MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Gait and Posture' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:02:28 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611882&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211008149%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We thank Dr. Bohannon for his thoughtful comments on our recent Short Communication on single-leg-stance-time (SLST) in older adults. We wholeheartedly agree that responsiveness as a key measurement property has received insufficient study, providing the impetus for our investigation of minimum detectable change at the 95% confidence level (MDC95) of SLST. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611882 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611847&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211008204%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611847 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611846&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211008198%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611846 Sun, 01 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5611846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611866&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002591%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study involved 50 subjects: 10 controls (BMI 24.4±2.8, age 61.2±5.07), 20 diabetics (BMI 26.4±2.5, age 56.53±13.29) and 20 neuropathics (BMI 26.8±3.4, age 61.2±7.7). The electrical activity of six muscles was collected bilaterally on the lower limb during gait: gluteus medius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneous longus, gastrocnemius lateralis, and extensor digitorum communis. Electromyographic activity was represented through linear envelopes. Time and space parameters were also evaluated by means of two Bertec force plates and a six cameras motion capture system (BTS, 60–120Hz). At initial contact and loading response, an early peak of rectus femoris activity occurred in diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy. During midstance a delay of gastrocnemius activit... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611866 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5611866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611875&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002839%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► The mechanical behavior of a spring-like AFO was studied in 10 patients. ► The spring-like AFO did not augment ankle push-off. ► The spring-like AFO took over part of the ankle work. ► The energy cost of walking was reduced with the spring-like AFO.Abstract: In patients with central neurological disorders, gait is often limited by a reduced ability to push off with the ankle. To overcome this reduced ankle push-off, energy-storing, spring-like carbon-composite Ankle Foot Orthoses (AFO) can be prescribed. It is expected that the energy returned by the AFO in late stance will support ankle push-off, and reduce the energy cost of walking.In 10 patients with multiple sclerosis and stroke the energy cost of walking, 3D kinematics, joint power, and joint work were measured ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611875 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611873&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002815%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► A Kalman filter for the estimate of trunk bending during walking using inertial sensor is proposed. ► Data were collected from 15 healthy subjects walking on a treadmill at slow, natural and fast speed. ► An optoelectronic system was used to assess the accuracy of the angles estimated by the filter. ► The proposed filter proved to be very robust and the angle estimation errors were lower than 1.0°.Abstract: The aim of this study was the fine tuning of a Kalman filter with the intent to provide optimal estimates of lower trunk orientation in the frontal and sagittal planes during treadmill walking at different speeds using measured linear acceleration and angular velocity components represented in a local system of reference.Data were simultaneously collected using bo... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611873 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611860&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002529%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study compared the increases in trunk EMG activity in response to limb movement when seated on an exercise ball or on a chair in 16 healthy, moderately active subjects. At the sound of an auditory cue, the subjects carried out either hip flexion or arm flexion (unilateral or bilateral), as fast as possible, whilst sitting on an exercise ball or a standard chair. The amplitude of EMG activity was recorded from selected trunk muscles (erector spinae, external obliques, internal obliques and rectus abdominis) and either an upper limb muscle (deltoid) or a lower limb muscle (rectus femoris).There were minimal differences in amplitudes of EMG activity in any of the trunk muscles between the conditions (ball or chair) following the upper limb movements. These results suggest that there is n... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611860 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611867&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002748%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We sought to advance understanding of stability control during voluntary stepping. ► Incongruity between peak and final centre of mass position was quantified. ► Incongruity occurred in all conditions, with a strong bias toward overshoot. ► Frontal plane overshoot magnitude was greater in trials with increased step width. ► Overshoot may be a strategy to simplify reactive control during restabilization.Abstract: This work sought to advance the understanding of dynamic stability control during stepping. The specific intention was to better understand the control of the centre of mass during voluntary stepping, by characterizing its trajectory and intertrial variability. Young participants (n=10) performed five different stepping tasks to vary the challenge to COM con... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611867 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611877&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002852%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Balance-impaired elders shift attention during dual-tasks less efficiently than healthy elders. ► Shifting attention is a component of executive attention function. ► We compared the performance of balance-impaired and healthy elders on a task switch test. ► Compared to healthy elders balance-impaired elders demonstrated deficits in task switch ability. ► The relationship between switch ability and gait should be further investigated in the elderly.Abstract: Previous research using dual-task paradigms indicates balance-impaired older adults (BIOAs) are less able to flexibly shift attentional focus between a cognitive and motor task than healthy older adults (HOA). Shifting attention is a component of executive function. Task switch tests assess executive attention f... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611877 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611874&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002827%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Leg muscle activities during level, uphill, and downhill walking at various speeds. ► Hip, knee, and ankle extensor muscle activities increase with steeper uphill grade. ► Only knee extensor muscle activities increase with steeper downhill grade. ► Changes in muscle activity with grade are more pronounced at faster walking speedsAbstract: Compared to level walking, additional muscle actions are required to raise and lower the center of mass during uphill and downhill walking, respectively. However, it remains unclear which muscle recruitment strategies are employed at typical grades when walking over a range of speeds. Based on previous reports, we hypothesized that, across a range of walking speeds, hip, knee, and ankle extensor muscle activations would increase with... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611874 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611871&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002797%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, these findings indicate that decreased executive function plays an important role in increased gait variability in dementia patients; a fact that should be considered when designing fall risk interventions for this population. Furthermore, results indicate that measures of gait variability and stability should be deemed worthwhile in the diagnosis of dementia. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611871 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611862&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002542%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We investigated the body sway and joint coordination of young and older adults during quiet stance. ► The effect of the use of visual feedback of the center of pressure position was also investigated. ► The joint coordination variability was assessed by the uncontrolled manifold analysis. ► Young and older adults modified their joint coordination under the visual feedback condition. ► Body sway of older adults was more affected by the use of the visual feedback.Abstract: How aging affects body sway and joint coordination during quiet standing was investigated under two visual feedback conditions provided on a monitor screen: fixed and moving cursor representing the center of pressure (COP) position measured by a platform. The across-time joint motion variance of ank... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611862 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611849&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002359%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Healthy adults and those with knee OA walked at 1.0 m/s unweighted and with a weight vest. ► Healthy adults respond differently to weighted walking than individuals with knee OA. ► Weighted healthy group increases hip flexion at heel strike but knee OA does not. ► The knee OA group only made minor compensations during weighted walking.Abstract: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that affects millions of people. While numerous gait differences have been identified between healthy adults and adults with knee OA under normal and challenging conditions, adults with knee OA have not been studied during a challenging weighted walking task. Investigation of the effect of weighted walking on the initial contact and loading response phases of gait was undertaken in 20 healt... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611849 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288119&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211003961%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288119 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288094&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211003894%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288094 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288093&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211003882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288093 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611880&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100258X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Slow walking speed is associated with greater dual-task costs on gait after stroke. ► Motor impairment severity is associated with increased dual-task interference. ► Paretic single limb stance is particularly vulnerable to dual-task interference.Abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationships between motor performance measures and dual-task interference in gait among community-dwelling adults with stroke. Dual-task costs on gait were correlated with Fugl-Meyer lower extremity score and usual gait speed in 13 community-dwelling adults with stroke. Individuals with greater lower extremity motor impairment and slower gait speed experienced greater cognitive-motor interference in gait. Paretic single limb stance was particularly susceptible to du... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611880 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611869&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002761%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Limb motion during treadmill gait was analysed in early Parkinson's disease (PD). ► Patients had a highly significant increase of arm swing asymmetry versus controls. ► Reduced arm retroversion was also closely associated with disease status. ► Limb kinematics during gait reflect complex motor dysfunction in movement disorders.Abstract: The reduction of arm swing during gait is a frequent phenomenon in patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the objective quantification of this clinical sign using treadmill-based gait analysis has not been systematically evaluated so far.We simultaneously measured ultrasound based limb kinematics and spatiotemporal gait parameters during treadmill walking at different speeds in 21 early PD patients in Hoehn and Yahr (HY... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611869 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611870&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002785%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We calculated internal stresses in the residuum of transtibial amputation patients. ► Subjects walked on various terrains with hydraulic or conventional prosthetic feet. ► We found a decrease in peak internal stress and loading rate, while walking with the hydraulic foot. ► The hydraulic foot may protect the distal tibial end of the residuum from pressure-related injury.Abstract: The prosthetic foot plays an important role in propelling, breaking, balancing and supporting body loads while the amputee ambulates on different grounds. It is therefore important to quantify the effect of the prosthetic foot mechanism on biomechanical parameters, in order to prevent pressure ulcers and deep tissue injury.Our aim was to monitor the internal stresses in the residuum of transt... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611870 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611878&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002463%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We tested alternate forms of the walking while talking (WWT) dual task. ► Four WWT trials with initial letter from beginning (a, b) or mid-alphabet (m, n). ► Differences between beginning and mid-alphabet trials but not shared points. ► Alternating between shared alphabet points on WWT trials reduces practice effects.Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop alternate forms of the walking while talking (WWT) dual task, and to determine whether beginning the WWT in mid-alphabet vs. at the beginning of the alphabet, affects task outcomes. Alternate test forms help reduce practice effects leading to more precise estimates of change over time. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 145 community-residing older adults (mean age, 79.2±6.8y) without dementia or depres... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611878 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611864&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002566%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: Everyday ambulation requires navigation of variable terrain, transitions from wide to narrow pathways, and avoiding obstacles. While the effect of age on the transition to a narrow path has been examined briefly, little is known about the impact of fear of falling on gait during the transition to a narrow path. The purpose was to examine the effect of age and fear of falling on gait during transition to a narrow path.Methods: In 31 young, mean age=25.3 years, and 30 older adults, mean age=79.6 years, step length, step time, step width and gait speed were examined during usual and transition to narrow pathway using an instrumented walkway.Findings: During the transition to narrow walk condition, fearful older adults compared to young had a wider step width (0.06m vs 0.... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611864 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611863&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002554%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Isometric knee extensor strength has a minimal effect on postural sway in heavier athletic individuals during normal quiet stance. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611863 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611851&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002414%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the use of a single magnetometer is an accurate tool for step counting over varied surfaces. These small sensors are easy to set up and to use and the signal processing is robust, making the MAG method highly applicable for clinical purposes, especially for the analysis of long walking periods in daily life conditions. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611851 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611848&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002293%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The results showed that the MPP and PTI are highly interdependent in those foot regions most at risk for plantar ulceration in patients wearing commonly prescribed footwear. Since MPP has been shown to date to be the clinically more relevant parameter of the two, these results suggest that the value of reporting PTI in addition to MPP in the same diabetic footwear study is small. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611848 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611872&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002803%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gait pattern classification may assist in clinical decision making and cluster analysis (CA) has been often adopted to this aim. The goal of this study was to identify, through CA, typical walking patterns in a group of 21 young subjects with CMT1A, a hereditary progressive neuropathy, and to study possible correlation with the disease's clinical status. The protocol included kinematic/kinetic analysis of natural walking and more demanding locomotor tasks, i.e. toe- and heel-walking. Hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on parameters related to primary signs (foot-drop and push-off deficit) and, separately, to compensatory mechanisms at proximal (pelvis, hip and knee) or distal (ankle) level.CA on primary signs during natural walking identified three clusters: (1) pseudo... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611872 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611865&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002578%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We tested gait under single and dual-task conditions in adults with normal cognition, MCI, and AD. ► Single-task testing, walking at usual speed, did not distinguish between the three groups. ► Gait disturbances were present only in dual-task test conditions for MCI and AD. ► Gait disturbances in MCI were similar in magnitude to those seen in older adults with AD. ► We recommend dual-task gait testing to detect fall risk in all cognitively impaired older adults.Abstract: Gait impairment is a prominent falls risk factor and a prevalent feature among older adults with cognitive impairment. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on gait performance and fall risk covering the continuum from normal cognition through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611865 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611855&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002451%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: ET patients experience a loss of confidence in balance. The subgroup of patients with head tremor experienced the most gait and balance difficulty, with nearly one-in-two having had multiple near misses or falls during the previous year. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611855 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611876&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002840%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study rate of force development (RFD) and impulse of the knee extensors were examined in 12 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) (age: 11.9±2.9 years) and 11 with typical development (TD) (Age: 11.3±3.0 years). The relationship with muscle architecture and functional mobility was also determined. RFD and impulse were calculated during a maximal isometric knee extension contraction. Rectus femoris (RF) cross-sectional area and RF and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle thickness (MT), fascicle length (FL), and fascicle angle (FA) were measured using ultrasound imaging. Gait temporal–spatial parameters, Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), and Activities Scale for Kids performance version (ASKp) were collected. Although VL MT was the primary determinant of RFD ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611876 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611868&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100275X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Selective motor control (SMC) is an important determinant of functioning in cerebral palsy (CP). Currently its assessment is based on subjective clinical tests with a low sensitivity. Electromyography (EMG) profiles during gait represent muscle coordination and might be used to assess SMC.EMG measurements during gait were processed into a measure of extensor synergy and thigh synergy. This was obtained in two groups of children with CP, and 30 typically developing children.Extensor synergy in CP was higher (0.95) than in healthy children (0.77), thigh synergy was almost equal in both groups. GMFM scores in the first group of 39 children with CP did not correlate to EMG based synergy measures. In a second group of 38 children with CP, a clear relation of clinical SMC score with ex... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611868 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288095&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002335%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Gait variability is a potentially important outcome of gait. ► We systematically reviewed the clinimetric properties of gait variability. ► Reliability estimates from 10 included studies were mostly fair to moderate. ► Protocols for testing varied and standard of reporting was generally poor. ► Recommendations for testing and interpretation of gait variability are given.Abstract: Gait variability (stride-to-stride fluctuations) is used increasingly as a marker for gait performance and future mobility status, cognitive status, and falls. This structured review explicitly examined literature that reported on the reliability, validity and responsiveness of gait variability in older adults. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDRO, Biomechanics... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288095 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611879&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002505%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that pressure, force, area, and time measurements can be reliably collected from pedobaragraphic platforms, but no studies have analyzed geometric measurements. The purpose of this study was to establish the test–retest reliability of geometric measurements obtained during gait at a self-selected speed using a two-step approach. Data were collected on both feet for 10 healthy participants using the emed-x platform. Reliability of 15 geometric measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). All 15 measurements were demonstrated to be reliable (ICC>0.8), with 12 measurements ICC>0.90. Collection of geometric measurements at a self-selected pace with the emed-x platform was found to be reliable and can be used for inves... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611879 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611859&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002517%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gait speed and unilateral lower limb loading on step time and step length symmetry in healthy adults. Spatiotemporal gait data were collected from 22 healthy subjects (11 men, 11 women), using the GaitRite walkway, under four randomly sequenced test conditions: self-selected speed (SS), fast speed (F), self-selected speed with the right leg loaded (LSS), and the fastest attainable speed with the right leg loaded (LF). The symmetry index, calculated with the formula [((R−L)/0.5×(R+L))×100], was used to quantify step time and step length symmetry. It was found that over-ground gait speed had no significant effects on the symmetry of step time or step length. Unilateral lower limb loading significantly increased step time a... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611859 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611858&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002499%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Both the hip and knee contralateral to a total hip replacement (THR) have an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) progression, and ultimate joint replacement. It is also known that abnormal gait contributes to OA progression. For these reasons, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of contralateral hip and knee gait during the first year after unilateral THR to determine whether abnormal contralateral gait biomechanics emerge after THR. We analyzed the sagittal plane dynamic range of motion and 3D peak external moments from the asymptomatic hip and knee contralateral to a THR in a group of 26 subjects, evaluated preoperatively, and 3, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after THR, and a group of control subjects. We used t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA to test the hypotheses that contralate... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611858 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611857&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002487%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Post-stroke, there is a risk of falling during transfers, such as sit-to-walk (STW). ► Force generation during STW was examined in a stroke and a control group. ► Intra- and interlimb dys-coordination was demonstrated in the stroke group. ► Further, substantial use of braking impulses post-stroke was found. ► These results are suggested to be important to consider in stroke rehabilitation.Abstract: Force generation during sit-to-walk (STW) post-stroke is a poorly studied area, although STW is a common daily transfer giving rise to a risk of falling in persons with disability. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare strategies for anterior–posterior (AP) force generation prior to seat-off during the STW transfer in both subjects with stroke and in mat... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611857 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611856&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002475%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The study of postural control processes during locomotion may provide useful outcome measures of stability for people with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). Since nonlinear analysis techniques can characterize complex behaviour of a system, this may highlight mechanisms underlying dynamic stability in locomotion, although only few efforts have been made. In particular, there have been no studies that use recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), which can be applied even to short and non-stationary data. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method for walking balance assessment measuring the complexity of head, trunk and pelvis three-dimensional accelerations and angular velocities during normal overground locomotion by means of RQA in normal subjects and UVH pa... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611856 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611881&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002384%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Responsiveness is a critical measurement property that has received less attention to date than other measurement properties such as reliability and validity. In a recent short communication in Gait and Posture Goldberg et al. provided information on the responsiveness of the single-limb stance test (SLST) . Specifically, they reported a minimum detectable change (MDC95) of 24.1s. While I do not doubt the veracity of their findings, the magnitude of the MDC95 that they report strikes me as large. I find it doubtful that many older adults would demonstrate such a large increase in stance time over the course of an effective rehabilitation intervention. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611881 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611861&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002530%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of symmetric and asymmetric foot placements on joint moments during sit-to-stand movements. Three symmetric (foot-neutral, foot-back, and foot-intermediate) and three asymmetric foot placements (preferred stagger, nonpreferred stagger, and intermediate stagger) were tested. Standard (46cm) and low (41cm) seat heights were chosen to represent an average public seat height and a 10% lower seat height. Using inverse dynamics, maximum ankle plantarflexion, knee extension, hip extension, and hip abduction moments were calculated. Hip extension moments were significantly increased when using foot-neutral as compared to foot-back. Ankle plantarflexion and knee extension moments were significantly increased when a foot was placed in ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611861 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611854&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100244X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study quantified lower-extremity joint kinematics, estimated whole body center of mass height (COMVT), and minimum toe clearance (MTC) while 15 healthy, young subjects walked on level ground (LG) and a destabilizing loose rock surface (RS) at four controlled speeds. There were no significant differences in average step parameters (length, time, or width) between the walking surfaces. However, the variability of these parameters increased twofold on the RS compared to LG. When walking on the RS, subjects contacted the surface with a flatter foot and increased knee and hip flexion, which enabled them to lower COMVT. Subjects exhibited increased hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during swing on the RS. These changes contributed to a 3.8 times greater MTC on the RS compared to L... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611854 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611853&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002438%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we investigated the effect of a mechanical perturbation of unexpected timing during human running. With the use of a powered exoskeleton, we evoked a dorsiflexion of the right ankle during its swing phase while subjects ran on a treadmill. The perturbation resulted in an increase of the right ankle dorsiflexion of at least 5°. The first two as well as the next five steps after the perturbation were analyzed to observe the possible immediate and late biomechanical adjustments. In all cases subjects continued to run after the perturbation. The immediate adjustments were the greatest and the most frequent when the delay between the right ankle perturbation and the subsequent right foot touch-down was the shortest. For example, the vertical impact peak force was strongly modifie... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611853 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288114&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002372%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aims to characterize gait pattern alterations of type 2 diabetic adults without peripheral neuropathy during walking at maximum speed (fast-walking) as well as at self-selected speed (usual-walking). One-hundred and eighty-six participants aged 60–87 from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) able to walk unassisted and without peripheral neuropathy were classified as non-diabetic (N=160) or having type 2 diabetes (N=26). Gait parameters from the fast-walking and usual-walking tests were compared between participants with and without type 2 diabetes. Participants with diabetes had a shorter stride length for fast-walking (p=0.033) and a longer percentage of the gait cycle with the knee in 1st flexion for both fast- and usual-walking (p=0.033, and 0.040, respectively... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288114 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288113&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002360%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of a temporary high custom made orthopaedic shoe on functional mobility, walking speed, and gait characteristics in hemiplegic stroke patients. In addition, interference of attentional demands and patient satisfaction were studied.Design: Clinical experimental study.Setting: University Medical Centre.Participants: Nineteen stroke patients (12 males; mean age 55 years (standard deviation (SD) 10 years); mean time post onset 3.6 months (SD 1.4 months)) with a spastic paresis of the lower extremity.Main outcome measures: Functional mobility was assessed with the timed up and go test, walking speed and gait characteristics were measured with clinical gait analysis and performed with and without a verbal dual task. Patient satisfaction was determine... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288113 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288108&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002281%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Spasticity of the rectus femoris (RF) is one of the possible causes of stiff knee gait (SKG) in cerebral palsy. Musculoskeletal studies have shown that in SKG, length and speed of the RF are affected. No evaluation had been made to quantify the modifications of those parameters after surgery. The effect of this operation on gait quality and on RF kinematics was assessed in this study in order to identify kinematic patterns that may aid its diagnosis.For 26 transfers, clinical gait analysis pre- and post-surgery was used to compute the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and Goldberg's index. The kinematics of the Original RF path (ORFp) was studied before and after surgery. The expression ORFp was chosen to avoid any confusion between this modeling parameter, whose computation was unchang... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288108 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611852&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002426%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► No systematic evaluation of the normal trunk movement development has yet been made. ► We analyzed data of n=85 healthy normal-walking children. ► Sagittal thorax and spine movement was found to be gradually associated with age. ► In contrast, frontal and transverse spine and pelvic movement depended mainly on speed. ► Age dependency has to be considered with respect to thorax and spine movements.Abstract: Background: Gait analysis is an increasingly used tool in the evaluation of neurological or orthopaedic problems in children. A good insight into age-related changes in normal paediatric gait is necessary to evaluate gait inefficiency caused by pathological walking patterns in children. However, no systematic evaluation of the normal development of trunk movement ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611852 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288112&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002347%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► We determined balance measures that best predicted ankle group membership. ► Functional ankle instability (FAI) and stable ankles served as groups. ► Balance was quantified with center-of-pressure velocity/area and error score. ► Center-of-pressure velocity and error score detected different aspects of balance. ► Clinicians can use either measure to identify balance deficits for FAI.Abstract: A number of instrumented and non-instrumented measures are used to detect balance deficits associated with functional ankle instability (FAI). Determining outcome measures that detect balance deficits associated with FAI might assist clinicians in identifying impairments that may otherwise go undetected with less responsive balance measures. Thus, our objective was to determine... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288112 Fri, 26 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611850&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002402%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: To examine the age-related deterioration in postural control, we investigated the association between postural sway during quiet standing and either amplitude of physiological tremor or muscle volume of the plantar flexors in 20 young and 20 elderly adults. They maintained a quiet standing position on a force platform for 60s with their eyes open or closed. During quiet standing, physiological tremors detected using a piezoresistive accelerometer were recorded from the soleus muscle, and the center of pressure (COP) displacement and body acceleration in the antero-posterior direction were calculated using the ground reaction forces as an assessment of postural sway. Muscle volume was predicted from muscle thickness by an ultrasonographic image. The physiological tremor of the sol... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611850 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5611850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288115&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002396%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► In-shoe plantar pressures were compared in older people wearing new prefabricated orthoses and orthoses that had been worn for at least 12 months. ► Both orthoses produced significant reductions in heel pressure and increases in midfoot force and contact area compared to the shoe only condition. ► There were only small differences between new and old orthoses. ► Prefabricated orthoses largely retain their function over a 12 month period.Abstract: Foot problems are highly prevalent in older people. To treat such problems in this age-group prefabricated (‘off-the-shelf’) foot orthoses are frequently prescribed. However, such devices are susceptible to material compression and deformation, which may reduce their effectiveness over time. Therefore, the aim of this stu... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288115 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288106&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002256%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Dynamic radiographic imaging systems could provide accurate skeletal kinematics during clinically relevant, daily activities. ► It has not been evaluated whether such systems effect people's natural movement. ► For one dynamic radiographic imaging platform, the differences in people's motion during gait between tracking and non-tracking were small and potentially clinically irrelevant.Abstract: Dynamic fluoroscopic imaging and three-dimensional model-image registration techniques provide detailed joint kinematic measurements for motions constrained to small volumes of space. Several groups are working to mount radiographic imaging hardware onto mobile platforms to provide these same imaging capabilities for observation of unrestricted activities. These dynamic radiograp... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288106 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288109&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100230X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Pregnant women are at a high risk of experiencing a fall. To our knowledge, ground reaction forces (GRFs) in pregnant fallers and non-fallers have not been reported.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pregnancy and fall history on GRFs during walking.Methods: Forty one pregnant subjects in the mid 2nd and 3rd trimesters (pregnant fallers: n=15, pregnant non-fallers: n=14), and 40 control women walked at a freely chosen walking speed along an 8m walkway. A force plate, hidden in the walkway, was used to collect GRFs (1080Hz). Kinematic data (120Hz) were collected from a marker placed on the lumbar spine to estimate walking velocity. GRF variables included mediolateral Center of Pressure (COP) excursion, and GRFs normalized to body mass. A two factor AN... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288109 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288102&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002219%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study used gait data for twenty subjects while running in four different orthotic conditions (control, posted, molded, and posted-molded) from a previous study. Data for one exemplar participant was used to demonstrate the visualization technique. In this visualization, areas on an output map represent certain characteristics of the gait cycle. By comparing trials of gait in different orthotic conditions a visual analysis of high-dimensional coordination is possible. Posting orthoses were shown to reduce and molded orthoses were shown to increase ankle mobility, respectively. However, when posting and molding were combined, the effects of the molded orthoses over-rode those of the posted orthoses. In fact, trials using posted-molded orthoses enhanced the effects of molded orthoses. SO... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288102 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288111&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002323%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Wheelchair dependent children with neuropathic and neuromuscular diseases have up to 90% risk for progressive spine deformities. An unbalanced sitting can induce progression of spinal and pelvic deformities. Many current clinical assessment methods of sitting of such patients are semi-quantitative, or questionnaire-based. A 3D movement analysis offers quantitative and objective biomechanical analysis of sitting.The aim was to validate a method to describe quiet sitting and differences between patients and controls as well as to apply the methodology for pre- and post-operative comparison. The analysis was performed on 14 patients and 10 controls. Four patients were retested after spine surgery.Seat load asymmetry was up to 30% in the patient group comparing to maximum 7% in the c... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288111 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288110&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002311%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This study provides the first detailed description of dynamic stability during stair ambulation with and without a handrail. Observations from those with FOF aid in understanding the nature of compensations to improve actual and perceived stability. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288110 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288118&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100227X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: When quantifying the mechanics of gait, it is important to ensure that subjects maintain a consistent walking velocity during gait analysis trials. Most methods of measuring walking velocity do not produce data until after the subject has completed the trial. This often results in discarding completed trials from analysis because the subject's velocity was not within an acceptable range. Real-time feedback of position data can be used to help subjects adjust their walking velocity during the trial, when necessary. Results from 14 subjects who participated in gait analysis using real-time feedback to monitor their walking velocity show that they were able to stay within an acceptable range of their target walking velocities (each subject's preferred velocity and 150% of their pref... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288118 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288107&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002268%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: It has been previously suggested that coupled upper and limb movements need visuomotor coordination to be achieved. Previous studies have not investigated the role that visual cues may play in the coordination of locomotion and prehension. The aim of this study was to investigate if lower peripheral visual cues provide online control of the coordination of locomotion and prehension as they have been showed to do during adaptive gait and level walking. Twelve subjects reached a semi-empty or a full glass with their dominant or non-dominant hand at gait termination. Two binocular visual conditions were investigated: normal vision and lower visual occlusion. Outcome measures were determined using 3D motion capture techniques. Results showed that although the subjects were able to su... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288107 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288098&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002165%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Techniques have been developed to analyze walking gait using accelerometer and gyroscope data from miniature inertial measurement units (IMU), but few attempts have been made to use similar approaches for running gait. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm capable of estimating running speed using a single shank-mounted IMU. Raw acceleration and angular velocity were recorded from an IMU sensor attached on the lateral side of the shank in the sagittal plane and a method of reliably detecting the shank vertical and the minimal shank velocity gait event was used to segment a running sequence into individual strides. Through integration, the orientation of the shank segment was determined and an estimate of stride-by-stride running speed was calculated by integrating... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288098 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288117&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002190%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: While a stable trunk and centre of mass (CoM) trajectory are required during lifting, it is unclear how stability is controlled. Thirty healthy participants (15M, 15F) performed repetitive, symmetric lifting at 10 cycles per minute for 3min with a load-in-hands equivalent to 10% of their maximum back strength. Short- and long-term maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponents (λmax-s and λmax-l), describing responses to small (local) perturbations, estimated the local dynamic stability of the foot, shank, thigh, pelvis, lower back, and upper back segments. Instability (λmax-s) significantly increased when moving up the kinematic chain (p (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288117 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288105&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002244%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Lower extremity amputation not only limits mobility, but also increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis of the intact limb. Dynamic walking models of non-amputees suggest that pushing-off from the trailing limb can reduce collision forces on the leading limb. These collision forces may determine the peak knee external adduction moment (EAM), which has been linked to the development of knee OA in the general population. We therefore hypothesized that greater prosthetic push-off would lead to reduced loading and knee EAM of the intact limb in unilateral transtibial amputees.Seven unilateral transtibial amputees were studied during gait under three prosthetic foot conditions that were intended to vary push-off. Prosthetic foot-ankle push-off work, intact limb knee EAM and ground rea... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288105 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288103&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002220%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Previous literature has shown that individuals can develop transient low back pain (LBP) during a 2-h bout of unconstrained prolonged standing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postural changes of individuals who develop LBP during standing (PD) and those who do not (NPD). Forty-one subjects (20 male, 21 female) participated in a 2-h prolonged standing occupational simulation and recorded their ratings of perceived LBP on a visual analog scale (VAS). Center of pressure changes (shifts, drifts, and fidgets) and body weight shifts were determined for each subject. All subjects showed an increase in the BW shift frequency and a decrease in average shift duration over the 2-h protocol. All NPD and female PD were consistent for many of the variables; however, male PD d... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288103 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288100&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002189%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A similar pattern of balance impairment was present in patients with whiplash injury with and without MTBI. However, the impairment was greater for stance and complex gait tasks in WAD patients with MTBI. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288100 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288101&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002207%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of concurrent cognitive task (silent backward counting) on balance performance between two groups of multiple sclerosis (MS) (n=23) and healthy (n=23) participates. Three levels of postural difficulty were studied on a force platform, i.e. rigid surface with eyes open, rigid surface with eyes closed, and foam surface with eyes closed. A mixed model analysis of variance showed that under difficult sensory condition of foam surface with eyes closed, execution of concurrent cognitive task caused a significant decrement in variability of sway velocity in anteroposterior direction for the patient group (P (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288101 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288096&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100213X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study investigated the effect of plantar desensitization on the APAs for step initiation. Twenty-five healthy young adults participated in this study and were instructed to begin walking as fast as possible under 4 plantar desensitization conditions, none (NoneD), and desensitization of the stepping, supporting or bilateral (BilD) plantar surfaces, with eyes open or closed. The desensitization was achieved by cold water immersion of the plantar surface for 15min. Foot switches recorded the timing of the stepping events. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded the activation of bilateral tibialis anterior. The center of pressure (COP) and ground reaction force (GRF) data were derived from the force platform on which the subject initiated walking. The results showed that during the anti... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288096 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288104&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002232%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study we examined the sit-to-stand (STS) movement by comparing coordination (phasing, weight-shift and spinal movement) between AT teachers (n=15) and matched control subjects (n=14). We found AT teachers had a longer weight-shift (p (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288104 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198405&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002104%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Analysis of pedobarographical data requires geometric identification of specific anatomical areas extracted from recorded plantar pressures. This approach has led to ambiguity in measurements that may underlie the inconsistency of conclusions reported in pedobarographical studies. The goal of this study was to design a new analysis method less susceptible to the projection accuracy of anthropometric points and distance estimation, based on rarely used spatio-temporal indices. Six pedobarographic records per person (three per foot) from a group of 60 children aged 11–12 years were obtained and analyzed. The basis of the analysis was a mutual relationship between two spatio-temporal indices created by excursion of the peak pressure point and the center-of-pressure point on the dy... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198405 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288099&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002177%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of this study therefore, was to investigate if patients post-stroke manage to stabilise walking patterns during a 5-min familiarisation-trial on the treadmill with BWS.Method: 35 patients post-stroke walked on a treadmill at preferred speed and with 20 percent BWS during a 5-min familiarisation-period. A body-worn sensor assessed trunk acceleration. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for pairwise comparisons of successive 30s intervals during familiarisation, and one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to investigate if there were linear trends between intervals.Results: Mean ICCs across all variables stabilised above 0.90 after 3min. Across intervals, walk ratio, cadence and step length obtained mean ICCs that were high, while interstride trunk... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288099 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198407&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002128%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Heel wedges may influence standing posture but how and to what extent are unknown. Thirty-two children with motor disorders – 16 with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) and 16 with cerebral palsy (CP) – and 19 control children underwent a three-dimensional motion analysis. Unassisted standing during 20s with shoes only and with heel lifts of 10, 20 and 30mm heights was recorded in a randomized order. The more weight-bearing limb or the right limb was chosen for analysis. In both the AMC and CP groups, significant changes were seen between various heel lifts in ankle, knee and pelvis, and in the control group in the ankle only. Between orthosis and non-orthosis users significant differences were seen between different heel lift conditions in ankle, knee and trunk in the ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198407 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288116&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002153%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Laboratory based gait analysis techniques are expensive, time consuming and require technical expertise. Inertial measurement units can directly measure temporal parameters and in combination with gait models may provide a solution to obtain spatial gait measurements within daily clinical assessments. However it is not known if a model and standard correction factor determined by Zijlstra and Hof to estimate step and stride length parameters in typically developed adults (TDA) can be accurately used in neurologically impaired gaits.This research estimated the stride length over two 10m walks at self selected walking speed in people with neurological conditions, using a previously established model and correction factor for TDA. The relation of the correction factor to walking spe... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288116 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5288097&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002141%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This paper focused on the relationship between active muscular tension along the torso and postural equilibrium while standing. Eleven healthy male subjects underwent a posturographic examination associated with a bimanual compression of a dynamometric bar, which was used to set the torso muscular activity at three different levels (0MVC, 20MVC, 40MVC). Electromyographic pre-tests identified the main superficial muscles of the compressive load as: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, thoracic and lumbar erector spinae. Kinematics of the chest wall was recorded by means of two sensing belts, in order to assess the respiratory component of the center of pressure (CP) signal. The analysis of time-domain stabilometric parameters showed that CP displacements were larger and faster in 4... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5288097 Mon, 18 Jul 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5288097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198410&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002050%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined gait behavior while stepping over a 10cm obstacle placed in the middle of an 8m walkway. The four obstacle crossings that preceded a spontaneous obstacle contact were compared to the eight obstacle crossings subsequent to the contact. Foot position before the obstacle was not modified following the obstacle contact. However, toe clearance and peak toe elevation increased in the limb that was tripped; the unperturbed limb showed no differences. These findings demonstrate that the sensory information of the perturbed limb proactively influenced the ipsilateral but not the contralateral limb, supporting the idea that the lead and trail limb are controlled independently during obstacle crossing. The proactive adaptation lasted for at least eight trials, suggesting that an u... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198410 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198406&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002116%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) parameters during stair ascent and descent in the elderly. Forty-two elderly subjects (80.1 SD 6.4 years) were asked to perform three stair ascents and descents at their self-selected normal speed. VGRF were measured during two consecutive steps on an instrumented staircase. Force–time curves where then parameterized into force, force-time and time variables, according to a previously suggested protocol. In addition, force and force-time variables were normalized to body weight. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) type (2, 1) and coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated. Force variables showed moderate to good reliability for the normalized values with ICCs ranging fro... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198406 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198402&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002037%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study measured the postures of older people during cooking and laundry. A sample of men and women aged 75+ years (n=27) was recruited and observed in a home-like environment. Postures were recorded with a measurement system in an objective and detailed manner. The participants were videotaped to be able to see where ‘critical’ postures occurred, as defined by a trunk inclination of ≥60°. Analysis of data was facilitated by specially developed software. Critical postures accounted for 3% of cooking and 10% of laundry, occurring primarily during retrieving from and putting in lower cabinets, the refrigerator, laundry basket or washing machine as well as disposing into the waste bin. These tasks involve a great variation in postural changes and pose a particular risk to older peop... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198402 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198404&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002062%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In complete spinal cord injured (cSCI) subjects a shift from dominant early (60–120ms latency) to dominant late (120–450ms latency) spinal reflex (SR) components occurs over time after injury. This shift is assumed to reflect a spinal neuronal dysfunction below the level of a spinal lesion. The neuronal pathways of SR are suggested to be closely connected with spinal locomotor circuits. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the two SR components on the electromyographic (EMG) pattern induced by assisted locomotion in cSCI subjects. Leg muscle EMG activity was analysed during assisted locomotion in both healthy and motor cSCI subjects. SR were evoked by non-noxious tibial nerve stimulation during mid-stance phase of the gait cycle. Early and late SR components ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198404 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198403&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002049%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined LCW to understand whether and how healthy people adjust the temporal relationship (TR) between the trunk and leg for balance control. Ten subjects were recruited to perform unloaded walking and LCW. The TR between the trunk and leg was measured by the continuous relative phase. The maximum forward displacement of the COM with respective to the BOS (FDCOMBOS) was recorded during the stance phase. We found that the TR was shifted in LCW, and the shift was associated with a decrease in the maximum FDCOMBOS. The findings suggest that the TR between the trunk and leg contributes to balance control, and it may be a variable that needs to be addressed in gait rehabilitation. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198403 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198384&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001482%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The standing test for imbalance and disequilibrium (SIDE) is a discriminative measure developed for the purpose of identifying balance deficits that may cause falls. The purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of the sequence of postures used in SIDE. Subjects comprised 30 men with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 21.9±3.11 years (range 19–32 years) and 30 women with a mean age of 20.7±1.24 years (range 19–23 years). Center of pressure (COP) was measured using a stabilometer recording for 30s with a 20-Hz sampling frequency. The measurement postures that were similar to postures adopted in the SIDE were: standing with feet 20cm apart; standing with legs close and the insides of both feet touching; two tandem standing positions (with the dominant foot ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198384 Sun, 10 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198401&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001883%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although plantar pressure measurement systems are being used increasingly during gait analyses to investigate foot orthotics, there is limited information describing test–retest reliability of such measurements. Objectives of this study were to (1) examine the test–retest reliability of lateral heel pressure (LHP) and centre of pressure (COP) during walking with and without lateral heel wedges, and (2) evaluate the effects of 4° and 8° lateral heel wedges on the magnitude of LHP, the pathway of the COP and the peak external knee adduction moment (KAM) in subjects with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA). Twenty-six subjects, 12 patients with knee OA and 14 healthy subjects, were evaluated during three lateral heel wedge conditions (control, 4° and 8°) with standardized f... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198401 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198398&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001846%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Multiple trials are recommended for GI component measurement and the median may provide the best summary measure across trials. Time to FLM is the GI component measure of choice in older people due to its relationship with other factors and responsiveness to cognitive interference but without advantage over overall time to GI. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198398 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198400&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001871%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study evaluated mechanical energy transfers attributed to active force production during stair negotiation in young and older adults to provide insight into age-related changes in mechanical efficiency. Secondary analysis on data obtained from 23 young (23.7±3.0 years) and 32 older adults (67.0±8.2 years) during self-paced stair ascent and descent was conducted. Mechanical energy expenditures (MEE) during concentric transfer, eccentric transfer and no-transfer phases were determined for the ankle, knee and hip power profiles in the sagittal plane. Mechanical energy compensations (MEC) were also determined at each joint. During ascent, MEEs were similar for young and older adults although older adults compensated ankle muscles to a lesser extent during concentric muscle action. Contr... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198400 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198399&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001858%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In plantar pressure measurement, both peak pressure and pressure time integral are used as variables to assess plantar loading. However, pressure time integral shows a high concordance with peak pressure. Many researchers and clinicians use Novel software (Novel GmbH Inc., Munich, Germany) that calculates this variable as the summation of the products of peak pressure and duration per time sample, which is not a genuine integral of pressure over time. Therefore, an alternative calculation method was introduced. The aim of this study was to explore the relevance of this alternative method, in different populations. Plantar pressure variables were measured in 76 people with diabetic polyneuropathy, 33 diabetic controls without polyneuropathy and 19 healthy subjects. Peak pressure a... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198399 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198395&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001810%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of the present study is to validate if such an approach, targeting the ankle, could specifically promote an increased activation of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles that are of key importance for the rehabilitation of foot drop.Methods: 12 adults, with no gait deficit, walked on a treadmill for three periods of 5min: before, during and after exposure to a torque perturbation applied by a robotized ankle-foot orthosis that tended to plantarflex the ankle during the swing phase. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, ankle and knee kinematics, and the electromyographic activity of five lower limb muscle groups were recorded.Results: The perturbation initially caused a deviation of the ankle towards plantarflexion. This movement error was rapidly reduced and associated with a large increa... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198395 Wed, 06 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198409&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100186X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: When performing inverse dynamics analysis, smoothing kinematic and force platform data at different cutoff frequencies creates an “impact” like artifact that is visible in the joint moments during impulsive activity. Here we illustrate a processing technique in which inverse dynamics analysis is performed on the raw kinematic and force platform data and the joint reaction forces and moments are subsequently smoothed based on the frequency content of the distal reaction force. The effectiveness of this technique is illustrated on forward dynamics simulation data with known intersegmental loads. We then apply the technique to an experimental data set of 10 subjects running at three prescribed speeds. We show that performing inverse dynamics on the raw data and subsequently smoo... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198409 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198397&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001834%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the majority of CP children referred to the gait laboratory exhibited some degree of reduced FZ2 and can be categorised as having a ‘Ben Lomonding’ gait pattern. ‘Ben Lomonding,’ is the term used to describe this phenomenon of reduced FZ2, as the shape of the GRF graph resembles the shape of the Scottish mountain, Ben Lomond, which has two peaks, the second peak being much smaller than the first. Crucially, clinicians should be aware that nearly half of the CP children in this study were in difficulty supporting their BW in late stance and must use compensatory mechanisms to prevent collapse of the affected limb. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198397 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198396&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001822%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Gait analysis changes surgical decision-making. ► Gait analysis reinforces surgical decision-making. ► RCT provides a higher level of evidence demonstrating impact of gait analysis.Abstract: Previous studies examining the influence of gait analysis on surgical decision-making have been limited by the lack of a control group. The aim of this study was to use data from a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of gait analysis on surgical decision-making in children with cerebral palsy (CP). 178 ambulatory children with CP (110 male; age 10.3±3.8 years) being considered for lower extremity orthopaedic surgery underwent gait analysis and were randomized into one of two groups: gait report group (N=90), where the orthopaedic surgeon received the gait analysis ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198396 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198412&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002712%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198412 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198411&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002724%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The authors wish to correct the typographical error introduced in Table 1 of the above-mentioned article. The corrected version should read (corrected text italicized for reference): (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198411 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198383&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002657%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198383 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198382&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002645%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198382 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198391&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001767%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We examined anticipatory grasp control in older adults during a functional, daily task: object transport while walking. ► Older adults maintained anticipatory control of grasping forces during regular walking and during step length changes. ► Grasp control changes in older adults occurred during obstacle crossing, suggesting that overall task demands (balance requirements, attention demands) may contribute to declines of manual dexterity during functional tasks.Abstract: The ability to manipulate objects deteriorates with increasing age. In the coordination of fingertip forces underlying object manipulation, older adults use excessive grip (normal) forces but maintain anticipatory force control during simple manipulations. Daily activities are often more complex and involve grasp manip... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198391 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198390&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001755%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging to measure. We asked whether a repetitive stepping in place (SIP) task on force plates could identify freezing episodes (FEs) in PD subjects, self-classified as “freezers”, using the validated FOG questionnaire (FOG-Q) and whether a computerized algorithm could provide automatic detection of FEs during SIP. Thirty PD subjects and nine age-matched controls completed the SIP task. PD subjects were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating motor Scale (UPDRS-III) and the FOG-Q. The identification of “freezers” using the SIP task correlated with the FOG-Q (r=0.80, P (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198390 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198388&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001731%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study quantified the accuracy of inertial sensors in 3D anatomical joint angle measurement with respect to an instrumented gimbal. The gimbal rotated about three axes and directly measured the angles in the ISB recommended knee joint coordinate system. Through the use of sensor attachment devices physically fixed to the gimbal, the joint angle estimation error due to sensor attachment (the inaccuracy of the sensor attachment matrix) was essentially eliminated, leaving only error due to the inertial sensors. The angle estimation error (RMSE) corresponding to the sensor was found to be 3.20° in flexion/extension, 3.42° in abduction/adduction and 2.88° in internal/external rotation. Bland–Altman means of maximum absolute value were −1.63° inflexion/extension, 3.22° in abduction/... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198388 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198394&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001809%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, the tested measurements and calculations appear to constitute a reliable way of quantifying one important aspect of balance capacity in fit older people. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198394 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198389&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001743%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study compared the accuracy of HJC localization from two sets of regression equations and five different functional calibration methods against three dimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) on a population of 19 able bodied subjects. Results show that the geometric sphere fitting technique was the best performer with mean absolute distance error of 15mm and 85% of measurements being within 20mm. The results also show that widely used regression equations perform particularly badly whereas the most recent equations performed very closely to the best functional method with a mean absolute error of 16mm and 88% of measurements being within 20mm. In vivo results are more than an order of magnitude worse than predictions using synthetic data suggesting that additional work is required before soft t... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198389 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198408&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001792%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Signals from skin-mounted accelerometers may contain measurement error when compared to those obtained from bone-mounted sensors. While this error may be minimized through various techniques, additional error may arise as a result of accelerometer removal from the skin and subsequent replacement. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if skin-mounted accelerometer signals remain similar before and after sensor replacement when sensors are stimulated within a consistent vibration environment. The spines of five porcine and five human cadavers were vibrated non-invasively and the resulting response measured using accelerometers glued to the skin overlying the vertebrae of interest (T-9 in porcine cadavers, L2-L4 in human cadavers). Accelerometers were removed, then replace... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198408 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198393&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001780%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Older people with toe deformities have been identified as having an increased risk of falling. Little is known, however, about the biomechanical changes that might contribute to this increased risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether older people with hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities displayed different gait, balance and plantar pressure characteristics compared to individuals without toe deformities. The presence of hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities were assessed for 312 community-dwelling older men and women. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured using the GAITrite® system, postural sway was assessed on two surfaces using a sway-meter and dynamic plantar pressure distribution was measured using an Emed-AT4 pressure plate. The re... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198393 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198387&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001718%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, although practice standing on a perturbing surface improved postural stability, the more body sway information provided to subjects using ABF, the greater the additional improvement in postural stability. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198387 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198385&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001688%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Highlights: ► Joint moments as key factors in understanding gait abnormalities. ► Keeping gait velocity constant as a strategy to cancel out influences of gait speed. ► Different combinations of stride length–stride frequency for the same velocity. ► We studied the isolated influence of different stride lengths on gait parameters. ► A change in stride lengths alters joint moments and foot pressures.Abstract: Purpose: Joint moments have been acknowledged as key factors in understanding gait abnormalities. Gait velocity is further known to affect joint moments and foot pressures. Keeping gait velocity constant is thus a strategy to cancel out the influence of different preferred gait speed between groups. But even if gait velocity is controlled, individuals can choose different s... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198385 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198392&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001779%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, gaze-behaviour was investigated in elderly, middle-aged and young subjects as they walked on a treadmill repeatedly stepping over obstacles, which approached either on the right or left side. In between obstacle-steps, subjects visually fixated a target N or F located two or four steps ahead on the floor, respectively. An acoustic warning signal announced the obstacles, after which subjects were free to look wherever they wanted. Gaze-movements were measured by video-oculography. Four conditions with 20 obstacles were conducted (two with target N, two with target F). In two conditions, high-precision stepping was investigated by asking subjects to step with minimal foot-clearance over the obstacles, while receiving acoustic feedback about their performance. In the high-preci... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198392 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5198386&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100169X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Turning plays a prominent role in daily living activities and requires the modulation of the ground reaction forces to accelerate the body's center-of-mass along the path of the turn. With the ankle plantarflexors being prominent contributors to the propulsive ground reaction forces, it is not clear how transtibial amputees perform turning tasks without these important muscles. The purpose of this study was to identify the compensatory mechanisms used by transtibial amputees during a simple turning task by analyzing the radial and anterior–posterior ground reaction impulses and sagittal, transverse and coronal joint work of the residual and intact legs. These quantities were analyzed with the residual leg on both the inside and outside of the turn and compared to non-amputees. ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5198386 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5198386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994871&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001676%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: To compare energy cost of walking (ECW) and prosthesis-related perceived mobility with the Marlo Anatomical Socket (MAS®) and the Ischial Containment (IC) Socket.Method: Transfemoral (TF) amputees were enrolled in the study. ECW tests were conducted inside, in a hallway with a regular floor surface. Subjects had to walk back and forth on a 61m linear course at their own self-selected speed. Metabolic and heart rate data were collected during the walking test using a portable gas analyzer. All measurements were made at steady state (SS). The tests were performed first using the IC socket and then after 30 days of MAS® use; the last test was carried out after 60 days of MAS® use. The amputees were also administered the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire Mobility Sect... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994871 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994869&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001639%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The extent to which therapeutic, exercise or robotic devices can maximize gait function is a major unresolved issue in neurorehabilitation. Several factors may influence gait outcomes such as similarity of the task to overground walking, degree of coordination within and across limbs, and cycle-to-cycle variability in each device. Our objective was to compare lower extremity kinematics, coordination and variability during four locomotor tasks: overground walking, treadmill walking, elliptical training and stationary cycling in 10 non-disabled adults (6 male; mean age 22.7±2.9 yrs, range 20–29). All first performed four overground walking trials at self-selected speed with mean temporal–spatial data used to pace the other conditions. Joint positions, excursions, and the Gait ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994869 Sun, 19 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994869 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994872&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001706%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between the foot sensations and standing balance in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and find out the sensation, which best predicts balance. Twenty-seven patients with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale 1–3.5) and 10 healthy volunteers were included. Threshold of light touch-pressure, duration of vibration, and distance of two-point discrimination of the foot sole were assessed. Duration of static one-leg standing balance was measured. Light touch-pressure, vibration, two-point discrimination sensations of the foot sole, and duration of one-leg standing balance were decreased in patients with MS compared with controls (p (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994872 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994873&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100172X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Stair edges provide important visual cues for appropriate foot placement on the stair and balance control during stair descent. Previous studies explored age-related changes in stepping performance and balance control during stair descent and included fit older adults. The present study investigates both age- and frailty-related changes to stepping parameters and Centre of Mass (COM) control during stair descent and how these measures are affected by visual factors. Older adults were split into two groups containing participants with the lowest (LROA, n=7) and highest (HROA, n=8) combined scores on tests of balance and confidence to negotiate stairs. Data were also collected from younger adult participants (YA, n=8). Kinematic data were collected from participants while they desc... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994873 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994876&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001524%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Background: The minute-by-minute stepping rate (MMSR) is a unique index of the walking speed. The MMSR under free-living conditions remains unclear.Purpose: The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify the physical activity (PA) levels based on MMSR under free-living conditions.Methods: A total of 85 female volunteers, age from 21 to 91 year, wore a pedometer with a uni-axial accelerometer (Lifecorder, Kenz, Japan) for 7 days consecutively in order to determine the number of steps, the intensity of PA (light intensity PA; LPA, moderate intensity PA; MPA, and vigorous intensity PA; VPA), and the MMSR. Thereafter, the daily time spent in PA at (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994876 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994870&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001640%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Walker-assisted gait is reported to be ∼200% more metabolically expensive than normal bipedal walking. However, previous studies compared different walking speeds. Here, we compared the metabolic power consumption and basic stride temporal–spatial parameters for 10 young, healthy adults walking without assistance and using 2-wheeled (2W), 4-wheeled (4W) and 4-footed (4F) walker devices, all at the same speed, 0.30m/s. We also measured the metabolic power demand for walking without any assistive device using a step-to gait at 0.30m/s, walking normally at 1.25m/s, and for repeated lifting of the 4F walker mimicking the lifting pattern used during 4F walker-assisted gait. Similar to previous studies, we found that the cost per distance walked was 217% greater with a 4F walker at... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994870 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994868&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001500%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study also investigated the recovery of postural control after fatigue. Sixteen adults (eight women and eight men) performed postural trials before and after an isokinetic fatigue task involving either (i) only PFs (30°s−1), (ii) only DFs (120°s−1), or (iii) both PFs and DFs simultaneously. The fatigue task involved maximal contractions repeated until the torque produced decreased below 50% of the maximal torque. Postural trials lasted 30s and were performed on one leg with eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC). Sway area, medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) positions and velocities were calculated from the center of pressure displacements. With EO, no effect of fatigue was found on postural variables. With EC, sway area and AP velocity increased only when both PFs and DFs... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994868 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994848&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001512%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and summarize the current evidence base related to the clinical efficacy of gait analysis. A literature review was conducted to identify references related to human gait analysis published between January 2000 and September 2009 plus relevant older references. The references were assessed independently by four reviewers using a hierarchical model of efficacy adapted for gait analysis, and final scores were agreed upon by at least three of the four reviewers. 1528 references were identified relating to human instrumented gait analysis. Of these, 116 original articles addressed technical accuracy efficacy, 89 addressed diagnostic accuracy efficacy, 11 addressed diagnostic thinking and treatment efficacy, seven addressed patient outc... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994848 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994867&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001494%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Postural instability is a common and devastating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of TBI patients also suffer from neuro-ophthalmic deficits that can be an important contributing element to their sensation of vertigo and dizziness. Static posturography aims at the objective evaluation of patient balance impairment, but is usually affected by large inter- and intra-subject variability. Here we propose a protocol based on 10 randomized trials stimulating in different ways the visual and vestibular systems. Due to its completeness, our protocol highlights the specific residual difficulties of each patient in the various conditions. In this way, it was possible to evidence significant balance abnormalities in TBI patients with respect to controls. Moreover, b... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994867 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994867 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994866&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001470%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Falls are a common complication in Huntington's disease (HD) and detection of postural instability (PI) may be useful for identifying patients who are at risk of falls.The aim of our study was to find the most sensitive clinical test for PI in patients with HD and to correlate PI with the other symptoms.20 HD patients were examined using: (1) The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), (2) The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and (3) six clinical tests for PI. Inter-scale and test correlations were inspected and uni-dimensionality, validity, and measurement precision were analyzed using a factor analysis model/latent PI score. PI was compared with information obtained from surveys completed independently by patients and caregivers, and both reports were evaluated f... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994866 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994863&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001445%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study provides a sound base to use the APS to evaluate UL movement pathology in children with HCP. Further study will need to confirm its value as an outcome measurement. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994863 Sun, 05 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994864&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001457%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease (PD) particularly affect activities of daily living (ADL). Problems of patients with PD in sit-to-stand (STS) performance have been verified before, but not the effects of training on biomechanical measures of STS function. This pilot study aimed to analyse effects of 12 weeks of Nordic Walking training and severity of PD: healthy controls (CO), least (UPDRS A) and more severe (UPDRS B) affected PA on selected functional outcome measures. We expected improvements in PD similar to CO, with better performance of the unstable second phase and faster execution of the entire movement with higher velocities of centre of gravity (COG).3D kinematics of 22 PD and 18 CO subjects before and after training, were recorded using a motion analy... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994864 Thu, 02 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994877&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211002025%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994877 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994865&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001469%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to determine the biomechanical functional demand in terms of joint moments and maximal muscle capabilities at the knee and hip joints while older adults performed stair ascent (SA) and stair descent (SD). Eighty-four healthy older adults aged 60–88 years were tested. A torque dynamometer attached to a purpose-built plinth was utilized to measure muscle moments at the knee and hip joints. Participants also underwent full body 3-D biomechanical assessment of stair ascent and descent using an 8-camera VICON system (120Hz) with 3 Kistler force plates. Stair negotiation required knee extensor moments in excess of the maximum isometric muscle strength available (SA 103%, SD 120%). For the hip, the levels of demand were high, but were slightly lower than those of the knee joint... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994865 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994847&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001950%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994847 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994846&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001949%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994846 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994862&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001433%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In spite of the importance of stair-climbing (SC) as an activity of daily living, 3D spinal motion during SC has not been investigated in association with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this research is to investigate the differences of the spinal motions during SC between an LBP group and a healthy control group, in order to provide insight into the LBP effect on the spinal motions. During two types of SC tests (single and double step SCs), we measured 3D angular motions (flexion/extension, lateral bending, and twist) of the pelvis, lumbar spine and thoracic spine using an inertial sensing-based, portable spinal motion measurement system. For the nine motion variables (i.e. three anatomical planes×three segments), range of motions (ROM) and movement patterns were compared ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994862 Mon, 30 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994861&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001421%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to determine if there was a correlation between the amount of transverse plane rotation in diplegic CP patients using kinematic data from standardised gait analysis.Lower limb data of 134 ambulant children with diplegic CP was analysed retrospectively determining the maximum change in foot, hip and pelvis rotation during loading response. Highly significant negative correlations (P= (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994861 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994861 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994860&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100141X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to assess postural balance in LBP patients by analyzing intra-session reliability of CoP parameters on a portable force platform, the Romberg Ratio, and the OLST. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether CoP parameters and OLST measure identical aspects of postural stability. We examined 49 LBP patients and found acceptable reliability of the CoP parameters’ trace length and velocity, whereas reliability regarding C90 area, the Romberg Ratio, and the OLST was poor. Correlations between the CoP parameters and OLST were insignificant. Reliability of trace length and velocity is acceptable and can be used as parameters when assessing CoP in LBP patients. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994860 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994860 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994858&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100138X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objective of the present study was to quantify gait initiation in PMCs.In a case–control study, 17 PMCs (median age: 36.5) were compared with a group of 25 healthy controls (HCs, median age: 36) for gait initiation and a group of 57 HCs (median age: 38) for gait.Presymptomatic mutation carriers displayed a shorter first step duration and lower-amplitude postural adjustments. For the first step duration and speed, these impairments were more pronounced under self-triggered (ST) conditions. The PMCs displayed a lower gait speed, cadence and stride length and higher stride-to-stride variability. The latter parameter seemed capable of differentiating between PMCs and HCs with adequate sensitivity (0.81) and specificity (0.87).We confirmed the early-onset impairment of gait in general and... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994858 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994858 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994857&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001366%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we developed a multivariable regression model to determine if biomechanical variables and other subject characteristics measured during a physical exam and gait analysis can predict which subjects with crouch gait will demonstrate improved knee kinematics on a follow-up gait analysis. We formulated the model and tested its performance by retrospectively analyzing 353 limbs of subjects who walked with crouch gait. The regression model was able to predict which subjects would demonstrate ‘Improved’ and ‘Unimproved’ knee kinematics with over 70% accuracy, and was able to explain approximately 49% of the variance in subjects’ change in knee flexion between gait analyses. We found that improvement in stance phase knee flexion was positively associated with three variabl... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994857 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994857 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994859&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001408%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study examined the association between the percentage height of COM (%COM) and the risk of falls in the elderly. Healthy women aged 60 years and older were consecutively selected in a case–control study. Forty-eight individuals classified as “fallers” (having suffered two or more falls in the previous year) were the cases while 48 age and weight-matched women with one fall or no falls in the previous year were the controls (“non-fallers”). Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA, 30-second chair stand test, abdominal circumference, Berg's balance scale and %COM using the reaction board method were evaluated in all participants. Body composition parameters were not significantly different between groups. Spine and hip BMD tended to be lower in the fallers, but ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994859 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994859 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994856&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001354%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our results suggest that obstacle-crossing strategies were affected by the type of longterm exercise. The strategies each group used had important attributes that affect stability during obstacle-crossing. Future studies are needed to understand how obstacle-crossing strategies are adopted and how exercise may influence the strategy used. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994856 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994849&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001391%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Postural control deficits have been identified among individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) compared to healthy controls. Although deficits in static balance have previously been reported using center of pressure (COP) and, more recently, time to boundary (TTB) measures, the underlying mechanism behind these deficits warrants further investigation. It is unclear if there are differences in the spatial distribution of COP and TTB minima data points under the foot. Our purpose was to determine if there are differences in the location of the distribution of the COP and the TTB minima data points between groups with and without CAI. Fifty healthy and 61 CAI subjects participated in this case–control study. The subjects performed three successful 10-s trials of quiet singl... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994849 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994855&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001342%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In two experiments, the ability to use multisensory information (haptic information, provided by lightly touching a stationary surface, and vision) for quiet standing was examined in typically developing (TD) children, adults, and in seven-year-old children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Four sensory conditions (no touch/no vision, with touch/no vision, no touch/with vision, and with touch/with vision) were employed. In experiment 1, we tested four-, six- and eight-year-old TD children and adults to provide a developmental landscape for performance on this task. In experiment 2, we tested a group of seven-year-old children with DCD and their age-matched TD peers. For all groups, touch robustly attenuated standing sway suggesting that children as young as four yea... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994855 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994875&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001378%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In conclusion, recording WBA and COP path velocity data using NWBB is reliable. Given that tens of millions of NWBB have been sold worldwide, and that reprogramming them for clinical purposes is within the reach of most software developers, similar systems may soon become commonplace in the clinical setting. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994875 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994874&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001305%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Peripheral fatigue has been known to result in altered force output and muscle recruitment patterns by the CNS. These changes may affect lower extremity movement during gait, and such behavior may present implications for the interpretation of nonlinear analysis of gait in situations where a subject might become fatigued. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a single bout of resistance training on lower extremity movement during treadmill walking in healthy subjects. Fifteen recreationally active subjects performed two 10min trials of treadmill walking at their preferred speed while knee and ankle kinematics of their right limb were recorded via optical motion capture. Between walking trials, subjects performed a series of lower extremity resistance exercises d... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994874 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879596&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000968%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Patients suffering from patellofemoral pain syndrome demonstrated improved coronal plane and torsional control of the knee during slow step descent following the application of bracing and taping. This study further reinforces the view that coronal and transverse plane mechanics should not be overlooked when studying patellofemoral pain. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879596 Thu, 12 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994854&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001330%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The stride length – cadence relationship (SLCrel) was investigated to explore a theory of two alternate but inter-related pathways for gait control. Sixty-three healthy people in three age groups walked along a computerized walkway (GAITRite®) at five self-selected speeds from very slow to very fast, five cadences from 70 to 150 steps/min and five stride lengths from 0.8 to 1.6m. The data points from two walks in each level of each condition were examined for linear and quadratic relationships. In the self-selected speed condition 97% of participants had a positive linear or quadratic relationship of R2≥0.90. The quadratic relationships showed stride length decreased with very high cadences. When walks with cadences above 150 steps/min were removed, 95% of participants had a... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994854 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994853&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001329%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Balance is a major determinate of gait. In high functioning individuals without significant vestibular or vision impairments, a ceiling effect may be present when using a double limb support protocol to assess balance function. For these populations, a single leg stance protocol may be more suitable. 47 typically developing (TD) subjects and 10 patients with CEV performed a single leg stance test on a force plate. The center of pressure (COP) was determined and several COP derived variables were calculated. Included measurements were: standard deviation, maximum excursion, area, average radial displacement, path velocity and frequency of the COP. Directional components of suitable variables were used to analyze anterior/posterior and medial/lateral contributions. Correlations wit... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994853 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994852&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001317%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Although it is likely that foveal information on treads provides important sensory cues for stair walking, it is unclear how gaze stabilization on treads contribute to gait control on stairs. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which (i) stair walking depends on foveal information on stepped treads, (ii) fixated treads correspond to future foot landing locations, and (iii) the distance looked ahead varies with stepping distance. Gaze and foot position was monitored from six healthy young adults when they ascended and descended a 10 tread long staircase, taking the stairs one or two treads at a time. The results showed that 55–68% of the total fixation time was aimed at treads, and that tread edges were fixated more intensively during stair descent (69% of the t... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994852 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994851&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001299%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The present experiment was conducted to examine the expectation that emotion stimuli influence the initiation and execution of voluntary stepping, a highly coordinated activity involving a sequence of medio-lateral and anterio-posterior weight shifts. Thirty participants made forward (approach) or backward (avoidance) steps on a forceplate in response to the valence of visual stimuli. Posturographic parameters of the steps, related to automatic stimulus evaluation, step initiation and step execution, were determined and analyzed as a function of stimulus valence and stimulus-response mapping. The results revealed marked effects of emotion on the step parameters of interest; unpleasant images caused an initial “freezing” response, and a tendency to move away from the stimuli. ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994851 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994851 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4994850&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001263%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Morphology and kinematic parameters were recorded for 31 children between 15 and 36 months to investigate the relation between morphology and the walking pattern. A full 3D gait analysis using a VICON motion system was performed to gather kinematic data. Next, the differences in kinematic parameters between four morphological classes were assigned with a multiple analysis of variance, with a correction for walking experience. Also stepwise linear regressions were performed, to examine the relation between detailed morphological measurements and kinematic parameters. The regression models showed relationships between kinematic parameters of the ankle, hip, thorax and morphology. All results indicated that the upper body played an important role in the coordination of the walking p... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4994850 Sun, 08 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4994850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879603&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001044%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The purpose of our study was to examine 1st metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint motion and flexibility and plantar loads in individuals with high, normal and low arch foot structures. Asymptomatic individuals (n=61), with high, normal and low arches participated in this study. Foot structure was quantified using malleolar valgus index (MVI) and arch height index (AHI). First MTP joint flexibility was measured using a specially constructed jig. Peak pressure under the hallux, 1st and 2nd metatarsals during walking was assessed using a pedobarograph. A one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons was used to assess between-group differences in MVI, AHI, early and late 1st MTP joint flexibility in sitting and standing, peak dorsiflexion (DF), and peak pressure under the h... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879603 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879602&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001032%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Recent literature has highlighted that the flexibility of walking barefoot reduces overload in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inexpensive, flexible, non-heeled footwear (Moleca®) as compared with a modern heeled shoes and walking barefoot on the knee adduction moment (KAM) during gait in elderly women with and without knee OA. The gait of 45 elderly women between 60 and 70 years of age was evaluated. Twenty-one had knee OA graded 2 or 3 according to Kellgren and Lawrence's criteria, and 24 who had no OA comprised the control group (CG). The gait conditions were: barefoot, Moleca®, and modern heeled shoes. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured to calculate KAM by inverse dyn... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879602 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879601&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001020%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Anthropometric characteristics, particularly body mass, are important factors in the development and progression of varus/valgus angular deformities of the knee and have long-term implications including increased risk of osteoarthritis. However, information on how excessive body weight affects the biomechanics of dynamic activities in children is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that during stair-walking lower extremity joint moments normalized to body mass in obese children are greater than those in normal-weight children. Eighteen obese children (10.5±1.5 years, 148±10cm, 56.6±8.4kg) and 17 normal-weight children (10.4±1.3 years, 143±9cm, 36.7±7.5kg) were recruited. A Vicon system and two AMTI force plates were used to record and analyze the k... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879601 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879599&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001007%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Wearing high heel shoes has been associated with an increased potential for slips and falls. The association between wearing high heels and the increased potential for slipping suggests that the friction demand while wearing high heels may be greater when compared to wearing low heel shoes. The purpose of this study was to determine if heel height affects utilized friction (uCOF) during walking. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare kinematics at the ankle, knee, and hip that may explain uCOF differences among shoes with varied heel heights. Fifteen healthy women (mean age 24.5±2.5yrs) participated. Subjects walked at self-selected velocity under 3 different shoe conditions that varied in heel height (low: 1.27cm, medium: 6.35cm, and high: 9.53cm). Ground reaction for... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879599 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879598&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000993%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the effects of unilateral isokinetic exercises on the one-legged standing balance of the contralateral lower extremity.Subjects: A volunteer sample of 32 healthy adults (12 men and 20 women) was randomized to training and control groups.Methods: The training group received unilateral hip isokinetic exercises of the dominant leg for two weeks. Contralateral single-limb balance was measured before and after intervention, including three stability index scores of balance using Biodex Stability System: Anterior–Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medio-lateral Stability Index (MLSI), and Overall Stability Index (OSI) scores.Results: Comparison of pre-test and post-test data revealed significant improvements in APSI, MLSI, and OSI scores in the training group (... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879598 Mon, 02 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879606&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS096663621100097X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: This pilot study investigated the validity of the functional ambulatory profile (FAP) score from the GAITRite™ electronic pathway in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who had onset of walking impairment. Thirteen PwMS who had Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 4.0–6.0 performed four trials on GAITRite™ pathway, and completed a multidimensional walking assessment including performance tests (timed 25 foot walk; T25FW, timed up and go; TUG), self reports of walking ability (Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12; MSWS-12) and function (Late Life Function and Disability Inventory; LL-FDI), and free-living walking behavior (accelerometry). The FAP score correlated strongly with neurological disability (EDSS, ρ=−0.81), walking performance (T25FW, ρ=−0.82; ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879606 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879600&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001019%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: While factor analyses have characterized pace, rhythm and variability as factors that explain variance in gait performance in older adults, comprehensive analyses incorporating many gait parameters have not been undertaken and normative data for many of those parameters are lacking. The purposes of this study were to conduct a factor analysis on nearly two dozen spatiotemporal gait parameters and to contribute to the normative database of gait parameters from healthy, able-bodied men and women over the age of 70. Data were extracted from 294 participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Spatiotemporal gait data were obtained as participants completed two walks across a 5.6-m electronic walkway (GAITRite®). Five primary domains of spatiotemporal gait performance were i... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879600 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879589&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000889%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study aimed to investigate attentional demand during single-leg landing after a jump. The experiment was set up as dual-task test. Twelve healthy male participants were instructed to make a two-leg jump with right-leg landing as softly as possible. The flight time of the jump was set to 300ms through sufficient practice. As a cognitive task, the participants were asked to push the right or left custom-made button as soon as a go-signal was presented. The timing when the go-signal presented varied from 0 to 300ms from the take-off. Catch trials in which the go-signal was not presented were randomly inserted. The results showed that the maximum vertical ground reaction force after touchdown was greater under the dual-task condition than in the single-task condition. Increase in the maxi... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879589 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879581&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000634%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Temporal patterns of quiescent electromyography termed ‘gaps’ were investigated in young and old men and women for a discrete task and daily activity. Gaps in women (1.3±3.2) and old adults (1.5±3.4) were fewer compared with men (4.7±6.7) and young adults (4.6±6.9) for the discrete task (p (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879581 Sun, 01 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879579&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001585%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879579 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879578&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211001573%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879578 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879597&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000981%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These data suggest that while COP is tightly controlled during postural recovery, the finetuning of the control of postural equilibrium is compromised in people with LBP. Postural control dysfunctions should be considered in the management of chronic low back pain. (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879597 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879593&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000932%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study utilized a visual tracking task that required professional ballet dancers and untrained control participants to sway with the fore–aft motion of a target while standing on one leg, at target frequencies of 0.2 and 0.6Hz. The mean and variability of relative phase between the ankle and hip, and measures from cross-recurrence quantification analysis (i.e., percent cross-recurrence, percent cross-determinism, and cross-maxline), indexed the coordination patterns and their stability. Dancers exhibited less variable ankle–hip coordination and a less deterministic ankle–hip coupling, compared to controls. The results indicate that ballet dancers have increased coordination stability, potentially achieved through enhanced neuromuscular control and/or perceptual sensitivity, and i... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879593 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879595&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000956%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Transitional movements are a determinant of functional independence and have limited study in amputees. Microprocessor prosthetic knees’ abilities to assist transfemoral amputees with sitting and standing have not been studied. Through cross-sectional study, 21 transfemoral amputees, divided into 3 groups of 7 by knee type (power knee, C-leg, Mauch SNS) and 7 non-amputee controls (n=28) performed sit to stand and stand to sit while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded. Transfemoral amputees can stand (1.6–2.0s) and sit (2.1–2.8s) at rates comparable to controls (1.6s). Controls’ ground reaction force (GRF) and knee moment production was (Source: Gait and Posture) Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879595 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879583&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000750%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: The different measures used to characterize postural sway are sensitive to variations in sampling duration, yet there remains marked variability and a lack of consistency in this temporal parameter when compared between studies. We investigated the effect of sampling duration on 22 commonly used frequency and time domain measures and stabilogram diffusion coefficients. Participants stood quietly on a forceplate during two 600s standing trials with eyes open and eyes closed. The results clearly show that the amplitudes of the descriptive measures are sensitive to sampling duration. Only measures related to the amount of sway were sensitive for eyes open versus eyes closed conditions. In addition to sample duration, the filter settings, sampling frequency and fitting windows should... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879583 Wed, 27 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879586&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000841%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study, we evaluated the interday test–retest reliability, 4–6 weeks apart, of instrumented movement analysis on a group of 20 subjects with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease considering a set of kinematic and kinetic curves and related parameters obtained during natural walking (NW) and faster walking, heel and toe-walking, step ascending and descending.Results showed that the reliability was good for NW, with the exception of trunk curves, pelvic tilt and EMG profiles (moderate reliability), and trunk ROM in sagittal/transverse plane (poor reliability). Comparing our results with literature, CMT patients did not present a greater variability during NW than healthy subjects or patients with diseases of CNS. Additional locomotor tasks showed a slight reduction of reliability... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879586 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879587&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000853%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study quantifies the STA associated with the hindfoot and midfoot marker clusters of a multi-segment foot model. To quantify STA of the hindfoot and midfoot marker clusters with respect to the calcaneus and navicular respectively, fluoroscopic images were collected on 27 subjects during four quasi-static positions, (1) quiet standing (non-weight bearing), (2) at heel strike (weight-bearing), (3) at midstance (weight-bearing) and (4) at toe-off (weight-bearing).The translation and rotation components of STA were calculated in the sagittal plane. Translational STA at the calcaneus varied from 5.9±7.3mm at heel-strike to 12.1±0.3mm at toe-off. For the navicular the translational STA ranged from 7.6±7.6mm at heel strike to 16.4±16.7mm at toe-off. Rotational STA was relatively smaller ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879587 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879605&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000920%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Ascending stairs is an important functional activity that is affected by lower extremity pathology including amputation. Although several studies have demonstrated stair ascent is more challenging than level ground walking, our understanding of the mechanics remains limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between lower extremity joint power generation and vertical COM acceleration (COMA) during stair ascent. Twenty-two healthy individuals underwent a biomechanical gait assessment while walking up a 16-step instrumented staircase. The association between the peak joint powers and peak COMA during stance were assessed with respect to timing and magnitude. With respect to timing, peak ankle joint power was highly correlated with peak COMA (R2=0.93), while... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879605 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879594&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000944%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Lateral trunk lean over the stance limb and toeing-out are potential adaptive gait mechanisms that reduce knee joint loading. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the time-varying behaviour, the test–retest reliability and the concurrent validity of lateral trunk lean angle and toe-out angle during prolonged walking in healthy adults. Twenty healthy volunteers (51±8 years, 12 females) completed two test sessions at least 24h apart but within the same week. For each participant, at each session, three-dimensional gait kinematics were assessed intermittently during 60min of treadmill walking. Additionally, over-ground three-dimensional gait analysis was performed immediately before and after the treadmill walking. Maximum lateral trunk lean angle and maximum toe-out ... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879594 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879592&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000919%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This study presented a model-based image-matching (MBIM) motion analysis technique for ankle joint kinematic measurement. Five cadaveric below-hip specimens were manipulated through a full range of ankle joint motions in bare-foot and shoed conditions. The ankle motions were analyzed by bone-pin marker-based motion analysis and MBIM motion analysis techniques respectively. The root mean square errors of all angles of motion were less than 3°. The average Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for the intra-rater reliability were greater than 0.928 and the average ICCs for the inter-rater reliability were greater than 0.948 for all angles of motion. Excellent validity, intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were achieved for the MBIM technique in both bare-foot and shoed c... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879592 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879590&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000890%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Gait dysfunction is a strong issue in elderly women with a history of falls. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporal activity of the ankle muscles during gait in elderly women with and without a history of recurrent falls. Eighty-nine (89) elderly women – one group with a history of falls (45) and another group without (44) – participated in the study. The mean range of temporal activation of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and soleus muscles during gait was obtained using electromyography. The muscles were considered active when the signal magnitude surpassed two standard deviations of the minimal magnitude of the average signal per individual. The results showed that the mean range of gastrocnemius muscle activation of the group of recurrent fallers was s... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879590 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4879588&cid=s_35581_31_f&fid=35581&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaitposture.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0966636211000877%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: In order to verify whether orthostatic posturography (OP) can support clinical assessment of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA), 81 subjects with THA and 100 with TKA were recruited and compared with 59 healthy volunteers. All patients were tested one or two days prior to surgery; 42 subjects (20 THA and 22 TKA) were tested again after six months, and 34 (14 THA and 20 TKA) yet again after 12 months. OP was performed using a Kistler 9286A piezoelectric force plate and the following postural parameters (PPs) were adopted on account of their functional meaning: mean velocity and the root mean square of the distance of the centre of pressure (CoP), sway area, and 95% of the CoP power frequency. Eye condition and fatigue related to the test duration were also examined. The t... Gait and Posture journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4879588 Sun, 10 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4879588