MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Experimental Eye Research' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 14:53:43 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3383816&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20298689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han X, Zhang MC Slits are large secreted proteins critical for axon guidance and neuronal precursor cell migration in nervous system. Evidence suggests that classical neuronal guidance cues also regulate vascular development. Our objective was to investigate whether neuronal guidance cue Slit2 and Roundabout (Robo) receptors are involved in corneal neovascularization (NV). Corneal NV model in rats was induced by implantation of agarose-coated gelfoam pellets containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) into corneal stroma. Differential expression of Slit2 and Robo1-4 between normal and neovascularized cornea was detected by real-time RT-PCR and visualized by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were harvest... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3383816 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3383816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3383815&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20298690%26dopt%3DAbstract We report that EPO stimulates EC proliferation, migration, tube formation and permeability whereas PEDF inhibits the EPO-induced ECs proliferation and permeability. Over expression of DN Akt blocked EPO stimulation of proliferation and permeability, while over expression of CA Akt rescues the inhibitory effect of PEDF on proliferation and permeability. These results demonstrate that PEDF may inhibit the EPO-induced proliferation and permeability via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. PMID: 20298690 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3383815 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3383815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377363&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20230818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nickells RW Studies of the functions of members of the Bcl2 gene family suggested that apoptosis was controlled by a rheostat in which anti-apoptotic proteins like BCL2 bound and sequestered pro-apoptotic proteins like BAX. Our current understanding of these proteins suggests that this is a simplistic model. The new rheostat model predicts that BH3-only peptides act as neutralizing ligands for the anti-apoptotic proteins, thus allowing molecules like BAX to become activated and initiate mitochondrial dysfunction - a critical step in the intrinsic apoptotic program. Studies of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis indicate that a threshold of BAX expression is required for its successful activation, which is independent of the overall concentration of anti-apoptotic proteins in these... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377363 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3377363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377362&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20230819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faghiri Z, Bazan NG The initiation and progression of several forms of retinal degenerations involve excessive, repetitive, and/or sustained oxidative stress that, in turn, mediate photoreceptor cell damage and death. Since phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mTOR/p70S6-kinase pathways are part of survival signaling in cells confronted with oxidative stress, we asked whether or not docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) mediates survival upon single-dose and/or repetitive oxidative stress through this pathway. For this purpose, we used human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells challenged by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plus tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). We found that in single-dose oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, phosph... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377362 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3377362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377361&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20230820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: García-Castiñeiras S This review is focused on iron metabolism in the retina and in the lens and its relation to their respective age-related pathologies, macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract (ARC). Several aspects of iron homeostasis are considered first in the retina and second in the lens, paying particular attention to the transport of iron through the blood-retinal barrier and through the lens epithelial cell barrier, to the immunochemistry of iron-related proteins and their expression in both the retina and the lens, and to the nature of the photochemical damage caused by UV light on both tissues. A comparative overview of some iron related parameters (total iron, transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity), in plasma and ocular... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377361 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3377361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3364000&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20223234%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ledbetter EC, Kice NC, Matusow RB, Dubovi EJ, Kim SG Recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) ocular infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and blindness. Factors that trigger viral reactivation are poorly understood and the role of topical ocular corticosteroid administration in the development of recurrent HSV-1 ocular disease is not clear. Clinical reports and epidemiological studies suggested topical corticosteroids may reactivate latent HSV-1 and result in recrudescent ocular disease; however, experimental studies to establish this causal relationship produced inconsistent results. The previous experimental studies were performed by infecting unnatural host species with HSV-1 and aspects of viral behavior and reactivation within these animals may differ from the host ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3364000 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3364000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363999&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20223235%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Govindarajan B, Gipson IK Membrane-tethered mucins are large glycoproteins present in the glycocalyx along the apical surface of all wet-surfaced epithelia of the body, including that of the ocular surface. Originally thought to function only in epithelial surface lubrication and hydration, data now indicate that the mucins are multifunctional molecules, each having unique as well as common functions. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the three major membrane mucins of the ocular surface, MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16. The mucins vary in their ocular surface distribution, size, structural motifs, and functions. The ectodomains of each are released into the tear film and are, thus, a component of the soluble mucins of the tear film. Both animal and in vitro models for ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363999 Mon, 08 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3363999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3351086&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206163%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hussain AA, Starita C, Hodgetts A, Marshall J Macromolecular species such as retinal binding protein, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, etc., released by the fenestrated choroidal capillaries must diffuse across Bruch's membrane for interaction with the basal membranes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for delivery of essential metabolites to the neural retina. The patency of this pathway through ageing Bruch's was examined by quantifying the diffusional flux of a 21.2kDa fluorescein-isothiocyanate labelled dextran. Dextran flux measurements across Bruch's membrane from the macular region of the human fundus showed a highly significant decrease (p< 0.001) with ageing of donor such that diffusional transport in the ninth decade was about 6.5% of that in the first decade of l... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3351086 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3351086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281138&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20159203%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20159203 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281138 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 14:04:06 +0100 3281138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281140&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20159011%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, three different methods of pilocarpine administration are evaluated for their effectiveness in stimulating accommodation in rhesus monkeys. Experiments were performed in 17 iridectomized, anesthetized rhesus monkeys aged 4 to 16 years. Maximum accommodation was stimulated in all these monkeys with a 2% pilocarpine solution maintained on the cornea for at least 30minutes in a specially designed perfusion lens. In subsequent topical pilocarpine experiments, baseline refraction was measured with a Hartinger coincidence refractometer and then while the monkeys were upright and facing forward, commercially available pilocarpine (2, 4, or 6 %) was applied topically to the cornea as 2 or 4 drops in two applications or 6 drops in three applications over a five minute period with the... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281140 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3281141&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20156438%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leiske DL, Raju SR, Ketelson HA, Millar TJ, Fuller GG As the interface between the aqueous layer of the tear film and air, the lipid layer plays a large role in maintaining tear film stability. Meibomian lipids are the primary component of the lipid layer; therefore the physical properties of these materials may be particularly crucial to the functionality of the tear film. Surface pressure versus area isotherms, interfacial shear and extensional rheology, and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) were used to characterize the Meibomian lipids from different species known to have different lipid compositions. The isotherms of humans, bovinae, wallabies, rabbits and kultarrs (a small desert marsupial) were qualitatively similar with little hysteresis between compression and expansion... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3281141 Fri, 12 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3281141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276014&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murdaugh LS, Wang Z, Del Priore LV, Dillon J, Gaillard ER Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease leading to severe visual loss and legal blindness in the elderly population. The pathophysiology of AMD is complex and may include genetic predispositions, accumulation of lipofuscin and drusen, local inflammation and neovascularization. Recently four independent research groups have identified a commonly inherited variant (Y402H) of the complement factor H gene in the genome from different groups of AMD patients. The Y402H variant of CFH significantly increases the risk of AMD and links the genetics of the disease with inflammation. During inflammation there is activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and release of nitric oxide, which in principal could lead to ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276014 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276012&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yamashita H, Sugihara K, Yamada C, Tsutsumi S, Iwaki Y The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of estrogen on functional changes in the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by using an electroretinography. Female rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: (1) Control (sham operation and vehicle administration); (2) STZ (sham operation and STZ administration); (3) OVX (ovariectomy and vehicle administration); and (4) OVX + STZ (ovariectomy and STZ administration). Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded before OVX and STZ administration and 4 and 12 weeks after STZ administration. At 4 weeks after STZ administration, although there were no differences in the STZ and OVX groups comparedwith the Control group, the amplitude of t... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276012 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276015&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20153319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brejchova K, Liskova P, Cejkova J, Jirsova K The aim of this study was to compare the presence and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 13 in human melted and cadaverous corneas. Twelve melted corneal specimen from three patients with rheumatoid arthritis, one patient with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and one patient with melting attributed to spastic entropion and ten control corneal buttons were used. The presence of MMPs was detected using indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. The active forms of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP-3 and -7 were examined by gelatin and casein zymography, respectively. The concentrations of active MMP-1 and -3 were measured using activity assays. Increased immunostaining intensity for MMP-1 and -9 was seen in the corneal epith... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276015 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3276016&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20152834%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the role of the Pax6 protein in regeneration. In zebrafish, there are two Pax6 proteins, one encoded by the pax6a gene and the other encoded by the pax6b gene. We intravitreally injected and electroporated morpholinos that were complementary to either the pax6a or pax6b mRNA to knockdown the translation of the corresponding protein. Loss of Pax6b expression did not affect Müller glial cell division, but blocked the subsequent first cell division of the neuronal progenitors. In contrast, the paralogous Pax6a protein was required for later neuronal progenitor cell divisions, which maximized the number of neuronal progenitors. Without neuronal progenitor cell amplification, proliferation of resident ONL rod precursor cells, which can only regenerate rods, incre... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3276016 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3276016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3267395&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20144610%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the anti-apoptotic effects of G-CSF on RGCs are PI3K/AKT signaling dependent in the retinas to rescue RGCs after ON crush injury. PMID: 20144610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3267395 Fri, 05 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3267395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259732&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20138034%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kong F, Li W, Li X, Zheng Q, Dai X, Zhou X, Boye SL, Hauswirth WW, Qu J, Pang JJ To clarify whether transduction efficiency and cell type specificity of self-complementary (sc) AAV5 vectors are similar to those of standard, single stranded AAV5 vectors in normal retina, one micro liter of scAAV5-smCBA-GFP vector (1X10(12) genome containing particles/ml) and AAV5-smCBA-GFP vector (1X10(12) genome containing particles/ml) were subretinally or intravitreally (in both cases through the cornea) injected into the right and left eyes of adult C57BL/6J mice, respectively. On post-injection day (PID) 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35, eyes were enucleated; retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) wholemounts, neuroretinal wholemounts and eyecup sections were prepared to evaluate green fluoresc... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259732 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3259731&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20138035%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yadav UC, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV Chronic inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune and bacterial infections are associated with an elevated risk of ocular inflammation. Ciliary epithelial cells that play an important role in maintaining aqueous humor dynamics and homeostasis of anterior segment of eye are continuously exposed to inflammatory markers during infections and injury. Lipopolysachharide (LPS), a gram negative bacterial endotoxin, dysregulates aqueous humor (AqH) homeostasis by inducing inflammatory changes. We have investigated how inhibition of a polyol pathway enzyme, aldose reductase (AR), alters LPS-induced inflammatory changes in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (hNPECs). The stimulation of hNPECs with LPS (1mug/ml) caused increased secretion of in... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3259731 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3259731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3234189&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20117106%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singh A, Tsonis PA PMID: 20117106 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3234189 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3234189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3234190&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nusinowitz S, Farber DB, Lavail MM PMID: 20116375 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3234190 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3234190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3234192&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20114044%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peng PH, Chiou LF, Chao HM, Lin S, Chen CF, Liu JH, Ko ML The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in axotomized eyes and the pathways related to its action. Wistar rats received intracranial optic nerve (ON) axotomy 2 mm behind the globe in left eyes, whereas right eyes received sham operations. EGCG was administrated via intraperitoneal injection 30 min before and 4 days after axotomy. The density of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) was examined by a retrograde labelling technique. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Bax, Bcl-2, ERK and Akt. Optic nerve axotomy caused 54% RGC loss 7 days following surgery, and EGCG treatment reduced RGC loss by 12% (P = 0.017). The e... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3234192 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3234192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3234191&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20114045%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cebulla CM, Ruggeri M, Murray TG, Feuer WJ, Hernandez E Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to image retinal detachments in vivo, in a murine model of retinal detachment. Subretinal injections of hyaluronic acid (Healon) were delivered to the right eye of seventeen 10-20 week-old C57Bl6 mice. Evaluation of the fundus with an operating microscope and fundus photography were performed. In vivo, non-contact, ultra high resolution SD-OCT imaging was performed on day 0, day 1-2, day 5-6 and day 15-16. The retinal morphology at the edge and in the area of maximal RD was evaluated. Eyes were enucleated for histologic analysis. The retinal detachment was confirmed by microscopy in all mice. The extent of the retinal detachment was evaluated by measuring the ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3234191 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3234191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180469&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074566%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, system A, most likely ATA2, is responsible for the retina-to-blood transport of L-proline across the inner BRB and may play a role in maintaining the concentration of small neutral amino acids in the retina. PMID: 20074566 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180469 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3180468&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074567%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paulsen UJ, Tiedemann K, Mack AF In the retina of teleost fish, new ganglion cells are generated from a circumferential peripheral growth zone at the edge of the eye throughout life. Addressing the question how new cells are fitted into the existing retina, we investigated newly formed ganglion cells in the zebrafish retina morphologically, by tracing them from the cut optic nerve with rhodamine dextran. We identified proliferating cells by antibody detection against proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, newly formed bipolar cell and amacrine cell dendrites were investigated by antibodies against protein kinase C (PKC) and choline acetyl transferase (ChaT), respectively, and analyzed in sections or wholemount preparations using confocal microscopy. In retinal sectio... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3180468 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3180468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3060266&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19958911%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19958911 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3060266 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 04:30:05 +0100 3060266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053387&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19951704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao Z, Liu J, Wasinger VC, Malouf T, Nguyen-Khuong T, Walsh B, Willcox MD Proteins are very important components in tears. Their phosphorylation is an important posttranslational modification affecting biological activity. Using proteomic techniques, this study was designed to analyze phosphoproteins found in open eye basal tears from normal human subjects. Proteins in tear samples were separated in 1-dimensional (1D) and 2-dimensional (2D) gels and phosphoproteins were selectively stained with Pro-Q diamond dye before visualization of all proteins using Sypro Ruby. Potential phosphoproteins in 2D gels were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after trypsin digestion and phosphopeptide enrichment using titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) columns. The tryptic... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053387 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3053386&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19951705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levkovitch-Verbin H, Dardik R, Vander S, Melamed S In central nervous system injury, the secondary degeneration process is known to play a major role in determining the final extent of impairment. Here, we investigated the mechanism of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in secondary degeneration of the optic nerve using a unique model that allows morphological separation between primary and secondary degeneration. A partial transection model was applied unilaterally in 110 Wistar rat eyes. The rate of apoptosis was evaluated in primary and secondary degeneration over a period of 6 months using the Hoechst staining technique. The involvement of caspase-3 and members of the Bcl-2 family (Bax, Bad, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl) was evaluated at multiple time points for 6 months after the inju... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3053386 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3053386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3045492&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19944686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kimura K, Teranishi S, Kawamoto K, Nishida T The barrier function of the corneal epithelium maintains corneal homeostasis and is mediated by tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). It is also susceptible to disruption by hypoxia. We have now examined the effects of hypoxia on TJs and AJs as well as on barrier function in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Moreover, we investigated whether such effects of hypoxia might be modulated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The subcellular distribution of the TJ proteins ZO-1 and occludin, the AJ proteins E-cadherin and beta-catenin, and actin filaments was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The abundance of junctional proteins as well as of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) was determined by immunoblot analysis. Barrie... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3045492 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3045492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036092&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li B, Li L, Donaldson PJ, Lim JC Glutathione (GSH) is an essential antioxidant required for the maintenance of lens transparency. In the lens, GSH levels are maintained by a combination of de novo synthesis and or direct uptake of GSH from the aqueous. Previous work in our laboratory has sought to identify and spatially localise the different components involved in GSH synthesis and uptake. Utilizing a high resolution imaging technique, we have mapped the distributions of GSH and its precursor amino acids cyst(e)ine, glutamate and glycine throughout the entire rat lens. An interesting observation from these studies was the marked difference in the localisation of GSH and its precursor amino acids in the equatorial epithelium. While GSH was high in the equatorial lens epitheliu... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036092 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036091&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941853%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dong Y, Watabe H, Cui J, Abe S, Sato N, Ishikawa H, Yoshitomi T Vascular peripheral resistance is increased during hypertension, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is an important for regulating vasodilation in small arteries. Therefore we characterized the role of EDHF in regulating vascular resistance of ocular ciliary arteries from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Isometric tension recordings were used in isolated ocular ciliary artery segments from SHR and WKY. Ocular ciliary arteries pre-contracted with 100 muM norepinephrine exhibited a concentration-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, and the effect on SHR arteries was smaller than that on WKY arteries (P<0.05). The EDHF-mediated component of this rela... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036091 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3036090&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19941854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krohn J, Xu CT, Svenmarker P, Khoptyar D, Andersson-Engels S Optical spectroscopy has been used as a supplement to conventional techniques for analyzing and diagnosing cancer in many human organs. Because ocular tumors may be characterized by their different melanin content, we investigated the feasibility of using transscleral visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS) to estimate the quantity of melanin in a novel uveal melanoma phantom of ex vivo porcine eyes. The phantoms were made by injecting a freshly prepared suspension of 15% (wt/vol) gelatin, 10 mg/ml titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), and natural melanin, isolated from the ink sac of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), into the suprachoroidal space of 30 enucleated porcine eyes. The melanin concentrations used were 1 mg/ml, ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3036090 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3036090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030571&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19931527%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lei H, Rheaume MA, Kazlauskas A Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a disease process occurring in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, is thought to develop as a result of exposure of retinal cells to vitreous. Vitreous contains many growth factors, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been considered a major contributor to PVR. Evaluation of both PDGF and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) as potential therapeutic targets in the context of a rabbit model of PVR revealed that PDGFR-based approaches protected from PVR, whereas neutralizing PDGFs was a much less effective strategy. The basis for these observations appears to reflect that fact that the PDGFR could be activated by a wide spectrum of vitreal agents that are outside of the PDGF family. Furthermore, blocki... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030571 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030573&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19931246%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, complete lens regeneration occurs in the rat and it is possible that lens electrical signals, together with other cues, may play an important role in this process. PMID: 19931246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030573 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3030572&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19931247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Englund-Johansson U, Mohlin C, Liljekvist-Soltic I, Ekström P, Johansson K Different types of progenitor and stem cells have been shown to provide neuroprotection in animal models of photoreceptor degeneration. The present study was conducted to investigate whether human neural progenitor cells (HNPCs) have neuroprotective properties on retinal explants models with calpain- and caspase-3-dependent photoreceptor cell death. In the first experiments, HNPCs in a feeder layer were co-cultured for 6 days either with postnatal rd1 mouse or normal rat retinas. Retinal histological sections were used to determine outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, and to detect the number of photoreceptors with labeling for calpain activity, cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL. The ONL thickness of co-... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3030572 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3030572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3017444&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19925789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henriksson JT, Bergmanson JP, Walsh JE Recently, the mouse has become the preferred animal model in ophthalmic research. Therefore, there is a need for enhanced understanding of the mouse eye to validate its use in different experimental setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the ocular transmittance of the whole mouse eye, the cornea and the crystalline lens, particularly in the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) wavebands. This was carried out using a non-cuvette based fiber optic spectrometer system and the resulting transmittance curves were compared with published cone spectral response curves and mouse ocular transmittance data. First, transmittance curves of the whole mouse eye were measured by removing a small disc of sclera from the posterior pole to provide an ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3017444 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3017444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998618&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19909741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morimoto T, Miyoshi T, Sawai H, Fujikado T We previously showed that transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) promoted the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats. However the relationship between the parameters of TES and the neuroprotective effect of TES on axotomized RGCs was unclear. In the present study, we determined whether the neuroprotective effect of TES is affected by the parameters of TES. Adult male Wistar rats received TES just after transection of the left optic nerve (ON). The pulse duration, current intensity, frequency, waveform, and numbers of sessions of the TES were changed systematically. The alterations of the retina were examined histologically seven days or fourteen days after the ON transection. The optimal neuroprotective parame... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998618 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2981814&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19900442%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Norman RE, Flanagan JG, Rausch SM, Sigal IA, Tertinegg I, Eilaghi A, Portnoy S, Sled JG, Ethier CR Scleral thickness, especially near the region of the optic nerve head (ONH), is a potential factor of interest in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Our goal was to characterize the scleral thickness distribution and other geometric features of human eyes. 11 enucleated human globes (7 normal and 4 ostensibly glaucomatous) were imaged using high-field microMRI, providing 80 mum isotropic resolution over the whole eye. The MRI scans were segmented to produce 3-D corneoscleral shells. Each shell was divided into 15 slices along the anterior-posterior axis of the eye, and each slice was further subdivided into the anatomical quadrants. Average thickness was measured i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2981814 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2981814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2981816&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krohne TU, Kaemmerer E, Holz FG, Kopitz J In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), reduced lysosomal capacity may contribute to lipofuscinogenesis and progressive dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We previously demonstrated that lipid peroxidation-related protein modifications inhibit lysosomal degradation of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) proteins in RPE cells. Herein, we investigate the effects of lipid peroxidation products on activities of key RPE lysosomal proteases. In lysosomes isolated from primary human RPE cells, lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L, with biologically relevant concentrations of 1muM resulting in a reductio... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2981816 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2981816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2981815&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19895810%26dopt%3DAbstract Prox1 expression in rod precursors and müller cells. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Nov 3; Authors: Cid E, Santos-Ledo A, Parrilla-Monge M, Lillo C, Arévalo R, Lara JM, Aijón J, Velasco A The transcription factor Prox1 acts in rodent retinogenesis, at least in promoting cell cycle withdrawal and horizontal cell production. In the mature retina, this protein is detected at the inner nuclear layer of all vertebrate groups. We have made a neurochemical characterisation of Prox1(+) cell types in two different vertebrate groups: mammals and fish. As well as Prox1(+) horizontal cells, we have observed Prox1(+)/PKCalpha(+) rod bipolar cells in mouse and cone ON and mixed b bipolar cells in goldfish. In mouse, only some CB(+) and CR(+) amacrine cells are Prox1(+) and the TH(+) and CR... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2981815 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2981815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868960&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19801223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19801223 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868960 Wed, 07 Oct 2009 19:20:05 +0100 2868960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868962&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19799900%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhang Y, Marmorstein LY PMID: 19799900 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868962 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2868962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2868961&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19799901%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was to explore the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated regulation of PGLYRPs in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Fresh human donor corneoscleral tissues were used to prepare cryosections. Primary HCECs, established from limbal explants, were treated with microbial ligands to TLRs 1-9 for 4-48 h, with or without pretreatment of TLR antibodies, NFkB inhibitor, or siRNA transfection. The mRNA of PGLYRPs was evaluated by RT and real-time PCR, and their proteins and NFkB activation were determined by immunostaining and Western blot. The nuclear IRF3 activity was quantified using an ELISA-based TransAM kit. PGLYRP-2, -3 and -4 were found to be expressed by human corneal epithelium while PGLYRP-1 was not detected. In primary HCEC cultures, PGLYRP-3 and -4 were constitutively expre... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2868961 Wed, 30 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2868961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2795443&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19747592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaurasia SS, Kaur H, de Medeiros FW, Smith SD, Wilson SE Previous studies have suggested that abnormal corneal wound healing in patients after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is associated with the appearance of myofibroblasts in the stroma between two and four weeks after surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine potential myofibroblast progenitor cells that might express other filament markers prior to completion of the differentiation pathway that yields alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts associated with haze localized beneath the epithelial basement membrane after PRK. Twenty-four female rabbits that had -9 diopter PRK were sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks after surgery. Corneal rims were collected, frozen at -80 degrees C... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2795443 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 17:28:10 +0100 2795443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2795442&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19748503%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compared temporal changes in neuroretinal apoptosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and the expression of AQPs 1 and 4 between SDT rat retinas and age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat retinas. Cell death was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-uridine triphosphate nick end-labeling on retinal flatmounts and activated caspase 3 immunofluorescence of retinal cryosections. The expression of GFAP and AQPs 1 and 4 were assessed by immunohistochemistry of cryosections and retinal flatmounts. Diabetes started to develop around 15 weeks in SDT rats. Apoptotic cells in the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer were significantly more numerous in 40-week-old SDT rat retinas than in either age-matched SD rat retinas or 10-week-old SD... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2795442 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2795442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2795441&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19748504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Xu X, Sheng M, Zhang X, Gu Q, Zheng Z Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is generated in presence of type 1 protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT-1) and is metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs). Reportedly ADMA is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to investigate whether PRMT-1- and DDAHs-induced ADMA increase in diabetic rat retina and high glucose-treated bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (BRCECs) is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-mediated diabetic retinopathy. Rats were divided into four groups: sham-injected group, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model group, STZ-induced diabetic m... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2795441 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2795441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2779175&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19733559%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nien CJ, Paugh JR, Massei S, Wahlert AJ, Kao WW, Jester JV The purpose of this study was to characterize the age-related changes of the mouse meibomian gland. Eyelids from adult C57Bl/6 mice at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months of age were stained with specific antibodies against peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) to identify differentiating meibocytes, Oil Red O (ORO) to identify lipid, Ki67 nuclear antigen to identify cycling cells, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1) to identify potential stem cells and CD45 to identify immune cells. Meibomian glands from younger mice (2 and 6 months) showed cytoplasmic and perinuclear staining with anti-PPARgamma antibodies with abundant ORO staining of small, intracellular lipid droplets. Meibomian glands fro... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2779175 Fri, 04 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2779175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2779174&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19735654%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, injection of GDNF microspheres three days after an ischemic insult results in functional and morphological rescue of NeuN positive cells in a porcine model of acute ocular ischemia. PMID: 19735654 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2779174 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2779174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672357&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19647532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19647532 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672357 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 06:14:07 +0100 2672357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672356&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19651123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berk RS, Crossland WJ, Kosir MA, Yu M, Wang Y, Alousi S, Hatfield J, Dong Z Platelet basic protein (PBP) and several of its derivatives are known to express a wide range of biological characteristics. It is the precursor of connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III), beta thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and neutrophil activating peptide (NAP-2), which is the proteolytic derived end product. The temporal ocular expression of the chemokine PBP before and during corneal infection over several days by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined by immunohistochemistry. Prior to corneal infection, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the constitutive expression of PBP in the cornea, lens and retina. PBP expression was present in the corneal epithelium, stromal fibroblasts and endotheli... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672356 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2672356 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672358&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19646435%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the current study was to investigate the contribution of NO produced by nNOS in the regulation of basal retinal blood flow. A non-specific NOS inhibitor N (G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and the specific nNOS inhibitors 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM) and (4S)-N-(4-amino-5 [aminoethyl] aminopentyl)-N-nitroguanidine (AAAN) were injected into the vitreous (intravitreal) of Long Evans rats. Vessel diameters, velocities and volumetric blood flow rates (VBF) in the retinal circulation were determined prior to and in 30-min intervals for 4-4.5h after injection. In addition, the basal amount of nNOS in the rat retina was quantified using a specific enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). Treatment with l-NAME and TRIM significantly decreased diameters and VBF. ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672358 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2672358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2672359&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19646399%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, bovine lens membrane proteins were isolated, digested by multiple enzymes, and analyzed by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Automated database searching revealed the locations of both phosphorylation and truncation sites. The results confirmed the full sequence of connexin 46 and 99% of the connexin 50 sequence. Eighteen phosphorylation sites on connexin 50 and nine phosphorylation sites on connexin 46 were identified, all on serine or threonine residues. All but three phosphorylation sites on connexin 50 were located the cytoplasmic C-terminus. All of the truncation sites of connexin 50 were localized in the cytoplasmic C-terminus (region 280-304). Truncation sites in connexin 46 were found in four different regions including: the N-terminus (residues G2), the cytoplasmic lo... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2672359 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2672359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2658189&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19638277%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a novel experimental culture device to quantify ex vivo the time course of increases in tension within the contracting lens capsule after cataract-like surgery. Results demonstrate that contraction reaches steady state within approximately one month with a mean tension of 1.45 mN/mm and Cauchy (true) stress of 13.4 kPa. A significant increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was also found in post-cultured compared to fresh lens capsules, thus suggesting that transdifferentiated lens epithelial cells (LECs) modulated the contraction. Quantification of loads imparted by the contracting lens capsule is important for assessing implant/capsule interactions and implant stability in vivo. Because contraction of the capsule may be modulated in part by LECs attempting to restore... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2658189 Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2658189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2649972&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19635475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Croft MA, McDonald JP, Nadkarni NV, Lin TL, Kaufman PL The goal was to determine the age-related changes in accommodative movements of the lens and ciliary body in rhesus monkeys. Varying levels of accommodation were stimulated via the Edinger-Westphal (E-W) nucleus in 26 rhesus monkeys, aged 6-27 years, and the refractive changes were measured by coincidence refractometry. Centripetal ciliary process (CP) and lens movements were measured by computerized image analysis of goniovideographic images. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) at 50MHz was used to visualize and measure accommodative forward movements of the ciliary body in relation to age, accommodative amplitude, and centripetal CP and lens movements. At ~3 diopters of accommodation, the amount of centripetal lens movement r... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2649972 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2649972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2649969&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19635476%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huo Y, Qiu WY, Pan Q, Yao YF, Xing K, Lou MF EGF is an essential growth factor needed for epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing of the cornea, but the molecular mechanism is not understood. Although studies have shown that EGF in some non-phagocytic cells induces ROS generation, little is known about the role of ROS in corneal epithelial cells. Therefore, we examined the potential physiological role of ROS in corneal cell proliferation, adhesion and wound healing using rabbit or human corneal epithelial cells, and pig whole cornea organ culture as models. EGF (5 ng/ml)-induced ROS in serum starved RCE or HCE cells were captured as DCFH fluorescence and detected by confocal microscopy. The elevation of ROS was eradicated when the cells were pretreated with an antioxid... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2649969 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2649969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2649965&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19635477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mortazavi AM, Simon BR, Stamer WD, Vande Geest JP Glaucoma is an ocular disease characterized by damage of the optic nerve head (ONH) resulting in blindness. Recent research has identified the material properties of the sclera as being an important factor in the biomechanics of major load bearing tissues near the ONH. Most mechanical investigations performed on sclera have focused on the tensile behavior of this tissue, neglecting its compressive stiffness. The present study will characterize the compressive moduli of peripapillary sclera using an unconfined compression (UCC) technique, for both human and porcine sources. UCC stress relaxation tests were performed on human and porcine peripapillary scleral samples at 5%, 10% and 15% sequential compressive strain. Our results i... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2649965 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2649965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2649964&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19635478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Noda K, Nakao S, Zandi S, Engelstädter V, Mashima Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial adhesion molecule that possesses semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity and is involved in leukocyte recruitment. Leukocyte adhesion to retinal vessels is a predominant feature of experimentally induced diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the role of VAP-1 in this process is unknown.Diabetes was induced by i.p. injection of Streptozotocin in Long-Evans rats. The specific inhibitor of VAP-1, UV-002, was administered by daily i.p. injections. The expression of VAP-1 mRNA in the retinal extracts of normal and diabetic animals was measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Firm leukocyte adhesion was quantified in... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2649964 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2649964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2649977&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19631642%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the mechanisms of involvement of p38 in IPC neuroprotection. IPC or ischemia was induced in rat retina in vivo. Recovery after ischemia performed 24h after IPC was assessed functionally (electroretinography) and histologically at 7d after ischemia in the presence or absence of inhibition of p38. We examined the role of p38alpha in the mimicking of IPC produced by opening mitochondrial KATP channels using diazoxide, or stimulation of p38 activation by anisomycin. The importance of adenosine receptors in p38 activation after IPC was assessed using specific blockers of adenosine A1 and A2a receptors. Interfering RNA (siRNA) or SB203580 was used to block p38alpha. Phosphorylated p38 levels were measured. Phosphorylated p38 protein increased with IPC. Interfering RNA (siRNA) to p38a... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2649977 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2649977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2638590&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627986%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Acar N, Berdeaux O, Juaneda P, Grégoire S, Cabaret S, Joffre C, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L, Bron AM Among several theories involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the vascular theory considers the disease to be a consequence of reduced ocular blood flow associated with red blood cell abnormalities. Red blood cell membrane structure and function are influenced by their phospholipid composition. We investigated whether specific lipid entities that may affect the membrane physiology, namely, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and plasmalogens, are modified in POAG and whether these potential variations are related to the stage of glaucoma. Blood samples were collected from 31 POAG patients and 10 healthy individuals. The stage of glaucoma wa... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2638590 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2638590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2638589&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19627987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beazley KE, Canner JP, Linsenmayer TF Previously we observed that avian corneal epithelial cells protect their DNA from oxidative damage by having the iron-sequestering molecule ferritin - normally cytoplasmic - in a nuclear location. This localization involves a developmentally-regulated ferritin-like protein - ferritoid - that initially serves as the nuclear transporter, and then as a component of a ferritoid-ferritin complex that is half the size of a typical ferritin and binds to DNA. We also observed that developmentally, the synthesis of ferritin and ferritoid are regulated coordinately - with ferritin being predominantly translational and ferritoid transcriptional. In the present study we examined whether the mechanism(s) involved in this regulation reside within the co... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2638589 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2638589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2624715&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19615364%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Narayan M, Twining S PMID: 19615364 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2624715 Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2624715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2624714&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19615996%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Low power panretinal photocoagulation can inhibit retinal neovascularisation and yet preserve partial visual function in this transgenic mouse model of retinal neovascularisation. PMID: 19615996 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2624714 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2624714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2614304&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19607828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruiz A, Bok D PMID: 19607828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2614304 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2614304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2614303&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19607829%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we sought to determine the localization of C1INH in human donor eyes. Immunofluorescence studies using a monoclonal antibody directed against C1INH revealed localization to photoreceptor cells, inner nuclear layer neurons, choriocapillaris, and choroidal extracellular matrix. Drusen did not exhibit labeling. Genotype at rs2511989 did not appear to affect C1INH abundance or localization, nor was it associated with significant molecular weight differences when evaluated by Western blot. In a small number of eyes (n=7 AMD and n=7 control) AMD affection status was correlated with increased abundance of choroidal C1INH. These results indicate that C1INH protein is present in the retina and choroid, where it may regulate complement activation. PMID: 19607829 [PubMed - as suppli... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2614303 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2614303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599098&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591826%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we detected 40 mU/mg EPO in the eye 11 h after injection of 10 U EPO. Treatment with all forms of EPO tested was neuroprotective to the photoreceptors without a concomitant increase in hematocrit. PMID: 19591826 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599098 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599097&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orešič M, Seppänen-Laakso T, Yetukuri L, Bäckhed F, Hänninen V The gut microbiota affects host lipid metabolism and is considered an environmental factor that contributes to development of obesity. To investigate whether the gut microbiota affects the eye lipidome, we performed comprehensive lipidomic profiling of lens and retina from conventionally raised and germ-free and mice. Conventionally raised mice had diminished phosphatidylcholines in the lens and elevated ethanolamine plasmalogens in the retina. Diminishment of lens phosphatidylcholines in the presence of gut microbiota suggests that the conventionally raised mice are exposed over time to more oxidative stress than germ-free mice. Consistent with this, their lifespan is also shorter. Our f... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599097 Wed, 08 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2599096&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19591828%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, in the laser-induced glaucoma model, laser damage results in a reduction in the available area for outflow across the IW of SC which contributes to the decrease in C and thus elevation of the IOP. Constriction of SC, caused by the chronic elevation of IOP, further decreases the available area for outflow across the IW which decreases C even more in a vicious cycle. This study suggests that the available area for aqueous humor outflow across the IW of SC may play a role in regulating outflow resistance and maintaining IOP. PMID: 19591828 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2599096 Tue, 07 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2599096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584509&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19583956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pot SA, Chandler HL, Colitz CM, Bentley E, Dubielzig RR, Mosley TS, Reid TW, Murphy CJ The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of selenocystamine coated intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the formation of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in an ex vivo canine lens capsular bag assay. Selenocystamine was covalently bound to the surface of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) discs. Three groups of canine lens capsules (6 coated IOLs (SeIOLs), 7 non-coated control IOLs and 8 empty capsules) were cultured for 10 days. During the culture period PCO was scored based on visual inspection of the capsules using phase contrast microscopy. On day 10 all the capsules were prepared for light microscopic examination and lens epithelial cells (LECs) were qua... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584509 Fri, 03 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584511&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19580809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alcazar O, Cousins SW, Striker GE, Marin-Castano ME The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is believed to potentiate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), conferring to prorenin a likely pathological role at tissue level. The PRR has been identified in the microvascular endothelial cells of the retina, in which it seems to be involved in pathological neovascularization processes. In the present study, we sought to explore PRR expression and prorenin action in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, as well as its potential implication in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. Isolated RPE cells from donor human eyes as well as freshly isolated human retinas demonstrated expression of PRR at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we demonstrate that PRR expressed in the RPE cells is funct... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584511 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2584510&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19580810%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated the effects of YC-1, a HIF-1 inhibitor, on the morphological, biochemical and molecular changes in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. We found that YC-1 suppressed vascular endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, while it significantly increased the proteasome activity. Moreover, YC-1 induced a G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest, whereas it exerted only an insignificant proapoptotic effects. Under normoxia or hypoxia, YC-1 did not alter the morphology or the cell viability. Additionally, under hypoxic conditions, YC-1 downregulated HIF-2alpha, VEGF, EPO, ET-1, and MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, this was accompanied by a significant decrease in the MMP-9 activity. YC-1 decreased the basal expression of HIF-1alpha protein under normoxia, wherea... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2584510 Thu, 02 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2584510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2577184&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19576886%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases the formation of superoxide anions in retinal microvessels. Freshly isolated retinal microvessels from rats were exposed to ET-1 (100nM), and the intracellular superoxide formation in the retinal pericytes was assessed semi-quantitatively by time-lapse fluorometric analyses using hydroethidine. The receptor mechanisms were determined by BQ-123 and BQ-788, receptor antagonists for ET(A) and ET(B) receptors respectively, and also by IRL-1620, a selective agonist for ET(B) receptors. In addition, the changes induced by adding apocynin (10muM), myr-PKC (1.0muM), allopurinol (100muM), rotenone (10muM) or L-NAME (100 muM) with ET-1 were evaluated. Microvessels were incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10nM), a protein kinase C (PK... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2577184 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2577184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2577186&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19576213%26dopt%3DAbstract This study determined whether the combination of NTX and INS would have additive effect(s) on the reepithelialization of corneal abrasions in diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats beyond either agent alone. Type 1 diabetes (DB) (glucose levels >400mg/dl) was induced with streptozotocin; glycemic levels were not controlled with INS. Eight weeks after induction of diabetes, a 5mm diameter circular abrasion was created in the center of the cornea in one eye of each rat. Eye drops (0.05ml) of INS [1U ( approximately 6nM)] and NTX (10(-5)M) in Vigamox were administered separately 4 times daily for 7 days (NTX/INS); DB control rats received drops of sterile vehicle (DB SV) 4 times daily. Two other groups of rats were given only NTX (DB NTX) or only INS (DB INS). Reepithelialization was monitored ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2577186 Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2577186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2577185&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19576214%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: VEGFR2 inhibitor reduced IVNV and filopodial number and length/EC tip cell without interfering with intraretinal vascularization. Reducing the number and length of filopodia/endothelial tip cell may reduce guidance cues for endothelial cells to migrate into the vitreous without interfering with migration into the retina toward a VEGF gradient. PMID: 19576214 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2577185 Mon, 29 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2577185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2554117&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19560459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schallenberg M, Charalambous P, Thanos S Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) is a potent hematopoietic cytokine. In the present study, we examined whether GM-CSF is neuroprotective in retinal ganglion cells (RGC). First, we studied the expression of GM-CSF and the GM-CSF-alpha-receptor in rat and human retina and in RGC-5 cells. Then, RGC-5-cells were incubated with apoptosis-inducing agents (e.g. staurosporine, glutamate and NOR3). The cell-death was assessed by Live-Death-Assays and apoptosis-related-proteins were examined by immunoblotting. In addition, the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2-pathway-proteins after incubation with GM-CSF and after inhibiting MEK 1/2 with U0126 was analysed. To assess the in vivo-effect, first staurosporine or GM-CSF pl... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2554117 Wed, 24 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2554117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538289&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19555685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dortch-Carnes J, Randall KR Considerable evidence suggests that the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway plays an integral role in opioid receptor-mediated responses in the cardiovascular and immune systems. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have shown that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in morphine-induced reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in the New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit. The present study is designed to determine the effect of morphine on NO production in the isolated, iris-ciliary body (ICB), site of aqueous humor production, as this effect could be associated with morphine-stimulated changes in aqueous humor dynamics and iris function. ICBs obtained from normal NZW rabbits were utilized in these experiments. In some exper... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538289 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538290&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19540832%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wade NC, Grierson I, O'Reilly S, Hoare MJ, Cracknell KP, Paraoan LI, Brotchie D, Clark AF A cytoskeletal feature of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells in vitro and ex vivo is the presence of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs) that are abundant in a proportion of TM cells exposed to dexamethasone (DEX) and also in cells from glaucoma patients. We wished to determine whether CLANs were present in the bovine trabecular meshwork (BTM), whether they were similarly induced by dexamethasone and whether the structures were comparable to CLANs in HTM cells. Cultures of HTM and BTM cells and ex vivo dissections of BTM tissue were stained with phalloidin (F-actin) and propidium iodide (nuclei) and imaged by confocal microscopy, thereafter being subjected to image analysis. Some CLAN-... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538290 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538292&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19540231%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ainscough SL, Feigl B, Malda J, Harkin DG Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are prime regulators of IGF-action in numerous cell types including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE performs several functions essential for vision, including growth factor secretion and waste removal via a phagocytic process mediated in part by vitronectin (Vn). In the course of studying the effects of IGFBPs on IGF-mediated VEGF secretion and Vn-mediated phagocytosis in the RPE cell line ARPE-19, we have discovered that these cells avidly ingest synthetic microspheres (2.0 mum diameter) coated with IGFBPs. Given the novelty of this finding and the established role for endocytosis in mediating IGFBP actions in other cell types, we have explored the potential role of ca... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538292 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538291&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19540232%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goodall N, Kisiswa L, Prashar A, Faulkner S, Tokarczuk P, Singh K, Erichsen JT, Guggenheim J, Halfter W, Wride MA Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for generating 3-dimensional structural and functional image data. MRI has already proven valuable in creating atlases of mouse and quail development. Here, we have exploited high resolution MRI to determine the parameters necessary to acquire images of the chick embryo eye. Using a 9.4 Tesla (400MHz) high field ultra-shielded and refrigerated magnet (Bruker), MRI was carried out on paraformaldehyde-fixed chick embryos or heads at E4, E6, E8, and E10. Image data were processed using established and custom packages (MRICro, ImageJ, ParaVision, Bruker and mri3dX). Voxel dimensions ranged from 62.5mum to 117.2mum. We... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538291 Tue, 16 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538312&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yuan S, Zhang W, Ding J, Yao J, Jiang Q, Hu G Previous studies have shown that Müller cells respond to excessive light with mislocalization of inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) proteins. We investigated whether the retina is protected against light-induced damage in AQP4 knockout (KO) mice. KO and wildtype (WT) CD1 mice were exposed to 12h of intense white light (16 000+/-2000 lux) for six successive days. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were mildly affected in WT mice three days after light exposure, but returned to baseline on the seventh day following light exposure. In comparison, ERGs of KO mice were severely and irreversibly impaired after light exposure. Consistent with the ERG findings, light exposure had no effect on retinal structur... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538312 Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538297&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524565%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kalariya NM, Wills NK, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK, van Kuijk FJ Cadmium (Cd), released from cigarette smoke and metal industrial activities, is known to accumulate in human body organs including retina and is particularly higher in retinal tissues of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes compared to non-AMD eyes. We have determined the cytotoxic effects of Cd on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Upon Cd treatment, there was a dose- and time-dependent decline in ARPE-19 cell viability as well as early apoptotic changes such as altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Cytochrome C release in cytosol. Depletion of GSH by buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in increased Cd toxicity in ARPE-19 cells. Cadmium also caused reactive oxygen species (ROS... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538297 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538296&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524566%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harper MM, Adamson L, Blits B, Bunge MB, Grozdanic SD, Sakaguchi DS The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of cell-based delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for neuroprotection of RGC-5 cells. RGC-5 cells were differentiated with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (SS) and exposed to the cellular stressors glutamate or H(2)O(2). As a neuroprotective strategy, these cells were then co-cultured across a membrane insert with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered with a lentiviral vector for production of BDNF (BDNF-MSCs). As a positive control, recombinant human BDNF (rhBDNF) was added to stressed RGC-5 cells. After SS-differentiation RGC-5s developed neuronal-like morphologies, ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538296 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538295&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524567%26dopt%3DAbstract This study not only enhances our knowledge of the immunopathological mechanism of uveitis but also provides a novel rationale to target CXCR4 as an anti-inflammatory strategy to treat uveitis. PMID: 19524567 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538295 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538294&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524568%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li GY, Fan B, Su GF The energy reduction-induced death of retinal ganglion cells is associated with many ophthalmic diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the apoptosis pathway of retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) following acute ATP reduction by using glucose deprivation (GD). RGC-5 cells were cultured in glucose-free or normal DMEM for 3 days. The changes in intracellular ATP and cell viability were monitored by ATP assay and MTT assay. APOPercentage and in situ TUNEL assays were used to determine the cell death pattern. The involvement of oxidative stress was assessed by measuring intracellular ROS generation, the HO-1 expression, the effect of antioxidants, and the ratio of GSSG to total GSH. The activation of p53 and apoptosis markers was evaluated by Wester... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538294 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538293&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19524569%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, we have determined the growth kinetics of hRPCs and have shown that cells from donor tissue of 16-18 weeks G.A. exhibit the best proliferative dynamics under the specified conditions, and that hRPCs can also be differentiated along the photoreceptor lineage. Further, we have also demonstrated that following transplantation, some of these cells integrate within the host retina and differentiate to express rhodopsin, thereby supporting the potential utility of hRPC transplantation in the setting of retinal degenerative disorders. PMID: 19524569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538293 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538306&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523943%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Balaratnasingam C, Morgan WH, Johnstone V, Pandav SS, Cringle SJ, Yu DY Intraocular pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure are important determinants of the trans-laminar pressure gradient which is believed to be important in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration. Computational models and finite element calculations of optic nerve head biomechanics have been previously used to predict pressures and stresses in the human optic nerve. The purpose of this report is to morphometrically compare the optic nerve laminar and pia mater structure between humans and dogs, and to use previously reported tissue pressure measurements in the dog optic nerve to estimate individual-specific human optic nerve pressures and pressure gradients. High resolution light m... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538306 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538305&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523944%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pedrigi RM, Dziezyc J, Humphrey JD Several studies have quantified the mechanics of the normal lens capsule, motivated in large part by the need to understand better the mechanism of accommodation. In addition to this principal physiologic function, the lens capsule also plays a significant clinical role by housing the prosthetic lens implanted during cataract surgery. This procedure alters dramatically the mechanical environment of the capsule, which may modulate the errant behavior of lens epithelial cells that leads to capsular contraction and deposition of non-native matrix proteins. Although much is known about histological alterations within the post-surgical capsule, little is known about the altered mechanics. We performed uniaxial mechanical tests on normal and post-s... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538305 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538304&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanan Y, Hoffhines A, Rauhauser A, Murray A, Al-Ubaidi MR Tyrosine-O-sulfation, a post-translational modification, is catalyzed by two independent tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs). As an initial step towards understanding the role of TPSTs in retinal function, this study was undertaken to determine the extent to which tyrosine-O-sulfation of proteins is utilized in the retina. A previously characterized anti-sulfotyrosine antibody was used to determine the presence and localization of tyrosine-O-sulfated proteins (TOSPs) in the retina. Using Western blot, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses, we detected TOSPs in the retinas from diverse species, including frog, fish, mouse and human. Some of the variability in the observed sizes of retinal TOSPs in the mouse, at le... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538304 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538303&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kohno H, Sakai T, Tsuneoka H, Imanishi K, Saito S Endogenous uveitis is a common cause of visual disability and blindness. The etiology of uveitis remains largely unknown but reasonable etiologic factors include infections. Superantigens are regarded as one of the leading causes of infectious etiology in autoimmune disease. However, the role of superantigens in uveitis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a member of the superantigens, using an experimental model of autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) peptide, and the severity of EAU disease was scored. Vehicle (PBS) alone or SEB dissolved in PBS was administered by intraveno... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538303 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538302&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523947%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluated early keratocyte apoptosis after corneal epithelial scrape injury in human eyes scheduled for enucleation for malignancy. Two eyes had corneal epithelial scrape 1 h prior to the enucleation and another eye served as a control and had no corneal scrape prior to enucleation. One additional eye was enucleated, washed with balanced salt solution, and then had the corneal epithelium scraped 1 h prior to processing for analysis. Apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Anterior keratocyte apoptosis was detected in the three corneas that had epithelial scrape injury, but not in the control unwounded cornea. This study confirmed that keratocyte apop... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538302 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538301&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523948%26dopt%3DAbstract This study suggests that maintaining beta-adrenergic receptor signaling in diabetic-like conditions may be protective for the retina. PMID: 19523948 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538301 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538300&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523949%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes, or with buffer for non-diabetic controls. Four weeks following the injection, eyes were enucleated and labeled for TxS and the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor. Immunofluorescent intensity was quantified in the ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layers, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, and photoreceptor inner segment. Even in control mice and rats, all layers of the retina showed immunoreactivity for TxS and the TP receptor: however, the pattern of expression demonstrated an inverse relationship, with the highest TxS staining in the inner retina, and the highest TP receptor staining in the outer retina (more specifically, in the photoreceptor inner segment).... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538300 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538299&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Islam MR, Atoji Y Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the vertebrate. The previous studies show the presence of mRNAs of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, GluR1 and GluR2, in the optic tectum of the pigeon, suggesting glutamatergic input from the retina. The present study examined localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and GluR1 and GluR2 to confirm source of glutamatergic neurons in the pigeon retina by in situ hybridization histochemistry. VGLUT2 mRNA expressed in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells, while GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were observed in the inner nuclear layer, ganglion cells, and superficial layers of the optic tectum. The results suggest that photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells and gang... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538299 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538298&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19523951%26dopt%3DAbstract This study extends a previous report for the monkey retina, using immunohistochemistry to localize wolframin on cryostat and paraffin sections of human retina. In addition, the human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line termed ARPE-19 and retinas from both pigmented and albino mice were studied to assess wolframin localization. In the human retina, wolframin was expressed in retinal ganglion cells, optic axons and the proximal optic nerve. Wolframin expression in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was confirmed with intense cytoplasmic labeling in ARPE-19 cells. Strong labeling of the RPE was also found in the albino mouse retina. Cryostat sections of the mouse retina showed a more extended pattern of wolframin labeling, including the inner nuclear layer (INL) and photorecept... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538298 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538326&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450442%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides a thorough initial analysis of apoptosis gene expression in the postnatal mouse lens and provides a resource for further investigation of the roles in lens development of the apoptosis genes identified. Furthermore, building on the array studies, we present the first spatio-temporal analysis of expression of p53 pathway molecules (p53, Mdm2 and Mdm4/X) in both developing mouse and chick lenses, suggesting a potential role for the p53/Mdm2 pathway in lens development, which merits further functional analysis. PMID: 19450442 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538326 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538325&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450443%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Keijser S, Kurreeman FA, de Keizer RJ, Dogterom-Ballering H, van der Lelij A, Jager MJ, Nibbering PH Interleukin-10 plays an important role in modulating inflammation and antimicrobial defences. In animal models for bacterial corneal ulcers, high IL-10 levels were associated with a better clinical outcome. We investigated whether IL-10 promotor haplotypes, known to determine IL-10 expression in vitro, are associated with susceptibility to and/or clinical outcome of bacterial corneal ulcers in patients. IL-10 promotor polymorphisms C-819T, G-1082A, A-2763C, and A-2849G for 83 patients with bacterial corneal ulcers and 115 healthy controls were determined by restriction fragment length PCR analysis. For 63 patients and all healthy controls the most frequently occurring IL-10 pro... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538325 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538324&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450444%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we analyzed the exon-skipping variant of RGR (RGR-d) that is found in extracellular deposits. RPE-choroid tissue sections were prepared from postmortem human eyes from donors of various ages. RGR-d was analyzed in drusen and Bruch's membrane by immunohistochemical localization. Extracellular RGR-d is present in most drusen, including hard, soft, confluent and early-stage. Initial drusen formation is known to be preferentially associated with the intercapillary regions of Bruch's membrane. We corroborated this significant association of drusen, including early-stage drusen, with the intercapillary regions. The distribution of extracellular RGR-d in Bruch's membrane differs in old and young donors. In older persons, nodes of concentrated RGR-d accumulate at intercapillary loci... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538324 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538323&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fujihara M, Bartels E, Nielsen LB, Handa JT apoB100 lipoprotein particles have been found to accumulate in Bruch membrane prior to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This work was performed to determine whether mice that overexpress apoB100 in the RPE/choroid and liver develop landmarks of early AMD over time. Mice transgenic for a human genomic fragment encoding the full length human apoB ("apoB100" mice) and litter-mate control mice were given a normal chow or high-fat diet for 12 months. Mice were evaluated for human apoB mRNA expression in the RPE/choroid and liver by RT-qPCR. Phenotypic changes associated with early AMD were evaluated by ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Changes were semi-quantified using linear regre... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538323 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538322&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kyhn MV, Warfvinge K, Scherfig E, Kiilgaard JF, Prause JU, Klassen H, Young M, la Cour M The purpose of this study was to establish, and characterize a porcine model of acute, controlled retinal ischemia. The controlled retinal ischemia was produced by clamping the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in the left eye to 5 mm Hg for 2 h. The OPP was defined as mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) minus the intraocular pressure (IOP). It was clamped to 0-30 mm Hg by continuous monitoring of MAP and adjustment of the IOP, which was controlled by cannulation of the anterior chamber. Inner retinal function was assessed by induced multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) with comparisons of the amplitudes obtained in the experimental, left eye, and the control, right eye. Quantitative histol... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538322 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538321&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang XR, Knighton RW Glaucoma damages the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution in RNFL of axonal F-actin, a cytoskeletal component, under the development of glaucoma. Intraocular hypertension was induced in a rat model by translimbal laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork. The retinas of control and treated eyes were obtained after different exposures to elevated IOP. Nerve fiber bundles were identified by fluorescent phalloidin staining of F-actin. Nuclei of cell bodies were identified by DAPI fluorescent counterstain. F-actin distribution in whole-mounted retinas was examined by confocal microscopy. En face and cross-sectional images of RNFL were collected around the optic nerve head (ONH). F-actin in nor... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538321 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538320&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nickla DL, Damyanova P, Lytle G In birds, the choroid plays a role in the visual regulation of eye growth, thickening in response to myopic defocus, and thinning in response to hyperopic defocus, in both cases moving the retina towards the image plane. This response is rapid, occurring within hours of the defocus stimulus. These changes are consistently associated with slower changes in the sclera, that result in the appropriate changes in axial elongation, decreasing growth in response to myopic defocus and increasing it in response to hyperopic defocus. The molecular mechanisms underlying the scleral response involve changes in the synthesis of extracellular matrix molecules, however, those underlying the changes in choroidal thickness are not known. However, evidence sugges... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538320 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538319&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450450%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, cultured human iris pigment epithelium fully inhibits T cell activation in vitro. Our data support the hypothesis that the ocular resident cells play a critical role in immunosuppression in the eye. PMID: 19450450 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538319 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538318&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bui BV, Loeliger M, Thomas M, Vingrys AJ, Rees SM, Nguyen CT, He Z, Tolcos M The aim of this study was to determine whether inner retinal dysfunction in diabetic rats is correlated with structural and/or biochemical changes in the retina and optic nerve. Using the electroretinogram (ERG; -5.83 to 1.28 log cd.s.m(-2)) retinal function (photoreceptor, bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cell components) was measured in control (n=13; citrate buffer) and diabetic (n=13; streptozotocin, STZ, 50 mg kg(-1)) rats, 12 weeks following treatment. Retinae and optic nerves were analyzed for structural changes and retinae were assessed for alterations in growth factor/cytokine expression using quantitative real-time PCR. We found that phototransduction efficiency was reduced 12 weeks after STZ-... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538318 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538317&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Junglas B, Yu AH, Welge-Lüssen U, Tamm ER, Fuchshofer R The major structural change in the human trabecular meshwork (TM) of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) in the juxtacanalicular region of the TM. There is evidence that treatment with TGF-beta2 causes an induction of ECM deposition in cultured human TM cells and that TGF-beta2 is causatively involved in the JCT ECM increase in POAG. In the present study, we investigated the effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the biology of cultured human TM cells. CTGF is a downstream mediator of TGF-beta2-signaling, which is expressed at high amounts in the human TM in situ. HEK293 cells were transfected with an eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the codi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538317 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538316&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450453%26dopt%3DAbstract CNTF induces photoreceptor neuroprotection and Müller glial cell proliferation through two different signaling pathways in the adult zebrafish retina. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Jun;88(6):1051-64 Authors: Kassen SC, Thummel R, Campochiaro LA, Harding MJ, Bennett NA, Hyde DR Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) acts in several processes in the vertebrate retina, including neuroprotection of photoreceptors in the stressed adult retina and regulation of neuronal progenitor cell proliferation during retinal development. However, the signaling pathway it utilizes (Jak/Stat, MAPK, or Akt) in these processes is ambiguous. Because dark-adapted albino zebrafish exhibit light-induced rod and cone cell death and subsequently regenerate the lost photoreceptor cells, zebrafish should be a useful ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538316 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538315&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Elsheikh A, Alhasso D An experimental study was conducted to determine the variation of biomechanical properties with anatomical orientation in porcine corneas. Strip specimens extracted from fresh porcine corneas were subjected to cycles of uniaxial tension while monitoring their behaviour. The specimens were extracted from either the superior-inferior (vertical), temporal-nasal (horizontal) or diagonal direction. Comparisons of behaviour were limited to specimens taken from the same animal to avoid the natural variation of biomechanical properties in corneas from different animals. The specimens were subjected to three different strain rates to check if the behaviour comparisons were affected by the cornea's viscoelasticity. Overall, vertical and horizontal specimens were fo... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538315 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538314&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Deemter M, Ponsioen TL, Bank RA, Snabel JM, van der Worp RJ, Hooymans JM, Los LI The human vitreous body undergoes structural changes with aging. This can be followed by a posterior vitreous detachment, which can result in ocular pathology. As in many collagenous tissues, age-related changes in the vitreous could be caused by the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The goal of this study was to find out whether the AGE pentosidine accumulates in the human vitreous with aging. With this data we were able to estimate the half-life of vitreous collagen. Furthermore, we analyzed whether there was a gender difference in pentosidine accumulation, as this was seen in other tissues as well. Using high performance liquid chromatography, pentosidine contents were de... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538314 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538313&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fuchshofer R, Stephan DA, Russell P, Tamm ER A distinct structural change in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the increase in fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) in the juxtacanalicular region of the TM. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 signaling may be involved, as TGF-beta2 is significantly increased in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG. In cultured human TM cells, TGF-beta2 causes an increase in ECM deposition, an effect that is blunted or prevented, if BMP7 is added in combination with TGF-beta2. In order to know more about the signaling network that is induced in HTM cells treated with BMP7, TGF-beta2 or the combination of both factors, we identified differentially regulated genes by microarray analysis, and ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538313 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538311&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu XC, Wang P, Yan H The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the biochemical effects of vitrectomy can be studied in rabbits and to assess the possible protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on the lens following vitrectomy. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits (2.3-2.4 kg) were divided into three groups of eight each. Left eyes underwent vitrectomy surgery. Unoperated right eyes served as controls. Equal numbers of treated eyes were not injected, injected with 20 mM N-acetylcysteine, or 100 mM N-acetylcysteine immediately after vitrectomy. Lens transparency was monitored by slit-lamp biomicroscopy pre- and post-vitrectomy. A series of biochemical measurements were performed on lenses five months after vitrectomy. No significant differences in lens transparency o... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538311 Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538307&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19490914%26dopt%3DAbstract The group E Sox genes Sox8 and Sox9 are regulated by Notch signaling and are required for Müller glial cell development in mouse retina. Exp Eye Res. 2009 May 31; Authors: Muto A, Iida A, Satoh S, Watanabe S Although Müller glial cells play pivotal roles in the vertebrate retina, the regulation of their development is poorly understood. While Notch-Hes5 signaling has been shown to be involved in this developmental process, the presence of Müller glial cells in Hes5-deficient mice suggests the involvement of other molecules. We found that two group E Sox genes, Sox8 and Sox9, are expressed in proliferating progenitors and then exclusively in Müller glial cells in mouse retina. Knocking-down Sox8 and Sox9 by shRNA significantly reduced the population of M&#xFC... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538307 Sat, 30 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538308&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19482023%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrates that lack of ICAM-1 leads to an altered expression of angiogenic factors that in combination may neutralize each other and do not alter retinal development and angiogenesis in oxygen-induced retinopathy. PMID: 19482023 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538308 Thu, 28 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538309&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19464289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Normando EM, Coxon KM, Guo L, Cordeiro MF PMID: 19464289 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538309 Wed, 20 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538310&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19450580%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whitcomb JE, Barnett VA, Olsen TW, Barocas VH The purpose of this study was to quantify how the elastic modulus of the ex vivo iris changes following stimulation by pilocarpine (PILO), phenylephrine (PE), and tropicamide (TROP). Irides (n = 20) were dissected from porcine eyes within 4 h post-mortem and tested uniaxially. Either the entire iris or sector thereof was used. The samples were stretched up to 40% Green strain. The radial modulus was calculated from the linear portion of the stress-strain curve, and the azimuthal modulus was fitted to a model treating the iris as a collection of circular elastic bands. One of the three drugs (n = 6 or 7) of interest was added (80 mug/ml) to the bath surrounding the tissue, and the test was repeated. Changes in pupil diameter of free... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538310 Sun, 17 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538327&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19445930%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, PF-04475270 is a novel ocular hypotensive compound which is bioavailable following topical dosing, effectively lowering IOP in dogs. EP4 agonists could be considered as potential targets for lowering IOP for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. PMID: 19445930 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538327 Tue, 12 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538328&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19442659%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, additional as yet unknown components are present in pathological PEX deposits and mass spectrometry of "isolated" PEX material is an effective strategy for their identification. PMID: 19442659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538328 Mon, 11 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538329&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19427852%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kong CW, Gerometta R, Alvarez LJ, Candia OA In vivo, mammalian lenses have the capacity to effect fully reversible changes in shape, and possibly volume, during the accommodation process. Isolated lenses also change shape by readily swelling or shrinking when placed in anisotonic media. However, the manner by which the lens changes its shape when its volume is changed osmotically is not firmly established. Putatively, the lens could swell or shrink evenly in all directions, or manifest distinctive swelling and/or shrinking patterns when exposed to anisotonic media. The present study measured physical changes in lenses consistent with the latter alternative using methods we developed for determining rapid changes in lens shape and volume. It was found in isolated rabbit and cow... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538329 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538330&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19427305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cvekl A, Wang WL Retinoic acid (RA) is a biologically active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that serves as a signaling molecule during a number of developmental and physiological processes. RA signaling plays multiple roles during embryonic eye development. RA signaling is initially required for reciprocal interactions between the optic vesicle and invaginating lens placode. RA signaling promotes normal development of the ventral retina and optic nerve through its activities in the neural crest cell-derived periocular mesenchyme. RA coordinates these processes by regulating biological activities of a family of non-steroid hormone receptors, RARalpha/beta/gamma, and RXRalpha/beta/gamma. These DNA-binding transcription factors recognize DNA as RAR/RXR heterodimers and recruit... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538330 Wed, 06 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538331&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19422823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mizukami M, Souchelnytskyi N, Kiuchi Y, Kanamoto T An earlier proteomics study from our laboratory showed that Wnt14, a member of the Wnt family that regulates the development of vertebrates, was one of the proteins expressed transiently during the development of the chick retina. The purpose of this study was to determine in more detail the changes in the expression of Wnt14 during the development of the chick retina, and to investigate the biological function of Wnt14. Endogenous Wnt14 is located in the retinal ganglion cell layer, and is expressed in the chick retina on embryonic days (ED) 7, ED11, and ED15. The level of Wnt14 is transiently decreased on ED11. In vitro analysis showed that an over-expression of Wnt14 reduced the activation of caspase-3 and inhibited the dea... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538331 Mon, 04 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538333&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19401199%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Greiling TM, Stone B, Clark JI SPARC is a matricellular glycoprotein involved in regulation of extracellular matrix, growth factors, adhesion, and migration. SPARC-null mice have altered basement membranes and develop posterior sub-capsular cataracts with cell swelling and equatorial vacuoles. Exchange of fluid, nutrients, and waste products in the avascular lens is driven by a unique circulating ion current. In the absence of SPARC, increased circulation of fluid, ions, and small molecules led to increased fluorescein distribution in vivo, loss of resting membrane polarization, and altered distribution of small molecules. Microarray analysis of SPARC-null lenses showed changes in gene expression of ion channels and receptors, matrix and adhesion genes, cytoskeleton, immune re... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538333 Sat, 02 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538332&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19409893%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Merjava S, Neuwirth A, Mandys V, Jirsova K The aim of this study was to determine if cytokeratins (CKs) 8 and 18 - typical epithelial cell markers - are constitutively expressed in adult human corneal endothelium. Cryosections, paraffin-embedded sections and corneal endothelial imprints obtained from eleven adult human corneal discs not suitable for transplantation were used. Different fixative solutions were applied before indirect immunofluorescent or enzymatic staining was performed with antibodies against CK8 (Chemicon), CK18 (Dako and Sigma) and CK8/18 (Novocastra). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting (mRNA or proteins were isolated from Millicell membranes) were used to determine cytokeratin mRNA and protein levels. Approximately 50% of the corneal endothelial ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538332 Sat, 02 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538339&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379734%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to evaluate the role of iPLA(2)-VIA in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell proliferation and in retinal diseases involving RPE proliferation. A human RPE cell line (ARPE-19) was used to explore this role in vitro. Proliferating ARPE-19 cells had increased expression and activity of iPLA(2)-VIA. iPLA(2)-VIA was found in the nuclei of proliferating ARPE-19 cells, whereas in confluent ARPE-19 cells, with limited proliferation, iPLA(2)-VIA was primarily found in the cytosol. Inhibition of iPLA(2)-VIA decreased the rate of proliferation, whereas over expression of iPLA(2)-VIA increased the rate of proliferation. Using an experimental porcine model of RPE proliferation we demonstrated significant nuclear upregulation of iPLA(2)-VIA in proliferating RPE cells in vivo. We furthe... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538339 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538338&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379735%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bejarano-Escobar R, Blasco M, Degrip WJ, Martín-Partido G, Francisco-Morcillo J Here we present a detailed study of the major events in the retinal histogenesis in a freshwater epibenthonic fish species, the Tench (Tinca tinca, Linneo 1758) during embryonic, prolarval, larval, and juvenile stages, using classical histological and immunohistological methods, providing a complete neurochemical characterization of retinal cells. We find a morphologically undifferentiated retina during embryonic stages and even at the hatching stage (postnatal day 0, P0). However, the emergence of the different retinal layers occurs in the first postnatal day (P1). Proliferating PCNA-positive cells are found in the retina of all postnatal individuals included in the present study, located in ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538338 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538337&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379736%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the in situ anatomical distribution of these cells within the neural retina and ciliary body, as well as their ability to proliferate in response to EGF. Human retinae and ciliary body were examined for co-expression of Nestin, cellular retinaldehyde binding (CRALBP) or Vimentin, and the stem cell markers SOX2, CHX10, NOTCH1 and SHH. Retinal explants were cultured with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to assess retinal cell proliferation. Intense Nestin and CRALBP staining was observed in the neural retinal margin, where cells formed bundles of spindle cells (resembling glial cells) that lacked lamination and co-stained for SOX2, CHX10 and SHH. This staining differentiated the neural retina from the ciliary epithelium, which expressed SOX2, CHX10 and NOTCH1 but not Nestin ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538337 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538336&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379737%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we examine gene expression in the retina of Nr2e3(rd7/rd7) mutants with respect to wild-type control mice, to identify genes that are misregulated and hence potentially function in the Nr2e3 transcriptional network. Quantitative candidate gene real time PCR and subtractive hybridization approaches were used to identify transcripts that were misregulated in Nr2e3(rd7/rd7) mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were then used to determine which of the misregulated transcripts were direct targets of NR2E3. We identified 24 potential targets of NR2E3. In the developing retina, NR2E3 targets transcription factors such as Ror1, Rorg, and the nuclear hormone receptors Nr1d1 and Nr2c1. In the mature retina NR2E3 targets several genes including the rod specific gene Gnb1 and cone ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538336 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538335&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379738%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hattori T, Kezuka T, Usui Y, Okunuki Y, Takeuchi M, Maruyama K, Haneda M, Shirato S, Goto H The purposes of the present study were to investigate whether cultured human iris pigment epithelial (hIPE) cells acquire the ability to modify T-cell activation, and if so, to identify the mechanism. Human IPE cells were prepared from patients who underwent glaucoma surgery, and were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for 4-7 days. Expression of MHC molecules and co-stimulatory molecules on cultured hIPE cells either unstimulated or stimulated with IFN-gamma was examined by FACS. In addition, peripheral blood T cells were incubated with cultured hIPE cells prepared from the same patients and anti-CD3 antibody in a transwell culture system, or in the presence o... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538335 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538334&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19379739%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ashby RS, Megaw PL, Morgan IG Genome-wide mapping studies have suggested a possible role for Pax6 in the development of myopia. We therefore investigated the expression of Pax6 RNA transcripts in the chicken retina during periods of increased ocular growth, induced by form-deprivation and negative lens-wear, and during periods of decreased ocular growth, induced by diffuser removal from previously form-deprived eyes, and plus lens-wear. Levels of Pax6 RNA transcripts in the chicken retina were measured using semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR, at times between 1 h and 10 days after the fitting of diffusers or negative lenses, and at times between 1h and 3 days following the removal of diffusers from previously form-deprived eyes, or the addition of plus lenses. Pax6 expression... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538334 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538340&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19366620%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Conley SM, Naash MI PMID: 19366620 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538340 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538342&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358842%26dopt%3DAbstract This study characterized early structural changes at posterior fiber ends in the crystalline lens after diabetic induction. Wistar rats (n = 49), randomized into one naïve control group and four experimental groups, were rendered diabetic via streptozotocin injection. Animals were euthanized at 1 week intervals, blood glucose levels recorded and lenses were evaluated grossly, by SEM and by confocal microscopy. Scoring Indices were developed to assess structural alterations and for statistical correlations between the scores and the duration of hyperglycemic exposure as well as blood glucose levels. Average blood glucose levels increased progressively from 98.5 mg/dL (controls) to 331.4 mg/dL (4 weeks). Diabetic lenses displayed abnormal suture sub-branches and opacity formation beginn... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538342 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538341&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358843%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Murdaugh LS, Dillon J, Gaillard ER In a variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD); basement membranes are susceptible to alterations in structure and function. Chemical modifications to basement membrane proteins may deleteriously affect Bruch's membrane leading to the development of AMD. The purpose of this study was to investigate modifications from glycolaldehyde and A2E, which are present in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), on the membrane like protein fragment, laminin, as a model for aging of Bruch's membrane in age related eye diseases. Laminin was allowed to react with either glycolaldehyde or A2E during irradiation of A2E and then tryptically digested before analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Modi... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538341 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2538341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314723&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19344713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaur H, Chaurasia SS, Agrawal V, Wilson SE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-alpha) in the myofibroblasts of corneas with stromal haze. Central corneal sections from rabbit eyes that had -9 diopter PRK were analyzed by immunocytochemistry (IHC) for the expression of PDGFR-alpha at 4 week after surgery. PDGFR-alpha was expressed immediately beneath the epithelial basement membrane in the anterior stroma. Double IHC studies revealed the expression of PDGFR-alpha in the anterior stroma co-localized with alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) marker for myofibroblasts. In vitro studies have suggested that PDGF is important in the development and viability of myofibroblasts after corneal injury. Expression o... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314723 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314594&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345209%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramaesh T, Williams SE, Paul C, Ramaesh K, Dhillon B, West JD Mutations in PAX6/Pax6 lead to a variety of ocular anomalies in human and mice. The aim of the study was to characterise the ocular abnormalities caused by the missense Pax6(Leca4) mutation and compare them to published observations on Pax6 alleles that are functionally equivalent to Pax6(-) null alleles (such as Pax6(Sey) and Pax6(Sey-Neu)) and human inherited eye diseases. Ocular features of homozygous Pax6(Leca4/Leca4) and heterozygous Pax6(Leca4/+) embryos at E12.5-E18.5, heterozygous Pax6(Leca4/+) young mice at P18 and heterozygous Pax6(Leca4/+) adults at 12 weeks were analysed histologically with their wild-type Pax6(+/+) litter mates. Homozygous Pax6(Leca4/Leca4) fetuses died perinatally with no eyes although... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314594 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314587&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu K, Joffre C, Li X, Macveigh-Aloni M, Hom M, Hwang J, Ding C, Gregoire S, Bretillon L, Zhong JF, Hamm-Alvarez SF Functional atrophy and accompanying lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of the lacrimal gland (LG) are characteristics of Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS). The male NOD mouse is an experimental model for the autoimmune exocrinopathy that develops in the LG of SjS patients. Acinar cells in LG of male NOD mice aged 3 - 4 months were previously shown to accumulate lipid droplets. In the current study, analysis of lipid components revealed that the accumulated lipids were mostly cholesteryl esters (CE). Gene expression microarray analysis followed by real-time RT-PCR revealed alterations in the expression of several genes involved in lipid homeostasis in LG of 12-we... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314587 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314582&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345211%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has examined the effects of microtubule disassembly on Myosin Light Chain (MLC) phosphorylation, a biochemical marker of actomyosin contraction, and barrier integrity in monolayers of cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC). Exposure to nocodazole, which readily induced microtubule disassembly, led to disruption of the characteristically dense assembly of cortical actin cytoskeleton at the apical junctional complex (i.e., PAMR) and dispersion of ZO-1 from its normal locus. Nocodazole also led to an increase in phosphorylation of MLC. Concomitant with these changes, nocodazole caused an increase in permeability to HRP and FITC dextran (10kDa) and a decrease in trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER). Y-27632 (a Rho kinase inhibitor) and forskolin (known to inhibit ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314582 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314555&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen W, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang J, Ye Y, Lin Y, Luyckx J, Qu J The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were in... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314555 Wed, 01 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314738&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19341729%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barcia E, Herrero-Vanrell R, Díez A, Alvarez-Santiago C, López I, Calonge M We tested the short- and long-term ability of polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with dexamethasone to reduce ocular inflammation in rabbits elicited by intravitreal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. PLGA microspheres loaded with dexamethasone were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique from an oil/water emulsion and sterilized by gamma irradiation (25 kGy). The microsphere fraction selected was 2:10 (dexamethasone:PLGA) and contained 141 +/- 0.38 mug dexamethasone/mg PLGA. Microsphere diameters were 20-53 mum, and the mean encapsulation efficiency was 92.97 +/- 0.75%. Seven days prior to the induction of panuveitis, 10 mg of dexamethasone-free or dexamethasone-loade... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314738 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314729&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19344712%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the expression and function of Fn14 in corneal myofibroblasts. Expression of Fn14 protein was assessed by flow cytometry. Corneal myofibroblasts showed strong expression of Fn14 protein, while keratocytes did not. TGF-beta(1) promoted the differentiation of keratocytes into corneal myofibrobalsts, and induced Fn14 expression. These data reveal that keratocytes phenotyoe determines the level of Fn14 expression. ELISA was used to detected chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the supernatant of corneal myofibroblasts cultured with or without stimulation by TWEAK and/or TGF-beta(1). TWEAK increased the production of IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES by corneal myofibroblasts via Fn14. TGF-beta(1) augmented the TWEAK-induced production of these chemokines. TWEAK also... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314729 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314683&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19344714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waters JM, Richardson GD, Jahoda CA The corneal epithelium is continuously replaced by epithelial stem cells located in the basal layer of the limbus, located at the margin of the cornea. Studying how the stem cell niche is established at the limbus during development of the eye may lead to better understanding and treatments for diseases associated with limbal deficiencies. Using two highly specific commercially available antibodies, K10 was consistently detected suprabasally throughout the developing limbal epithelium of late gestation (20.5dpc) and neonatal rat corneas, with interrupted expression in adult rat limbal epithelium. RT-PCR confirmed K10 expression at the transcript level in embryonic, neonatal and adult rat eyes. We have identified a time point where early stag... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314683 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314743&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19341728%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ito Y, Shimazawa M, Chen YN, Tsuruma K, Yamashima T, Araie M, Hara H Glaucoma, an optic neuropathy, is the leading cause of world blindness. In this condition, the damage extends from the retina to the visual center in the brain, although the primary region of damage is thought to be the optic nerve head (ONH), with the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) being secondarily affected. We investigated time-dependent alterations in the ONH, the optic nerve (ON), and the LGN after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in Japanese monkeys (a species more similar to humans than other macaque species). Nine Japanese monkeys, each with an experimental glaucomatous left eye, and two naive monkeys were studied. Ocular-testing sessions (including IOP measurement and fundus photography) were h... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314743 Mon, 30 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314769&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19328781%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we combined the oncolytic potential of a CRAd with its ability to deliver a suicide gene (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase suicide gene, HSVtk) in order to further enhance tumor cell killing in a human retinoblastoma (RB) mouse model. We could demonstrate that CRAd driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and armed with the HSV thymidine kinase suicide gene/ganciclovir (HSVtk/GCV) could very effectively reduce growth of human RB in an orthotopic nude mouse model. These findings suggest that hTERT promoter-driven CRAd in combination with HSVtk/GCV gene therapy could be a promising new approach for the treatment of RB. In addition, we found that hTERT promoter-driven CRAd replication occurred exclusively in human RB cells but not in primary hu... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314769 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314765&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19328782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kane BP, Jester JV, Huang J, Wahlert A, Hassell JR Keratocytes produce the extensive stromal matrix of the cornea during the late embryonic and neonatal time periods. We propose to test the hypothesis that their biosynthetic activity declines during this process. Keratocytes were isolated from corneas of 6-8-week-old rabbits and corneas of 1-2-year-old cows and their ability to proliferate and synthesize collagen in serum-free media was determined. Rabbit keratocyte cultures increased 38% in DNA content after one week and deposited collagen type I and IGF-II in the media. Bovine keratocyte cultures, in contrast, did not increase in DNA or produce detectable collagen and IGF-II. Bovine keratocytes cultured in media previously conditioned by rabbit keratocytes, however, increase... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314765 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314757&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19328783%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we have identified neural crest-derived corneal cells (MCCs) with stem cell-like properties derived from the corneal limbus of mice between postnatal days 1 and 8. RT-PCR analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrate that MCCs express a unique profile of markers including typical neural crest-originated stem cell transcripts like Sca1. MCCs show a limited self-renewing capacity but possess multipotency under in vitro conditions after differentiation into cells with features resembling adipocytes, osteoblasts and neuronal cells. Interestingly, MCCs could not be isolated from corneas of adult animals. We conclude that MCCs are stem cell-like cells of an early postnatal period of murine eye growth, probably involved in the early development of the postnatal cornea. P... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314757 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314749&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19332056%26dopt%3DAbstract This study focuses on Myo3B expression in the mouse retina. We cloned two variants of myo3B from mouse retina and determined that they are expressed early in retinal development. In this study we show for the first time in a mammal that both Myo3B and Myo3A proteins are present in inner segments of all photoreceptors. Myo3B is also present in outer segments of S opsin-immunoreactive cones but not M opsin dominant cones. Myo3B is also detected in rare cells of the inner nuclear layer and some ganglion cells. Myo3B may have diverse roles in retinal neurons. In photoreceptor inner segments Myo3B is positioned appropriately to prevent photoreceptor loss of function caused by Myo3A defects. PMID: 19332056 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314749 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314753&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19328784%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of the antitumor effects of TMPyP4. G-quadruplex structure may be a potential therapeutic target in retinoblastoma. PMID: 19328784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314753 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2314774&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19324038%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sallo FB, Bereczki E, Csont T, Luthert PJ, Munro P, Ferdinandy P, Sántha M, Lengyel I Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipid- and protein-rich deposits in Bruch's Membrane (BrM). A consequent decrease in hydraulic conductivity and impairment of transport through BrM may play a central role in the pathogenesis of AMD. The mechanism of deposit formation in AMD had been suggested to show similarities to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in which the interactions of extracellular matrix proteoglycans with apolipoprotein-B 100 (apoB-100) play an important role. A prime candidate for this interaction is the small leucin-rich proteoglycan biglycan. The aim of our study was to test the effect of the simultaneous overexpression ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2314774 Tue, 24 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2314774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290285&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19306869%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sullivan JM PMID: 19306869 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290285 Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2290285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290290&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fabiani C, Barabino S, Rashid S, Dana MR Although several studies have previously focused on the conjunctival epithelial response to surface dryness, little is known about the effect of a dry environment on corneal epithelium, which is the most clinically significant tissue affected in dry eye. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of desiccating stress on the number of proliferating corneal epithelial cells and corneal epithelial thickness in mice placed in a controlled-environment chamber (CEC) that induces dry eye. Corneal epithelial cell proliferation and thickness were studied in 8- to 12-week-old female BALB/c mice placed in the CEC (temperature: 22.3+/-0.7 degrees C; relative humidity: 22.5+/-4.5%; airflow: 15L/min) for 7 days and compared to a... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290290 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2290290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290286&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19303004%26dopt%3DAbstract This study stresses the importance of performing TGFBI genetic analysis in distinct CDs populations. PMID: 19303004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290286 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2290286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2290288&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19298815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruiz-Ederra J, Verkman AS Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels are expressed in corneal keratocytes, which become activated and migrate following corneal wounding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of AQP1 in keratocyte migration. Keratocyte primary cell cultures from wildtype and AQP1-null mice were compared, as well as keratocyte cultures from pig cornea in which AQP1 expression was modulated by RNAi knock-down and adenovirus-mediated overexpression. AQP1 expression was found in a plasma membrane pattern in corneal stromal and cultured keratocytes. Osmotic water permeability, as measured by calcein fluorescence quenching, was AQP1-dependent in cultured keratocytes, as was keratocyte migration following a scratch wound. Keratocyte migration in vivo was compar... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2290288 Mon, 16 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2290288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2279189&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19289117%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Singleton KR, Will DS, Schotanus MP, Haarsma LD, Koetje LR, Bardolph SL, Ubels JL The goal of this study was to determine if the high [K(+)] in tears, 20-25mM, serves to protect corneal epithelial cells from going into apoptosis after exposure to ambient UV-B radiation. Human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells in culture were exposed to UV-B at doses of 50-200 mJ/cm(2) followed by measurement of K(+) channel activation and activity of apoptotic pathways. Patch-clamp recording showed activation of K(+) channels after UV-B exposure at 80 mJ/cm(2) or 150 mJ/cm(2) and a decrease in UV-induced K(+) efflux with increasing [K(+)](o). The UV- activated current was partially blocked by the specific K(+) channel blocker, BDS-1. DNA fragmentation, as measured by the TUNEL assay, was ... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2279189 Fri, 13 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2279189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2270838&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19285499%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaur H, Chaurasia SS, Agrawal V, Suto C, Wilson SE The purpose of this study was to test the effect of corneal epithelial scrape on myofibroblasts associated with haze and elucidate the effect of interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor beta-1 on corneal stromal myofibroblasts viability and death in vitro. Corneal epithelial scrape was performed in rabbit eyes with severe haze at one month after -9 diopter photorefractive keratectomy. Corneas were processed for immunocytochemistry for myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and the TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis. Rabbit corneal fibroblasts were cultured with 2 ng/ml of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF beta1) to induce myofibroblast differentiation confirmed by monitoring alpha-SMA expression. Fluor... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2270838 Wed, 11 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2270838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2270842&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19285069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blacher S, Detry B, Bruyère F, Foidart JM, Noël A PMID: 19285069 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Experimental Eye Research) Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2270842 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2270842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2270840&cid=s_35562_30_f&fid=35562&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19285070%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chaurasia SS, Kaur H, Fabricio Medeiros WD, Smith SD, Wilson SE Previous studies have suggested that abnormal corneal wound healing in patients after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is associated with the appearance of myofibroblasts in the stroma between two and four weeks after surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine potential myofibroblast progenitor cells that might express other filament markers prior to completion of the differentiation pathway that yields alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts associated with haze localized beneath the epithelial basement membrane after PRK. Twenty-four female rabbits that had -9 diopter PRK were sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks after surgery. Corneal rims were collected, frozen at -80 deg... Experimental Eye Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2270840 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2270840