MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Experimental Eye Research' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 23:31:38 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646322&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22284367%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dartt DA PMID: 22284367 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646322 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5646322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646323&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22281059%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li YN, Pinzón-Duarte G, Dattilo M, Claudepierre T, Koch M, Brunken WJ Abstract Netrin-4, a member of the netrin family, is a potent regulator of embryonic development. It promotes neurite extension and regulates pulmonary airway branching, vasculogenesis patterning, and endothelial proliferation in pathological angiogenesis. The initial characterization of netrin-4 expression was focused on epithelial-derived organs (kidney, lung and salivary gland) and the central nervous system. Ocular development is an ideal system to study netrin-4 expression and function, as it involves both ectodermal (cornea, lens and retina) and mesodermal (sclera and choroid) derivatives and has an extensive and well-characterized angiogenic process. Netrin-4 is expressed in all ocular tissues. I... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646323 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5646323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646321&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285204%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayashi R, Hayashi S, Arai K, Chikuda M, Obara Y Abstract This was a preliminary study of the effects of antioxidant supplementation on the peroxidation status of the lens by investigating mRNA expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in the lens. The mRNA expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), β-actin (β-ACT) and 18S rRNA (18S) were measured in this study because they are common reference genes for measuring mRNA levels by means of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in various tissues. Thirteen patients with binocular cataracts of the same grade were included in the study after giving informed consent. A piece of the anterior capsule, along with a sample of lenticular epithelial cells (LECs), was collected as a pre-... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646321 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5646321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5646320&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22285404%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lashkari K, Fazelat A, Desai M, Nandakumar N, Lowry NC, Mangoubi R, Lashkari K PMID: 22285404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5646320 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5646320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5629253&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22273503%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the genetic effect of C2, CFB and C3 polymorphisms, which are known to be important for AMD in Caucasian, were not significant in the Korean population. The low minor allele frequency of these SNPs in Koreans might have affected the results of this study. Ethnic differences in the roles of C2, CFB and C3 in conferring a risk of AMD should be further investigated. PMID: 22273503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5629253 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5629253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609980&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22251454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barbosa FL, Lin M, Santhiago MR, Singh V, Agrawal V, Wilson SE Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in modulating myofibroblast viability in mouse corneas with stromal opacity. Twenty-four female B6; 129S1-Il1r1tm1Roml/J homozygous IL-1RI knockout mice and 24 control B6129SF2/J mice were included in this study. Each mouse had opacity-generating irregular phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) performed with an excimer laser in one eye. Groups of 8 mice from each group were euthanized at one month, three months and six months after surgery and the eyes cryo-preserved. The contralateral eye served as unwounded control. Immunohistochemistry was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in central sections of all corneas. The TUNE... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609980 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609979&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22251455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noel JM, Fernandez de Castro JP, Demarco PJ, Franco LM, Wang W, Vukmanic EV, Peng X, Sandell JH, Scott PA, Kaplan HJ, McCall MA Abstract Our purpose was to find a method to create a large animal model of inducible photoreceptor damage. To this end, we tested in domestic swine the efficacy of two chemical toxins, known to create photoreceptor damage in other species: Iodoacetic Acid (IAA) and Sodium Iodate (NaIO(3)). Intravenous (IV) administration of NaIO(3) up to 90 mg/kg had no effect on retinal function and 110 mg/kg was lethal. IV administration of IAA (5-20 mg/kg) produced concentration-dependent changes in visual function as measured by full-field and multi-focal electroretinograms (ffERG and mfERG), and 30 mg/kg IAA was lethal. The IAA-induced effects measured a... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609979 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5609981&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248913%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mao W, Rubin JS, Anoruo N, Wordinger RJ, Clark AF Abstract Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. In primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, impaired trabecular meshwork (TM) function results in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the primary risk factor of developing optic neuropathy. Our previous studies showed that Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the human TM (HTM), and the Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is elevated in the glaucomatous TM (GTM). Elevated SFRP1 increased IOP in mice eyes and in perfusion cultured anterior segments of the human eye. However, the cause of elevated SFRP1 in the GTM remains unknown. Promoter methylation plays a key role in regulating SFRP1 expression in certain cancer ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5609981 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5609981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585095&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22233703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gong H, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang C, Liu T, Ren S, Wang Y Abstract Corneal degenerations, occurring either spontaneously or as a complication to other diseases, cause vision problems by endangering corneal transparency. Our past cornea research projects involving mice revealed that some recruited mice presented corneal problems similar to human corneal degeneration. The present study examines the histology of diseased mice corneas, including ultrastructure. Genome-wide microarray and proteomic methods were utilized to screen for molecular changes in the diseased corneas. It was found that abnormalities affected mainly anterior layers of the corneas. The most often observed histological abnormalities included neoplasm or detachment of the epithelial layer, erosion or breakage of B... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585095 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5585095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585097&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227450%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we report early initial apoptosis in the newly differentiated retina of Rpe65(-/-) mice. Apoptotic photoreceptors were identified as rods and resulted from pathological phototransduction signaling. This wave of early apoptosis triggered Bcl-2-related pathway and Bax apoptotic activity, while activation of the caspases was not induced. Following cellular stress, multiple signaling pathways are initiated which either commit cells to death or trigger pro-survival responses including autophagy. We report that Bcl-2-related early rod apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of autophagy markers including chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) substrate receptor LAMP-2 and lysosomal hydrolases Cathepsin S and Lysozyme. This suggests that lysosomal-mediated autophagy may be trigg... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585097 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5585097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585096&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mostafa S, Seamon V, Azzarolo AM Abstract Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands and the presence of serum autoantibodies. Most women that suffer from SS are post-menopausal however, not all post-menopausal women develop SS, suggesting that other factors, in addition to the decrease in ovarian hormones, are necessary for the development of SS. The purposes of this study were to investigate a) the time course of lymphocytic infiltration and apoptosis in the lacrimal gland after ovariectomy, b) if a predisposed genetic background for SS aggravates the effects of decreasing levels of sex hormones in the lacrimal glands and c) if physiological doses of estrogen or androgen ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585096 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5585096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571446&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210126%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perkumas KM, Stamer WD Abstract The two cell types that populate the human conventional outflow pathway, Schlemm's canal (SC) and trabecular meshwork (TM) regulate intraocular pressure. In culture, SC and TM cells have been useful tools toward understanding their respective roles in conventional outflow homeostasis. Unfortunately, currently available protein markers that distinguish SC from TM cells are limited, motivating the present study. Antibodies that specifically recognize different vascular endothelial markers were used to probe lysates from mature cell monolayers subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by western blot analyses. Results show that SC and TM cells both expressed many of the endothelial candidate proteins investigated, such as Robo1/4, Tie2/TEK, VEGF-R1/R2, VC... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571446 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5571446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571445&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oglesby E, Quigley HA, Zack DJ, Cone FE, Steinhart MR, Tian J, Pease ME, Kalesnykas G Abstract The development of transgenic mouse lines that selectively label a subset of neurons provides unique opportunities to study detailed neuronal morphology and morphological changes under experimental conditions. In the present study, a mouse line in which a small number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under control of the Thy-1 promoter was used (Feng et al., 2000). We characterized the number, distribution by retinal region and eccentricity of YFP-labeled RGCs using fluorescence microscopy and Stereo Investigator software (MicroBrightField, VT, USA). Then, we captured images of 4-6 YFP-expressing RGCs from each of 8 retinal regions by co... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571445 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5571445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556130&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Hirooka K, Nishiyama A, Lei B, Nakamura T, Itano T, Fujita T, Zhang J, Shiraga F Abstract The purpose of this project was to investigate the effects of the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and identify the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) system in the rat retina. Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 130 mmHg. Rats were treated with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) antagonist (candesartan), MR antagonist (spironolactone), or aldosterone. Retinal damage was evaluated at 7 days after the ischemia by measuring the retinal thickness and the number of retinal ganglion cells. Pretreatment with candesartan, spironolactone, or candesartan and spironolactone significantly inh... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556130 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556129&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200489%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated costimulatory molecule expression on human uveal melanoma cells (a primary culture, and OCM-1, OMM-1 and 92-1 cell lines) and assessed the functional roles of selected costimulatory molecules. Uveal melanoma cells were incubated in the presence or absence of IFN-γ and expression of costimulatory molecules on the cells was measured by flow cytometry. The costimulatory effect of B7-H1-expressing uveal melanoma cells on cytokine production by purified T cells was studied in uveal melanoma/T cell co-culture experiments using a blocking anti-B7-H1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The functional role of CD40-mediated interactions in modifying immune responses to uveal melanoma cells was assessed in vitro using recombinant human CD40 ligand (rhCD40L). MHC class I and B7... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556129 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556146&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197752%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to examine the levels of total protein, lactoferrin, secretory IgA and serum albumin in the tear film of people with keratoconus. Basal tears were collected using a capillary tube and corneal curvature was mapped using a topographer. Total protein in tears was estimated. The amount of regulated protein lactoferrin, constitutive protein sIgA and serum protein albumin was measured using specific ELISAs. The changes in protein concentrations in tears were correlated to the degree of corneal asphericity. There was a two-fold (p < 0.0001) decrease in total protein levels between keratoconus (3.86 + 1.62 mg/ml) and normal (7.00 + 1.58 mg/ml) tears. The amount of lactoferrin (0.67 + 0.28 vs. 1.13 + 0.29 mg/ml) and secretory IgA (0.78 + 0.36 vs. 1.70 + 0... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556146 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556131&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edwards MM, McLeod DS, Li R, Grebe R, Bhutto I, Mu X, Lutty GA Abstract Retinal vascular development is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. The majority of research in this area has focused on astrocytes and the template they form in the inner retina, which precedes endothelial cells in the mouse retina. In humans and dogs, however, astrocyte migration follows behind development of blood vessels, suggesting that other cell types may guide this process. One such cell type is the ganglion cell, which differentiates before blood vessel formation and lies adjacent to the primary retinal vascular plexus. The present study investigated the potential role played by ganglion cells in vascular development using Math5(-/-) mice. It has previously been reported that M... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556131 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556150&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197749%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we show that transduction of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with recombinant AAV2/5 expressing GFP is well tolerated. Furthermore, we explore the mechanism whereby exposure to retinoic acid (RA) and the phorbol ester 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) can induce this cell line to differentiate into a stable population of human neurons, with significantly increased levels of AAV2/5 transduction. These observations may be helpful for assessing AAV2/5 vectors in vitro, particularly where it is necessary to generate pre-clinical data for clinical trials of gene therapy to the human central nervous system. PMID: 22197749 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556150 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556149&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197750%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined cbs(-/-) (3 weeks) and cbs(+/-) mice (5, 10, 15, 30 weeks) and results were compared to those obtained from wild type (WT) littermates. Conventional dark- and light-adapted ERGs were recorded, along with dc-ERG to assess retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) function. The visual evoked potential (VEP) was used to assess transmission to the visual cortex. The amplitudes of the major ERG components were reduced in cbs(-/-) mice at age 3 weeks and VEPs were delayed markedly. These findings are consistent with the early retinal disruption observed anatomically in these mice. In comparison, at 3 weeks of age, responses of cbs(+/-) mice did not differ significantly from those of WT mice. Functional abnormalities were not observed in cbs(+/-) mice until 15 weeks of age, at which time ampli... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556149 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556148&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Bree MC, van der Meulen IJ, Franssen L, Coppens JE, Zijlmans BL, van den Berg TJ Abstract The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effect of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) on the straylight domain of visual function. PCO is heterogeneous with regard to morphology and severity; both aspects contribute to its functional effect. The isolated impact of capsule areas with specific morphology and severity on straylight was studied in-vitro by recording forward light-scatter. Forward light-scatter by four different capsule types, i.c. anterior capsule (AC), clear posterior capsule (PC), fibrotic and regeneratory PCO, was recorded at several visual angles with a goniometer, using different wavelengths. Angular (θ(a)) and wavelength dependencies (λ(b)) wer... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556148 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556132&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wisniewska-Kruk J, Hoeben KA, Vogels IM, Gaillard PJ, Van Noorden CJ, Schlingemann RO, Klaassen I Abstract Loss of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) properties is an important feature in the pathology of diabetic macular edema (DME), but cellular mechanisms underlying BRB dysfunction are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed and characterized a novel in vitro BRB model, based on primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs). These cells were shown to maintain specific in vivo BRB properties by expressing high levels of the endothelial junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, VE-cadherin and ZO-1 at cell borders, and the specific pumps glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (MDR1). To investigate the influence of pericytes and astrocytes on BR... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556132 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5556132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542210&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193032%26dopt%3DAbstract This study characterized the expression and subcellular localization of the IGF-1R in human corneal epithelial cells. Using a human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cell line, IGF-1R expression and localization was assayed by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation followed by western blot. IGF-1R expression was confirmed in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Nuclear localization was assessed under basal and IGF-1 stimulated culture conditions; phosphorylation status of the receptor in response to IGF-1 was demonstrated by western blot. IGF-1R:E-cadherin interactions were detected by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation of whole cell lysates. The results of this study demonstrated that IGF-1R localized predominantly to the nucleus and in a perinucl... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542210 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542212&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182671%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mergler S, Cheng Y, Skosyrski S, Garreis F, Pietrzak P, Kociok N, Dwarakanath A, Reinach PS, Kakkassery V Abstract Differences in transient receptor potential (TRP) and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression levels can serve as prognostic factors for retinoblastoma (RB) tumor progression. We hypothesized in RB tissue that such differences are also indicators of whether or not they are sensitive to etoposide. Accordingly, we compared in malignant etoposide-sensitive and etoposide-resistant WERI-Rb1 cells TRPV1, TRPM8 and TRPA1 subtype and CB1 gene expression pattern levels and accompanying functional activity using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence microscopy, calcium imaging as well as patch-clamp technology. Gene expression patt... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542212 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542211&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182672%26dopt%3DAbstract Evolution of the vertebrate beaded filament protein, Bfsp2; comparing the in vitro assembly properties of a "tailed" zebrafish Bfsp2 to its "tailless" human orthologue. Exp Eye Res. 2011 Dec 11; Authors: Bo Q, Landsbury A, Schönthaler HB, Dahm R, Liu Y, Clark JI, Prescott A, Quinlan RA Abstract In bony fishes, Bfsp2 orthologues are predicted to possess a C-terminal tail domain, which is absent from avian, amphibian and mammalian Bfsp2 sequences. These sequences, are however, not conserved between fish species and therefore questions whether they have a functional role. For other intermediate filament proteins, the C-terminal tail domain is important for both filament assembly and regulating interactions between filaments. We confirm that zebrafish has a single Bfsp2 gene ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542211 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542213&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182670%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to determine when and how the failure of the optic fissure closure occurs, and to clarify the disturbed mechanism of basement membrane disintegration during embryonal stage in FLS mice. Fetuses at day 11.5-15.5 of gestation were obtained from dams of FLS and BALB/c strain of mice. Coronal serial sections through the eye were examined by light and electron microscopy. The sections were followed by observation of the basement membrane using reaction with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent and immunohistochemical staining with anti-Laminin and anti-Type IV collagen antibodies. Both optic fissure margins closely approached each other up to GD 11.5 in all FLS and BALB/c embryos. The inner and outer layers of the optic cup did not normally fuse at midlenticular le... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542213 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5542213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520646&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kuriyan AE, Lehmann GM, Kulkarni AA, Woeller CF, Feldon SE, Hindman HB, Sime P, Huxlin KR, Phipps RP Abstract A critical component of corneal scarring is the TGFβ-induced differentiation of corneal keratocytes into myofibroblasts. Inhibitors of this differentiation are potentially therapeutic for corneal scarring. In this study, we tested the relative effectiveness and mechanisms of action of two electrophilic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands: cyano-3,12-dioxolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) and 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) for inhibiting TGFβ-induced myofibroblast differentiation in vitro. TGFβ was used to induce myofibroblast differentiation in cultured, primary human corneal fibroblasts. CDDO-Me ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520646 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520648&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166618%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pelegrino FS, Pflugfelder SC, De Paiva CS Abstract Patients with tear dysfunction often experience increased irritation symptoms when subjected to drafty and/or low humidity environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low humidity stress (LHS) on corneal barrier function and expression of cornified envelope (CE) precursor proteins in the epithelium of C57BL/6 and c-jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) knockout (KO) mice. LHS was induced in both strains by exposure to an air draft for 15 (LHS15D) or 30 days (LHS30D) at a relative humidity <30%RH. Nonstressed (NS) mice were used as controls. Oregon-green-dextran uptake was used to measure corneal barrier function. Levels of small proline-rich protein (SPRR)-2, involucrin, occludin, and ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520648 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520647&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22173206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang RF, Podos SM, Serle JB, Baltatu OC Abstract To evaluate the effect of topical application of SPP 635, a renin inhibitor, on intraocular pressure (IOP) in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma. A multiple-dose study was performed in 8 glaucomatous monkey eyes with 3 concentrations of SPP 635, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. IOP was measured hourly for 6 h on each day of the study beginning at 9:30 a.m. Following one baseline day (untreated) and one vehicle-treated day (50 μl drop of vehicle to the glaucomatous eye at 9:30 a.m.), a 50 μl drop (25 μl × 2) of SPP 635, 0.2%, 0.3% or 0.4%, was topically applied to the glaucomatous eye at 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. for 5 consecutive days. Twice daily administration of each of the 3 concentrations of SPP 635 for 5 da... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520647 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520650&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155581%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, VC depletion may increase the susceptibility to develop UVR-B induced cataracts in mice unable to endogenously produce VC. PMID: 22155581 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520650 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520653&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Eidet JR, Utheim OA, Raeder S, Dartt DA, Lyberg T, Carreras E, Huynh TT, Messelt EB, Louch WE, Roald B, Utheim TP Abstract The use of amniotic membrane (AM) represents one of the major developments in ocular surface reconstruction. However, in a study on patients with primary pterygium, transplantation of AM with ex vivo expanded human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjE) promoted earlier epithelialization than AM alone. We previously showed that cultured human limbal epithelial cells maintain their morphology, phenotype, and viability for one week when stored at 23°C. The current study investigates the feasibility of storing HCjE in HEPES-MEM and Optisol-GS at 23°C for 4 and 7 days, respectively. The five experimental groups were analyzed by light microscopy, immunohi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520653 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520653 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520652&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154552%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the administration of hydrogen-rich saline through the intravitreal or/and intraperitoneal routes could reduce the retinal excitotoxic injury and promote retinal recovery. This result likely occurs by inhibiting the activation of glial cells, decreasing the production of the iNOS and GRP78 and promoting glutamate clearance. PMID: 22154552 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520652 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520652 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520651&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155444%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lari DR, Schultz DS, Wang AS, Lee OT, Stewart JM Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess fundamental differences between the mechanics of the posterior sclera in paired eyes using uniaxial and whole globe inflation testing, with an emphasis on the relationship between testing conditions and observed tissue behavior. Twenty porcine eyes, consisting of matched pairs from 10 pigs, were used in this study. Within pairs, one eye was tested with 10 cycles of globe pressurization to 150mmHg (∼10× normal IOP) while biaxial strains were tracked via an optical system at the posterior sclera. An excised posterior strip from the second eye was subjected to traditional uniaxial testing in which mechanical hysteresis was recorded from 10 cycles to a peak stress of 0.13MPa (r... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520651 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520649&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155582%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karring H, Runager K, Thøgersen IB, Klintworth GK, Højrup P, Enghild JJ Abstract Different types of granular corneal dystrophy (GCD) and lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) are associated with mutations in the transforming growth factor beta induced gene (TGFBI). These dystrophies are characterized by the formation of non-amyloid granular deposits (GCDs) and amyloid (LCD type 1 and its variants) in the cornea. Typical corneal non-amyloid deposits from GCD type 2 (R124H), amyloid from a variant of LCD type 1 (V624M) and disease-free tissue controls were procured by laser capture microdissection and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative comparisons of deposits and controls suggested that the non-amyloid sample (R124H) specifically accumulated transformi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520649 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520664&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22118270%26dopt%3DAbstract Forthcoming "Focus on Molecules" articles. Exp Eye Res. 2011 Dec;93(6):795 Authors: PMID: 22118270 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520664 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520654&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22143029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Z, Qin X, Tong N, Zhao X, Gong Y, Shi Y, Wu X Abstract Retinal ischemia plays a central role in several retinal diseases. The pathogenesis of retinal ischemia involves changes in gene expression. Valproic acid (VPA), a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitor, is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated whether VPA protects the retina and optic nerve axon from ischemic damage in a rat model and determined a possible protective mechanism. Adult male Wistar rats were randomized into sham, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-plus-vehicle, and I/R-plus-VPA groups. Rats received subcutaneous injections of 300 mg/kg VPA or phosphate-buffered saline twice a day after retinal ischemia induced by acute high intraocular pressu... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520654 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520660&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Souza CF, Kalloniatis M, Polkinghorne PJ, McGhee CN, Acosta ML Abstract Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. Neurons involved in the glutamate pathway express α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Functional characterization of these ionotropic glutamate receptors can be achieved by using a cation channel permeating probe named agmatine (1-amino-4-guanidobutane; AGB). Retinal mapping using this guanidinium analog has certain advantages including the immunocytochemical identification of a whole population of neurons expressing functional glutamate gated receptor channels. We have extended AGB studies into the functionality of ionotropic receptors in periphera... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520660 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520656&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138557%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin S, Rodrigues GA Abstract Efficient phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) plays a key role in biological renewal of these highly peroxidizable structures and in maintenance of retina health. Here, we used an in vitro RPE cell phagocytosis assay to investigate how sub-lethal oxidative stress modifies the key components of the cell phagocytic machinery leading to severe impairment of phagocytosis. Sub-lethal oxidative treatment, induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), significantly inhibited binding and uptake of POS by RPE cells. However, sub-lethal oxidative stress did not affect cell surface expression of αvβ5 or RPE cell adhesion to αvβ5. Similarly, the enzymatic activity of mature cathepsin D was not altere... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520656 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520655&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138558%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo W, Zhu Y, Yu PK, Yu X, Sun X, Cringle SJ, Su EN, Yu DY Abstract The purpose of this study was to quantify the topographic distribution of bulbar conjunctival microlymphatic vessels in the monkey. Sixteen eyes from 8 rhesus monkeys were used. Full thickness pieces of globe wall were excised from each quadrant. Cryosections were stained for 5'-nucleotidase, an enzyme histochemical staining for lymphatic vessels, or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, an immunohistochemical marker for the identification of lymphatic endothelial cells, and then counterstained by hematoxylin. The remaining bulbar conjunctiva was dissected and flat mounted. The tissue was then processed with 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme histochemical stain with higher activi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520655 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520659&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138416%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the involvement of several adipokines in the future development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following reattachment surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A multiplex immunoassay was used to measure 6 different adipokines in 75 subretinal fluid samples collected during reattachment surgery for primary RRD. Twenty-one patients who developed a redetachment due to postoperative PVR after scleral buckling surgery (PVR group) were compared with age-, sex-, and storage-time-matched RRD samples from 54 patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course (RRD group). Levels of adiponectin (P = 0.006), cathepsin S (P = 0.001), and leptin (P = 0.041) were significantly elevated in the PVR group as compared to the RRD group. Levels of tissue inh... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520659 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520658&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang G, Scott WK, Whitehead P, Court BL, Kovach JL, Schwartz SG, Agarwal A, Dubovy S, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA PMID: 22138417 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520658 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520657&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138418%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lan W, Tong L PMID: 22138418 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520657 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520663&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22123068%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we sought to determine the effects of the integrin αvβ3 antagonist tetra-iodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) on the angiogenic actions of VEGF and erythropoietin (EPO) in cultured human retinal endothelial cells. In addition, we investigated the effect of tetrac and a nanoparticulate formulation of tetrac on retinal angiogenesis in vivo, in the mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Tetrac inhibitory activity was evaluated in human retinal endothelial cells treated with VEGF and/or EPO. Endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were assessed, in addition to phosphorylation of ERK1/2. For the studies of the oxygen-induced retinopathy model, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (P)7 to P12, and then returned to room air. Tetrac and... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520663 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520662&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134119%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this paper shows for the first time that central Descemet's membranes of patients suffering from FECD possess proliferative endothelial cells that can be isolated and cultured without viral transduction, opening the way for new in vitro studies of this disease. PMID: 22134119 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520662 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520661&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134120%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Souza BM, Assmann TS, Kliemann LM, Marcon AS, Gross JL, Canani LH, Crispim D Abstract Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial transporter present in the inner membrane of mitochondria, and it uncouples substrate oxidation from ATP synthesis, thereby dissipating the membrane potential energy and consequently decreasing ATP production by mitochondrial respiratory chain. As a consequence of the uncoupling, UCP2 decreases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by mitochondria. ROS overproduction is related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Recently, our group reported that the -866A/55Val/Ins haplotype (-866G/A, Ala55Val and Ins/Del polymorphisms) of the UCP2 gene was associated with increased risk for DR in patients... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520661 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520665&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116002%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kimura K, Orita T, Nomi N, Fujitsu Y, Nishida T, Sonoda KH Abstract Infection of the cornea with bacteria, viruses, or fungi can result in corneal ulceration. Corneal stromal cells participate in the immune and inflammatory responses to such infection in part by producing various cytokines and chemokines. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], and zymosan as surrogates for bacteria, viruses, and fungi, respectively, on the release of cytokines and chemokines from cultured human corneal fibroblasts were examined in order to identify common factors in infectious corneal keratitis. The secretion of various cytokines and chemokines by human corneal fibroblasts exposed to LPS, poly(I:C), or zymosan was measured with a multiplex ass... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520665 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5520666&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116001%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kawazoe Y, Sugita S, Keino H, Yamada Y, Imai A, Horie S, Mochizuki M Abstract Primary cultured retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells can convert T cells into T regulatory cells (Tregs) through inhibitory factor(s) including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in vitro. Retinoic acid (RA) enhances induction of CD4(+) Tregs in the presence of TGFβ. We investigated whether RA produced by RPE cells can promote generation of Tregs. We found that in vitro, RA-treated T cells expressed high levels of Foxp3 in the presence of recombinant TGFβ. In GeneChip analysis, cultured RPE cells constitutively expressed RA-associated molecules such as RA-binding proteins, enzymes, and receptors. RPE from normal mice, but not vitamin A-deficient mice, contained significant levels of TGF... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5520666 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5520666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430305&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079563%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harsing LG, Albert M, Matyus P, Szenasi G Abstract Chicken posterior eyecup lined by the retina were prepared, loaded with [(3)H]glycine and superfused in order to determine its release in various experimental conditions. Electrical field stimulation of the retina evoked [(3)H]glycine release with a voltage- and frequency-dependent manner and this release may be originated from glycinergic amacrine cell processes of the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Glycine released from an abundance of different amacrine cells may modulate retinal circuitry by activation of inhibitory glycine receptors and by acting as a coagonist on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors on AII amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells. The latter effect of glycine may be modulated by glycine transporter ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430305 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5430305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430308&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22067127%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao M, Shi X, Liang J, Miao Y, Xie W, Zhang Y, Li X Abstract Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become one of the leading causes of blindness and visual loss in children over the last half century. Vascular Endothelial growth Factor (VEGF-A) is the principal stimulator of angiogenesis. Recently, it has been identified that VEGF was differentially spliced from Exons 8 to Exons 8a and 8b to form two families: the pro-angiogenic VEGFxxx family and the anti-angiogenic VEGFxxxb family. This alternate splicing produced VEGFxxxb proteins of the same length as VEGFxxx family, but with different C terminal amino acid sequences. VEGFxxxb appeared to be able to inhibit VEGFxxx-dependent angiogenesis. In our study, we investigated the protein expression course of VEGFxxx and VEGFxx... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430308 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430307&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22067128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lopilly Park HY, Kim JH, Lee KM, Park CK Abstract The purpose of this work was to identify potential tear-film-based proteins and their effect on changes in the conjunctiva and cornea in eyes using prostaglandin (PG) analogues. Recruited subjects were individuals who had used PG for at least 1 year and comparison with eyes of normal controls and timolol using patients were done. Approximately 3-5 μL of tears were sampled from both eyes of each subject using glass microcapillaries. Proteomic analysis was done to compare the pooled tear samples from each group by Bradford assay and cytokine arrays. Impression cytology was used to gather mRNA from conjunctival epithelial cells, and target protein mRNA was quantified by PCR. Rabbits treated with PG were scarified, and change... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430307 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5430306&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22067130%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Koizumi N, Okumura N, Kinoshita S Abstract This review describes our recent attempts to develop new therapeutic modalities for corneal endothelial disease using animal models including non-human primate model in which the proliferative ability of corneal endothelial cells is severely limited, as is the case in humans. First, we describe our attempt to develop new surgical treatments using cultivated corneal endothelial cells for advanced corneal endothelial dysfunction. It includes two different approaches; a "corneal endothelial cell sheet transplantation" with cells grown on a type-I collagen carrier, and a "cell-injection therapy" combined with the application of Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Recently, it was reported that the selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, promotes ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5430306 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5430306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385281&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063729%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the reflection coefficient of Bruch's membrane (BrM) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Bruch's membrane and choroid were removed from 47 bovine eyes. Specimens were placed in a Ussing chamber and perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with (31 specimens) or without (16 specimens) fluorescent low-density lipoproteins (DiI-LDL). The hydraulic conductivity of the tissue was determined for both calf and cow eyes. In the perfusions with DiI-LDL, the fluorescence intensity emitted by DiI-LDL in the efflux was measured and the reflection coefficient of BrM/choroid preparations to DiI-LDL determined. Leakage tests were done to confirm tissue integrity. Several specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine tissue integrity before and after perfusion.... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385281 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385283&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gouras P, Brown K, Ivert L, Neuringer M Abstract The large phagocytic load that confronts the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is thought to play a possible role in the pathogenesis of age related macular degeneration (AMD) that afflicts both humans and monkeys. Our knowledge of how RPE degrades phagosomes and other intra-cellular material by lysosomal action is still rudimentary. In this paper we examine organelles that play a role in this process, melanosome, lysosomes and phagosomes, in the RPE of young and old rhesus monkeys in order to better understand lysosomal autophagy and heterophagy in the RPE and its possible role in AMD. We used electron microscopy to detect and describe the characteristics of melanosomes and lysosome-like organelles in the macular RPE of rhes... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385283 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385282&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22061866%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: May CA Abstract Investigating the anterior eye segment vasculature and innervation of dystrophic RCS rats, two major unique findings were observed: in the iris, young adult animals with retinal dystrophy showed an increase in substance P nerve fibres and a dilation of arterioles and capillaries. This finding continued during ageing. In the pars plana region, the surface covered by venules decreased continuously with age. In older animals, this decrease was parallelled by a local decrease of sympathetic TH-positive nerve fibres supplying these venules. For both conditions, no comparable data exists so far in the literature. They might point to a unique situation in the anterior eye segment of the dystrophic RCS rat. PMID: 22061866 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (So... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385282 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385285&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gutierrez DB, Garland D, Schey KL Abstract Aquaporin-0 (AQP0), the major integral membrane protein in lens fiber cells, becomes highly modified with increasing age. The functional consequences of these modifications are being revealed, and the next step is to determine how these modifications affect the ocular lens, which is directly related to their abundances and spatial distributions. The aim of this study was to utilize matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) direct tissue profiling methods, which produce spatially-resolved protein profiles, to map and quantify AQP0 post-translational modifications (PTMs). Direct tissue profiling was performed using frozen, equatorial human lens sections of various ages prepared by conditions optimized for MALDI mass spectr... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385285 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385284&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Margaret Koh SW Abstract Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are identified as autocrines of human corneal endothelial (CE) cells working in concert to maintain the differentiated state and promote the survival of the corneal endothelium. From VIP gene knockdown study, endogenous VIP is shown to maintain the level of the differentiation marker, the adhesion molecule N-cadherin, CE cell size, shape, and retention, in situ in the human donor corneoscleral explants. Exogenous VIP protects the corneal endothelium against the killing effect of oxidative stress, in part by upholding ATP levels in CE cells dying of oxidative stress-induced injury, allowing them to die of an apoptotic death instead of an acute necrotic one. The switch from th... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385284 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385287&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scott SG, Jun AS, Chakravarti S Abstract The keratocytes are specialized mesenchymal cells that produce and maintain the extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma. With a typical dendritic and flattened appearance, these cells can morph into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts upon injury, and produce abnormal or fibrotic extracellular matrices detrimental to corneal transparency. Insights into mechanisms that regulate these phenotypic switches and optimal culture conditions that preserve the keratocyte phenotype are important for tissue engineering of the corneal stroma. Like other cell types with self-renewing capacity, keratocytes can form spheres in culture. Here we investigated human and bovine keratocytes with respect to their sphere forming capabilities, and sought to i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385287 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5385286&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hollyfield JG PMID: 22036629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5385286 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5385286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353333&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin S, Ni M, Wang X, Maurier-Mahé F, Shurland DL, Rodrigues GA Abstract Dying cells release pro-inflammatory molecules, functioning as cytokines to trigger cell/tissue inflammation that is medically relevant to the pathogenesis of diseases. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is believed to act as a danger signal for tissue damage once released extracellularly. Potential roles of HSP90 were explored in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) inflammatory response to necrosis using ARPE-19 cells. Cellular extracts can trigger ARPE-19 cell inflammatory responses, producing cytokines that lead to an increase in ARPE-19 cell monolayer permeability. Addition of recombinant HSP90β mimics the induction of chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in cultured RPE cells, suggesting that released HSP90 do inc... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353333 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5353333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353332&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020132%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kelliher C, Chakravarti S, Vij N, Mazur S, Stahl PJ, Engler C, Matthaei M, Yu SM, Jun AS Abstract Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy is the most common corneal endotheliopathy, and a leading indication for corneal transplantation in the US. Relatively little is known about its underlying pathology. We created a cellular model of the disease focusing on collagen VIII alpha 2 (COL8A2), a collagen which is normally present in the cornea, but which is found in abnormal amounts and distribution in both early and late-onset forms of the disease. We performed cellular transfections using COL8A2 cDNAs including both wild-type and mutant alleles which are known to result in early-onset FECD. We used this cell model to explore the cellular production of wild-type and mutant monome... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353332 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5353332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353334&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sapkota D, Wu F, Mu X PMID: 22019371 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353334 Sat, 15 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5353334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353335&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019354%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schotanus MP, Koetje LR, Van Dyken RE, Ubels JL Abstract The goal of this study was to determine whether elevated [K(+)] protects stratified corneal epithelial cells from entering apoptosis following exposure to ambient levels of UVB radiation. Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells were stratified to form multilayered constructs in culture. The cells were exposed to UVB doses of 100-250 mJ/cm(2) followed by incubation in medium with 5.5-100 mM K(+). The protective effect of K(+) was determined by measuring the caspase-3 and -8 activity and TUNEL staining of the stratified HCLE constructs. In response to UVB exposure, activation of apoptotic pathways peaked at 24 h. Caspase-8 in stratified cells was activated by exposure to UVB at 100-250 mJ/cm(2), and activity... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353335 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5353335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334774&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22008240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang X, Mo X, Li D, Wang Y, Fang Y, Rong X, Miao H, Shou T Abstract Some previous studies have showed that transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) could protect retinal neurons in certain rodent models. However, it is not yet clear whether TES could also definitely protect retinal neurons against ischemic insults. In the present study, we hypothesized that TES had such a neuroprotective effect and further investigated its underlying mechanism. Adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received TES treatment every other day after ocular ischemia was induced by elevating the intraocular pressure to 120mmHg for 60min. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were labeled retrogradely 7 days before ischemia and were counted 7 and 14 days later. At the same time points, retinal function was... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334774 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334776&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gupta VK, You Y, Klistorner A, Graham SL PMID: 22001715 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334776 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334775&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakatani M, Shinohara Y, Takii M, Mori H, Asai N, Nishimura S, Furukawa-Hibi Y, Miyamoto Y, Nitta A Abstract Intraocular administration of neurotrophic factors has been shown to delay irreversible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It would be beneficial for the treatment of optic nerve (ON) injury if such neurotrophic factors could be delivered in a less-invasive manner. The dipeptide leucine-isoleucine (Leu-Ile) appears to induce the production of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in the brain. We therefore administered Leu-Ile via periocular depot injection in rats and investigated the dipeptide's ability to induce BDNF and GDNF in the retina and to delay RGC loss ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334775 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334780&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989109%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, AVN treatment may be considered a useful therapy for proliferative vitreoretinal diseases. PMID: 21989109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334780 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334778&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989111%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xia H, Krebs MP, Kaushal S, Scott EW Abstract Regenerative medicine holds the promise of restoring cells and tissues that are destroyed in human disease, including degenerative eye disorders. However, development of this approach in the eye has been limited by a lack of animal models that show robust regeneration of ocular tissue. Here, we test whether MRL/MpJ mice, which exhibit enhanced wound healing, can efficiently regenerate the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after an injury that mimics the loss of this tissue in age-related macular degeneration. The RPE of MRL/MpJ and control AKR/J mice was injured by retro-orbital injection of sodium iodate at 20 mg/kg body weight, which titration studies indicated was optimal for highlighting strain differences in the response t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334778 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334777&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mergler S, Valtink M, Taetz K, Sahlmüller M, Fels G, Reinach PS, Engelmann K, Pleyer U Abstract The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a Ca(2+)-and Mg(2+) permeable cation channel that might be a cellular osmosensor since it is activated upon hypotonic cell swelling. TRPV4 is also thermosensitive and responds to moderate heat (from 24 to 27 °C) as well as to phorbol esters (4α-PDD) and several endogenous substances including arachidonic acid (AA), the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-AG, and cytochrome P-450 metabolites of AA, such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. The resulting Ca(2+) influx occurring in response to swelling induces regulatory volume decrease (RVD) behavior. As regulation of cell volume is essential for corneal endothelial function, we d... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334777 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5334779&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21989110%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to compare the neurogenic and proliferative abilities between these two major cell populations. It also examined whether differences exist between the pigmented and non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (CE) from the adult human eye. On this basis, Müller glia with stem cell characteristics and pigmented and non-pigmented CE were isolated from human neural retina and ciliary epithelium respectively. Expression of glial, epithelial and neural progenitor markers was examined in these cells following culture under adherent and non-adherent conditions and treatments to induce neural differentiation. Unlike pigmented CE which did not proliferate, non-pigmented CE cells exhibited limited proliferation in vitro, unless epidermal growth factor (EGF) was present in the culture medium ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5334779 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5334779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303368&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983041%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, all scleral regions in the canine eyes exhibited an increased ability to resist and a decreased ability to dampen cyclic stress insults at increasing prestress (i.e., increasing steady-state IOP). The regional variation of the dynamic properties differed from those of uni-axial tensile tests. Dynamic testing may provide useful information to better understand the mechanical behavior of the sclera in response to dynamic IOP. PMID: 21983041 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303368 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5303368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303367&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983042%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laliberté AM, Macpherson TC, Micks T, Yan A, Hill KA Abstract Current animal models of retinal disease often involve the rapid development of a retinal disease phenotype; however, this is at odds with age-related diseases that take many years to manifest clinical symptoms. The present study was performed to examine an Apoptosis-inducingfactor (Aif)-deficient model, the harlequin carrier mouse (X(hq)X), and determine how mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent accelerated aging affect the function and structure of the mouse retina. Vision and eye structure for cohorts of 6 X(hq)X and 6 wild type mice at 3, 11, and 15 months of age were studied using in vivo electroretinography (ERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinal superoxide levels were determined in sit... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303367 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5303367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303366&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983218%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shibata M, Sugiyama T, Hoshiga M, Hotchi J, Okuno T, Oku H, Hanafusa T, Ikeda T Abstract We investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemia on optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow, visual function, and retinal histology in a rabbit model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rabbits by feeding them a high cholesterol (1%) diet for 12 weeks. Changes in blood pressure, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ONH blood flow were monitored at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. The autoregulation of ONH blood flow as detected by laser speckle flowgraphy was verified by an artificial elevation of IOP at 12 weeks. Visually evoked potentials (VEPs) were also recorded and analyzed at 6 and 12 weeks. Finally, a histological examination as well as immunohistochemistry to endothelial nitric oxide s... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303366 Sun, 02 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5303366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303370&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978951%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to determine if a monochromatic environment will affect the development of cones in a guinea pig model. Thirty 3-day-old guinea pigs were randomized into three groups and exposed to green, violet, and white light (control) for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed and the density of middle-wavelength cones (M cones) and short-wavelength sensitive (S cones) and expression of M-opsin and S-opsin were determined. The density of M cones was increased in the green light group as compared to the control group, and decreased in the violet light group as compared to the control group (both, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the density of the S cones among the groups (all, p > 0.05). The density of coexpressing cones in the middle retina was significantly ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303370 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5303370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5303369&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978952%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides in situ evidence that TGFβ and PDGF-B have important roles in modulating myofibroblast generation in the mouse cornea after haze-associated injury. PMID: 21978952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5303369 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5303369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286747&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21970900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stewart EA, Samaranayake GJ, Browning AC, Hopkinson A, Amoaku WM Abstract Neovascular eye diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are two of the most common causes of irreversible visual loss. Although mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the mechanisms of these diseases are not fully understood. Molecular inhibitors of VEGF including pegaptanib, ranibizumab and bevacizumab are used as treatments for these diseases. However, there have been very few direct comparisons between these agents, and as dose and treatment regimes differ their relative efficacies are hard to determine. In vitro comparisons tend to use cells from different sites or species, which show heterogeneity in their responses. The aim o... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286747 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286746&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21970901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zamudio AC, Candia OA Abstract Based on our previous work showing that cow and rabbit lenses isolated with their accommodation anatomical components intact change volume during simulated accommodation in vitro, and that hyposmolality and hyperosmolality also produce volume changes, we tested the idea that exerting these forces simultaneously may add or counteract each other. Further, we attempted to find a point at which osmotic and mechanical forces may cancel each other. Using previously described methodology, we found that combined stretching and anisotonic conditions applied to a lens always produced less of a volume change than that observed on its paired lens from the fellow eye that was only subjected to anisotonic conditions. Our results suggest that a stretching ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286746 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286750&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: He S, Cvekl A PMID: 21963585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286750 Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286749&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srinivas SP Abstract The barrier integrity of the corneal endothelium, which is conferred by its tight and adherens junctions, is critical for the maintenance of deturgescence of the corneal stroma. Although characteristically leaky, the barrier integrity restricts fluid leakage into the stroma such that the rate of leak does not exceed the rate of the endothelial active fluid transport directed toward the aqueous humor. At a molecular level, the barrier integrity is influenced by the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules, which are coupled to tight and adherens junctions via a variety of linker proteins. Since the cytoskeleton is affected by Rho family small GTPases and p38 MAP kinase, among others, many pathophysiological stimuli induce plasticity to the cytoskeleton and t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286749 Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286748&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21963717%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, 7 T MRI scans encompassing the full lens volume were performed on 19 enucleated pig eyes. The eyes were then dissected to isolate and photograph the lens in profile and the lens volumes were measured empirically using a fluid displacement method. Lens volumes were calculated from two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) MR and 2D photographic profile images of the isolated lenses using several different analysis methods. Image based and actual measured lens volumes were compared. The average image-based volume of all lenses varied from the average measured volume of all lenses by 0.6%-6.4% depending on the image analysis method. Image analysis methods that use gradient based edge detection showed higher precision with actual volumes (r(2): 0.957-0.990), while threshold based ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286748 Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5286751&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21958933%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fraunfelder FT, Steinkamp P, Fraunfelder FW PMID: 21958933 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5286751 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5286751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270089&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945171%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we presented the feasibility of utilizing routinely stained cytology smears from UM for molecular genetic testing. The DNA obtained is of sufficient quality to carry out genotyping for markers on chromosome 3, 6 and 8, as well as screening for somatic mutations in GNAQ and GNA11 genes. PMID: 21945171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270089 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270088&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945172%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qin Z, Kidd AR, Thomas JL, Poss KD, Hyde DR, Raymond PA, Thummel R Abstract Fgf signaling is required for many biological processes involving the regulation of cell proliferation and maintenance, including embryonic patterning, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and cancer progression. Although the function of Fgf signaling is suggested in several different regeneration models, including appendage regeneration in amphibians and fin and heart regeneration in zebrafish, it has not yet been studied during zebrafish photoreceptor cell regeneration. Here we demonstrate that intravitreal injections of FGF-2 induced rod precursor cell proliferation and photoreceptor cell neuroprotection during intense light damage. Using the dominant-negative Tg(hsp70:dn-fgfr1) transgenic line, w... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270088 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270092&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang W, Xing W, Ryskamp DA, Punzo C, Križaj D Abstract The DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL6 (B6) mouse strains are widely used in research as models for anxiety, addiction and chronic glaucoma. D2, but not B6, animals develop elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that leads to progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and perikarya. Here we compare the expression and localization of intracellular ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca(2+) store mechanisms in retinas from D2 and B6 animals. A subset of experiments included retinas from D2-Gpnmb(+) mice as strain-specific controls for D2s. RT-PCR analysis showed 6-8 -fold upregulation RyR1, but not RyR2 or RyR3 transcripts, in D2 retinas. The upregulation was more pronounced in D2 retinas categorized as exhibiting moderate or... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270092 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270091&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li H, Lei N, Zhang M, Li Y, Xiao H, Hao X Abstract Conbercept(KH902), a recombinant fusion protein in clinical trial II/III, shows good potential to treat the neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This investigation evaluated its ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile in rabbits following intravitreal administration (IVT). Rabbits (n = 120) received single bilateral conbercept IVT administration or single IV administration. Conbercept concentrations in ocular tissues and serum were measured after dosing. VEGF concentration was also measured simultaneously. The results showed that conbercept rapidly distributed from vitreous into targeted tissues and lasted over 81 days. Clearance in ocular tissues was parallel and exhibited a terminal half of 2... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270091 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5270090&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933674%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether PRM-151 (Promedior, Inc., Malvern, PA), a recombinant form of human pentraxin-2 (PTX-2, also referred to as serum amyloid P, hSAP), that inhibits differentiation of circulating monocytes into fibrocytes and profibrotic macrophages, could modulate generation of myofibroblasts after opacity-producing corneal injury in rabbits, and, therefore, have potential to reduce or prevent haze after PRK. Nine diopter PRK for myopia was performed with the VISX S4 IR laser. Four groups of 6 animals were treated in masked fashion: Group 1: 30 μl of topical PRM-151 (20 mg/ml) 6 times a day for 5 days; Group 2: 30 μl topical vehicle 6 times a day for 5 days; Group 3: 200 μl sub-conjunctival PRM-151 (total injection of 4 mg) immediately after surgery and every other d... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5270090 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5270090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5236177&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930128%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toris CB, Gulati V, Reid T, Quigley H PMID: 21930128 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5236177 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5236177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223588&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21910988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharma PK, Busscher HJ, Terwee T, Koopmans SA, van Kooten TG Abstract A new method of compression between two parallel plates is used to measure the viscoelastic properties of whole and decapsulated human lenses and compare them with other animal species. Compressive load relaxation was performed by deforming the lens by 10% and measuring the force relaxation response for 100 s to obtain thickness, stiffness and relaxation of the induced loading force and Maxwell parameters for human, monkey, porcine and leporine whole and decapsulated lenses. Thickness and percentage loading force relaxation increased linearly with lens age, whereas stiffness and induced loading force increased exponentially. Human and monkey lenses aged at different rates. Loading force relaxation in a ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223588 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223589&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907194%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to elucidate the differential roles of VEGF isoforms in scar formation after trabeculectomy. Furthermore, we also investigated whether pegaptanib (Macugen™, Pfizer), an aptamer which specifically blocks VEGF(165), could improve surgical outcome by reducing postoperative scarring. VEGF-R2 and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) expression was analyzed in vitro by RT-PCR, and were found to be expressed at higher levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as compared to Tenon fibroblasts (TF). The effect of the different VEGF isoforms (VEGF(121), VEGF(165) and VEGF(189)) and pegaptanib on cell proliferation was determined via WST-1 assay. Endothelial cell proliferation was stimulated after addition of VEGF(121) and VEGF(165), whereas VEGF(121) and VEGF(189) increased... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223589 Thu, 01 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5223590&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21906590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joyce NC Abstract The corneal endothelial monolayer helps maintain corneal transparency through its barrier and ionic "pump" functions. This transparency function can become compromised, resulting in a critical loss in endothelial cell density (ECD), corneal edema, bullous keratopathy, and loss of visual acuity. Although penetrating keratoplasty and various forms of endothelial keratoplasty are capable of restoring corneal clarity, they can also have complications requiring re-grafting or other treatments. With the increasing worldwide shortage of donor corneas to be used for keratoplasty, there is a greater need to find new therapies to restore corneal clarity that is lost due to endothelial dysfunction. As a result, researchers have been exploring alternative approaches ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5223590 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5223590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199254&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893055%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toris CB, Quigley H PMID: 21893055 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199254 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199253&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896272%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sippl C, Bosserhoff AK, Fischer D, Tamm ER Abstract Optineurin is a Golgi complex-associated ubiquitous protein with high expression levels in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Mutations in optineurin have been observed in rare hereditary cases of primary open-angle glaucoma and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We explored the possibility that optineurin deficiency will compromise neuronal exocytosis leading to a diminished secretion of neurotrophic factors that are critically required for neuronal survival. To this end, we used RNA interference to induce depletion of optineurin in RGC-5 cells derived from retinal neurons. SiRNA specific for optineurin was transiently transfected. Moreover, a stable cell line with constitutive optineurin deficiency (RGC-5 pSilencer OPTN) was... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199253 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5199255&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hultman D, Newman EA Abstract A micro-advancer device that positions a narrow-gauge needle within the vitreous humor of the rat eye is described. The device is compact, simple and inexpensive to manufacture. It consists of an outer guard needle and an inner injection needle that is advanced through the guard needle. With the rat held in a stereotaxic holder and the globe fixed to a stabilizing ring, the outer 25-gauge guard needle is advanced through the sclera using a standard micromanipulator. The inner 31-gauge injection needle is then advanced through the guard needle with a manually controlled leadscrew and carriage mechanism. The inner injection needle is attached to a Hamilton syringe and can be positioned to within microns of the retinal surface under visual observ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5199255 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5199255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182446&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21872586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nickla DL, Totonelly K Abstract In eyes wearing negative lenses, the D2 dopamine antagonist spiperone was only partly effective in preventing the ameliorative effects of brief periods of vision (Nickla et al., 2010), in contrast to reports from studies using form-deprivation. The present study was done to directly compare the effects of spiperone, and the D1 antagonist SCH-23390, on the two different myopiagenic paradigms. 12-day old chickens wore monocular diffusers (form-deprivation) or -10 D lenses attached to the feathers with matching rings of Velcro. Each day for 4 days, 10 μl intravitreal injections of the dopamine D2/D4 antagonist spiperone (5 nmoles) or the D1 antagonist SCH-23390, were given under isoflurane anesthesia, and the diffusers (n = 16; n = 5, r... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182446 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5182447&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu Y, Allingham RR Abstract Glaucoma is a family of diseases whose pathology is defined by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells. Clinically, glaucoma presents as a distinctive optic neuropathy with associated visual field loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), chronic angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) are the most prevalent forms of glaucoma globally and are the most common causes of glaucoma-related blindness worldwide. A host of genetic and environmental factors contribute to glaucoma phenotypes. This review examines the current status of genetic investigations of POAG, ACG, XFG, including the less common forms of glaucoma primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), the developmental glaucomas, and pigment dispersion glaucoma. PMID: 21... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5182447 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5182447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167517&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854771%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of mutations in the Cytochrome P450 1B1 gene (CYP1B1) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) among different populations. All identifiable original studies on CYP1B1 gene mutations of patients with PCG were reviewed. Finally, DNA mutations within the CYP1B1 gene were identified in 542 patients with PCG according to 52 scientific articles and 147 distinct mutations were found. The 3987G>A (G61E) missense mutation is a founder mutation in Middle Eastern population, responsible for 45.52% of CYP1B1 mutations. In Gypsies, missense mutation 7996G>A (E387K) seems to be a founder mutation, accounting for 79.63% of CYP1B1 mutations. It seems that there is no founder mutation in Asian or Caucasian population, but also... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167517 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167513&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee JG, Ko MK, Kay EP Abstract This review describes the molecular mechanism of endothelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) mediated by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in corneal endothelial cells (CECs). Corneal fibrosis is not frequently observed in corneal endothelium/Descemet's membrane complex; but when this pathologic tissue is produced, it causes a loss of vision by physically blocking light transmittance. Herein, we will address the cellular activities of FGF-2 and its signaling pathways during the EMT process. Furthermore, we will discuss the role of inflammation on FGF-2-mediated EMT. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) greatly upregulates FGF-2 production in CECs, thus leading to FGF-2-mediated EMT; the whole spectrum of the injury-mediated inflammation (IL-1β pathway... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167513 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167516&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854772%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhou Y, Sheets KG, Knott EJ, Regan CE, Tuo J, Chan CC, Gordon WC, Bazan NG Abstract Retinal pathologies common to human eye diseases, including abnormal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, drusen-like accumulation, photoreceptor atrophy, and choroidal neovascularization, have been reported in the Ccl2/Cx3cr1-deficient mouse. The Ccl2 gene encodes the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1), which is responsible for chemotactic recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to sites of inflammation. The Cx3cr1 gene encodes the fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, and is required for accumulation of monocytes and microglia recruited via CCL2. Chemokine-mediated inflammation is implicated in retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneratio... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167516 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167515&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854773%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of the present study were to clone and characterize the phenotype of cells expressing solely MUC1/A versus MUC1/B or a variant lacking the extracellular domain (ΔEX) and to determine whether MUC1/A and MUC1/B differentially modulate inflammatory responses in transfected cells. The additional 27 bp and SNP present in the N-terminus of MUC1/A were cloned into a FLAG-MUC1/B expression vector. Transient transfection of MUC1/A and MUC1/B plasmids into MUC1-null COS-7 cells resulted in similar protein expression and plasma membrane localization. MUC1/B and MUC1/A differed in their ability to modulate tumor necrosis α (TNFα)-induced transcription of IL-1β and IL-8. MUC1/B and MUC1/A inhibited IL-8 induction by TNFα at 4 h. However with 24 h TNFα, MUC1/A increased IL-1β an... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167515 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167512&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21867698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maher GJ, Black GC, Manson FD PMID: 21867698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167512 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167511&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21867699%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grossman GH, Watson RF, Pauer GJ, Bollinger K, Hagstrom SA Abstract Tulp1 is a protein of unknown function exclusive to rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Mutations in the gene cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in humans and photoreceptor degeneration in mice. In tulp1-/- mice, rod and cone opsins are mislocalized, and rhodopsin-bearing extracellular vesicles accumulate around the inner segment, indicating that Tulp1 is involved in protein transport from the inner segment to the outer segment. To investigate this further, we sought to define which outer segment transport pathways are Tulp1-dependent. We used immunohistochemistry to examine the localization of outer segment proteins in tulp1-/- photoreceptors, prior to retinal degeneration. We also surveyed the ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167511 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167514&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmedt T, Silva MM, Ziaei A, Jurkunas U Abstract The phrase "corneal endothelial dystrophies" embraces a group of bilateral corneal conditions that are characterized by a non-inflammatory and progressive degradation of corneal endothelium. Corneal endothelial cells exhibit a high pump site density and, along with barrier function, are responsible for maintaining the cornea in its natural state of relative dehydration. Gradual loss of endothelial cells leads to an insufficient water outflow, resulting in corneal edema and loss of vision. Since the pathologic mechanisms remain largely unknown, the only current treatment option is surgical transplantation when vision is severely impaired. In the past decade, important steps have been taken to understand how endothelial degen... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167514 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126123&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simon E, Bardet B, Grégoire S, Acar N, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be partially prevented by dietary habits privileging the consumption of ω3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3s) while lowering linoleic acid (LA) intake. The present study aimed to document whether following these epidemiological guidelines would enrich the neurosensory retina and RPE with ω3s and modulate gene expression in the neurosensory retina. Rat progenitors and pups were fed with diets containing low or high LA, and low or high ω3s. After scotopic single flash and 8-Hz-Flicker electroretinography, rat pups were euthanized at adulthood. The fatty acid profile of the neurosensory retina, RPE, liver, adipose tissue and plasma was analyzed... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126123 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126122&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bussières S, Cantin L, Salesse C Recent work on Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) allowed to gather a large amount of information on its secondary structure, enzymatic properties and membrane binding. A truncated form of LRAT (tLRAT) as well as its S175R mutant leading to retinis pigmentosa, a severe form of retinal dystrophy, were studied to understand the role of this mutation on the dysfunction of this protein. Consistently with previous reports, the S175R-tLRAT mutant was shown to lack enzyme activity. However, very similar secondary structures probed by circular dichroism have been obtained with the S175R-tLRAT mutant and tLRAT. Moreover, similar values of maximum insertion pressure of the S175R-tLRAT mutant and tLRAT have been obtained using Langmuir monolayers, t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126122 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126121&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen B, Tang L Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes profound tissue damage, especially retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The aims of the study were to investigate whether catalase (CAT) has a neuroprotective effect on RGC after I/R injury in rats, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanism. Wistar female rats were randonmized into four groups: normal control group (Control group), retinal I/R with vehicle group (I/R with vehicle group), retinal I/R with AAV-CAT group (I/R with AAV-CAT group), and normal retina with AAV-CAT group (normal with AAV-CAT group). One eye of each rat was pretreated with recombinant adeno-associated virus containing catalase gene (I/R with AAV-CAT group or normal with AAV-CAT group) and recombinant adeno-associated virus containi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126121 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126120&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marchena M, Lara J, Aijón J, Germain F, de la Villa P, Velasco A In this work, we used the pcd (Purkinje cell degeneration) mutant mouse with a slow temporal progression of photoreceptor degeneration in order to analyze the structural and functional modifications in the neuronal populations of the outer and inner retina. Retinal immunocytochemistry and functional electroretinography were performed on the pcd/pcd mutant mice and control wild type animals of the C57/DBA strain at 45, 90, 180 and 270 post-natal days. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for a series of protein markers: calbindin, calretinin, PKCα, bassoon, synapsin, syntaxin and islet1. Full field electroretinography recordings were performed on control and dystrophic mice. Rod and mixed responses, and os... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126120 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126126&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21819979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nickells RW Studies of the functions of members of the Bcl2 gene family suggested that apoptosis was controlled by a rheostat in which anti-apoptotic proteins like BCL2 bound and sequestered pro-apoptotic proteins like BAX. Our current understanding of these proteins suggests that this is a simplistic model. The new rheostat model predicts that BH3-only peptides act as neutralizing ligands for the anti-apoptotic proteins, thus allowing molecules like BAX to become activated and initiate mitochondrial dysfunction - a critical step in the intrinsic apoptotic program. Studies of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis indicate that a threshold of BAX expression is required for its successful activation, which is independent of the overall concentration of anti-apoptotic proteins in thes... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126126 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126125&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21819980%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osborne NN Retinal ganglion cell axons within the globe are functionally specialised being richly provided with many mitochondria. Mitochondria produce the high energy that is required for nerve conduction in the unmylenated part of the ganglion cell axons and for the maintenance of optimum neuronal function. We proposed that in the initiation of glaucoma (POAG) an alteration in the quality of blood flow dynamics in the optic nerve head results in sustained or intermittent ischemia of a defined nature. This results in normal mitochondrial function being negatively affected and as a consequence retinal ganglion cell function is compromised. Ganglion cells in this state are now susceptible to secondary insults which they would normally tolerate. One secondary insult to ganglion ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126125 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126124&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21819981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qu J, Wang D, Grosskreutz CL Glaucoma is a disease in which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die leading ultimately to blindness. Over the past decade and a half, information has begun to emerge regarding specific molecular responses of the retina to conditions of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). It is now clear that the state of the RGC in glaucoma depends on a balance of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in the retina and details of these responses are still being worked out. In this review, we will discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of specific apoptotic cascades as well as the insults that trigger RGC apoptosis. In addition, we will present evidence supporting the existence of endogenous protective mechanisms as well as exogenous neuroprotective strategies... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126124 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126128&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thangaraj G, Greif A, Layer PG Structurally stable in vitro-model systems are indispensible to analyse neural development during embryogenesis, follow cellular differentiation and evaluate neurotoxicological or growth factor effects. Here we describe a three-dimensional, long-term in vitro-culture system of the embryonic chick retina which supports photoreceptor development. Retinal tissue was isolated from E6 chick eye, and cultured as explants by continuous orbital rotation to allow free floatation without any supporting materials. Young stage (E6) immature retinas were cultured for various time periods in order to follow the differentiation of cell types and plexiform layers by immunocytochemical methods. These explants could be cultured for at least 2-3 weeks with remark... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126128 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126130&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21810423%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explores the effect of extracellular maspin on the plasminogen-plasminogen activator system of corneal stromal cells following wounding. Treatment of corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with r-maspin increased extracellular but not cell-associated tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Despite the extracellular increase in PAI-1, the net effect of maspin treatment was an increase in plasminogen activation. At physiological levels, maspin did not alter uPA or tPA mRNA levels, in these cells. The increase in pro and active uPA was due to decreased clearance in the presence of maspin for myofibroblasts but not for fibroblasts. The clearance of pro and active tPA was normal in fibroblasts ind... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126130 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126129&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21810424%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes that model and presents our initial findings. Following intracameral injection of (125)I-bovine serum albumin (BSA), lymph was continuously collected via cannulated cervical lymphatic vessels and the thoracic lymphatic duct over either a 3-h or 5-h time period. In the same animals, blood samples were collected from the right jugular vein every 15 min. Lymphatic and TM drainage were quantitatively assessed by measuring (125)I-BSA in lymph and plasma, respectively. Radioactive tracer levels were also measured in UVS and "other" ocular tissue, as well as periocular tissue harvested 3 and 5 h post-injection. Tracer recovered from UVS tissue was used to estimate UVS drainage. The amount of (125)I-BSA recovered from different fluid and tissue compartments was expressed as ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126129 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5126127&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21816153%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study did not detect an association between individual AMD risk genotypes and the putatively protective MP, or serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids. However, the combination of homozygous risk alleles at both CFH and ARMS2 loci was associated with significantly lower MPOD centrally, despite comparable serum concentrations of the macular carotenoids. These findings suggest that the maculae of subjects at very high genetic risk of AMD represent a hostile environment for accumulation and/or stabilization of MP. PMID: 21816153 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5126127 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5126127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077379&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21791206%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamagishi R, Aihara M, Araie M Prostaglandin (PG) analogues may have an additional effect to protect neurons independent of IOP reduction. Only a few reports indicated that some PG analogues had neuroprotective effects or increased blood flow in in vivo and in vitro models. However, there is no comparative study using all clinically available PG analogues and also using primary culture of retinal ganglion cell (RGC). Our purpose of study is to investigate the direct neuroprotective effect of PG analogues on glutamate- and hypoxia-induced RGC death using rat purified primary RGC culture with latanoprost acid, travoprost acid, bimatoprost acid, bimatoprost, tafluprost acid, unoprostone, and PGF2α. Purified RGCs cultures were obtained from retinas of 6 days old Wistar rats, fo... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077379 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077380&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21787771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whitcomb JE, Amini R, Simha NK, Barocas VH Indentation and histological analysis of the porcine iris were done to assess the relative stiffness of the anterior (stroma) and posterior (dilator and sphincter) layers. The dimensions of the constituent structures were documented histologically by staining with a monoclonal anti-human α-smooth muscle actin antibody to determine the location of the stroma, sphincter, and dilator. Intact porcine irides (4-8 h post-mortem) were bisected into two equal C-shaped halves to indent both surfaces. Indentation experiments were performed using a 1 mm cylindrical indenter tip. The load-displacement curve for each experiment was used to estimate effective instantaneous and equilibrium moduli for the anterior and posterior surfaces of the ti... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077380 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077383&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777583%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ko ML, Chen CF, Peng PH, Peng YH Simvastatin has been shown to enhance the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by mediating the expression of stress proteins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simvastatin on retinal neurons and the expression of apoptotic proteins in a rat IR model. Wistar rats received intravitreal injection of simvastatin immediately after retinal reperfusion. Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 150mmHg for 60min. The number of viable RGCs was measured after retrograde labeling with Fluoro-Gold. Ischemia-induced apoptotic cell death was studied using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). We found that simvastatin t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077383 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077382&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777584%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Srivastava GK, Reinoso R, Singh AK, Fernandez-Bueno I, Hileeto D, Martino M, Garcia-Gutierrez MT, Pigazo Merino JM, Alonso NF, Corell A, Pastor JC Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are currently in the "spotlight" of cell therapy approaches to some retinal diseases. The analysis of the expressed proteins of RPE primary cells is an essential step for many of these approaches. But the emission of autofluorescence by RPE cells produces higher background noise interference thereby creating an impediment to this analysis. Trypan Blue (TB), a routinely used counterstain, has the capacity to quench this autofluorescence, if it is used in optimized concentration. The results from the method developed in our study indicate that incubation of the cultured RPE cells with 20 μg/m... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077382 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077381&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21777585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kampik D, Ali RR, Larkin DF Transfer of cDNA to corneal endothelial cells has been demonstrated in cell monolayers in vitro, in endothelium of whole thickness corneas ex vivo and following intracameral injection. Studies examining the feasibility and optimal methods for gene transfer to the cornea have used viral and non-viral vectors, initially histochemical or fluorescent marker genes, and in endothelium of numerous species ranging from mouse to man. As the feasibility of genetic modification of corneal endothelial cells has been successfully demonstrated in a number of cell culture and animal models, there is significant potential for gene transfer in the treatment of human corneal endothelial disease. The two most widely studied applications of gene transfer to endotheli... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077381 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077384&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21767533%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that FPF is a useful measure of mitochondrial function in retinal cells and tissues and can detect early mitochondrial dysfunction that may precede apoptosis. PMID: 21767533 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077384 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5077385&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21763309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xia Y, Chai X, Zhou C, Ren Q Collagen crosslinking induced by riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation (UVAR) has recently been introduced as a clinical treatment to halt or reverse the progression of keratoconus. We investigated changes in corneal sensitivity and nerve morphology as part of a comprehensive safety evaluation of this treatment. Fifty-four New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: UVAR with deepithelialization, UVAR without deepithelialization, and deepithelialization alone. Corneal sensitivity was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer before treatment and 3, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Corneal nerve morphology was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase histochemistry staining. We found that corneal sensitivity i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5077385 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5077385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028613&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mackay DS, Halford S PMID: 21745470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028613 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028612&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745471%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, sustained elevations in extracellular ATP levels accompany the chronic elevation of IOP in chronic glaucoma. As numerous ocular tissues express purinergic receptors, an increased extracellular ATP may have diverse physiological and pathophysiological effects. PMID: 21745471 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028612 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028611&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21749870%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matsuba M, Hutcheon AE, Zieske JD Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a multifunctional matrix protein that has recently been examined in various wound processes, primarily for its ability to activate the latent complex of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). TGF-β has been shown to play a major role in stimulating mesenchymal cells to synthesize extracellular matrix. After injury, corneal keratocytes become activated and transform into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Our hypothesis is that TSP-1 regulates the transformation of keratocytes into myofibroblasts (MF) via TGF-β. In the current study, we examined the expression of TSP-1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a marker of MF, during rat corneal wound healing. Three-mm keratectomy or debridement wounds were made in the cent... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028611 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028615&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21736877%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ohlmann A, Merkl R, Tamm ER PMID: 21736877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028615 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028614&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21740901%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated whether IAA also produced PR degeneration in the porcine retina, whether the damage was preferential for rods or cones, and whether IAA induced remodeling of the inner retina. Pigs were given a single i.v. injection of IAA and were euthanized 2-5 weeks later. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in fixative. Forty-six eyes were studied: Control (n = 13), and from pigs that had received the following IAA doses: 5.0 mg/kg (n = 7); 7.5 mg/kg (n = 10); 10.0 mg/kg (n = 6); 12.0 mg/kg (n = 6). Tissue was retrieved from four retinal locations: 8 mm and 2 mm above the dorsal margin of the optic disc, and 2 mm and 8 mm below the disc, and was processed for conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. At 5.0 mg/kg IAA pr... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028614 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028618&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21726551%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, axial ocular component dimensions are highly heritable in mice, as they are in humans. OCT with extended depth range scanning can be used to rapidly phenotype individual mice with sufficient accuracy and precision to permit gene mapping studies. PMID: 21726551 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028618 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028616&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21729696%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we sought to determine whether eyes from donors with a high-risk genotype (homozygosity for the histidine allele at codon 402) exhibit altered levels of membrane attack complex (MAC) in the choroid, compared to eyes with a low risk genotype (homozygosity for tyrosine). Proteins were extracted from the RPE/choroid of 18 donors (10 low risk and 8 high risk) and levels of MAC were assessed using an ELISA assay. Eyes from donors homozygous for the histidine allele showed 69% higher levels of MAC than those homozygous for the tyrosine allele (p < 0.05), independent of whether the eyes showed signs of early AMD. Our results provide evidence that high-risk CFH genotypes may affect AMD risk by increased deposition of MAC around the aging choriocapillaris. PMID: 21729696 [Pub... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028616 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028620&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723281%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Proulx S, Brunette I Corneal transplantation is the only available treatment to restore vision in patients suffering from endotheliopathies. Tissue engineering offers new alternatives for the replacement of dysfunctional corneal endothelial cells. This review reports the current knowledge on the reconstruction and transplantation of a tissue-engineered corneal endothelium. It describes the cell source, cell isolation, culture, carriers used for reconstruction, as well as alternatives to using carriers. It also reviews the different in vitro and in vivo assessments used to characterize the tissue-engineered endothelium and the different animal models used to test its functionality. Finally, a brief discussion describes the steps and requirements for the technological transfer... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028620 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028617&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21726552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jain P, Li R, Lama T, Saragovi HU, Cumberlidge G, Meerovitch K The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MIM-D3, a small molecule nerve growth factor (NGF) peptidomimetic, as a therapeutic agent in rats with scopolamine induced dry eye. NGF plays an important role in ocular surface maintenance and corneal wound healing and was recently shown to have mucin secretagogue activity in conjunctival cells. We investigated whether MIM-D3 increased glycoconjugate secretion in conjunctival cells in vitro and in rat tear fluids in vivo. Primary rat conjunctival cell cultures were treated with increasing concentrations of MIM-D3 and evaluated for glycoconjugate secretion, proliferation and MAPK1/2 activation. Glycoconjugates were quantitated in tear fluids from normal rats t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028617 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028623&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21722634%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated that TGF-β2 induction of TGM2 can be mediated via the canonical Smad-signaling pathway but does not appear to involve CTGF as a downstream mediator. Regulation of the Smad-signaling pathway in the TM may be useful in the therapy for glaucoma associated with aberrant TGF-β2 signaling. PMID: 21722634 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028623 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028619&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723863%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, gene transfer was investigated in the retina of neonatal and adult rats after intravenous injection of self-complementary (sc) rAAV serotype 1, 5, 6, 8, and 9 carrying a CMV-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP), by fluorescence fundus photography and histological examination. Neonatal rats injected with scAAV2/9 vector displayed the strongest GFP expression in the retina, within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Retinal tropism of scAAV2/9 vector was further assessed after systemic delivery in large animal models, i.e., dogs and cats. Interestingly, efficient gene transfer was observed in the RPE cells of these two large animal models following neonatal intravenous injection of the vector. The ability of scAAV2/9 to transduce simultaneously neurons in the central... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028619 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028622&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21722635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murphy TR, Vihtelic TS, Ile KE, Watson CT, Willer GB, Gregg RG, Bankaitis VA, Hyde DR The zebrafish lens opaque (lop) mutant was previously isolated in a genetic screen and shown to lack rod and cone photoreceptors and exhibit lens opacity, or cataract, at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). In this manuscript, we provide four different lines of evidence demonstrating that the lop phenotype results from a defect in the cdipt (phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthase; CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase) gene. First, DNA sequence analysis revealed that the lop mutant contained a missense mutation in the lop open reading frame, which yields a nonconservative amino acid substitution (Ser-111-Cys) within the PI synthase catalytic domain. Second, morpholino-mediated knock... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028622 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028625&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21712031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hsu YL, Yu HS, Lin HC, Wu KY, Yang RC, Kuo PL Although many studies have been performed to elucidate the molecular consequences of ultraviolet irradiation, little is known about the effect of infrared radiation on ocular disease. In addition to photons, heat is generated as a consequence of infrared irradiation, and heat shock is widely considered to be an environmental stressor. Here, we are the first to investigate the biological effect of heat shock on Statens Seruminstitut Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Our results indicate that heat shock exhibits effective cell proliferation inhibition by inducing apoptosis. Heat shock triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, resulting in caspase-9 activity. In addition, heat shock triggered th... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028625 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028624&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21718696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arciniega JC, Nadji EJ, Butovich IA The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of free fatty acids (FFA), namely oleic (OA) and linoleic (LA) ones, on meibomian lipid films (MLF) using a Langmuir trough (LT) and a Brewster angle microscope (BAM). Human meibum was collected from healthy volunteers. A Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH 7.4) was used as the control aqueous subphase for LT experiments. Then, varying amounts of OA and LA were dissolved in TBS to make FFA-containing subphases. Predetermined amounts of meibum were loaded onto the surface of the (TBS/±FFA) subphases to form MLF. Then, surface pressure-area (π/A) isotherms of MLF were recorded. Standard rheological parameters such as rigidity, elasticity, and hysteresis, were computed. In a separate experiment, ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028624 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5028621&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723280%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we test the hypothesis that chronic stress to inner retinal neurons also triggers a retinal regeneration response in the bugeye zebrafish. Mutations in the lrp2 gene in zebrafish are associated with a progressive eye phenotype (bugeye) that models several risk factors for human glaucoma including buphthalmos (enlarged eyes), elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and upregulation of genes related to retinal ganglion cell pathology. The retinas of adult bugeye zebrafish showed high rates of ongoing proliferation which resulted in the production of a small number of new retinal neurons, particularly photoreceptors. A marker of mechanical cell stress, Hsp27, was strongly expressed in inner retinal neurons and glia of bugeye retinas. The more enlarged eyes of individual bugeye zebr... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5028621 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5028621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4983360&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21693119%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonanno JA The corneal endothelium is responsible for maintaining the hydration of the cornea. This is through a "Pump-Leak" mechanism where the active transport properties of the endothelium represent the "Pump" and the stromal swelling pressure represents the "Leak". For the "Pump", Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity and the presence of HCO(3)(-), Cl(-), and carbonic anhydrase activity are required. Several basolateral (stromal side) anion transporters, apical (facing the aqueous humor) ion channels and water channels have been identified that could support a model for ion secretion as the basis for the endothelial pump, however evidence of sustained anion fluxes, osmotic gradients or the need for water channels is lacking. This has prompted consideration of other models, such as E... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4983360 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4983360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928793&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21669199%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to clarify the possible therapeutic benefit of preferential nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition and catalytic antioxidant Mn (III) meso-tetrakis (N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+)) treatment in a rat model of elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP). Rats were randomly divided into different experimental groups which received either intraperitoneal MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) (0.1 mg/kg/day), intragastric NOS inhibitor (S-methylthiourea: SMT; 5 mg/kg/day) or both agents for a period of 6 weeks. Ocular hypertension was induced by unilaterally cauterizing three episcleral vessels and the unoperated eye served as control. Neuroprotective effects of given treatments were determined via electrophysiological measurements of visual evoked potentials (VEP) while retina... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928793 Thu, 09 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928792&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21669200%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu Z, Zhang Y, Freddo TF, Gong H Our previous studies in bovine eyes demonstrated that the structural correlate to the increase in outflow facility after either Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (Y27) treatment or washout appeared to be separation between the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) and inner wall (IW) of the aqueous plexus, the bovine equivalent of Schlemm's canal (SC). While these findings suggest that Y27 and washout may increase outflow facility through a similar mechanism, the anatomy of bovine outflow pathway differs considerably from both the human and monkey outflow pathway; however, only the human eye does not exhibit washout. In light of this, we compared the effects of Y27 and washout on outflow facility, hydrodynamic patterns of outflow, and the morphology of the ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928792 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928795&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21651908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gerometta R, Alvarez LJ, Candia OA Anecdotal reports have suggested that the vasodilator, sildenafil citrate, which evokes its effect via a select inhibition of PDE5, has the potential to increase intraocular pressure (IOP) in some individuals. An ocular hypertensive effect by sildenafil was also recently described in a sheep animal model. In contrast, clinical studies have not found a direct association between sildenafil ingestion (commonly consumed as Viagra) and changes in IOP. However, some such studies also reported no effects of sildenafil on systemic blood pressure (BP) at the time of the IOP determination. Given this surprising result, our purpose was to repeat a study in human volunteers in the city of Corrientes, Argentina to corroborate the effects of sildenafil on... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928795 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928794&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21658386%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang Z, Yadav AS, Leskova W, Harris NR The mechanisms of early diabetes-induced decreases in retinal blood flow have yet to be fully determined. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) plays a role in the early decrease of retinal hemodynamics in diabetic mice. 20-HETE has been implicated previously in the diabetes-enhanced vasoconstriction of mesenteric and renal vessels; however, its role in the diabetic retinal microcirculation has not been investigated. Diabetes was induced by multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days), then ∼2 weeks later the mice were administered daily intraperitoneal injections with or without the 20-HETE inhibitor HET0016 (2.5 mg/kg/day) for the f... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928794 Sun, 29 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928800&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21635889%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the effect of TMP on lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats, addressing the potential of TMP eye drops to prevent and treat cataracts. Results showed that the extent of lens opacification in the untreated Normal Control group (NC group) was significantly less than that of selenite-injected untreated rats (MC group) on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 (p < 0.001), while TMP treated selenite-injected rats (TMP group) had less lens opacification than the MC group on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 (p < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the MC group had significantly decreased activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) and significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and calcium ion content (p < 0.001). Compar... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928800 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928797&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clark A PMID: 21641902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928797 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928796&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21641903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kalariya NM, Ramana KV, Vankuijk FJ PMID: 21641903 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928796 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928798&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640104%26dopt%3DAbstract This study's purpose was to evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness in healthy eyes of black and white children, comparing values for eyes with large cup-to-disc ratios against those with small cup-to-disc ratios (normal controls). Using Stratus OCT (OCT 3) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) a fast macular thickness and fast RNFL 3.4 protocol were performed on normal eyes of normal children. Included were children (aged 5-17 years) with normal ophthalmic examinations, drawn from data generated during an ongoing study of OCT in children. Excluded were eyes with corrected vision below 20/20, spherical equivalent >5 diopters, intraocular pressure >21 mm Hg, abnormal optic nerve rim, prematurity, f... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928798 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4928799&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21635890%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Driscoll C, Doonan F, Sanvicens N, Messeguer A, Cotter TG The benzopyran BP (3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1(2H)-benzopyran) is a free radical scavenger that is structurally similar to alpha-tocopherol and has provided neuro-protection in a number of disease models where oxidative stress is a causative factor. A novel derivative of BP with improved lipid solubility, which we have designated BP3, was synthesized and its neuro-protective efficacy subsequently analyzed in three mouse models of retinal disease in vivo. In the acute light damage model, balb/c mice received a single intra-peritoneal injection (200mg/kg) of BP3 one hour prior to phototoxicity, reducing photoreceptor degeneration for up to 48h post insult. In the rd10/rd10 mouse, a chronic model of i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4928799 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4928799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780082&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21515142%26dopt%3DAbstract Forthcoming "Focus on Molecules" articles. Exp Eye Res. 2011 May;92(5):315 Authors: PMID: 21515142 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780082 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780077&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21530506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stowell C, Arbogast B, Cioffi G, Burgoyne C, Zhou A In this work we compared proteomic changes in non-human primate (NHP) retinas at the onset of early experimental glaucoma (EEG) and 3 weeks after optic nerve transection (ONT), as a means to identify regulators in the retina's response to EEG and ONT. Both eyes of 7 NHPs with either unilateral EEG (n = 4) or ONT (n = 3) were enucleated. Proteins were analyzed by a label-free quantitative mass spectrometry system and the abundance of identified retinal proteins was compared between the treated eye and its contralateral control for each NHP. Cellular processes associated with regulated proteins were identified using the MetaCore program. As a result, a total of 209 and 200 proteins were identified in EEG and ONT retinas, re... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780077 Fri, 22 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780078&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21524649%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arthur S, Cantor LB Glaucoma is the second most common cause of world blindness (following cataract) with estimated cases reaching 79.6 million by 2020. Although the etiology of glaucoma is multi-factorial, intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable factor in glaucoma management proven to alter the natural course of the disease. Among various classes of IOP-lowering medications currently available, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists are used either as monotherapy, as second-line therapy, or in fixed combination with beta-blockers. Non-selective adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine and dipivefrin are infrequently used today for the treatment of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and have been replaced by the alpha-2-selective agonists. The use of apraclonidine for IOP r... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780078 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780081&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21524647%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes analysis of functions of two missense mutations, G36A, and G51A, causing optic-nerve hypoplasia and optic-disc coloboma in humans, respectively. Mutations were created by site-directed mutagenesis. Products were detected by in-vitro translation and transient transfection to the cultured NIH-3T3 cells. Their DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation properties were analysed through electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Mutations induced changes in conformation and secondary structure of PAX6, and PAX6(5a) not only restrict to specific site of mutation in the paired-domain but extend to homeodomain, and transactivation domain. The PAX6-G36A showed reduced binding to PAX6-consensus binding sequence and PAX6(5a)-consensus bind... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780081 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780079&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21524648%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biesemeier A, Schraermeyer U, Eibl O Energy-filtered analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to image the ultrastructure and determine quantitatively the chemical composition of pigment granules of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium of two healthy human donors, aged 68 and 85 years. The electron microscopy preparation procedure did not affect the autofluorescence of melanolipofuscin and lipofuscin granules, since staining was omitted during sample preparation. Oval melanosomes, melanolipofuscin and lipofuscin granules were observed, having sizes of about 1.5μm×0.5μm, and analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Up to now, these pigments could only be identified by scattering contrast in bright field ima... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780079 Fri, 15 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780083&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21514296%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kagemann L, Wollstein G, Ishikawa H, Sigal IA, Folio LS, Xu J, Gong H, Schuman JS Aqueous humor (AH) exiting the eye via the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal (SC) passes through the deep and intrascleral venous plexus (ISVP) or directly through aqueous veins. The purpose of this study was to visualize the human AH outflow system 360° in three dimensions (3D) during active AH outflow in a virtual casting. The conventional AH outflow pathways of 7 donor eyes were imaged with a modified Bioptigen spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (Bioptigen Inc, USA; SuperLum LTD, Ireland) at a perfusion pressure of 20 mmHg (N = 3), and 10 mmHg (N = 4). In all eyes, 36 scans (3 equally distributed in each clock hour), each covering a 2 × 3 × 2 mm volume (512... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780083 Thu, 14 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780084&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21501608%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the hypothesis that application of a post-conditioning stimulus at 24 h or greater following the end of prolonged ischemia would decrease the extent of ischemic injury. Ischemia was induced in rat retina in vivo. Recovery after ischemia followed by 5 min of post-conditioning brief ischemia 24 or 48 h after prolonged ischemia was assessed functionally (electroretinography) and histologically at 7 days after ischemia and post-conditioning or sham post-conditioning. We found that the brief ischemic stimulus applied 24, but not 48 h after prolonged ischemia significantly improved functional recovery and decreased histological damage induced by prolonged ischemia. We conclude that within a defined time window, delayed post-ischemic conditioning ameliorated post-i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780084 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4780084