MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Globalization and Health' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 07:35:52 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654251&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: There is a critical information gap regarding pesticide residues on produce imported to the U.S. Without a more thorough sampling program, it is not possible accurately to characterize risks introduced by produce importation. The scenario presented herein relies on assumptions, and should be considered illustrative. The analysis highlights the need for additional investigation and resources for monitoring, enforcement, and other interventions, to improve import food safety and reduce pesticide exposures in originating countries. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654251 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5589950&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F1 Conclusion: This evaluation, including a large sample of WHO-reporting States Parties, found that the IHR's Annex 2 is perceived as useful for guiding decisions about notifiability of potential PHEICs. There is scope for the WHO to expand training and guidance on application of the IHR's Annex 2 to specific contexts. Continued monitoring and evaluation of the functioning of the IHR is imperative to promoting global health security. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5589950 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5589950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5509874&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F45 Conclusions: Increased palm oil consumption is related to higher IHD mortality rates in developing countries. Palm oil consumption represents a saturated fat source relevant for policies aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease burdens. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5509874 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5509874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5445802&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F44 This article reviews the published literature to critically evaluate the evidence on the frequency, determinants and consequences of NCDs in Cameroon, and to identify research, intervention and policy gaps. The rising trends in NCDs have been documented for hypertension and diabetes, with a 2-5 and a 10-fold increase in their respective prevalence between 1994 and 2003. Magnitudes are much higher in urban settings, where increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity (by 54 -82%) was observed over the same period. These changes largely result from the adoption of unfavorable eating habits, physical inactivity, and a probable increasing tobacco use. These behavioral changes are driven by the economic development and social mobility, which are part of the epidemiologic transition. There is stil... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5445802 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5445802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5371130&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F43 We present, as an example, a low-cost, sustainable strategy that has increased social participation among elders in Sri Lanka.DiscussionCurrent international policy initiatives to address the increasing prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases are focused on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and cancers, responsible for much premature mortality. Interventions to modify their common risk factors of high salt and fat diets, inactivity, smoking and alcohol use are advocated. But older people also suffer chronic conditions that primarily affect quality of life, and have a wider range of risk factors. There is strong epidemiological and physiological evidence that social isolation, in particular, is as important a risk factor for chronic diseases as the 'lifestyle' ri... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5371130 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5371130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5353253&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F42 Conclusion: Several key measures of a health system predict mortality in infants, children, and maternal mortality rates at the national level. Improving access to water and sanitation and reducing corruption within the health sector should become priorities. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5353253 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5353253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5341442&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F41 HIV was first described as a "long-wave event" in 1990, well before the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The pandemic was then seen as involving three curves: an HIV curve, an AIDS curve and a curve representing societal impact. Since the mid-2000's, free public delivery of life-saving ART has begun shifting HIV from a terminal disease to a chronic illness for those who can access and tolerate the medications. This increasing chronicity prompts revisiting HIV as a long-wave event. First, with widespread availability of ART, the HIV curve will be higher and last longer. Moreover, if patterns in sub-Saharan Africa mirror experiences in the North, people on ART will live far longer lives but with new experiences of disability. Disability, broadly defined, can result from HIV, its relat... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5341442 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5341442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5319401&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F40 Conclusions: This article provides a detailed empirical analysis of websites of medical tourism companies that were based in Canada but exited the marketplace and are now inoperative. The article identifies where these companies were located in Canada, what countries and health care facilities they selected as destination sites, the health services they advertised, how they marketed themselves in a competitive environment, and what travel-related services they promoted in addition to marketing health care. The paper reveals a fluid marketplace, with many medical tourism companies exiting this industry. In addition, by disclosing identities of companies, providing their websites, archiving these websites or print copies of websites for future studies, and analyzing content of medical touris... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5319401 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5319401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309060&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F39 DiscussionWe found several critical shortcomings to tiered pricing: it is inferior to competition for achieving the lowest sustainable prices; it often involves arbitrary divisions between markets and/or countries, which can lead to very high prices for middle-income markets; and it leaves a disproportionate amount of decision-making power in the hands of sellers vis-a-vis consumers. In many developing countries, resources are often stretched so tight that affordability can only be approached by selling medicines at or near the cost of production. Policies that "de-link" the financing of R&D from the price of medicines merit further attention, since they can reward innovation while exploiting robust competition in production to generate the lowest sustainable prices. However, in special ca... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309060 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309062&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F37 Conclusions: The way forward for chronic diseases in Liberia will require an increased emphasis on quality over quantity, better data management to inform rational health sector planning, corrective mechanisms to more efficiently align health infrastructure and personnel with existing needs, and innovative methods to improve long-term retention in care and bridge the rural health delivery gap. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309062 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309061&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F38 Conclusion: Present provider-centred models of care for people with chronic life-long conditions are not adequate and we propose 'full self-management' as an alternative for low-income countries, supported by expert networks and smart phone technology. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309061 Mon, 10 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300304&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F36 Although chronic non-communicable diseases are traditionally depicted as diseases of affluence, growing evidence suggests they strike along the fault lines of social inequality. The challenge of understanding how these conditions shape patterns of population health in Latin America requires an inter-disciplinary lens. This paper reviews the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the region and examines key myths surrounding their prevalence and distribution. It argues that a social justice approach rooted in the idea of health inequity needs to be at the core of research in this area, and concludes with discussion of a new approach to guide empirical research, the 'average / deprivation / inequality' framework. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300304 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5300304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5291145&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F35 This paper reviews the healthcare issues facing nations which have a substantial caseload of chronic HIV cases. It considers the challenges of extending antiretroviral coverage to an expanding caseload as supplier price rises and international trade agreements come into force to reduce the availability of affordable antiretrovirals just as the economic downturn restricts donor funding. It goes on to review the importance in this context of supporting adherence to drug regimens in order to preserve access to affordable antiretrovirals for those already on treatment, and of removing key barriers such as patient fees and supply interruptions. The demands of those with chronic HIV for health services other than antiretroviral therapy are considered in the light of the fearful or discriminatory... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5291145 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5291145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5371131&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F34 Conclusions: By focusing on 'talk' about transactional sex, we locate definitions of transactional sex, and how terms used to describe transactional sex are morally framed for people within their local context. We take advantage of an opportunity to comparatively explore such talk across three different study sites, and contribute to a better understanding of both emerging sexual practices and their implications for HIV vulnerability. Our work underlines that transactional sex needs to be reflected as it is perceived: something very different from, but of at least equal concern to, formal sex work in the efforts to curb HIV transmission. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5371131 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5371131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5279425&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F34 Conclusions: By focusing on 'talk' about transactional sex, we locate definitions of transactional sex, and how terms used to describe transactional sex are morally framed for people within their local context. We take advantage of an opportunity to comparatively explore such talk across three different study sites, and contribute to a better understanding of both emerging sexual practices and their implications for HIV vulnerability. Our work underlines that transactional sex needs to be reflected as it is perceived: something very different from, but of at least equal concern to, formal sex work in the efforts to curb HIV transmission. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5279425 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5279425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5215982&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F32 This paper attempts to describe and analyse the policy processes that led to the granting and implementation of the government use licenses to enable the import and production of generic versions of medicines patented in Thailand. The decision to grant the series of government use licenses was taken despite much domestic and international controversy. The paper demonstrates that the policy processes leading to the granting of government use licenses are a successful application of the concept of "the triangle that moves the mountain". This is a well-known conceptualisation of a philosophical and strategic approach to public policy advocacy in Thailand, which propounds that the effective bridging of three powers; a.) Knowledge and evidence generated by research and analysis, b.) Civil socie... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5215982 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5215982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5167036&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F31 This article examines the chronic character of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and highlights some of the changes we might expect to see at the global level as HIV is increasingly normalised as "just another chronic disease". The article also addresses the use of this language of chronicity to interpret the HIV/AIDS pandemic and calls into question some of the consequences of an uncritical acceptance of concepts of chronicity. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5167036 Thu, 25 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5167036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152605&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F30 Conclusions: The implementation of pharmacogenomic technologies may lead to the development of drugs that appear to be a "luxury" for populations in need of numerous interventions that are known to have a demonstrable impact on population health (e.g., secure access to potable water, reduction of social inequities, health education). However, our analysis shows that pharmacogenomic technologies do have the potential to redirect drug development and distribution so as to improve the health of vulnerable populations. Strategies should thus be developed to better direct their implementation towards meeting the needs and responding to the realities of populations of the developing world (i.e., social, cultural and political acceptability, and local health burdens), making pharmacogenomic techn... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152605 Tue, 23 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5152605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5152606&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F29 This article argues that to better understand what globalization is and how it affects issues such as global health, we must take a differentiating approach, which focuses on how the multiple processes of globalization are encountered and informed by different social groups and with how these encounters are experienced within particular contexts. The article examines the heuristic properties of qualitative field research as a means to help better understand how the intersections of globalization are manifested within particular locations. To do so, the article focuses on three recent case studies conducted on globalization and HIV/AIDS and explores how these cases can help us to understand the contextual permutations involved within the processes of globalization. (Source: Globalization an... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5152606 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5152606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5129217&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F28 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5129217 Sat, 13 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5129217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084248&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F25 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084248 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084247&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F26 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084247 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5074655&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F24 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5074655 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5074655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5074656&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F23 ${item.shortDescription} (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5074656 Wed, 27 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5074656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5025420&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F22 Conclusions: Approaches to thinking about universal access frequently assume increased availability of services means increased accessibility of services. Our study demonstrates that while there is greater availability of HIV/AIDS services in Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, this does not equate with greater accessibility because of multiple, complex, and interrelated barriers to HIV/AIDS service utilisation at the service delivery level. Factors external to, as well as within, the health sector are key to understanding the access deficit in the FSU where low or concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemics are prevalent. Funders of HIV/AIDS programmes need to consider how best to tackle key structural and systemic drivers of access including prohibitionist legislation on drugs use, limited transparency and low ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5025420 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5025420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4996477&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F20 Conclusion: Notwithstanding attempts to align and harmonize donor activities, the interests and motives of the various actors (GHIs and different parts of the government) undermine such efforts. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4996477 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4996477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4973411&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F18 Conclusions: More economic studies are needed examining the costs and benefits of adaptation measures to inform policy making. There is an urgent need for climate change-specific health economic guidelines to ensure robust methods are used, giving comparable results. Broader advocacy and focused training of decision makers is needed to increase the uptake of economic evidence in decision making. Until further climate change-specific economic studies have been conducted, decision makers should selectively draw on published studies of the costs and benefits of environmental health interventions. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4973411 Sun, 26 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4973411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837780&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F14 This article reviews health system infection control measures pertinent to labour and delivery units in developing country health facilities. Organisational improvements, training, surveillance and continuous quality improvement initiatives, used alone or in combination have been shown to decrease infection rates in some clinical settings. There is limited evidence available on effective infection control measures during labour and delivery and from low resource settings. A health systems approach is necessary to reduce maternal mortality and the occurrence of infections resulting from childbirth. Organisational and behavioural change underpins the success of infection control interventions. A global, targeted initiative could raise awareness of the need for improved infection control meas... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837780 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4837780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837779&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F15 Conclusions: Regional integration organisations and their member states should be aware of the capacity of TTCs to act in a coordinated transnational manner to influence policy in their own interests, and coordinate their own public health and tax policies in a similarly effective way. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837779 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4837779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4837778&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F16 Conclusions: The tensions appear to have been resolved through a focus on national planning, applying International Health Partnership principles, though the global financial crisis and key personnel changes may yet alter outcomes. Despite its dynamic evolution, the Platform may offer an incremental path towards increasing integration around health systems, that has not been previously possible. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4837778 Wed, 18 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4837778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4826535&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F13 Conclusion: We urge HIV service providers to consider the obstacles that prevent many men from accessing their services and argue for community-based and driven initiatives that facilitate safe and supportive social spaces for men to openly discuss social constructions of masculinity as well as renegotiate more health-enabling masculinities. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4826535 Sat, 14 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4826535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4786738&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F12 This article presents a conceptual framework that outlines the policy implications of medical tourism's growth for health systems, drawing on the cases of Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia, three regional hubs for medical tourism, via an extensive review of academic and grey literature. Variables for further analysis of the potential impact of medical tourism on health systems are also identified. The framework can provide a basis for empirical, in country studies weighing the benefits and disadvantages of medical tourism for health systems. The policy implications described are of particular relevance for policymakers and industry practitioners in other Southeast Asian countries with similar health systems where governments have expressed interest in facilitating the growth of the medical ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4786738 Tue, 03 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4786738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740321&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: The Shantha case study underscores the important role the private sector can play in global health and access to medicines. Home-grown companies in the developing world are becoming a source of low-cost, locally relevant healthcare R&D for therapeutics such as vaccines. Such companies may be compelled by market forces to focus on products relevant to diseases endemic in their country. Sanofi-Aventis' acquisition of Shantha reveals that even large pharmaceutical companies based in the developed world have recognized the importance of meeting the health needs of the developing world. Collectively, these processes suggest an ability to tap into private sector investments for global health innovation, and illustrate the globalization of healthcare R&D to the developing world. (Sou... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740321 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4740321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730497&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F8 Background: In the past decades, the increasing importance of and rapid changes in the global health arena have provoked discussions on the implications for the education of health professionals. In the case of Germany, it remains yet unclear whether international or global aspects are sufficiently addressed within medical education. Evaluation challenges exist in Germany and elsewhere due to a lack of conceptual guides to develop, evaluate or assess education in this field.ObjectiveTo propose a framework conceptualising 'global health' education (GHE) in practice, to guide the evaluation and monitoring of educational interventions and reforms through a set of key indicators that characterise GHE. Methods: Literature review; deduction.Results and conclusionCurrently, 'new' health challenge... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730497 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4730497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4691096&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F7 Conclusion: The improvement in healthy lifestyle behaviours among female adult Ghanaians will help promote healthy living and potentially lead to a reduction in the prevalence of obesity among Ghanaian women. The increase in risky lifestyle behaviour among adult male Ghanaians even after the introduction of the health policy could lead to an increase in the risk of non-communicable diseases among men and the resultant burden of disease on them and their families will push more people into poverty. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4691096 Wed, 06 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4691096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4691097&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F6 DiscussionSocial responsibility is a responsibility to promote the welfare of the communities to which one belongs or with which one interacts. Physicians stress their social responsibility to care for the welfare of their patients and their domestic communities. When physicians choose to travel to another county to provide medical care, this social responsibility is expanded to this new community. Patients too have a social responsibility to use their community's health resources efficiently and to promote the health of their community. When these patients choose to go abroad to receive medical care, this social responsibility applies to the new community as well. While voluntourists and medical tourists both see the scope of their social responsibilities expand by engaging in these globa... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4691097 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4691097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4620332&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F5 Conclusions: European policy currently prioritises health research in support of industry. European institutions and national governments must also support research and innovation in health and social systems, and promote civil society participation, to meet the challenges of globalisation. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4620332 Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4620332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4530566&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: We conclude that, in the absence of effective governmental activity and regulation, social enterprise wholesaling can improve access to good quality essential medicines. This role should be valued and where appropriate supported in international health policy design. NGO regulatory impact can complement but should not replace state action. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4530566 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4530566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4515964&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: We found that the dispute for the hegemony of the health sector between financial and pharmaceutical companies has deeply transformed the sector. Patients converted into consumers are exposed to the biomedicalization of their lives helped by the biopedagogies, which using subtle mechanisms present discourses as if they are objective and created to empower consumers. The analysis of judicialization of health policies in Brazil could help to understand the complexity of the problem and to develop democratic mechanisms to improve the regulation of the health sector. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4515964 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4515964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4458475&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F1%2F1 Conclusions: The paper concludes that although there are several promising areas for India-EU relations in health services, it will be difficult to realize these opportunities given the pre-dominance of public healthcare delivery in the EU and sensitivities associated with commercializing healthcare. Hence, a gradual approach based on pilot initiatives and selective collaboration would be advisable initially, which could be expanded once there is demonstrated evidence on outcomes. Overall, the paper makes a contribution to the social science and health literature by adding to the limited primary evidence base on globalization and health, especially from a developing-developed country and regional perspective. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4458475 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4458475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4299850&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F23 This study analyses the priorities of public donors in funding HIV prevention by either integrated condom programming or HIV preventive microbicides and vaccines in the period between 2000 and 2008. It further compares the public funding investments of the USA government and EU governments, including the EU, as we expect the two groups to invest differently in HIV prevention options, because their policies on sexual and reproductive health and rights are different. We use two existing officially UN endorsed databases to compare the public donor funding streams for HIV prevention of these two distinct contributors. In the period 2000-2008, the relative share of public funding for integrated condom programming dropped significantly, while that for research on vaccines and microbicides increa... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4299850 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4299850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4185710&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F22 Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) are powerful tools for the successful treatment of nicotine addiction and tobacco use. The medicines are clinically effective, supported by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and are now World Health Organization-approved essential medicines. Enabling global access to NRT remains a challenge given ongoing confusion and misperceptions about their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and availability with respect to other tobacco control and public health opportunities. In this commentary, we review existing evidence and guidelines to make the case for global access to NRT highlighting the smoker's right to access treatment to sensibly address nicotine addiction. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4185710 Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4185710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4166189&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F21 This paper considers the public health impacts of the income-generating activities of organised crime. These range from the traditional vice activities of running prostitution and supplying narcotics, to the newer growth areas of human trafficking in its various forms, from international supply of young people and children as sex workers through deceit, coercion or purchase from family, through to forced labour and the theft of human tissues for transplant, smuggling of migrants, and sale of fake medications, foodstuffs and beverages, cigarettes and other counterfeit manufactures. It looks at the effect of globalisation on integrating supply chains from poorly-regulated and impoverished source regions through to their distant markets, often via disparate groups of organised criminals who h... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4166189 Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4166189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4123555&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F20 This study provides a Canadian perspective to a growing body of literature linking ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance to travel to the Indian subcontinent. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4123555 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4123555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4114809&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F19 DiscussionThe manuscript identifies denotations of 'global' as 'worldwide', as 'transcending national boundaries' and as 'holistic'. A fourth concept of 'global' as 'supraterritorial' is presented and defined as 'links between the social determinants of health anywhere in the world'. The rhetorical power of the denotations impacts considerably on the object of 'global health', exemplified in the context of malnutrition; HIV, tuberculosis & malaria; and maternal mortality. The 'global' as 'worldwide', as 'transcending national boundaries' and as 'holistic' house contradictions which can be overcome by the fourth concept of 'global' as 'supraterritorial'. The 'global-local-relationship' inherent in the proposed concept coheres with influential anthropological and sociological views despite t... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4114809 Wed, 27 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4114809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4071415&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F18 While primary care, obstetrical, and surgical services have started to expand in the world's poorest regions, there is only sparse literature on the essential support systems that are required to make these operations function. Diagnostic imaging is critical to effective rural healthcare delivery, yet it has been severely neglected by the academic, public, and private sectors. Currently, over 60% of the world's population lacks access to any form of diagnostic imaging. In this paper we argue that two primary imaging modalities--diagnostic ultrasound and X-Ray--are ideal for rural healthcare services and should be scaled-up in a rapid and standardized manner. Such machines, if designed for resource-poor settings, should a) be robust in harsh environmental conditions, b) function reliably in... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4071415 Wed, 13 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4071415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4043405&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F17 Many of the Millennium Development Goals are not being achieved in the world's poorest countries, yet only five years remain until the target date. The financing of these Goals is not merely insufficient; current evidence indicates that the temporary nature of the financing, as well as challenges to coordinating its delivery and directing it to the most needy recipients, hinder achievement of the Goals in countries that may benefit most. Traditional approaches to providing development assistance for health have not been able to address both prevalent and emergent public health challenges captured in the Goals; these challenges demand sustained forms of financial redistribution through a coordinated mechanism. A global social health protection fund is proposed to address recurring failures ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4043405 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4043405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3979471&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F16 It is clear that globalization is something more than a purely economic phenomenon manifesting itself on a global scale. Among the visible manifestations of globalization are the greater international movement of goods and services, financial capital, information and people. In addition, there are technological developments, more transboundary cultural exchanges, facilitated by the freer trade of more differentiated products as well as by tourism and immigration, changes in the political landscape and ecological consequences. In this paper, we link the Maastricht Globalization Index with health indicators to analyse if more globalized countries are doing better in terms of infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate, and adult mortality rate. The results indicate a positive associatio... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3979471 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3979471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804621&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F13 This article takes the form of a commentary reviewing developments in the last 30 years and discusses the future of this policy. Three challenges are put forward for discussion (i) the challenge of moving away from a narrow technical bio-medical paradigm of health to a broader social determinants approach and the need to differentiate primary care from primary health care; (ii) The challenge of tackling the equity implications of the market oriented reforms and ensuring that the role of the State in the provision of welfare services is not further weakened; and (iii) the challenge of finding ways to develop local community commitments especially in terms of empowerment.These challenges need to be addressed if PHC is to remain relevant in today's context. The paper concludes that it is not ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804621 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3606248&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F10 Increasingly, food companies play an important role in stemming the rising burden of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Concrete actions taken by these companies include global public commitments to address food reformulation, consumer information, responsible marketing, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and public-private partnerships. These actions are reviewed together with eleven specific PepsiCo goals and commitments that address products, the marketplace, and communities at large. Interim progress on these goals and commitments are discussed as well as constraints hampering faster progress. Further disease prevention depends on increasing implementation of private-public initiatives. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3606248 Thu, 27 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3606248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594477&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: Global initiatives facilitated the creation of fairly efficient markets for older ARVs, but markets for newer ARVs are less competitive and slower to evolve. WHO guidelines shape demand, and their complexity may help or hinder achievement of economies of scale in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Certification programs assure ARV quality but can delay uptake of new formulations. Large-scale procurement policies may decrease the numbers of buyers and sellers, rendering the market less competitive in the longer-term. Global policies must be developed with consideration for their short- and long-term impact on market dynamics. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594477 Mon, 24 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3594477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3497810&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F7 This paper draws together contributions to a scientific table discussion on obesity at the European Science Open Forum 2008 which took place in Barcelona, Spain. Socioeconomic dimensions of global obesity, including those factors promoting it, those surrounding the social perceptions of obesity and those related to integral public health solutions, are discussed. It argues that although scientific accounts of obesity point to large-scale changes in dietary and physical environments, media representations of obesity, which context public policy, pre-eminently follow individualistic models of explanation. While the debate at the forum brought together a diversity of views, all the contributors agreed that this was a global issue requiring an equally global response. Furthermore, an integrate... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3497810 Thu, 22 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3497810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3427557&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F4 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is essential for maximising individual treatment outcomes and preventing the development of drug resistance. It is, however, frequently compromised due to predictable, but adverse, scenarios in the countries most severely affected by HIV/AIDS. This paper looks at lessons from three specific crises in southern Africa: the 2008 floods in Mozambique, the ongoing political and economic crisis in Zimbabwe, and the 2007 public sector strike in South Africa. It considers how these crises impacted on the delivery of antiretroviral therapy and looks at some of the strategies employed to mitigate any adverse effects. Based on this it makes recommendations for keeping patients on treatment and limiting the development of drug resistance where treatment interruption... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3427557 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3427557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3261651&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F6%2F1%2F1 DiscussionDrawing on existing literature, the authors highlight the increased vulnerability of sex workers in the context of the HIV pandemic in southern Africa. They argue that laws that criminalise sex work not only compound sex workers' individual risk for HIV, but also compromise broader public health goals. International sporting events are thought to increase demand for paid sex and, particularly in countries with hyper-endemic HIV such as South Africa, likely to foster increased HIV transmission through unprotected sex.SummaryThe 2010 FIFA World Cup presents a strategic opportunity for South Africa to respond to the challenges that the sex industry poses in a strategic and rights-based manner. Public health goals and growing evidence on HIV prevention suggest that sex work is best a... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3261651 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3261651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043162&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F18 The burden of smoking-related diseases in Jordan is increasingly evident. During 2006, chronic, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for more than 50% of all deaths in Jordan. With this evidence in hand, we highlight the prevalence of smoking in Jordan among youth and adults and briefly review legislation that governs tobacco control in Jordan. The prevalence of smoking in Jordan remains unacceptably high with smoking and use of tobacco prevalences ranging from 15% to 30% among students aged 13-15 years and a current smoking prevalence near 50% among men. Opportunities exist to further reduce smoking among both youth and adults; however, combating tobacco use in Jordan will require partnerships and long-term commitments between both private and public institutions as well as within lo... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043162 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3043162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3002568&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F16 Sub-Saharan Africa carries a massive dual burden of HIV and alcohol disease, and these pandemics are inextricably linked. Physiological and behavioural research indicates that alcohol independently affects decision-making concerning sex, and skills for negotiating condoms and their correct use. More than 20 studies in Africa have reported higher occurrence of HIV among people with problem drinking; a finding strongly consistent across studies and similar among women and men. Conflation of HIV and alcohol disease in these setting is not surprising given patterns of heavy-episodic drinking and that drinking contexts are often coterminous with opportunities for sexual encounters. HIV and alcohol also share common ground with sexual violence. Both perpetrators and victims of sexual violence ha... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3002568 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3002568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2942309&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F14 Conclusions: Despite the many reported reforms instituted by NAFDAC, the study findings suggest that facets of the pharmaceutical system in Nigeria remain fairly vulnerable to corruption. The most glaring deficiency seems to be the absence of conflict of interest guidelines which, if present and consistently administered, limit the promulgation of corrupt practices. Other major contributing factors are the inconsistency in documentation of procedures, lack of public availability of such documentation, and inadequacies in monitoring and evaluation. What is most critical from this study is the identification of areas that still remain permeable to corruption and, perhaps, where more appropriate checks and balances are needed from the Nigerian government and the international community. (Sour... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2942309 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2942309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2889260&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F13 Conclusions: Efforts to promote the human rights of those with mental illness must engage with the experiences of mental illness within communities affected in order to grasp how these may underpin the use of practices such as mechanical restraint. Interventions which operate at the local level with those living with mental illness within rural communities, as well as family members and healers, may have greater potential to effect change in the treatment of the mentally ill than legislation or investment in services alone. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2889260 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2889260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2864718&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: Suggesting that AIDS scholars can learn from these key parallels and divergences, the paper offers four directions for advancing AIDS research: (1) focusing more on the differentiation of risk and responsibility within and among AIDS epidemics; (2) taking (back) on board social justice approaches; (3) moving beyond polarized debates; and (4) shifting focus from reactive to forward-looking and proactive approaches. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2864718 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2864718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2841495&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F11 DiscussionMigration to and from mineral mines contributes to HIV risks and associated tuberculosis incidence. Health and safety conditions within mines also promote the risk of silicosis (a tuberculosis risk factor) and transmission of tuberculosis bacilli in close quarters. In the context of migration, current tuberculosis prevention and treatment strategies often fail to provide sufficient continuity of care to ensure appropriate tuberculosis detection and treatment. Reports from distant communities suggest that miners pose transmission risks to other household or community members as they travel home undetected or inadequately treated, particularly with drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Reducing risky exposures on the mines, enhancing the continuity of primary care services, and imp... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2841495 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2841495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2818084&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F10 Conclusions: Using an African-centered cultural framework, the PEN3 model, we explore future directions and efforts to address the epidemic of CVD risk in SSA. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2818084 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2818084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2792380&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: The impact of these co-morbidities in Sub Saharan Africa is likely to be large. An increasing prevalence of diabetes may hinder efforts at tuberculosis control, increasing the number of susceptible individuals in populations where tuberculosis is endemic, and making successful treatment harder. Roll out of anti-retroviral treatment coverage within Sub Saharan Africa is an essential response to the HIV epidemic however it is likely to lead to a growing number of individuals suffering adverse metabolic consequences. One of the impacts of globalization is to create environments that increase both diabetes and cardiovascular risk but further work is needed to elucidate other potential impacts. Research is also needed to develop effective approaches to reducing the frequency and he... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2792380 Sun, 13 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2792380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2724077&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F8 With improved accessibility to life-prolonging antiretroviral therapy, the treatment and care requirements of people living with HIV and AIDS resembles that of more established chronic diseases. As an increasing number of people living with HIV and AIDS in Kenya have access to ART, the primary caregivers of poor resource settings, often children, face the challenge of meeting the requirements of rigid ART adherence schedules and frequent relapses. This, and the long-term duty of care, has an impact on the primary caregiver's experience of this highly stigmatised illness - an impact that is often described in relation to psychological deprivation. Reflecting the meanings attached to caregiving by 48 children in Western Kenya, articulated in writing, through photography and drawing, individu... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2724077 Sat, 22 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2724077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2656280&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F6 The Bamako Call for Action on Research for Health stresses the importance of inter-disciplinary, inter-ministerial and inter-sectoral working. This challenges much of our current research and postgraduate research training in health, which mostly seeks to produce narrowly focused content specialists. We now need to compliment this type of research and research training, by offering alternative pathways that seek to create expertise, not only in specific narrow content areas, but also in the process and context of research, as well as in the interaction of these different facets of knowledge. Such an approach, developing 'integrative expertise', could greatly facilitate better research utilisation, helping policy makers and practitioners work through more evidence-based practice and across ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2656280 Wed, 29 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2656280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220330&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F4 Conclusions: The perceived impact of short-term medical volunteer projects in Guatemala is highly variable and dependent upon the individual project. In this exploratory study, project characteristics were identified that are consistently perceived to be either positive or negative. These findings have direct implications for anyone involved in the planning and execution of short-term medical volunteer projects, including local and foreign medical team members, project planners and coordinators, and health authorities. Most importantly, this preliminary study suggests avenues for future study and evaluation of the impact of short-term medical volunteer programs on local health care services. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220330 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2189713&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F3 In December 2008, the US Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, released a report, World At Risk. The Report points to the fact that, not only is the use of a weapon of mass destruction in a terrorist attack before the end of 2013 more likely than not, but also to the fact that terrorists are more likely to be able to obtain and use biological weapons than nuclear weapons. This paper examines the recommendations of the report in the context of the historic and geopolitical changes, in particular globalization. The authors highlight the "dual-use" dilemma, as described in the report, as the paradoxical use of technology developed for the benefit of mankind being used for sinister purposes. The mitigation of such a threat lies in broad stakeh... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2189713 Mon, 16 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2189713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2146455&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F2 Conclusion: Given the high male smoking rates in South Korea, tobacco control efforts have given limited attention to girls and women. The limited data available on female smoking behaviour suggests that, despite legal restrictions and social stigma, smoking among females has increased since market opening, notably within younger age groups. In addition to more detailed trend data, there is an urgent need for the development and implementation of gender-sensitive tobacco control measures. Part of South Korea's accession to the FCTC should include emphasis on measures to address the strategic targeting of Korean females by TTCs. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2146455 Fri, 30 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2146455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2114749&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F5%2F1%2F1 DiscussionSimilar to other developed nations, widening income disparities and health inequalities have resulted from economic globalization in New Zealand; with regard to nutrition, a proportion of the population now faces food poverty. Further, rates of overweight/obesity and chronic diseases have increased in recent decades, primarily affecting indigenous people and lower socio-economic groups. Economic globalization in New Zealand has changed the domestic milk supply with regard to the consumer and may shed light on the link between globalization, nutrition and health outcomes. This paper describes the economic changes in New Zealand, specifically in the dairy market and discusses how these changes have the potential to create inequalities and adverse health outcomes. The implications f... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2114749 Mon, 19 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2114749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2012759&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F12 Before the onset of the current food crisis, the evidence of a severely neglected nutrition crisis was starting to receive attention. Increased food prices are having severe impacts on the nutritional status of populations. Our current food system has evolved over decades in a largely unplanned manner and without consideration for the complexity and implications of linkages between health, nutrition, agricultural, economic, trade and security issues. The underlying causes for the nutrition crisis include the above, as well as decades of neglect with regard to nutrition, and agricultural science (especially in emerging markets); a failure of governance with respect to the major players involved in nutrition, a weak response by government donors and Foundations to invest in basic nutrition (... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2012759 Fri, 05 Dec 2008 04:37:01 +0100 2012759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1966984&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F11 In a recent issue of Globalization and Health, Yu et al. examine the impact of HIV/AIDS programs on health care systems. This commentary considers their position and confirms that the former actually supports the latter aim; the two approaches are not at odds with one another, but could be viewed as complementary. A key requirement towards meeting both objectives is to ensure sustained international aid. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1966984 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1966984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1893547&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F10 Conclusions: From a public health point of view, the resource curse represents a fundamental failure of dominant development theories, rather than a delay in creating the proper economy and governance environment for social progress. The scope of research on the resource curse should be broadened to include more accurate or comprehensive indicators of destitution (including health components) and more open perspectives on causal mechanisms. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1893547 Tue, 21 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1893547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1808306&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: The investment needs in the health sector to address climate-sensitive health outcomes are large. Additional human and financial resources will be needed to prevent and control the projected increased burden of health outcomes due to climate change. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1808306 Fri, 19 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1808306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1796699&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F8 This article examines and assesses the evidence and proposes ways forward.DiscussionConsiderably increased resources have been brought into countries for HIV/AIDS programs by major Global Health Initiatives. Among the positive impacts are the increased awareness of and priority given to public health by governments. In addition, services to people living with HIV/AIDS have rapidly expanded. In many countries infrastructure and laboratories have been strengthened, and in some, primary health care services have been improved. The effect of AIDS on the health work force has been lessened by the provision of antiretroviral treatment to HIV-infected health care workers, by training, and, to an extent, by task-shifting. However, there are reports of concerns, too--among them, a temporal associat... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1796699 Tue, 16 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1796699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1515396&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F7 Conclusion: Significant inequalities in the affordability of this essential preventive care product indicate the necessity for action to make it more affordable. Various measures to improve affordability based on experiences from essential pharmaceuticals are proposed. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1515396 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1515396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1326704&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F6 DiscussionThis evolution might be critical for the future of AIDS treatment in low-income countries, yet it is proposed at a time when the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is starved for resources. It might be unable to meet the needs of much broader and more expensive proposals. Furthermore, it might lose some of its exceptional features in the process: its aim for international sustainability, rather than in-country sustainability, and its capacity to circumvent spending restrictions imposed by the International Monetary Fund. SummaryThe authors believe that a transformation of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria into a Global Health Fund is feasible, but only if accompanied by a substantial increase of donor commitments to the Global Fund. The tran... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1326704 Tue, 25 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1326704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1260722&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F5 DiscussionCountries, charged with fulfilling the right to health and committed to expanding access to ART must explicitly recognize their obligation to combat unproven AIDS treatments and ensure the availability of a safe and efficacious drugs supply. International donors must help support and coordinate these efforts. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1260722 Wed, 27 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1260722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1257027&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F4 As China is undergoing dramatic development, it is also experiencing major societal changes, including an emerging obesity epidemic, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity doubling in the past decade. However, the implications of a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) traditional Chinese diet are adversely changing in modern times, as a high-glycemic diet is becoming a greater contributor to diabetes and cardiovascular risks in a population with rising obesity and decreasing physical activity. Specifically, a high GI diet adversely impacts metabolism and appetite control regulation, and notably confers substantially greater risk of weight gain, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers among overweight and obese individuals (P (Source: Globalization and... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1257027 Tue, 26 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1257027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1241012&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F3 Despite the fact that diabetes and other non-communicable diseases represent a significant proportion of the global burden of disease, proportionate global action has not occurred. A 2003 article reported on global constraints to the implementation of effective policies to curb non-communicable disease epidemics. These constraints include a lack of global advocacy, insufficient attention from funding agencies and governments, partnerships and interactions, capacity and resources, and global norms and standards, as well as orientation of health services to acute care. Building on these ideas, this paper will review the progress that has been made with regards to each constraint, focusing on the International Diabetes Federation's Unite for Diabetes campaign and United Nations resolution on ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1241012 Tue, 19 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1241012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1157554&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F2 Conclusions: The massive scale and scope of this industry effort illustrate how corporate interests, when threatened by the globalization of public health, sidestep competitive concerns to coordinate their activities. The global network of national and regional manufacturing associations created and nurtured by INFOTAB remains active, particularly in relation to the recently negotiated global health treaty, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Policymakers should be aware that although these associations claim to represent only national or regional interests, they are allied to and coordinated with a confederation of transnational tobacco companies seeking to protect profits by undermining public health. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1157554 Thu, 17 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1157554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1151570&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F4%2F1%2F1 Objective To assess whether a banking system crisis increases short-term population cardiovascular mortality rates. Design International, longitudinal multivariate regression analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality data from 1960 to 2002 Setting High and low income countries. Results A system-wide banking crisis increases population heart disease mortality rates by 6.4% (95% CI: 2.5% to 10.2%, p (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1151570 Tue, 15 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1151570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1073942&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F12 Conclusions: CAMR is symbolically meaningful but in practice, limited. The Rwanda case will be noteworthy in terms of the future of the legislation. To meet its intended international health objectives, this legislation needs to be better informed of developing country needs and global pharmaceutical market imperatives. Finally, we contend that serious public policy change cannot strike a balance between all vested interests. Above all, any feasible policy that aims to facilitate compulsory licensing must prioritize public health over trade or economic interests. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1073942 Thu, 06 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1073942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1031964&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F11 Conclusions: The KHCC case underscores the utility of the transformational leadership model in an international health care context. To understand leadership in globalizing health care services, KHCC suggests culture is broader than organizational or societal culture to include an informal global network of medical professionals and Western technologies which facilitate global interaction. Additionally, political competencies among leaders may be particularly relevant in globalizing health care services where the goal is achieving international standards of care. Western communication technologies facilitate cross-border interaction, but social and political capital possessed by the leaders may be necessary for transactions across national borders to occur thus gaining access to specialize... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1031964 Fri, 16 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1031964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1014202&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F10 DiscussionUsing examples of HIV prevention trials in Thailand, hepatitis-E prevention trials in Nepal and malaria therapeutic trials in Burma (Myanmar), we address the inadequacies of ethical guidelines in conducting research within oppressed populations. We review existing legislature in the United States and United Kingdom that may be used if trial hardships exist. We conclude by making considerations for any research conducted within oppressed populations. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1014202 Thu, 08 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1014202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=892542&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F9 The 'global public good' (GPG) concept has gained increasing attention, in health as well as development circles. However, it has suffered in finding currency as a general tool for global resource mobilisation, and is at risk of being attached to almost anything promoting development. This overstretches and devalues the validity and usefulness of the concept. This paper first defines GPGs and describes the policy challenge that they pose. Second, it identifies two key areas, health R&D and communicable disease control, in which the GPG concept is clearly relevant and considers the extent to which it has been applied. We point out that that, while there have been many new initiatives, it is not clear that additional resources from non-traditional sources have been forthcoming. Yet achieving... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=892542 Sat, 22 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 892542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=725740&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F8 [Abstract]: Queerness is now global. Many emerging economies of the global South are experiencing queer mobilization and sexual identity politics raising fundamental questions of citizenship and human rights on the one hand; and discourses of nationalism, cultural identity, imperialism, tradition and family-values on the other. While some researchers argue that with economic globalization in the developing world, a Western, hegemonic notion of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) identity has been exported to traditional societies thereby destroying indigenous sexual cultures and diversities, other scholars do not consider globalization as a significant factor in global queer mobilization and sexual identity politics. This paper aims at exploring the debate around globalization an... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=725740 Wed, 11 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 725740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=685490&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F5 Globalization is a key context for the study of social determinants of health (SDH). Broadly stated, SDH are the conditions in which people live and work, and that affect their opportunities to lead healthy lives. In this first article of a three-part series, we describe the origins of the series in work conducted for the Globalization Knowledge Network of the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health and in the Commission's specific concern with health equity. We explain our rationale for defining globalization with reference to the emergence of a global marketplace, and the economic and political choices that have facilitated that emergence. We identify a number of conceptual milestones in studying the relation between globalization and SDH over the period... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=685490 Tue, 19 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 685490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=685489&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F6 Globalization is a key context for the study of social determinants of health (SDH): broadly stated, SDH are the conditions in which people live and work, and that affect their opportunities to lead healthy lives. In the first article in this three part series, we described the origins of the series in work conducted for the Globalization Knowledge Network of the World Health Organizations Commission on Social Determinants of Health and in the Commissions specific concern with health equity. We identified and defended a definition of globalization that gives primacy to the drivers and effects of transnational economic integration, and addressed a number of important conceptual and methodological issues in studying globalizations effects on SDH and their distribution, emphasizing the need f... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=685489 Tue, 19 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 685489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=685488&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F7 This article is the third in a three-part review of research on globalization and the social determinants of health (SDH). In the first article of the series, we identified and defended an economically oriented definition of globalization and addressed a number of important conceptual and metholodogical issues. In the second article, we identified and described seven key clusters of pathways relevant to globalization's influence on SDH. This discussion provided the basis for the premise from which we begin this article: interventions to reduce health inequities by way of SDH are inextricably linked with social protection, economic management and development strategy. Reflecting this insight, and against the background of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), we focus on the asymmetric... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=685488 Tue, 19 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 685488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=665421&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F4 This issue of Globalization and Health presents a paper by Kerry and Lee that considers the TRIPS agreement and the recent policy debate regarding the protection of public health interest, particularly as they pertain to the Doha Declaration. In this editorial, we consider the debate, the conclusions thereof, and identify five questions that should be considered by key stakeholders in ongoing discussions. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=665421 Tue, 12 Jun 2007 04:00:00 +0100 665421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=634140&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F3 Conclusions: Despite being hailed as a "watershed in international trade", the Doha Declaration and Paragraph 6 decision have not resolved the problem of access to affordable medicines. The way forward must begin with a simplification of their content, to enable actual implementation. More fundamentally, once agreed, public health protections under TRIPS must be recognised as taking precedent over measures subsequently adopted under other trade agreements. This requires, above all, setting aside such protections as a basic need and shared goal from trade negotiations at all levels. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=634140 Thu, 24 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 634140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=627080&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F2 This paper assesses progress in the development of a global framework for responding to non-communicable diseases, as reflected in the policies and initiatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank and the UN: the institutions most capable of shaping a coherent global policy. Responding to the global burden of chronic disease requires a strategic assessment of the global processes that are likely to be most effective in generating commitment to policy change at country level, and in influencing industry behaviour. WHO has adopted a legal process with tobacco (the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control), but a non-legal, advocacy-based approach with diet and physical activity (the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health). The paper assesses the merits of the ... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=627080 Tue, 22 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 627080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=395955&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F3%2F1%2F1 This article centers around a proposal outlining how research universities could leverage their intellectual property to help close the access gap for health innovations in poor countries. A recent deal between Emory University, Gilead Sciences, and Royalty Pharma is used as an example to illustrate how equitable access licensing could be put into practice.DiscussionWhile the crisis of access to medicines in poor countries has multiple determinants, intellectual property protection leading to high prices is well-established as one critical element of the access gap. Given the current international political climate, systemic, government-driven reform of intellectual property protection seems unlikely. Therefore, we propose that public sector institutions, universities chief among them, ado... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=395955 Thu, 01 Feb 2007 07:00:00 +0100 395955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=324127&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F12 DiscussionMany see this brain drain of medical staff as wrong with developed countries exploiting poorer ones. The effects are considerable with Malawi facing high vacancy rates in its public health system, and with migration threatening to outstrip training despite efforts to improve pay and conditions. This shortage of staff has made it more challenging for Malawi to deliver on its Essential Health Package and to absorb new international health funding. Yet, without any policy effort Malawi has been able to demonstrate its global competitiveness in the training (production) of skilled health professionals. Remittances from migration are a large and growing source of foreign exchange for poor countries and tend to go directly to households. Whilst the data for Malawi is limited, studies f... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=324127 Mon, 18 Dec 2006 07:00:00 +0100 324127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=448267&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F12 DiscussionMany see this "brain drain" of medical staff as wrong with developed countries exploiting poorer ones. The effects are considerable with Malawi facing high vacancy rates in its public health system, and with migration threatening to outstrip training despite efforts to improve pay and conditions. This shortage of staff has made it more challenging for Malawi to deliver on its Essential Health Package and to absorb new international health funding.Yet, without any policy effort Malawi has been able to demonstrate its global competitiveness in the training ("production") of skilled health professionals. Remittances from migration are a large and growing source of foreign exchange for poor countries and tend to go directly to households. Whilst the data for Malawi is limited, studie... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=448267 Mon, 18 Dec 2006 05:00:00 +0100 448267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14523&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F7 Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health the world over. Global health governance strategies need to address the erosion of antimicrobial effectiveness on three levels. Firstly, mechanisms to provide incentives for the pharmaceutical industry to develop antimicrobials for diseases threatening the developing world need to be sought out. Secondly, responsible use of antimicrobials by both clinicians and the animal food growing industry needs to be encouraged and managed globally. And lastly, in-country and international monitoring of changes in antimicrobial effectiveness needs to be stepped up in the context of a global health governance strategy. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14523 Tue, 25 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 14523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14524&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F6 Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious and growing problem in all three countries. To date, there is not strong international convergence in the countries' resistance patterns. This finding may change with the greater international travel that will accompany globalization. Future research on the determinants of drug resistance patterns, and their international convergence or divergence, should be a priority. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14524 Fri, 07 Apr 2006 06:00:00 +0100 14524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14526&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F4 In a "nutrition transition", the consumption of foods high in fats and sweeteners is increasing throughout the developing world. The transition, implicated in the rapid rise of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases worldwide, is rooted in the processes of globalization. Globalization affects the nature of agri-food systems, thereby altering the quantity, type, cost and desirability of foods available for consumption. Understanding the links between globalization and the nutrition transition is therefore necessary to help policy makers develop policies, including food policies, for addressing the global burden of chronic disease. While the subject has been much discussed, tracing the specific pathways between globalization and dietary change remains a challenge.To help address this chal... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14526 Tue, 28 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 14526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14525&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F5 o Expert evaluations of the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical and medical devices, prior to marketing approval or reimbursement listing, collectively represent a globally important public good. The scientific processes involved play a major role in protecting the public from product risks such as unintended or adverse events, sub-standard production and unnecessary burdens on individual and governmental healthcare budgets. o Most States now have an increasing policy interest in this area, though institutional arrangements, particularly in the area of cost-effectiveness analysis of medical devices, are not uniformly advanced and are fragile in the face of opposing multinational industry pressure to recoup investment and maintain profit margins. o This paper examine... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14525 Tue, 28 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 14525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14527&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F3 Conclusion: The medical information gap between rich and poor countries as judged by publications in the NEJM appears to be larger than the gap in the funding for research. Under-representation of developing world health issues in the medical literature is a global phenomenon. International medical journals cannot rectify global inequities, but they have an important role in educating their constituencies about the global divide. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14527 Thu, 16 Mar 2006 07:00:00 +0100 14527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14528&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F2 Unprecedented migration, a core dimension of contemporary globalization, challenges population health. In a world of increasing human mobility, many health outcomes are shaped by transnational interactions among care providers and care recipients who meet in settings where nationality/ethnic match is not an option. This review article explores the value of transnational competence (TC) education as preparation for ethnically and socially discordant clinical encounters. The relevance of TC's five core skill domains (analytic, emotional, creative, communicative, and functional) for migration health and the medical-school curriculum is elaborated. A pedagogical approach that prepares for the transnational health-care consultation is presented, with a focus on clinical-clerkship learning exper... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14528 Mon, 30 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 14528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14529&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F1 DiscussionDonor and International Institutions' strategies to mitigate HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa are premised on a single optimal model of the State, one which focuses on the decentralised delivery of public goods alone (such as healthcare) – the service delivery state. The empirical evidence, though sparse, of "successful" and "unsuccessful" sub-Saharan Africa states' performance in mitigating HIV/AIDS does not support this model. Rather, the evidence suggests an alternative model that takes a country context specific approach – encompassing political power, institutional structures and the level of health technology needed. This model draws on the historical experience of East Asian countries' rapid development.SummaryFor international public health policies to be effective, the... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14529 Tue, 17 Jan 2006 07:00:00 +0100 14529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14530&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F1%2F1%2F18 Conclusion: This comparison highlights the way risk perception may determine different policy responses to global forces causing mortality. Nevertheless, the large mortality differential between international terrorism and tobacco use has policy implications for informing the rational use of resources to prevent premature death. (Source: Globalization and Health) Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14530 Thu, 15 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 14530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=14531&cid=s_31013_46_f&fid=31013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalizationandhealth.com%2Fcontent%2F1%2F1%2F17 There are acute disparities in pharmaceutical access between developing and industrialized countries. Developing countries make up approximately 80% of the world's population but only represent approximately 20% of global pharmaceutical consumption. Among the many barriers to drug access are the potential consequences of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. Many developing countries have recently modified their patent laws to conform to the TRIPS standards, given the 2005 deadline for developing countries. Safeguards to protect public health have been incorporated into the TRIPS Agreement; however, in practice governments may be reluctant to exercise such rights given concern about the international trade and political ramifications. The Doha Declara... Globalization and Health journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=14531 Fri, 09 Dec 2005 07:00:00 +0100 14531