8th or 9th grade (N = 269) and in 11th or 12th grade (N = 230). The results confirmed the existence of four identity statuses, namely, achievement, foreclosure, moratorium and diffusion. Forty‐two per cent of students showed progressive patterns of identity development, while 37% remained in their identity status over time. Students with different statuses and status change patterns differed significantly in their personality traits. Higher neuroticism related to the emergence of identity exploration over time, while cons... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4402466 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4402466 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4365863&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.809 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4365863 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4365863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4365861&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.811 AbstractThe interplay of personality and social relationships is as fascinating as it is complex and it pertains to a wide array of largely separate research domains. Here, we present an integrative and unified framework for analysing the complex dynamics of personality and social relationships (PERSOC). Basic principles and general processes on the individual and dyadic level are outlined to show how personality and social relationships influence each other and develop over time. PERSOC stresses the importance of social behaviours and interpersonal perceptions as mediating processes organized in social interaction units. The framework can be applied to diverse social relationships such as first encounters, short‐term acquaintances, friendships, relationships between working group member... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4365861 Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4365861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4283203&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.805 AbstractIt has been shown that optimists tend to rely more on their prior expectations than sensory input when making decisions of an intense nature (Geers & Lassiter, 2002). We investigated the degree to which this tendency persists over a range of discrepancies between prior cues and actual stimuli. Eighty‐seven participants were shown a subset of happy, sad and fearful pictures drawn from the Ekman facial expressions of emotion (Ekman & Oster, 1979). Each picture was preceded by a verbal cue indicating the impending emotional expression and intensity. The displayed pictures were either in agreement, slightly discrepant or very discrepant with the cue. Participants rated the extent to which they agreed/disagreed with the expectation cue. Probit signal detection models were used... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4283203 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4283203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4283202&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.807 AbstractPrevious research showed that in the individualistic culture, adults endorse the personal more than the general belief in a just world (PBJW vs. GBJW). Comparatively little is known about the prevalence character and adaptive functions of GBJW, especially in the collectivistic culture. We conducted three surveys among the Chinese adults and adolescents. We found that (1) Chinese adults and adolescents endorsed more GBJW than PBJW; (2) Adult survivors with high exposure to post‐earthquake trauma and adolescents in the poverty‐stricken area maintained high GBJW, with relatively lower PBJW. (3) GBJW predicted the psychological resilience in all the three samples independent of PBJW. The results imply that in contrast to populations from the individualistic culture, people from the... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4283202 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4283202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4283201&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.803 AbstractUsing a dyadic design, this longitudinal study with 85 couples examined whether the stress buffering effect of optimism is due to an actual higher availability of social support or to positive illusions about available social support by taking simultaneously the recipients' and the providers' perspective on social support into account. At baseline, optimism and social support from the recipients' and the providers' perspective were assessed. Perceived stress was measured at 3 months follow‐up. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models showed that optimism was prospectively related to lower stress. Social support from the recipients', but not from the providers' perspective, partially mediated this relationship. The results suggest that optimists hold positive illusions about availab... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4283201 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4283201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269569&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.806 AbstractBased on a social relations perspective on mating, the actual and assumed reciprocity of mate choices was studied in a real‐life speed‐dating context. A community sample involving 382 singles aged 18–54 years filled out a questionnaire for the measurement of self‐perceived mate value, sociosexuality, extraversion, and shyness and participated in free speed‐dating sessions. Immediately after each date, choices and assumed choices were recorded. Measures of physical attractiveness and flirting behaviour were obtained by independent observers. Results show that actual mate choices are not reciprocal although people strongly expect their choices to be reciprocated and flirting behaviour is indeed strongly reciprocal. This interesting pattern of results was explained by invest... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269569 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4269569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269568&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.802 AbstractPrevious studies on reciprocity of support in parent–child relationships during adulthood have focused on the needs of the recipient and other characteristics of the relationship, whereas the role of personality characteristics is not yet well understood. In the present research, we explored how prosocial dispositions and prosocial behaviour of both parents and adult children relate to perceptions of their relationship as reciprocal with respect to support. Family social relations models were applied to disentangle general relationship behaviour and perceptions from effects unique to the parent–child relationship. Study 1 demonstrated that results based on ‘conventional’ analytic approaches differed markedly from conclusions drawn from social relations models: the former ap... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269568 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4269568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4269567&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.799 AbstractThe current study investigated the antecedents and consequences of peer‐rated intelligence in a longitudinal round robin design, following previously unacquainted members of small student work groups. Results indicated that peer‐reputations of intelligence were reliable, stable and weakly correlated with objective intelligence. Bias was shown by correlations with interpersonal liking (decreasing across time) and idiosyncratic rating tendencies (increasing across time). Agreement between self‐ratings and peer‐reputations increased over time but was not based on increasing accuracy but on reciprocal associations between self‐ratings and peer‐reputations in the beginning of the acquaintanceship process, and on peer‐reputations predicting changes in self‐ratings later o... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4269567 Sun, 19 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4269567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4251894&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.804 We examined the psychometric properties of an experience‐sampling measure of affect (PANAS) using data from self‐ and peer reports. A multivariate multilevel model was used to assess the reliability of the latent PANAS scales at the within‐ and between‐person level. Findings suggest satisfying internal consistencies for self‐ and peer reports of affective experiences at both levels of analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity of the two affect scales were examined by means of a multilevel multitrait‐multimethod approach (MLM‐MTMM) indicating distinct findings at the within‐ and between‐person level. These findings provide further insights into the structural relations between the two PANAS scales: Whereas positive and negative affect were unrelated at the between‐p... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4251894 Sun, 12 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4251894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4340166&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.808 AbstractUsing data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we examined among 1322 participants with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of depression or anxiety: (i) whether positive and negative life events influence 1‐year course of anxiety and depressive symptoms; (ii) whether personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) predict symptom course and moderate the impact of life events on symptom course; and (iii) whether life events mediate relationships of neuroticism and extraversion with symptom course. Negative life events were predictive of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, while positive life events predicted the course of depressive symptoms only. Personality traits had significant predictive and moderating effects on symptom course, though these effects were rather small.... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4340166 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4340166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4283200&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.801 AbstractThe social axioms system uniquely predicted a large variety of behaviours and preferences. It is suggested that (a) the assistance social axioms provide in predicting the behaviour of others, and (b) the self‐characteristics embedded in the axioms account for this unique prediction ability. Three studies, each pertaining to a different axiom, tested the prediction power of the social axiom regarding two types of behaviours: One that is directly impacted by how others are expected to behave, and another that is more self‐directed. Results consistently revealed a unique contribution of the social axioms over personal characteristics in prediction of behaviours directed by how others are expected to behave, whereas behaviours that are more self‐directed were largely explained by... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4283200 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4283200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147360&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.800 AbstractWe investigated how Justice Sensitivity (JS) shapes the processing of justice‐related information. We proposed that due to frequently perceiving and ruminating about injustices, persons high in JS develop highly accessible and differentiated injustice concepts that shape attention, interpretation and memory for justice‐related information. Three studies provided evidence for these assumptions. After witnessing injustice, persons high in JS attended more strongly to unjust stimuli than to negative control stimuli (Study1) and interpreted an ambiguous situation as less just than persons low in JS (Study2). Finally, they displayed a memory advantage for unjust information (Study3). Results suggest that JS involves the availability and accessibility of injustice concepts as paramet... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147360 Tue, 09 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4147359&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.798 We examined the daily dynamics among self‐concept clarity and identity processes, and their effects on distress, among a sample of 580 Dutch adolescents. Participants completed measures of identity, self‐concept clarity, anxiety and depression at annual intervals; and daily single‐item measures of self‐concept clarity, identity commitments and reconsideration across three 5‐day weeks. We examined (a) cross‐lagged associations of self‐concept clarity to identity commitment and reconsideration and (b) associations of daily fluctuations in self and identity processes to later anxiety and depression. Results indicated that self‐concept clarity and identity commitments influence one another reciprocally across days, and that day‐to‐day fluctuations in identity predicted late... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4147359 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4147359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4113565&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.796 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4113565 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 21:38:02 +0100 4113565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4075961&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.797 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4075961 Mon, 18 Oct 2010 12:10:55 +0100 4075961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4034261&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.793 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4034261 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4034261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3819364&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.786 This study investigated the specificity of indecisiveness compared to trait anxiety. In addition, the predictive validity of indecisiveness for postdecisional problems with regard to choosing a major was examined. A sample of 539 adolescents participated at the beginning of Grade 12 and was followed until the first year in higher education. Factor analyses showed evidence for a differentiation between indecisiveness and trait anxiety. In addition, indecisiveness at the beginning of Grade 12 predicted less commitment to the choice of a major in higher education, which, in turn, predicted less choice stability. The effect of indecisiveness on these postdecisional problems remained significant after controlling for trait anxiety, providing further evidence for the specificity of indecisivenes... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3819364 Wed, 04 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3819364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814940&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.767 This paper exemplifies a secondary data analysis of context-specific differences in children's hyperactivity-impulsivity while controlling for informant-specific effects. Participants were boys and girls from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development whose behaviours were measured in 1st, 3rd and 5th grades. Latent factor models were structured using multi-informant reports including mothers, fathers, teachers and observers. Temporal stability within a context was stronger than cross-context consistency, and the magnitude of longitudinal stability was higher in the home context compared to the school context. Controlling for informant-specific effects resulted in a significantly improved model fit and increased within-context stability. Our findings highlight the importance... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814940 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3814941&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.785 Drawing on evolutionary psychology, social exchange styles were conceptualized in terms of two dimensions of individual differences in approaching exchange relationships: Benefit-seeking and cost-vigilance. In Study 1, a principal components analysis of the Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire (SESQ) in 156 undergraduates confirmed the presence of two dimensions that were very similar to the expected dimensions: Equitable alliance building (EAB) and vigilant alliance management (VAM). The SESQ scales showed good internal consistency and construct validity. Multiple regressions confirmed that social exchange styles were distinct from other personality variables. In Study 2, multilevel modelling conducted on 45 small work groups demonstrated that EAB positively predicted members' subjective ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3814941 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3814941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3937634&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.792 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3937634 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3937634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3901573&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.791 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3901573 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3901573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838960&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.784 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838960 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838959&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.783 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838959 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838958&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.782 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838958 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838957&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.781 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838957 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838956&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.780 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838956 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838955&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.779 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838955 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838954&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.788 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838954 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3801012&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.790 Based on a new theoretical framework - the Social Relations Lens Model - this study examined the influence of personality on real-life attraction at zero acquaintance. A group of psychology freshmen (N = 73) was investigated upon encountering one another for the first time. Personality traits, attraction ratings and metaperceptions were assessed using a large round-robin design (2628 dyads). In line with our model, personality differentially predicted who was a liker and who expected to be liked (perceiver effects), who was popular and who was seen as a liker (target effects), as well as who liked whom and who expected to be liked by whom (relationship effects). Moreover, the influence of personality on attraction was mediated by observable physical, nonverbal and audible cues. Results all... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3801012 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3801012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3774793&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.775 Openness to Experience and Need for Closure (NFC) are dispositional variables related to social-cultural right-wing attitudes. The present study investigated their joint effects. Factor analysis revealed an 'experiential' dimension with high loading openness items, and a 'cognition' dimension with high loadings for most NFC items and about a quarter of the openness item set. The experiential openness items were weakly related to right-wing attitudes, demonstrating little predictive value. Conversely, the cognitive openness and NFC items were powerful predictors of right-wing attitudes, and also played an important role in integrative models, both as a predictor of authoritarianism-based racism and as a mediator of age related increments in right-wing attitudes. It is concluded that right-w... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3774793 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3774793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3770527&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.774 Whether personality differences exist between populations is a controversial question. Even though such differences can be measured, it is still not clear whether they are due to individual phenotypic responses to the environment or whether they have a genetic influence. In a population survey we compared the personality traits of inhabitants of an Italian archipelago (the three Egadi islands; N = 622) with those of the closest mainland population (Trapani area; N = 106) and we found that personality differences between small populations can be detected. Islanders scored significantly lower on the personality traits of openness to experience and extraversion and higher on conscientiousness. We suggest that these personality trait differences could be an adaptive response to a confined soci... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3770527 Tue, 20 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3770527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3770528&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.773 The present study investigated the distinctive effects of global and specific attachment styles on the processing of attachment-figure cues, focusing specifically on the role of cognitive inhibition. We manipulated the temporal accessibility of specific attachment styles and measured automatic inhibitory processes using a negative affective priming (NAP) task presenting positive and negative words. We also measured one's explicit attitude towards the attachment figure. Results showed that specific, but not global, attachment styles influenced the processing of attachment-figure cues. We also found that participants primed with a secure attachment style showed a better inhibition of negative traits than those primed with an insecure style. At the explicit level, the anxious attachment types... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3770528 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3770528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3745569&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.776 Taking sides is one of the reactions available to third parties in handling a dispute. From the perspective of individual differences, this study was aimed at identifying lay third parties' motives for side taking and exploring their relations with the Big Five personality traits. We tested our assumptions using three samples: A Dutch student sample (n = 111), a Dutch employee sample (n = 101) and a Chinese student sample (n = 124). The findings revealed four types of side-taking motives: Moral, relational, reward-approaching and sanction-avoiding motives. The results also showed that individuals' personality traits were relevant to the four types of side-taking motives: Agreeableness was associated with the relational motive for side taking, and intellectual autonomy was associated with t... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745569 Mon, 12 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3745571&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.789 The relationship between self-regulatory capacities and self-esteem as well as well-being is examined by a mediation model that views self-regulation as promoting the development of identity achievement which, in turn, is expected to be associated with well-being. Among secondary school students (Study 1) identity achievement mediated the association between the self-regulatory capacity of attention control and self-esteem. In Study 2 (university students), the mediational effect of identity achievement was found for the relationship between the self-regulatory capacity of action control and well-being. Explicit motives moderated this association. In sum, a firm identity enhances well-being by lending a sense of continuity to one's life. However, explicit motives have a substitution effect... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745571 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3745570&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.778 We tested the hypothesis that a pictorial attitude variant of the Implicit Association Test (PA-IAT) is a valid measure of implicit motives. The PA-IAT aims to capture attitudes towards pictures that are related to implicit motives. In the first two studies, we showed that the pictorial attitude Implicit Association Test (IAT) correlated more highly with non-IAT measures of implicit motives than other IAT variants. In the third study, we established the validity of the PA-IAT experimentally and showed that the pictorial attitude IAT correlated with non-declarative behavioural measures only if implicit motives were aroused. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3745570 Sun, 11 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3745570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3731985&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.777 Following the psycholexical approach, a list of 153 virtue descriptors was selected from a previously constructed list of trait-terms, under the assumption that virtues form a subset of traits. The virtue list was administered to 400 participants (self- and other-raters), who had to indicate the extent to which each term applied to them or to the others. Principal Component Analyses were performed yielding six factors of virtues. In addition, Big Five factors and markers of an external set of virtues were constructed. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to describe the relations between virtues, the Dutch Big Five system and other virtue systems. Compared to the other virtue systems, the present study revealed some additional domains. The overlap found with personality measu... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3731985 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3731985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3437048&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.765 Moral identity affects interpersonal relationships by guiding how people perceive and respond to feedback, evaluate others and select task partners and friends. Self-described principled participants (high scorers on the Integrity Scale) more strongly preferred principled-prototypic others over expedient ones and believed it possible to be more principled in one's beliefs (Study 1), preferred evaluators who regarded them as principled over expedient (Study 2), had friends who saw them as principled and paired up with friends who were themselves principled (Study 3). In contrast, expedient individuals did not display mirror-image reactions but saw merit in being both expedient and principled; they were accepting of any relevant feedback and partner preferences. Moral identity is a key link ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3437048 Sun, 04 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3437048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3437052&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.772 Research has shown that two individual difference dimensions, Right-Wing authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), consistently predict prejudice. Traditionally it has been assumed that RWA and SDO both index generalized dispositions to dislike outgroups and those who differ, and therefore predict prejudice similarly. An alternative approach suggests that RWA and SDO express different motivational bases for prejudice that differentially interact with intergroup conditions to predict prejudice. This was tested by investigating students' reactions to varying descriptions of a bogus immigrant group. As hypothesized, the degree to which RWA and SDO predicted opposition to the immigrants was differentially contingent on the degree to which the immigrants were described as e... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3437052 Sat, 03 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3437052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3437051&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.769 Although much is known about personality and individuals' job performance, only a few studies have considered the effects of team-level personality on team performance. Existing research examining the effects of personality on team performance has found that, of the Big Five factors of personality, Conscientiousness is often the most important predictor. Accordingly, we investigated the criterion validity of lower-level Conscientiousness traits to determine whether any one trait is particularly predictive of team performance. In addition to Conscientiousness, we examined the criterion validity of the other Big Five personality factors. We found that Conscientiousness and its facets predicted team performance. Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism were not predictive of team performan... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3437051 Sat, 03 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3437051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3437050&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.768 We studied initial and long-term outcomes of speed-dating over a period of 1 year in a community sample involving 382 participants aged 18-54 years. They were followed from their initial choices of dating partners up to later mating (sexual intercourse) and relating (romantic relationship). Using Social Relations Model analyses, we examined evolutionarily informed hypotheses on both individual and dyadic effects of participants' physical characteristics, personality, education and income on their dating, mating and relating. Both men and women based their choices mainly on the dating partners' physical attractiveness, and women additionally on men's sociosexuality, openness to experience, shyness, education and income. Choosiness increased with age in men, decreased with age in women and w... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3437050 Sat, 03 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3437050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3437049&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.766 In Study 1, 20 incurious worry reduction motive (IWRM) items were administered to 280 participants along with curiosity and worry scales. With factor analysis, two six-item scales were developed: focus on distress (IWRM-FD) and focus on relief (IWRM-FR). IWRM-FD was associated with wanting positive news about threats, whereas IWRM-FR was related to wanting negative news to be free from further worry. Neither the curiosity nor worry scales predicted wanting information. In Study 2, the IWRM scales were administered to 170 participants along with a coping inventory. IWRM-FD correlated with avoidant-coping, whereas IWRM-FR was associated positively with active-coping and advice-seeking. The results suggest that IWRM-FD reflects a desire to minimize distress, whereas IWRM-FR motivates identify... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3437049 Sat, 03 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3437049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427093&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.762 Research investigating the role of generalized beliefs about the world or worldviews is relatively scarce in the suicide literature. Two studies, using Hong Kong Chinese samples, examined how worldviews, as assessed by the Social Axioms Survey (SAS), were linked with individual vulnerability to suicide. In Study 1, we investigated the relationships of social axioms with various suicide indicators in cognitive, emotional and interpersonal domains, viz., suicidal ideation, negative self-esteem, psychache, burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Results from canonical correlation analysis showed that beliefs along the axiom dimensions of social cynicism, reward for application, and social complexity were linked to these suicide indicators. In Study 2, we tested the interplay of worldviews ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427093 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427095&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.757 Person-situation interactions have attracted researchers' attention for decades. Likewise, the current work focuses on the interaction of honesty-humility and situational conditions in bringing about counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). As such, we introduce perceptions of organizational politics as a situational construct representing an opportunity for CWB. In a sample of N = 148 employees we found that particularly individuals low in honesty-humility were affected by situational circumstances. By contrast, those high in honesty-humility reported practically the same (lower) amount of CWB independent of the level of perceptions of organizational politics. In other words, employees low in honesty-humility were especially likely to condition their behaviour on environmental factors, a r... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427095 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427094&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.756 How people's feelings and interpersonal behaviour change across time can be represented as movements within a core affect and an interpersonal space. To gain insight into the relationship between affect and behaviour dynamics, the present study examined how individual differences in intraindividual variability in core affect relate to those in interpersonal behaviour, and how both are related to personality traits. In an experience sampling study, 63 participants were asked to monitor their core affect during one week and their interpersonal behaviour during another one. The results demonstrated a fairly consistent correspondence between several indices of people's variability in core affect and interpersonal behaviour, indicating that emotional lability also signals behavioural volatility... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427094 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3242088&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.755 The reasons for the positive association between families' background variables, such as parents' education, and children's academic achievement have not fully been clarified yet. The present study investigates children's intelligence and personality as potential mediators. A sample of 580 German high school students (mean age: M = 17.0; SD = 0.7) indicated the highest education of their parents and completed measures assessing their own personality and intelligence. Children's academic achievement was operationalized by grade point average. Children's intelligence, openness to experience and, marginally, conscientiousness partially mediated the association between parents' education and children's academic achievement. Even after controlling for children's intelligence, the mediating effe... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3242088 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3242088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3229909&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.754 In this study we report results of a meta-analysis of studies linking personality to circadian rhythms. A total of 35 independent samples, 96 correlations and 8589 participants were included. Results showed that conscientiousness is the personality dimension that mostly related to morningness (r = .29). Agreeableness was also related to morningness although to a lesser degree (r = .13). Openness to experience, extraversion and neuroticism, contribute to a very small degree (i.e. -.09, -.06 and -.07, respectively). Furthermore, moderation analyses suggested effects of personality measure (big five vs. other) and sample (students vs. workers). Average age of participants had no significant impact on the relationship between morningness and personality, apart from a very trivial influence on ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3229909 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3229909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196075&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.753 Self-ratings of personality predict academic success above general intelligence. The present study replicated these findings and investigated the increment of other-ratings or intentionally distorted self-ratings. Participants (N = 145) had to compile a personality questionnaire twice. First they were given neutral instructions. The second time they were asked to imagine a specific applicant setting. Furthermore, two peers rated each participant. Additionally, verbal, numerical and figural reasoning scores were obtained. Grades on a statistics exam obtained 2 months later served as the criterion. Results replicated prior findings and showed incremental validity for self- and other-rated personality, which was stable after controlling for intelligence. Faking had no impact on the domain-sco... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196075 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3196076&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.750 We modelled the associations between the HEXACO dimensions of personality, Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and prejudice towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups (N = 454 undergraduates). Consistent with a Big-Five model, low Openness to Experience predicted RWA and therefore dangerous and dissident group prejudice. As predicted, low Emotionality (and Openness) rather than Agreeableness predicted SDO and therefore derogated and dissident group prejudice. Comparison with meta-analytic averages of Big-Five data supported expected similarities and differences in the association of Big-Five and HEXACO models of personality with ideology. Finally, Honesty-Humility simultaneously predicted increases in RWA but decreases in SDO, and thus opposing eff... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3196076 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3196076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4113567&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.794 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4113567 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4113567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4113566&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.795 Abstract (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4113566 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4113566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3901574&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.758 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3901574 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3901574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838953&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.772 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838953 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838952&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.768 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838952 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838951&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.757 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838951 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838950&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.789 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838950 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838949&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.776 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838949 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838948&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.773 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838948 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838947&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.775 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838947 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838946&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.767 (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838946 Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3838946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3069518&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.749 We examined the association between four temperament traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence of the Temperament and Character Inventory) and childbearing over the life course in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study (n = 1535; 985 women, 550 men). Temperament was assessed when the participants were aged 20-35 and fertility history from adolescence to adulthood was reported by the participants at age 30-45. Discrete-time survival analysis modelling indicated that high childbearing probability was predicted by low novelty seeking (standardized OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.97), low harm avoidance (OR = 0.90; 0.85-0.95), high reward dependence (OR = 1.09; 1.03-1.15) and low persistence (OR = 0.91; 0.87-0.96) with no sex di... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3069518 Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3069518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3069519&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.747 We studied personality influences on accessibility of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli in a sample of 129 students. Self-reports and reports by knowledgeable informants on extraversion, neuroticism, approach temperament and avoidance temperament were combined with a go/no-go lexical decision task that included pleasant, unpleasant and neutral words, and two response modes, manual and vocal. The data were analysed using multilevel modelling. Extraversion and approach temperament predicted faster identification of pleasant words than of neutral and of unpleasant words. Vocal responses took longer than manual responses, but mode of response did not interact with the valence of the words. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3069519 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3069519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3021453&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.746 A Dual Process Model (DPM) approach to prejudice proposes that there should be at least two dimensions of generalized prejudice relating to outgroup stratification and social perception, which should be differentially predicted by Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). The current study assessed the causal effects of SDO and RWA on three dimensions of prejudice using a full cross-lagged longitudinal sample (N = 127). As expected, RWA, but not SDO, predicted prejudice towards 'dangerous' groups, SDO, but not RWA, predicted prejudice towards 'derogated' groups, and both RWA and SDO predicted prejudice towards 'dissident' groups. Results support previously untested causal predictions derived from the DPM and indicate that different forms of prejudice result ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3021453 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3021453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3021452&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.744 The purpose of the current study is to examine whether Block's personality types (i.e. Resilients, Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers) are replicable as developmental trajectories. We applied a Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) framework to five- annual-wave data on a sample of early to middle adolescents (n = 923). Our results showed that Block's Resilients, Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers are indeed replicable as developmental trajectories across adolescence. These developmental types were related to problem behaviour in a similar way as types found in studies using cross-sectional data. As such, Resilients reflected low levels of problem behaviour, Undercontrollers had high levels of delinquency and Overcontrollers had high levels of depression. Implications and suggestions for... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3021452 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3021452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3021451&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.745 Using structural equations modelling, we performed a secondary analysis of the data collected by the Italian Observatory of the North West (Italian national sample, N = 976) to investigate the direct, mediated and moderated relations connecting the Big Five personality factors and perceived personal and societal threat to safety with right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Openness, Conscientiousness and perceived societal threat to safety exerted additive effects on RWA; the relation between Openness and RWA was partially mediated by societal threat to safety and that between societal threat to safety and RWA was moderated by Openness. Limitations and possible developments of this research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3021451 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3021451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3006471&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.748 Scales including positively and negatively worded items usually show an impaired degree of homogeneity. The transformation of unipolar positively and negatively worded items into bipolar items can avoid this disadvantageous effect. The precondition for this transformation is that each pair of items refers to the same topic. It is this topic that serves as the heading of the bipolar item. This scale construction method is demonstrated in the items of the social optimism scale (Schweizer & Schneider, 1997) that comprises unipolar items. The investigation of both the original and the transformed scales in a sample of 808 participants revealed equivalence and a high quality for both scales. Results of an additional sample confirmed the validity of both social optimism scales. Copyright © 2009... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3006471 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3006471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2965671&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.741 In this research, we argue and demonstrate that the association between enacted (un)supportive behaviour and depressive symptoms is a function of the providers' levels of unmitigated communion (UC). UC is characterized by overinvolvement in others' problems, self-neglect and externalized self-evaluation. These characteristics appear to predispose individuals high in UC to experience depressive symptoms. As anticipated, we show that enacted supportive behaviour was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 1 and 2), and enacted unsupportive behaviour was positively associated with depressive symptoms (Study 2), but only among individuals low in UC. Our findings are consistent with the idea that for high UC individuals, enacting supportive behaviour, or not enacting unsupportive ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2965671 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2965671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2910865&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.743 Surprisingly little is known about the suggested mediator role of emotional intelligence and mood-regulation regarding the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Three independent samples were administered to investigate whether EI and mood-regulation served as mediators for subjective well-being beyond personality. Using structural equation modelling, the authors demonstrated the superior role of extraversion and neuroticism in explaining satisfaction with life, happiness, positive and negative affect. Consistent mediation effects were found for the trait meta-mood of repair. Contrary to expectations, the remaining variables (attention, clarity, self-efficacy of affect regulation) did not mediate the relationship between personality and well-being; neither did they sh... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2910865 Tue, 20 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2910865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2849351&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.742 We describe here a new test for dispositional optimism and pessimism in young children, the Parent-rated Life Orientation Test of children (the PLOT) and assess its psychometric properties. Two hundred and twenty one mother-father pairs rated their children's (mean age = 8.1, SD = 0.3 years) dispositional optimism and pessimism using a new scale, the PLOT, including four optimism and four pessimism items. We associated the PLOT with parent-rated self-esteem (Behavioral Rating Scale of Presented Self-Esteem in Young Children), social competence (Social Competence and Behaviour Evaluation Scale, the SCBE-30), psychiatric symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist, the CBCL) and temperament (Children's Behaviour Questionnaire, the CBQ) of the child. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the mother... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2849351 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2849351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2817536&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.739 The present study examined how agreeableness and self-efficacy beliefs about responding empathically to others' needs predict individuals' prosociality across time. Participants were 377 adolescents (66% males) aged 16 at Time 1 and 18 at Time 2 who took part at this study. Measures of agreeableness, empathic self-efficacy and prosociality were collected at two time points. The findings corroborated the posited paths of relations to assigning agreeableness a major role in predicting the level of individuals' prosociality. Empathic self-efficacy beliefs partially mediated the relation of agreeableness to prosociality. The posited conceptual model accounted for a significant portion of variance in prosociality and provides guidance with respect to interventions aimed at promoting prosocialit... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2817536 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2817536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2806265&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.740 Inspired by the revised Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) theory the present study probed the association between individual differences in Trait BIS and electroencephalogram indicators of conflict processing/inhibition. Sixty-nine male participants either high or low in Trait BIS completed a Go/No-Go task while the electroencephalogram was recorded. As expected, Trait BIS was associated with the No-Go-anteriorisation of the P300 event-related potential (i.e. an index of response inhibition presumably generated in the dorsal anterior cingulate - an area implicated in conflict processing) and with No- Go-related changes towards left frontal alpha activity (i.e. presumably more activity in right prefrontal cortex - an area implicated in response inhibition). These findings support the role... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2806265 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2806265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2795192&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.733 Egoism is a personality trait that is associated with self-enriching and self-centred behaviours. Research has suggested that egoism lies beyond the Big Five personality factors. Recently, the HEXACO model of personality has been proposed as an alternative to the Big Five model. In three studies, the relation between the HEXACO Personality Inventory and egoism, conceptualized using three different questionnaires (DPQ Egoism, SPI Egotism and the Egoism Scale), is investigated. In all three studies, the HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor scale was the most important predictor of egoism. Additionally, in two studies in which FFM measures were used, the HEXACO Personality Inventory explained more variance in egoism than did the FFPI (Study 2) and the NEO-PI-R (Study 3). Copyright © 2009 John Wile... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2795192 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2795192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764654&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.738 The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of state extraversion on different types of affect. Ninety six participants were instructed to be extraverted or introverted in a 10-minute dyadic discussion. State extraversion had a strong effect on positive affect and smaller (but still strong) effects on pleasant and activated affect, with these latter two effects almost equal in magnitude. This pattern of findings appears to increase confidence that the effect of state extraversion is genuine rather than the result of construct overlap, in that extraversion's effect on positive affect is not dominated by its effect on activated affect. No support for reward sensitivity as a potential explanatory mechanism was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Europea... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764654 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2739937&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.737 The aim of this study was to examine correlates of 'workaholism' components (Work Involvement, Drive, Enjoyment of Work). A cross-occupational sample of 661 Norwegian employees in six different organizations completed a web-based survey measuring 'workaholism', basic needs satisfaction at work and personality. Needs satisfaction at work was positively related to Enjoyment of Work, and negatively to Drive. Conscientiousness was positively related to all 'workaholism' components; Extraversion and Openness to Work Involvement and Enjoyment of Work; and Neuroticism to Drive. Negative relations were found between Neuroticism and Enjoyment of Work, and Agreeableness and Drive. Although the associations were rather weak, the findings give reason to differentiate between enthusiastic and non-enthu... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2739937 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2739937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2673297&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.736 Relations between personality and health-risk behaviours in university undergraduates were examined using multiple measures of personality across multiple samples (N = 1151). Big Five personality variables, at both factor and facet levels, were used to predict three specific health-risk behaviours: (a) tobacco consumption, (b) alcohol consumption and (c) speeding in an automobile. Our findings showed that low Conscientiousness and low Agreeableness were uniformly associated with this cluster of potentially health damaging behaviours. Extraversion was additionally associated with alcohol use. Interaction effects were found between Conscientiousness and Agreeableness on smoking and (for men only) on drinking. Other personality variables not centrally related to the Big Five, such as Risk-Tak... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2673297 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2673297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2614951&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.732 A prospective survey was conducted to identify predictors of university students' grade point average (GPA) using separate samples of female (N = 472) and male (N = 142) students over 9 months. Big five personality traits and achievement motivation were measured. Correlations show that conscientiousness (C) and achievement motivation explained variation in GPA. Latent variable structural equation modelling showed that the effect of C on GPA is fully mediated by achievement motivation for both female and male students. Invariant factor and structural mediation models across the female and male groups are also reported. Finally, the mediation model is shown to remain significant after scholastic achievement is controlled. The findings are interpreted within the framework of Neo-Socioanalytic... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2614951 Sat, 18 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2614951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2614952&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.735 Several personality constructs have been theorised to underlie right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). In samples from New Zealand and Germany (Ns = 218, 259), we tested whether these constructs can account for specific variance in RWA. In both samples, social conformity and personal need for structure were independent predictors of RWA. In Sample 2, where also openness to experience was measured, social conformity and personal need for structure fully mediated the impact of the higher-order factor of openness on RWA. Our results contribute to the integration of current approaches to the personality basis of authoritarianism and suggest that two distinct personality processes contribute to RWA: An interpersonal process related to social conformity and an intrapersonal process related to rigid c... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2614952 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2614952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2582772&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.734 The relationship between the listener's temperament and perceived magnitude of tempo and loudness of music was studied using the techniques of magnitude production, magnitude estimation scaling and cross-modal matching. Four piano pieces were presented at several levels of tempo and loudness. In Study 1, participants adjusted tempo and loudness of music to their subjective level of comfort. In Study 2, participants estimated these parameters on a numerical scale and matched the length of a line segment to the estimates of these musical features. The results showed significant correlations of selected aspects of perceived tempo with perseveration and endurance as well as of selected aspects of perceived loudness with endurance and emotional reactivity. Perceived tempo and loudness, as measu... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2582772 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2582772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2495141&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.731 Employing an experience-sampling design, the interplay between personality states, social roles and major life goals was examined as it unfolds in the stream of people's daily lives. Multilevel analyses revealed a considerable amount of both within- and between-person variability in state expressions of personality traits justifying further examination of predictors at both levels of analyses. Roles proved as predictors of current personality states albeit effects differed significantly between individuals. Life goals accounted for between-person differences in average personality states but were not effective in predicting differences in relations between personality states and roles. Altogether, findings testify to the viability of the employed research strategy to analyse the interplay ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2495141 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2495141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482306&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.728 Recent research reported that general mental ability (GMA) predicted counterproductive work behavior (CWB), whereas some previous studies failed to find such a relationship. We tested occupational homogeneity of the sample and criterion measurement as two potential explanations for these inconsistencies. Study 1 replicated major design features of one previous study, which found no GMA-CWB relation in a heterogeneous sample, with occupationally homogeneous groups. Results confirmed previous null findings, indicating no effect of sample homogeneity. In Study 2, using a controlled laboratory setting, GMA was again unrelated to self-reported CWB, but partially predicted observed CWB negatively. Combined findings suggest that GMA is consistently unrelated to CWB self-reports but may predict ob... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482306 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482308&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.727 The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of a failure experience on the exercise of self-control in goal pursuit. We hypothesized that tonic heart rate variability (tonic HRV), a possible physiological marker of inhibitory capacity, increases the exercise of self-control in the pre- and post-actional phase in goal pursuit after failure. Participants received feedback for an alleged intelligence test and subsequently worked on the same test again. As indicators of exercised self-control, we assessed self-confidence in the pre-actional phase and rumination in the post-actional phase. As hypothesized, tonic HRV was positively associated with pre- and post-actional self-control, even after controlling for the effect of neuroticism. We discuss the implications of our results for the ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482308 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2482307&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.729 This research meta-analytically summarizes the relationships of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) with psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD). Effect sizes of the associations between psychopathy, APD and the FFM were compiled from 26 independent samples (N = 6913) for psychopathy and 57 independent samples (N = 16 424) for APD. The results revealed predominantly points of similarity and some differences in the FFM associations of both disorders. Symptoms of psychopathy and APD were negatively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness facets and positively with scores on Angry-Hostility (N2), Impulsiveness (N5), Excitement Seeking (E5) and negatively with Warmth (E1). Only psychopathy had a small negative association with Anxiety (N1) and was characterized by stronger ne... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2482307 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2482307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2420645&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.721 Data were collected by the members of the Russian character and personality survey from 39 samples in 33 administrative areas of the Russian Federation. Respondents (N = 7065) identified an ethnically Russian adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the target using the Russian observer rating version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Factor analyses within samples showed that the factor structure of an international sample combining data from 50 different cultures was well replicated in all 39 Russian samples. Sex differences replicated the known pattern in all samples, demonstrating that women scored higher than men on most of the neuroticism, openness, a... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2420645 Tue, 19 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2420645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2385228&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.713 Individual differences in threat identification moderate the associations of personality with emotional experience and behaviour. The present two studies examined whether adeptness at threat identification also moderates the associations between personality and emotional processing. Participants completed personality scales, different emotional processing measures and a threat versus non-threat categorization task. Adeptness at threat identification moderated the relations between agreeableness and negative interpretation of ambiguous stimuli, negative reactivity and positive likelihood judgments, and the relation between neuroticism and negative recall. The results supported the view that agreeableness and adeptness at threat identification together form a self-regulation system. The resu... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2385228 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2385228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2336701&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.722 To what extent can individuals gain insight into their own or another person's implicit dispositions' We investigated whether self-perceivers versus neutral observers can detect implicit dispositions from nonverbal behavioural cues contained in video feedback (cue validity) and whether these cues are in turn used as a valid basis for explicit dispositional inferences (cue utilization). Across three studies in the domains of extraversion and anxiety we consistently obtained reliable cue validity and cue utilization for neutral observers but not for self-perceivers. An additional measure of state inferences in Study 3 showed that one reason for the lack of mediation in self-perceivers is their reluctance to use their state inferences as a basis for more general trait inferences. We conclude ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2336701 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2336701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316432&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.720 The present study examined how the effects of three audiotapes containing different types of social comparison information on the mood of cancer patients depended on the level of neuroticism. On the procedural tape, a man and woman discussed the process of radiation therapy, on the emotion tape, they focussed on emotional reactions to their illness and treatment, while on the coping tape they focussed on the way they had been coping. A validation study among 115 students showed that the tapes were perceived as they were intended. The main study was conducted among 226 patients who were about to undergo radiation therapy. Compared to patients in the control group, as patients were higher in neuroticism, they reported less negative mood after listening to the procedural and the coping tape. ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316432 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316435&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.711 Cognitive ability has been shown to moderate the relations between emotional stability and self-reports of well being. The present study examined whether this interaction effect generalizes to non-self-report measures of well being. Male conscripts (N = 152) completed an emotional stability scale and a cognitive ability test. Several indicators of their general adjustment and competence were derived from self- and superior-ratings, a psychiatric interview and from military archives. Cognitive ability moderated the association of emotional stability with both self-report and non-self-report indicators of adjustment and competence. Low emotional stability was related to adverse outcomes only among low cognitive ability individuals. The results support the idea that cognitive ability buffers ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316435 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316434&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.710 Two research lines have dominated the quest for the antecedents of outgroup attitudes. Whereas the first has viewed outgroup attitudes as a result of individual differences, the second stressed the importance of the intergroup situation. In order to investigate the interplay of individual differences and situational characteristics, key predictors of the individual differences perspective (i.e. right-wing authoritarianism or RWA, and social dominance orientation or SDO) and the intergroup relations perspective (i.e. ingroup identification and ingroup threat) were simultaneously tested. Two studies revealed additive but no interaction effects of RWA and SDO, ingroup identification and threat. Additionally, Study 1 showed that threat effects remain limited to the outgroup that is portrayed a... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316434 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2316433&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.709 In this study, 123 participants (non-psychology students) who responded to an interpersonal stress situation staged in the laboratory were judged by unacquainted observers in terms of the Big Five dimensions, intelligence and social attractiveness. Coping behaviour appeared to predict personality impressions in a way that mirrors the relations between personality and coping observed in previous research: Overall, higher levels of Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A), Conscientiousness (C) and Openness to experience (O) (as well as intelligence and social attractiveness) were predicted by problem-focussed behaviour and cognitive restructuring, whereas higher levels of Neuroticism (N) were predicted by withdrawal/passivity. The interpersonal impact of the particular coping reactions, as indic... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2316433 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2316433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2204422&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.708 The present studies examined the moderating role of state motivation on the associations between trait avoidance motivation, risk perception and emotional processing. In Studies 1 and 2, avoidance or approach states were evoked in participants who then completed a risk perception task and a trait avoidance motivation measure. Both studies showed that trait avoidance only correlated with risk perceptions among individuals in approach state. In Study 3, emotional interpretation was measured. State and trait avoidance motivation did not interact in predicting emotional interpretation. The results showed that the effect of state motivation can explain the low correlations found between trait avoidance and risk perceptions, and suggested that the avoidance system may operate on an on-off princi... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2204422 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2204422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2204421&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.707 Effects of self-enhancement and socially desirable responding (SDR) on rater agreement for personality profiles were studied in 304 students. Dyads of participants described themselves and their peer on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) that measures 30 facets of personality. In addition, participants filled in six scales measuring self-enhancement or SDR. Data analyses focussed on moderator and suppressor effects of SDR on the similarity between self-reported and other reported NEO-PI-R profiles. Three kinds of profile agreement were distinguished: (a) normative agreement; (b) distinctive agreement and (c) profile normativeness, that is, how strongly a self-reported personality profile resembled the average profile of all participants. There were no moderator or suppressor ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2204421 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2204421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149422&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.704 The present research addresses the dynamic transaction between extrinsic (occupational prestige, income) and intrinsic (job satisfaction) career success and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants (N = 731) completed a comprehensive measure of personality and reported their job title, annual income and job satisfaction; a subset of these participants (n = 302) provided the same information approximately 10 years later. Measured concurrently, emotionally stable and conscientious participants reported higher incomes and job satisfaction. Longitudinal analyses revealed that, among younger participants, higher income at baseline predicted decreases in Neuroticism and baseline Extraversion predicted increases in income across the 10 years. Results suggest that the mutual influe... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149422 Sun, 01 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2149422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2120781&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.706 No Abstract. (Source: European Journal of Personality) European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2120781 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 07:03:16 +0100 2120781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2086585&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.703 This paper demonstrates the validity and usefulness of a count technique to screen for potential personality dysfunctioning in NEO-PI-R ratings obtained in selection and professional development assessments. The usefulness of this screening technique for Industrial, Work and Organizational (IWO) psychologists is demonstrated in five different samples that were administered the NEO-PI-R for selection or development purposes. Three additional samples served as normative data to compute FFM PD count cut-offs that can be used for selection and career development decisions. Evidence for the construct validity of 6 out of 10 FFM PD counts was provided, and all FFM PD compound scales were significantly related to important criteria, including the final selection decision, the results of a behavio... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2086585 Thu, 08 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2086585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2086586&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.702 Although common knowledge seems to agree that authoritarianism is 'bad to the self', previous studies yielded inconclusive results with respect to the relationship between authoritarianism and mental distress. The present research explores whether the impact of facilitators of mental distress on actual mental distress depends on the level of authoritarianism. Study 1 includes a sample of 132 adults and demonstrated less negative consequences of D-type personality on depression for individuals with high rather than low levels of authoritarianism. Study 2 conducted in a sample of 109 elderly revealed that the effects of negative stressful life events on mental distress were curbed by higher levels of authoritarianism. It is concluded that while previous studies have amply shown that authorit... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2086586 Wed, 07 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2086586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1974461&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.701 Using recent data from the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP), we examined whether national differences in self-esteem across 55 nations are reflected in suicide rates. Results indicate that suicide is especially common in nations with relatively low levels of self-esteem. This relation is consistent across sex lines, age of suicide and independent from several other relevant factors such as economic affluence, transition, individualism, subjective well-being, and neuroticism. These findings provide support for the predictive validity of self-esteem scores as assessed in the ISDP survey. They also contribute to a growing body of research documenting negative consequences associated with low self-esteem. Possible implications for suicide prevention strategies are discussed. ... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1974461 Fri, 21 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1974461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1974462&cid=s_33725_36_f&fid=33725&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fper.698 This survey (N = 224) found that characteristics collectively known as the Dark Triad (i.e. narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) were correlated with various dimensions of short-term mating but not long-term mating. The link between the Dark Triad and short-term mating was stronger for men than for women. The Dark Triad partially mediated the sex difference in short-term mating behaviour. Findings are consistent with a view that the Dark Triad facilitates an exploitative, short-term mating strategy in men. Possible implications, including that Dark Triad traits represent a bundle of individual differences that promote a reproductively adaptive strategy are discussed. Findings are discussed in the broad context of how an evolutionary approach to personality psychology can enhance o... European Journal of Personality journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1974462 Thu, 20 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1974462