MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Evaluation' source. Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:07:44 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278937&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F109%3Frss%3D1 This article addresses the rarely studied aspect of optimal number of patient charts for an acceptable reliable assessment. Fifteen patient charts for each of a group of 20 practicing physicians were independently reviewed by 4 professional peer assessors. Generalizability (G) and decision (D) studies were applied to the data. It appears that as few as 10 patient charts are sufficient for any assessor to obtain a G coefficient of 0.80. Results of the current study suggest the possibility of getting generalizable assessments by peer reviewer with minimal information. These results are not in accordance with the concept of case specificity in which it is claimed that performance on a case is a poor predictor of performance on a different case. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278937 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278936&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F96%3Frss%3D1 Item disclosure is one of the most serious threats to the validity of high stakes examinations, and identifying examinees that may have had unauthorized access to material is an important step in ensuring the integrity of an examination. A procedure was developed to identify examinees that potentially had unauthorized prior access to examination content. A standardized difference score is created by comparing examinee ability estimates for potentially exposed items to ability estimates for unexposed items. Outliers in this distribution are then flagged for further review. The steps associated with this procedure are described and followed by an example of applying the procedure. In addition, the use of this procedure is supported by the results of a simulation that models the use of unauth... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278936 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278935&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F81%3Frss%3D1 In Poland, 38.0% of men and 25.6% of women smoke daily. One method for expanding access to smoking cessation services is through community-based pharmacists. Surveys were administered in 2007—2008 to (a) current smokers, (b) members of a pharmacy association, and (c) pharmacy students in their final year of training. Pharmacists were the highest ranked health professionals to whom Polish smokers reported they would turn for information about pharmacological support for smoking cessation. Most pharmacists (79%) reported their knowledge allowed them to provide basic smoking cessation information to their patients. Pharmacy students reported being more able to provide information about the health consequences of tobacco smoking than to help patients quit smoking (85% vs. 61%). In Poland... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278935 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278934&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F56%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to evaluate the scaling assumptions and component structure of and present normative data for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) using a sample of US adults (N = 503), both overall and across demographic subgroups and (b) to provide new data regarding the relationship between the two RSES subcomponents of self-competence (SC) and self-liking (SL), and other demographic and clinical variables. As hypothesized, all psychometric tests supported the underlying structure of the RSES. Overall RSES scores varied significantly across age, racial and ethnic, education, employment status, income, and marital status groups. Furthermore, differences between SC and SL were also found across groups differing in gender, age, employment status, and marital st... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278934 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278933&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F26%3Frss%3D1 The investigation of the applicability of Alcoholics Anonymous/Narcotics Anonymous (AA/NA) for teens has only been a subject of empirical research investigation since the early 1990s. In the present review, the author describes teen involvement in AA/NA programming, provides an exhaustive review of the outcomes of 19 studies that used an AA/NA model as part of their formal teen substance abuse treatment programs, and provides data on the effects of AA/NA attendance on abstinence at follow-up, on which youth tend to become involved in AA/NA, and on mediation of the benefits of AA/NA participation. In addition, the author suggests the reasons for somewhat limited participation by teens in more informal, community-based 12-step meetings, and makes suggestions for maximizing participation at m... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278933 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278932&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F1%2F12%3Frss%3D1 The Government of Taiwan has imposed a tobacco health tax of NT$5 (US$0.14) per pack of cigarettes since January 2002. The Department of Health has now begun to fund a smoking cessation program that provides nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) and brief counseling by physicians in outpatient clinics. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the smoking cessation program with a 3-year follow-up review implemented at outpatient clinics, which were run by the Family Medicine Department in a medical center, with a total of 772 adult participants. The abstinence rates were 99.7%, 49.2%, 37.7%, 30.2%, and 22.7%, at the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 36-month points, respectively. The frequency of clinic visits is a major factor predicting long-term cessation. The results indicate the need to pursue... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278932 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278931&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F33%2F1%2F7%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278931 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3278930&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F33%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3278930 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 08:39:30 +0100 3278930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028993&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F431%3Frss%3D1 Between 1986 and 2003, research efforts on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) were subsidized by the Dutch government. This led to 12 academic theses and a considerable number of papers in medical journals. In our review, we have summarized the results of this research, grouped by therapeutic category (that is, acupuncture, paranormal therapies, naturopathy, manual therapies, homeopathy and anthroposophical medicine.) Of the 12 theses, four were written in Dutch, three of which were not subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals, while the fourth, on enzyme therapy, led to a number of papers in Dutch medical journals. In three instances, mildly positive findings were reported: on the efficacy of manual therapies, the use of acupuncture analgesia in surgery, and an eliminati... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028993 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028992&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F417%3Frss%3D1 Systematic reviews (SRs) are considered the best tools for summarizing the evidence for or against the effectiveness of health care interventions. The principles and methods of SRs apply equally to both, mainstream and complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). Certain challenges are, however, more commonly encountered in CAM or even specific to it; this article is aimed at raising awareness of these among systematic reviewers. When searching for literature, specific issues relating to specialist databases, indexing, access, foreign language studies, and certain forms of publication bias need to be considered. Researchers also need to be aware of the difficulties of comparing CAM studies and address the variability between studies. CAM modalities are highly diversified and great variations ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028992 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028991&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F410%3Frss%3D1 The deregulation of the marketing of dietary supplements with health claims has increased interest in evaluating the clinical effectiveness of these products. Clinical trials of herbal treatments pose challenges of limited preclinical data, lack of product standardization and characterization, and difficulties of blinding, which are substantially different from those in studies of conventional medications. These issues must be recognized and addressed if studies of herbal remedies are to provide useful information. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028991 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028990&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F393%3Frss%3D1 Acupuncture is one of the most widely used and broadly researched of the complementary and alternative therapies, but high-quality trials generally show no benefit over sham acupuncture. Many would view this result as evidence of ineffectiveness for this intervention. This discussion article focuses on the report of a large multicenter randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for chronic low-back pain (CLBP) in the lay and academic press, the ensuing discussion, and its impact on both clinical practice and service provision. The authors suggest that interpretive bias has affected reporting, leading to questionable conclusions and advocacy in favor of this form of care that may exceed the evidence. They also suggest that a lack of understanding of research into the placebo effect may have... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028990 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028989&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F370%3Frss%3D1 The growing use of complementary and alternative medications (CAM) for cognitive enhancement in both healthy elderly and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementing disorders has led to rapidly growing literature with conflicting results. There are studies that suggest benefit from CAM in both the healthy elderly and dementing patients as well as studies that suggest no benefit for either group. Because of the lack of regulatory oversight (e.g., Food and Drug Administration [FDA], European Medicines Agency [EMeA]), there are currently no generally accepted guidelines to standardize the types of studies that are conducted. Due to the absence of guidelines that set standards for study design, outcomes, and analysis, it is difficult to compare studies with conflicting res... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028989 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028988&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F349%3Frss%3D1 Forty-five complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) efficacy randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from high-impact medical journals (NEJM, JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Archives of Internal Medicine) were reviewed based on their meeting three validity criteria (the existence of a placebo control, moderate attrition rates, and 50 or more participants per group). Of the 26 efficacy trials meeting all three criteria, only 2 (7.7%) were judged to be positive (i.e., the alternative therapy was significantly superior to its placebo control), while over half (55.5%) of the 19 trials that failed to meet one or more of these criteria reported positive results (p < .001). Of the two positive high-validity trials, one was funded and authored by the herbal company marketing the product ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028988 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028987&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F343%3Frss%3D1 Discontentment with the massive violations of the influential Dutch Prime Minister’s (Johan Rudolf Thorbecke) health laws led to the foundation of the Dutch Society Against Quackery, in 1880. Within a few years, the Society had more than 1,100 members. Initially, quackery mostly consisted of the unauthorized practice of medicine and the peddling of industrially manufactured ‘‘secret remedies.’’ Since the 50s however, the energy of the society focused mainly on magnetizers, especially after they gained support from the field of parapsychology, lay manipulators of the back and herb doctors. The most important object of the society since 1980 has been the fight against the so-called alternative medicine, of which Chinese acupuncture, homeopathy, manipulative ther... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028987 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028986&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F4%2F335%3Frss%3D1 The current popularity of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) generates many challenges to medical ethics. The one discussed here is the advice offered by CAM practitioners. Using selected examples, the author tries to demonstrate that some of the advice issued through the popular media or provided by acupuncturists, chiropractors, herbalists, homeopaths, pharmacists, and doctors is misleading or dangerous. This, the author argues, can impinge on the main principle of medical ethics: beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy. We should work toward correcting this deplorable situation. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028986 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:29 +0100 3028986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3028985&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F32%2F4%2F331%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3028985 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 09:03:28 +0100 3028985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729184&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F314%3Frss%3D1 Disparities exist between rural and urban emergency departments with respect to knowledge resources such as online journals and clinical specialists. As knowledge is a critical element in the delivery of quality care, a web-based learning project was proposed to address the knowledge needs of emergency clinicians. One objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of the online environment for knowledge exchange among rural and urban emergency clinicians. Descriptive and content analysis of the online discussion board revealed 202 postings with rural participants contributing the largest number of postings (75%; 152/202). Postings were used to establish a clinical presence (87/202), seek clinical information (52/202), and share clinical information (63/202). Postintervention s... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729184 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729183&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F300%3Frss%3D1 In this study, differences in basic empathy and ethnocultural empathy were explored in a sample of 365 undergraduate students at the beginning and end of four master’s programs in health care (medicine, psychology, nursing, and social work). Results showed that it was mainly psychology students in the first semester who had significantly higher general empathic skills and ethnocultural empathic skills compared to students in the other study programs. Few signs of differences between students in their first and in later semesters were obtained. The observed differences may be explained by (a) levels of admission grades and applications requirements or (b) different cultures and expectations from the surrounding milieus in the investigated study programs. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729183 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729182&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F281%3Frss%3D1 This study introduces the MRR-Conduction Model, which was used to implement a MRR, and examines the IRR between two abstractors who collected preinjury medical and psychiatric, incident-related medical and postinjury head symptom information from the medical records of 47 neurologically injured workers. Results showed that the percentage agreement was ≥85% and the unweighted statistic was ≥.60 for most variables, indicating substantial IRR. An effective and reliable MRR to abstract medical-related information requires planning and time. The MRR-Conduction Model is proposed to guide the process of creating a MRR. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729182 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729181&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F264%3Frss%3D1 The Fennell Phase Inventory (FPI) is an instrument designed to measure phases of the illnesses known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The current study explored how the FPI was related to physical and psychological functioning as well as coping style. Based on FPI scores, 111 adults with ME/CFS were placed in one of three groups: crisis, stabilization, or resolution. Results showed that the crisis group demonstrated significantly worse functioning than at least one other group for depression, quality of life, mental functioning, anxiety, and self-efficacy; and utilized less adaptive coping styles. These results indicate that patients with ME/CFS who are in the crisis phase tend to experience more severe psychological and physical symptoms and utilize poorer c... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729181 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729180&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F249%3Frss%3D1 A cross-sectional survey was carried out on a random sample of Italian physicians through a self-administered questionnaire to describe knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior toward economic evaluations of health interventions. A response rate of 74.1% was achieved (760 questionnaires). Although many physicians show a positive attitude toward cost-minimization and, to a lesser extent, to cost-effectiveness analysis, they rated their methodological knowledge as unsatisfactory, and the professional use of the economic evaluations of the health interventions in clinical practice is quite low. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that adequate knowledge and positive attitudes are associated with increased physicians’ use of health economic evaluations, as well as time de... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729180 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729179&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 This article identifies and describes free and commercial programs for sample size determination. Programs are categorized as follows: (a) multiple procedure for sample size determination; (b) single procedure for sample size determination; and (c) Web-based. Programs are described in terms of (a) cost; (b) ease of use, including interface, operating system and hardware requirements, and availability of documentation and technical support; (c) file management, including input and output formats; and (d) analytical and graphical capabilities. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729179 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729178&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F3%2F207%3Frss%3D1 This article aims to present readers with a practical discussion of how to analyze longitudinal data using the LMMs procedure in the SPSS statistical software package. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729178 Mon, 24 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2729178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2411833&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F2%2F184%3Frss%3D1 This article describes process evaluation methods for the Pool Cool diffusion trial across 4 years. Pool Cool is a skin cancer prevention program that was found to improve behaviors and environments for sun protection at swimming pools in a randomized efficacy trial, which was followed by a national diffusion trial. The process evaluation focus shifted from measuring program satisfaction to assessing widespread program implementation, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and program maintenance and sustainability. Data collection methods include training surveys, database tracking, field coordinator activity logs, e-mails, surveys of parents, lifeguards and pool managers, and process evaluation interviews and site visits. The data revealed high levels of implementation of major pro... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2411833 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2411833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2411832&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F2%2F165%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, this study indicated that the pediatrics clerkship evaluation at the CMMS-AGU has, overall, some acceptable content and internal structure evidence of validity and that the raters are the major source of error. To improve the construct validity, there is a need to increase the number of raters and to train raters about the proper process of clerkship evaluation. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2411832 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2411832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2411831&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F2%2F144%3Frss%3D1 A Dominican Republic (DR)—based multi-community trial of smoking cessation viewed health care workers (HCWs) as potential interventionists. Effectively engaging them requires a clear understanding of their attitudes and practices regarding smoking. A Rapid Assessment Procedure, conducted among HCWs in six economically disadvantaged communities, included physicians, nurses, other health professionals, paraprofessionals, and lay workers. Attitudes and practices about smoking were consistent across the 82 HCWs and mostly reflected community views. HCWs lacked proactiveness related to smoking cessation and had a limited view of their role, attributing clients' quitting successes to personal will. Prior cessation training was limited, although interest was generally high. Material resourc... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2411831 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2411831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2411830&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F2%2F128%3Frss%3D1 The object of this study is to compare the multisource assessments of patient— physician relationship with assessments by their patients at two time points. In this observational study, 1,747 outpatients nested under 64 internists and 70 surgeons are surveyed by face-to-face interview at initial patient— physician visits and then in a telephone interview 2 weeks later. On the first evaluation, physicians' self-assessments are not correlated their patients' assessments. At follow-up, physicians' self-assessments correlated with the perceived improvements in patients' health status (p < .05). We also find a positive association (p < .05) between patient satisfaction with their surgeons and perceived improvements of health status at the 2-week follow-up, suggesting that pati... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2411830 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2411830 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2411829&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F2%2F95%3Frss%3D1 Using the 2005 National Association of County and City Health Officers Profile of Local Health Departments data set, bivariate probit and Heckman selection models were used to test the hypothesis that the level of federal funding received for bioterrorism preparedness is related to the preparedness activities undertaken by local health departments. Overall budget, leadership, and crisis experience are found to be the most important determinants of local preparedness activity, but Centers for Disease Control and Prevention preparedness funding plays a mediating role by building capacity through the hiring of one key leadership position, the emergency preparedness coordinator. Additional research is needed to determine the potential impact of these funds on other aspects of the local public ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2411829 Fri, 15 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2411829 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2193852&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F1%2F69%3Frss%3D1 The treatment of Medicaid enrollees diagnosed with depression or schizophrenia was examined to determine whether adherence to treatment guideline was associated with health care financing strategy, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Individuals in a fee-for-service condition were significantly more likely to receive treatment consistent with guidelines than those in managed care. Mental health costs were higher for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, individuals in an acute phase of illness at intake into the study, and those receiving treatment consistent with practice guidelines. Being in an acute phase of illness and having treatment that comported with recommended practice guidelines were associated with higher total social costs. Policy implications of the findings and r... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2193852 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2193852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2193851&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F1%2F59%3Frss%3D1 This article provides a framework for practical approaches to program planning, evaluation, and sustainability. Joint Commission accreditation functions (chapters) are similar to health program goals. Standards are similar to program objectives. Elements of performance are similar to activities or methods. Scoring comparisons are similar to measures. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2193851 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2193851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2193850&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F1%2F38%3Frss%3D1 The complexities of research in the community mental health sector are seldom acknowledged in existing literature; this article attempts to address this void. It presents the methodological challenges experienced in the longitudinal evaluation of the Housing and Accommodation Support Initiative—a program that supports people with chronic mental illness toward long-term recovery. The evaluation provides a case study for understanding methodological problems in community mental health research, which include working with organizations that experience high staff turnover; staff members who have large caseloads; and clients who have chronic mental illness. Although not applicable to all research designs, the suggested strategies highlight the importance of innovation, flexibility, and ba... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2193850 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2193850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2193849&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F1%2F23%3Frss%3D1 The Pediatric Lead Assessment Network Education Training Program (PLANET) is a peer-to-peer in-person 1-hr lead poisoning prevention educational program for health professionals. This evaluation was designed to determine the impact of the PLANET program. Evaluation methods included analyzing data from PLANET sign-in sheets, evaluation forms, pre/postknowledge tests, claims data, and focus groups (FGs) and interviews (IVs) with PLANET attendees and nonattendees. Claims data were used to compare blood lead testing rates for physicians attending and those not attending a PLANET program. Over 2,000 health professionals attended the 192 PLANET presentations delivered between June 2001 and December 2006; most were registered nurses or physicians. Written evaluations were overwhelmingly positive.... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2193849 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2193849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2193848&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F32%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed the effects of training at an AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC) over an 18-month period. Health care professionals (HCP) who attended more than one training event showed small but significant improvements over time in HIV-related clinical practice behaviors. The type of training also predicted self-reported practice behavior, with interactive trainings and individual consultations associated with greater change, and intensive clinical training activities associated with a faster rate of change but not better scores on the self-reported behavior measure. Participants also reported high levels of satisfaction, knowledge improvement, and intention to change after each training event; however, these results were unrelated to whether trainees actually reported improv... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2193848 Tue, 17 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2193848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1973509&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F4%2F419%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors evaluate the components that contribute to measurement error using this scale. Generalizability theory was used to reveal components of measurement error that allow for better understanding of test results. A major component of measurement error came from inconsistency in performance across the two cadaveric test bones each resident was assigned. In contrast, ratings of performance using the WS1 were highly consistent across raters and rating sessions within raters. The largest source of measurement error was caused by residents' inconsistent performance across bones. Rater disagreement introduced only small error into scores. The WS1 provides small measurement error, with two raters and two bones for each participant. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1973509 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1973509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1973508&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F4%2F404%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the relationship between candidate's proficiency in communication/organization and ability measures derived from judges' oral examination ratings on a medical specialty certification examination. Judges who rated candidates on the oral examination also provided a separate rating for candidates' communication/organization skills. ANOVA was used to examine differences among levels of communication/organizational skills with respect to candidates' ability measures on the oral examination. There was a statistically significant increase in oral examination measures for candidates with higher levels of communication/organization skills. This supports the hypothesis that candidates who were more proficient in organizing and presenting their responses were more likely to ha... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1973508 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1973508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1973507&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F4%2F390%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to identify clinician beliefs about patients who do not adhere to treatment, the clinicians' own beliefs about medicines, and the impact of beliefs on efforts to enhance patient adherence. In total, 292 clinicians responded to an anonymous questionnaire that included questions about their beliefs and their efforts to enhance adherence. Results indicated that clinicians' beliefs about their own adequacy to enhance adherence significantly predicted actual efforts to enhance adherence. Both pessimism about outcomes and empathy for the patient predicted outcome expectancy. It was concluded that enhancing clinicians' beliefs about working with nonadherent patients is a potentially important ingredient in efforts to improve patient adherence. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1973507 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1973507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1973506&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F4%2F370%3Frss%3D1 For meta-analyses of observational epidemiology studies, unadjusted and adjusted study estimates are often extracted. However, there is evidence of selective reporting of adjusted study estimates. We investigate adjustment reporting bias, examining the reasons why some studies do not contribute an adjusted estimate to a meta-analysis. Ten published meta-analyses were re-analysed to assess evidence of adjustment reporting bias and over 100 primary studies were read to investigate why they did not contribute an adjusted estimate to a meta-analysis. Selective reporting of adjusted estimates may lead to a bias in some meta-analyses when adjusted study estimates are not reported because univariate analyses indicated a non-significant effect. We recommend that unadjusted and adjusted study estim... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1973506 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1973506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1973505&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F4%2F335%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the causal effects of CABS, using both conventional methods and a newer method (propensity score analysis) in attempting to account for selection biases (e.g., selecting the "best and the brightest") in estimating the award's impact. The results indicated that grantees outperformed unsuccessful applicants in obtaining a faculty position, competing for an R01 grant, and publishing in prestigious journals. However, it was nearly impossible to remove all the effects of selection bias from estimates of program effects. Because selection bias is a pervasive problem in assessing these programs, recommendations for improving evaluations of similar merit-based programs are offered. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1973505 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1973505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659761&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F323%3Frss%3D1 In this concluding article, the authors describe factors that influence the international translation of programs. These include language, control over the translation process, local normative challenges to translation, program adaptation, and globalization. The authors suggest that systematic efforts at language translation, program adaptation partnership, and compromise are general principals needed to surmount these challenges. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659761 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659760&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F318%3Frss%3D1 This article focuses on malaria as a current major cause of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania. Patients and caretakers have tended to rely on traditional sociocultural practices as a means of treating the convulsions associated with severe malaria in children and often do not seek care at health facilities, therefore, delaying prompt management of the disease. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659760 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659759&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F313%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the effect of cultural differences on translation accuracy outcomes for the translation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (S. R. Hathaway & J. C. McKinley, 1940) into Farsi for use in Iran. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659759 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659758&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F306%3Frss%3D1 This article describes efforts to link people together to address tobacco use cessation among Israeli and Palestinian high-risk youth and provides an overview of a current initiative to demonstrate a smoking cessation model, Project EX, which may contribute to the health of those involved and to societal change in the region. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659758 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659757&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F297%3Frss%3D1 This article provides information on Croatia's general background, current smoking prevalence and attitudes, and current evidence-based smoking prevention efforts. Furthermore, various cultural and contextual conditions within Croatia that facilitate or impede smoking prevention research utilization are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that new research is needed that continues to build on comprehensive research-tested multicomponent prevention initiatives utilizing school-, family-, community-, and mass media—based delivery modalities, which specifically focus on the social influences of smoking. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659757 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659756&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F290%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the sociocultural and economic background relevant to health policy change and smoking cessation initiatives. Recommendations are made for effective Bulgarian tobacco control. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659756 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659755&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F282%3Frss%3D1 Bashkortostan is a republic in the Russian Federation with a population of 4.1 million. As with other health behaviors, the prevalence of seat belt use is low, which may account in part for the very high rate of motor-vehicle-related mortality in this republic. The authors discuss the need and potential for translating seat belt promotion programming from other Russian regions and other countries to Bashkortostan. The authors conclude that current policies developed in other countries could work well in the republic, if they are enforced. Meanwhile, initiatives such as the Sakhalin Road Safety Partnership offer great potential for translation in Bashkortostan as well as in other regions with similarly low seat belt use prevalence. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659755 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659754&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F272%3Frss%3D1 This article considers the plausibility of application of general principles of alcohol policy translated in the Russian Federation. We conclude that alcohol policy approaches could be implemented in the same ways as they have been in other countries. In addition, there should be special attention to decreasing distilled spirits consumption, illegal alcohol production, nonbeverage alcohol consumption, and enforcement of current governmental regulations. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659754 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659753&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F258%3Frss%3D1 This study describes the establishment, promotion, and preliminary findings of a peer-led smoking cessation quitline for Chinese youth smokers in Hong Kong. The Youth Quitline targeted Chinese smokers aged 12 to 25, who smoked at least one cigarette in the past 30 days and were willing to leave telephone numbers for follow up. The protocol was translated from the California Smoker's Helpline and we provided toll-free telephone counseling based on motivational intervention with multiple follow-up sessions for smokers who called the service. By intention-to-treat analysis, 55% reported at least one quit attempt, and the quit rate was 22.1% (self-reported 7-day point prevalence) or 17.5% (self-reported 30-day point prevalence). The Hong Kong Youth Quitline, along with enforcement of the antis... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659753 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659752&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F3%2F245%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the translation of a harm minimization cessation program for teens, the Smoking Cessation for Youth Project (SCYP), derived from an approach developed with adults. In addition, the article describes the unique sociopolitical context of Australia in which the SCYP program was developed and the significant conceptual, contextual, and methodological factors that enabled and limited this program's effective implementation and translation. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659752 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1659751&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F31%2F3%2F243%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1659751 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1659751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409073&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F31%2F2%2F240%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409073 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409072&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F226%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the SFP theory and research and a recommended cultural adaptation process. Challenges in international dissemination of evidence-based programs (EBPs) are discussed based on the results of U.N. and U.S. governmental initiatives to transport EBP family interventions to developing countries. The technology transfer and quality assurance system are described, including the language translation and cultural adaptation process for materials development, staff training, and on-site and online Web-based supervision and technical assistance and evaluation services to assure quality implementation and process evaluation feedback for improvements. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409072 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409071&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F211%3Frss%3D1 This article describes challenges to MST transport internationally by virtue of the political, legal, economic, and cultural contexts in different nations. Modifications used to address these challenges and facilitate the international implementation of MST are described and pertain to pre-implementation processes, clinical staff, training materials and procedures, and clinical service delivery. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409071 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409070&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F198%3Frss%3D1 With their numbers now approaching almost 30 million, Nepalese feature importantly in the South Asian demography. Yet, it has been only 60 years since Nepal gained international recognition as a nation-state. Nepal at present is one of the world's poorest countries and is in dire need of development, especially in the area of health. Given the current civil instability coupled with rapid modernization, the health and well-being of the Nepalese people have been increasingly affected by newer threats, such as HIV/AIDS. The present study discusses the uniqueness of the Nepalese context in relation to HIV/AIDS prevention. The authors suggest that HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Nepal should now focus more on adolescents from rural regions. The authors also suggest the ways one may approach the... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409070 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409069&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F182%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the status of evidence-based interventions for preventing drug dependence in Spain. The evolution of the perception that the Spanish have of the problem and how this has influenced prevention efforts is described. An analysis is made of how programs designed to prevent drug use have been translated from the field of experimental research to implementation. The characteristics of evidence-based programs developed in Spain are outlined, analyzing their efficacy and the adaptations of programs from other countries to the Spanish context. Most have been school based, although some family and leisure-time based programs also have been developed. The processes for translation and cultural adaptation of evidence-based programs are described. Finally, pending aspects of the a... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409069 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409068&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F167%3Frss%3D1 This article outlines the current Dutch approach to alcohol prevention in this target group. It is argued that well-enforced evidence-based control measures are lacking despite renewed political interest in them. Politicians often favor alcohol education, but to increase the effectiveness of alcohol prevention, a combined approach of policy measures, enforcement, and education is needed. Translation of education and policy-based measures is discussed. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409068 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409067&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F145%3Frss%3D1 This article describes features of the sociocultural and political-economic context of Mexico that pose challenges and opportunities to the effective translation of WHO-FCTC policies there. It also considers how strategic communication efforts may advance these policies by framing their arguments in ways that resonate with prevalent values, understandings, and concerns. A focus on a smoke-free policy illustrates barriers to policy compliance, including how similar issues have been overcome among Latino populations in California. Overall, this article aims to lay the foundation for comparative research from policy uptake to impact so that the scientific evidence base on tobacco control policies includes examination of how context moderates this process. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409067 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409066&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F124%3Frss%3D1 American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) cultures in the United States include a diverse group of indigenous cultures that have been affected by their contact with European Americans and have suffered adverse psychological, physical, and economic consequences. AI/AN adolescents have the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking of all U.S. ethnic groups. Culturally competent health promotion programs are needed to enhance their resiliency and help them avoid recreational, addictive use of commercial tobacco. The authors describe the diverse AI/AN populations and their unique health and social issues, including adolescent smoking. They present examples of smoking prevention programs tailored or adapted for AI/AN adolescents and make recommendations for implementation and evaluation of protot... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409066 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409065&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F2%2F110%3Frss%3D1 This article introduces the topic of international translation of health programs. Different perspectives toward the study of national-level variables that are relevant to translation of evidence-based programming developed outside of or in a country are discussed. Concepts including national prototypes, national stereotypes, country clusters, knowledge incompatibility, and absorptive capacity are introduced. The ideas expressed in this article serve to provide direction when considering developing a health behavior program for a country, using previous programmatic knowledge from elsewhere. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409065 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1409064&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F31%2F2%2F107%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1409064 Wed, 30 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1409064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1206191&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F1%2F81%3Frss%3D1 This article summarizes the findings from a study examining the predictors of satisfaction among individuals enrolled in a county-sponsored indigent health care plan. Mail survey procedures were used to obtain information from enrollees regarding their satisfaction with the health care plan, as well as enrollees' demo-graphics, health care status, and trust in their providers. Results of a stepwise regression model developed using a random half of the respondents revealed enrollees' trust in health care providers was the strongest predictor of general satisfaction, followed by perception of change in health status, and age. The model explained 49% of the variance and demonstrated little shrinkage when cross-validated on the remaining half of the respondents. Trust in health care providers,... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1206191 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1206191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1206190&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors examined the association between multiple reminders and nonresponse bias, survey estimates and costs in a survey of family physicians in Norway (N = 3,463). After three postal reminders and one telephone follow-up, the response rate was 65.9%. They analyzed differences in nine demographic and practice variables between respondents and nonrespondents, the effect of nonresponse bias on survey estimates, and the cost-effectiveness of each reminder. Statistically significant differences between respondents and nonrespondents were found for six variables. However, demographic and practice variables had little association with the main outcome variables, and the overall survey estimates changed little with additional reminders. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of th... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1206190 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1206190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1206189&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 This study compared the use of mail and Internet surveys of sentinel networks of physicians with traditional random sample mail surveys for three national vaccine policy surveys. Three nationally representative sentinel networks of physicians were established (pediatricians, n = 427; general internists, n = 438; and family physicians, n = 433). Surveys of the sentinel networks were compared with simultaneous surveys conducted with random samples of the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile. Response rates were 74% to 78% for sentinel surveys and 29% to 43% for traditional random sample surveys. Respondents to the two methods were generally comparable in demographic characteristics. While there were some differences in responses to survey topic questions, none of the diffe... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1206189 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1206189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1206188&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F1%2F22%3Frss%3D1 The objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of scientific evidence as it is understood by primary care physicians. Individual interviews were conducted with actors chosen for their roles in the production and use of knowledge: 22 family physicians, 13 specialist physicians, and 6 researchers. Two situations served as points of reference for these discussions: screening for genetic breast cancer and treatment of hypertension. The results suggest that there may be a misunderstanding between the producers of knowledge and primary care practitioners with respect to what constitutes "evidence"— knowledge ready for integration into the clinical practice of primary care. These potential differences go beyond the issues of how information is disseminated. Rather, many of the que... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1206188 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1206188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1206187&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F31%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 Providers underutilize evidence-based practice guidelines as they prescribe contraceptives. To discern biases in guideline utilization by 172 providers of three countries, this study used observations from simulated clients trained to choose oral contraceptives. Providers implemented less than one third of the guideline set, but they addressed, more frequently than other guidelines, items categorized as essential by expert opinion (p < .01). Indian providers emphasized instructions on method use in 9-minute consultations, Rwandan providers emphasized contraindications in 29-minute sessions, and Peruvian providers did not emphasize any single guideline category. Providers should use job aids to improve guideline utilization. Those pressed for time need an evidence-based, rather than arbi... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1206187 Tue, 05 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1206187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1008727&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F4%2F376%3Frss%3D1 Peer-assessment processes with chart review have been used for many years to assess the clinical performance of physicians. The Quebec medical licensing authority has been required by provincial law to assess the practicing Quebec physicians on a nonvoluntary basis. During the period from January 2001 to November 2004, 25 family physicians in active practice were randomly selected from a pool of about 300. For each physician, 25 to 40 patients' medical charts were randomly selected to evaluate the interrater reliability of peer-review assessment of medical charts and to compare ratings based on chart review with a chart-stimulated recall interview to those based on chart review alone. The concordance between chart review alone and that of chart review with chart-stimulated recall interview... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1008727 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1008727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1008726&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F4%2F362%3Frss%3D1 Cluster analysis can be a useful statistical technique for setting minimum passing scores on high-stakes examinations by grouping examinees into homogenous clusters based on their responses to test items. It has been most useful for supplementing data or validating minimum passing scores determined from expert judgment approaches, such as the Ebel and Nedelsky methods. However, there is no evidence supporting how well cluster analysis converges with the modified Angoff method, which is frequently used in medical credentialing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of cluster analysis for validating Angoff-derived minimum passing scores. Data are from 652 examinees who took a national credentialing examination based on a content-by-process test blueprint. Resul... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1008726 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1008726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1008725&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F4%2F339%3Frss%3D1 This study explores whether a clinical teaching effectiveness (CTE) instrument provides valid scores for summative faculty assessment. The sample included all CTE instruments (n = 10,087) that learners (N = 1,194) completed to assess clinical teachers (N = 872) during 1 academic year. The authors investigated response processes (e.g., missing data, straight-line responses, level of learner), internal structure (e.g., confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis), teaching ratings by learner group (medical student or resident), and relation to other variables (e.g., correlation with global rating). Response processes identified a high prevalence of straight-line responses (same rating across all items) and differential patterns of missing data by learner group. Medical students rated their ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1008725 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1008725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1008724&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F4%2F322%3Frss%3D1 Public health providers are increasingly called on to do more with fewer resources. Aiming to help HIV clinical training providers in 15 local sites to better target their efforts, the Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center (PAETC) implemented a method for integrating disparate information, such as program-level evaluation and publicly available health services data, into one combined and useful format. The resulting local area profiles were distributed to each training site and were updated annually for 2 years. As a result, local training teams adopted data-based approaches to doing their work. Training managers and faculty reported that data presented in spatial formats (i.e., maps) were most helpful for targeting their outreach and training. In addition to achieving the aim of supp... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1008724 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1008724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1008723&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F4%2F303%3Frss%3D1 Although physician surveys are an important tool in health services and policy research, they are often characterized by low response rates. The authors conducted a systematic review of 66 published reports of efforts to improve response rates to physician surveys. Two general strategies were explored in this literature: incentive and design-based approaches. Even small financial incentives were found to be effective in improving physician response. Token nonmonetary incentives were much less effective. In terms of design strategies, postal and telephone strategies have generally been more successful than have fax or Web-based approaches, with evidence also supporting use of mixed-mode surveys in this population. In addition, use of first-class stamps on return envelopes and questionnaires... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1008723 Tue, 06 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1008723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792106&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F30%2F3%2F300%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792106 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792105&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F3%2F284%3Frss%3D1 This article is the result of considerations during the design of a three-arm microbicide trial. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792105 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792104&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F3%2F266%3Frss%3D1 The authors used a many-faceted Rasch measurement model to analyze rating data from a clinical skills assessment of 173 fourth-year medical students to investigate four types of rater errors: leniency, inconsistency, the halo effect, and restriction of range. Students performed six clinical tasks with 6 standardized patients (SPs) selected from a pool of 17 SPs. SPs rated the performance of each student in six skills: history taking, physical examination, interpersonal skills, communication technique, counseling skills, and physical examination etiquette. SPs showed statistically significant differences in their rating severity, indicating rater leniency error. Four SPs exhibited rating inconsistency. Four SPs restricted their ratings in high categories. Only 1 SP exhibited a halo effect. ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792104 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792103&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F3%2F254%3Frss%3D1 Health care providers depend on the findings of observational intervention studies and systematic reviews of those studies to make evidence-based decisions about their clients' care. The nonrandom methods of group formation in observational studies necessitate carefully assessing threats to the validity of conclusions. Regression to the mean is a source of change in clinical outcome measures that has escaped widespread notice as a potential threat to the accuracy of conclusions from observational studies and systematic reviews thereof. Failure to assess the degree to which regression confounds study results elevates the risk of making clinical decisions using biased estimates of intervention effectiveness. Because the change in average outcome scores due to regression can be quantified, it... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792103 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792102&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 In May 2004, 12 experts in evaluating large-scale health communication programs came to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to participate in an electronic focus group discussion. They offered advice on topics ranging from the role of logic models to the best strategies for controlling for self-selection bias in surveys regarding outcomes of exposure to mass media health messages. The experts also highlighted health communication evaluation topics that have received too little scientific attention. Finally, they made strategic policy recommendations. Use of the state-of-the-art evaluation methods that they recommended could improve the communication of factual and persuasive health messages and help to guard the public health of the nation. Their advice may also advance evaluati... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792102 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=792101&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F3%2F207%3Frss%3D1 This review identifies key issues associated with the design of future longitudinal studies of human development. Sixteen international studies were compared for initial response and retention rate, sample size, type of data collected, and sampling frames. The studies had little information about the influences of fathers, extended family members, childcare, and educational institutions; the effects of peers; children's use of time; the needs of disabled children; urban versus rural environments; or the influence of genetic factors. A contemporary longitudinal study should include measures of physical and mental health, cognitive capacity, educational attainment, social adjustment, conduct and behavior, resiliency, and risk-taking behaviors. It needs to address genetic and intergenerationa... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=792101 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 792101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606730&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F2%2F186%3Frss%3D1 The authors evaluated determinants of response to Internet-based surveys in a sample (n = 5600) of Texas healthcare professionals. Participants were given the option of responding by mail or over the Web (response, 66%). Internet respondents were younger (p < .001), had worked fewer years in healthcare (p < .001), and were more likely to be male (p < .001) and to work in a hospital (p = .007). Missing questionnaire items were significantly higher among Web responders with regard to age, sex, race, body mass index, and smoking (p < .001). In the final multivariate logistic regression, only male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.56-2.80) and younger age remained significantly associated with response over the Internet. Age quartile and responding electronically were inve... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606730 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606729&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F2%2F170%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors examined the effects of nonresponse bias in a mail survey of physicians (N = 3,400). Because slightly more than one half of the sample did not respond to the survey, there was potential for bias if nonresponders differed significantly from responders with respect to key demographic and practice variables. They analyzed response status and timing of response with respect to five variables: gender, region, specialty, urbanicity, and survey length. The potential consequences of nonresponse bias on the survey estimates were then analyzed. Men were more likely to respond, as were physicians receiving a shorter questionnaire. Repeated follow-up attempts reduced gender response bias because male physicians were more likely to be early responders. Overall, higher respons... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606729 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606728&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F2%2F150%3Frss%3D1 A random sample of 500 phlebotomy technicians certified by a national organization was queried regarding perceptions of importance of 53 specific practice-related tasks representative of various departmental areas. The sample was surveyed via a mail questionnaire. Role centrality was assessed by considering mean importance ratings and by applying the Rasch measurement model to assigned importance ratings. Approximately 36% of the questionnaires received by respondents were returned. The results revealed which tasks were fundamental to the phlebotomy technician scope of practice. To assess longitudinal change in core duties, task saliency was considered with respect to similar data collected a decade earlier. Task importance may be considered by agencies that educate, credential, or employ ... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606728 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606727&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F2%2F138%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the HR method using the YMCA V O2—HR relationship appears to be effective in predicting EE at submaximal intensities but not at maximum efforts. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606727 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606726&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F2%2F118%3Frss%3D1 Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is presented as an unrecognized and urgently needed approach for addressing the persistent public health concern of college student drinking in the United States. A major contention of this article is that the lack of progress in reducing alcohol-related harm among college students during the past several decades has been the research community's failure to effectively engage and collaborate with undergraduates on shared concerns. The challenges of addressing college student drinking are reviewed, distinctive features of CBPR are described, and suggestions are provided for adopting CBPR as a more viable approach than those offered by traditional campus strategies. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606726 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=606725&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F30%2F2%2F115%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=606725 Wed, 02 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 606725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410095&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F96%3Frss%3D1 In many countries with highly developed health care systems, significant improvements in end-of-life care are strongly recommended. Up to the present, the assessment of perceived deficits predominantly reflects the point of view of experts in the palliative and hospice movement, with very little being known about the perspective of other professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the points of view of a wide range of different health care providers who treated or interacted with palliative care patients. The authors subsequently performed 597 semistructured telephone interviews with a wide range of German health care professionals. Overall, the assessment of the current situation was better than expected, although statistically significant differences existed among the groups surve... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410095 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410094&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 The authors compared three approaches to feedback of clinical audit findings relating to miscarriage in 15 Scottish maternity services (printed report alone; report plus action planning letter; report plus face-to-face facilitated action planning). Clinicians were surveyed to measure theory of planned behavior constructs (in the context of two audit criteria) before and after feedback (n = 253) and assessed perceptions of the audit through in-depth interviews (n = 17). Prefeedback, clinicians had positive attitudes and strong subjective norms and intentions to comply, although perceived behavioral control was lower. Generally, positive attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions increased after feedback but for one of the two criteria (providing a 7-day miscarriage service), perceived beha... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410094 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410093&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F64%3Frss%3D1 This study is designed to measure the relationship between experience with SPs and performance on a SP examination. A general linear model is used to determine if a relationship exists and the pattern of that relationship as experience increases. There is a linear association between increased experience and better performance in technical domains. In interpersonal skill domains, there is a curvilinear association between experience and performance with improved performance with moderate levels of experience but not in the most experienced group. Different levels of experience with SPs are associated with differences in performance. The varied pattern of associations suggests a possible practice effect or test-taking behavior. Additional studies are needed to assess this potential effect o... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410093 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410092&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F47%3Frss%3D1 Lawmakers at the state level require good estimates of those without health insurance in the areas they serve to inform policy decisions. These estimates are often built on inadequate data from smaller geographic areas, such as counties. The Small Area Estimates Branch of the U.S. Census Bureau developed a method to generate stable estimates at the county level using data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey and several other sources. Using data collected in the state of Tennessee, this article presents a less complicated and arguably less expensive alternative to that method, while providing comparable results. Limitations of both methods and suggestions for future research are discussed. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410092 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410091&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 Despite advances in the storage and retrieval of information within health care systems, health researchers conducting surveys for evaluations still face technical barriers that may lead to sampling bias. The authors describe their experience in administering a Web-based, international survey to English-speaking countries. Identifying the sample was a multistage effort involving (a) searching for published e-mail addresses, (b) conducting Web searches for publicly funded agencies, and (c) performing literature searches, personal contacts, and extensive Internet searches for individuals. After pretesting, the survey was converted into an electronic format accessible by multiple Web browsers. Sampling bias arose from (a) system incompatibility, which did not allow potential respondents to op... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410091 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410089&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F22%3Frss%3D1 This study presents an uncontrolled preliminary evaluation of a pilot health insurance subsidy program and addresses whether provision of subsidized insurance that required employee contribution had an impact upon preventive health utilization among small businesses and their employees. Self-report questionnaires were mailed to the employees; these included questions on use of preventive health services before and after enrollment in the subsidy program. The analysis was stratified by self-reported prior enrollment in an insurance program to compare employees with and without prior health insurance. The findings suggest significant increases in health service utilization among the previously uninsured. Regular checkups more than doubled (p < .0001), as did the number of individuals rece... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410089 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=410087&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F30%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 Tools to examine the effects of teaching interventions across a variety of studies are needed. The authors perform a meta-analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of teaching on medical students’ patient communication skills. Study quality is rated using a modified Jadad score, and standardized mean difference effect size (d) measures are calculated. Fifteen of 24 studies have sufficient data for analysis. Students’ ability to establish rapport improves after teaching. The effects are large when the teaching intervention was small group discussion (n = 5) or giving structured feedback on a student-patient interview (n = 6). A similar effect of teaching is seen on student data gathering skills (n = 5). Teaching medical students patient communication ski... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=410087 Sat, 10 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 410087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275302&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F29%2F4%2F455%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275302 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275301&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F440%3Frss%3D1 Researchers and practitioners have problems retrieving qualitative studies. Search strategies that can easily and effectively retrieve these studies from large databases such as PsycINFO are therefore important. To determine if search strategies can identify qualitative studies, 64 journals published in 2000 were hand searched using explicit methodological criteria to identify qualitative studies. The authors tested multiple search strategies using 4,985 potential search terms in PsycINFO (Ovid Technologies) and compared the results with the hand search data to calculate retrieval effectiveness. A total of 125 qualitative studies were identified. Single-term and multiple-term strategies had sensitivities (maximizing retrieval of qualitative studies) up to 94.4% and specificities (minimizin... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275301 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275300&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F424%3Frss%3D1 This article deals with the participation of patients in setting the agenda of health research that potentially directly affects their lives. The focus is on the communication problems encountered between lay people and medical professionals in developing a joint research agenda. The author argues that a participatory methodology can address these problems and thereby give patients "a say" in the types of health research that have the greatest chance of affecting them personally. The article uses a case example of people with spinal cord injuries participating in research to support the importance and value of patient participation. The case example also helps to rethink appropriate methodologies or at least to modify existing approaches by paying more attention to required social conditio... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275300 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275299&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F407%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a simple quasi–experimental model called the regression point displacement (RPD) design, which compares the prepost results of a single or multiple treat–ment groups to that of a control population. This design has shown great potential in evalu–ating health care pilot programs or demonstra–tion projects–especially those that are community based–due to its relative ease of implementation and low cost of analysis (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275299 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275298&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F394%3Frss%3D1 The present study examined reports of placebo and nocebo symptoms in a college sample. The study was presented under the guise of a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an over-the-counter herbal supplement intended to enhance cognitive performance. Participants were informed they would be receiving either an herbal supplement or a placebo, and each was provided with a mock list of possible beneficial and adverse effects of the "supplement." In fact, all participants received placebo. Symptoms were endorsed by a significant majority of participants following placebo ingestion. More important, results indicated that the few participants who believed they received an herbal supplement endorsed (via self-report) significantly more symptoms than those who believed they received a pl... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275298 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275297&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F367%3Frss%3D1 An estimated one of four people with HIV in the United States do not know they have the infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encourages HIV testing in clinical settings, but there is evidence that this is not done on a regular basis. The purposes of this study were to (a) compare two less traditional teaching methods with a classroom method to determine whether the less traditional methods resulted in greater improvement of clinician knowledge, skill, and willingness to perform HIV risk assessment as the basis for recommending HIV testing; and (b) find out whether there were significant differences in convenience, cost, learner preference, or learner acceptance that would make one method more desirable than the others. Findings from participants in the standardized pat... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275297 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=275296&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F4%2F355%3Frss%3D1 Prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) in injection drug users (IDUs) is high and once HCV has been detected, follow-up medical care is essential. Six hundred and one current and former IDUs who tested positive for HCV antibodies received referrals for medical care. Twenty-four percent (147) of participants returned to be interviewed regarding their medical follow-ups. Of these, only 42% (61) had sought additional medical care in the form of further liver or blood tests or liver ultrasound. Four variables predicted seeking medical care: (a) ever being in residential drug treatment, (b) ever trading sex for money, (c) self-reported homelessness, and (d) living in one's own apartment or house. Having income from a job was inversely associated with seeking medical care. Knowledge of HCV infection al... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=275296 Mon, 13 Nov 2006 07:00:00 +0100 275296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=129324&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F3%2F348%3Frss%3D1 A transdisciplinary-translation matrix is posited as a new direction reflected by the work presented in this and the two previous special issues. In fact, the demands inherent in this matrix suggest that a revolution in health research is in the works. Potential barriers and future directions of the matrix are suggested. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=129324 Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100 129324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=129323&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F3%2F334%3Frss%3D1 The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are under increasing pressure to identify practical, cost-effective interventions, therapies, and medications. Overall, the public health impact could be substantial if effective science-based prevention and treatment programs were implemented on large scales with sufficient fidelity. Yet penetration of even the most successful interventions rarely occurs at a quick pace. Research-to-practice gaps are pervasive throughout various fields of behavioral health and safety. In this article the authors explore factors contributing to the pace of translation and reaffirm that research advances or retreats the progress of scientific discovery as data accumulate in what can be described as a translational research loop that is iterative and bidirectional. The... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=129323 Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100 129323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=129322&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F3%2F302%3Frss%3D1 This article summarizes research on Type II translation of prevention interventions aimed at enhancing the adoption of effective programs and practices in communities. The primary goal of Type II translation is to institutionalize evidence-based programs, products, and services. First, the authors describe theoretical frameworks that are useful to guide Type II translation research. Second, research on prevention program implementation, including fidelity of implementation and factors that are associated with successful program implementation, is summarized. The authors describe interventions designed to enhance the dissemination of preventive interventions in community and public health settings. Third, they describe strategies used by prevention program developers who have taken programs... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=129322 Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100 129322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=129321&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F3%2F277%3Frss%3D1 This article highlights findings from three interrelated areas of basic science research—genetics, neuroscience, and cognitive science—that together continue to inform prevention science. A primary objective of this article is to suggest how this research might guide primary prevention interventions. Translating findings from these disciplines can help to facilitate testable hypotheses for prevention science and explain potential limitations of current intervention approaches. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=129321 Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100 129321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=129320&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F29%2F3%2F275%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=129320 Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:00:00 +0100 129320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16660&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F2%2F246%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this article is to describe the translation of research on tobacco and drug abuse prevention from basic science to program development to large-scale program dissemination, and from animal to human studies. Where relevant, continuity of translation is discussed by referring to two variables that have been studied for their potential relationship to drug use risk in both animals and humans: sensation and novelty seeking and low impulse control. Review of the research indicates relatively slow translation until the early 1990s. The authors recommend several mechanisms to promote more rapid translation across types of research that encourage reciprocal rather than unidirectional transmission of knowledge to expedite the development and diffusion of more timely, targeted drug ab... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16660 Thu, 27 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16659&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F2%2F219%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the state of translational research in childhood obesity prevention. Five phases of translational research and emerging findings from basic science that could be useful in the design of obesity prevention programs are described. Few intervention studies have been published, and these are dominated by Phase 3 trials (efficacy), conducted in school settings, with a limited number of studies finding significant effects on Body Mass Index or adiposity. Cost-benefit analyses are lacking. Research is needed to translate basic science findings into novel interventions (Phases 1 and 2) and to translate programs with known behavior change capability into dissemination trials (Phase 5). Translation can be facilitated by enhanced communication between basic science and preventio... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16659 Thu, 27 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16658&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F2%2F195%3Frss%3D1 The President's New Freedom Commission recently concluded that the nation's mental health service delivery system is ill equipped to meet the complex needs of persons with mental illness. A major contributor to this service quality crisis has been the longstanding divergence of research efforts and clinical programs. In this article, the authors begin by describing the unique needs of persons with serious and persisting psychiatric disorders and the evolution of the mental health service system that has attempted to meet these needs. They then discuss recent efforts to upgrade services by emphasizing the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) and the research underlying their development. Next, they describe the difficulties of using traditional research methods to develop and test interve... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16658 Thu, 27 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16657&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F2%2F162%3Frss%3D1 The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has infected approximately 1.5 million people in the United States. Type 1 translation research (basic research, methods development, and efficacy trials) has yielded multiple efficacious behavioral HIV prevention programs. Type 2 translation research (dissemination and effectiveness studies) has been less prevalent or successful. Adaptation of efficacious interventions for culturally diverse populations has received increasing researcher attention, and empirical validation of adaptation procedures promises to help bridge the gap between Type 1 and Type 2 studies. In this article, the authors briefly discuss the development, testing, and dissemination of efficacious HIV prevention programs and then focus on research-based principles and processes that... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16657 Thu, 27 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16656&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F29%2F2%2F159%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16656 Thu, 27 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 16656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16666&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F1%2F126%3Frss%3D1 Starting with the proposition that "if we want more evidence-based practice, we need more practice-based evidence," this article (a) offers questions and guides that practitioners, program planners, and policy makers can use to determine the applicability of evidence to situations and populations other than those in which the evidence was produced (generalizability), (b) suggests criteria that reviewers can use to evaluate external validity and potential for generalization, and (c) recommends procedures that practitioners and program planners can use to adapt evidencebased interventions and integrate them with evidence on the population and setting characteristics, theory, and experience into locally appropriate programs. The development and application in tandem of such questions, guides,... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16666 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16665&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F1%2F89%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this article is to examine the potential of brief intervention (BI) as a modality for translating health behavior intervention research into practice. We discuss common definitions of BI, applications within common models of translation research, effects of BI on a range of health behaviors and across various populations, current and potential mechanisms, and uses for dissemination to practice. A number of advantages of BI suggest they are well suited for translating behavioral research. In addition, findings from 13 systematic reviews of BI effects show their potential versatility. Basic research on motivation, decision making, and persuasion may be applied to the design of BIs (Type 1 translation). Suggestions for translating BI research into practice are discussed (Type 2... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16665 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16664&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a multimethod intervention that is part of a Type 2 translation project aimed at increasing adherence to clinical practice guidelines in a nationwide network of primary care practices that use a common electronic medical record (EMR). Practice performance reports, site visits, and network meetings are intervention methods designed to stimulate improvement in practices by addressing personal and organizational factors. Theories and evidence supporting these interventions are described and could prove useful to others trying to translate medical research into practice. Additional theory development is needed to support translation in medical offices. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16664 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16663&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F1%2F33%3Frss%3D1 This article presents two examples of translational research in transportation injury prevention. In the first example of child passenger protection, the authors describe a program of research designed to reduce the gap between the theoretical and practical effectiveness of safety methods. In the second example of novice teen drivers, the authors examine translational research related to two complementary approaches to reducing the exposure of novice teen drivers to high-risk driving conditions—graduated driver licensing policy and parental management of novice teen drivers. The examples suggest the utility of systematic programs of research designed to improve the translation into practice of MVC and injury prevention technology and policy. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16663 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16662&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F29%2F1%2F7%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews definitions and conceptual models that describe the translation of research from basic discovery to real-world applications, summarizes the various issues involved in the process of translation, discusses multiple barriers, and provides recommendations to surmount these hurdles. Areas of further research in this arena are suggested. Finally, the article concludes that translational research is an important area to continue to pursue requiring long-term collaborative commitment among researchers and practitioners. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16662 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16661&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F29%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16661 Wed, 01 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 16661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16675&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F28%2F4%2F487%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16675 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16674&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F479%3Frss%3D1 Recently enacted Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act legislation requires health care professionals to provide patients with a "Notice of Privacy Practices" (NPP) document as part of their informed consent process to participate in assessment and treatment. We were interested in the readability of these forms. We attempted to find a NPP from an academic medical center in each state plus the District of Columbia where documents were placed on the institution's Web site. Documents were obtained from 40 jurisdictions and were then analyzed utilizing two measures of readability. The majority (65%) of these documents were written beyond the 12thgrade reading level, and almost the entire sample (90%) fell in the difficult range of reading ease. Academic medical centers have an et... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16674 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16673&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F464%3Frss%3D1 We evaluated a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care coordination/ hometelehealth (CC/HT) programon the utilization of health care services and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in veterans with diabetes. Administrative records of 445 veterans with diabetes were reviewed to compare health care service utilization in the 1-year period before and 1-year period postenrollment and also examined self-reported HRQL at enrollment and 1 year later. Multivariate analyses indicated a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of patients who were hospitalized (50% reduction), emergency room use (11% reduction), reduction in the average number of bed days of care (decreased an average of 3.0 days), and improvement in the HRQL role-physical functioning, bodily pain, and social funct... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16673 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16672&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F447%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to determine the reliability and validity of the DCP in Hispanic veterans with Type 2 diabetes. Hispanic (n = 81) and non-Hispanic White (n = 238) patients were recruited at three southwestern VA hospitals. Scale reliabilities calculated by Cronbach's coefficient alpha revealed reliabilities ranging from .54 to .97 in Hispanics and .63 to .95 in non-Hispanic Whites. Only one scale, Monitoring Barriers, differed significantly between the two patient groups. Mean values on the DCP scales were consistent within and across ethnicities lending support for construct validity of the DCP in Hispanics. Convergent validity was also supported for DCP scales within the Hispanic patients as evidenced by correlations in expected directions with external measures. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16672 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16671&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F428%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the process PPCs used to efficiently and effectively achieve consensus on leadership training competencies and outcome measures among a large and diverse group of health professionals. Phase 1 used a modified Delphi technique to develop an initial set of competencies and outcome measures. Phase 2 used the nominal group technique and modified focus group strategies to refine and prioritize the competencies and outcomes measures. Participants reported being highly satisfied with the process and outcomes. In Phase 3, a formal program evaluation instrument was implemented, designed to measure the competency and describe the career paths and leadership accomplishments of previous trainees. The consensus process adopted can serve as a model for academic and public health e... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16671 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16670&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F414%3Frss%3D1 This study reports on the results of the telephone survey with a cross-sectional sample of uninsured triage patrons (N = 80). One half reported they would have sought other medical care if the telephone triage service had not been available. Most callers (98%) believed that their health care concern was understood. Moreover, 98% agreed with the advice given, and 90% reported following up on the advice given. Overall satisfaction by the uninsured population with the telephone-based nurse triage service was positive and appears to be an effective and acceptable tool by those uninsured individuals who utilized its services. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16670 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16669&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F400%3Frss%3D1 We examined the predictive validity of the MSPI and compared job satisfaction of physicians (N= 51) whose specialty was correctly (i.e., congruent) versus incorrectly (i.e., incongruent) predicted by the MSPI. The MSPI correctly predicted the specialty for 33%. Congruent physicians had higher job satisfaction than incongruent physicians. Results of this study may help individuals who provide medical specialty counseling or who are involved in designing tools and implementing programs to assist students with medical specialty decision making. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16669 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16668&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F390%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of resident nonclinic workload on the satisfaction of continuity clinic patients. Over a 2-month period in 2002, residents and patients were surveyed at the University of Kentucky internal medicine continuity clinic. Residents provided a self-report of their nonclinic workload as light or medium versus heavy or extremely heavy. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a 7-item, 10-point scale with items derived from commonly used patient satisfaction instruments. In 168 patient encounters, patients were significantly less satisfied with their clinic visit if they were seen by a resident who had a heavier workload. In addition, these patients gave significantly lower ratings with regard to the amount of time spent with the patient during t... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16668 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16667&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F4%2F377%3Frss%3D1 This study indicates that mail and telephone modes of data collection for the G-CAHPS survey produce similar results. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16667 Fri, 04 Nov 2005 07:00:00 +0100 16667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16682&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F349%3Frss%3D1 Standardized patient examinations are being used for high-stakes decisions (e.g., graduation, licensure, and certification) with growing frequency. Concurrently, research on methods to determine the passing score for these types of performance-based assessments has increased. A wide variety of approaches have been considered in the past several years, many based on traditional techniques developed for use with multiple-choice examinations. More and more, techniques that center on review of examinee work have been employed, often resulting in the establishment of defensible, reproducible standards. The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate a work-centered approach for determining the passing score for a performance-based assessment of clinical skills. A description of an appro... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16682 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16681&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F328%3Frss%3D1 The authors hypothesized that sepsis workup recommendations are associated with practice recommendations published during the physician’s residency. The first published recommendations suggesting sepsis workups for nontoxic, young, febrile infants appeared in pediatric journals from 1975-1980 and in family practice journals from 1981-1987. Data are from the Community Tracking Study (3,272 pediatricians and 2,432 family physicians). "Percentage of sepsis workups recommended" was defined by response to a vignette about the percentage of well-appearing 6-week-old children with a fever of 101°F for whom the physician would recommend a sepsis workup. Multivariable regression with piecewise linear functions evaluated workup recommendations by timing of literature recommendations during... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16681 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16681 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16680&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F310%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the congruence of patient report of recommendations of screening follow-up care was compared with record audit data. Survey data were collected from a random sample of patients with abnormal breast (n = 230) or cervical (n = 219) cancer screening tests from four health centers. With patient consent, record audits were conducted to validate self-report. Measures of congruence for recommendations for follow-up were calculated along with sensitivity and specificity for procedure-specific recommendations. Overall congruence was higher in the mammography sample (81%) as compared to the Pap sample (61%). Predictors of overall congruence for the abnormal Pap test sample included health plan, self-reported health status, and test result. There were no significant predictors of congr... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16680 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16679&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F295%3Frss%3D1 This article provides an overview of the basic underlying principles of structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM models have two basic elements: a measurement model and a structural model. The measurement model describes the associations between the indicators (observed measures) of the latent variables, whereas the structural model delineates the direct and indirect substantive effects among latent variables and between measured and latent variables. The application of SEM to health outcomes research is illustrated using two examples: (a) assessing the equivalence of the SF-36 and patient evaluations of care for English- and Spanish-language respondents and (b)evaluating a theoretical model of health in myocardial infarction patients. The results of SEM studies can contribute to better und... Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16679 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16679 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16678&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F283%3Frss%3D1 This article describes some approaches to examine DIF with small samples (e.g., less than 200). (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16678 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16678 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16677&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F28%2F3%2F264%3Frss%3D1 This article provides an overview of item response theory (IRT) models and how they can be appropriately applied to patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measurement. Specifically, the following topics are discussed: (a) basics of IRT, (b) types of IRT models, (c) how IRT models have been applied to date, and (d) new directions in applying IRT to PRO measurements. (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16677 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=16676&cid=s_31275_51_f&fid=31275&url=http%3A%2F%2Fehp.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F28%2F3%2F263%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Evaluation) Evaluation journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=16676 Thu, 25 Aug 2005 06:00:00 +0100 16676