MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Food and Chemical Toxicology' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 01:30:20 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620987&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22248864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marini AM, Blondeau N, Dodman N PMID: 22248864 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620987 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5620986&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22261462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cano-Sancho G, Marín S, Ramos AJ, Sanchis V Abstract HT-2 toxin (HT2) and T-2 toxin (T2) are mycotoxins produced in several cereals by species of Fusarium. The aim of the present study was to assess the exposure of Catalonian population to the combined mycotoxins T2 and HT2. Three different approaches were considered to handle the left censored data: (1) a substitution method, (2) a parametric method using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and (3) a non-parametric method using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator. Raw contamination data was provided by a large survey conducted in this region, in addition to the raw consumption data from a nutritional study specifically designed to assess the dietary intake of the main foodstuffs related to T2 and HT2 contamination for al... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5620986 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5620986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599316&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245664%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Henneke D, King S, Day WE, Evans P PMID: 22245664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599316 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599320&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245079%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated that physalin B exhibits cytotoxicity towards v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-mutated melanoma A375 and A2058 cells (the IC(50) values are lower than 4.6μg/ml). Cytotoxicity is likely resulted from apoptosis since the apoptotic marker phosphatidylserine are detected immediately under physalin B treatment and apoptotic cells formation. Further examination revealed that physalin B induces expression of the proapoptotic protein NOXA within 2h and later triggers the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in A375 cells. These results indicate that physalin B can induce apoptosis of melanoma cancer cells via the NOXA, caspase-3, and mitochondria-mediated pathways, but not of human skin fibroblast cells and myoblastic cells. Thus, physalin B has the potenti... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599320 Sun, 08 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599318&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245378%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Agrawal M, Pardasani D, Lakshmana Rao PV Abstract T-2 toxin is the type-A trichothecene and a common contaminant of food and cereals, produced by Fusarium species. T-2 toxin easily penetrates skin due to its lipophilic nature and causes skin irritation and blisters in humans. Physical protection of the skin and airway is the only proven effective method of protection. To date, no chemical antidotes are available to prevent T-2 induced lethality. In the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of 20% N,N'-dichloro-bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) urea (CC-2) formulation against lethal topical exposure dose of T-2 toxin in mice. None of the animals exposed to only T-2 toxin at lethal dose of 2 and 4 LD50 (11.8 and 23.76mg/kg body weight) survived beyond 36 and 16h, resp... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599318 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599369&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240413%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sirot V, Hommet F, Tard A, Leblanc JC Abstract Acrylamide is a heat-induced carcinogen compound that is found in some foods consequently to cooking or other thermal processes. In the second French Total Diet Study (TDS), acrylamide was analysed in 192 food samples collected in mainland France to be representative of the population diet and prepared "as consumed". Highest mean concentrations were found in potato chips/crisps (954μg/kg), French fries and other fried potatoes (724μg/kg), and salted biscuits other than potato chips (697μg/kg). Exposure of general adult and child populations was assessed by combining analytical results with national consumption data. Mean acrylamide exposure was assessed to be 0.43±0.33μg/kg of body weight (bw) per day for adults and 0.69Â... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599369 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599365&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240414%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moreno LE, Juárez AO, Pelzer LE Abstract The dehydroleucodine is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser which is used in popular medicine. Toxicity tests using embryos of amphibian have been widely used in order to predict toxic effects of different compounds. However, to our knowledge, there are not studies focussed on the toxic effects of dehydroleucodine on Bufo arenarum, which is an anuran widely distributed in South America. The effect of dehydroleucodine on the survival of embryos was evaluated in an acute test during the early life stage of B. arenarum embryos. Lethality and the degree of adverse effects were dehydroleucodine dose-dependent. Overall, amphibian early life stages appeared to be more susceptible to the embryotoxicity associ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599365 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599358&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240415%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sand S, Becker W Abstract The median dietary cadmium exposure for adults in Sweden is around 1μg/kg/week and the upper 95th and 99th percentiles are 1.6-1.8 and 1.9-2.2μg/kg/week, respectively. Potatoes and wheat flour were the most important food categories, contributing with 40-50% to the exposure. Differences in dietary patterns between high and low exposed individuals were observed; for high exposed individuals, seafood and spinach contributed with an exposure similar to that low exposed individuals received from potatoes and wheat flour. Consequences of differences in methodology used for exposure assessment are discussed. The median exposure is a factor 2 lower compared to that estimated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). It is also a factor 1.4 lower co... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599358 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599351&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240416%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matović V, Buha A, Bulat Z, Dukić-Ćosić D, Miljković M, IvaniÅ¡ević J, Kotur-Stevuljević J Abstract The study was designed to evaluate and compare the effects of single oral (or) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) cadmium (Cd) administration on parameters of oxidative stress in liver of rats. Furthermore, investigation on protective effects of magnesium (Mg) or and i.p. pretreatment on the same parameters was performed. Wistar rats were administrated oral dose of Cd (30mg Cd/kg b.w.)/Cd+Mg (30mg Cd/kg b.w., 50mg Mg/kg b.w.) or i.p. dose of Cd (1.5mg Cd/kg b.w.)/Cd+Mg (1.5mg Cd/kg b.w., 3mg Mg/kg b.w.) and sacrificed after 24h. In liver homogenates superoxide anion, malondialdehyde, non-protein sulfhydryl groups, total sulfhydryl groups content, and superoxide dismutase acti... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599351 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5599319&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245377%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ruff KJ, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Szabo JR, Schauss AG Abstract Natural Eggshell Membrane (NEM®) is a novel dietary ingredient that contains naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and proteins essential for maintaining healthy joint and connective tissues. NEM® was evaluated for safety via in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. This included testing for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity. NEM® did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects at a dose of 100μg in an in vitro human cell viability assay after incubation for up to 20h. NEM® did not exhibit any genotoxic effects in an in vitro assay of four strains of histidine-dependent Salmonella typhimurium and one strain of tryptophan-dependent Escherichia coli at a dose of... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5599319 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5599319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578036&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227338%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SH, Min KH, Han JS, Lee DH, Park DB, Jung WK, Park PJ, Jeon BT, Kim SK, Jeon YJ Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in alternative therapies of marine algae for diabetes. Therefore, the anti-diabetic effects of brown alga, Ecklonia cava was investigated in type 2 diabetic animal. Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice were divided into control, dieckol rich extract of E. cava (AG-dieckol), or rosiglitazone (RG) groups. The blood glucose, blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in the AG-dieckol and RG groups than in the control db/db mice group, while glucose tolerance was significantly improved in the AG-dieckol group. AG-dieckol markedly lowered plasma and hepatic lipids concentration compared to the contro... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578036 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578045&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marrelli M, Menichini F, Statti GA, Bonesi M, Duez P, Menichini F, Conforti F Abstract Fruits of Ficus carica cultivar Dottato from Italy were examined to assess how the stage of ripeness influences their chemical composition, antioxidant activity, pancreatic lipase inhibition and antiproliferative properties on C32 melanoma cells. First harvested fruits (June) showed a major content in furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins whereas the fruits collected in September showed the highest polyphenolic content (11.9mg/g of dried material). The total 70% ethanol extracts were portioned between methanol/water and n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, successively. Coumarins and fatty acid esters were the most abundant components of the n-hexane fractions. The dichloromethane ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578045 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578041&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226943%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, Cordyceps and taurine either alone or in combination have less potent hypoglycemic effects than glibenclamide; however, they have more ability to reduce insulin resistance and stronger antioxidant properties. PMID: 22226943 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578041 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578040&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227215%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miri R, Saadati H, Ardi P, Firuzi O Abstract Oxidative stress may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. The association of mild forms of hyperlipidemia, particularly primary hypertriglyceridemia, with oxidative stress has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers associated with three major types of mild untreated hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and combined hyperlipidemia) in nonsmoker and smoker individuals. Five biomarkers were measured in 139 adult healthy men (83 nonsmokers and 56 smokers, ages 18-75), which included normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects. Triglyceride levels were associated with a significant main effect on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578040 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578039&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227216%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of Lonicera japonica THUNB. extract (LJ) on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that LJ significantly increased cell viability decrease, lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH), morphological changes, nuclear condensation, fragmentation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells. The cytoprotection afforded by pretreatment with LJ was associated with increases of the glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase (CAT) activity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, LJ strikingly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions including reduction of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and activation of cleaved poly-ADP... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578039 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578038&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cunha SC, Fernandes JO Abstract The determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolites such as deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in human urine is complicated due its low levels (ng/mL) and the complexity of the matrix. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was optimized and validated for the confirmation analysis of DON and its metabolites in urine samples using (13)C isotopic-labeled DON as internal standard. In the sample preparation the type and amount of β-glucuronidase for enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated as well as the cleanup procedure, being compared the immunoaffinity column with solid-phase extraction (SPE). As far as we know, SPE C18 cleanup procedure was applied for the first time in the analysis of DON and its metabolites in human urine. Usi... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578038 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578037&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227218%26dopt%3DAbstract This study evaluates the IgE-binding properties of biologically active and thermally inactivated actinidin. Employing two different activity assays (caseinolytic assay and zymogram with gelatin) we showed that actinidin obtained from kiwifruit extract under native conditions represents a mixture of inactive and active enzyme. The structural integrity of actinidin was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Edman degradation, mass fingerprint and Western blot with polyclonal antibodies. Although it was capable of inducing positive skin prick test reactions, we failed to detect IgE reactivity of active actinidin in Western blot with patient sera. Thermally inactivated actinidin exhibited IgE reactivity both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that heat processed kiwifruit products may induce clinical reactivity... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578037 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578042&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222932%26dopt%3DAbstract This study showed for the first time the effect of triterpenoids from L. macrophylla leaves on trophoblasts-like cells and indicates a potential toxic effect of this plant in the placental development and fetal growth. PMID: 22222932 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578042 Sat, 24 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578046&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hsieh TJ, Tsai YH, Liao MC, Du YC, Lien PJ, Sun CC, Chang FR, Wu YC Abstract Toona sinensis Roem (T. sinensis) leaves have been used as a nutritious vegetable and been suggested for medical applications; however, the reported bioactive compounds of T. sinensis leaves are, so far, from high to mid-high polar extracts. Our aims in this study were to reveal the non-polar constituents of the T. sinensis leave extract that were prepared by a method of using a supercritical-CO(2) fluid and to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of this extract. Through a GC/MS analysis, we revealed 24 major components of the non-polar T. sinensis leave extract, the most abundant of which was phytol. The non-polar T. sinensis leave extract showed to prevent the progression of diabetes and hep... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578046 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578044&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222930%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dänicke S, Brosig B, Klunker LR, Kahlert S, Kluess J, Döll S, Valenta H, Rothkötter HJ Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a control diet (CON) or a Fusarium toxin contaminated diet (FUS) with and without HS (CON-HS and FUS-HS, respectively) on pigs during a 10-week growth trial starting at 35.1±3.2kg live weight (n=12/group). Moreover, 2 additional choice feeding groups were included to test the ability of the pigs to differentiate between the CON and FUS diet. Feeding the FUS diets (∼3mg DON/kg) did not depress feed intake irrespective of HS addition. However, the pigs of the choice feeding groups recognised the FUS diets and acquired an ability to avoid these diets. DON residues were detected exclusively in the blood of pigs exposed to the... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578044 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578043&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222931%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the genotoxic effects of patulin in multiple organs (brain, kidney, liver and urinary bladder) of mice using an in vivo comet assay. We assessed the mechanism underlying this genotoxicity by measuring the GSH content and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) level. Male CF-1 mice were given 1.0-3.75mg/kg patulin intraperitoneally. The effect of patulin was dose-dependent and the highest patulin dose induced DNA strand breaks in the brain (damage index, DI, in hippocampus increased from 36.2 in control animals to 127.5), liver (44.3-138.4) and kidneys (31.5-99); decreased levels of GSH (hippocampus - from 46.9 to 18.4nmol/mg protein); and an increase in lipid peroxidation (hippocampus - from 5.8 to 20.3 MDA equivalents/mg protein). This finding establishes... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578043 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578049&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210228%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, AE induces apoptosis in HK-2 cells, and the ER stress is involved in AE-induced apoptosis in vitro. The implications of the toxic effects of AE for clinical use are unclear and these findings should be taken into account in the risk assessment for human exposure. PMID: 22210228 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578049 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578048&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thiyagarajan P, Senthil Murugan R, Kavitha K, Anitha P, Prathiba D, Nagini S Abstract Chlorophyllin, a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the ubiquitous green pigment chlorophyll is shown to exert potent anticarcinogenic effects. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of chlorophyllin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis by analyzing the expression of NF-κB family members and markers of intrinsic apoptosis. Dietary administration of chlorophyllin (4mg/kg bw) suppressed the development of HBP carcinomas by inhibiting the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway by downregulating IKKβ, preventing the phosphorylation of IκB-α, and reducing the expression of nuclear NF-κB. Inactivation of ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578048 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578047&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210353%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, DNE inhibited the invasion of oral cancer cells and may have potential use as a chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis. PMID: 22210353 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578047 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5578047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549486&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198063%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: de Queiroz GT, Santos TR, Macedo R, Peters VM, Leite MN, da Silveira E Sá RD, Guerra MD Abstract Morus nigra L. is a plant employed as a substitute for the conventional hormonal replacement therapy. This work analyzes the estrogenic effect of M. nigra on the reproductive system and embryonic development of Wistar rats. Female rats were orally treated with M. nigra hydroalcoholic extract (MnHE) at the dose levels of 25, 50, 75, 350 and 700mg/kg of body weight over 15days, and continued through mating until the 14th day of gestation. Vaginal smears were performed daily and the body weight of the females was recorded at 5days intervals. On day 15 of gestation, the females were killed and their kidneys, liver, spleen and ovaries were removed and weighed. The number of implant... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549486 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549485&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198064%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Radomski MW, Wozniak M Abstract Fluoride intoxication and dexamethasone treatment produce deleterious effects in bone and brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) and dexamethasone (Dex) co-exposure on oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 and hippocampal HT22 cell lines. Co-exposure to F and Dex resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, induction of apoptosis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) following 72h of incubation. Fluoride-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 and HT22 cells was attenuated by catalase and L-NNMA, indicating a role for H(2)O(2) and NO as mediators of cytotoxicity. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis was associated wit... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549485 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549480&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198609%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu Y, Li DM, Han XD Abstract Nonylphenol (NP) and Monobutyl phthalate (MBP) are two environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) which are widespread occurrence in our life. In present study, our purpose is to analyze style of combined effects of NP and MBP on rat testicular Sertoli cell in vitro using two mathematical models based on the Loewe additivity (LA) theory and the Bliss independence (BI) theory. Sertoli cells were administrated by NP (range 0.01-50μM) and MBP (range 10-20000μM) in single and combined forms. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate were employed as endpoints. Using the two models, a significant antagonist effect was observed both in the viability assay and in the LDH assay (at concentrations provoked LDH leakage rate >20%), b... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549480 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549478&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22200590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belcavello L, Vencioneck Dutra JC, de Freitas JV, Aranha IP, Batitucci MD Abstract Ipriflavone (7-isopropoxy-isoflavone) is a semisynthetic isoflavone derivative from daidzein and prescribed to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In the present study, ipriflavone was investigated with regard to their cytotoxic and mutagenic effects using the micronucleus assay (MN) in vivo on cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood of Swiss albino mice and the micronucleus test with the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN assay) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The studies were performed in mice with three dosages of the drug, 1.71, 8.57 and 42.85mg/kgbw in single oral exposure, and for two dosages, 5 and 10μg/mL in the CBMN assay. Ipriflavone, in the ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549478 Sat, 17 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549484&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198605%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhu Y, Hu C, Li X, Shao B, Sun H, Zhao H, Li Y Abstract Aluminum (Al) has increasingly been used in the daily life, and could cause the change of human health because it can accumulate in the organs. A rat model was thus used to examine potential effect of Al on the immune function. Forty male Wistar rats (5weeks old) weighed 110-120g were randomly allocated into four groups and were orally exposed to 0, 64.18, 128.36, and 256.72mg/kg body weight aluminum trichloride (AlCl(3)) in drinking water for 120days. The levels of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocyte, acid non-specific activity esterase (ANAE(+)) in blood, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were determined at the end of experiment. The results showed that the proportions of CD3(+)... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549484 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549483&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198606%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, rats were orally treated with the total saponins of Taraphochlamys affinis (TSTA) daily with administration of CCl(4) twice a week for 8weeks. Compared to the normal control, CCl(4) induced liver damage significantly increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) in liver. Meanwhile content of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), which was oxidative stress marker, was increased. Histological finding also confirmed the hepatotoxic characterization in rats. Furthermore, proinflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum, prostaglandin E... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549483 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549482&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198607%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (STE). The results showed that STE displayed radical scavenging and reducing activity, as well as liposome protection activity. In addition, the implementation of an HPLC with a photodiode array detector helped to identify polyphenolic components including hesperidin, luteolin, and diosmetin. STE administration in the range of 125-500mg/kg showed concentration dependent inhibition on carrageenan induced inflammatory response in mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of STE could be related to tissue NO and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) suppression, and associated with the reduction of lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities including ca... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549482 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549481&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198608%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li WJ, Nie SP, Liu XZ, Zhang H, Yang Y, Yu Q, Xie MY Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of ethanol-soluble acidic components (ESAC) from Ganoderma atrum as a novel source against bacteria and oxidation in food industry. The qualitative analysis of ESAC was based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and eight ganoderic acids were identified in ESAC. Its total phenolic content of ESAC was 75.80±5.67mg/g. ESAC exhibited antimicrobial activity against all of the tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Proteusbacillus vulgaris), and exerted antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, total reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays. Mor... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549481 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549479&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198610%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li X, Shang P, Peng B, Nie C, Zhao L, Liu H, Xie J Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of test material format and smoking regimens on comparative toxicity testing of cigarette smoke. Total particulate matter (TPM) or whole smoke (WS) generated from three test cigarettes under International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or Health Canada Intensive (HCI) regimens were assessed for cytotoxicity using the neutral red uptake (NRU) cytotoxicity assay. Under both ISO and HCI regimens, the relative differences of cytotoxicity among the test cigarettes indicated by the EC(50) values in WS were significantly higher than those in TPM. For TPM testing, cytotoxicity was decreased going from ISO regimen to HCI regimen, consistent with the reported red... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549479 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549487&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Santos-Cruz LF, Avila-Acevedo JG, Ortega-Capitaine D, Ojeda-Duplancher JC, Perdigón-Moya JL, Hernández-Portilla LB, López-Dionicio H, Durán-Díaz A, Dueñas-García IE, Castañeda-Partida L, García-Bores AM, Heres-Pulido ME Abstract Verbascoside (VB) is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Buddleja species, some of which originate in Mexico, and was first described in the sixteenth century in the codices of Mexican traditional medicine. VB is present in alcohol extracts and is widely used in the north of Mexico as a sunscreen. VB absorbs UV-A and UV-B radiation and has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. VB and its constituent caffeic acid (CA) were screened to determine their genotoxic activity using the Drosophila wing spot test. Third instar larvae (72±4... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549487 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5549487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533803&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178223%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hassoun EA, Al-Dieri A Abstract The effects of a Vitamin E-restricted diet on the induction of phagocytic activation by dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) was investigated. Groups of B(6)C(3)F(1) male mice were either kept on standard diet (Std diet group) or diet that had the vitamin provided only by its natural ingredients (Low-E diet group). The animals in each diet group were administered 77mg of DCA or TCA/ kg/day, or 5ml/kg water (controls), by gavage, for 13weeks. Thereafter, peritoneal lavage cells (PLC) were assayed for superoxide anion (SA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as for the activities of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). SA and TNFα ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533803 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533802&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178224%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the effects of an oral subacute exposure to 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on young adult inbred wild type Tg2576 mice. BDE-209 was administered by gavage at doses of 0 and 20mg/kg/day dissolved in sunflower oil for 15days. Two behavioral endpoints were examined: anxiety-activity in a light/dark test and a zero maze test, and learning and spatial memory in a water maze test. Young adult mice exposed to BDE-209 showed a reduction in anxiety levels and a delayed learning in a spatial memory task. Although the results indicated that behavioral effects were present in a young adult exposed population of Tg2576 mice, further studies on chronic exposure to BDE-209 are clearly necessary in order to corroborate these effects. PMID: 2217822... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533802 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533801&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178225%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Constipation was decreased when fig fruit was fed to rats. Specifically, fecal number, weight, and water content, as well as histological parameters such as thickness and mucin areas in the distal colon were improved. Fig treatment may be a useful therapeutic and preventive strategy for chronic constipation. PMID: 22178225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533801 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533800&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178226%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wester PW, Muller JJ, Slob W, Mohn GR, Dortant PM, Kroese ED Abstract Because of the relatively high human oral exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to the inhalation exposure, the known carcinogenicity of this type of compounds and the limited data from oral studies available with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an oral carcinogenicity study was performed using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a PAH representative. Wistar rats, 52 animals per sex and group were exposed daily (5days a week) to 0, 3, 10 or 30mg B[a]P/kgbw/day by gavage for 104weeks and were subject to gross- and histopathology. The main tumours observed were hepatocellular carcinomas and forestomach tumours. Other tumours induced in this study were tumours of the auditory canal, skin and ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533800 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533799&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178603%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we monitored the effect of KP on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated release of HMGB1 and the HMGB1-mediated modulation of proinflammatory responses in human endothelial cells. We found that KP potently inhibited the release of HMGB1 by LPS and inhibited LPS- or HMGB1-mediated barrier permeability and expression of cell adhesion molecules. Further studies revealed that KP inhibited cell surface receptor of HMGB1, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4, but not the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Collectively, these results suggest that KP possesses anti-inflammatory responses against HMGB1-mediated proinflammatory responses, thereby endorsing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases. PMID: 22178603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533799 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533798&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178604%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fotland TO, Paulsen JE, Sanner T, Alexander J, Husøy T Abstract Coumarin is a naturally occurring flavouring substance in cinnamon and many other plants. It is known that coumarin can cause liver toxicity in several species, and it is considered a non-genotoxic carcinogen in rodents. By using the bench mark dose approach we re-assessed coumarin toxicity and established a new TDI for coumarin of 0.07mg/kgbw/day. Oral intake of coumarin is related to consumption of cinnamon-containing foods and food supplements. Cinnamon is a widely used spice in Norway, and can be used as topping on oatmeal porridge. Based on analyses of coumarin in Norwegian foods, intake calculations for children and adults were conducted, and a risk assessment of coumarin in the Norwegian population was... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533798 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5533797&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178802%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the influence of standardized CFE containing 10% active component forskolin on the hepatic drug metabolizing system was investigated to evaluate the safety through its drug interaction potential. Male ICR mice were fed AIN93G-based diets containing 0-5% CFE or 0.05% pure forskolin for 2-3weeks. Intake of two different sources of 0.5% CFE significantly increased the relative liver weight, total content of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and induced CYPs (especially 2B, 2C, 3A types) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. CFE significantly increased mRNA expression of CYPs and GST with dose related responses. However, unlike the CFE, intake of 0.05% pure forskolin was found to be associated with only weak induction in CYP3A and GST activities with no significant increas... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5533797 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5533797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513035&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corcuera LA, Amézqueta S, Arbillaga L, Vettorazzi A, Touriño S, Torres JL, López de Cerain A Abstract Polyphenols are characterized by the presence of phenol units in the molecules. These compounds may show antioxidant ability by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the free radical type. A polyphenol enriched cocoa extract (PECE) was obtained from cocoa seeds with 28% of procyanidins which were mainly epicatechin oligomers. PECE was very active as free radical scavenger against 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and tris(2,4,6-trichloro-3,5-dinitrophenyl)methyl (HNTTM) radicals; and the tris(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitrophenyl)methyl (TNPTM) assay showed that the PECE might not be pro-oxidant.... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513035 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513034&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kanter M, Aktas C, Erboga M Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of quercetin (QE) on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in the rat testis after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50mg/kg). The rats in the QE-treated group were given QE (15mg/kg) once a day intraperitoneally for 8weeks starting 3days prior to STZ injection. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed. Testis tissues and blood samples were collected for histopathologic and biochemical analysis. QE treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme acti... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513034 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513033&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22166790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lin CH, Chen PS, Kuo SC, Huang LJ, Gean PW, Chiu TH Abstract Neuronal death induced by I6 displayed apoptotic characteristics but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present studies, I6 at 24h after intraperitoneal administration significantly decreased the density of surviving neurons and increased caspase-3 activity in frontal cortex, suggesting that peripherally administered I6 may cross BBB to induce CNS toxicity. In rat embryonic primary cortical cells, I6-induced reduction of mitochondrial viability and neuronal apoptosis was inhibited by vitamin E. In addition, I6-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused the disruption of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), the release of cytochrome c, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cle... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513033 Tue, 06 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513039&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155221%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim YJ, Kim HC, Ko H, Amor EC, Lee JW, Yang HO Abstract Aurentiacin is a chalcone isolated from Syzygium samarangense. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of aurentiacin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages. Aurentiacin significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells concomitantly with the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Aurentiacin also reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and reporter gene assays indicated that DNA binding and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 were decreased by aurentiacin in LPS-sti... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513039 Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513038&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155268%26dopt%3DAbstract We examined 12 long-term studies (of more than 90days, up to 2years in duration) and 12 multigenerational studies (from 2 to 5 generations). We referenced the 90-day studies on GM feed for which long-term or multigenerational study data were available. Many parameters have been examined using biochemical analyses, histological examination of specific organs, hematology and the detection of transgenic DNA. The statistical findings and methods have been considered from each study. Results from all the 24 studies do not suggest any health hazards and, in general, there were no statistically significant differences within parameters observed. However, some small differences were observed, though these fell within the normal variation range of the considered parameter and thus had no biological... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513038 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513037&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155269%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of this study were to assess the occurrence of zearalenone (ZEA) in food in Catalonia (Spain); to assess the consumption of the main food items contaminated with ZEA; and finally, to estimate the dietary exposure of the Catalonian population to the mycotoxin. Therefore 1187 samples were collected from the Catalonian market and pooled to obtain 485 analytical samples (composites) of the commodities most susceptible to ZEA contamination and commonly consumed in the region. Extraction and clean-up was performed using immunoaffinity columns and ZEA was detected and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. A specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to 1264 individuals by trained interviewers to estimate the consum... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513037 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513036&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155270%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Messer A, Raquet N, Lohr C, Schrenk D Abstract Furocoumarins are phototoxic and photogenotoxic natural constituents occurring in a broad variety of plants used in cosmetics, food, and drugs. Grapefruit juice is considered as a major dietary source of furocoumarins although very few is known about the phototoxic properties of furocoumarins in grapefruit. Here we analyzed the phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of the three major furocoumarins previously found in commercial and freshly prepared grapefruit juices, i.e. bergaptol, bergamottin, and 6',7'-dihydroxy-bergamottin (DHB). We found that DHB was much less toxic than the reference furocoumarin 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) in V79 cells irradiated with UVA light, while bergamottin and bergaptol were not phototoxic. The photo... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513036 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513055&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142687%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tijhuis MJ, Pohjola MV, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Kalogeras N, Leino O, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Odekerken-Schröder G, Poto M, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, White BC, Holm F, Verhagen H Abstract An integrated benefit-risk analysis aims to give guidance in decision situations where benefits do not clearly prevail over risks, and explicit weighing of benefits and risks is thus indicated. The BEPRARIBEAN project aims to advance benefit-risk analysis in the area of food and nutrition by learning from other fields. This paper constitutes the final stage of the project, in which commonalities and differences in benefit-risk analysis are identified between the Food and Nutrition field and other fields, namely Medicines, Food Microbiology, Environmental Health, Economics and Marketing-Finan... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513055 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513042&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154852%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the effects of citreorosein (CIT), an anthraquinone component of Polygoni cuspidati radix (P. cuspidati, Polygonaceae), on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 dependent prostaglandin (PG)D(2) generation in mast cells, central effector cells of allergy and other inflammatory diseases. CIT strongly inhibited COX-2-dependent PGD(2) generation in a concentration-dependent manner in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) stimulated with stem cell factor (SCF)/IL-10/LPS. In an effort to identify the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of COX-2-dependent PGD(2) generation by CIT, we examined the effects of this compound on MAP kinases, Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are essential for COX-2 induction. CIT inhibited nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513042 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513041&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154853%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our study suggests that maintenance of genomic histone methylation under γ-radiation stress might be a very dynamic, progressive process that could be modulated by dietary folate deficiency leading to formation of epigenetically reprogrammed cells. PMID: 22154853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513041 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513041 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513040&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154854%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pinela J, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira IC Abstract The nutritional and antioxidant composition of four tomato Portuguese farmer' varieties widely cultivated in homegardens was determined. The analysed components included macronutrients, individual profiles of sugars and fatty acids by chromatographic techniques, hydrophilic antioxidants such as vitamin C, phenolics, flavonols and anthocyanins, and lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols, β-carotene and lycopene. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was evaluated through DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and TBARS formation inhibition. One of the four varieties, which is locally known as round tomato or potato tomato, proved to be the most powerful in antioxidant activity (E... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513040 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513049&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christina Persson E, Sewram V, Evans AA, Thomas London W, Volkwyn Y, Shen YJ, Zyl JV, Chen G, Lin WY, Shephard GS, Taylor PR, Fan JH, Dawsey SM, Qiao YL, McGlynn KA, Abnet CC Abstract Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), a mycotoxin that contaminates corn in certain climates, has been demonstrated to cause hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in animal models. Whether a relationship between FB(1) and HCC exists in humans is not known. To examine the hypothesis, we conducted case-control studies nested within two large cohorts in China; the Haimen City Cohort and the General Population Study of the Nutritional Intervention Trials cohort in Linxian. In the Haimen City Cohort, nail FB(1) levels were determined in 271 HCC cases and 280 controls. In the General Population Nutritional Intervention Tr... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513049 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513048&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim DA, Jeon YK, Nam MJ Abstract Galangin has been shown to have anti-cancer property against several types of cancer cells. Many studies have described the anti-oxidant and apoptotic effects of galangin. However, the mechanism of galangin-induced apoptosis has not yet been studied for human gastric cancer cells. We investigated galangin-induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer SNU-484 cells. Galangin inhibited proliferation of SNU-484 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results showed that galangin significantly decreased the viability of SNU-484 cells at 50-200μM for 24h and 48h. Galangin-induced cell death was characterized with the changes in cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle, activation of caspase-3/-9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cl... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513048 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513047&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu J, Luo J, Ye H, Zeng X Abstract A levan-type exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 was successfully acetylated, phosphorylated and benzylated, respectively, affording its derivatives of acetylated levan (AL), phosphorylated levan (PL) and benzylated levan (BL). Then, the antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of the natural polysaccharide and its derivatives were determined. As results, AL, BL and PL all exhibited higher reducing power, scavenging activity against superoxide radical and scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than the natural polysaccharide, EPS-1. In addition, AL, BL and PL also exhibited higher antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in vitro than EPS-1. The enhanced activities of the derivativ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513047 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513043&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22146086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chukwudebe A, Privalle L, Reed A, Wandelt C, Contri D, Dammann M, Groeters S, Kaspers U, Strauss V, van Ravenzwaay B Abstract This subchronic duration feeding study evaluated the nutritional and health status of rats fed diets containing CV127 at incorporation levels of 11% and 33%. For control comparisons, rats were also exposed to similar incorporation levels of the near isogenic conventional soybean variety (Conquista) and two other conventional soybean varieties (Monsoy, Coodetec). In spite of phenotypic differences among these four soybean varieties, there were no quantitative differences in their respective proximate and other compositional properties, including proteins, amino acids, antinutrients and nutritional cofactors. All diets were prepared by blending the re... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513043 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513056&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142686%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Magnoliae Cortex extract (MOE) on intimal thickening of rat carotid artery injured by balloon endothelial denudation. MOE was administered orally using gastric sonde at three different doses MOE200 (200mg/kg), MOE400 (400mg/kg), and MOE800 (800mg/kg) for 14days from the day of balloon injury. Also, in vitro assays of proliferation, migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were carried out using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, transwell boyden chamber method and gelatin zymography, respectively. Oral administration of MOE400 and MOE800 for 14days significantly inhibited intimal area, intimal/medial ratio (I/M), stenosis rate, e... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513056 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513054&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142688%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study indicates MKA to be a useful remedy in the management of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. PMID: 22142688 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513054 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513053&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142689%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, a cytotoxicity assay was developed for profiling the cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) base on a cellular impedance biosensor (CIB). Compared with the traditional in vitro cytotoxicity assays, this CIB-based method offered distinct advantages in real-time kinetic measurement which provided a comprehensive understanding of cellular responses for the entire duration of the experiment and prediction of the potential mechanism of action of a given treatment. The time-dependent cell response profiles provided valid evidences for optimization of cell number per well, cell quality control, and identification of the optimal time points for compound treatment and endpoint assays. According to the time dependent IC(50) values, the CIB could provide dynamic information... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513053 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513052&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142690%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe studies of the impact of tobacco agronomic and production practices which influence TSNA formation. TSNA were measured at points in the MST production chain from the farm to the finished product at the end of shelf life. Analyses were conducted to define points at which TSNA may occur, the factors related to the magnitude of occurrence, and actions which may be taken to mitigate such occurrence. Weather conditions during the curing season can have a dramatic impact on TSNA levels in tobacco, with wet seasons markedly increasing TSNA levels in cured tobacco. TSNA levels in MST do not increase beyond levels in cured tobacco when production practices limit the presence of nitrate reducing bacteria. Therefore, TSNA in such products are a function of the agronomic practices and cond... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513052 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513051&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142691%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the first evidence that [6]-shogaol increases the expression of BDNF in LPS-treated astrocytes. Furthermore, these experimental results indicate that production of BDNF in astrocytes might be related to altered cell viability following [6]-shogaol treatment. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of [6]-shogaol is mediated by up-regulation of BDNF. PMID: 22142691 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513051 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513050&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: D'Cruz SC, Jubendradass R, Jayakanthan M, Rani SJ, Mathur PP Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential endocrine disruptor and testicular toxicant. Recently, we have reported that exposure to BPA increases plasma insulin and glucose levels and decreases the levels of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporter-8 (GLUT-8) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in rat testis. In the present study we sought to investigate the effects of low doses of BPA on insulin signaling molecules, glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and steroidogenesis in rat testis. BPA was administered to rats by oral gavage at doses of 0.005, 0.5, 50 and 500μg/kg body weight/day for 45days. A positive control was maintained by administering 17-β-estradiol (50μg/kg body weight/day). Decreased levels of insu... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513050 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513046&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142696%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we demonstrated the antioxidant and protective properties of crude extract and fractions from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. The contents of their phytochemical profiles were determined by spectrophotometric methods and high performance liquid chromatography using a photodiode array detector. FLL crude extract possessed appreciable scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and H(2)O(2). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was the most active fraction in scavenging free radicals and H(2)O(2). Following exposure of cells to H(2)O(2), there was a marked decrease in cell survival and intracellular antioxidant enzymes, and then intracellular oxidative stress, the level of lipid peroxidat... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513046 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513044&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sivagami G, Vinothkumar R, Preethy Paul C, Riyasdeen A, Akbarsha MA, Menon VP, Nalini N Abstract Colon cancer is one of the serious health problems in most developed countries and its incidence rate is increasing in India. Hesperetin (HN) (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonone) and hesperetin analogue (HA) were tested for their apoptosis inducing ability. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay revealed a dose as well as duration-dependent reduction of HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma) cellular growth in response to HN and HA treatment. At 24h 70μM of HN and 32μM of HA showed 50% reduction of HT-29 cellular growth. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed apoptotic features of cell death induced by HN and HA. Rhodamine 123 staining showed significant reduction in mitochond... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513044 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513045&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22142697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baldo MP, Teixeira AK, Rodrigues SL, Mill JG Abstract A high salt diet is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that leads to cardiac hypertrophy and creates a substrate for arrhythmias and sudden death. However, acute arrhythmogenesis after infarction has not been studied. Male Wistar rats (21days) received drinking water (MI) or 1% NaCl solution (MI-Salt-C) for 4weeks. Water was given to another group for 4weeks, and on the day before surgery, animals received a 1% NaCl solution (MI-Salt-A). Non-invasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) was obtained before surgery. Myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery. Electrocardiogram was monitored during the first 30min post-occlusion to evaluate arrhythmias. Although SBP wa... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513045 Sun, 27 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513064&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138247%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee SH, Liu YT, Chen KM, Lii CK, Liu CT Abstract We investigated the protective effects of garlic sulfur compounds (GSCs), specifically, diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), on endotoxin-induced intestinal damage. Wistar rats received by gavage 0.125 or 0.025mmol/kg body wt of each GSC or the vehicle (corn oil; 2mL/kg body wt) every other day for 2weeks before being injected with endotoxin (ip, 5mg/kg body wt). Control rats were administered corn oil and were injected with sterile saline. Rats were killed at 18h after injection. Both doses of DAS suppressed endotoxin-induced neutrophilia, serum levels of sICAM-1 and CINC-1, cellular CD11b on neutrophils, and intestinal contents of ICAM-1, CINC-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta (p<0.05... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513064 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513063&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138248%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we report the inhibitory effect of schizandrin (Sch), an active ingredient of Fuctus shisandrea, on HG-induced murine mesangial cells (MMCs) damage. Sch treatment significantly attenuated HG-induced proliferation and protein synthesis of MMCs in a dose dependent manner. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also remarkably reduced by Sch as well as the enhanced NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide anion levels, NOX4 and p22phox protein expression, and phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox. The phosphorylation level of mitogen activated kinase (MAPK) protein, phospho-Erk1/2 and -p38, and Akt was also significantly inhibited by Sch under HG condition. By using specific inhibitors, we found that Sch inhibits HG-induced mesangial cell proliferation and ECM over... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513063 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513062&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zeng T, Zhang CL, Song FY, Zhao XL, Xie KQ Abstract Garlic oil (GO) has been shown to partially attenuate ethanol-induced fatty liver, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of GO against ethanol-induced steatosis in vitro and in vivo, and to explore potential mechanisms by investigating the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), and etc. In the in vitro study, human normal cell LO2 was exposed to 100mM ethanol in the presence or absence of GO for 24h. We found that ethanol increased the protein levels of n-SREBP-1c and CYP2E1, but decreased the protein levels of PPAR-α, which was significantly at... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513062 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513061&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138250%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lachenmeier DW, Salaspuro M PMID: 22138250 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513061 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513060&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138251%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we showed that XN was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and did not induce genomic instability in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In the bacteria XN suppressed the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) induced mutations in a dose dependent manner and in HepG2 cells it completely prevented PhIP and MeIQx induced DNA strand breaks at nanomolar concentrations. With the QRT-PCR gene expression analysis of the main enzymes involved in the biotransformation of HAAs in HepG2 cells we found that XN upregulates the expression of phase I (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) and phase II (UGT1A1) enzymes. Further gene expression analysis in cells exposed to MeIQx and PhIP in combination with XN revealed that ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513060 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513059&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pavlovic V, Djordjevic A, Cherneva E, Yancheva D, Smelcerovic A Abstract Recently we reported the identification and synthesis of cyclodidepsipeptides, 3,6-di(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (PPM) and 3-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(propan-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione (BPM), as potential precursors of enniatin B in Fusarium sporotrichioides. No data concerning biological activity of PPM and BPM have hitherto been published. The possible immunomodulatory effect and antimicrobial activity of PPM and BPM were investigated in this study, due to well known biological activities of enniatin B. The cytotoxicity effect of PPM and BPM on rat thymocytes demonstrated that increasing concentrations (0.1, 1, 10μg/well) of PPM and BPM to cell culture, showed no significant effe... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513059 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513057&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee BJ, Kang YM, Kim J, Nam BH, Cha JY, Kim YM, Ahn CB, Je JY Abstract A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of fermented sea tangle (FST) on healthy volunteers with high levels of γ-glutamyltransferse (γ-GT). Forty-eight participants were divided into a placebo group and an FST group that received FST (1.5g/day) for 4weeks. Serum γ-GT, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were determined before and after the trial. Administering FST significantly decreased serum levels of γ-GT and MDA. Additionally, SOD and CAT activities were significantly augmented compared to those in the placebo group after 4weeks, but no significa... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513057 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513069&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137901%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Adegoke OA, Kyu JK, Mukherjee A Abstract The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500μM for 3h at 37°C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5μM) did not produce any significant ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513069 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513068&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137902%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these results indicate that DATS inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. DATS is likely to act by prolonging ERK activation, which leads to the down-regulation of adipogenic transcription factor expression during adipogenesis. Our results suggest that garlic may have potential as an anti-obesity agent. PMID: 22137902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513068 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513067&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Angeles García M, Santaeufemia M, Julia Melgar M Abstract Residue levels of herbicides (triazines) were determined in milk by a new and sensitive analytical method. A total of 312 samples were collected (70 infant formulas and 242 raw milk) biweekly during a 24-month period. A method is reported for the analysis of triazine with extraction by diphasic dialysis and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (CG/NPD) and by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to confirm positive results. Detection limits (LODs) were 0.01mg/l for terbuthylazine, 0.07mg/l for simazine and 0.04mg/l for atrazine by CG/NPD. Optimal extraction was obtained with dichloromethane at 34°C, and stirring at 200rpm for 4h. This extraction method improves recovery... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513067 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513066&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hobbs CA, Swartz C, Maronpot R, Davis J, Recio L, Hayashi SM Abstract Gum ghatti is a food additive in some parts of the world, serving as an emulsifier, a stabilizer, and a thickening agent. To evaluate its genotoxic potential, we conducted Good Laboratory Practice compliant in vitro and in vivo studies in accordance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. No evidence of toxicity or mutagenicity was detected in a bacterial reverse mutation assay using five tester strains evaluating gum ghatti at up to 6mg/plate, with or without metabolic activation. Gum ghatti also did not induce chromosome structural damage in a chromosome aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. To assess the ability to induce DNA damage in rodents, ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513066 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513065&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22137905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Debora van der Merwe J, Joubert E, Manley M, de Beer D, Malherbe CJ, Gelderblom WC Abstract Mangiferin displays an extensive spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. Its phase II metabolism in the presence of Aroclor 1254-induced and un-induced microsomal and cytosolic fractions from rat liver and the antioxidant potency of the glucuronidated conjugates were investigated. Mangiferin was not a substrate for the cytosolic sulphotransferases. Glucuronidation led to the formation of two monoglucuronidated metabolites of mangiferin and a monoglucuronidated metabolite of homomangiferin (a minor constituent of the mangiferin standard). Deconjugation utilising glucuronidase resulted in the disappearance of the metabolites, with the concomitant format... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513065 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513058&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Díaz O, Tapia Y, Muñoz O, Montoro R, Velez D, Almela C Abstract Chile is one of the major producers of phytocolloids extracted from seaweed. Multicellular algae are considered to be primary accumulators of arsenic. We analyzed 14 species of algae belonging to the groups Rhodophyceae (10), Phaeophyceae (3) and Chlorophyceae (1) from different coastal zones of Chile in 2003-2004. Dry ashing mineralization (for total As) and acid digestion (for inorganic As) together with quantification by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) were employed. In general, total arsenic concentrations varied between 3.0 and 68mgkg(-1), whereas inorganic arsenic concentrations ranged between 0.15 and 1.06mgkg(-1). The algal species Durvillaea antarctica an... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513058 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513073&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119989%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study suggests inclusion/exclusion of censored data should be dependent on satisfying the statistical assumptions required rather than always including/excluding. PMID: 22119989 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513073 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513072&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120504%26dopt%3DAbstract PREFACE. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Nov 22; Authors: Castenmiller JJ PMID: 22120504 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513072 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513071&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120505%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we further explored the potential of (-)-antofine to overcome the resistance induced by anti-cancer drugs. To this end, we established the paclitaxel-resistant human lung cancer cell line A549-PA by gradually exposing A549 cells to increasing concentrations of paclitaxel. As a result, the A549-PA cells acquired resistance against paclitaxel treatment and had an IC(50) that was more than 200 times that of the parental A549 cells. (-)-Antofine, however, effectively suppressed the growth of both the parental and drug-resistant cells. Additional studies revealed that the anti-proliferative activity of (-)-antofine in A549-PA cells is accompanied by a down-regulation of P-gp mRNA and protein expression. The effect of reversing the multidrug resistance of A549-PA cells via (-)-ant... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513071 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513070&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22120506%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was set up to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro anti-tumor potential of the polysaccharide (SFPS) from S. fusiforme and the immune response in tumor-bearing mice. SFPS was isolated by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. The mice inoculated with A549 cells were orally administrated with SFPS at the doses of 100 and 200mg/kg body weight for 28days. The effects on the growth of tumor, serum TNF-α level, splenocyte proliferation, production of cytokines from peritoneal macrophages in A549-bearing mice were measured. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of SFPS on A549 cell line was also studied. Results showed that SFPS could not only significantly inhibit the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma in mice, but also remarkably promote IL-1 and TNF-α production from peritoneal macro... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513070 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513075&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119782%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guimarães NS, Mello JC, Paiva JS, Bueno PC, Berretta AA, Torquato RJ, Nantes IL, Rodrigues T Abstract Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the main botanical source used by honeybees to produce Brazilian green propolis whose hepatoprotective properties have been already described. In this work we investigated the protective effects of the glycolic extract of B. dracunculifolia (GEBd) against oxidative stress in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM). The GEBd was prepared by fractionated percolation using propylene glycol as solvent. The total phenols and flavonoids, which are substances with recognized antioxidant action, were quantified in GEBd and the phytochemical analysis was carried out by HPLC. GEBd exhibited significant scavenger activity towards DPPH radic... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513075 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513076&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22115743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeffrey AM, Brunnemann KD, Duan JD, Schlatter J, Williams GM Abstract Furan, a food contaminant formed by heating, is hepato carcinogenic to rats and mice. Conflicting genotoxicity data exist on furan and its metabolite, cis-2-butene 1,4-dial and there are few data for the target organ, the liver. We assessed the abilities of furan and, as a positive control, 1,3-propane diol (PDO), to cause DNA damage in the livers of turkey fetuses in ovo using the alkaline comet assay. Single injections of furan (2-20μmoles) into turkey eggs, at 23days of incubation, when the liver is well developed, reduced the %DNA in the comet tail (%DNA-CT) in hepatocytes isolated from fetuses 24h later indicating DNA cross links. Treatment of the hepatocytes with proteinase K, digest DNA-protein c... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513076 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513074&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22119783%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rezaei PF, Fouladdel S, Hassani S, Yousefbeyk F, Ghaffari SM, Amin G, Azizi E Abstract Plants as important source of natural active components with anticancer effects commonly are different in structure and biological properties. The pericarp of Pistacia atlantica sub kurdica with local name of Baneh, a rich source of active phytochemicals, contains noticeable amounts of polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Therefore, the antiproliferative, apoptosis induction and cell cycle alterations of Baneh were evaluated in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. The Baneh extract (0.7mg/ml) resulted in 50% growth inhibition similar to 500nM of Doxorubicin (Dox) in HT29 cells after 72h. The down-regulation of cyclin A protein by Baneh extract induced S phase delay in cell c... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513074 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513082&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107987%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liong EC, Xiao J, Lau TY, Nanji AA, Tipoe GL Abstract We investigated the protective effects of two non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors) and nimesulide (specific COX-2 inhibitor) on the hepatic injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in d-galactosamine sensitized (Gal/LPS) mice. ICR male mice were injected with a single dose of Gal/LPS with or without pre-treatment of 3mg/kg indomethacin or 30mg/kg nimesulide (single i.p. injection). Sixteen hours later, blood and liver tissues of mice were collected for histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses. Our results showed marked reduction of hepatic necrosis, serum ALT, and tissue TBARS levels in both indomethacin- and nimesulide-pre-treated mice when compared with Gal/LPS-treated mi... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513082 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513081&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107988%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Katz JM, Winter CK, Buttrey S, Fadel JG Abstract Western and guideline based diets were compared to determine if dietary improvements resulting from following dietary guidelines reduce acrylamide intake. Acrylamide forms in heat treated foods and is a human neurotoxin and animal carcinogen. Acrylamide intake from the Western diet was estimated with probabilistic techniques using teenage (13-19years) National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) food consumption estimates combined with FDA data on the levels of acrylamide in a large number of foods. Guideline based diets were derived from NHANES data using linear programming techniques to comport to recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. Whereas the guideline based diets were more pro... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513081 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513080&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107989%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jung S, Lee C, Lee S, Ohk J, Kim SK, Lee MS, Moon HI Abstract Angelica genus (umbelliferae) has traditionally been used as the medicine and health food considered alleviating several used in the treatment of cancer as well as non-cancerous diseases. Angelica purpuraefolia Chung is an endemic species and a folk medicine in Korea. We have previously reported that two natural khellactone isolated from the rhizomes of A. purpuraefolia has significant antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In the present study, we scientifically evaluated the effect of (+)-4'-decanoyl-cis-khellactone and (+)-3'-decanoyl-cis-khellactone from A. purpuraefolia on cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of (+)-4'-decanoyl-cis-khellac... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513080 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513078&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107991%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Song MY, Ku SK, Han JS Abstract Fucoidan extracts from brown seaweed have anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and antiviral activities. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF) obtained by acid hydrolysis of high molecular weight fucoidan showed more favorable bioactivity. Despite extensive work on LMF bioactivities, detailed studies on the genotoxicity of LMF have not been conducted. As part of a safety evaluation, the potential genotoxicity of LMF was evaluated using a standard battery of tests (bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberrations assay, and mouse micronucleus assay). The LMF was determined not to be genotoxic under the conditions of the reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberrations assay, or mouse micronucleus assay. In a reverse mutation assay using four ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513078 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513077&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107992%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Estevinho LM, Rodrigues S, Dias T, da Silva JP, Feás X Abstract Bee pollen is an important natural product, used in the folk medicine, clinical practices, food and pharmaceutical industries. This work intends to characterise, for the first time in Portugal, the palynological origin, nutritional value and microbiological security of bee pollen. Moisture content, ash, a(w), pH, reducing sugars, carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, fatty acids and energy were the specific parameters analysed. Aerobic mesophiles, moulds and yeasts, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and sulphite-reducing clostridia were the microorganisms studied. The most frequent plant families from a total of 10 taxa identified were Boraginaceae and Ericaceae. Portuguese bee po... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513077 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513079&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107990%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cariddi L, Escobar F, Sabini C, Torres C, Reinoso E, Cristofolini A, Comini L, Montoya SN, Sabini L Abstract In a previous study we have demonstrated that cold aqueous extract of Baccharis articulata (Ba-CAE) induced the death of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exerted low mutagenic effects on mice at 6h after administration. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the PBMCs death induced by Ba-CAE is due to apoptosis, and whether this extract exerts mutagenic effects on mice at 24 and 48h after administration. In addition, Ba-CAE was chemically characterized. PBMCs from healthy volunteers were exposed to extract (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280μg/mL) for 18-24h. Cell viability was determined by staining of trypan blue dye exclusion met... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513079 Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439881&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Domingo JL Abstract Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used to protect people from fires by reducing the flammability of combustible materials. In recent years, PBDEs have become widespread environmental pollutants, while body burden in the general population has been increasing. A number of studies have shown that, as for other persistent organic pollutants, dietary intake is one of the main routes of human exposure to PBDEs. The most recent scientific literature concerning the levels of PBDEs in foodstuffs and the human dietary exposure to these BFRs are here reviewed. It has been noted that the available information on human total daily intake through food consumption is basically limited to a number of European coun... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439881 Sat, 12 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439882&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100396%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows for the first time a complete and detailed description about the symptoms observed in mice when these toxins were intraperitoneal (i.p.) administered. It is also compared the i.p. toxicity of 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13-desMeC), 13,19-didesMeC (13,19-didesMeC) and 20-methyl spirolide G (20-Me-G) in experiments performed with highly purified toxins. The bioassay indicates that 13-desMeC and 13,19-didesMeC are extremely toxic compounds which have a LD(50) of 27.9μg/kg and 32.2μg/kg, respectively. However, when 20-MeG was i.p administrated with dose up 63.5μg/kg, no deaths were recorded. In order to evaluate the oral toxicity, spirolides were administered by gastric intubation into mice. Then, samples of blood, urine and faeces were collected and analyzed by liquid chroma... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439882 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439880&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101062%26dopt%3DAbstract This study explored the mechanisms of 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide-induced toxicity and non-apoptotic cell death in T-47D breast carcinoma cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide exerted its cytotoxic effects by regulating genes that inhibit the cell cycle or promote cell cycle arrest. This compound regulated genes that are known to reduce/inhibit cell proliferation, induce growth arrest and suppress cell growth. The growth suppression activities of this compound were demonstrated by a downregulation of several genes normally found to be over-expressed in cancers. Microscopic analysis revealed positive monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining at 8h, indicating possible autophagosomes. TEM analysis revealed that the treated cells were high... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439880 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5439879&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101063%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: These results suggest that garlic offered more hepatoprotective effect to cadmium followed by mercury and least protection to lead at the selected dose of each metal in this study through the processes of uptake, assimilation and elimination of these metals. PMID: 22101063 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5439879 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5439879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419376&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079181%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ramalhosa MJ, Paíga P, Morais S, Ramos S, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira MB Abstract The concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in three commercially valuable fish species (sardine, Sardine pilchardus; chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus; and horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus) from the Atlantic Ocean. Specimens were collected seasonally during 2007-2009. Only low molecular weight PAHs were detected, namely, naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. Chub mackerel (1.80-19.90μg/kgww) revealed to be significantly more contaminated than horse mackerel (2.73-10.0μg/kgww) and sardine (2.29-14.18μg/kgww). Inter-specific and inter-season comparisons of PAHs bioaccumulation were statistically assessed. The more relevant statistical co... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419376 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419375&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079182%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matsumoto K, Yokoyama SI Abstract Kaki-tannin, a highly polymerized-tannin from the young fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki 'Hachiya'), has been shown to have bile acid-binding activity. To verify the effect of kaki-tannin on the metabolism of lipid and glucose in type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetic NSY/Hos mice were fed an AIN76-modified high fat diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) kaki-tannin for 8weeks. Kaki-tannin induced a 2-fold increase in fecal bile acid excretion and was significantly effective in the prevention of a rise in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels. Kaki-tannin treatment also prevented fatty liver. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, gene expression analysis was performed on liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and s... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419375 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419374&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079183%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Chronic Al exposure may affect learning and memory through impact on Ras/ERK signal pathway. PMID: 22079183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419374 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419373&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079184%26dopt%3DAbstract This study has investigated the ENs bioaccessibility, spiked in commercial wheat crispy bread at 1.5 and 3.0μmol/g concentrations, their transepithelial transport and bioavailability using Caco-2 cells as a model of the human intestinal epithelium. The content (%) of the four ENs contained in the gastric fluid has resulted variable from 69% to 91%, considering the two concentrations assayed. The mean bioaccessibility data for the compounds studied, resulted of 80%. The compounds that evidenced the highest absorption, using the in vitro model which simulated the transepithelial transport, were the EN A (70.8±1.3% of absorption) and A(1) (73.8±0.9%) at 1.5 and 3.0μmol/g concentrations, respectively. The compound with the lowest transport value (50.7±1.3%) was the EN A at 3.0μmol/g conc... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419373 Sun, 06 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419372&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han T, Cheng G, Liu Y, Yang H, Hu YT, Huang W Abstract Tectoridin (4',5,7-thrihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) isolated from the flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana is reported to have less hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiallergic and anaphylaxis inhibitory activity than its aglycone form tectorigenin. To obtain tectorigenin, tectoridin was hydrolyzed in the current study. However, practical limitations of tectorigenin do exist due to its poor water-solubility. To increase its water-solubility, tectorigenin was sulfonated with sulfuric acid (98wt.%) and mixed with saturated salt water to produce tectorigenin sodium sulfonate. Tectoridin and the two transfer products were identified by UV, IR, HPLC-MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR, and the solubility of tect... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419372 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419371&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079310%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin RC, Aiyer HS, Malik D, Li Y Abstract Curcuma longa is a perennial member of the Zingiberaceae family, and cultivated mainly in India, and Southeast Asia. The hypothesis for this study is that turmeric will have distinctive effects from curcumin due to the presence of other bioactive compounds. Thirty Eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into three oral feeding groups. Group 1, standard rat chow, Control diet - AIN 93M, group 2 - Curcumin - 700ppm or 0.7g/kg diet, and group 3 - Turmeric - 14,000ppm or 14g/kg diet for a total of 3weeks. One group of rats were feed all three diets only and another group underwent esophagoduodenal anastomosis to evaluate the effects of bioavailability. Curcumin diet did not increase the transcription of mRNA of TNF-alpha, I... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419371 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419370&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079311%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the radio-protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) were investigated in a mouse animal model exposed to (60)Co gamma-irradiation. Each of three batches of mice were divided into five groups (negative control, positive gamma irradiated control, and low, middle and high dosage GLP groups). Different batches of animals were used to evaluate the impact of GLP on peripheral white blood cell count, immune organ index; DNA damage, lipid peroxidation; micronuclei formation, and nucleated cell count in bone marrow induced by (60)Co gamma-irradiation. DNA strand-break and micronuclei frequency were significantly reduced and glutathione peroxidase activity and nucleated cell count in bone marrow were significantly increased by GLP treatment in a dose-dependent mann... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419370 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419377&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079148%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to analyze residue levels of 33 kinds of pesticides on fresh omija fruits and in omija juices produced in South Korea. A risk assessment of the pesticides in omija juice was conducted by calculating EDI and ADI. Most of the pesticide levels were below the LOD in fresh omija fruits. Among the detected compounds, the most frequently detected pesticide was ethoprophos. The EDIs of ethoprophos, pendimethalin and hexaconazole were 5.89E-03, 7.08E-04 and 4.73E-05, respectively. The percent of EDI to ADI of ethoprophos, pendimethalin and hexaconazole was 28.0%, 13.6% and 4.5%, respectively. The results of this research concluded that the detected pesticides are not harmful to human beings. PMID: 22079148 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Che... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419377 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419369&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079312%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McQuistan TJ, Simonich MT, Pratt MM, Pereira CB, Hendricks JD, Dashwood RH, Williams DE, Bailey GS Abstract Recent pilot studies found natural chlorophyll (Chl) to inhibit carcinogen uptake and tumorigenesis in rodent and fish models, and to alter uptake and biodistribution of trace (14)C-aflatoxin B1 in human volunteers. The present study extends these promising findings, using a dose-dose matrix design to examine Chl-mediated effects on dibenzo(def,p)chrysene (DBC)-induced DNA adduct formation, tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and changes in gene regulation in the trout. The dose-dose matrix design employed an initial 12,360 rainbow trout, which were treated with 0-4000ppm dietary Chl along with 0-225ppm DBC for up to 4weeks. Dietary DBC was found to induce dose-resp... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419369 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419368&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079313%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zeilmaker MJ, Hoekstra J, van Eijkeren JC, de Jong N, Hart A, Kennedy M, Owen H, Gunnlaugsdottir H Abstract The fish ingredient N3-docosahexaenoic acid 22:6 n-3 (DHA) stimulates brain development. On the other hand methylmercury (MeHg) in fish disturbes the developing central nervous system. Here the IQ score in children is considered as an aggregate measure of in utero brain development. To determine the effect of DHA exposure on prenatal neurodevelopment the maternal DHA intake during pregnancy was compared with its epidemiologically observed effect on the IQ score of children. For MeHg the maternal intake was converted into its accumulation in the maternal body. The maternal body burden then was compared with its epidemiologically observed relationship with the IQ score... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419368 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419367&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079314%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, PBTE administration ameliorated QCT-induced nephrotoxicity by maintaining DNA's double-helix architecture and mitigating oxidative stress. PMID: 22079314 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419367 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419388&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036023%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Renwick AG PMID: 22036023 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419388 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419387&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036024%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Otabe A, Fujieda T, Masuyama T, Ubukata K, Lee C Abstract Advantame is an N-substituted (aspartic acid portion) derivative of aspartame that is similar in structure to neotame, another N-substituted aspartame. An extensive series of studies, were conducted on advantame to define the pharmacokinetics and metabolism in various species, subchronic and chronic toxicity in the rat and dog, carcinogenicity in the rat and mouse, genotoxicity, reproductive, and developmental toxicity, and human tolerability studies. The results of these studies, presented in overview in the present publication, and in greater detail in the accompanying publications, show that advantame is well tolerated by both animals and humans and does not possess systemic toxicity. The metabolic data demonstra... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419387 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419386&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036025%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study the safety of advantame has been evaluated using a series of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays including, bacterial mutation, mammalian cell mutation, and mouse micronucleus tests. Advantame did not induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli at concentrations of up to 5000μg/plate. In the mammalian cell mutation assay, advantame did not induce mutation at the Hprt locus of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells in two independent experiments, either in the absence or presence of S9. In vivo, there was no effect on the incidence of micronucleated immature or mature erythrocytes in bone marrow after oral administration of the test substance at any dose level (up to 2000mg/kg body weight) or sampling time (24 and 48h). The results of these studies demon... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419386 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419385&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Otabe A, Fujieda T, Masuyama T Abstract Groups of 55 male and 55 female Han Wistar rats were administered advantame (98.9-99.8% purity) in the diet at concentrations of 0, 2000, 10,000, or 50,000ppm for 104weeks, following parental exposure to the same levels from prior to mating and throughout gestation. Additional groups of 20 rats/sex and 10 rats/sex were dosed for a period of 52weeks and constituted the toxicity and reversibility phases of the study. Achieved doses of advantame over the carcinogenicity study were 0, 97, 488, and 2621mg/kg body weight/day in males and 0, 125, 630, and 3454mg/kg body weight/day in females, respectively. A high incidence of a pale and swollen anus and changes in fecal composition were observed in the high-dose groups. There was no effect ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419385 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419384&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036027%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Otabe A, Fujieda T, Masuyama T Abstract Advantame (N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propyl]-α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, monohydrate), an N-substituted analog of aspartame, has been developed as a high-intensity sweetener. Groups of 4 dogs of each sex were treated at 0, 2000, 10,000, or 50,000ppm of advantame in the diet for 52weeks. Additional groups of 2 dogs/sex at the control, and mid- and high-dose groups were treated for 52weeks followed by a 6-week recovery period. There was no effect of treatment on mortality, body weight, organ weights, food consumption, or the results of ophthalmological, electrocardiographic, haematological, clinical chemistry or urinalysis examinations. No histopathological changes were associated with advantame treatment. Th... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419384 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419383&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Otabe A, Fujieda T, Masuyama T Abstract To assess its teratogenic potential, advantame (N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propyl]-α-aspartyl]-l-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, monohydrate) was administered to mated rats (22/group) in the diet at 0, 5000, 15,000, and 50,000ppm (providing approximately 465, 1418, and 4828mg/kg body weight/day), and to mated rabbits (24/group) via oral gavage at 0, 500, 1000, and 2000mg/kg body weight/day throughout gestation. Shortly before delivery (rats: day 20; rabbits: day 29), animals were killed and subjected to a detailed necropsy. Fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. Atypical coloration of the feces and cage liners seen with test diets in both rats and rabbits was attributed to excretion of test ma... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419383 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419382&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036029%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warrington S, Lee C, Otabe A, Narita T, Polnjak O, Pirags V, Krievins D Abstract Advantame, a new, high-intensity sweetener that is thought not to be absorbed from the human gastrointestinal tract in appreciable quantities, was evaluated for safety and tolerability in a total of 48 healthy adult volunteers in 2 studies. In the first study 24 subjects were randomized to receive escalating single doses of 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5mg/kg of body weight, and pharmacokinetic and safety parameters were assessed subsequently for 8days. In the second study, 24 subjects were randomized to receive over 4weeks either 30mg advantame/day (split into 3 doses per day), or placebo. All subjects completed both studies and no significant treatment-related adverse effects were observed in any subject... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419382 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419381&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036030%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ubukata K, Nakayama A, Mihara R Abstract The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of advantame were evaluated in rats, dogs, and humans. The oral pharmacokinetic studies using (14)C-advantame showed that advantame undergoes rapid but incomplete absorption, with an oral bioavailability of total radioactivity in the range of 4-23%. Data indicated that absorption was mainly as ANS9801-acid (de-esterified advantame), which was formed in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of the hydrolysis of the methyl ester group of the parent compound. In the dog, plasma ANS9801-acid was present largely in the form of an unidentified conjugate. Advantame (chiefly in the form of metabolites) was mainly excreted in the feces in rats, dogs, and humans (>80% in each species), with urinary excr... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419381 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419379&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22067293%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Desai SN, Patel DK, Devkar RV, Patel PV, Ramachandran AV Abstract The present study investigates hepatoprotective effects of polyphenol rich Murraya koenigii L. (MK) hydro-ethanolic leaf extract in CCl(4) treated hepatotoxic rats. Plasma markers of hepatic damage, lipid peroxidation levels, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidants in liver and histopathological changes were investigated in control and treated rats. MK pretreated rats with different doses (200, 400 and 600mg/kg body weight) showed significant decrement in activity levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, and bilirubin. Also, MK treated rats recorded a dose dependent increment in hepatic super oxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and asco... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419379 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419378&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22067294%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: SöhretoÄŸlu D, SabuncuoÄŸlu S, Harput US Abstract Quercus species are used as antidiarrheic, for the treatment of hemorrhoid, oral and anal mucosa inflammation. These tree species have been of interest to researchers because of their usage in folk medicine, consumption as food, beverage and especially usage of oak woods for construction in wine barrels. The DPPH, SO and NO radical scavenging activities, protective effect against H(2)O(2) induced cytotoxicity as well as their cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line of the MeOH and water extracts of the barks of Quercus cerris var. cerris, Quercusmacranthera subsp. syspirensis and Quercus aucheri were investigated for the first time. Total phenolic content of the extracts was also evalua... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419378 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419380&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22063758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Radulović N, DorÄ‘ević N, Denić M, Pinheiro MM, Fernandes PD, Boylan F Abstract 2-Pentylpiperidine, named conmaculatin, a novel volatile alkaloid related to coniine was identified from the renowned toxic weed Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae). The structure of conmaculatin was corroborated by synthesis (8 steps starting from cyclohexanol, overall yield 12%). Conmaculatin's strong peripheral and central antinociceptive activity in mice was observed in a narrow dose range (10-20mg/kg). It was found to be lethal in doses higher than 20mg/kg. PMID: 22063758 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419380 Sun, 30 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419393&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056333%26dopt%3DAbstract This study contributes to the elaboration of nutritional databases of the most consumed fungi species worldwide, allowing comparison between them. Moreover it was reported that cultivated and the wild samples of the same species have different chemical composition, including sugars, fatty acids and tocopherols profiles. PMID: 22056333 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419393 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419392&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056334%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Leino O, Kiviranta H, Karjalainen AK, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Sinkko H, Larsen EH, Virtanen S, Tuomisto JT Abstract Unborn children are exposed to environmental pollutants via the placenta, and there is a causal relationship between maternal intake of pollutants and fetal exposure. Placental examination is an effective way for acquiring data for estimating fetal exposure. We analyzed the concentrations of 104 congeners of persistent organic pollutants, seven organotin compounds, five heavy metals, and methylmercury in 130 randomly selected placentas. Additionally, we examined similarities between pollutant concentrations by analyzing correlations between their placental concentrations. Our results yield new information for conducting contaminant risk assessments for the prena... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419392 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419391&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056335%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the MeOH:water (80:20) extract from lemon seed has potent antioxidant activity and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, leading to the inhibition of proliferation. These results suggest that aglycones and glucosides of the limonoids and flavonoid present in MeOH:water (80:20) extract may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for breast cancer. PMID: 22056335 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419391 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419390&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056336%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yan Y, Yang JY, Mou YH, Wang LH, Zhou YN, Wu CF Abstract Previous studies have shown that ethanol induces oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes. In the present study, protective effect of resveratrol and ascorbic acid on ethanol-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro were comparatively investigated. Pretreatments with resveratrol at 5, 25, and 50μM, which were in the concentration range of in vitro research, significantly inhibited ethanol-induced oxidative DNA damage in 24h, whereas ascorbic acid showed such DNA protective activity only in 1h. Further study showed that both compounds could directly scavenge hydroxyl radical produced during ethanol metabolism. Resveratrol significantly inhibited ethanol metabolism by regulatin... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419390 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5419389&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056337%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on the hippocampus of suckling rats in the presence of lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received treatment with drinking water, divided into three groups, as follows: (1) distilled water; (2) 0.2% Pb; (3) 0.2% Pb+ascorbic acid (100mg/kg/day). Rat pups were euthanized at the age of 21days and their brain tissue was examined using light microscopy. Protein levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus were determined by Western blotting. We found a significant decrease in levels of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD among Pb-exposed pups. Ascorbic acid supplementation appeared to negate the decrease in protein levels for Cu/Zn SOD and... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5419389 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5419389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379489&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041523%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, it can be assumed that high concentrations of EEP have a cyto and genotoxic effect, in vitro, for human peripheral lymphocytes. PMID: 22041523 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology) Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379489 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379487&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051185%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sahreen S, Khan MR, Khan RA Abstract Carissa opaca fruit constitutes flavonoids possessing antioxidant activities. Effect of methanolic extract of C. opaca fruit (MFC) and its derived fractions; n-hexane (HFC), ethyl acetate (EFC), chloroform (CFC), butanol (BFC) and aqueous extract (AFC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) induced nephrotoxicity was studied. Intraperitoneal dose of 20% CCl(4) (0.5ml/kgbw) was administered twice a week for 8 weeks to a group of rat. Other groups were given CCl(4) and various fractions of C. opaca fruit (200mg/kgbw). CCl(4) treatment depleted GSH contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes; CAT, POD, SOD, GST, GSR, GSH-Px, and QR in kidney samples. High level of renal lipid peroxides (TBARS), H(2)O(2), DNA injuries and histopathologica... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379487 Sun, 23 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379509&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036967%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of β,β,3-trimethyl-benzenepropanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. β,β,3-Trimethyl-benzenepropanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summar... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379509 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379492&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037236%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-benzylheptanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Benzylheptanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group C(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an ArC(R1)(R2)OH or ArAlkylC(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermato... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379492 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379491&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037237%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ban SJ, Rico CW, Um IC, Kang MY Abstract The effect of hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC), in comparison with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), on the body weight and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat diet was investigated. The animals were given normal control diet (NC group), high fat diet (HF group), or high fat diet supplemented with either HEMC (HF+HEMC group) or HPMC (HF+HPMC group) for 6weeks. At the end of the experimental period, both HF+HEMC and HF+HPMC groups showed reduced body weight, body fat, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol contents, atherogenic index and free fatty acid level, and increased HDL-cholesterol concentration relative to the HF group. The hypolipidemic effect was partly due to the inhibition of lipogenesis and regulation o... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379491 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379490&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22037238%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El Gendy MA, Soshilov AA, Denison MS, El-Kadi AO Abstract Dioxins are known to cause several human cancers through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Harmaline and harmalol are β-carboline compounds present in several medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala. We have previously demonstrated the ability of P. harmala extract to inhibit TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 in murine hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of harmaline and its main metabolite, harmalol, on dioxin-mediated induction of CYP1A1 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Our results showed that harmaline and harmalol at concentrations of (0.5-12.5μM) significantly inhibited the dioxin-induced CYP1A1 at mRNA, protein and activity levels in a concentr... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379490 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379497&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036979%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khan AQ, Khan R, Qamar W, Lateef A, Ali F, Tahir M, Muneeb-U-Rehman , Sultana S Abstract Polyphenols are the abundant micronutrient in our diet and attention has been given to them for the prevention of degenerative diseases. Since over production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokine are often act as the triggers for the promotion stage of carcinogenesis by transcriptional up-regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cycloxygenage-2 (COX-2). We investigated the protective effects of caffeic acid (CA) on 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced oxidative and inflammatory responses, expression of NF-κB and COX-2 in mouse skin. Animals were given pre-treatment of CA at two different doses 10μmol (D1) and 20μmol (D2)/0.2ml of acetone 30min prior to each TPA (1... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379497 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379495&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036981%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Theobald C, Chatterjee A, Horgan G Abstract Many dietary consumption variables show strong positive skewness or large proportions of zeros. Attempts to normalize such data using transformations such as powers and logarithms can be unsuccessful: this results in poor estimates of their probability distributions, and hence of the proportions of the population whose consumption is beyond recommended limits. As an alternative to such transformations, the use of finite mixtures of standard distributions offers flexible modeling of data having skewed or multi-modal distributions, such as data on dietary consumption. In many dietary studies, individuals are asked to report their consumptions on several days. The use of finite-mixture models for such repeated data requires generali... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379495 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379493&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036983%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α,α,4-trimethylphenethyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. α,α,4-Trimethylphenethyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a tertiary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of a... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379493 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379488&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Belsito D, Bickers D, Bruze M, Calow P, Dagli ML, Fryer AD, Greim H, Miyachi Y, Saurat JH, Sipes IG, Api AM Abstract The aryl alkyl alcohol (AAA) fragrance ingredients are a diverse group of chemical structures with similar metabolic and toxicity profiles. The AAA fragrances demonstrate low acute and subchronic dermal and oral toxicity. No carcinogenicity in rats or mice was observed in 2-year chronic testing of benzyl alcohol or α-methylbenzyl alcohol; the latter did induce species and gender-specific renal adenomas in male rats at the high dose. There was no to little genotoxicity, mutagenicity, or clastogenicity in the mutagenic in vitro bacterial assays, and in vitro mammalian cell assays. All in vivo micronucleus assays were negative. NOAELs for maternal and developm... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379488 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379526&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of p-isopropylbenzyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. p-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all availab... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379526 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379525&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033087%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-(4-methylphenoxy)ethanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all avail... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379525 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379524&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033088%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α-methylbenzyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. α-Methylbenzyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a secondary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379524 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379523&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033089%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a tertiary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar(_)Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicol... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379523 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379522&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033090%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a secondary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology a... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379522 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379521&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033091%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 3-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all availab... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379521 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379520&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033092%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-methyl-5-phenylpentanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Methyl-5-phenylpentanol is a member of the fragrance structural group aryl alkyl alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all availab... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379520 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379519&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α,α-dimethylphenethyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. α,α-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a tertiary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary o... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379519 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379518&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xu R, Ye H, Sun Y, Tu Y, Zeng X Abstract In the present study, the crude polysaccharides from the flowers of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) (TFPS) were prepared with hot water and further fractionated on a DEAE-52 cellulose chromatography to afford three purified fractions of TFPS-1, TFPS-2 and TFPS-3. Then, their preliminary structures, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro and hepatoprotective activity in vivo were investigated. Compared with TFPS-2 and TFPS-3, TFPS-1 had relative higher content of sulfate and relative complicated monosaccharide composition. In addition, TFPS-1 and TFPS-3 showed relative stronger antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity on the growth of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. For hepatoprotective activity in vivo, we demonstrated ... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379518 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379517&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of β-methylphenethyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. β-Methylphenethyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all avail... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379517 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379516&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033096%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of p-tolyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. p-Tolyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and de... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379516 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379515&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of anisyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Anisyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and derm... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379515 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379514&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of α-propylphenethyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. α-Propylphenethyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a secondary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all ava... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379514 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379513&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-phenyl-2-propanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a tertiary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicolo... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379513 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379512&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22033100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of β-methoxy-benzeneethanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. β-methoxy-benzeneethanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxico... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379512 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379511&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036965%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenylpropanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group -C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar-Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379511 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379510&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036966%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Arnal N, Tacconi de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA Abstract The effect of the simultaneous exposure to transition metals and natural antioxidants frequently present in food is a question that needs further investigation. We aimed to explore the possible use of the natural polyphenols caffeic acid (CA), resveratrol (RES) and curcumin (CUR) to prevent damages induced by copper-overload on cellular molecules in HepG2 and A-549 human cells in culture. Exposure to 100μM/24h copper (Cu) caused extensive pro-oxidative damage evidenced by increased TBARS, protein carbonyls and nitrite productions in both cell types. Damage was aggravated by simultaneous incubation with 100μM of CA or RES, and it was also reflected in a decrease on cellular viability explored by trypan blue dye exclusion te... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379510 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5379508&cid=s_35573_143_f&fid=35573&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036968%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scognamiglio J, Jones L, Letizia CS, Api AM Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 2-p-tolylethanol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 2-p-tolylethanol is a member of the fragrance structural group Aryl Alkyl Alcohols and is a primary alcohol. The AAAs are a structurally diverse class of fragrance ingredients that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols covalently bonded to an aryl (Ar) group, which may be either a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring. The common structural element for the AAA fragrance ingredients is an alcohol group-C-(R1)(R2)OH and generically the AAA fragrances can be represented as an Ar-C-(R1)(R2)OH or Ar(_)Alkyl-C-(R1)(R2)OH group. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and... Food and Chemical Toxicology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5379508 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5379508