MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Forensic Science International' source. Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:51:30 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287421&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073810000484%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287421 Fri, 19 Feb 2010 16:34:38 +0100 3287421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287425&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005246%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Differentiation between external contamination and incorporation of drugs or their metabolites from inside the body via blood, sweat or sebum is a general issue in hair analysis and of high concern when interpreting analytical results. In hair analysis for cannabinoids the most common target is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), sometimes cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are determined additionally. After repeated external contamination by cannabis smoke these analytes are known to be found in hair even after performing multiple washing steps. A widely accepted strategy to unequivocally prove active cannabis consumption is the analysis of hair extracts for the oxidative metabolite 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH). Although the acidic nature of this metabolite suggests a lower r... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287425 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287426&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005386%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The authors present 3 cases that demonstrate a return to DFC following periods of inactivity. The offences occurred in Paris and its suburbs and in each of the cases there were two distinct periods of activity by the offenders with 2, 8 and 22 victims attributed to each of the perpetrators.To 20mg of decontaminated and cut hair, 100pg/mg of clonazepam-d4 was added as internal standard. Hair specimens were extracted with CH2Cl2/ether after incubation overnight at 56°C in pH 7.6 buffer. Extractions were performed on blood and urine using Toxi-tube A® with 5ng/mL of clonazepam-d4. The residues were analyzed by LC–ESI-MS/MS. Calibration curves in blood and urine (0.5–500ng/mL) were prepared by spiking aliquots of blank fluids (r2>0.9816 for all drugs). LOD in body fluids ranged... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287426 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216169&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073810000149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216169 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 17:08:56 +0100 3216169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287447&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005337%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: On March 2007, a police officer (46-year-old man) and a clerk (37-year-old woman) were arrested and subjected to investigation on the charges of drugs of abuse trafficking. The loving couple was exploiting their administrative positions to make money with the resale of seized drugs. The laboratory was requested to analyse their hair for drugs of abuse. Hair of the 2 subjects tested positive for heroin by GC–MS. A few days later, analysis of hair obtained from 11 other police officers of the same unit was requested, in order to compare the results, as external contamination was proposed to account for the positive results. The aim of the investigations was to demonstrate that passive contamination could not occur for persons dealing every day with drugs of abuse with minimal cau... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287447 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287435&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005398%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report the excretion profile of MHP and its metabolite ritalinic acid (RA) in oral fluid and sweat from a 12-year-old boy treated with the extended release drug formulation.Concentrations of MPH and RA in oral fluid, sweat and plasma were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Oral fluid-to-plasma ratio at each time interval was calculated at the start of the treatment and correlated with salivary pH. Excretion of MPH in sweat patches, collected up to 24h with PharmChek patches was also investigated.MPH and RA were both detected in oral fluid with a pharmacokinetic profile similar to that in plasma. Oral fluid peak concentrations of MPH ranged between 13.5 and 30.9ng/mL at 3.0h after drug intake. Oral fluid-to-plasma MPH ratio between 13.1 and 3.2 demonstrated an accumul... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287435 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287430&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005416%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hair analyses for exogenous compounds, specifically drugs of abuse, have been a useful tool in detecting long-term drug exposure. More recently, studies have delved into the exposure of endogenous compounds in hair.Cortisol is synthesized in the adrenal cortex in response to stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. While catecholamines generally indicate acute stress, cortisol can be used as an indicator for sub-acute and chronic stress.Studies on the effects of chronic stress are most often subjective in nature, relying on questionnaires asking the participant to recall on past stressors. This can lead to the issue of recall and reporting bias. A new objective measure of chronic stress is needed for a more accurate understanding of the effe... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287430 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287445&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005489%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The recent introduction of buprenorphine use by the Drug Addiction Services has induced toxicology laboratories to develop new qualitative or semiquantitative screening assay for its determination in hair samples. The aim of this preliminary study was to verify the correlation between the buprenorphine intake and the immunometric screening test results (VMA-T Comedical and buprenorphine CEDIA/Thermo-Fisher/Microgenics reagents) and therefore their comparison with the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results. Hair samples were obtained from 32 subjects without buprenorphine-therapy reported and 17 in treatment. In glass test tube with hermetic cap were weighed 33mg of 49 finely cut hair samples, washed with 1mL of SLV-VMA-T washing solution, which is th... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287445 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287437&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900526X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A semi-quantitative analytical screening procedure for the determination of cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hair has been developed. The procedure employs an aqueous extraction buffer, uses only 10mg of hair, requires 2h of incubation for the extraction to occur, and multiple drug classes can be screened using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Hair calibration standards were prepared around the recommended cut-off concentrations of the Society of Hair Testing. All drug classes showed excellent linearity over the concentration range tested, indicating that immunochemical screening can be used in a semi-quantitative mode for hair analysis using an aqueous buffer, rapid extraction and a small amount of hair. (Source: Forensic Science Internation... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287437 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287436&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005477%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Compared with conventional methods, this method of detection for opiates is fast, simple, and accurate, with the sensitivity and specificity required in forensic and clinical toxicology. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287436 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287427&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005404%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Drug testing in hair usually requires a rather complex sample treatment before drugs are amenable to analysis by either immunological and/or chromatographic coupled to mass spectrometry methods. Immunological methods applied are usually dedicated to hair analysis as analytes present in this matrix are not always the same present in urine. Comedical s.a.s. laboratories recently commercialized reagents (VMA-T) purposely designed for hair sample treatment which are compatible with current immunometric methods used for urine drug testing. This is possible as some analytes (6-MAM and cocaine) present in hair after sample treatment are converted to those detected in urine (morphine and benzoylecgonine). A correlation study for several drug classes performed in two laboratories with 32 ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287427 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287439&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005271%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: 11-Nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (THC-COOEt) can be presumed to be a mixed metabolite formed during combined consumption of cannabinoids and alcohol. In order to examine this hypothesis, THC-COOEt and its deuterated analogue D3-THC-COOEt were synthesized as reference substance and internal standard from the corresponding carboxylic acids and diazoethane and methods were developed for the sensitive detection of THC-COOEt in plasma and hair based on gas chromatography–electron impact mass spectrometry after silylation with N-methyl-N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide and gas chromatography–negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) as well as tandem mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS-MS) after derivatization with pentafluoropropio... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287439 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287429&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005258%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neonatal hair is a clinically important toxicological matrix, as it allows determination of in utero drug exposure. This paper serves to review the physiological development of the hair follicle and hair production during fetal life. An understanding of the mechanisms and timing of hair development in the prenatal period is critical to effectively assessing the time window of exposure determination associated with toxicological analysis of neonatal hair. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287429 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216200&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004289%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Intoxication with antidepressants should not be excluded a priori in a hypothermic patient who displays other clinical signs of the said intoxication. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216200 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216193&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004897%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Because of the increasing lack of recent bone collections, ethical issues concerning maceration procedures, and progress in radiological imaging techniques, computed tomography (CT) scans offer an alternative to traditional anthropological bone collection. The present study examined volume-rendered cranial CT (CCT) scans from 50 crania to morphologically evaluate sex characteristics. CCT scans were performed and scored by two teams (Teams A and B) of two examiners each (2×50=100 examinations) to evaluate the occurrence and/or absence of morphological traits. Altogether, 60 of 100 crania (31 Team A+29 Team B) crania were determined to be male, and 40 (19 Team A+21 Team B) were determined to be female when using the scoring system adapted from Knussmann. These results imply a sex ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216193 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287446&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005441%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study reports on the development, validation and application of a new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC–MS/MS) method for the analysis of EtG in meconium and hair. For each matrix, the sample preparation and the chromatographic separation were thoroughly optimised. Additionally, experiments with reversed-phase liquid chromatography were also performed in the development stages. Analyses were carried out using a Phenomenex Luna HILIC column (150mm×3mm, 5μm) and a mobile phase composed by ammonium acetate 2mM and acetonitrile, in gradient. Different SPE cartridges (Oasis MAX, Oasis WAX, aminopropyl silica) and solvents were tested in order to obtain the highest recoveries and cleanest extracts. Optimal results were obtained for meconium ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287446 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287444&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005301%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, FAEE in hair appeared to be suitable markers for the detection of excessive drinking. However, as there is no proportionality between drinking amount and CFAEE, the additional use of other markers can increase the reliability of the interpretation. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287444 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287443&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005295%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study the combined use of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) for diagnoses of chronically excessive alcohol abuse is investigated at 174 hair samples from driving ability examination, workplace testing and child custody cases for family courts and evaluated with respect to the basics of interpretation. Using the cut-off values of 0.50ng/mg for FAEE and 25pg/mg for EtG, both markers were in agreement in 75% of the cases with 103 negative and 28 positive results and there were 30 cases with FAEE positive and EtG negative and 13 cases with FAEE negative and EtG positive. As the theoretical basis of interpretation, the pharmacokinetics of FAEE and EtG is reviewed for all steps between drinking of ethanol to incorporation in hair with particular attention to rela... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287443 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287441&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005350%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: It is important that variations in drug metabolism during pregnancy be considered as these changes may necessitate a dosage adjustment to ensure that therapeutic failure does not occur during pregnancy. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287441 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287440&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005283%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An UPLC–TOF-MS method for simultaneous screening and quantification of 52 drugs in hair was developed and validated. The selected drugs represent the most common classes of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse such as amphetamines, analgesics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, cocaine, ketamine and opioids. Hair samples were extracted with methanol:acetonitrile:ammonium formate (2mM, 8% acetonitrile, pH 5.3) overnight at 37°C. The target drugs were separated and quantified using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC coupled to a Waters Micromass LCT Premier XE Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer. Total chromatographic run time was 17min. The data were treated with the MassLynx software ChromaLynx XS and QuanLynx for automated identification and quantification, respectively. The lim... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287440 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287424&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005234%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair is a powerful tool for chronic alcohol abuse control because of the typical wide detection window of the hair matrix and due to the possibility of segmentation, allowing evaluation of alcohol consumption in different periods. Additionally, EtG in hair is often the only diagnostic parameter of choice for alcohol abuse when other clinical parameters such as ALT, AST, γGT and CDT (asialotransferrin and disialotransferrin) are in the normal range and EtG in urine negative. In this paper, we describe the development, optimization and validation of a new method based on hair extraction with water, clean-up by solid phase extraction (SPE), derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287424 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216186&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004800%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Large-scale blind testing of forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) has shown that authorship opinions on disguised and simulated signatures attract higher misleading and inconclusive rates than genuine signatures do. To test whether this is due to the failure of FHEs to detect the indicators of disguise/simulation behaviours we examined their opinions regarding the ‘process of production’ (which in this case was a choice between written naturally or written using a disguise/simulation strategy) of the questioned disguised and simulated signatures in blinded skill testing trials. The relationship between their process opinions and authorship opinions is then assessed. It was found that the majority of the inconclusive authorship opinions for both disguised and simulated signat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216186 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287442&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005428%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We investigated acute and chronic exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a cohort of young adolescents using urinary cotinine and hair nicotine testing after recent implementation of Italian smoke free legislation.Study subjects were 372 Italian young adolescents, between 10 and 16 years of age from the principal city of Sicily, Palermo. Urine and hair samples were collected between November 2005 and May 2006, when the legislation to ban smoking in all the enclosed places of employment (including bars, restaurants, pubs) was completely enforced. An exhaustive questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and active and passive exposure to cigarette smoking was completed. Urinary cotinine was analyzed by radioimmunoassay and hair nicotine by a validated GC/MS ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287442 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287438&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005362%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, these data show that meconium is so far the best matrix in evaluating intrauterine exposure to ethanol, with EtG and EtS being potentially good alternative biomarkers to FAEEs. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287438 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287434&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005374%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: When being convicted for petty drug offence or driving under the influence of drugs in Sweden, the driving license may be suspended. To regain the license, the person has to prove that he or she has been drug free during an observation period. This is controlled by urine samples taken at several occasions. However, the risk of manipulation and the risk of false negative urine samples are high. In addition, many people find it difficult or embarrassing to urinate when observed. Hair sampling might therefore be a welcome option to this procedure, with its easy sampling and minimal risk of manipulation. The longer detection window may also provide better information to the physician. The aim of this work was to evaluate if clients preferred hair samples to urine and to investigate p... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287434 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287433&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005349%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Methadone is not licensed for use in children though it can be employed for the management of neonatal opiate withdrawal syndrome. During the last 2 years, our laboratory has been asked to test for methadone and EDDP, its major metabolite, in hair from children that were admitted to hospital unconscious and where methadone had already been identified in a body fluid (4 cases) or where the children were deceased and evidence of methadone overdosage having already been established (2 cases). In all of these cases, segmental analysis revealed approximately the same amount of drug along the hair lock. As a consequence, contamination was considered as an issue and interpretation of the results was a challenge that deserves particular attention.After decontamination with dichloromethan... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287433 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287432&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005465%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of five psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives (amphetamine, AP; methamphetamine, MA; 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, MDA; 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA; norketamine, NKT) in human hair. Hair samples (10mg) were washed with distilled water and acetone, mechanically pulverized for 1.5min with a bead mill, and then incubated in 1mL of methanol under ultrasonication at 50°C for 1h. The resulting solutions were evaporated to dryness, derivatized using heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) at 50°C for 30min, and analyzed by GC–MS. The linear ranges were 0.1–20.0ng/mg for AP and MA and 0.05–20.0ng/mg for MDA, MDMA, and NKT, with the coefficients of determinatio... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287432 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287428&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900543X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Drug abuse is a worldwide phenomenon with significant health and socioeconomic impact and it is of particular concern in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of drug use by serum and hair testing in a cohort of pregnant women at 12th week gestation who decided voluntarily to interrupt their pregnancy and to investigate the relationship between drug exposure and induced abortions (IA), repeated IA and contraception. The study was conducted in an obstetrics clinic authorised to perform IA in Murcia, Spain during an 18 months period (2007–2009).Apart from serum and/or hair testing, the 142 women enrolled in the study completed a detailed questionnaire regarding drug, alcohol and tobacco use in the previous 3 months. Serum and hair... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287428 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287423&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005325%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Alcohol is a legal compound in many countries and is consumed in much higher amounts in comparison to other drugs of abuse and by a much higher portion of the population. Compared to other substances, the detection of chronic excessive alcohol consumption by hair analysis has some specific characteristics. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287423 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287422&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005313%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Given the limitations of self-reports on drug use, testing for drugs of abuse is important for most clinical and forensic toxicological situations, both for assessing the reality of the intoxication and for evaluation of the level of drug impairment. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287422 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216192&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004873%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the intrathrombotic collagen contents and the appearance of hemosiderin-positive cells, neovessels, and myofibroblasts in a stasis-induced venous thrombosis model. The intrathrombotic collagen deposition area occupied about 20% at 5 days, and exceeded 80% at 21 days after ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Hemosiderin-positive cells in the thrombus first appeared at 3 days in only one of the five samples, and positive cells were constantly detected in all thrombi at 5 days or later. CD31-positive neovessels in the thrombus first appeared at 5 days in one of five samples and were detected in all samples after 10 days. At 7 days, αSMA-positive myofibroblasts at the periphery of the thrombus first appeared i... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216192 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287431&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005453%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We describe the development and validation of a method for the quantification of drugs of abuse, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), in human placenta. Concentration ranges covered were 5–500ng/g for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, methadone, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, morphine, 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, nicotine, and cotinine. Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecisions were less than 15.7% for lower quality control samples and less than 14.9% for medium and high quality control samples. Recovery range was 36.2–83.7%. Placenta samples were kept at −80°C until analysis; analytes were stable after three freeze–thaw cycles (samples stored at −20°C). This accurate and precise assay has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287431 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216195&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004927%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Hallucinogenic mushrooms (e.g. Psilocybe and Panaeolus species) as well as leaves and young shoots of the khat tree (Catha edulis Forsk) are illicit drugs in many countries. The exact concentration of the hallucinogenic alkaloids psilocin and psilocybin in mushrooms and the sympathomimetic alkaloids cathinone and cathine in khat is usually essential for jurisdiction. Facing an increasing number of mushroom and khat seizures by German customs authorities, a convenient comprehensive quantitative HPLC method based on cation-exchange liquid chromatography for these rather “exotic” drugs has been developed which avoids time-consuming multi-step sample preparation or chemical derivatization procedures. Using this method a number of different hallucinogenic fungi species and product... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216195 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216194&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004903%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Dividing the drug concentration in oral fluid by the OF/B regression coefficient gave an acceptable estimation of high blood drug concentrations in a population, and may therefore give valuable additional information on possible drug impairment, e.g. in roadside surveys of drugs and driving. If good data on the distribution of OF/B ratios are available, a Monte Carlo simulation may give better accuracy. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216194 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3216194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216190&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900485X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Currently, in the field of odor detection, there is generally a wider variation in limit of detections (LODs) for canines than instruments. The study presented in this paper introduces an improved protocol for the creation of controlled odor mimic permeation system (COMPS) devices for use as standards in canine training and discusses the canine detection thresholds of piperonal, a starting material for the illicit drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), when exposed to these devices. Additionally, this paper describes the first-ever reported direct comparison of solid phase microextraction–ion mobility spectrometry (SPME–IMS) to canine detection for the MDMA odorant, piperonal. The research presented shows the reliability of COMPS devices as low cost field calibrants p... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216190 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216177&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004654%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We investigated the time taken by blowflies to find and oviposit on fresh carcasses placed outdoors and indoors. Paired dead piglets, one in the open and the other in a nearby room (on the first floor of an occupied, detached, suburban house near Cologne, Germany, with a window opened 9 cm) were exposed simultaneously on nine occasions. The species visiting both locations and the number of egg batches deposited by blowflies between both locations were monitored 2, 8, 24 and 48h after exposure. In all cases the indoor piglet carcass was exclusively infested by Calliphora vicina; only in one case, on a very hot day after a 48-h exposure did Lucilia sericata infest an indoor carcass. The outdoor piglets were infested by a variety of common corpse-visiting species: L. sericata, L. ca... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216177 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216191&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004861%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The hairy maggot blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has expanded its range in the United States since its introduction into Texas (ca. 1980) and has been collected in 15 states. We investigated the bionomics of immature and adult C. rufifacies collected from carcasses of a raccoon Procyon lotor (Linnaeus) and white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman in Upstate South Carolina during November 2007, and used these insects to estimate the minimum period of insect activity. Puparia of C. rufifacies were collected from deer carrion; 28% were parasitized by Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The mean daily ambient temperature during this study was 11.4±1.02°C, representing the lowest recorded mean temperature for adult ac... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216191 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216188&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004824%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Incorporating geophysical technologies into forensic investigations has become a growing practice. Oftentimes, forensic professionals rely on basic metal detectors to assist their efforts during metallic weapons searches. This has created a need for controlled research in the area of weapons searches, specifically to formulate guidelines for geophysical methods that may be appropriate for locating weapons that have been discarded or buried by criminals attempting to conceal their involvement in a crime. Controlled research allows not only for testing of geophysical equipment, but also for updating search methodologies.This research project was designed to demonstrate the utility of an all-metal detector for locating a buried metallic weapon through detecting and identifying speci... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216188 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216187&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004812%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A primary concern with the forensic analysis of the khat plant (Catha edulis) has been the need to preserve the principle psychoactive component, cathinone, which converts to the less-active substance, cathine, after harvesting. The loss of cathinone has serious legal implications since it is a Schedule I controlled substance under federal regulations in the United States, while cathine is Schedule IV. A common misconception is that cathinone is highly unstable once the plant is harvested, and may be undetectable upon drying and prolonged storage. However, drying the plant material will preserve cathinone. Numerous seizures of a dried form of khat (referred to as “graba” in the United States) have been made in recent years, suggesting that drying the plant material is a viabl... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216187 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120257&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809005027%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120257 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 16:01:32 +0100 3120257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216189&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004836%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Bayesian statistics was applied to a small sample database of the tensile properties of five different brands of writing paper which were perceptibly similar. The measured parameters in the database were found to overlap for the five brands. This posed a limitation to the application of the classical approach for “match” or “no match”. It was found that using Bayesian statistics for source correspondence, a mere 2–3 measurements corresponding to a particular brand raised the probabilities associated with that brand to as high a 72% and eliminating a couple of brands. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216189 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216185&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004794%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study explores the applicability of biomolecular techniques on empty puparia and their fragments for identification purposes. A total of 63 empty puparia of necrophagous Diptera resulting from forensic casework were examined. Samples were divided into three groups according to size, type and time of eclosion in order to verify whether the physical characteristics and puparia weathering can influence the amount of DNA extraction. The results suggest that a reliable genetic identification of forensically important flies may also be performed from empty puparia and/or their fragments. However, DNA degradation can deeply compromise the genetic analysis since the older the fly puparia, the smaller are the amplified fragments. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216185 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216184&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004769%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Minimally invasive autopsy is a feasible approach, yielding accurate findings when compared with conventional autopsies. The former can be a valuable tool for obtaining more valuable information in situations when the next-of-kin of the deceased does not consent to a conventional autopsy. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216184 Fri, 25 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216182&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004733%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The substituted benzylpiperazine, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (3,4-MDBP) and its regioisomer 2,3-methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (2,3-MDBP) have almost identical mass spectra. Perfluoroacylation of the secondary amine nitrogen of these regioisomeric piperazines gave mass spectra with differences in relative abundance of some fragment ions. However the spectra did not yield any unique fragments for specific identification of one regioisomer to the exclusion of the other compound.Gas chromatographic separation coupled with infrared detection (GC–IRD) provides direct confirmatory data for structural differentiation between the two regioisomers. The mass spectrum in combination with the vapor-phase infrared spectrum provides for specific confirmation of each of the regioisome... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216182 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216178&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900468X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Introduction: Following a mass disaster, the aim of the Disaster Victim Identification process is to establish the identity of the victims. The ageing screening process on victims in Victoria may now be complemented with the use of computerized tomography (CT), where previously any dental ageing analysis was performed using conventional radiographs.The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of age estimation using the dental ageing method proposed by Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (MFH) using CT images. Intra- and inter-rater variability between two raters, one experienced and one inexperienced, was also assessed.Materials and methods: The two raters were blinded to the ages of 96 deceased Australian children aged up to 15 years. Using three-dimensional (3D) shaded surface disp... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216178 Mon, 21 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216205&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004770%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The authors regret there was a typographical error in Table 3 of the above article. The Group 3 median lactate value at 14min should be 14.5mmol/L and not 19.5mmol/L as shown. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216205 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216183&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004757%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Restoration of obliterated engraved marks on high strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy (AA7010) surfaces by etching technique was studied. The alloy surfaces were mechanically engraved with some identification marks using “Gravograph”. The marks were then erased by removing the metal to different levels up to and below the depth of engraving. Five metallographic reagents were tested on the obliterated surfaces by etching. The following two methods (i) immersion in 10% aq. phosphoric acid and (ii) alternate swabbing of 60% HCl and 40% NaOH were found to be quite effective to reveal the obliterated marks. These two procedures were also able to show effectively the marks obliterated by over-engraving and centre punching. Of the two techniques immersion in phosphoric acid provided mo... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216183 Fri, 18 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216176&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004630%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The insect fauna of pig carcasses was monitored in different seasons and forests of Western Poland (Central Europe). The composition of carrion fauna and selected features of residency in carrion in adults and larvae of particular taxa were analysed. A total of 131 adult and 36 larval necrophilous taxa were collected. Only 51 adult species and 24 larval taxa were minimally abundant (≥10 specimens) at least on one carcass. As for the composition of carrion fauna, there were large differences between seasons, but no important differences between forest types.In most species of Diptera, length of the presence period of adults was between 35 and 65% of the sampling interval, while in most species of Coleoptera, it was above 60%. Only in a few species (e.g., Saprinus semistriatus, N... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216176 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216199&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004678%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Four typical soils of the Porto (Portugal) area were characterized and used to study the decomposition of buried pieces of pork meat under controlled laboratory experiments (an 8 month experiment with a relatively high soil moisture and a 1 month experiment with relatively low soil moisture). The soils types were: organic, sandy, gravel and clay-gravel soils. Soils were characterized for their grain size distribution, pH, water content, organic matter percentage and mineral composition. Four free fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, oleic and stearic) were analysed (using a methodology based on an extraction step followed by a derivatization reaction and high performance liquid chromatography analysis) in soil samples as a sign of adipocere formation. The direct sensorial analysis of... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216199 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216198&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004642%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims at revealing the problem and hopefully may provide some food for thought for forensic pathologists, anthropologists and odontologists so that they may focus on this issue and on possible solutions in their countries. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216198 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216181&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004721%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of buprenorphine (BUP), norbuprenorphine (NBUP), buprenorphine-3-β-d-glucuronide (BUPG) and norbuprenorphine-3-β-d-glucuronide (NBUPG) in serum samples was developed and validated. Pre-treatment of BUP and NBUP was by liquid–liquid extraction, while glucuronides were favourably isolated by solid phase extraction. Separation in 2 separate runs (2× 5min) was achieved using isocratic elution. The method was applied to 20 authentic serum specimens collected for law enforcement purposes where BUP intake had been indicated. The parent drug was not detectable in half of the specimens at a lower limit of detection of 0.2ng/mL, whereas NBUP could be determined from any sample but ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216181 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216180&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900471X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study reports excretion amounts of these compounds for 96h following peroral injection to rats of 3mg/day and urine collection every 24h. Major metabolites were the same as for fentanyl, with approximately 24% of α-methylfentanyl excreted as nor-fentanyl and 15% as ω, ω-1 hydroxypropiony nor-fentanyl up to 72h post-injection. The novel metabolites were completely excreted within 48h of injection and composed 2–3% of the total metabolite pool. The major metabolite nor-fentanyl was detected up to 72h after injection. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216180 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216179&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004691%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report here a similar population genetic pattern for L. sericata in North America based on AFLP genotypes with 249 loci. A STRUCTURE analysis found no population structure on a geographic scale, and analysis of molecular variance found a moderate amount of variation attributed to samples (adults collected at the same bait at the same time, ΦSC=20%, P=0.001). A Mantel test found a negligible correlation between geographic and genetic distances (R2=0.0063, P=0.02). The mean relative relatedness coefficient for every sample was positive (mean R=0.2486±0.18). Gravid females in a sample, those likely to oviposit on the same corpse, showed a pattern of relatively high relatedness similar to the total survey. Therefore, this pattern of local relatedness is likely to occur with larvae in a co... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216179 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216197&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900454X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental patterns, which reflect a combination of dental states, can be quantified for human identification. However, the utility derived from the uniqueness of these patterns is limited by variations in oral health status related to population, age, and birth cohort. We analyzed dental pattern diversity from reference datasets that documented differences in oral health. Our analysis was based on full dentitions and partial dentitions available in forensic situations. To analyze the diversity of dental patterns, data from 3166 adults were extracted from the last 3 contemporary Spanish National Oral Health Examination Surveys, corresponding to the years 1993, 2000, and 2005. Each survey comprised 2 adult age groups (35–44 years and 65–... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216197 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216175&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004447%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This paper compares the use of ATR and transflection spectroscopic techniques for the qualitative analysis of psilocin extracted from hallucinogenic mushrooms and control spiked mushrooms. Both techniques gave comparable results and agreed with prior GC/MS analysis of the actual case samples. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216175 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120267&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The effects of dose–death interval on the detection of acute fentanyl exposure in fresh and decomposed skeletal tissues (marrow and bone), by automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are described. Rats (n=14) were administered fentanyl acutely at a dose of 0 (n=2) or 60μg/kg (n=12) by intraperitoneal injection, and euthanized within 20, 45, 135, or 225min. Femora and tibiae were extracted from the fresh corpses and marrow was isolated from the femoral and tibial medullary cavities. The remains were then allowed to decompose outdoors to the point of complete skeletonization, and vertebrae, pelvi and miscellaneous (humeri and scapulae) were recovered for analysis. In all cases, bones were cleaned in alkaline solution and then ground into a fine powder. Marrow was hom... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120267 Mon, 07 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120277&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004356%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In arson cases, the collection and detection of traces of ignitable liquids on a suspect's hands can provide information to a forensic investigation. Police forces currently lack a simple, robust, efficient and reliable solution to perform this type of swabbing.In this article, we describe a study undertaken to develop a procedure for the collection of ignitable liquid residues on the hands of arson suspects. Sixteen different collection supports were considered and their applicability for the collection of gasoline traces present on hands and their subsequent analysis in a laboratory was evaluated. Background contamination, consisting of volatiles emanating from the collection supports, and collection efficiencies of the different sampling materials were assessed by passive head... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120277 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216204&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004459%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Nicotine, a lipid-soluble alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of Nicotiana, is most frequently encountered in tobacco products for smoking, chewing or sniffing as well as in a limited number of pesticides. Though nicotine is one of the most toxic drugs of abuse, it has rarely led to fatalities. Sudden death can be caused by cardiovascular arrest, respiratory muscle paralysis and/or central respiratory failure. A 42-year-old man was found dead by his wife. He was lying on the floor, next to a box containing many empty bottles of beer and vodka. Some labeled chemical bottles found at the scene contained various substances, including nicotine and brucine. Gross examination of the organs at autopsy revealed no specific findings. The toxicological examination failed to disclose an... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216204 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216203&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004435%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Modern imaging technologies, such as computed tomography (CT) techniques, represent a great challenge in forensic pathology. The field of forensics has experienced a rapid increase in the use of these new techniques to support investigations on critical cases, as indicated by the implementation of CT scanning by different forensic institutions worldwide. Advances in CT imaging techniques over the past few decades have finally led some authors to propose that virtual autopsy, a radiological method applied to post-mortem analysis, is a reliable alternative to traditional autopsy, at least in certain cases. The authors investigate the occurrence and the causes of errors and mistakes in diagnostic imaging applied to virtual autopsy. A case of suicide by a gunshot wound was submitted ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216203 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216202&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004393%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This is a report of a case in which, for the first time, direct lightning strike had caused burn injuries associated with internal soft-tissue bruising and visceral injury subjacent to lac jewellery on the chest. The burn injury depicted a symmetrical pattern, which was almost 5 times larger than the size of the jewellery. Surprisingly, there was bruising of soft tissue beneath the burn, associated with extravasation of blood in anterior mediastinum, contusion of anterior border of lungs, contusion to heart and rent by burn to the blouse of the victim over the front and back, all in one line, showing very unusual injury of lightning strike. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216202 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216201&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004319%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In Penang, Malaysia, the Oriental and Afrotropical Megaselia curtineura (Brues) and the Oriental and Japanese Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz are reported from human corpses, these being the first reports of these species in such forensic cases. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216201 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216196&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004241%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Facial reconstruction is a technique used in forensic anthropology to estimate the appearance of the antemortem face from unknown human skeletal remains. This requires accurate skull assessment (for variables such as age, sex, and race) and soft tissue thickness data. However, the skull can provide only limited information, and further data are needed to reconstruct the face. The authors herein obtained further information from the skull in order to reconstruct the face more accurately. Skulls can be classified into three facial types on the basis of orthodontic skeletal classes (namely, straight facial profile, type I, convex facial profile, type II, and concave facial profile, type III). This concept was applied to facial tissue measurement and soft tissue depth was compared in... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216196 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216174&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004411%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An initial investigation of the application of laser scanning confocal microscopy to the examination of hairs and fibers has been conducted. This technique allows the production of virtual transverse and longitudinal cross-sectional images of a wide range of hairs and fibers. Special mounting techniques are not required; specimens that have been mounted for conventional microscopy require no further treatment. Unlike physical cross-sectioning, in which it is difficult to produce multiple cross-sections from a single hair or fiber and the process is destructive, confocal microscopy allows the examiner to image the cross-section at any point in the field of view along the hair or fiber and it is non-destructive. Confocal microscopy is a fluorescence-based technique. The images desc... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216174 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216173&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900440X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Human bone and teeth fragments can be useful evidence when found in crime scenes and/or mass burials sites. The elemental and isotopic composition of these samples can provide information about environmental exposure events and could also be used to distinguish different individuals. The development and application of robust analytical methods for the quantification of trace elements in these biological matrices may lead to a better understanding of the potential utility of these measurements in forensic analyses.In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of conducting quantitative analysis of trace metals found in bone remains and suggest a strategy to discriminate between individuals, based on this information. A LA-ICP-SF-MS method using non-matrix matched standard calibrat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216173 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120274&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004320%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present here a retrospective case series of DUIA offenders (N=40) in half of which there was supporting evidence of an after-drink (eye witness or police reports) and in the other half no such evidence existed apart from the suspect's admission. When there was supporting evidence of an after-drink, the UAC/BAC ratio for the first void was close to or less than unity (mean 1.04, median 1.08, range 0.54–1.21) and the UAC increased by 0.21g/L (range 0.02–0.57) between the two voids. Without any supporting evidence of post-offence drinking the mean UAC/BAC ratio was 1.46 (range 1.35–1.93) for the first void, verifying that absorption and distribution of alcohol in all body fluids and tissues was complete. In these cases, the UAC between successive voids decreased by 0.25g/L on average... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120274 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216170&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004423%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In general, the forensic evaluation of sharp force injuries in living and dead individuals follows the same morphologic principles. Still, there are some special features of sharp force injuries in the clinical context, which have to be considered as examination findings on the living are interpreted to differentiate between accidental origin, self-infliction or homicidal assault. These include the frequency and localization of defence injuries, injuries of the perpetrator, and artificial injuries, especially those inflicted for the purpose of insurance fraud. Characteristics and differential diagnoses of “clinical” sharp force injuries are surveyed in this article. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216170 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120258&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004368%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Emotional, physiological and physical stress is associated with increased rates of cerebrovascular events and sudden deaths. The pathophysiology of stress-induced cardiomyopathy is not well understood. Proposed mechanisms for catecholamine-mediated stunning in stress cardiomyopathy include epicardial vasospasm, microvascular dysfunction, hyperdynamic contractility with midventricular or outflow tract obstruction, and direct effects of catecholamines on cardiomyocytes. Studies show evidence of significant heritable influences on individual responses to adrenergic stimulation. Data from such studies may be of help for a more accurate comprehension of clinical and morphological alterations of the heart. Irrespective of the cause, patients with the classic stress-induced cardiomyopat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120258 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018745&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003636%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Facial impalement injuries involve the danger of diagnostic pitfalls. Even if the penetrating object extends into the cranial cavity, the clinical symptoms and the radiological signs may be uncharacteristic. In order to illustrate the diagnostic problems, two cases of accidental impalement are reported. In both of them, a wooden foreign body penetrated via the orbita into the cranium and remained undetected at first. Imaging by CT and MRI is presented and compared with regard to the respective diagnostic validity of these methods. Due to its specific anatomic configuration, the orbita constitutes a predilective pathway for low-velocity foreign bodies entering the skull. Based on the clinical data and the radiological findings, transorbital impalement wounds inflicted by wooden ob... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018745 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 16:14:04 +0100 3018745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018744&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003612%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Results presented in this paper demonstrate that time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) can be used for the analysis of ballpoint pen inks producing mass spectra that were highly characteristic of the constituent dyes and inorganic substances used in their formulations. Analysis was performed directly off the substrate (typically document paper) containing the ink with no interference from the background matrix. The resultant spectra were highly characteristic of the ink formulation and could be used to confidently discriminate between different inks. No extraction or complicated sample preparation was necessary which ensures the integrity of the document under examination. This is not only important in forensic applications but also indicates the potential for... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018744 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 16:14:04 +0100 3018744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018738&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004484%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018738 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 16:14:03 +0100 3018738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216172&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004381%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Forensic science is generally defined as the application of science to address questions related to the law. Too often, this view restricts the contribution of science to one single process which eventually aims at bringing individuals to court while minimising risk of miscarriage of justice. In order to go beyond this paradigm, we propose to refocus the attention towards traces themselves, as remnants of a criminal activity, and their information content. We postulate that traces contribute effectively to a wide variety of other informational processes that support decision making in many situations. In particular, they inform actors of new policing strategies who place the treatment of information and intelligence at the centre of their systems. This contribution of forensic sc... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216172 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216171&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900437X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Blunt (non-penetrating) aortic injuries, in which the arterial wall is damaged in the direction from the intima towards the adventitia, are most commonly the result of a traffic accident. The various forms of blunt aortic injuries, from limited laceration of the intima to complete transection of the aorta, depend on the morphological structure of the arterial wall and the strength of forces causing the trauma.An overview of the literature and medical documentation reveals that different terms, including tear, laceration, disruption, transection, rupture and pseudoaneurysm, are used to describe certain forms of traumatic aortic injuries, which can lead to misinterpretation of findings or diagnoses. We therefore, propose a classification that would enable uniform systematic screeni... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216171 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3216171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120268&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We demonstrate here that the RSID™-saliva test can be used as a test for human salivary α-amylase on samples routinely examined in forensic casework. We show that the RSID™-saliva test detects salivary α-amylase at lower concentrations than the Phadebas® Quantitative test, that the RSID™-saliva test does not cross-react with forensically important human fluids and that the RSID™-saliva test can be successfully integrated into the whole swab semen extraction method. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120268 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120282&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004216%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Cardiomyopathies are an important and heterogenous group of diseases. With the identification of several new disease entities over the past decade, advances in diagnosis and precise causation, some disease definitions have become outdated. The past decade has witnessed a rapid evolution of molecular genetics in cardiology, e.g. myocardial diseases (Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—HCM, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy—ARVCM) and channelopathies (Long QT syndrome—LQTS, Brugada syndrome—BrS, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia—CPVT and Short QT syndrome—SQTS) as diseases predisposing to potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Beside the detection of mutations in several genes, histological and immunohistochemical findings can point t... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120282 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120270&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004253%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we analyzed possible mutations of the RYR1 gene in 11 psychiatric patients suspected at autopsy to have died of NMS. All cases were suspected of having elevated body temperature at death, and their causes of death could not be determined by autopsy examinations. Two mutations (R4645Q and A612T) in the RYR1 gene were identified. The R4645Q mutation has previously been reported in MH patients, but five heterozygous mutations were also found in 400 Japanese control alleles. The other mutation was novel, and was not found in the same control alleles. The results of this study provide the first successful identification of RYR1 mutations in psychiatric patients suspected at autopsy of having died of NMS. However, the association between RYR1 gene mutations and cause of death in p... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120270 Fri, 20 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120276&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004344%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous qualification and quantification of methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AP), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-amphetamine (MDA), ketamine (KET) and norketamine (NKT) in fingernails. Fingernail samples (20mg) were washed with distilled water and methanol, digested with 1.0M sodium hydroxide at 95°C for 30min, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Extract solutions were evaporated to dryness, derivatized using heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) at 60°C for 30min, and analyzed by GC–MS. The linear ranges were 0.1–20.0ng/mg for AP, MDMA and NKT, 0.2–20.0ng/mg for MA and MDA, and 0.4–20.0ng/mg for KET, with the coefficients of determi... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120276 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120273&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004290%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In post-mortem work, blood is a potential source of external contamination of hair. The present study was carried out to investigate the amount of drug absorbed into hair which has been contaminated with blood containing either cocaine or BE. Solutions were prepared containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 3.0μg/mL of either cocaine or BE in human blood. Samples of approximately 3.2g of drug-free hair were contaminated by soaking in the blood solutions for 5min. They were then removed and left at room temperature. Approximately 0.5g of hair was collected from each of the blood soaked hair samples at 6h, 1, 2, 4 and 7 days after contamination. As each hair sample was collected it was shampoo-washed to prevent further drug absorption. Hair samples were analysed in triplicate using a ful... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120273 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120265&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004174%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In legal medicine the correct determination of the time of death is of utmost importance. Recent advances in estimating post-mortem interval (PMI) have made use of vitreous humour chemistry in conjunction with Linear Regression, but the results are questionable. In this paper we present PMICALC, an R code-based freeware package which estimates PMI in cadavers of recent death by measuring the concentrations of potassium ([K+]), hypoxanthine ([Hx]) and urea ([U]) in the vitreous humor using two different regression models: Additive Models (AM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which offer more flexibility than the previously used Linear Regression. The results from both models are better than those published to date and can give numerical expression of PMI with confidence intervals... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120265 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120275&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004332%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Identification of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) in five cases of intoxication using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of human urine is reported. A new water suppression technique PURGE (Presaturation Utilizing Relaxation Gradients and Echoes) was used. A calibration curve was obtained using spiked samples. The method gave a linear response (correlation coefficient of 0.992) over the range 0.01–1mg/mL. Subsequently, quantitation of the amount of MDMA present in the samples was performed. The benefit and reliability of NMR investigations of human urine for cases of intoxication with MDMA are discussed. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120275 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120269&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004228%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the influence of a possible contamination of the victim's clothing by gunpowder residue on the estimation of shooting distance. The study was focused on the scenario in which the contamination might be caused by the surface on which the shot victim could fall. Contamination of two types of textile was examined after contact with two types of surfaces. One round was fired above those surfaces (the line of firing parallel to the surface) prior to the contact. It was found that few gunpowder residue particles could be transferred to the clothing. These findings should be taken into account when interpreting results for shooting distance estimation in cases when a minute quantity of gunpowder residue particles is found around the bullet entrance hole. ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120269 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120272&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004277%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Pig carrion decomposition and insect succession were monitored in different seasons and forests of Central Europe. Pattern of decomposition as well as onset, duration and rate of decompositional processes were measured. Pattern of decomposition was the same in almost all cases with putrefaction, active and advanced decay. In the majority of carcasses active decay was driven by larvae of Calliphoridae with a clear seasonal shift in dominant taxa. However, in some spring, alder forest cases active decay was driven by larvae of Necrodes littoralis (Coleoptera: Silphidae). As a rule the mosaic decomposition was observed. In spring a significant delay in onset of all decompositional processes was found. Season significantly affected rate of active decay due to a much higher rate in su... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120272 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120271&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004265%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study is the first demonstration of the use of real-time RT-PCR to sensitively identify sweat among body-fluid stains, and it confirmed that dermcidin was an excellent marker for sweat identification. In addition, the usefulness of ELISA was also verified. Positive sweat identification using these assays is expected to assist forensic practice. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120271 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120264&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004162%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The methoxy methyl phenylacetones share an isobaric relationship (equivalent mass but different elemental composition) to the controlled precursor substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone; 3,4-MDP-2-P). The ten ring substituted methoxy methyl phenylacetones are resolved by capillary gas chromatography on a modified cyclodextrin stationary phase. All ten regioisomeric ketones eluted before the controlled precursor substance 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone. The vapor phase infrared spectra generated from the capillary column effluent clearly differentiated 3,4-MDP-2-P from the various methoxy methyl phenylacetones. Additionally the methoxy methyl phenylacetones provide unique individual infrared spectra. Infrared absorption frequencies and pat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120264 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120280&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003685%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims to offer an exploitable methodology for the modern medico-legal cases of small quantities of human bones of carbonised aspect. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120280 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120263&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004150%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: For 12 volunteers of a drinking experiment the concentration–time-courses of ethyl sulfate (EtS) and ethanol were simulated and fitted to the experimental data. The concentration–time-courses were described with the same mathematical model as previously used for ethyl glucuronide (EtG). The kinetic model based on the following assumptions and simplifications: a velocity constant kform for the first order formation of ethyl sulfate from ethanol and an exponential elimination constant kel. The mean values (and standard deviations) obtained for kform and kel were 0.00052h−1 (0.00014) and 0.561h−1 (0.131), respectively. Using the ranges of these parameters it is possible to calculate minimum and maximum serum concentrations of EtS based on stated ethanol doses and drinking ti... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120263 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120262&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous studies have documented gender-related differences in a number of aspects of the pharmacology of opiates, including their analgesic activity, stimulative properties and generation of physical dependence. The current experiments were carried out with the aim to examine whether male–female differences exist in the blood and brain levels of opiates attained after their intraperitoneal injection to male and female Wistar rats. The tests were performed 5, 15, 45 and 120min after the animal treatment with seized heroin. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed to quantitatively determine opiate alkaloids in blood and brain regions (known for their high concentration of μ-opiate receptors): cortex, brainstem, amygdala and basal ganglia. Maximal c... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120262 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120261&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004137%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Recently, different portable hand-held and battery-powered dental X-ray units have become available. Especially for forensic odontological purposes, they offer diverse advantages such as for use in disaster areas and crime-scene locations as also in autopsy rooms and mortuaries. For any application, the most important feature of these hand-held devices is the delivered image quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiographic image quality acquired by two portable X-ray devices in combination with two types of image receptors and to compare the findings with the image quality of a standard intra-oral X-ray device.Eleven samples consisting of eight teeth, two dry skeletal specimens and one formalin-fixed mandible part were mounted on blocks for standardised (re)position... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120261 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120266&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004186%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The electron ionization (EI) of aromatic ring-substituted isomers gives virtual identical mass spectra which seriously affects their analysis. Especially regioisomeric meta- and para-ring-substituted compounds cannot show any ortho-effect reactions making their differentiation by mass spectrometry impossible. Furthermore o-, m- and p-substituted compounds can only be separated insufficiently by chromatography due to their very similar retention that do not allow univocal identification. Product ion mass spectrometry has proved to be a useful tool to differentiate structurally closely related fluorophenethylamines even in the case of the meta- and para-isomers. A series of N-alkylated o-, m- and p-fluoroamphetamines and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-2-amines have been synthesized in mic... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120266 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120259&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004113%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) has been used routinely at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen since 2002. A retrospective study was performed in order to correlate CT-scan based diagnoses of cranial and cerebral lesions with macroscopic autopsy diagnoses in 56 cases. The CT-scans were performed by a forensic pathologist. They were obtained by using two different CT-scan protocols. The results showed correct skull fracture diagnoses in 34/56 cases. Fractures were diagnosed partially (9) or missed totally (13) on CT-images in 22 cases. The agreement for fracture diagnoses of the anterior, medial and posterior cranial fossae was 20%, 52% and 60%, respectively. Fractures involving bilateral bones were diagnosed correctly more frequently. The diagnostic agreement r... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120259 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018752&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004009%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This paper presents a rapid and sensitive method for the determination and chiral separation of amphetamines and related designer drugs in hair samples. The substances are extracted from hair matrix by a 30min treatment with a saturated carbonate buffer at pH 10 under ultrasonication. A commercial chiral derivatizing agent, trifluoroacetyl-prolyl chloride, is then added to the solution that is directly extracted with hexane and subsequently analyzed by GC/MS in SIM mode. R and S isomers of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA and MDEA can be separated and detected with a limit of detection of 0.1ng/mg for amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDA, and of 0.2ng/mg for MDMA and MDEA. The method was then applied to 12 samples from suspected amphetamines abusers, showing the presence o... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018752 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018757&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004101%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Estimation of the time since death is important in forensic medicine, and so far not much is known in employing dental pulp for such purposes. The tooth organ is the hardest organ in the human body, with a loose connective tissue of dental pulp situated within a rigid encasement of mineralized surrounding tissues. Human material was obtained from 31 corpses of people who died in car and train accidents and had healthy oral statuses. Samples were divided into two groups at different environmental temperatures. During the autopsy, the jaws were resected to keep teeth in situ, and every day one tooth was extracted. After decalcification, serial thin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were cut. Odontoblasts in the dental pulp were counted and data analysed. Statistical analy... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018757 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018756&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004095%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The postfeeding larval stage in blow flies is generally an irreversible condition when the fully grown third instar larvae stop feeding and give no response towards food. The larvae of most species then disperse away from their feeding medium and pupariate. There are several cases reported about the use of postfeeding larvae as forensic evidence. It is a matter of common observation that the postfeeding stage can be reached earlier than the expected time if food becomes unavailable. However, no information is available on whether postfeeding stage induced by scarcity of food is also irreversible. Similarly, the minimum period of development required by the larvae of different blow flies species to enable their survival as postfeeding larvae and pupariation in the absence of food ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018756 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120260&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004125%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Many scientists of varying clinical backgrounds have described the phenomenon of spermaturia in animals, adolescents as well as fertile and infertile men. Nevertheless, research for an expert opinion on a law case in the field of forensic medicine revealed a lack of valid information about the longevity of spermatozoa in post-ejaculatory urine (PEU) of fertile men.Our goal was to measure the appearance of vivid sperm in PEU while considering the factor of time in order to predict a realistic interval, in which positive sperm findings might occur. Therefore ten healthy, young men donated their sperm for fertility analysis and a urine sample prior to and after ejaculation. The time intervals between ejaculation and the first micturition were preset ranging between 30min and maximal... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120260 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120278&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003107%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report two cases demonstrating discrepancies between anatomical and clinical features, which should encourage medical expert to prudence when interpreting neuropathological reports. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120278 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018755&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004083%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, two types of modified blank weapons and two types of modified blank cartridges were tested on three different target models. Each of the models’ shooting side was coated with 1.3±2mm thickness chrome tanned cowhide as a skin simulant. The first model was only coated with skin simulant. The second model was coated with skin simulant and 100% cotton police shirt. The third model was coated with skin simulant and jean denim.After the literature evaluation four high risky anatomic locations (the neck area; the eyes; the thorax area and inguinal area) were pointed out for the steel and lead projectiles are discharged from the modified blank weapons especially in close range (0–50cm). The target models were designed for these anatomic locations.For the target models six Trans... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018755 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018739&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003703%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Forensic anthropology is affected by the unavoidable limits concerning difficulties in standardization of methods and procedures; age estimation is one of the main tasks of forensic anthropology and odontology, both on the dead and the living: literature has shown several methods of age estimation, and although they may be thought of as equivalent, every procedure has its limits, mean error, practical situation and age range where it gives the best results; the lack of standardization and consensus concerning which method can be used, as well as the lack of a practical approach in different cases is the main limit in a correct age estimation process.This review aims at exposing the experience of the authors working in the FASE (Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe) subsection ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018739 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018762&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004010%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Stature can be considered one of the “big four” parameters to be ascertained within the biological profile in cases of forensic anthropology. However, the most reliable available methods for stature estimation require the preservation of the long bones, but since this is very often not the case, the development of alternative methods, based on distinct bones, is mandatory. Therefore, in the present work the reliability of the first two metatarsal bones in reconstructing stature is tested. The data consist of length measurements taken from the first two metatarsals removed from documented cadavers of known stature. The sample for this study consists of 220 metatarsals, namely 110 first metatarsals and 110 second metatarsals collected during the autopsies carried out in the Nat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018762 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018759&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003958%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Age estimation in adults is an important problem in both anthropological and forensic fields, and apposition of secondary dentine is often used as an indicator of age. In recent papers, Cameriere et al. studied the pulp/tooth area ratio of canines for this purpose. The present study examines the application of the pulp/tooth area ratio by peri-apical X-ray images as an age indicator in a Portuguese identified sample. The statistical model was then compared with results from an Italian identified sample, to establish whether a common regression model for both samples could be developed. The Portuguese sample consisted of 126 canines of male and 132 of female from subjects 20 to 84 years old, from the osteological collection of the Museum of Anthropology at Coimbra University. The ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018759 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018753&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004022%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: It is important to detect alcohol intake in postmortem investigations. However it can be difficult to interpret the results of alcohol analysis in putrefied corpses. To avoid this difficulty, there have been studies on detection of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a non-oxidative metabolite of ethyl alcohol. The aim of this study was investigate EtG levels in vitreous humor (VH), a valuable material in postmortem investigations, and to compare VH EtG levels with blood and urine EtG levels.Methods: Blood, urine and VH specimens were collected from 110 cases. Twenty-four cases in which ethyl alcohol was detected were included in the study. Although ethanol could not be detected, one case was added after having positive results of EtG levels in urine and VH as if he was claimed ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018753 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018751&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003971%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The records of 218 poisoning deaths from a Department of Forensic Medicine in a University of China, Tongji Center for Medicolegal Expertise in Hubei (TCMEH), from 1999 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The majority (69.7%) of fatalities was between the ages of 20 and 49 years, and there was a male preponderance (male:female=1.7:1). The most common classes of substances involved in fatalities were rodenticide (19.7%), insecticide and herbicide (17.9%), carbon monoxide (16.5%), drugs (13.8%) and alcohols (12.4%). Ingestion was the predominant route of exposure (65.1%), followed in frequency by inhalation, injection and dermal. In vast majority (64.7%), the manner of death was accidental; suicidal intent was present in 25.2% of cases, homicide in 3.7%, and undetermined 6.4%. W... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018751 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018750&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900396X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study evaluates several siding techniques previously developed and/or described in a recent study by Case and Heilman (2000) . Unlike in their study where observers were provided all phalange positional information except for side, observations in this study were undertaken with no positional information provided thus making the examinations more similar to those performed in a forensic context. Tests of phalange siding techniques were carried out on two skeletal samples: the Terry Collection at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History where the ray and side of phalanges are documented and phalange collections are often complete, and the Bass Collection at the University of Tennessee where phalange positional information is undocumented and where phalange collections are s... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018750 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018760&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003983%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In recent years, skeletal age determination has become increasingly important in criminal investigations for determining the age of living individuals. To increase diagnostic accuracy, a physical examination, an X-ray examination of the left hand, as well as a dental examination including the determination of the dental status and an X-ray of the dentition should always be performed. In this work, the authors analyze a sample of 52 illegal immigrants who came under their observation in the period from May 1989 to September 2007. A statistical analysis of the results of dental and skeletal age estimations was performed as well as an analysis between the reported and assessed ages. The results showed a significant difference between reported age and assessed biological age (p (Sour... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018760 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018754&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004046%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: N-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (N-OH-MDMA) is a lesser known psychedelic drug that has recently circulated in the Japanese illicit drug market. From the instability of the similarly structured N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-OH-MDA) in neutral-to-basic aqueous solution, it was presumed that N-OH-MDMA would also degrade in aqueous solution. The aims of this study were: (i) investigation of the degradation of N-OH-MDMA in aqueous solution and its prevention, (ii) identification of the degradation products, (iii) determination of the pKa for the conjugate acid of N-OH-MDMA, and (iv) evaluation of liquid–liquid extraction recovery. N-OH-MDA was also included in some of these studies.N-OH-MDMA degraded to 14.9% of initial concentration after 2h storage in pH ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018754 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018746&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003673%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A great potential of Raman spectroscopy for non-destructive, confirmatory identification of body fluids at the crime scene has been reported recently (Virkler and Lednev, Forensic Sci. Int. 2008 ). However, that analysis was carried out on only one sample of each body fluid and did not take into account any variations that might occur between different donors of the same fluid. This paper reports on the role of heterogeneity within a sample as well as among multiple donors for human semen. Near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy was used to measure spectra of pure dried human semen samples from multiple donors in a controlled laboratory environment. The major chemical components that contributed to the Raman spectrum of semen were determined and used to tentatively identify the pr... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018746 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120281&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809004034%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: A fatal case of multidrug poisoning by tramadol and nicotine is reported. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic used in the treatment of moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. Nicotine, a lipid-soluble alkaloid, is one of the most readily available drugs in modern society. A 46-year-old man was found dead in his bed, and a suicide note was discovered near the body. He had 25 transdermal nicotine patches attached to his thorax and abdomen. Two half emptied bottles were found on the bedside table; the toxicological examination revealed that they contained tobacco and nicotine as well as other drugs such as diphenhydramine. At autopsy, areas of fresh and old myocardial infarction as well as diffuse pulmonary congestion and edema were present. The tramadol concentration was 6.6... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120281 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018761&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003995%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Forensic anthropologists and bioarchaeologists usually determine sex by analyzing quantitative and qualitative characters of the human skeleton. In general, the pelvis and skull are the skeletal parts used most often, but in many cases these parts are missing or fragmentary. In such circumstances, it is necessary to use techniques based on other skeletal elements. The primary aim of this work is to determine whether metacarpals can be used for the determination of sex specifically in a Greek population. A secondary step is to describe and develop linear discriminant function equations for sex determination based on a contemporary Greek population using metacarpal biometric data. The skeletal sample of the modern Greeks is housed at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athe... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018761 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018749&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003727%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, our study demonstrates that formalin-fixed tissues and their fixing solutions can be used for cocaine analysis only if a short time period has passed since the fixation beginning. The rapid extraction process of cocaine into formalin and the concomitant hydrolysis to BE occurring in buffered formalin may prevent the identification of cocaine in both tissues and formalin solution already at 15–30 days after fixation. Moreover, the unpredictable extraction rate of both analytes, along with the hydrolysis of cocaine into BE significantly affects tissue concentrations, thus complicating the interpretation of quantitative results. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018749 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120285&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003351%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Authors regret that one of the co-authors names was spelled incorrectly in the above article. The fifth authors name is now correctly reproduced above as H. Khodjet-El-Khil. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120285 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018742&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003557%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study considered annual, seasonal and shorter term variation in patterns of insect succession onto decomposing remains at two contrasting locations in Western Australia, bushland and agricultural. The degree of consistency in insect succession patterns over spatial and temporal scales was evaluated through multivariate analysis of occurrence-based distance matrices. Insect assemblages were strongly correlated between locations, within corresponding time periods, indicating that patterns of insect succession were similar between localised sites within the same broad geographic area. This suggests that there is reasonable scope for the application of baseline succession data generated at a single study site to a range of decomposition sites within a given region. Differences were largel... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018742 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018747&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003697%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: As a thorough aggregation of probability and graph theory, Bayesian networks currently enjoy widespread interest as a means for studying factors that affect the coherent evaluation of scientific evidence in forensic science. Paper I of this series of papers intends to contribute to the discussion of Bayesian networks as a framework that is helpful for both illustrating and implementing statistical procedures that are commonly employed for the study of uncertainties (e.g. the estimation of unknown quantities). While the respective statistical procedures are widely described in literature, the primary aim of this paper is to offer an essentially non-technical introduction on how interested readers may use these analytical approaches – with the help of Bayesian networks – for pr... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018747 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018748&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003715%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study reports changes in costal cartilages that appear at the microscopic level throughout life, especially during the ossification process. The work builds on the results of our previous X-ray study, which confirmed the presence of two sexually dimorphic ossification patterns. This led to questions about the existence of additional sex-specific patterns that relate to the ossification process in costal cartilages. Samples of costal cartilages and adjacent parts of the bones were obtained from the autopsies of 17 corpses. The age range among the cadavers varied greatly, from a newborn baby to 91 years of age. Sections of costal cartilage were routinely processed and stained. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected using histochemical methods. Collagens type II and X were detected i... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018748 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862167&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003600%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stat... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862167 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:47:48 +0100 2862167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862146&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003752%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862146 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 18:47:42 +0100 2862146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120279&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900365X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An 87-year-old male, prescribed digoxin and furosemide for congestive heart failure and Alzheimer disease, had dehydration and anemia due to poor food intake and hemorrhagic cystitis. Repeated vomiting due to an upper respiratory infection caused disturbance of consciousness and hypotension. The patient was admitted to hospital and diagnosed with digoxin intoxication and hypernatremia. The serum sodium (Na+) level was corrected, but the patient died 4 days after admission following uncontrollable seizure. A histologic examination after an autopsy revealed characteristic findings of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM). This is the first autopsy report on CPM triggered by vomiting in association with digoxin administration. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120279 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120283&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003661%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the protocol presented here, previously described in studies on ancient bones, should find application in different molecular studies involving FF-PET material. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120283 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018758&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003648%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The auxiliary technique known as Facial Reconstruction enables one to reestablish the contours of the soft tissues over the skull, therefore producing a face and increasing the probability of a facial recognition. The reliability of this technique depends on the evaluation of the mean values of soft tissue thicknesses observed in a given population. Measurements were evaluated in autopsied corpses in “Section of Technical Verification of Deaths” in Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil. Thickness was measured manually by puncturing 10 midline craniometrical points and 11 bilateral points on a sample of 40 corpses of both sexes aged between 17 and 90 years, classified by skin color and the nutritional state. The results for the average thickness values are higher for males, variations... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018758 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3120284&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003624%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes It is not uncommon to find the extremities of the body such as the hands and the feet in mass disasters, and assault cases where the body is dismembered to conceal the identity of the victim. Determination of race, sex, age, and stature remain the foremost criteria in establishing the identity of human remains in such circumstances. Stature is considered as one of the pivotal parameters for personal identification. Stature can be estimated from various measurements of the foot like the foot length and breadth based on statistically derived formulae . (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3120284 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3120284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018743&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003570%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Carcass decomposition results in the release of nitrogenous compounds into associated soil. The current study investigated the release of ninhydrin reactive nitrogen (NRN) following burial (∼40cm depth) and decomposition on the soil surface. Also investigated was the lateral extent of NRN in gravesoil. NRN concentration increased significantly in gravesoil collected from the center of graves (∼20cm depth) during the initial two months of burial. A similar finding was also observed in the base of the grave during the initial six months of burial. However, no change in NRN concentration was observed 60cm from buried carcasses. Carcasses decomposing on the soil surface were associated with higher NRN during the initial 97 days of decomposition. We conclude that the analysis of s... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018743 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018741&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003545%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the effects of morphine on growth rates of the native Australian blowfly, Calliphora stygia (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Several morphine concentrations were incorporated into pet mince to simulate post-mortem concentrations in morphine, codeine and/or heroin-dosed corpses. There were four treatments for feeding larvae; T 1: control (no morphine); T 2: 2μg/g morphine; T 3: 10μg/g morphine; and T 4: 20μg/g morphine. Ten replicates of 50 larvae were grown at 22°C for each treatment and their development was compared at four comparison intervals; CI 1: 4-day-old larvae; CI 2: 7-day-old larvae; CI 3: pupae; and CI 4: adults. Length and width were measured for larvae and pupae, and costae and tibiae were measured for adults. Additionally, day of pupariation,... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018741 Wed, 23 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018741 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862169&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003582%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We present the case of an anal sexual abuse involving a 2-month-old boy, who was admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the University of Padua for low bowel obstruction. The infant had been already hospitalized for 3 days in a peripheral hospital and treated with daily rectal wash-outs for a fecaloma. Only after a careful interpretation of the plain abdominal radiograph, along with the performance of a rectoscopy and a laparotomy, a vegetable foreign body (about 3cm in diameter and 7cm in length) was discovered in the sigma. The morphology and dimensions of the foreign body, as well as its location, left no doubt about the etiology of the partial bowel obstruction, proving that it was clearly related to an anal sexual abuse. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862169 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862164&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900334X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The mass spectrum of the drug of abuse 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA) is characterized by an imine fragment base peak at m/z 44 and additional fragments at m/z 151/152 for the dimethoxybenzyl cation and radical cation, respectively. Five positional ring isomers of dimethoxyamphetamines (DMA) have an isomeric relationship to 2,5-DMA. All six compounds have the same molecular weight and produce similar EI mass spectra. This lack of mass spectral specificity for the isomers in addition to the possibility of chromatographic coelution could result in misidentification. The lack of reference materials for the potential imposter molecules constitutes a significant analytical challenge. Perfluoroacylation of the amine group reduced the nitrogen basicity and provided individual fragme... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862164 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862163&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003338%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The 4-methylthioamphetamine (4-MTA) is a sulphur-containing amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS), which appeared on the illicit market in Europe at the end of 90s. For the purpose of this study, several N-alkyl homologues of 4-MTA, including 4-methylthiomethamphetamine (4-MTMA), 4-methylthioethylamphetamine (4-MTEA), 4-methylthiodimethamphetamine (4-MTDMA), 4-methylthiopropylamphetamine (4-MTPA) and 4-methylthiobutylamphetamine (4-MTBA) were synthesized. The homologues were characterized by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR). The gas chromatography and mass spectrometry properties of their acetyl, trifluoroacyl (TFA), pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) and heptafluorobutyryl (HFB) deriva... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862163 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3018740&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003363%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Intersections of inkjet strokes of different color (black, red, green and blue) with ballpoint ink or gel pen ink or fountain pen ink strokes each of different color (black, red, green and blue) were examined under stereomicroscope and digital microscope. The exemplars (25,920 intersections) were prepared on three types of paper at three time intervals. Stereomicroscope proves very successful in determining the sequence of ballpoint ink or gel pen ink of different color and inkjet stroke of black color only. It also helps in determining the sequence of intersections of fountain ink strokes (all color) and inkjet strokes (all color) with highest success rate (100% correctness). The digital microscope is not useful in determining the order of inkjet strokes and ballpoint ink or gel... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3018740 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3018740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862173&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003594%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this report, basic studies were conducted on identification of artificial leathers and single fibers from leather materials. Fiber morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), color of these leather sheets was evaluated by microspectrophotometry (MSP), the leather components were measured by infrared micro spectrometry (micro-FT-IR) and the inorganic contents were ascertained by micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (micro-XRF). These two methods contribute to other analytical methods too, in the case of utilized single fiber analytical methods. The combination of these techniques showed high potential of discrimination ability in forensic examinations of these artificial leather samples. In regard with smooth surface artificial leather sheet samples, a total of 182... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862173 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862168&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003569%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Installation of devices involving shotguns is rarely encountered in forensic medicine practice.In this case report, authors aimed to present an unusual and rare case of shotgun injury due to a home security alarm system and its legal assessment.An electrical technician was invited to a summer house to check a home security alarm system installed by another firm which he worked for previously. It was an unconventional home security alarm system attached to a shotgun. The technician was injured with 18 buckshot pellets (no: 4) while checking the system. The host was convicted of a possible intent to cause a life-threatening injury to the technician. We think that this verdict will set a precedent for similar cases. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862168 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862155&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900320X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We argue that it is, in principle, not difficult to deal with selection effects in forensic science. If a suspect is selected through a process that is related to the forensic evidence, then the strength of the evidence will be compensated by very small prior odds. No further correction is necessary. The same is true for so-called data-dependent hypotheses. These are allowed, since if the hypothesis is really “tailored around” the evidence, the evidential value will be high but the prior odds will compensate for that. The assessment of the prior odds is outside the scope of the forensic scientist, but he should make lawmakers, judges and juries aware of the phenomenon. This discussion applies to many situations—we discuss four concrete examples. (Source: Forensic Science In... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862155 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862166&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003326%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sex determination of unidentified skeletal remains is important and various hard-tissue parameters have been evaluated towards this end. The dentition is considered as a useful adjunct in skeletal sex determination, particularly since teeth are resistant to postmortem destruction and fragmentation. Sex dimorphism in tooth size and the accuracy of odontometric sex prediction, is found to vary in different regions and researchers have advocated the need for population-specific data. No odontometric standards exist for Indians for use in forensic sex prediction. Therefore, this study examined sexual dimorphism in Indians using univariate and multivariate statistics. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) measurements of all teeth, except third molars, were obtained from 105 Indians ... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862166 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862161&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003272%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: An ultrasound-assisted extraction method is proposed for the determination of trace elements in hair samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for forensic investigation. Prior to analysis, 25mg of hair samples were accurately weighed into (15mL) conical tubes. Then, 2mL of 20% HNO3 is added to the samples, sonicated at 2min (50W, 100% amplitude), and then further diluted to 10mL with Milli-Q water. Resulted diluted slurries are centrifuged and the analytes are directly determined in the supernatant. Calibrations against aqueous solutions were carried out with rhodium as internal standard. The method was successfully applied for the extraction of Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Tl, U, V and Zn with a method detection limit (3s, n=20) of 0.1, 0.4, 0.... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862161 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772158&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003399%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772158 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 17:57:33 +0100 2772158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862174&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003302%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This is the second edition of a book first published in 1997 “written for medical examiners, coroners, and other law enforcements officers who are responsible for conducting death investigations” (p. xi), specifically with the aim of providing “the medico legal officer some guidelines for determining how to choose and when to use a forensic anthropologist” (p. xi). Written for a North American audience, the book consists of 11 chapters which adequately cover the breadth of information potentially provided by a forensic anthropologist: from the investigation of the scene (chapter 2), recovery (chapter 4) and analysis (chapters 5 and 10) of skeletonised remains. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862174 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862172&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003314%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease with high mortality. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined CCR2 and CX3CR1 expression in sepsis-induced lung injury, and discussed its availability for the postmortem diagnosis of sepsis. Lung samples were obtained from different lung lobes of nine sepsis and eight control cases with postmortem intervals between 12 and 48h. Immunohistochemically, mononuclear cells recruited into the lungs expressed CCR2 and CX3CR1 in both sepsis and non-septic groups. In double-color immunofluorescence analysis, CCR2- or CX3CR1-positive cells could be identified as CD68-positive macrophages. Moreover, most of CD68-positive macrophages expressed both CCR2 and CX3CR1. Morphometrically, the average of CCR2- and CX3CR1-positive macrophages w... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862172 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862172 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862171&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003235%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: We demonstrate here how the shooting distance of a 9-mm Parabellum FMJ bullet (115gr) has been estimated via shooting experiments. Such a bullet was found by investigators near a concrete wall, fairly distorted at its tip. The bullet carries no evidence of multiple impact and no evidence of ballistic impact on the wall has been reported. We estimated the impact velocity by comparing the questioned bullet with a set of comparison bullets hitting a wall (rigid target) with different velocities. The shooting distance was recovered from the impact velocity by studying the typical behavior of a manufactured 9mm bullet weighting 115g (7.45g), shot in pistol or a sub-machine gun. The results demonstrated that the questioned bullet was a lost bullet. The shooting distance also helped the... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862171 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862171 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862165&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003132%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the artificial neural network is a powerful classification technique that may improve the accuracy rate of sex determination models for skeletal remains. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862165 Sun, 06 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862159&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003259%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: For several decades vitreous humor has been used for post-mortem biochemical investigations with the objective of a post-mortem diagnosis of pre-existing diseases and the clarification of forensic issues, in particular the determination of the post-mortem interval. For the determination of measured concentrations in vitreous humor pre-analytic factors as well as analytical and instrumental variations have to be taken into consideration. The aim of this study was a methodical investigation of two methods of sample pre-treatment as influencing variables. The compared methods were centrifugation and treatment in the ultrasonic bath. The determined parameters were sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, lactate, urea, glucose and creatinine. Analyses were performed photometrically or b... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862159 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862156&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003211%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: In cases of fatal premature coronary sclerosis and proven apoE ɛ4-allele, blood relatives should receive advice. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862156 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862158&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003247%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In this research a chemical marker powder, based on Lycopodium clavatum spores, was studied to determine its transfer and persistence on a T-shirt. Such chemical marker powders are used to provide evidence that a person has handled a covertly marked object, such as a drug package. The powder was found to transfer readily between a marked item and the person handling it. The powder was found to persist on a T-shirt for up to 13h; however, there was only a very small amount of powder remaining at this time. The rate of loss of the L. clavatum spores was found to follow a decay curve. The largest decrease in spores from the T-shirt was seen in the first 2h after the marked item had been handled. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862158 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862170&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003296%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study an attempt has been made to explain the reaction mechanism of the process. In case of different types of thermal papers, presence of different substituents on leuco dye (lactone ring) structure resulted in development of different colored fingermarks upon reaction with iodine. Sebaceous material laden marks have been found to be more intensely developed as compared to eccrine marks, and the difference was more pronounced in case of aged fingermarks. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862170 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862162&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003284%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In this work, a fast, non destructive voltammetric method for cocaine detection in acetonitrile medium using a platinum disk electrode chemically modified with cobalt-hexacyanoferrate (CoHCFe) film is described. The deposition of CoHCFe film at platinum disk (working electrode) was carried out in aqueous solution containing NaClO4 at 0.1molL−1 as supporting electrolite. Stability studies of the film and subsequent voltammetric analysis of cocaine were made in acetonitrile medium with NaClO4 at 0.1molL−1 as supporting electrolite. A reversible interaction between cocaine and CoHCFe at the film produces a proportional decrease of original peak current, due to the formation of a complex between cocaine and cobalt íons, with subsequent partial passivation of the film surface, be... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862162 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862160&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003260%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Enormous gas pressure values of more than 3900bar emphasize the power of industrial blank cartridges. Once again, the harmlessness of these blank cartridges and the weapons/tools that are operated with these propellants is refuted. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862160 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862152&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS037907380900317X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study showed that abdominal radiographic postmortem changes occurred most rapidly between 8 and 16h post-euthanasia at the ambient temperature of 22–33°C. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862152 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862151&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003156%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This report focuses on the last of the three stages of the research programme. The calibration and acquisition process and the mathematical comparison algorithms were described in previous papers [C. Neumann, P. Margot, New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science—Part I: Development of a quality assurance process for forensic ink analysis by HPTLC, Forensic Sci. Int. 185 (2009) 29–37; C. Neumann, P. Margot, New perspectives in the use of ink evidence in forensic science—Part II: Development and testing of mathematical algorithms for the automatic comparison of ink samples analysed by HPTLC, Forensic Sci. Int. 185 (2009) 38–50].In this paper, the benefits and challenges of the proposed concepts are tested in two forensic contexts: (1) ink identification and (2) i... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862151 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862157&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003223%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Enamel in teeth, as documented is the hardest substance in the entire human body. Tooth prints are the enamel rod end patterns on the tooth surface. Could this fact be a boon in utilizing it for an individual's identification in the hands of forensic experts? A study has been attempted towards the same. These tooth prints were recorded for 60 extracted tooth specimens after acid etching using a cellophane tape. Subsequently a digital image of the print was obtained which was subjected to biometric conversion using Verifinger standard SDK version 6.0 software followed by the use of Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) software for comparison of the tooth prints. In results we observed that tooth prints were composed of varied patterns and sub-patterns. A comparison w... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862157 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862154&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003193%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study shows that multiple genetic variations of the RyR2 and CASQ2 genes exist in the two study populations. The inter-individual genetic variability may underlie the different susceptibility of individuals to developing ventricular tachycardia. The research results will be valuable for which future work involving clinical and forensic samples can be based upon to distinguish potential disease-associated mutations from common polymorphisms. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862154 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862153&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003181%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Laryngofibroscopic examination in hanging cases could be very useful in confirming the vital character of the hanging and understanding asphyxial phenomena in incomplete suspension without laryngeal crush. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862153 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772170&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809002801%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: We think that the results of this study will contribute to the data about the profile of medical malpractice claims involving children will increase awareness in medical malpractices and deter health staff from malpractice. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772170 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2772170 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772181&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003119%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This report discusses issues relating to this case that were raised during the criminal proceedings relating to the medical negligence claim. (Source: Forensic Science International) Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772181 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2772181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772178&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809003144%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Estimating age at death from adult skeletal remains is a daunting task for human osteologists. For this reason, the evaluation of micro-structural changes in bone with advancing age has become a popular method. However, factors such as nutrition, chronic disease, population group and sex have been suggested to influence the rate of bone turnover, and thus the use of histological methods in providing an accurate age at death has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of 10 histomorphometric traits used to estimate age. The sample comprised of 146 dissection room cadavers of known sex, age and ancestry (105 males and 41 females). A 0.2cm×1.0cm sample was removed from the anterior surface of the mid-shaft of the femur (opposite the... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772178 Wed, 12 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2772178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2862150&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809002904%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The influence of rain and malathion on the initial oviposition as well as development of blowfly species infesting rabbit carcasses decomposing in sunlit and shaded habitats were studied over a period of 1 year in Kelantan, Malaysia. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) was the most dominant species that infested the carcasses, followed by Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart). In general, rain, depending on its intensity, delayed initial oviposition by 1–2 days and prolonged the pupation period by 1–3 days. The presence of malathion in the carcasses delayed initial oviposition by 1–3 days and prolonged the pupation period by 2–3 days. These findings deserve consideration while estimating postmortem interval since rain is a commonplace occurrence in Malaysia and malathion is one o... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2862150 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2862150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772177&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809002916%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Sex determination from unknown skeletal remains is of vital importance in forensic anthropology, and much research has been conducted in this field. One of the most commonly used methods is to create discriminant function formulae from metric data. It is widely argued in the literature that these formulae are population-specific, as various populations differ with regard to general body size and degree of sexual dimorphism. However, the population of origin may not always be known, and formulae do not exist for all possible population groups. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is really necessary to develop population-specific formulae for pelvic measurements. For this purpose, skeletons from three different populations namely Greeks living on Crete (n=193), South Afr... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772177 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2772177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2772176&cid=s_35576_142_f&fid=35576&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsijournal.org%2Farticle%2FPIIS0379073809002862%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We report the average thickness values at each landmark and compare our measures to those of the traditional charts of [J. Rhine, C.E. Moore, Facial Tissue Thickness of American Caucasoïds, Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1982] and of several recent in vivo studies [M.H. Manhein, G.A. Listi, R.E. Barsley, et al., In vivo facial tissue depth measurements for children and adults, Journal of Forensic Sciences 45 (1) (2000) 48–60; S. De Greef, P. Claes, D. Vandermeulen, et al., Large-scale in vivo Caucasian facial soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction, Forensic Science International 159S (2006) S126–S146; R. Helmer, Schödelidentifizierung durch elektronische bildmischung, Kriminalistik Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, 1984]. (Source: Forensic Sci... Forensic Science International journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2772176 Sun, 09 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2772176