MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Folia Neuropathologica' source. Tue, 08 Dec 2009 14:54:02 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876642&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813140%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hossmann KA The high incidence and the devastating consequences of stroke call for efficient therapies but despite extensive experimental evidence of neuroprotective improvements, most clinical treatments have failed. The poor translational success is attributed to the inappropriate selection of clinically irrelevant animal models, the inappropriate focus on clinically irrelevant injury pathways and the inappropriate estimation of the length of therapeutic windows. To substantiate this conclusion, the pathophysiology of experimental stroke is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of collateral pathways, the penumbra concept and the viability thresholds of ischaemia, the haemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of injury evolution and the effect of secondary co... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876642 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876641&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813141%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Biernat W Metastases are the most common tumours of the central nervous system. Histopathological diagnosis remains the most efficient and specific diagnostic procedure that provides the clinician with quick, specific and cost-effective information necessary for the optimal treatment of the patient. Therefore, the pathologist should be acquainted with the potential opportunities to determine the most precise diagnosis in case of metastatic deposits involving the central nervous system. PMID: 19813141 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876641 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876640&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813142%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Floriańczyk B, Trojanowski T Studies suggest that excessive amounts of free zinc ions can cause neuron death by interfering with the energy production process. The sites of the cell oxidation activity of zinc are the glycolytic enzymes, the Krebs cycle components and the respiratory chain. Further consequences of reduced access to energy are: increased production of reactive forms of oxygen, decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased level of ATP. Also, the toxicity of zinc accelerates the supply of extra amounts of this element to the mitochondria, which results in their increased permeability. PMID: 19813142 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876640 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876639&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813143%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adamek D, Radwańska E, Gajda M The expression of protein RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells), possibly involved in the mechanisms of evasion of immune surveillance by tumours, has been studied in brain astrocytomas grade III and IV and in metastatic carcinomas to the brain by means of double immunofluorescence with antibodies against RCAS1 and respectively anti-GFAP (astroglia) or CD68 or CD74 (macrophages/microglia). Expression of RCAS1 has been reported in many types of carcinomas and in some normal cells, including bone marrow macrophages. Nakabayashi and coworkers recently reported expression of RCAS1 in gliomas. So far no attention has been paid to expression of RCAS1 in non-neoplastic cellular elements of tumours such as macrophages and ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876639 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876638&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adamczyk A, Kaźmierczak A alpha-Synuclein (ASN) is a brain-enriched protein that functions as a molecular chaperone and regulator of the synaptic vesicle cycle. However, if ASN is overexpressed and in prefibrillar oligomeric forms it activates free radical formation and has been implicated in neurodegeneration. The nuclear target for the free radical cascade is poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a DNA-binding enzyme and transcriptional regulator that decides on cell survival or death. Our previous data indicated that soluble oligomeric form of ASN significantly stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and by oxidative stress leads to mitochondria failure and cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ASN on PARP-1 protein level and on... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876638 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876637&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813145%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pajak B, Songin M, Strosznajder JB, Orzechowski A, Gajkowska B Herein we demonstrate that PC12 cells overexpress human amyloid beta precursor protein bearing double Swedish mutation(AbetaPPsw), showing the phenotype characteristic for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Examination of cells at ultrastructural level revealed the intracellular presence of peptide aggregates. Furthermore, autophagy induction was found to be a hallmark of amyloid beta-induced cytotoxicity. Importantly, autophagic vacuoles were co-localized within amyloid beta (Abeta) deposits. This suggests the involvement of autophagy in amyloid beta-elicited cell degeneration. PMID: 19813145 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876637 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876636&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813146%26dopt%3DAbstract We report the case of a 45-year-old woman referred to the Neurological Department with suspicion of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). CJD as well as infectious, autoimmune and some lysosomal diseases were excluded. Since clinical symptoms, i.e. psychotic, auditory and visual hallucinations as well as behavioural disturbances, still suggested metabolic or neurodegenerative disease, a skin and muscle biopsy was performed. On ultrastructural examination the muscle biopsy revealed the subsarcolemmal accumulation of lipofuscin, lipofuscinlike and granular osmiophilic deposits (GRODs). The most unique fingerprint deposits (FP) and curvilinear profiles (CP) for diagnosis of Kufs' disease were located in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In these cells lipofuscin-like deposits and GRODs were al... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876636 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876635&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813147%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the current study was ultrastructural assessment of astroglia in specimens of the hippocampal cortex and neocortex of the temporal lobe in our own experimental model of febrile seizures (FS) in rats, as well as the analysis of the influence of a structurally novel broad spectrum anticonvulsant, topiramate (TPM), upon these cells in the CNS regions studied. The current study was inspired by some interesting literature reports on the in vitro investigation into the biological effects of TPM in primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes and by the lack of data concerning astroglial morphology in vivo in an experimental model with this antiepileptic. In the FS group, the most pronounced changes in the study cell population referred to protoplasmic astroglia and were observed ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876635 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876634&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813148%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with a tumour of the right fronto-parietal region of the brain. The tumour consisted of two components: a well-differentiated astroglial component with Rosenthal fibres and a neoplastic neuronal component. The final histopathology established diagnosis of ganglioglioma WHO grade I. The patient was selected from a group of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumours screened for the most common molecular variants in the NBN gene (exons 5 and 6). Molecular analysis revealed the presence of c.511A>G (p.Ile171Val) substitution on one allele. This is the first patient with ganglioglioma and confirmed mutation in the NBN gene. PMID: 19813148 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876634 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2876633&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19813149%26dopt%3DAbstract We report an unusual case of a 7-year-old girl with a temporal lobe DNT, which recurred four years after subtotal resection of the tumour. In the recurrent lesion we identified pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) as a predominant component of the tumour. Small pieces of the removed tissues also disclosed remnants of DNT. Clinical presentation of the primary tumour consisted of partial simple seizures, while the recurrent tumour manifested with headache and vomiting. Likewise, the radiological appearance of both tumours was different. We conclude that patients with incompletely removed DNT may suffer local recurrence of that tumour. In rare cases development of a secondary, histologically different neoplasm may also occur. PMID: 19813149 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2876633 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 20:58:03 +0100 2876633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2717025&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liberski PP, Sikorska B, Guiroy D, Bessen RA We review here the history, neuropathology, clinical picture and molecular data on transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). This obscure disease is of utmost importance as it is plausible that it represents a transmission of hidden bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to mink in the USA. Of special interest is the similarity of L-type of BSE and TME. Furthermore, experimental molecular studies showed the TME strain-specific in vitro conversion in a cell-free system. In addition, we show here for the first time confocal laser microscopy studies of co-localization of PrPd- amyloid plaques and GFAP-expressing astrocytes. PMID: 19618341 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2717025 Fri, 21 Aug 2009 01:12:02 +0100 2717025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626059&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618333%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brown P The subject of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy may properly be said to have begun with the experimental transmission of scrapie by Cuillé and Chelle in 1936, although Creutzfeldt and Jakob had described the disease that bears their names in 1920-21. Thirty more years passed before the human disease was also shown to be transmissible, in 1966, and the following half century has seen the field move from classical biology to molecular biology and genetics, and from 'slow virus' to host-encoded 'prion' protein. Because nothing is more important to the research scientist than the process of seeing a problem and devising ways of solving it, and because we live and die by our publications, as much care should be given to these vehicles of our work and reputations... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626059 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626058&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weissmann C A plethora of prion strains can be propagated indefinitely in hosts homozygous for the PrP gene. Within the framework of the "protein-only" hypothesis, the strain-specific properties are enciphered in the conformation of the strain-associated PrPSc. Are these conformations codetermined by additional components, whose presence or absence within an infected cell could define the cell's competence to replicate a particular strain? Which cellular components, if any, contribute to the PrPC-to-PrPSc conversion in the cell? Many questions still remain to be answered in the field launched and nurtured by Carlton Gajdusek, to whom this essay is dedicated. PMID: 19618334 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626058 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626057&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618335%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liberski PP Kuru, the first human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, was transmitted to chimpanzees by D. Carleton Gajdusek (1923-2008). In this review, I briefly summarize the history of this seminal discovery alongside its epidemiology, clinical picture, neuropathology and molecular genetics. The discovery of kuru opened new windows into the realms of human medicine and was instrumental in the later transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as the prediction that bovine spongiform encephalopathy would be transmitted to humans. It was one of the greatest discoveries in biomedical sciences of the 20th century. PMID: 19618335 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626057 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626055&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lindenbaum S This essay discusses the image and practice of cannibalism in a wide range of studies. It also presents the anthropological research on kuru which led to the proposal that cannibalism had enabled transmission of the infectious agent, as well as doubts about the hypothesis, and the assertion by some that cannibalism as a socially approved custom did not exist. The figure of the cannibal as an icon of primitivism took form in the encounter between Europe and the Americas. Cannibalism was to become the prime signifier of "barbarism" for a language of essentialized difference that would harden into the negative racism of the nineteenth century. Anthropological and medical research now challenge the derogatory image of the cannibal as we learn more about the many past ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626055 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626054&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618337%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Katz M This brief historical review recounts the efforts of the discovery of the cause of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis from its initial pathological descriptions, through the identification of measles virus as its pathogen, to the current conceptual framework of its pathogenesis. It is presented as an example of what was once considered an "unconventional" infection, but is now the subject of speculation according to the modern principles of molecular biology. PMID: 19618337 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626054 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626052&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garruto RM, Yanagihara R Isolated human populations have provided a natural experimental laboratory for the ongoing study of human disease. In the mid-20th century a number of high-incidence foci of neurodegenerative diseases were brought to medical attention including kuru, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and parkinsonism-dementia. These foci were discovered in Papua New Guinea, West New Guinea, the Kii Peninsula of Japan, and in the Mariana Islands. The study of these diseases in isolated human groups has significantly contributed to our understanding of the cause and mechanisms of pathogenesis of these and related neurodegenerative disorders globally. This paper is dedicated to D. Carleton Gajdusek, a pioneer in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, whose decades of field... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626052 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626051&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goldfarb LG, Vladimirtsev VA, Platanov FA, Lee HS, McLean CA, Masters CL Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a unique disease occurring in the Yakut (Sakha) population of Eastern Siberia. VE is always fatal, with some patients dying during the acute encephalitic phase of illness; those surviving the acute phase develop progressive dementia, rigidity and spastic quadriparesis as part of a more prolonged pan-encephalitic syndrome. The disease is characterized neuropathologically by multiple widespread micronecrotic foci with marked inflammatory reactions and subsequent gliosis throughout the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and brain stem. The acute febrile onset with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and increased protein and neuropathology showing inflammatory reactions... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626051 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626050&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618340%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakamura T Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic progressive myelopathy characterized by bilateral pyramidal tract involvement with sphincteric disturbances. The primary neuropathological feature of HAM/TSP is chronic myelitis characterized by perivascular cuffing and parenchymal infiltration of lymphocytes. Although the exact cellular and molecular events underlying the induction of chronic inflammation in the spinal cord by HTLV-I are still unclear, a long-standing bystander mechanism, such as the destruction of surrounding nervous tissue by the interaction between HTLV-I-infected CD4+ T cells and HTLV-I-specific cytotoxic T cells in the spinal cord, is probably critical in the immunopathogenesis ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626050 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626048&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liberski PP, Sikorska B, Guiroy D, Bessen RA We review here the history, neuropathology, clinical picture and molecular data on transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME). This obscure disease is of utmost importance as it is plausible that it represents a transmission of hidden bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to mink in the USA. Of special interest is the similarity of L-type of BSE and TME. Furthermore, experimental molecular studies showed the TME strain-specific in vitro conversion in a cell-free system. In addition, we show here for the first time confocal laser microscopy studies of co-localization of PrPd- amyloid plaques and GFAP-expressing astrocytes. PMID: 19618341 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626048 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2626045&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19618342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Akimov S, Vasilyeva I, Yakovleva O, McKenzie C, Cervenakova L Transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)/prion diseases through transplantation of bone marrow (BM) has never been reported in humans. However, the use of fetal bovine serum in current protocols for generating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) carries the risk of iatrogenic spread. We developed a cell model from murine BM-derived MSCs and tested its susceptibility to Fukuoka-1 (Fu) strain of TSEs. The adherent cells expressed significant levels of normal prion protein, PrPC, at the time when they became immortalized. The cell culture underwent spontaneous transformation following inoculation with Fu-infected brain homogenate and became persistently infected after reinoculation with Fu agent. Exte... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2626045 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:40:05 +0100 2626045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2538828&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353436%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andrychowski J, Czernicki Z, Netczuk T, Taraszewska A, Dabrowski P, Rakasz L, Budohoski K Surgical intervention in severe cases of occipital neuralgia should be considered if pharmacological and local nerve blocking treatment fail. The literature suggests two types of interventions: surgical decompression of the greater occipital nerve (GON) from the entrapment site, as a less invasive approach, and neurotomy of the nerve trunk, which results in ipsilateral sensation deficits in the GON innervated area of the skull. Due to anatomical variations in the division of the GON trunk, typical neurotomy above the line of the trapezius muscle aponeurosis (TMA) may not result in full recovery. The present study discusses a case of a female treated with GON decompression as a result of o... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2538828 Sat, 27 Jun 2009 21:26:03 +0100 2538828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315420&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353429%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a review of current concepts regarding CADASIL pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis in which neuropathological examinations played a key role. PMID: 19353429 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315420 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315411&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castejon OJ Cortical biopsies of 13 patients with clinical diagnosis of congenital hydrocephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus, and postmeningitis hydrocephalus were examined by transmission electron microscopy to study the damage of endothelial cells, basement membrane, astrocytic end-feet layer, and perivascular space. Capillaries from the parietal and frontal cortex showed increased vesicular and vacuolar transport, intact endothelial junctions, thin and immature basement membrane, swollen perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, and enlarged perivascular space. In areas of severe oedema, open endothelial junctions, swollen basement membrane, absent perivascular astrocytic end-feet layer, enlarged perivascular space, and disrupted perivascular neuropil were o... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315411 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315404&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyja E, Pronicki M, Kowalski P, Czarnowska E, Taybert J Mitochondrial protein coded by the SCO2 gene is involved in the process of assembly of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Progressive cardiomyopathy, neuropathy and lactic acidosis are presented by infants with SCO2 gene mutations. Only a dozen patients with this gene mutation have been reported in the literature. Muscle ultrastructure is mentioned only in a few case reports. The aim of this study was to search for typical ultrastructural features in 11 skeletal muscle specimens from Polish patients bearing SCO2 gene mutations. Ultrastructural analysis confirms domination of atrophic and degenerative changes, including atrophic muscle fibres of irregular shape with folding of basal lamina and numerous papillary p... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315404 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315396&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353432%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: IMs comprise 6% of all muscle diseases and IBM is not a common IM in India as reported in the Western literature. Our findings support the hypothesis of autoimmune origin of IMs. The difference between expression of these molecules in IMs and controls also has diagnostic implications and these markers should be included along with MHC-1 antigen and membrane attack complex (MAC) in the existing diagnostic armamentarium. PMID: 19353432 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315396 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315390&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353433%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, MRS is a diagnostic tool which, on the basis of direction of changes in the value of metabolite ratios, helps additionally confirm the diagnosis of glioma regrowth. In the case of a visible contrast enhancement area on the postoperative MRI with observed concomitant increase in Cho/NAA ratio and decrease in NAA/Cr ratio between pre- and postoperative MRS examinations, preliminary suspicion should be that of glioma regrowth rather than of remnant tumour after surgery or postradiation lesions. PMID: 19353433 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315390 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315383&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rafałowska J, Gadamski R, Dziewulska D, Zielonka P, Ogonowska W, Lazarewicz JW A photochemical ring model of ischaemia was introduced in the middle of the nineteen eighties. Irradiation by a laser or arc lamp followed by intravenous injection of rose bengal resulted in thrombosis of pial and superficial cortical vessels. This ring model imitated focal ischaemic damage in humans. In our experiment twenty-seven Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 250-300 grams were examined. A photochemical ring model based on irradiation of the area of parietal bone 4 mm posteriorly to the bregma and 4 mm laterally from the sagittal suture was applied. A ring-shaped light beam with a wavelength of 510-540 nm with 5 mm diameter was generated by a high pressure discharge lamp at a power of 4... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315383 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315376&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353435%26dopt%3DAbstract This study correlates the changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels and neuronal counts in areas of the hippocampus to consecutive exposure of stress, heat and CPF. Male mice (60 days) were segregated into six groups: one control, one stress control, and four treated groups (n=10). CPF was applied in doses of 1/2 and 1/5 of dermal LD50 (E1 and E2) over the tail of mice under occlusive bandages for 3 weeks. Stress control [(s) C] mice were subjected to swim stress at 38 degrees C (6 mins/day, 3 weeks). (s) E1 and (s) E2 were subjected to swim stress before CPF application. Blood and brain AChE levels were estimated using a spectrofluorometric method (Amplex Red). Pyramidal neurons of the cornu ammonis of the hippocampus under Nissl stain from histological sections were counted per unit ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315376 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315372&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353436%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Andrychowski J, Czernicki Z, Netczuk T, Taraszewska A, Dabrowski P, Rakasz L, Budohoski K Surgical intervention in severe cases of occipital neuralgia should be considered if pharmacological and local nerve blocking treatment fail. The literature suggests two types of interventions: surgical decompression of the greater occipital nerve (GON) from the entrapment site, as a less invasive approach, and neurotomy of the nerve trunk, which results in ipsilateral sensation deficits in the GON innervated area of the skull. Due to anatomical variations in the division of the GON trunk, typical neurotomy above the line of the trapezius muscle aponeurosis (TMA) may not result in full recovery. The present study discusses a case of a female treated with GON decompression as a result of o... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315372 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2315367&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19353437%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krzysztolik K, Cybulski C, Sagan L, Nowacki P, Lubiński J Endolymphatic sac tumours (ELST) are aggressive papillary tumours of the temporal bone. The name was finally determined after the endolymphatic sac was determined as the site of their origin. They should be considered in patients with tumours eroding the petrous part of the temporal bone, extending to the cerebellopontine angle or other adjacent structures. These very rare tumours in the general population have much higher prevalence in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Hence molecular analysis of the VHL gene should be performed in patients with ELST and their relatives. The purpose of this study is to present a case report, histopathological characterization of endolymphatic sac tumours, their association with von Hipp... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2315367 Thu, 09 Apr 2009 13:50:51 +0100 2315367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1865144&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825593%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: In some patients the onset of OMA is related to vaccination or infection. Children with OMA and neuroblastoma despite a good oncological prognosis often present permanent neurological and developmental deficits. The inflammatory infiltrations within the tumours are combined, with predominant participation of cytotoxic cells. PMID: 18825593 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1865144 Fri, 10 Oct 2008 12:32:02 +0100 1865144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844147&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Lewandowska E, Stepień T, Modzelewska J Glycogenosis type IV is caused by a defi ciency of glycogen branching enzyme (alpha-1,4 glucan 6-transglucosylase). Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) may represent a neuropathological hallmark of the adult form of this storage disease of the central nervous system. We analysed a case of a 45-year-old unconscious woman who died three days after admission to the hospital. Neuropathological examination revealed massive accumulation of polyglucosan bodies (PBs) in the cortex and white matter of the whole brain. PBs were located in the processes of neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells. The storage material in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells was visible as fi ne granules. Ultrastructurally, PBs cons... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844147 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844146&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825593%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: In some patients the onset of OMA is related to vaccination or infection. Children with OMA and neuroblastoma despite a good oncological prognosis often present permanent neurological and developmental defi cits. The infl ammatory infi ltrations within the tumours are combined, with predominant participation of cytotoxic cells. PMID: 18825593 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844146 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844145&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taraszewska A, Matyja E, Koszewski W, Zaczyński A, Bardadin K, Czernicki Z Glial cysts of the pineal gland are benign and mostly asymptomatic incidental lesions found in the brain MRI or at autopsy examinations. In rare cases pineal cysts become symptomatic and require surgical intervention. Symptomatic glial cysts may be clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from cystic neoplasms of the pineal region; therefore, histopathological diagnosis is critical for further prognosis and therapy in operated patients. In this paper we present detailed histopathological characteristics of symptomatic glial cysts in 2 surgical cases and of asymptomatic cysts of the pineal gland found at random in 3 autopsy cases. Both surgical patients, a 19-year-old girl and a 17-year-old ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844145 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844144&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825595%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fidziańska A, Walczak E, Glinka Z, Religa G We analysed the architecture of cardiomyocyte nuclei lacking lamin A activity in three patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical and electrophysiological examinations, chest radiography and electrocardiography. An ultrastructural study of aff ected cardiomyocytes showed dramatic alterations in nuclear distribution and organization aff ecting nuclear shape, lamina structure, chromatin and nuclear interior organization. The most specifi c hallmark of nuclei with lamin A defi ciency was the reorganization of the nuclear interior, the appearance of a various number of mitochondria within the nuclear matrix, and focal or total lack of nuclear membrane. PMID: 18825595 [PubMed - i... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844144 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844143&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825596%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: Our results show that production of transient remote ischaemia preconditioning in the lower extremities reduces damage in the spinal cord secondary to ischaemia probably by the increase of HSP. PMID: 18825596 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844143 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844142&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sulejczak D, Grieb P, Walski M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M Unilateral surgical brain injury of the rat is a model of surgery-related brain damage of humans. Our preliminary experiments showed two phenomena within the damaged cortical region of rat brain. Those were: degeneration and death of neurons and massive gliosis. In the present study we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of neuronal death following brain injury and to characterize responses of glial cells to the damage. We analyzed the morphological changes and alterations of immunochemical profile of cells localized in the brain areas adjacent to the lesion. Our data show the massive neuronal death following the lesion. Neurons undergo necrosis and apoptosis, but on the 4th day following the operation apoptosis prevails. A... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844142 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844141&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825598%26dopt%3DAbstract This report presents a case of widespread intramedullary giant cell ependymoma arising from the central canal of the C4 segment of the spinal cord in a 28-year-old man admitted to hospital with tetraplegia and signs of increased intracranial pressure, eight months after surgical spinal cervical decompression without tetraplegia improvement. Magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy revealed a tumour extending from segment C3/C4 of the spinal cord to the lower half of the fourth ventricle with coexisting syringomyelia. This slow-growing ependymoma of low-grade malignancy exhibited unusual morphology as well as degenerative and ischaemic changes. All intramedullary and ventricular tumour segments featured coexistence of two forms of neoplastic cell, classic ependymomal and pleomorphic multinucl... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844141 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1844140&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18825599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schmidt-Sidor B, Obersztyn E, Szymańska K, Wychowski J, Mierzewska H, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Stepień T CHILD syndrome is an acronym for Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform nevus and Limb Defects. This is an X-linked dominant disorder affecting females with early lethality in hemizygous males. The clinical features are congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and ipsilateral hypoplasia of limbs and other parts of the skeleton as well as defects of the brain, heart, kidney and lung. CHILD syndrome is caused by mutations in the NSDHL (steroid dehydrogenase-like protein) gene at Xq28, which affects cholesterol biosynthesis. A female premature newborn with left side body hemidysplasia and ipsilateral defects of the skin, visceral organs and brain i... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1844140 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 11:39:27 +0100 1844140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1634515&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368625%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here routine thin-section and immunogold electron microscopic studies on diffuse plaques in scrapie-affected hamster brains. These plaques were not discernible by routine HE staining. Ultrastructurally, plaques were recognized as areas of low electron density containing haphazardly-oriented fibrils, but not as stellate compact structures typical of mouse scrapie models; hence we labelled them "loose plaques". Following immunohistochemistry at the electron microscopy level, fibrils within plaques were heavily decorated with PrP-conjugated gold particles. Loose plaques were located beneath the basal border of the ependymal cells and around blood vessels in the adjacent subependymal neuropil. When dystrophic neurites containing electron-dense inclusion bodies, some of them autophagi... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1634515 Fri, 18 Jul 2008 08:59:37 +0100 1634515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1634514&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Łotowska JM, Sobaniec-Łotowska ME, Sendrowski K, Sobaniec W, Artemowicz B The ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the gyrus hippocampal cortex in an experimental model of febrile seizures in rats and the effect of a new generation antiepileptic drug, topiramate, on the morphological status of this barrier were investigated. Advanced changes indicating a substantial increase in BBB permeability were observed in the animals with induced febrile seizures (FS), with approximately 2/3 of capillaries and perivascular astroglial processes being affected. Almost total occlusion of the capillary lumen was frequently seen, caused by damaged endothelial lining and by external pressure from markedly swollen perivascular astrocytic processes. Mitochondrial change... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1634514 Fri, 18 Jul 2008 08:59:37 +0100 1634514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559977&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liberski PP It is now widely accepted that many structurally diverse proteins can misfold and cause so-called "conformational diseases", including the most common neurodegenerations, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The conversion of largely a-helical or random coil proteins into cross-b-pleated sheet conformations that form first oligomers and then fibrils underlies these disorders. However, this a- to b-structure transition seems to be a generic propensity of all globular proteins, not only those involved in neurodegenerations, not to mention "prion diseases". Metaphorically, all these neurodegenerations are "infectious" in the sense that misfolded b-sheeted conformers are formed in a nucleation process in which preformed metastable oligomer acts as a seed (a nuc... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559977 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559977 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559976&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wlodarski PK, Boszczyk A, Grajkowska W, Roszkowski M, Jozwiak J Molecular pathways underlying medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumour in children, are still under scrutiny. The mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the kinases that was recently found to be implicated in a number of human tumours. Also in the case of MB it is suspected that mTOR dysregulation may play an important role in pathogenesis. Active mTOR leads to translation of several proteins, some of which affect cellular proliferation. On the other hand, Akt/PKB (protein kinase B) and Erk (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, also called mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) are two protein kinases whose hyperactivity leads to a number of downstream effects, including ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559976 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559975&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewandowska E, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Rola R, Modzelewska J, Stepień T, Lugowska A, Pasennik E, Ryglewicz D Ultrastructural analysis of the skeletal muscle in adult-onset Pompe disease revealed lysosomal and cytoplasmic glycogen storage, autophagic vacuoles and abnormal mitochondria. Significant glycogen accumulation within lysosomes causes their rupture and release of glycogen into the cytoplasm. Excess cytoplasmic glycogen could lead to damage of the structure of muscle cells including myofibrils. In consequence, parts of the sarcoplasm and damaged organelles were sequestered within membrane-limited vacuoles. We suppose that massive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles results from the inability of destroyed lysosomes to fuse with vacuoles. Autophagic vacuoles may be a pr... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559975 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559974&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Michałowska-Wender G, Wender M Intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) is the standard method in the treatment of acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is believed to affect various immunological processes involved in the pathology of MS, including apoptosis and phagocytosis. Peripheral blood was obtained from 50 patients, with clinically definite MS, fulfilling the revised criteria of McDonald, a day before, after 5 days of MP treatment, and two weeks after conclusion of the treatment. Intravenous administration of 1.0 gamma daily of MP was used to treat the new relapses of the disease. The control group comprised 20 healthy blood donors. The subset of lymphocytes CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD95 /CD3 and CD95/ CD19 was studied using monoclonal antibodies by flow cyt... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559974 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559973&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyja E, Taraszewska A, Nagańska E, Grieb P, Rafałowska J Cytidine-5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline, citicoline) is an endogenous nucleoside involved in generation of phospholipids, membrane formation and its repair. It demonstrates beneficial effects in certain central nervous system injury models, including cerebral ischaemia, neurodegenerative disorders and spinal cord injury. Defective neuronal and/or glial glutamate transport is claimed to contribute to progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our previous ultrastructural studies, performed on an organotypic tissue culture model of chronic glutamate excitotoxicity, documented a subset of various modes of MN death including necrotic, apoptotic and autophagocytic cell injur... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559973 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559972&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mittelbronn M, Capper D, Bader B, Schittenhelm J, Haybaeck J, Weber P, Meyermann R, Kretzschmar HA, Wietholter H Although neuropathological examination is still required for the definite diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), specialised clinical assessment predicts probable CJD. Here we present a 73-year-old female patient presenting with rapid cognitive decline, visual, acoustic and cerebellar disturbances, ataxia and EEG changes compatible with early CJD stages. MRI revealed hyperintensities within the thalami, hypothalami, corpora mammillaria, the tectum and the cortex. Initial neuropathological examination showed severe cortical and subcortical spongiosis. However, both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed no pathological prion protein. Finally, small i... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559972 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559972 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559971&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587710%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: The absence of nerve fibres in the central areas of the necrotic foci of NL might explain the anaesthesia which is present in many patients with that disease. PMID: 18587710 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559971 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559970&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18587711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izycka-Swieszewska E, Majewska H, Szurowska E, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M, Drozyńska E The article describes a case of a 15-year old boy after a head contusion with a five-month history of headaches and two seizure episodes. MR imaging revealed a partly solid and partly cystic cortical-subcortical tumour within the precentral gyrus with post-contrast enhancement. The patient underwent gross total resection of the lesion. Histologically the neoplasm was composed of pseudopapillary gliovascular structures surrounded by solid glioneuronal tumour areas. The expression of GFAP and nestin characterized the central parts of the tumour. Moreover the immunolabelling for synaptophysin, neurofilaments, Olig2 and NCAM was present in the peripheral part of the lesion. The ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559970 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 08:08:28 +0100 1559970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334366&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368623%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liberski PP, Brown DR, Sikorska B, Caughey B, Brown P Neuronal autophagy, like apoptosis, is one of the mechanisms of programmed cell death. In this review, we summarize current information about autophagy in naturally occurring and experimentally induced scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome against the broad background of neural degenerations in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Typically a sequence of events is observed: from a part of the neuronal cytoplasm sequestrated by concentric arrays of double membranes (phagophores); through the enclosure of the cytoplasm and membrane proliferation; to a final transformation of the large area of the cytoplasm into a collection of autophagic vacuoles of different sizes. T... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334366 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334365&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armstrong RA In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) occur within neurons in both the upper and lower cortical laminae. Using a statistical method that estimates the size and spacing of NFT clusters along the cortex parallel to the pia mater, two hypotheses were tested: 1) that the cluster size and distribution of the NFT in gyri of the temporal lobe reflect degeneration of the feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) cortico-cortical pathways, and 2) that there is a spatial relationship between the clusters of NFT in the upper and lower laminae. In 16 temporal lobe gyri from 10 cases of sporadic AD, NFT were present in both the upper and lower laminae in 11/16 (69%) gyri and in either the upper or lower laminae in 5/16 (31%) gyri. Clustering of the NFT was observ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334365 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334364&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368625%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here routine thin-section and immunogold electron microscopic studies on diffuse plaques in scrapie-affected hamster brains. These plaques were not discernible by routine HE staining. Ultrastructurally, plaques were recognized as areas of low electron density containing haphazardly-oriented fibrils, but not as stellate compact structures typical of mouse scrapie models; hence we labelled them "loose plaques". Following immunohistochemistry at the electron microscopy level, fibrils within plaques were heavily decorated with PrP-conjugated gold particles. Loose plaques were located beneath the basal border of the ependymal cells and around blood vessels in the adjacent subependymal neuropil. When dystrophic neurites containing electron-dense inclusion bodies, some of them autophagi... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334364 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334363&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368626%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, loss of TSC1 and TSC2 products expression in balloon cells of both cortical dysplasia type IIB in TSC-related and sporadic patients suggests that FCD type IIB may represent the focal form of TSC. PMID: 18368626 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334363 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334362&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Czajkowska D, Andrychowski J, Walski M New vessel formation is a prerequisite for the growth of a tumour mass. Growing evidence suggests that endothelial progenitor cells circulate in the blood and participate in that process. The purpose of the present study was ultrastructural and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination of capillary blood vessels in human glioma. The results showed striking morphological changes in these vessels. Our observations indicate that tumours build vessels by cooption of pre-existing vasculature and de novo recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells. Immature endothelial cells characterized by fibrils in the cytoplasm and Flk-1 positive immunoreactivity were observed as small clusters or luminally localized indivi... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334362 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334361&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lotowska JM, Sobaniec-Łotowska ME, Sendrowski K, Sobaniec W, Artemowicz B The ultrastructure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the gyrus hippocampal cortex in an experimental model of febrile seizures in rats and the effect of a new generation antiepileptic drug, topiramate, on the morphological status of this barrier were investigated. Advanced changes indicating a substantial increase in BBB permeability were observed in the animals with induced febrile seizures (FS), with approximately 2/3 of capillaries and perivascular astroglial processes being affected. Almost total occlusion of the capillary lumen was frequently seen, caused by damaged endothelial lining and by external pressure from markedly swollen perivascular astrocytic processes. Mitochondrial changes pred... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334361 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334360&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Słomka M, Ziemińska E, Salińska E, Lazarewicz JW Nicotinamide (NAM), an important cofactor in many metabolic pathways, exhibits at high doses neuroprotective abilities of an unclear mechanism. In the present study we evaluated the unknown protective capability of its immediate metabolite 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in comparison to NAM in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) submitted to acute excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicity was evaluated with propidium iodide staining 24 h after 30 min exposure to glutamate (GLU) and NMDA. NAM and MNA reduced NMDA toxicity only at 25 mM concentration, while neurotoxicity of 0.5 mM GLU was slightly diminished only by 25 mM NAM. Both compounds at 25 mM reduced GLU-induced 45Ca uptake and dose-dependently inhibit... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334360 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1334359&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18368630%26dopt%3DAbstract We present clinical, biochemical and neuropathological findings of a child affected by a severe form of ADSL deficiency. She had progressive neurological symptoms that started immediately after birth and died at 2.5 months of age. Macroscopically the brain showed signs of moderate atrophy. Histological examination of all grey matter structures showed widespread damage of neurons accompanied by microspongiosis of neuropile. Cerebral white matter showed lack of myelination in the centrum semiovale and diffuse spongiosis of neuropile. Myelination appropriate for the age was visible in posterior limb of internal capsule, in striatum, thalamus and in brain stem structures but diffuse destruction of myelin sheets was seen with severe marked astroglial reaction with signs of destruction of the ce... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1334359 Fri, 28 Mar 2008 21:30:27 +0100 1334359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869268&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lazarczyk M, Matyja E, Lipkowski A Tachykinins are excitatory neuropeptides synthesised in neuronal and glial cells of the human central and peripheral nervous system. They participate in both physiological and certain pathological conditions, i.e. synaptic transmission, nociception and neuroimmunomodulation. Tachykinins act as excitatory neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators and induce DNA synthesis leading to stimulation of cell division and proliferation. Their biological responses are triggered via the well-established tachykinin receptors NK1, NK2 and NK3 that belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family (GPCRs). Substance P is the most important member of the tachykinin family that constitutes the major endogenous ligand for the NK1 receptor type. The presence of f... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869268 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869267&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armstrong RA The size frequency distributions of beta-amyloid (Abeta) and prion protein (PrPsc) deposits were studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) respectively. All size distributions were unimodal and positively skewed. Abeta deposits reached a greater maximum size and their distributions were significantly less skewed than the PrPsc deposits. All distributions were approximately log-normal in shape but only the diffuse PrPsc deposits did not deviate significantly from a log-normal model. There were fewer larger classic Abeta deposits than predicted and the florid PrPsc deposits occupied a more restricted size range than predicted by a log-normal model. Hence, Abeta deposits exhibit greater growth than the corresponding ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869267 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869266&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849361%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Duda-Szymańska J, Papierz W Ependymomas generally show slow growth rate and are associated with a long clinical history. In some cases however the biology of these tumours is considered to be unpredictable on the basis of histologic criteria. Density of microvessels was shown to serve in various malignant neoplasms as a prognostic factor that correlates with increased risk of metastasis and overall free survival. Some data suggest that density of blood vessels may be of prognostic value also in patients with neuroepithelial tumours. The aim of this study was to determinate whether that observation can be applied to ependymomas. The materials included 51 ependymomas G2 and G3 according to the WHO classification. Vasculature was visualized immunohistochemically in paraffin... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869266 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869265&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849362%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyja E, Grajkowska W, Taraszewska A, Marchel A, Bojarski P, Nauman P Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system are often accompanied by a cyst exhibiting an extensive astroglial reaction. The cyst's wall might be composed of various astroglial elements including reactive pilocytic or gemistocytic and hypertrophic astrocytes. The small tissue samples composed of compact gliotic tissue are sometimes nonrepresentative for primary hemangioblastoma tumour and might be confused with both pilocytic and diffuse infiltrative astrocytoma. Moreover, vascular anomalies of hemangioblastoma-like pattern could be combined with true neoplastic glial proliferation. Such association of glioma with certain types of vascular anomalies has been designated as angioglioma. In the current stu... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869265 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869264&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849363%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taran K, Kobos J, Sitkiewicz A, Sporny S Adversities observed in treatment of children with neoplastic disease based on new diagnostic markers and new prognostic factors. Both of them allow prognosis to be established for a single patient. The aim of our study was to examine the expression of CD44 adhesion molecule in different histologic types in a neuroblastoma group of tumours (35 cases of neuroblastoma from current files and archives) and to estimate the possible prognostic value of CD44 expression by comparison with widely accepted prognostic markers and chosen histoclinical parameters (9 cases of neuroblastoma with follow-up data). We did not find a statistically significant correlation between CD44 expression and histologic type of the tumour. However, we found that all... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869264 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869263&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849364%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fidziańska A, Walczak E, Walski M Ultrastructural analysis of the cardiomyocyte structure in Danon disease reveals dramatic accumulation of abnormal late autophagic vacuoles (AVd) suggestive of primary lysosomal defect. Moreover, the accumulation of AVd in cardiomyocytes is consistent with a decreased rate of autophagic to lysosomal trafficking. These results suggest that the loss of the LAMP-2 protein strongly inhibits uptake of proteins into lysosomes for degeneration. The significant reduction of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity in the affected cardiomyocytes induces a dramatic increase in the number and size of AVd and a severe reduction of myocardial contractility. PMID: 17849364 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869263 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869262&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849365%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a case of a 10-year-old girl with a tumour of the right temporoparietal region of the brain. The tumour consisted of three morphologically distinct portions: a well-differentiated one containing a mixture of a ganglioglioma with adipocytic-like cells and focal chondroid metaplasia, a separate island with neurocytic differentiation, and the malignant one, which exhibited an organoid pattern (trabecular and festooned) of primitive neuroectodemal tumour (PNET). We hypothesize that the latter component originated from the multicomponental glioneuronal tumour with mesenchymal differentiation and thus that lesion constituted an unusual example of malignant transformation of low-grade glioneuronal neoplasm. PMID: 17849365 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869262 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869261&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849366%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a 37-year-old male with primary pituitary lymphoma treated in our department. The patient, who had had no previous illnesses, was admitted to the hospital because of bilateral blurred vision. Findings on physical examination were normal except for temporal parts of field of vision deficit. No abnormalities were found in his bilateral ocular movement, facial sensory function or motor function. His blood count and biochemical profile were normal. Basic hormonal studies revealed no symptoms of panhypopituitarism. MRI demonstrated a large intrasellar mass with supra- and parasellar extension. MRS revealed decrease in NAA/tCr proportion and increase in Cho/NAA and Cho/tCr proportions. Endoscopic surgery was performed using the transsphenoidal approach. Histopathological examination d... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869261 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=869260&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17849367%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, when a vascular accident is suspected or has to be demonstrated, we suggest performing comparative histological examinations of selected artery samples, even several months after death. PMID: 17849367 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=869260 Fri, 14 Sep 2007 01:20:03 +0100 869260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701866&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fidziańska A, Glinka Z We performed ultrastructural studies on nuclear abnormalities in muscle from 8 patients with X-linked and autosomal dominant form of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and one case with progeroid syndrome. The diagnosis was based on clinical and molecular findings. We detected various degrees of nuclear architecture remodelling ranging from misshapen shape, nuclear disintegration, nuclear chromatin condensation and decondensation, focal chromatin loss to complete nuclear fragmentation. The most interesting finding was the appearance of tubulofilamentous inclusions inside the nuclear matrix of X-linked EDMD patients. All these nuclear aberrations are considered to be structural indicators of nuclear dysfunction evoked by envelope protein deficiency... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701866 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701865&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594595%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on clinical and pathomorphological features of 17 patients diagnosed with multi-minicore myopathy at our department. Clinically, axial and proximal muscle weakness was the predominant distinguishing feature. Dysmorphic features such as high-arched palate and chest deformities were frequent findings. Limitation in cervical spine mobility was found in 4 cases. Most of our cases were slowly progressive but three fatal cases also occurred. Multifocal lack of oxidative activity was found in 16/22 biopsies on LM. Examination on EM enabled the final diagnosis of MmD in all cases. It is of special interest that in 3 patients fulfilling the criteria of pure congenital fibre type disproportion and in 2 cases of centronuclear myopathy, the findings of ultrastructural examination led us to a... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701865 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701864&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594596%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: Presence of kynurenine aminotransferases in CAm in the human retina and optic nerve suggest that both enzymes may be involved in mechanisms of retinal ageing and neurodegeneration leading to CAm formation. PMID: 17594596 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701864 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701863&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mahta A, Haghpanah V, Lashkari A, Heshmat R, Larijani B, Tavangar SM Pituitary adenomas without clinically active hypersecretion are summarized under the term non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA). Since there are no specific serum markers, the differential diagnosis and treatment imply special difficulties. By using immunohistochemical methods we will have new insight into the nature and pathogenesis of these tumours. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 and its labelling index (LI) is considered a marker of normal and abnormal cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of immunohistochemistry and MIB1-LI determination in NFPAs to predict tumoural behaviour and better management. In this clinicopathologica... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701863 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701862&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Michałowska-Wender G, Adamcewicz G, Wender M Diabetic and alcoholic neuropathies are heterogeneous groups with variable lesions of axons or myelin. Their pathogenesis is complex and involves multiple pathways. To elucidate the impact of immunological factors in development of these neuropathies the expression of some cytokines in serum was studied: tumour necrosis factor a (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GRO-alpha; CXCL1). 29 patients with type 2 diabetes, 31 with chronic alcohol abuse and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. The type of neuropathy (involvement of axon or myelin) was evaluated by electrophysiological methods (EMG and nerve conduction velocity). The cytokine level was determined by ELISA method. F... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701862 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701861&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594599%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the role of trkB in long-term functional and morphological outcome of peripheral nerve injury. The sciatic nerve was transected in wild-type and heterozygous trkB-deficient mice. The nerve was either left cut or immediately sewn up or the gap injury model was performed. The gap was provided with autologous or cross (obtained from other genetic group) graft. Sciatic nerve function as well as autotomy was assessed during 16-week follow-up. The long-term functional outcome of nerve cut or immediately rejoined did not differ between wild-type and trkB-deficient mice. Gap injury provided with nerve graft resulted in better functional outcome in trkB-deficient mice than wild-type animals. Sixteen weeks after the surgery, the animals were sacrificed and histological evaluations were p... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701861 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=701860&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17594600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Salehpour F, Tubbs RS, Zarrintan S, Meshkini A, Hadidchi S, Pourfathi H, Azhough R, Fakhrjou A, Goodrich JT, Khaki AA The authors present a rare case of C-6 vertebral involvement in a 12-year-old boy with histiocytosis X. The patient presented with limitation in movements of neck and upper extremities. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging were used in the preoperative workup. Surgery was performed via an anterior cervical approach along with stabilization using a fibula strut graft and plate fixation. Pathological assessment showed infiltration of Langerhans cells accompanied by a mixture of many eosinophils, giant cells, neutrophils and foamy cells. The patient went on to make a full recovery with complete resolution of his motor weakness. In an exten... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=701860 Thu, 28 Jun 2007 16:36:50 +0100 701860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482410&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357004%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izycka-Swieszewska E, Drozyńska E, Rzepko R, Dembowska B, Grajkowska W, Brozyna A, Perek D, Balcerska A, Jaśkiewicz K The aim of the study was to determine microscopic angiogenic parameters of neuroblastoma (NB) Schwannian stroma-poor tumours. Furthermore the associations between vascular parameters and clinicopathological features of tumours and basic prognostic factors were analysed. Examined tissue samples from 62 NB came from 39 untreated and 23 chemotherapy pretreated tumours. The clinicopathological data comprised: patients' age, gender, survival, tumour site and stage, tumour histology and MYCN status.The morphological analysis of the angiogenic potential concentrated on examination of vascular patterns - classical type or pathological angiogenesis with mural microvas... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482410 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482409&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357005%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taraszewska A, Matyja E Altered tumour cell glycosylation in relation to cellular heterogeneity in human brain tumours remains relatively unexplored. It has been reported that meningiomas express variability in glycosylation properties; however only limited meningioma subtypes have been studied with lectins histochemistry. The aim of this study was to compare the binding pattern of biotinylated lectins in seven subtypes of histologically benign intracranial meningiomas (meningothelial, transitional, fibroblastic, psammomatous, secretory, microcystic and angiomatous types). The study was performed on biopsy material of 30 cases of meningiomas with different lectins: Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Soybean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482409 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482408&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357006%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe a granular cell tumour developing in clear cell meningioma of the falx. Granular and clear cells showed immunoreactivity for vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen and progesterone receptors. This is the first case documenting arachnoid origin of neoplastic granular cells in meningioma. PMID: 17357006 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482408 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482407&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357007%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a case of a nine-year-old patient with neurofibromatosis type 2 who had radiologic evidence of spinal cord compression from an upper cervical/foramen magnum lesion. He was asymptomatic from this lesion, but it progressed in size. The tumor was resected and histologic investigation revealed frequent tight whorls and psammoma bodies consistent with meningioma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported spinal accessory nerve meningioma in a pediatric patient. PMID: 17357007 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482407 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482406&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357008%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gosk J, Rutowski R, Reichert P, Rabczyński J The success of radiation oncology has led to longer patient survival. This provides a greater opportunity for radiation injuries of the peripheral nerves to develop. Brachial plexus neuropathy in cancer patients may result from either tumour recurrence or as a consequence of radiation therapy. Distinguishing between radiation injury and cancer disease recurrence as a cause of brachial plexus dysfunction may be difficult. In this article the most important principles of the differential diagnostics have been presented. Furthermore the aetiopathogenesis of brachial plexus neuropathy after radiotherapy has been discussed as well as main risk factors, symptoms of plexopathy and methods of treatment. It ought to be emphasized that compl... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482406 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482405&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357009%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study our own experience in treatment of lesions of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy is presented. The clinical material consisted of 6 patients aged from 40 to 64 years with injuries of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy. The analysis of the material comprised: basic disease, duration of radiotherapy, radiated fields, total dose of radiation, onset and character of symptoms, location and severity of injury. 5 women were qualified for surgical treatment. After neurolysis of the brachial plexus a significant improvement was obtained in 2 cases. In one patient remission of pain and sensory recovery was temporary. No improvement was observed in the remaining 2 patients. Lesions of the brachial plexus after radiotherapy are rare but difficult to prevent. The treatment depends... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482405 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482404&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357010%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with cranial variety of that disease. The manifestations of the disease included headaches, paresis of VI, IX, X nerves and cerebellar ataxia. The disease was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological assessment of the pachymeninx biopsy specimen. The MRI revealed significant thickening of the cranial base pachymeninx, compressing the pons and medulla oblongata. MRI examinations could be misinterpreted as extensive meningioma of the skull base. Dura mater biopsy revealed however inflammation with abundant lymphocytic infiltrations. Clinical improvement was obtained after the application of corticosteroids. We noted the subsidence of all symptoms of the disease, as well as radiological improvement, manifested through subst... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482404 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=482403&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17357011%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a case of an adult female skeleton noted to harbor both a foramen arcuale and a lateral ponticle that resulted in the formation of a canal for the vertebral artery. The literature regarding these osteological structures is reviewed regarding their presence and potential clinical significance. The simultaneous occurrence of fully developed lateral and posterior ponticuli resulting in encasement of the third part (atlantal segment) of the vertebral artery appears to be very rare. Based on the literature regarding only foramina arcuale and their presence predisposing one to symptomatic entrapment, additional compression, as seen in our specimen, of the vertebral artery by a lateral ponticle could very likely result in stenosis of the vertebral artery. PMID: 17357011 [PubMed - a... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=482403 Mon, 19 Mar 2007 23:15:03 +0100 482403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331060&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183448%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the methods that have been used to study the spatial topography of lesions. These include simple tests of whether the distribution of a lesion departs significantly from random using randomized points or sample fields, and more complex methods that employ grids or transects of contiguous fields and which can detect the intensity of aggregation and the sizes, distribution and spacing of the clusters. The usefulness of these methods in elucidating the pathogenesis of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disease is discussed. PMID: 17183448 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331060 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331059&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cakała M, Drabik J, Kaźmierczak A, Kopczuk D, Adamczyk A The mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), is a specific inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, complex II in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between inhibition of mitochondrial complex II and dopamine (DA) metabolism and its transport into rat striatal synaptosomes after exposure to 3-NP. The study was carried out using spectrophotometric, radiochemical and HPLC methods. Our data showed that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 3-NP (cumulated dose 100 mg/kg in 4 days) significantly affected DA metabolism, leading to the accumulation of its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxylphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331059 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331058&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sypecka J, Domańska-Janik K Paralytic tremor (pt), a hereditary neurological disorder of rabbits, is a recessive, X-linked point mutation in exon 2 of the plp gene, responsible for substitution of 38 His by Glu in the PLP molecule. Pt genotype is expressed in a range of phenotypes, distinguished by the severity of neurological symptoms. Variable course of the disease, from totally asymptomatic to serious disorder, is observed even within the offspring of one breeding pair. The two most typical phenotypes have been chosen for the studies: one representing mild course of the disease and the other reflecting the most severe course. Since previous developmental studies proved that myelination is not only deficient but also delayed in pt rabbits, the age groups of animals have bee... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331058 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331057&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kotulska K, Larysz-Brysz M, Marcol W, Malinowska I, Matuszek I, Grajkowska W, Lewin-Kowalik J Persisting motor function deficit after peripheral nerve injury often results from axotomized motoneuron death. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, trkB, are known to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the requirement of BDNF and trkB for adult motoneuron survival after peripheral nerve injury is not established. We studied the number of surviving and regenerating motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection in wild-type and heterozygous trkB-deficient mice. The nerve was either left cut or immediately sewed up or the gap injury model was performed. The gap was provided with an autologous or cross (obtained from other genetic group) graft. Sixteen we... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331057 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331056&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183452%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here the first Polish case of pathologically proven CBD. Our patient developed clumsiness of the right hand at age 63 years. During the course of his illness he suffered from progressive asymmetric parkinsonism unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy. Focal dystonia affecting right upper extremity, non-fluent aphasia, dysphagia, supranuclear vertical gaze palsy, imbalance and myoclonus ensued. The patient died of pneumonia at age 71 years. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of asymmetric cortical atrophy contralateral to the clinically more affected right side. Median somatosensory evoked potentials performed bilaterally demonstrated significant reduction of cortical evoked potential amplitudes recorded from the left scalp electrodes. Neuropathological examination... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331056 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331055&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewandowska E, Leszczyńska A, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Skowrońska M, Mierzewska H, Pasennik E, Członkowska A CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy) is an inherited systemic vascular disorder affecting mainly the central nervous system. We performed detailed ultrastructural examination of the small vessels in the skin and skeletal muscle of a 51-year-old patient with bilateral cerebral white matter lesions, who had a history of two ischaemic strokes. The arterioles were characterized by degeneration and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). GOM deposits, varied in size and shape, were located in the neighbourhood of the smooth muscle cells, often within an infolding of the cell membrane. No apparent correlatio... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331055 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331054&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Izycka-Swieszewska E, Szurowska E, Kloc W, Rzepko R, Dubaniewicz-Wybieralska M, Skorek A, Drozyńska E, Stempniewicz M A group of 119 cases of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumours was studied looking at the pathological composition, relative incidence of tumour types, their radiological features and the pathological-radiological correlations. Tumours with preoperative radiological diagnosis and verified pathologically were analyzed. Histopathologically the material consisted of 77 schwannomas and 42 non-acoustic tumours. Radiological retrospective evaluation of CT and/or MRI documentation was performed in 84 patients. The tumours were classified according to Koos's staging scale. Diagnostic discrepancies (histopathological vs radiological) according to the clinical stage of CP... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331054 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331053&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zaremba J, Ilkowski J, Losy J Inflammation, involving cytokine/chemokine expression, occurs after stroke and deteriorates its course with leukocyte-mediated brain infarct progression. Chemokines are cytokines attracting selective leukocyte subsets and subgrouping into the four major subfamilies, CC, CXC, C, and CX3C. The CC subfamily preferentially acts on mononuclears. The study aimed to define serum CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 levels in stroke patients and their relationship to the extent of disease severity and outcome. 27 ischaemic stroke patients and 20 controls were studied. Blood sampling for the determination of chemokines was performed at days 1, 2 and 3 of stroke, while neurological and functional deficits were estimated, respectively, with the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331053 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331052&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paprocka J, Kajor M, Jamroz E, Jezela-Stanek A, Seeman P, Marszał E Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is an autosomal dominant disease with sensory and motor nerve palsies usually precipitated by trivial trauma or compression. In the majority of cases HNPP is caused by deletion of the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene (PMP22) on chromosome 17p11.2. The authors present a family case with genetically proven HNPP. PMID: 17183456 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331052 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331051&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Emich-Widera E, Larysz D, Kluczewska E, Larysz P, Adamek D, Mandera M, Marszał E Cerebral cortical development can be divided into three steps: cellular proliferation, neuronal migration and organization. Based on known pathologic, genetic and neuroimaging features a classification for malformations of cortical development was proposed by Barkovich in 2001, and updated in 2005. Malformations of cerebral cortex development (MCCD) often demonstrate epileptic seizures and delay in psychomotor development. About 20-40% of children with epilepsy are drug-resistant and there is a large paediatric population requiring epilepsy surgery operations. In our work we performed clinical analysis of 68 children with MCCD treated in our hospital between 2000 and 2006. In our work to consider... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331051 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331050&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183458%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: There were no correlations between the type of CD and the severity of the clinical picture, especially the level of mental retardation and presence of drug-resistant epilepsy. Different age at epilepsy onset and various responsiveness to antiepileptic drugs in the majority of patients may reflect different dynamics in epileptogenicity of the underlying CD. PMID: 17183458 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331050 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331049&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Stradomska TJ, Bartkowiak Z, Galas-Zgorzalewicz B Clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging and biochemical studies were performed in five boys with childhood and adolescent form of cerebral X-ALD, which is a very rare disease in developmental age. In all patients, rapidly progressive spasticity, ataxia and mental deterioration were found. Seizures occurred in four of them. Additionally, visual and hearing impairment were observed in four and three patients respectively. Adrenal insufficiency was also diagnosed in four cases. MR revealed extensive demyelination located mainly symmetrically in the parieto-occipital areas, in one patient in whom asymmetrical lesions in that region were found. All patients had abnormal visual, brainstem and somatosenso... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331049 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=331048&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17183460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Laure-Kamionowska M, Taraszewska A, Maślińska D, Raczkowska B The object of our report is the presentation of the morphological picture of cerebellar cortex malformation as a sequel of disturbed neuronal migration. In the disarranged tissue, cavities with a network of meningeal tissue and embedded pathological vessels were noted. The external granule cells did not form a proper external granule layer, but moved deeper, forming irregular aggregates. Abnormally aggregated external granular cells invaded the cerebellar tissue. Abnormal Purkinje cell positioning and a disarranged molecular layer were observed. The normal layered pattern of the cerebellar cortex was disorganized. The presented cases represent a spectrum of morphological changes which are the consequence of aberra... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=331048 Sat, 23 Dec 2006 11:57:02 +0100 331048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236173&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039409%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Herbik MA, Chrapusta SJ, Kowalczyk A, Grieb P A colony of transgenic rats expressing the human mutant Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase gene (hSOD1G93A) that is associated with some cases of familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been maintained in the Animal House of the Polish Academy of Sciences Medical Research Centre since 2003. This transgenic model, generated by Howland et al. (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 1604-1609), has been obtained under the material transfer agreement from Wyeth Corporation. The transgenic SOD1G93A (or 'Howland') rats develop neurological and neuropathological symptoms reminiscent of human ALS, i.e. progressive loss of motoneurons leading to paralysis and death. This paper describes maintenance of the transgenic rat colony, and gener... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236173 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236172&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039410%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gadomski R, Chrapusta SJ, Wojda R, Grieb P Morphological alterations and the course of changes in motoneuron counts were studied by light microscopy (cresyl violet staining) in the L2/L3 region of the spinal cord of hemizygotic transgenic rats carrying the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant human gene for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (hSOD1G93A) and of their non-transgenic littermates. In 60-day old transgenic rats, a few ischaemic-looking alpha-motoneurons and occasional vacuolization and accumulation of tigroid in some of the cells were apparent. On day 93 of life more distinct cellular pathology was found in transgenic rats, including moderate gliosis, neuronophagy of alpha-motoneurons, and occasional neuronophagy of gamma-motoneurons. In 120-day-old transgenic r... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236172 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236171&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039411%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusions: 1) In the subclinical stage of the disease the pathological process within the CNS takes place already on the 60th day of age and its intensity increases with age. 2) Morphological changes are not limited to motor neuronal cells. Various structures of the CNS are damaged. 3) Weak astroglial reaction probably depends on pathological accumulation of ubiquitin and tau protein in cytoplasm. 4) Astroglial cells are probably also a "target" for pathogenic factors in the rat model of fALS. PMID: 17039411 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236171 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236170&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039412%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fidziańska A, Gadomski R, Rafałowska J, Chrzanowska H, Grieb P The purpose of this study was to determine structural changes which trigger the onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rats expressing a human SOD1 transgene with mutation G93A. Lumbar spinal cord of affected rats in early and late presymptomatic (PM, 60 and 93 days of age) and symptomatic (S, 120 days of age) stage of the disease were analyzed ultrastructurally. At 60 days the structure of lumbar spinal cord as well as alpha motoneurons type S and F appeared normal; however, careful examination revealed that approximately 15% of axons were filled with mitochondria that were abnormal in number, size and morphology. Grossly swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae were a prominent feature in ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236170 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236169&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039413%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was performed to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of astroglial changes concomitant with motor neuron (MN) degeneration in a model of slow excitotoxicity in vitro. The study was performed on organotypic cultures of rat lumbar spinal cord subjected to the glutamate uptake blockers threohydroxyaspartate (THA) and L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC). The chronic inhibition of glutamate transport by THA and PDC resulted in slow degeneration of the rat's MNs accompanied by distinct glial changes predominantly involving protoplasmic astrocytes. The presence of irregular vacuoles and vesicles in the astroglial cells was frequently observed. Occasionally the astrocytes exhibited proliferation and accumulation of abnormal profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236169 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236168&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039414%26dopt%3DAbstract We report here our investigations of auto-antibodies against proteins of spinal cord cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of ALS patients. The results were correlated with the severity of disease course. The subjects were 57 ALS patients (29 severe, 28 mild) and 10 normal controls. The major finding in CSF was the presence of antibodies against a 70 kD protein in the majority of ALS patients. This protein was identified as neurofilament 68. The second protein of high reactivity and frequency of appearance was a 82 kD protein, which was identified as a-actinin. Less reactive and less frequent were antibodies directed against 55 kD and 40 kD proteins. They were immunologically defined to be related to desmin and actin, resp. The difference between the reactivity of anti-neurofila... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236168 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236167&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tubbs RS, Kelly DR, Shoja MM, Khaki AA, Loukas M, Humphrey R, Chua GD, Lott R, Salter EG, Oakes WJ Some have included the ganglion of Ribes (Francois Ribes, 1765-1845), lying on the anterior communicating artery, as the most superior ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. To verify the presence of this structure, the anterior communicating artery was harvested from 40 fresh adult cadavers and histological analysis and immunochemistry performed. Grossly and with magnification, no ganglion-like structures were found in or around the anterior communicating artery in any specimen. However, scattered neuronal cell bodies were found in the adventitia of the anterior communicating artery with histological immunochemical analysis. Based on the lack of vasoactive intestinal peptid... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236167 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236166&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Szpak GM, Lewandowska E, Lechowicz W, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Kulczycki J, Bertrand E, Pasennik E, Dymecki J A study of microglial activation and its contribution to the CNS immune response was performed on the brain autopsy material of 40 patients with definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Spatial patterns of microglial activation and prion protein disease-associated (PrPd) deposition were compared in cerebellar and cerebral cortices using immunohistochemical (IHC) activation markers. Morphological phenotype forms of microglial cells in activation stages were assessed immunohistochemically (IHC). The immune inflammatory response dominated by microglia was found to be a characteristic feature in CJD. Differences in the intensity and patterns of microglial activation... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236166 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236165&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Włodarski P, Grajkowska W, Lojek M, Rainko K, Jóźwiak J Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. Its aetiology is unknown, although several signalling pathways controlling cell proliferation are thought to participate in the progress of the neoplasm. Mutations of the genes encoding proteins participating in the pathways triggered by embryonic growth factors like Sonic hedgehog (Shh) or WNT are often found in MB. Another model of MB development is overexpression or mutation of several types of growth factor receptors, including IGF-IR, EGF-R and PDGFR, that have the ability to activate cellular kinases responsible for promoting cell proliferation. In order to test this hypothesis, in the current paper we tested the activation of two kinases... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236165 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=236164&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039418%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kotulska K, Larysz-Brysz M, Marcol W, Grajkowska W, Jóźwiak S, Lewin-Kowalik J The outcome of peripheral nerve injury is often impaired by post-traumatic neuroma developing at the injury site. Neuroma is usually accompanied by neuropathic pain, which is usually resistant to most analgesics and presents a serious clinical problem. The mechanisms underlying post-traumatic neuroma remain unclear, but they are likely associated with regeneration processes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, trkB, are strongly implicated in axonal regeneration after injury. The aim of this work was to examine the role of trkB in post-traumatic neuroma formation. The sciatic nerve was transected in wild-type and heterozygous trkB-deficient mice. The nerve was either left cu... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=236164 Mon, 16 Oct 2006 02:01:02 +0100 236164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185137&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565925%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Armstrong RA Since the earliest descriptions, senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) have been regarded as the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, studies of the morphology, distribution, and molecular composition of SP and NFT have played an important role in developing theories as to the pathogenesis of AD; the most important being the 'Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (ACH)'. Nevertheless, the significance of SP and NFT to the pathogenesis of AD remains controversial. This review examines three questions: 1) is there a relationship between the lesions and the degree of clinical dementia, 2) is the pathogenesis of the NFT linked to that of the SP, and 3) what is the relationship of SP and NFT to the pathogenesis of AD? These questions a... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185137 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185136&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565926%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, it seems that the BDNF gene does not contribute significantly to the risk of AD or PD in Finnish patients. PMID: 16565926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185136 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185135&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565927%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Andrychowski J, Czernicki Z, Walski M The aim of the present study was to investigate ultrastructural features of cerebral capillaries and the pattern of new vessel formation in a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent neuropathological studies have demonstrated that patients with AD have cerebrovascular pathology. Using electron microscopy, we showed that alterations of the capillaries are a common finding both in vascular disease and in AD, suggesting that vascular factors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. We also found regionally increased capillary density, and in many sections immature endothelial cells lying on the preexisting endothelium were present in the lumen of capillaries. These cells might thus contribute to the patholo... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185135 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185134&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565928%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: (1) Enterogenous cyst often co-exists with other dysraphic features; (2) Clinical signs of an enterogenous cyst are non-typical and depend on location of the lesion. The presence of secreting gastric mucosa may lead to chemical myelitis; (3) Severity of the postoperative neurological deficit is due to the developmental nature of the lesion and common vascular supply; (4) Late results of treatment are satisfactory, provided the lesion is excised radically; (5) Enterogenous cyst may be diagnosed in the case of a tumor composed of tissues originating from 1, 2 or 3 embryonic layers coexisting with dysraphic stigmata, congenital vertebral abnormalities or a mediastinal tumor of the same type. Types II and III of enterogenous cyst were historically diagnosed as "adult teratoma". ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185134 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185133&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565929%26dopt%3DAbstract We report two cases of chordoid meningiomas in adult patients without manifestation of Castleman's syndrome. One tumour was almost totally composed of chordoma-like areas whereas the second one exhibited the unique combination of chordoma- and chondroma-like pattern. This is the first description of chordoid meningioma combined with extensive cartilaginous metaplasia. Both tumours exhibited histological evidence of infiltrative growth, accompanied by a relatively high proliferative index within structures of chordoid appearance. The designation of the chordoid component in meningioma is very important as this subtype of meningioma exhibits a more aggressive biological behaviour and higher risk of recurrence. PMID: 16565929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185133 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185132&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565930%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: a dispersed mode of infiltration by sqclc metastases to the brain causes precise detection of the macroscopic border between the metastatic tumour and the nervous tissue to be much more difficult than in sclc, which is sharply demarcated from the surroundings. The poor prognosis in sqclc metastases to the brain may, among other, depend on metastatic remnants in the form of dispersed neoplastic cells within the seemingly uninvolved nervous tissue, not removed during neurosurgical procedures. PMID: 16565930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185132 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185131&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565931%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karwacki Z, Kowiański P, Dziewiatowski J, Domaradzka-Pytel B, Ludkiewicz B, Wójcik S, Narkiewicz O, Moryś J The glial cells play an important role in pathophysiology of the intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Thus the attempt at evaluating the possible influence of the propofol on the reactivity of astro- and microglial cells in the course of ICH was performed. 50 rats were divided into two groups depending on the applied anaesthesia. All animals were generally anaesthetized with fentanyl, dehydrobenzperidol and midazolam. No additional agents were given to the animals of the control group (group I). In the experimental group (group II), the animals received additionally intraperitoneally propofol in a dose of 50 mg/kg every thirty minutes. ICH was produced through infusion of... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185131 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185130&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565932%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zaremba J, Losy J Cytokines are important mediators of stroke-induced immunological/inflammatory reaction which contributes to brain infarct progression as well as to the disease severity and outcome. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of the proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in serum of acute ischemic stroke patients, and to investigate the relation between these levels and demographic, laboratory, neuroimaging, and clinical data. The study comprised 23 first-ever ischemic stroke patients and 15 age- and sex-matched controls. Blood sampling for the determination of IL-12 and such peripheral markers of inflammation as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and leukocyte count, together with cranial CT were performed within 24 h of ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185130 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185129&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565933%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: An appropriate regulation of the Th /T helper/ cells seems to be critical in the control and prevention of diverse states of the disease. In the course of an acute process, gadolinium positive imaging as well as immunological events, represented by mononuclear subsets in the peripheral blood may proceed and change very quickly, whereas gadolinium negative findings reflecting a stabilization of processes, are changing more slowly and therefore may be detected more easily in peripheral blood cell counts. PMID: 16565933 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185129 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185128&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565934%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a seven-year-old patient who developed a cerebral form of toxocarosis. She demonstrated focal neurological symptoms (epilepsy) confirmed by neuro-imaging and histopathological examinations. A positive test for toxocarosis essentially completed the other outcomes. On the basis of the clinical picture and the conducted tests a diagnosis of a cerebral form of toxocarosis was established. Mebendazole was applied in treatment. PMID: 16565934 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185128 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185127&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16565935%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 16565935 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185127 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185126&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bradley R, Collee JG, Liberski PP From 1986 more than 184,000 cattle in the UK and islands (of which >1,880 have been detected by active surveillance using rapid tests) and approaching 5,500 elsewhere have been confirmed with BSE. The original 1988 ban on the use of ruminant-derived protein in ruminant feed has been upgraded and now prohibits the use of any processed animal protein in feed for any farmed food animal. As a result of rigorous enforcement this reinforced ban is now regarded as fully effective from 1 Aug. 1996. Reasons are given for the substantial slippage that occurred initially and for the small but diminishing number of cases that have occurred in cattle born after 1 Aug. 1996. The 1989 offal ban, initially introduced to protect public health, has likewise ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185126 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185125&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Collee JG, Bradley R, Liberski PP Up until February 2006, variant CJD (vCJD), the human disease associated with transmission of BSE from cattle, has been confirmed in 160 patients resident in the UK and 28 elsewhere, some of whom have never visited the UK. Cases have been reported in France (16 cases), Ireland (3), USA (2), Canada, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Portugal, Saudi Arabia and Spain (1 each). The presumed main period of hazard for ingestion of the BSE agent in bovine products in the UK is 1984-89, or perhaps up to 1995-6 but at a reduced level. Debated incubation periods for vCJD are discussed, with special reference to the wide, but currently reducing, range of predicted further primary cases in the UK. The primary disease seems to be preferentially acquired by, a... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185125 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185124&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823693%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we present results of investigations of progesterone and estrogen receptors in most frequent, WHO grade I histological types of meningiomas (meningothelial, fibrous, and transitional) and in atypical--WHO grade II variant of these tumors. Samples from 64 tumors were examined. The cohort consisted of 46 WHO grade I (21 transitional, 13 fibrous and 12 meningothelial histologic variants) and of 18 atypical meningiomas. Apart from immunohistochemical examination of progesterone and estrogen receptors, MIB 1 labeling index was estimated. Positive immunoreaction for progesterone receptors was found in 100% meningothelial, 95% transitional, 46% fibrous and 78% atypical variant of meningiomas. Intensity of immunoreaction was stronger in grade I than in grade II tumors. Immunoexpressi... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185124 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185123&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823694%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The analysis of the lipid CH2/CH3 ratio may be useful in differentiation of the tumor recurrence from radiation response. The Lip signals observed in normally appearing brain tissue after radiotherapy could originate from the change of metabolism of irradiated cells. PMID: 16823694 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185123 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185122&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823695%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to determine the effect of zinc chelating agent--TPEN on neuronal morphological changes in organotypic hippocampal culture and its effect on post-anoxic changes in this model. The study evidenced that exposition to 15 microM of TPEN induced various stages of apoptotic changes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and enhanced the anoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis in this model. These results confirmed the hypothesis that manipulations of intracellular pool of zinc by zinc-chelating agents may be a cause of both induction and prevention of apoptotic cell death in various pathological conditions. PMID: 16823695 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185122 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185121&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823696%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results show a temporal pattern of changes in calpain proteolytic activity and protein expression in the applied model of brain ischaemia caused by cardiac arrest and reperfusion. In these conditions calpain-mediated degradation of cytoskeleton may be involved in the disturbances in synaptic vesicles transport and hence to the changes in neurotransmission. PMID: 16823696 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185121 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185120&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823697%26dopt%3DAbstract This report illustrates a case of peripheral nerve vasculitis associated with elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. A 49-year-old female with a history of seven spontaneous abortions initially complained of pain and numbness in her right calf that later spread to the left foot and ankle. Over the next few months, she developed a Raynaud phenomenon and livedo reticularis. Clinical examination revealed signs of multiple mononeuropathy. Right sural nerve biopsy performed two months after the beginning of the disease revealed active necrotizing arteritis of the epineural arteries with transmural inflammatory infiltrate and thrombosis. Vasculitis is a rare finding in sural nerve biopsies, usually in patients with systemic vasculitis or autoimmune connective tissue diseases. However, vasculitis r... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185120 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185119&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16823698%26dopt%3DAbstract We present three sisters, 18, 11 and 8 years old, with the early to late childhood phenotype. The first signs of the disease were gait disturbances at 4, 2 and 6 years of age, respectively. Neurological examination showed mild tremor of hands and head, truncal ataxia, dysarthria, and hypotonia, after several years followed by spasticity. The course of the disease was slowly progressive. Intellectual abilities are relatively spared. The MRI showed diffusely abnormal white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. The FLAIR images revealed rarefaction of the affected white matter with some stripe-like structures, suggesting the presence of remaining tissue strands. The abnormalities were most pronounced with the middle sister, who had the earliest onset of the disease. A homozygous point mutation ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185119 Mon, 11 Sep 2006 14:12:05 +0100 185119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=454210&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17039416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Szpak GM, Lewandowska E, Lechowicz W, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Kulczycki J, Bertrand E, Pasennik E, Dymecki J A study of microglial activation and its contribution to the CNS immune response was performed on the brain autopsy material of 40 patients with definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Spatial patterns of microglial activation and prion protein disease-associated (PrPd) deposition were compared in cerebellar and cerebral cortices using immunohistochemical (IHC) activation markers. Morphological phenotype forms of microglial cells in activation stages were assessed immunohistochemically (IHC). The immune inflammatory response dominated by microglia was found to be a characteristic feature in CJD. Differences in the intensity and patterns of microglial activation... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=454210 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 454210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185178&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827884%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that image analysis provides an accurate and reproducible method of quantifying axons in the optic nerve. In addition, the data suggest that axons are lost throughout the optic nerve with a specific loss of the smaller-sized axons. Loss of the smaller axons may explain the deficits in color vision observed in a significant proportion of patients with AD. PMID: 15827884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185178 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185177&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827885%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matyja E, Nagańska E, Taraszewska A, Rafałowska J The defective glial and/or neuronal glutamate transport may, in chronic neurotoxicity, contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)--a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of lower and upper motor neurons (MNs). To determine the detailed ultrastructural characteristics of excitotoxic motor neurons neurodegeneration we used a model of slow excitotoxicity in vitro based on selective inhibition of glutamate uptake. The study was performed on organotypic cultures of the rat lumbar spinal cord subjected to various concentrations of glutamate uptake blockers: threohydroxyaspartate (THA) and L-trans-pyrrolidine-2, 4-dicarboxylate (PDC). The chronic inhibition of glutamate transport... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185177 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185176&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827886%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: 1. The antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnant rabbits results in serological markers of the syndrome in their offspring. 2. The central nervous system of fetuses delivered from pregnant rabbits with the antiphospholipid syndrome remains intact despite the serological markers of the syndrome in fetus circulation. 3. The miscarriages in pregnant rabbits with the antiphospholipid syndrome depend rather on placental pathology related to the syndrome than on the syndrome per se transmitted from adult females to fetal circulation. PMID: 15827886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185176 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185175&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827887%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined the expression of proteins related to programmed cell death in hippocampal neurons in vitro, exposed to pure anoxia or pretreated with apoptosis modulating agents: zinc and zinc chelator - TPEN. The results evidenced the noticeable differences in the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in particular experiments. In the cultures exposed to pure anoxia, a significant increase of p53 and BAX immunoreactivity, associated with the decreased level of BCL-2 and BCL-X immunopositive cells was observed, related to the activation of apoptotic process. Hippocampal cultures pretreated with ZnCl2 before anoxia showed decreased immunoreactivity for p53 and BAX, connected with BCL-2 overexpression, whereas the cultures exposed to zinc chelating agent - TPEN or TPEN connected with a... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185175 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185174&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827888%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Góra-Kupilas K, Jośko J The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known mainly as the potent angiogenic and vascular permeability-enhancing factor. Both processes are very effective in hypoxia. The latest studies show that VEGF has neurotrophic and neuroprotective as well as angiogenic properties. It exerts neuroprotective actions directly through the inhibition of programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis and the stimulation of neurogenesis. VEGF is also a mediator of multiple processes including angiogenesis, enhancing blood brain barrier permeability for glucose, antioxidants activation, which indirectly result in neuroprotection. VEGF prevents neurons from death under critical conditions such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation through binding to the specific receptor... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185174 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185173&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827889%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report we described a case of a cerebral abscess that developed in presence of asymptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) in a 53-year-old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The brain abscess was aspirated with good clinical result and the arteriovenous fistulae qualified for transcatheter embolotherapy. Each patient suspected to suffer from HHT should be diagnosed for the presence of visceral vascular malformations. Most of them are found in the lungs, liver and brain. Early diagnosis and treatment of PAVM prevent the occurrence of severe neurological complications such as brain stroke or brain abscess. Cases of a cerebral abscess in adults of unexplained etiology should raise the suspicion of an asymptomatic PAVM. PMID: 15827889 [PubMed - ... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185173 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185172&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D15827890%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a case of a 40-year-old patient, hospitalized three times in our department because of recurrent ischemic strokes. Diagnostic tests revealed a high titre of anticardiolipin antibodies and the early stage of HIV infection. Recurrent ischemic strokes were the first manifestation of HIV infection in this patient. PMID: 15827890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185172 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185171&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dziewulska D, Rafałowska J Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by accumulation of "toxic", pathologic proteins in brain cells. Mutations in genes coding these proteins result in conformational disturbances of the protein structure and their accumulation and aggregation manifesting at the level of light microscope as various intracellular inclusions. This paper is an attempt of approach cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders with special attention to mechanisms of protein elimination. PMID: 16012906 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185171 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185170&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kochański A Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disorders are the extremely heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system in humans with a prevalence of 1: 2500. Up to date mutations in 30 genes have been reported in various CMT forms. In numerous CMT types only locus is known and some CMT forms were shown not to be linked with any known locus. Genetic studies in CMT disorders cover a wide spectrum of problems ranging from identification of novel mutations through studies of pathogenic nature of mutations to genotype-phenotype correlations. The aim of this study was to present the main directions of genetic analysis performed in Polish families with CMT disease. PMID: 16012907 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185170 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185169&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012908%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tomik B, Adamek D, Pierzchalski P, Banares S, Duda A, Partyka D, Pawlik W, Kałuza J, Krajewski S, Szczudlik A The role that apoptosis plays in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still unclear. From our autopsy samples, we have undertaken an effort to verify if apoptosis in ALS really occurs or if can at least be detected. The study was performed using TUNEL method for screening the apoptotic changes in the autopsy samples from 8 ALS cases compared with 16 control cases. No features of apoptosis (DNA cleavages) were noted in any of the investigated regions of the central nervous system in ALS cases as well as in controls. These preliminary results seem to support the reports, which deny the role of apoptosis in human ALS. The following investigations us... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185169 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185168&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012909%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Lewandowska E, Lechowicz W, Stepień T, Pasennik E Under pathological conditions, microglial cells undergo activation, which is manifested by the expression of histocompatibility locus antigens class II (HLA II) on their surface as well as by proliferation and varied morphological forms. In schizophrenia, characterised by an essential role played by immunological mechanisms, quantitative analysis of activated microglia -- with well-developed ramification (RM), degenerative traits and damaged processes (from their shortening to their complete lack) (DM) -- may contribute to better understanding of schizophrenia etiopathogenesis. Quantitative analysis was performed on slices derived from the frontal and temporal lobes of 9 brains of schizophrenics and 6 cont... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185168 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185167&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012910%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Floriańczyk B, Osuchowski J, Kaczmarczyk R, Starosławska E, Trojanowski T Metallothioneins (MT) are common proteins in animal tissues. These proteins take part in the homeostasis of the ions of the metals which are necessary for the proper metabolism of the organism (zinc, copper), biosynthesis regulation and zincprotein activity (for example the activity of the zinc-dependant transcription factors) and they also take part in the detoxication of the tissue from toxic metals. Apart from these, they also protect the tissue from reactive oxygen species, radiation, electrophilic pharmacological agents used in the cancer therapy and the mutagens. The aim of this work was to obtain cellular sub-fractions of brain tumors and to separate these proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide gel elec... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185167 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185166&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012911%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Losy J, Zaremba J, Skrobański P The inflammation accompanies and exacerbates cerebral ischaemia. The infiltrated leucocytes are thought to contribute to tissue injury in stroke patients. GRO-alpha (CXCL1) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant which may play an important role in pathophysiology of stroke. 23 ischaemic stroke patients and 15 controls have been studied. CSF and blood sampling together with cranial CT were performed within first 24 hours of stroke. CXCL1 levels were determined by ELISA, and volume of stroke-related brain CT hypodense areas was calculated. Stroke patients displayed significantly higher CSF CXCL1 level than controls (65.6+/-22.3 vs 43.8+/-2.3 pg/ml; p<0.01). Serum CXCL1 levels in stroke patients did not differ from controls. CSF CXCL1 level cor... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185166 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185165&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012912%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kapelusiak-Pielok M, Adamczewska-Goncarzewicz Z, Dorszewska J, Grochowalska A Hypoxia and ischemia acting on the brain cause alterations of the level of lipids and sterols. Famile 3.0-3.5-month-old rats were used for the experiment. They were given alpha-tocopherol in the dose of 11.43 mg/kg of body weight through seven days, then underwent hypoxia (7% of oxygen in the breathing mixture) and myelin was isolated in four times after experiment: 4, 24 hours, 14 days and 2 months after experiment. Three lipids groups were isolated that are neutral lipids, galactolipids and phospholipids. They were quantitatively analyzed with spectrophotocolorimetry. The obtained results indicate that vitamin E administration to animals does not cause significant changes of brain lipids levels. Ho... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185165 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185164&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012913%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines do not play a key role in the development of delayed neurodegeneration after cardiac arrest. Thus it is not so much the immunological reaction, but a neuroexcitatory mechanism that plays a decisive role in the delayed neuronal death. PMID: 16012913 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185164 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185163&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012914%26dopt%3DAbstract We present an autopsy case study of anti-Hu paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory-motor neuropathy, which confirms an inflammatory paraneoplastic destruction of sensory neuron cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, as a cause of clinically rapidly progressive peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy. PMID: 16012914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185163 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185162&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16012915%26dopt%3DAbstract We present the case of a 46-year-old female with a lumbar spine paraganglioma. The patient complained of a right-sided lumboischialgia. Preoperative MRI revealed an intradural tumour at the vertebra L3 level, located in the midline, 7 mm in diameter. The tumour was totally removed by laminectomy. Histopathological examination showed nests of chief cells (zellballen), surrounded by reticulin fibres. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive reaction for chromogranin A, neuronal specific protein, synaptophysin and cytokeratin in the chief cells. The sustentacular cells displayed immunopositivity for S-100 protein, single cells were also positive for GFAP. We found no proliferative activity in the tumour cells (Ki-67 index = 0%). In the two years follow-up the patient remains without clinical or... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185162 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185161&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245205%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zawrocki A, Biernat W We compiled the current state of knowledge about the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain tumours and has an unfavourable prognosis despite aggressive treatment. These factors stimulate new research trials and a recent area of interest of neuro-oncologists is EGFR. This molecule is frequently altered in glioblastoma and constitutes the potential target for therapy. We decided to review the literature on biological structure of that molecule, its biological activity and the role in GBL with potential targeting it in the future neuro-oncological practice. PMID: 16245205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185161 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185160&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245206%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: There was little evidence that SP and NFT were spatially associated except in brain areas with high densities of lesions. The data support the hypothesis that SP and NFT are distributed relatively independently in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and therefore, could be distinct phenomena in AD. PMID: 16245206 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Folia Neuropathologica) Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185160 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185159&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245207%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the effect of Abeta 25-35 (25 microM) and non-Abeta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC, 10 microM) on mChR-dependent signaling to PARP-1 was determined. PARP-1 activity was estimated radiochemically using egzogenous substrate adenine[14C]NAD. The results showed that the non hydrolysable agonist of mChR, carbachol (1 mM) together with GTP(g)S (100 microM) stimulated PARP-1 activity in the hippocampus by about 100%. TMB-8, inhibitor of IP3 receptor decreased PARP-1 activation evoked by carbachol/GTP(g)S. Stimulation of mChR did not lead to free radicals generation but activate PARP-1 through IP3/Ca2+ regulated processes. This cholinergic receptor dependent PARP-1 activation was abolished by Abeta and NAC peptide. These toxic peptides themselves significantly stimulat... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185159 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185158&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245208%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the intra-surgical view and the applied microsurgical techniques were analysed. The clinical material consisted of 49 children with the obstetric brachial plexus palsy treated operatively, on which the following changes were found intra-surgically: compression of the brachial plexus in 21 cases and injuries with discontinuity of the elements of the brachial plexus in 28 cases. The following surgical procedures were performed: neurolysis - 31 cases, direct neurorrhaphy - 7 cases, 2 - 4 sural nerve grafting from 2 to 3 cm - 4 cases, extra-anatomical extra-plexual reconstruction - 6 cases, extra-anatomical intra-plexual reconstruction - 1 case. In all cases the intra-surgical view motivated the operative intervention. The most important problem in treatment of the obstetric brac... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185158 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185157&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245209%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, results of the surgical treatment of the lower extremity nerve injuries have been presented. The clinical material consisted of 270 patients (192 males, 78 females aged from 3 months to 74 years) with injuries of the common peroneal nerve - 125, sciatic nerve - 93, common peroneal and tibial nerve - 21, tibial nerve - 17, femoral nerve - 10, others - 4. The following surgical procedures were performed: external neurolysis - 164, internal neurolysis - 27, reconstruction with sural nerve grafting - 63, direct neurorrhaphy - 12, neurotisation - 3, supplementary tenomioplasty - 23. Evaluation of the results with the use of BMRC scale (M0-M5) and Highet scale (S0-S4) included the group of 120 patients. After the surgical treatment a significant improvement was found in 63.3%. The... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185157 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185156&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245210%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Losy J, Michałowska-Wender G, Kurdyńska A, Wender M The MCP-1 and RANTES levels were measured in 20 multiple sclerosis patients before and after 1 year daily treatment with 20 mg of subcutaneously applied glatiramer acetate. The level of MCP-1 in serum from multiple sclerosis patients was lower than in control subjects. After one year of therapy with glatiramer acetate, the level of MCP-1 was almost identical with that at the starting point. The concentration of RANTES in MS, both before and after therapy, did not differ from the control subjects. The results emphasise the marked difference between the influence of glatiramer acetate and IFNbeta-1a on the expression of the studied cytokine. Glatiramer acetate therapy in multiple sclerosis is not so much an effective as a pro... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185156 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185155&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245211%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the effect of PARP inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on intracellular organelles alteration. Gerbils were submitted to 3 and 10 min transient global ischemia followed by recirculation and survival for 1 till 7 days. The histological and electron microscopic examination indicated a pronounced protective effect of 3-AB on the swelling of astrocytes and neurons 1 day after 3 and 10 min ischemic insult. It decreased also the swelling of pericytes. 3-AB decreases evoked by ischemia swelling of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. The significant ameliorating effect of 3-AB was also observed on the 7th day of reperfusion after 3 min ischemia and was also visible on the 1st day after 10 min ischemia. However, 7 days after prolonged 10 min ischemia almost all neurons in... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185155 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=185154&cid=s_33494_32_f&fid=33494&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D16245212%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sobaniec-Łotowska ME, Lotowska JM The current study focuses on the morphogenesis of changes in the cerebellum dentate nucleus in the course of experimental valproate encephalopathy. Valproate - a broad spectrum antiepileptic and antipsychotic drug - chronically used in rats, intragastrically, once daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg b. w. for 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, induced pronounced ultrastructural changes in the population of glial cells and nerve cells of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum in the last two phases of the experiment. Astrocytic and neuronal lesions coexisted with a considerable damage to the elements of the blood-brain barrier of the cerebellar structure examined. The changes affected mainly the population of protoplasmic astrocytes lying loosely in a neuropil... Folia Neuropathologica journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=185154 Sat, 01 Jan 2005 07:00:00 +0100 185154