MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Health Education' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 10:12:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654771&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F39%2F1%2F109%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654771 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654770&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F39%2F1%2F106%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654770 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654769&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F87%3Frss%3D1 There is a growing emphasis on the role of organizations as settings for dissemination and implementation. Only recently has the field begun to consider features of organizations that affect dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions. This manuscript identifies and evaluates available measures for five key organizational-level constructs: (a) leadership, (b) vision, (c) managerial relations, (d) climate, and (e) absorptive capacity. Overall the picture was the same across the five constructs—no measure was used in more than one study, many studies did not report the psychometric properties of the measures, some assessments were based on a single response per unit, and the level of the instrument and analysis did not always match. One must seriously consider the ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654769 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654768&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F77%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed effectiveness of an educational community intervention taught by promotoras de salud in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Hispanics using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Model development was guided by a social ecological framework proposing CVD risk reduction through improvement of protective health behaviors, health beliefs, contextual and social factors. Participants were 328 Hispanic adults with at least one CVD risk factor. SEM analyses assessed direct and indirect effects of intervention participation on CVD risk (Framingham score) and latent variables nutrition intake and health beliefs. The model fit was adequate (root mean square error of approximation = .056 [90% confidence interval = .040, .072], comparative fit index = .967, nor... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654768 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654767&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F67%3Frss%3D1 Age and ethnic group differences in cold weather and contagion or germ theories of infectious disease were explored in two studies. A cold weather theory was frequently invoked to explain colds and to a lesser extent flu but became less prominent with age as children gained command of a germ theory of disease. Explanations of how contact with other people causes disease were more causally sophisticated than explanations of how cold weather causes it. Finally, Mexican American and other minority children were more likely than European American children to subscribe to cold weather theories, a difference partially but not wholly attributable to ethnic group differences in parent education. Findings support the value of an intuitive or naïve theories perspective in understanding developm... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654767 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654766&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors used the 2008 DocStyles survey to measure clinician beliefs about the effectiveness of CA-125 and TVS in the asymptomatic, average-risk population in the United States. To assess the need for provider education, the authors used the 2008 HealthStyles survey to examine public awareness of CA-125. Of 1,250 physician respondents, 40.4% said both CA-125 and TVS were effective screens, and 28.3% said neither was an effective ovarian cancer screen in the asymptomatic, average-risk population. Obstetrician/gynecologists [OB/GYNs] more often had responses consistent with current guidelines: 56.5% of OB/GYNs, compared with 34.4% and 29.8% of family/general practitioners and internists, respectively, said neither CA-125 nor TVS was an effective screen. Almost one third of ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654766 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654765&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F45%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: School suspension is associated with early adolescent tobacco use, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654765 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654764&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F35%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the associations between self-reported racial composition of prior educational and neighborhood contexts and health literacy among 1,061 English- and Spanish-speaking adult community health center patients. The authors found that self-reported racial composition of high school was a significant predictor of health literacy among those who received schooling in the United States, controlling for race/ethnicity, education, age, country of birth, and survey language. Black and Hispanic patients had significantly lower health literacy than White patients within educational strata among those schooled in the United States. The findings revealed substantial disparities in health literacy. Self-reported racial composition of school context was a significant predictor of health... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654764 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654763&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F27%3Frss%3D1 Smoke-free air policies have been shown to reduce smoking, but the mechanism of behavior change is not well understood. The authors used structural equation modeling to conduct a theory of planned behavior analysis with data from 395 smokers living in seven Texas cities, three with a comprehensive smoke-free air law and four without a comprehensive law. Agreement with regulating smoking in public places was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived normative pressure about quitting. Nicotine dependence was significantly associated with attitudes and perceived behavioral control. There was also a direct effect of nicotine dependence on intention to take measures to quit smoking. Smoke-free air laws appear to influence quitting intentions through the formation of positive attitud... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654763 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654762&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F18%3Frss%3D1 This study examined factors associated with teens’ adherence to a multiple health behavior cancer preventive intervention. Analyses identified predictors of trial enrollment, run-in completion, and adherence (intervention initiation, number of sessions completed). Of 104 teens screened, 73% (n = 76) were trial eligible. White teens were more likely to enroll than non-Whites (2[1] df = 4.49, p = .04). Among enrolled teens, 76% (n = 50) completed the run-in; there were no differences between run-in completers and noncompleters. A majority of run-in completers (70%, n = 35) initiated the intervention, though teens who initiated the intervention were significantly younger than those who did not (p < .05). The mean number of sessions completed was 5.7 (SD = 2.6; maximum = 8). After adj... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654762 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654761&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F39%2F1%2F8%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions. These findings suggest that distressing imagery may inhibit persuasion by reducing audience attention to message components. Implications for message design are discussed. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654761 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654760&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F39%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654760 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427008&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F637%3Frss%3D1 The authors developed and delivered a brief patient activation intervention (PAI) that sought to facilitate physician–patient communication. The intervention was designed to assist low-income, racial/ethnic minority users of community health centers in building skills and confidence asking questions. The PAI takes 8 to 10 minutes to deliver and consists of five steps that can be carried out by individuals with minimal formal medical training. A total of 252 patients waiting to see their physician participated in the intervention and completed the follow-up semistructured interview after their health care visit. The authors describe the intervention and the results of their qualitative evaluation of patient’s responses. Overall, the PAI was valued by patients, appeared to add to... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427008 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427007&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F629%3Frss%3D1 This report explores the level of detailed knowledge about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (TSS) among 848 Blacks and Whites in three U.S. cities across an array of demographic variables. The Tuskegee Legacy Project (TLP) Questionnaire was used, which was designed to explore the willingness of minorities to participate in biomedical studies. A component of the TLP Questionnaire, the TSS Facts & Myths Quiz, consisting of seven yes/no factual questions, was used to establish respondents’ level of detailed knowledge on the TSS. Both Blacks and Whites had similar very low mean quiz score on the 7-point scale, with Blacks’ scores being slightly higher than Whites (1.2 vs. 0.9, p = .003). When analyzing the level of knowledge between racial groups by various demographic variables, se... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427007 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427006&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F617%3Frss%3D1 This study uses the theory of reasoned action and structural equation modeling to test the effects of religious involvement, attitudes, knowledge, and previous experience on intent-to-obtain genetic testing within a representative sample of 1,824 U.S. adults. A majority of respondents indicate willingness to test, especially for curable disorders. Attitudes, knowledge, and previous experience have significant direct effects, and religious involvement has an indirect effect, through its negative effect on attitudes, on intent-to-test. High religious involvement is associated with more negative attitudes toward genetic testing. The findings underscore the need to refine genetic testing outreach efforts to account for multiple influences on consumer intent-to-test. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427006 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427005&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F603%3Frss%3D1 This systematic review critically synthesizes the literature focusing on factors related to preconception health behaviors (PCHBs) among childbearing age women in the United States, developed countries, and developing countries. Ovid Medline and CINAHL databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2008 relating to PCHB. Six major categories of factors were identified: frequency of alcohol intake prior and during pregnancy, glycemic control/diabetes management, physical activity before and during pregnancy, pregnancy planning behavior, cystic fibrosis carrier screening, and other risk factors. A critical finding of this review is that knowledge, awareness, and beliefs of preconception care do not lead to preconception health practice. Younger preconceptional ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427005 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427004&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F596%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: Because self-efficacy may be amenable to change, these findings could inform future efforts aimed at increasing behaviors that promote healthy weight status among early adolescents. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427004 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427003&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F584%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to determine whether stigmatized attitudes toward HIV/AIDS serve the same function for all (consensus function) or serve different functions for different individuals (divergence function) by assessing various aspects of HIV/AIDS stigma using a sample of 236 adults aged 20 to 65 years from the Iranian community living in Sydney, Australia in 2007. Respondents were classified as evaluatives or expressives based on their responses to attitude function inventory scale. HIV/AIDS-related attitudes in the study group were found to have more of an expressive (58.5%) than an evaluative function (32.2%). Multiple regression analyses revealed that various aspects of HIV/AIDS stigma were functionally divergent within the study group and could serve evaluative and expressive function.... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427003 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427002&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F574%3Frss%3D1 The authors surveyed 1,998 Missourians to evaluate (a) awareness and (b) understanding of messages about the impact of tobacco use in Missouri, (c) belief in the accuracy of the messages, and (d) intention to vote for a tobacco tax increase on the basis of the messages. Using structural equation modeling, the relationships among these four constructs were evaluated. A comparison of smokers and nonsmokers indicated that these two groups were influenced by the messages in different ways, 2(8) = 20.89, p < .05, and should be modeled separately. The nonsmokers’ model demonstrated significant (p < .05) relationships between understanding the messages and belief in message accuracy (b = .41; R 2 = .17) and between belief in message accuracy and intention to vote in favor of th... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427002 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427001&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F563%3Frss%3D1 This study represents a successful implementation of a web-based, self-guided change intervention to reduce risk for an AEP, an intervention with community-wide reach due to the Internet platform. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427001 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427000&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F6%2F558%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427000 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5427000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426999&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F6%2F551%3Frss%3D1 This article describes why such a social determinants approach can enhance our collective efforts to improve population health. This is achieved by defining the context for this new perspective, the process by which the Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives were developed, and the challenges and opportunities ahead. Adding this broad, social determinants perspective and vision for shared societal responsibility for change leaves Healthy People 2020 poised to promote a stronger legacy for a healthier nation and reaffirm a unity of purpose for the future. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426999 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5426999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244797&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F530%3Frss%3D1 Published research demonstrates an association between exposure to media sexual content and a variety of sex-related outcomes for adolescents. What is not known is the mechanism through which sexual content produces this "media effect" on adolescent beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. Using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, this article uses data from a longitudinal study of adolescents ages 16 to 18 (N = 460) to determine how exposure to sexual media content influences sexual behavior. Path analysis and structural equation modeling demonstrated that intention to engage in sexual intercourse is determined by a combination of attitudes, normative pressure, and self-efficacy but that exposure to sexual media content only affects normative pressure beliefs. By applying the Integra... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244797 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244796&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F521%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions: Goals attained were not related to LV intake or PA but was related to FJ intake, but only when home FJ availability was high and the relationship was confounded by social desirability of response. Further research is needed with higher quality measures of dietary intake to clarify these relationships. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244796 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244795&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F510%3Frss%3D1 This study examined adolescent body mass index (BMI) and participation in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and their associations with school year, adolescent nutrition and sedentary behaviors, parent BMI, parent physical activity, and parent support adolescent physical activity. Participants included 295 adolescents and their parents. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between adolescent BMI, MVPA, and the range of adolescent and parent characteristics. Results indicated that parents and home environments play significant roles in the development and maintenance of adolescent overweight/obesity of physical activity behaviors. School-based interventions should ensure high levels of parent involvement and target male adolescents to reduce time spent in small ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244795 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244794&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F502%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to identify factors underlying decisions to participate in work-site wellness programs. A sample of 279 full-time workers from a service division of a rural Midwestern university completed a survey assessing demographic and job characteristics, health status and health behaviors, and Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) variables for participating in work-site wellness activities. Regression analyses identified factors associated with intention; multivariate analyses of variance compared low to high intenders on salient beliefs. In sequential regression analyses, constructs of RAA predicted intention over and above the three significant background variables of age, exercise in past month, and fruit and vegetable consumption (R 2 = .469, R 2 change = .4... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244794 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244793&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F492%3Frss%3D1 This study tested the effects of two theory-based interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake. Hypothesized intervention mediators included self-efficacy (SE), social support (SS), autonomous motivation (AM), and controlled motivation (CM). At baseline, 1,021 African American adults were recruited from 16 churches randomized to one comparison and two intervention groups: Group 1 (standard educational materials), Group 2 (culturally targeted materials), and Group 3 (culturally targeted materials and telephone-based motivational interviewing). A well-fitted model based on structural equation modeling—2(df = 541, N = 353, 325) = 864.28, p < .001, normed fit index = .96, nonnormed fit index = .98, comparative fit index = .98, root mean square error of approximation = .042&mda... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244793 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244792&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F482%3Frss%3D1 Despite the potential health consequences, African American men tend to treat their roles as providers, fathers, spouses, and community members as more important than engaging in health behaviors such as physical activity. We conducted 14 exploratory focus groups with 105 urban, middle-aged African American men from the Midwest to examine factors that influence their health behaviors. Thematic content analysis revealed three interrelated barriers to physical activity: (a) work, family, and community commitments and priorities limited time and motivation for engaging in physical activity; (b) physical activity was not a normative individual or social activity and contributed to men prioritizing work and family responsibilities over physical activity; and (c) the effort men exerted in seekin... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244792 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244791&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F471%3Frss%3D1 Understanding factors that promote or prevent adherence to recommended health behaviors is essential for developing effective health programs, particularly among lower income populations who carry a disproportionate burden of disease. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews (n = 64) with low-income Black and Latina women who shared the experience of requiring diagnostic follow-up after having a screening mammography with abnormal findings. We found that in addition to holding negative and fatalistic cancer-related beliefs, the social context of these women was largely defined by multiple challenges and major life stressors, factors that may interfere with their ability to attain health. Factors commonly mentioned included competing health issues, economic hardship, demanding caretakin... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244791 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244790&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F462%3Frss%3D1 A qualitative study examined perceptions of HIV testing and strategies to enhance HIV testing among HIV-negative African American heterosexual young adults (ages 18-25 years). Twenty-six focus groups (13 male groups, 13 female groups) were conducted in two low-income communities (urban and rural). All sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was completed using AnSWR software. Many participants expressed that learning one’s HIV status, regardless of the result, was a benefit of taking an HIV test because this was perceived to produce emotional relief. Additional benefits included the avoidance of unknowingly spreading the virus, being offered treatment access if HIV-positive, and taking time to assess and modify risky sexual behaviors if HIV-negative. If diagnosed ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244790 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244789&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F452%3Frss%3D1 A low rate of mammogram screening exists among low-income Hispanic women. To address this disparity, an experimental intervention containing audiovisual and written media was conducted using the health belief model as a framework. The purpose of this study was to determine if low-income Hispanic women, more than 40 years of age, who received targeted cancer prevention education (n = 105) had a significantly greater perceived threat of breast cancer, greater benefits and lower barriers to screening, and stronger intentions to obtain mammograms compared to a control group (n = 105). Intervention participants reported significantly greater perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and mammogram screening intentions than the control group. Predictors of mammogram screening intentions, when controllin... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244789 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244788&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F441%3Frss%3D1 This article explores an innovative strategy for battling the obesity epidemic. The strategy involves demonstrating to policy makers and education leaders the value of promoting physical activity in school as a way of enhancing academic-related outcomes to narrow the current achievement gap. A literature review was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of this strategy. Seven studies that examined the relationship between physical activity or fitness and academic-related outcomes were reviewed. Although more research is needed in this area, the majority of the articles reviewed found that regardless of socioeconomic status or ethnicity, a positive relationship exists between physical activity and academic-related outcomes. These findings suggest that integrating more physical activity int... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244788 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244787&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F5%2F433%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions. Increasing the number of trials and participating countries (including developing ones) is necessary to make available behavioral interventions in different settings in the future. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244787 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244786&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F5%2F431%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244786 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5244786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084528&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F423%3Frss%3D1 Robertson, A. A., St. Lawrence, J., Morse, D. T., Baird-Thomas, C., Liew, H., & Gresham, K. (2011). The Healthy Teen Girls Project: Comparison of health education and STD risk reduction intervention for incarcerated adolescent females. Health Education & Behavior, 38, 241-250. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1090198110372332) On p. 241 of the article "The Healthy Teen Girls Project: Comparison of Health Education and STD Risk Reduction Intervention for Incarcerated Adolescent Females," the lead author’s name incorrectly appeared as Angela R. Robertson. The lead author’s name should have appeared as Angela A. Robertson. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084528 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084527&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F412%3Frss%3D1 This two-phase evaluation documented the delivery and effectiveness of evidence-based health education methods by regular staff to pregnant smokers. During Phase 1, a total of 436 Medicaid patients were screened and 416 (95%) gave consent: 334 nonsmokers and 102 smokers. This historical Comparison (C) group was assessed to document the "normal" pretrial smoking prevalence, patient nondisclosure (deception), and cessation rates at the first prenatal visit and during care. After this study, a formative evaluation of SCRIPT methods was conducted among 139 experimental group patients and 126 control group patients. During Phase 2, a total of 6,514 patients were screened over a 36-month period: 1,736 (27%) were smokers and 1,340 (77%) gave consent. After randomization, 247 became ineligible. Th... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084527 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084526&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F404%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the role of dual hazard and decisional balance in the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention. The authors conducted sets of multivariable linear and logistic regressions that examined if (a) the intervention was associated with changes in the psychosocial variables and (b) increase in psychosocial variables was associated with increase in smoking cessation. As hypothesized by the theoretical basis of the study, higher scores on both of the psychosocial variables were significantly associated with smoking cessation. However, the intervention did not change decisional balance and decreased dual hazard. The variables examined were important but were not mediators of the MassBUILT intervention and this could have contributed to the significant relapse in smoking among stu... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084526 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084525&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F389%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to identify and review tools used to evaluate consumer-oriented written medicine (WMI) and health (WHI) information from a document and user perspective. Articles that met the following inclusion criteria were reviewed: studies evaluating readability, presentation, suitability, quality of WMI/WHI. A total of 152 articles were identified, of which 64 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Fifty-nine original studies used evaluation tools and 5 reviewed a specific group of tools. Sixteen detailed the development or validation of an instrument. Fifteen studies evaluated WMI and 28 evaluated WHI. Twenty-three evaluation instruments were identified. Of the seven readability tests, SMOG was predominantly used (12 of 43 studies). Eight tools measured health literacy, with REALM being t... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084525 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084524&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F379%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this report was to evaluate a prevention program to reduce risk factors for common diseases among older individuals in a lower income community. This randomized community-based study enrolled older adults into a Brief Education and Counseling Intervention or a Brief Education and Counseling Intervention plus a physical activity and (for those with hypertension) a dietary sodium intervention. Outcomes were collected on 389 adults with a mean age of 73.9 years over 24 months. Adherence to the "10 Keys" improved significantly in the proportion meeting goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+14%), bone mineral density testing (+11%), pneumonia vaccination (+11%), colonoscopy (+14%), and adherence to antihypertensive medication (+9%). This program resulted in significant ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084524 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084523&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F367%3Frss%3D1 This study provides examples of developmental trajectories that help explain the early onset of socially produced health disparities among some gay male adolescents and emerging adults, but also the development of risk factors that may follow some gay men into adulthood. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084523 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084522&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F357%3Frss%3D1 This article characterizes relapse behavior in comparison with continued SODIS use after a 7-month nonpromotion period. In addition, different subtypes among relapsers and continuers were assumed to diverge mainly in their intention to use SODIS and their degree of cognition intensity. Data were taken from a longitudinal SODIS promotion study. Cluster analyses were applied to find subtypes among 166 relapsers and 123 continuers. Overall relapsers have lower values for all psychological variables compared to overall continuers. A low-value and a high-value relapser subtype as well as a low-value and a high-value continuer subtype were found. Low-value relapsers differ from high-value relapsers in one central belief (taste), in affective connotation, social norms, and dissonance. Interesting... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084522 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084521&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F348%3Frss%3D1 This study developed and tested measures of psychological empowerment (PE) and self-efficacy for research and action among a sample of 439 ethnically diverse adolescents primarily recruited from public high schools in an urban center. Items for the PE measure were generated through an iterative combination of conducting formative research with our target population while also drawing on existing theory and measures in the field. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the PE measure, testing four factors: adolescents’ motivation to influence their school and community settings; participatory behavior; sociopolitical skills; and perceived control. Psychometric analyses for the PE scales and their correlation with adolescents’ report of self-esteem, academic achievement, c... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084521 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084520&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F339%3Frss%3D1 This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) with two waves of survey data from a cross-lagged panel design to test reciprocal and unidirectional causal relations between latent variables representing CP and PE. Participants (n = 474) were randomly selected neighborhood residents and organizational members from the United States. Four models were tested using SEM: (a) a baseline model with autoregressive paths, (b) a model with autoregressive effects and CP predicting future PE, (c) a model with autoregressive effects and PE predicting future CP, and (d) a fully cross-lagged model. Results indicated that CP influenced future PE; however, reciprocal causality was not found to occur between the variables. Implications of the study for empowerment theory and community-based practice ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084520 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5084519&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F4%2F331%3Frss%3D1 This article describes what SOPHE members can do both individually and collectively to reduce the health and educational inequities facing our most vulnerable children. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5084519 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5084519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838200&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F311%3Frss%3D1 The Internet has emerged as an important tool for the delivery of health promotion and disease prevention interventions. Our community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership developed and piloted CyBER/testing, a culturally congruent intervention designed to promote HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) within existing Internet chat rooms. Using a quasi-experimental, single-group study design, cross-sectional data were collected from chat room participants, known as "chatters," at pretest (n = 346) and posttest (n = 315). Extant profile data also were collected to describe the demographics of the online population. The intervention significantly increased self-reported HIV testing among chatters overall, increasing rates from 44.5% at pretest to nearly 60% at posttest ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838200 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838199&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F301%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of community capacity for American Indian communities. The study included development and testing phases to ensure face, content, construct, and predictive validity. There were 500 participants in two southwest tribes who completed a detailed community profile, which contained 21 common items in five dimensions (communication, sense of community, youth, elders, and language/culture). In addition, subscales of women and leadership were included in one tribe each. Confirmatory factor analysis primarily supported the factorial structure of the instruments, and the seven dimensions were found to correlate with previously validated measures of social capital, historical trauma, community influence, and physical health in expected directions. (S... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838199 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838198&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F293%3Frss%3D1 Little is known about the most effective strategies to recruit male Latino smokers to cessation research studies. The purpose of this study was to identify efficient and cost-effective research recruitment strategies for this priority population. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838198 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838197&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F282%3Frss%3D1 This qualitative study sought to understand food acquisition behaviors and environmental factors that influence those behaviors among women in a low-income African American community with limited food resources. We drew on in-depth interviews with 30 women ages 21 to 45 years recruited from a community health center in Chicago, Illinois. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Emergent themes revealed that women identified multiple environmental barriers—material, economic, and social-interactional—to acquiring food in an acceptable setting. In response, they engaged in several adaptive strategies to manage or alter these challenges, including optimizing, settling, being proactive, and advocating. These findings indicate that efforts to improve neighborhood food ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838197 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838196&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F271%3Frss%3D1 This study draws on quantitative ratings of 33 factors associated with CBPR as well as open-ended questions addressing the benefits, facilitators, barriers, and recommendations for collaboration. Eight distinct but related studies are represented by 10 academic and 9 community researchers. Even though contextual considerations were identified between the academic and community partners, in large part because of their focus, organizational mandate and particular expertise, key factors for facilitating collaboration were found across groups. Both community and academic partners reported the following as very important for positive collaborations: trust and mutual respect; adequate time; shared commitment, decision making, and goals; a memorandum of understanding or partnership agreement; cle... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838196 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838195&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F261%3Frss%3D1 The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) blends practice wisdom with empirical data to explain how community coalitions achieve community change and community capacity outcomes. The current study uses data from an evaluation of 20 California Healthy Cities and Communities coalitions to test relationships between coalition factors and outcomes as predicted by CCAT in two stages of coalition development. Data are from two rounds of coalition member surveys, interviews with local coalition coordinators, and semiannual progress reports. Consistent with CCAT predictions and prior research, shared decision making and leadership were correlated with participation; staff competence, task focus, and cohesion were correlated with member satisfaction. Coalition size was associated with participat... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838195 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838194&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F251%3Frss%3D1 U.S. childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with one third of children overweight or obese. Latino children have some of the highest obesity rates, a concern because they are part of the youngest and fastest-growing U.S. minority group. Unfortunately, scarce research data on Latinos hinders the development and implementation of evidence-based, culturally appropriate childhood obesity interventions. In response, the Salud America! network conducted a national Delphi survey among researchers and stakeholders to identify research priorities to address Latino childhood obesity and compare differences by occupation and race or ethnicity. The resulting first-ever National Latino Childhood Obesity Research Agenda provides a framework to stimulate research and collaboration among inve... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838194 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838193&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F241%3Frss%3D1 Adolescent girls incarcerated in a state reformatory (N = 246) were recruited and assigned to an 18-session health education program or a time-equivalent HIV prevention program. Cohorts were assigned to conditions using a randomized block design separated by a washout period to reduce contamination. Post intervention, girls in the HIV risk reduction program demonstrated the acquisition of risk-reduction behavioral skills and improved condom application skill. At a follow-up assessment approximately 9 months after release from the correctional facility, girls in both conditions reported fewer unprotected sexual intercourse occasions and less sex while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838193 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838192&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F231%3Frss%3D1 This article presents the results of a mediation analysis of Project MYTRI (Mobilizing Youth for Tobacco Related Initiatives in India), a randomized, controlled trial of a multiple-component, school-based tobacco prevention program for sixth- to ninth-graders (n = 14,085) in Delhi and Chennai, India. A mediation analysis identifies how an intervention achieves its effects. In MYTRI, changes in students’ (a) knowledge about the negative health effects of tobacco, (b) beliefs about its social consequences, (c) reasons to use tobacco, (d) reasons not to use tobacco, (e) advocacy skills self-efficacy, and (f) normative beliefs about tobacco use were significantly associated with reductions in students’ intentions to use tobacco and tobacco use behaviors. In contrast, changes in stu... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838192 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838191&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F3%2F222%3Frss%3D1 Steps to Health King County (Steps KC; Seattle, Washington) was one of 40 community-level initiatives funded in 2003 as part of the Steps to a HealthierUS initiative. Steps KC goals included reducing the impact of chronic diseases through a comprehensive, coordinated approach and reducing health disparities due to chronic illness. Steps KC intervention activities took place on two levels: the overall Steps KC collaborative and individual funded programs. Collaborative-level activities included policy and systems change initiatives and efforts to better integrate the funded-program organizations. The funded programs ranged from group health promotion programs to intensive case management. Steps KC was successful in creating a large, diverse community collaborative and funding 14 separate pr... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838191 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838190&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F3%2F219%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838190 Sun, 15 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675294&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F198%3Frss%3D1 This article uses findings from 185 direct clinician observations in four cities of Peru (representing the capital and each of the three main geographic regions of the country) to assess missed opportunities for health education on Pap smears and other preventive women’s health behaviors during women’s visits to a health care provider. Various types of health establishments, provider settings, and provider types were observed. Opportunities for patient education on the importance of prevention were rarely exploited. In fact, health education provided was minimal. Policy and programmatic implications are discussed. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675294 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675293&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F171%3Frss%3D1 Many nations have witnessed a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight across their population. Recognizing the influence of the household environment on energy balance has led many researchers to suggest that intergenerational interventions hold promise for addressing this epidemic. Yet few comprehensive reviews of intergenerational energy balance interventions have been undertaken. Our review of the literature over the past decade revealed that intergenerational intervention approaches to enhance energy balance use a broad array of designs, target populations, and theoretical models, making results difficult to compare and "best practices" challenging to identify. Additional themes include variation in how interventions incorporate the intergenerational component; an... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675293 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675292&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F159%3Frss%3D1 This study used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate a six-session peer group intervention for HIV prevention among rural adults in Malawi. Two rural districts were randomly assigned to intervention and control conditions. Independent random samples of community adults compared the districts at baseline and at 6 and 18 months postintervention. Using multiple regressions controlling for six demographic factors, intervention district adults had significantly more favorable outcomes at 6- and 18-month evaluations for condom attitudes, self-efficacy for community prevention, self-efficacy for practicing safer sex, partner communication, using condoms ever in the past 2 months, and community prevention activities. Knowledge and hope for controlling the epidemic were significantly higher in t... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675292 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675291&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F150%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the relationship between emotional outlook on life and change in physical activity among inactive adults in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. A total of 2,132 sedentary adults completed a baseline medical examination and returned for a follow-up examination at least 6 months later. Participants self-reported physical activity level and emotional outlook on life. Emotional outlook on life was significantly and positively related to physical activity participation at the follow-up visit in men but not women. Men who were usually very happy and optimistic at baseline had significantly greater increases in physical activity compared to men who were not happy. Men with a more positive outlook on life (e.g., happier) may be more likely to increase physical activity leve... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675291 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675290&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F143%3Frss%3D1 Expectancy-value models of motivation have been applied to understanding children’s choices in areas such as academics and sports. Here, an expectancy-value paradigm is applied to exercising (defined as engaging in physical activity). The notion of perceived cost is highlighted in particular. Two hundred twenty children in third, fourth, and fifth grades were surveyed on their competence beliefs, perceived importance, interest, and perceived cost of being physically active. Results indicated that perceived cost is empirically distinct from competence beliefs and other types of value, that perceived cost is marginally related to children’s self-reported level of physical activity, and children’s beliefs and other values are related to their self-reported level of physical ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675290 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675289&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F132%3Frss%3D1 Content analysis data on the tans of 4,422 female Caucasian models sampled from spring and summer magazine issues were combined with readership data to generate indices of potential exposure to social modeling of tanning via popular women’s magazines over a 15-year period (1987 to 2002). Associations between these indices and cross-sectional telephone survey data from the same period on 5,675 female teenagers’ and adults’ tanning attitudes, beliefs, and behavior were examined using logistic regression models. Among young women, greater exposure to tanning in young women’s magazines was associated with increased likelihood of endorsing pro-tan attitudes and beliefs. Among women of all ages, greater exposure to tanned models via the most popular women’s magazine... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675289 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675288&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F123%3Frss%3D1 As a "thought experiment," the authors used a modified stages of change model for smoking to define homogeneous segments within various hypothetical populations. The authors then estimated the population effect of public health interventions that targeted the different segments. Under most assumptions, interventions that emphasized primary and secondary prevention, by targeting the Never Smoker, Maintenance, or Action segments, resulted in the highest nonsmoking life expectancy. This result is consistent with both social marketing and public health principles. Although the best thing for an individual smoker is to stop smoking, the greatest public health benefit is achieved by interventions that target nonsmokers. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675288 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675287&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F116%3Frss%3D1 To better target messages it is important to determine where people seek their health information. Interpersonal networks are a common way most people gather health information, but some people have limited networks. Using data from the 2004 General Social Survey (N = 984), we compared social isolates and nonisolates in their health information—seeking behaviors. Results indicate that those with limited social networks are less likely to use interpersonal communication to seek health information and are also less likely to use mediated channels. The results suggest that isolates may also be suffering from a health knowledge gap. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675287 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675286&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F2%2F111%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the current state of the global fight against cancer and of noncommunicable disease in general, the progress to date against cancer, and postulates that there has never been a more challenging—nor more ideal—time to succeed in making significant headway against the disease worldwide. Based on progress made particularly in the past two decades, and with proven interventions and scientific knowledge, it is possible to bring cancer as a major health problem worldwide under control in this century.The article also discusses what the American Cancer Society, the nation’s largest voluntary health organization dedicated to saving lives from cancer, is doing to lead a global movement in support of achieving this goal. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675286 Sun, 03 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4675286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427962&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F1%2F102%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427962 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427961&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F1%2F99%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427961 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427960&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F91%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluates the relationship between actual body size and desired body size among a representative sample of 800 Jordanian women. Using Stunkard’s body silhouettes, women were asked to identify their current and ideal body sizes, healthy body size, and their perception of the body size preferred by men. Body mass index (BMI) calculations indicate that 53.8% of the women were overweight or obese. Their mean current body size was 5, which is consistent with the mean BMI of 26 in the sample. Although 66% of the women were dissatisfied with their body size, the desired weight loss was not extreme. Pearson correlation was positive (.858, p <.0001) between measured BMI and body silhouettes chosen as an indicator of current body size. Jordanian women seemed pulled between the tr... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427960 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427959&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F80%3Frss%3D1 This study uses photo-elicitation interviews, a qualitative, participatory method, to understand community members’ perceptions of how distribution of structural factors through creation and maintenance of institutional practices and policies influence employment opportunities and, ultimately, community health for African Americans living in rural Missouri. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427959 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427958&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F63%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to test an integrative theoretical framework in explaining adolescents’ sexual abstinence and intentions to remain abstinent and refine the framework to reflect which elements contribute more powerfully to the explanation of abstinence and intentions. We administered an anonymous, theory-based questionnaire to two nonrandom samples of seventh- and eighth-graders (n = 451 and 447, respectively). Measurement modeling provided sufficient evidence for establishing construct validity. A refined structural equation model demonstrated good fit. Pro-abstinence standards predicted stronger beliefs toward staying abstinent, stronger perceptions that others endorse pro-abstinence norms, and a greater self-efficacy to remain sexually abstinent until marriage. In tur... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427958 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427957&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F49%3Frss%3D1 The Internet is considered to be a promising delivery channel of interventions aimed at promoting healthful behaviors, especially for adolescents and young adults. Exposure to these interventions, however, is generally low. A more extensive exploration of methods, strategies, and their effectiveness with regard to facilitating exposure is therefore timely, because this knowledge is crucial to improve the use of such interventions and, subsequently, to increase behavioral change. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted, resulting in 838 studies based on title selection, of which 26 studies met the eligibility criteria. The systematic review resulted in an overview of methods and strategies that have been used to facilitate exposure. Patterns of effective strategies co... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427957 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427956&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F39%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the social dynamics that underlie the negative association between religiosity and cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. Using data from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the authors used a theory-based conceptual model (vicarious learning networks [VLN]) to examine the role that key reference group norms play in the religiosity—smoking relationship. This relationship is partially mediated by parents’ and close friends’ perceived disapproval for smoking. However, religiosity maintains a strong negative association with smoking. Consistent with the VLN model, cigarette use varied substantively based on reference group normative configurations. To the extent that the protective effects of religiosity arise from its influence in structu... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427956 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427955&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F25%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study is to see if encouragement from fellow church members helps older people develop and maintain healthy lifestyles. The findings indicate that informal church-based support is associated with healthy lifestyles among older African Americans but not older Whites. In addition, the influence of support from fellow church members on health behaviors is greater for study participants who closely identify with their congregations. The results further reveal that the adoption of healthy lifestyles is not associated with support from people outside the church nor is it linked to formal programs that churches provide to encourage good health behaviors. The theoretical and practice implications of these results are discussed. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427955 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427954&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F15%3Frss%3D1 This study examined older adults’ perceptions of PA and CH. We conducted 10 focus groups with irregularly active older Black and White women and men (N = 55), ages 65 to 74 in South Carolina. Constant comparison methods compared themes by gender and race/ethnicity groups. Most participants perceived cognitive decline as a severe threat, and they were primarily concerned about losing their independence. Most reported feeling susceptible to cognitive decline. Although most recognized the link between PA and CH, several White men said the association was not clear. Participants recommended a wide range of PA amounts needed to achieve CH benefits. Many suggested that evidence of PA benefits for CH would enhance message credibility. Participants suggested messages be paired with social su... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427954 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427953&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F38%2F1%2F6%3Frss%3D1 Young adults participating in outdoor sports represent a high-risk group for excessive sun exposure. The purpose of this study was to identify modifiable social cognitive correlates of sunscreen use among young adult competitors. Participants aged 18 to 30 years who competed in soccer (n = 65), surf-lifesaving (n = 63), hockey (n = 61), and tennis (n = 48) completed a sun habits survey. Almost half (n = 113) of the participants used sunscreen inadequately and 30% (n = 70) reported not using sunscreen. In fully adjusted models, social cognitive attributes significantly (p < .05) associated with inadequate sunscreen use (vs. nonuse) included skin cancer risk perceptions (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3, 1.0), perceived barriers to sunscreen use (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3, 0.9), and stronger personal ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427953 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427952&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427952 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4427951&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F38%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4427951 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4427951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236243&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F926%3Frss%3D1 Weiss, E. S., Taber, S. K., Breslau, E. S., Lillie, S. E., & Li, Y. (2010). The role of leadership and management in six southern public health partnerships: A study of member involve- ment and satisfaction. Health Education & Behavior, 37(5), 737-752. (Original DOI:10.1177/1090198110364613) In the above article, Shahnaz K. Taber’s affiliation was incorrectly identified as "National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland." The affiliation area after Ms. Taber’s name should have been blank; the memorial dedication to her, which can be found at the bottom of p. 737, was intended to appear in lieu of an affiliation. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236243 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236242&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F913%3Frss%3D1 Wellness for African Americans Through Churches was a randomized trial that tested the effectiveness of tailored print and video (TPV) and/or lay health advisors (LHA) at increasing recreational physical activity (RPA), fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in African American churches. Baseline data revealed lower screening and RPA rates among obese individuals but no weight-related differences in F&V consumption. This analysis examined if intervention effectiveness was also moderated by participant weight group. Regression analyses tested for interactions between intervention and weight group for screening and RPA. Weight group was found to be a moderator of intervention effectiveness (p = .02); normal and overweight individuals receiving th... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236242 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236242 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236241&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F895%3Frss%3D1 This study compared the demographics of those who selected each modality and assessed differences in program success relative to the modalities chosen. Telephone participants were more likely to be older, female, and salaried. Telephone participants were also more ready, confident, and motivated to make a behavior change, when compared to those in the mail program. Researchers found both the telephone and mail programs to be effective in reducing participants’ health risk status, though the telephone program was slightly more effective. These findings demonstrate the importance of offering a variety of interventions when promoting healthy changes. More research is needed to investigate the role of participant choice and the combinations of learning experiences that best facilitate su... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236241 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236240&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F879%3Frss%3D1 Among rising rates of overweight and obesity, schools have become essential settings to promote health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). As schools exist within a broader environment, the social ecological model (SEM) provided a framework to consider how different levels interact and influence PA. The purpose of this study was to provide insight on school-based PA promotion by investigating the integration between different levels of Emmons’s SEM within one public school board in a large Canadian city. Interviews were conducted with participants from the government (n = 4), the public school board (n = 3), principals (n = 3), and teachers (n = 4) and analyzed to explore perspectives on the various levels of the model. The results suggested that higher level policies "trickle... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236240 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236239&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F863%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the prevalence of current smoking and associated psychosocial correlates and whether these correlates differ by sex among adolescent students in Thailand. Data were analyzed from the Thailand Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a school-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 and completed by Mathayom 1, 2, and 3 (U.S. seventh through ninth grades) students. Weighted prevalence estimates of the percentage of students who were current smokers (smoked on ≥1 day during the past 30 days) and noncurrent smokers were calculated for the sample and for each psychosocial variable. Separate logistic regression models were calculated for males and females to examine the independent association of the psychosocial correlates of current smoking. Significant correlates f... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236239 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236238&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F849%3Frss%3D1 The information—motivation—behavioral skills (IMB) model of health behavior change informed the design of a brief, culturally tailored diabetes self-care intervention for Puerto Ricans with type 2 diabetes. Participants (n = 118) were recruited from an outpatient, primary care clinic at an urban hospital in the northeast United States. ANCOVA models evaluated intervention effects on food label reading, diet adherence, physical activity, and glycemic control (HbA1c). At follow-up, the intervention group was reading food labels and adhering to diet recommendations significantly more than the control group. Although the mean HbA1c values decreased in both groups (Intervention: 0.48% vs. Control: 0.27% absolute decrease), only the intervention group showed a significant improvement... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236238 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236237&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F831%3Frss%3D1 Using a randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of a fall prevention intervention to reduce falls among adults in a community-based health promotion program. Adults aged 65 and older within two counties were recruited (control n = 257; intervention n = 286). After 12 months, there was a significant decrease in the number of falls in both groups (odds ratio = 0.45, p < .04), but the time by group membership interaction was not significant ( 2 = 0.15, p < .69). Multivariate analysis did not find significant differences between the control and intervention groups for physical function as measured by a balance test or a sitting/standing test. Further research is needed on effective methods to deliver multifaceted fall interventions to older adults who are already being served... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236237 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236236&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F815%3Frss%3D1 This study used constructs from both Rogers’s diffusion theory and Rütten’s framework for policy analysis to create a conceptual framework that identifies determinants hypothesized to affect the level of adaptation. Preliminary measures of these constructs were also developed. This framework and its measures assess organizational and program-related factors associated with adaptation and could serve as a model to assess implementation and adaptation in fields outside of HIV prevention. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236236 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236235&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F801%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates whether high-risk young adults’ perceptions of their likelihood of living to age 35 and of acquiring HIV are related to their substance abuse problems and risky sexual behaviors. The sample consists of data from the 72- and 87-month follow-up assessments of 449 juvenile offenders referred to probation in 1999 and 2000. Results indicate that believing one is likely to get HIV is associated with having more concurrent substance use problems and engaging in more risky sexual behaviors. Longitudinal analyses indicate that youth who think they are likely to get HIV are at greater risk for later substance abuse problems and risky sexual behaviors, though these results are only marginally significant. The results demonstrate that respondents are aware of some of the ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236235 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236234&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F789%3Frss%3D1 The author of this study conducted focus groups with African American women to explore their perspectives on obesity, disease causation, and their ideas on the functionality of cultural, social, historical, environmental, and psychological forces in altering healthy eating habits. Reoccurring themes centered on four areas: (a) the definition of health as a mind, body, and spiritual construct; (b) conceptualizations of cultural norms regarding healthy foods versus unhealthy foods; (c) the importance of eating and social rituals on food choices; and (d) the impact of the environment in sustaining healthy initiatives. Structural constraints that uphold legacies of disenfranchisement, environmental injustice, and segregation influence the food choices available in low-wealth communities. These... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236234 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236233&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F6%2F785%3Frss%3D1 Sixty years ago, on October 22, 1949, a small group of dedicated health educators made a commitment to innovation by founding what was then known as the Society of Public Health Educators. Since that time, our organization has consistently met the definition of innovation with the introduction of new ideas, methods, and devices. This presentation celebrates highlights of SOPHE’s past 60 years and explores the challenges facing our organization. It also presents the definition of the Element—the intersection of talent and passion, the point at which people are most inspired and achieve at the highest levels—as a framework for developing our talents for the future. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236233 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236233 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236232&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F6%2F783%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236232 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236231&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F6%2F773%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236231 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039309&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F753%3Frss%3D1 This study identified mediators of a Transtheoretical Model (TTM) intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among economically disadvantaged African American adolescents (N = 549). Single-and multiple-mediator models were used to determine whether pros, cons, self-efficacy, and stages of change satisfied four conclusions necessary for establishing mediation of intervention effects on youths’ dietary behavior. All four conclusions were satisfied for stages of change and pros in the single-mediator models and for stages in the multiple-mediator model. Stages mediated 31% of the intervention effect, and pros mediated 7% of the intervention effect in the single-mediator models. In the multiple-mediator model, stages accounted for 72% of the intervention effect. Findings ad... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039309 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039308&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F737%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the relationship between partnership members’ perceptions of how well leadership and management facilitated their involvement, and their satisfaction with their role and influence within the partnership. Data came from 60 individuals who participated in two waves of a quantitative process evaluation of six southern interorganizational partnerships, formed as part of a national pilot project to increase cervical and breast cancer screening rates. Results suggested that environments fostering broad partner involvement were associated with measures of member satisfaction, controlling for other partnership characteristics. Findings indicated that facilitation of member involvement deserves increased consideration from researchers and practitioners as an indicator of t... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039308 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039307&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F724%3Frss%3D1 We investigated whether the five-factor structure of the Preventive Health Model for colorectal cancer screening, developed in the United States, has validity in Australia. We also tested extending the model with the addition of the factor Self-Efficacy to Screen using Fecal Occult Blood Test (SESFOBT). Randomly selected men and women aged between 50 and 76 years (n = 414) responded to a survey. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the U.S. model provided adequate fit for the group as a whole and for men and women separately, thereby demonstrating cross-cultural validity for measuring factors influencing the decision to screen. The inclusion of SESFOBT in the model resulted in a comparable, but less parsimonious, fit. However, self-efficacy is a demonstrated mediator of intention an... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039307 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039306&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F709%3Frss%3D1 This investigation used meta-analytic techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based prevention programming in reducing cannabis use among youth aged 12 to 19. It summarized the results from 15 studies published in peer-reviewed journals since 1999 and identified features that influenced program effectiveness. The results from the set of 15 studies indicated that these school-based programs had a positive impact on reducing students’ cannabis use (d = 0.58, CI: 0.55, 0.62) compared to control conditions. Findings revealed that programs incorporating elements of several prevention models were significantly more effective than were those based on only a social influence model. Programs that were longer in duration (≥15 sessions) and facilitated by individuals other than te... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039306 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039305&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F694%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the effects of social integration on behavioral change in the course of an intensive, community-based public health intervention. The intervention trained volunteers and mobilized local organizations to promote 16 key family health practices in rural San Luis, Honduras, during 2004 to 2006. A mixed methods approach is used. Standard household sample surveys were performed in 22 villages before and after the intervention. Eight villages were then resurveyed. A household survey, focus groups, and key informant interviews measured health behaviors and several social structural and psychosocial variables. The villages were then ranked on their mean behavioral and social integration scores. The quantitative and qualitative rankings were in close agreement (Kendall’s co... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039305 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039304&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F680%3Frss%3D1 African Americans bear a disproportionate health burden from smoking but are less likely than other populations to engage in cessation treatment. Intervening on adult nonsmokers residing with a smoker might represent an innovative approach to motivate smokers to engage in smoking behavior change. Twelve focus groups were conducted with African American smokers (four groups, n = 27), nonsmokers (four groups, n = 26) and pairs of cohabitating smokers and nonsmokers (four groups, n = 22) to assess attitudes and/or beliefs regarding engaging a nonsmoker in the home in smoking behavior change efforts. Participants ( N = 75) were middle-aged (45.1 ±3.7 years) females (68.0%) with 11.8 ±1.5 years of education. Smokers smoked 14.9 ±11.3 cigarettes per day, made 3.0 ±4.4... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039304 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039303&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F665%3Frss%3D1 Interest in partnering with faith-based organizations (FBOs) to address health disparities has grown in recent years. Yet relatively little is known about these types of partnerships. As part of an evaluation of the Institute for Faith and Public Health Collaborations, representatives of 34 faith—health teams (n = 61) completed semi-structured interviews. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed, and coded by two members of the evaluation team to identify themes. Major facilitators to faith—health collaborative work were passion and commitment, importance of FBOs in communities, favorable political climate, support from community and faith leaders, diversity of teams, and mutual trust and respect. Barriers unique to faith and health collaboration included discomfort with FBOs... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039303 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039302&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F645%3Frss%3D1 This article attempts to identify potential challenges of capacity building in multistakeholder health alliances. The study uses a multiple case study design to identify potential challenges and trade-offs associated with capacity building in four community health alliances in the United States. Multiple challenges were found to be common across the four alliances, including specifying appropriate governance structures and decision-making frameworks, aligning stakeholder interests with the vision of the alliance, balancing short-term objectives with long-term goals, and securing resources to sustain the effort without compromising it. These challenges often involved trade-offs and choices that alliances need to prepare for if they are to approach capacity building in a planful rather than ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039302 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039301&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F5%2F621%3Frss%3D1 Social support from parents serves as one of the primary influences of youth physical activity—related behaviors. A systematic review was conducted on the relationship of parental social support to the physical activity—related behaviors of youth. Four categories of social support were identified, falling under two distinct mechanisms—tangible and intangible. Tangible social support is divided into two categories: instrumental—purchasing equipment/payment of fees and transportation—and conditional—doing activity with and watching/supervision. Intangible social support is divided into the two categories of motivational— encouragement and praise—and informational—discussing benefits of. The majority of studies demonstrated positive associ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039301 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039300&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F5%2F617%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039300 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 19:31:26 +0100 4039300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860944&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F593%3Frss%3D1 The behavioral processes of weight reduction are poorly understood, and responses to treatments based primarily on caloric restriction have been unfavorable. A theory-based path derived from proposed relations of physical activity, changes in psychological factors, and weight loss was separately tested with women with Class I and Class II obesity (body mass index [BMI] from 30 to 39.9 kg/m2; n = 116), and Class III (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2; n = 57) obesity. Participation in a cognitive-behavioral exercise support treatment along with nutrition education was significantly associated with changes in measures of self-efficacy, body satisfaction, and mood. Changes did not significantly differ by BMI group. Multiple regression analyses indicated that changes in the psychological factors explained 1... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860944 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:12 +0100 3860944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860943&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F580%3Frss%3D1 Much has been published in the health care literature describing partnerships between academic institutions and community or health care agencies that are designed to improve health outcomes in medically underserved populations. However, little has been published regarding partnerships between minority- and majority-serving academic institutions with this same aim. Key principles of collaborative partnerships are used in a descriptive analysis of the development, functions, and benefits of such an interinstitutional academic partnership that was formed to reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities in rural South Carolina. Lessons learned from the partnership parallel other human relationships where mutual respect and trust, open and clear communication, and shared decision and prob... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860943 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860942&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F568%3Frss%3D1 We assessed the contraceptive needs of women in jails and their sexually transmitted disease (STD) history and risk to determine effective contraceptive methods for this population. A survey of demographics, sexual health, contraceptive use, and preferred method of contraception was completed by participants recruited at jails in a medium-sized metropolitan area. Results from 188 women indicated high rates of STDs, inconsistent contraceptive use, and use of unreliable and user-dependent contraception methods. Intended contraceptive use following release varied depending on women’s ability to bear children. Women planning to use condoms after release were more likely to have had an STD and more sexual partners than were women not planning to use condoms. Racial differences were found ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860942 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860941&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F547%3Frss%3D1 This research analyzes motivations expressed by young, healthy, sedentary women before and after an exercise intervention. Young women (aged 18-30, n = 39) participated in focus groups or interviews during a 4-month exercise intervention. Afterward, 22 of these women and 20 controls completed physical activity diaries for 6 months and were interviewed. For the majority of women (n = 24), obligation to the study prevailed as the motivator during the intervention. Some ( n = 15) became physically active for their own benefit. Afterward, exercisers and controls said they were physically active to feel better and/or healthy (n = 20), for body image and/ or weight loss (n = 20), or both. Women expressed motivations for physical activity in ways that resonated with self-determination theory. The... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860941 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860940&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F533%3Frss%3D1 Health education interventions can be tailored toward stages of change. This strategy is based on theories that predict at which stage which variables are indicative of subsequent behavior change processes. For example, planning is regarded as being effective in intenders. However, rather few studies have tested whether matched interventions are more successful for stage transitions than mismatched ones. Also very few previous studies have identified specific variables as targets of stage-matched interventions. A 2 (condition) x 2 (stages) experimental study tested the effects of stage-matched interventions for 226 participants. The stage-matched intervention moved significantly more individuals forward to action than did the control condition. Stage-specific effects were found to corrobor... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860940 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860939&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F504%3Frss%3D1 Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for HIV and viral hepatitis, and risky injection behavior persists despite decades of intervention. Cognitive behavioral theories (CBTs) are commonly used to help understand risky injection behavior. The authors review findings from CBT-based studies of injection risk behavior among IDUs. An extensive literature search was conducted in spring 2007. In total, 33 studies were reviewed— 26 epidemiological and 7 intervention studies. Findings suggest that some theoretical constructs have received fairly consistent support (e.g., self-efficacy, social norms), whereas others have yielded inconsistent or null results (e.g., perceived susceptibility, knowledge, behavioral intentions, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, response efficacy, perceived ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860939 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860938&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F490%3Frss%3D1 This study provides information about the public’s familiarity with cancer prevention strategies and examines the association between this familiarity and actual prevention behavior. Data from interviews with 5,589 adults included in the 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) were analyzed. Most respondents were able to cite one or two strategies for reducing the chances of cancer. On average, the fewest number of strategies were cited by Hispanics, respondents aged 65 years or older, and those with the lowest levels of education and income. Avoiding tobacco and eating a healthy diet were most commonly cited. People who cited the following strategies for preventing cancer were more likely to practice them: eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860938 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860937&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F479%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluated a mail and telephone intervention to improve breast health behaviors while maintaining quality of life. Women recruited from the general public were randomized to a stepped-intensity intervention consisting of mailings, telephone calls, and counseling (if requested or appropriate given a woman’s genetic risk for breast cancer) or to a delayed treatment control group. Outcomes (mammography screening and quality of life) were measured at baseline in a telephone survey and again at a 12-month follow-up period. Women in the intervention group significantly increased screening mammography uptake by 12% and quality of life by 5.3 scale points compared to control participants. Changes in knowledge of breast cancer, genetic testing, and cancer worry all significantly pre... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860937 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860936&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F4%2F465%3Frss%3D1 Children’s self-efficacy for fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and proxy efficacy to influence others to make fruit and vegetables (FV) available may influence their FVC. A previous investigation has demonstrated that self-efficacy for fruit consumption, self-efficacy for vegetable consumption, proxy efficacy to influence parents to make FV available, and proxy efficacy to influence after-school staff to make FV available can be measured with four independent but related scales. The purpose of the present investigation is to confirm this factor structure and determine if the scales were invariant across gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups of children attending after-school programs. Results provide further validity evidence for the four correlated scales. ... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860936 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3860935&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F4%2F461%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3860935 Thu, 12 Aug 2010 17:34:11 +0100 3860935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588345&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F424%3Frss%3D1 Although a growing number of projects have been implemented using the community-based participatory research method known as photovoice, no known systematic review of the literature on this approach has been conducted to date. This review draws on the peer-reviewed literature on photovoice in public health and related disciplines conducted before January 2008 to determine (a) what defines the photovoice process, (b) the outcomes associated with photovoice, and (c) how the level of community participation is related to photovoice processes and outcomes. In all, 37 unduplicated articles were identified and reviewed using a descriptive coding scheme and Viswanathan et al.’s quality of participation tool. Findings reveal no relationship between group size and quality of participation but... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588345 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588344&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F403%3Frss%3D1 A physical activity intervention applied principles of community-based participatory research, the community-based prevention marketing framework, and social cognitive theory. A nonrandomized design included women ages 35 to 54 in the southeastern United States. Women (n = 430 preprogram, n = 217 postprogram) enrolled in a 24-week behavioral intervention and were exposed to a media campaign. They were compared to cross-sectional survey samples at pre- (n = 245) and postprogram (n = 820) from the media exposed county and a no-intervention county (n = 234 pre, n = 822 post). Women in the behavioral intervention had statistically significant positive changes on physical activity minutes, walking, park and trail use, knowledge of mapped routes and exercise partner, and negative change on exerc... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588344 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588343&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F390%3Frss%3D1 Obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases are more prevalent in low-income urban areas, which commonly have limited access to healthy foods. The authors implemented an intervention trial in nine food stores, including two supermarkets and seven corner stores, in a low-income, predominantly African American area of Baltimore City, with a comparison group of eight stores in another low-income area of the city. The intervention (Baltimore Healthy Stores; BHS) included an environmental component to increase stocks of more nutritious foods and provided point-of-purchase promotions including signage for healthy choices and interactive nutrition education sessions. Using pre- and postassessments, the authors evaluated the impact of the program on 84 respondents sampled from the intervention... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588343 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588342&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F377%3Frss%3D1 Using a quasiexperimental design, the authors examine whether fourth- and fifth-grade students exposed to a developmental physical education (PE) curriculum, Michigan’s Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum (EPEC), demonstrated stronger motor skill—specific self-efficacy and perceptions of physical activity competence, physical activity levels, motor skills, and physical fitness than did students exposed to existing PE curricula. The authors conducted a multilevel regression analysis with data from 1,464 students in the fourth and fifth grades. Data were collected using a student survey, an activity checklist, and motor and fitness assessments. Compared to students receiving standard PE, students exposed to EPEC showed significantly stronger results in motor skills but not fi... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588342 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588341&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F357%3Frss%3D1 This article represents a replication and extension of previous studies of the effects of Project ALERT, a school-based substance use prevention program, on the prodrug beliefs of adolescents. Specifically, the authors’ research examined Project ALERT’s effects on adolescents’ intentions to use substances in the future, beliefs about substance use consequences, normative beliefs, and resistance self-efficacy. In all, 34 schools with Grades 6 to 8 completed this randomized controlled trial and 71 Project ALERT instructors taught 11 core lessons to 6th graders and 3 booster lessons to 7th graders (one grade level earlier than in previous studies). Students were assessed in 6th grade prior to the onset of the intervention, in 7th grade after the completion of the 2-year curr... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588341 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588340&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F343%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates how the relationship between youth assets or resources and two sexual risk behaviors (ever had sex and birth control use) varied by gender. Data were collected through in-home interviews from parent—adolescent dyads, including 1,219 females and 1,116 males. Important differences exist between male and female adolescents. Females with the nonparental role models or the family communication resource were more likely to report never having had sexual intercourse than were females without the resources. Among males, the aspirations for the future and responsible choices assets were associated with never having had sexual intercourse. Males and females had two assets or resources in common that were protective of never having had sex: peer role models and use of ti... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588340 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588339&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F330%3Frss%3D1 This study examines adolescents’ caffeine use and, using cluster analysis, identifies three groups of caffeine users who differed in their reasons for use, expectancies, and sleep behaviors. In this high school student sample (N = 197), 95% of participants reported recent caffeine use—most often soda—where typical first use of the day was in the evening. Results reveal that adolescents in the mixed use and high soda use groups consumed similar amounts of soda, reporting significantly more use than the low caffeine use group. In contrast with high soda users, mixed users drank more coffee, expected more dependence symptoms and energy enhancement from caffeine, and were more likely to report getting up early, daytime sleepiness, and using caffeine to get through the day. (S... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588339 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588338&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F3%2F318%3Frss%3D1 The present study explores the validity of a recent stages of change (SoC) measure and algorithm among a sample of late adolescents. MANOVA and structural equation modeling are used to assess the relationship between five SoC groups (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance) and a set of dependent measures including physical activity level, physical activity motivation, physical self-concept, and flow. Findings are based on 705 Australian adolescents, using scale score and latent variable approaches, provided support for the construct validity of the SoC measure and algorithm. Specifically, findings reveal that participants in the upper SoC (action and maintenance) score significantly higher on positively geared dimensions (e.g., physical self-concept, flow, et... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588338 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:28 +0100 3588338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3588337&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F3%2F313%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3588337 Fri, 21 May 2010 19:18:27 +0100 3588337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541373&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F288%3Frss%3D1 The objective is to present a comparative analysis examining the alcohol industry’s and scholarly researchers’ use of the concept "responsible drinking." Electronic databases associated with health, education, sociology, psychology, and medicine were the date sources. Results were limited to English, peer-reviewed articles and commentaries specifically addressing "responsible drinking." Search descriptors included responsible, responsibility, drinking, alcohol, brewer, and campaign. Eighteen articles constituted the final sample. The matrix method was utilized to organize and abstract pertinent information. Misunderstanding stemming from the inconsistency and counterintuitive nature of brewer-sponsored "responsible drinking" campaigns is further compounded by researchers’... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541373 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541372&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F275%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the relationship between their satisfaction and burden toward their activities and social support. A mail-in self-check questionnaire survey was distributed to 604 HPVs in Japan in September 2005. Multiple regression analysis showed that high "activity attachment" was associated with more support from family, colleagues, and public health nurses; high "personal benefit" was associated with more support from colleagues and public health nurses. It was also found that low "burden on everyday life" was associated with more support from family and colleagues and that low "psychological burden" was associated with more support from colleagues and community members. It became clear that social support from various sources was positively related to HPVs’ satisfaction and... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541372 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541371&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F264%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of Project ACTS: About Choices in Transplantation and Sharing, which was developed to increase readiness for organ and tissue donation among African American adults. Nine churches (N = 425 participants) were randomly assigned to receive donation education materials currently available to consumers (control group) or Project ACTS educational materials (intervention group). The primary outcomes assessed at 1-year follow-up were readiness to express donation intentions via one’s driver’s license, donor card, and discussion with family. Results indicate a significant interaction between condition and time on readiness to talk to family such that participants in the intervention group were 1.64 times more likely to be in action or main... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541371 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541370&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F243%3Frss%3D1 A growing body of research has investigated the effectiveness of abstinence-only sexual education. There remains a dearth of research on the relevant sexual health information available to young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Drawing on a mixed-methods study with 526 YMSM, this study explores how and where YMSM receive relevant information on sexual health/behavior. Findings indicate that information related to gay men’s sexuality is not readily available from family, friends, or schools. At initiation of anal intercourse, respondents generally had limited information about HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In some cases, this resulted in the perception that activities such as unprotected sex were "low risk." Many mentioned they first learned about anal sex during th... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541370 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541369&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F227%3Frss%3D1 This article highlights beliefs, attitudes, and barriers that are associated with mammography use in four distinct cultural and ethnic groups in Israel: veteran, ultra-orthodox, and immigrant Jewish and Arab women. A random telephone survey of 1,550 women was performed. Information from claims records concerning mammography use was obtained for each woman from Maccabi Health Services. Of the barriers studied, no one barrier was associated with mammography performance in all population groups. However, the combined measure was associated with mammography use in all groups. Subjective norms, fatalism, fear of breast cancer, and perceived effectiveness were associated with mammography in some of the population groups but not in others. Each population seems to have a unique set of variables p... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541369 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541368&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F211%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the shifts in food practices that are taking place through an exploration of the day-to-day cooking practices of a group of young, low-income women in Montreal and considers how these contribute to health problems such as obesity and nutritional deficiencies in addition to health inequalities within populations. The participatory study uses data from five focus groups with a total of 22 participants to contribute to our understanding of how social and physical food environments (the "foodscape") shape daily food and cooking practices. Aspects of these environments that were discussed include household roles and responsibilities that require complex management, personal food choice and skill, as well as health, learning, and access to food. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541368 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541367&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F193%3Frss%3D1 This study reports on six focus groups ( n = 42) conducted in 2007 with South Africans aged 18 to 24 years. A deductive framework approach is used to identify key motivators and barriers to future HIV vaccine uptake. Participants identify HIV testing, HIV stigma, mistrust of the health care system, and concerns about sexual disinhibition as barriers to vaccine uptake. For women, family members and friends are strong motivators for vaccine uptake, whereas men are more likely to see vaccines as an opportunity to stop using HIV prevention strategies such as condoms and partner reduction. Implications of these findings for developing HIV vaccine dissemination strategies and policy in South Africa are discussed. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541367 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541366&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F186%3Frss%3D1 Overweight is increasing in children, leading to negative health consequences. Children also lack appropriate levels of important vitamins and nutrients in their diets. Environmental cues, such as food proximity, have been shown to influence consumption rates in adults. The present study has tested whether proximity to either a nutrient-dense or caloric-dense food would influence children’s snack consumption in a day care setting. Children (N = 46, age range 3.4-11) consumed more of both nutrient- and energy-dense foods when they are sitting closer to the food than if they are sitting farther away from the food, above and beyond the effects of age. The data indicate that it may be possible to increase the consumption of nutrient-dense foods or decrease the consumption of energy-dense... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541366 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:32 +0100 3541366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541365&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F2%2F170%3Frss%3D1 Cross-sectional studies show that self-efficacy (SE) serves as a partial mediator of the effect that perceptions of workplace environment have on self-reported workplace physical activity (PA). To further explore the role SE plays in the relationship between perceptions of the workplace environment and workplace PA, cross-sectional mediation analyses were performed on adult employees at baseline (n = 897), 6 months (n = 616), and 12 months (n = 612); a longitudinal time-sequence was incorporated into the mediation model; and correlates of residual change version of the mediation were tested. The R 2 ranged from .05 to .08 for the three cross-sectional analyses, .03 for the longitudinal analyses, and from .02 to .03 for the residual analyses. The results from the residual change mode... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541365 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:31 +0100 3541365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3541364&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F2%2F165%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3541364 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:20:31 +0100 3541364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238587&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F1%2F154%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238587 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238586&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F1%2F151%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238586 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238585&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F133%3Frss%3D1 Adolescents and young adults with Marfan syndrome (MFS) use information from self-surveillance to manage their disorder. Thirty-seven male and female adolescents with MFS aged 14 to 21 years were interviewed. They identified 58 distinct self-surveillance behaviors that fell into four categories and multiple subcategories (SCs): tracking phenotype (SCs: physical appearance, physical fitness, medical problems, and other observations); tracking medical care (SCs: medical evaluations and treatments, and pharmacotherapy); tracking behavior (SCs: personal choices and social relations); and tracking emotions (SCs: positive emotional impact and negative emotional impact). The frequency and range of self-monitoring increased with the age of the child. On average, a child of 14 self-monitored from 1... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238585 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238584&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F115%3Frss%3D1 There is an urgent need for continued innovation in the design of HIV/STI prevention interventions for African American females, a group at high risk for STIs and HIV. In particular, attention to social development and to culture is needed. The present study reports on a group randomized controlled trial of a friendship-based HIV/STI prevention intervention delivered at community-based centers in four San Francisco neighborhoods (n = 2, experimental; n = 2, control). This brief program focuses on youth and their friendship group (N = 264). Program outcomes vary by age at 3-month follow-up, evidencing decreases in risky sex in the oldest group (p ≤ .05), decreases in multiple partners in the middle age group (p ≤ .05), and increases in HIV testing in the youngest group (p = .05). Find... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238584 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238583&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F97%3Frss%3D1 Ecodevelopmental theory is a theoretical framework used to explain the interplay among risk and protective processes associated with HIV risk behaviors among adolescents. Although ecodevelopmentally based interventions have been found to be efficacious in preventing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic youth, this theory has not yet been directly empirically tested through a basic research study in this population. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to empirically evaluate an ecodevelopmentally based model using structural equation modeling, with substance use and early sex initiation as the two outcomes of the ecodevelopmental chain of relationships. The sample consisted of 586 Hispanic youth (M age = 13.6; SD = 0.75) and their primary caregivers living in Miami, Florida. Adolesce... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238583 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238582&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F84%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluates the HPM as a means to predict PA in a sample of Iranian adolescent boys. Participants were 515 boys from 100 junior high and high schools in Sanandaj, Iran. Participants’ mean age was 14.33 years (SD = 1.6, range = 12-17). Participants completed questions assessing social cognitive variables, and structural equation modeling was used to fit the data to the HPM. The HPM accounted for 37% of the variance in PA but did not represent a good data fit (2 = 913.85, df = 473, p < .001). There were significant pathways between PA and self-efficacy (β = .25, p < .001), enjoyment (β = .22, p < .01), and PA modeling (β = —.13, p < .05). A revised model that included the indirect effects of competing demands explained 34% of the variance in PA... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238582 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238581&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 Adolescent females under Child Protective Services care in Quebec, Canada (n = 328) completed a questionnaire designed to explore associations between prior victimization (childhood sexual abuse and four forms of dating violence) and four dimensions of sexual and contraceptive self-efficacy. Five MANCOVAs were performed. In each model, a victimization index served as the independent variable, four Contraceptive Self-Efficacy subscales as dependant variables, and age, age at first sexual intercourse, and lifetime number of sexual partners as covariates. Childhood sexual abuse was negatively associated with adolescent’s perceived ability to communicate about her sexuality and contraceptive practices. Sexual coercion in dating relationships was negatively associated with the adolescent&... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238581 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238580&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F51%3Frss%3D1 This study tested a structural equation model to estimate the relationship between health behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and self-esteem and the academic achievement of adolescents. The authors analyzed survey data from the 2000 study of Youth in Iceland , a population-based, cross-sectional sample of 6,346 adolescents in Iceland. The model demonstrated good fit with chi-square of 2685 (n = 5,810, df = 180), p < .001, Comparative Fit Index value of .94, and a root mean square error of approximation of .049. Lower BMI, physical activity, and good dietary habits were all associated with higher academic achievement; however, health behavior was positively and robustly associated with greater self-esteem. Self-esteem was positively influenced both through physical activity (β = .16)... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238580 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238579&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F37%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the effectiveness of an adapted 4-session HIV prevention program. Participants included 490 adolescents who participated in either the 8- or the adapted 4-session HIVEd program. Analyses to identify mean changes in HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions between participants in either the 4- (n = 274) or 8-session (n = 216) programs were completed. Findings indicate participants in both programs had positive changes at post interview across all study outcomes. No significant differences in changes between participants in the 4- and 8-session programs were found except that male adolescents in the 4-session program had significantly higher mean changes in condom knowledge (p < .01). The adaptation of the 8-session HIVEd program was u... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238579 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238578&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F23%3Frss%3D1 Although seatbelts save lives, adolescents may be disproportionately likely to omit their use. Using data from the 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a national survey of more than 16,000 U.S. public and private high school students, the authors employed a series of logistic regression analyses to examine cross-sectional associations between past year athletic participation and regular seatbelt omission. Controlling for the effects of gender, age, race, parental education, and school urbanicity, student athletes were significantly less likely than nonathletes to report seatbelt omission. Separate gender-specific analyses showed that this effect was significant for girls but only marginally significant for boys; in addition, the effect was strongest for adolescents who participated on three o... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238578 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238577&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F37%2F1%2F11%3Frss%3D1 In an effort to decrease the suicide rate in adolescents, many interventions have focused on school-based suicide prevention programs. Alternatively, depression education in schools might be effective in decreasing the morbidity, mortality, and stigma associated with adolescent depression. The Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP) developed a 3-hour curriculum to teach high school students about the illness of depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the ADAP curriculum in improving high school students’ knowledge about depression. From 2001 to 2005, 3,538 students were surveyed on their knowledge about depression before and after exposure to the ADAP curriculum. The number of students scoring 80% or higher on the assessment tool more than tri... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238577 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3238576&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F37%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3238576 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 01:41:32 +0100 3238576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987931&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1095%3Frss%3D1 This article describes how some of these grantees accomplished noteworthy goals, including the passage of the California Comprehensive Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention Education Act (SB71), the prevention of the state’s pursuit of federal "abstinence-only-until-marriage" funding, and the passage of a local school district FLE policy. Grantee progress is presented through a five-stage policy change framework: Institutional Capacity and Leadership Building, Policy Issue Recognition, Policy Prioritization, Policy Adoption, and Policy Maintenance. Implications are shared for advocates, policy makers, and funders who are developing initiatives aimed at improving the health of adolescents. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987931 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987930&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1082%3Frss%3D1 This study uses segmentation analyses to identify five distinct subgroups of U.S. midlife women (n = 200) based on their prevailing attitudes toward food and its preparation and consumption. Mean age of the women is 46 years and they are mostly White (86%), highly educated, and employed. Attitude segments (clusters of women sharing similar attitudes) are a significant predictor of obesity indicators. Mean body mass index and percentage of body fat are lower for the "concerned about nutrition" attitude segment compared with the "guiltridden dieter" and "impulsive eater" attitude segments. Mean waist circumference is highest in "impulsive eater" compared with the "concerned about nutrition" segment. Those in the "busy cooking avoider" segment have a significantly higher energy intake compare... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987930 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987929&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1065%3Frss%3D1 This article proposes six critical functions of health numeracy. These functions are integrated into a theoretical framework on health numeracy that has implications for risk communication and medical decision-making processes. The authors examine practical underpinnings for targeted interventions aimed at improving such processes as a function of health numeracy. They hope that the proposed functions and theoretical framework will spur more research to determine how an understanding of health numeracy can lead to more effective communication and decision outcomes. (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987929 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987928&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1051%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the equivalency testing results of a 12-week behavior change program on targeted determinates of physical activity (PA) and self-reported health status. Participants (n = 192) were randomized to face-to-face, combined Internet and face-to-face, and Internet-only groups. Equivalency testing was used to examine differences and statistical equivalency across groups for all outcome measures (social support, self-efficacy, perceived health status, and motivational readiness for PA). Participants were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 2 and 5 months postintervention. Motivational readiness for PA increased across all groups. The face-to-face and combined groups showed changes in social support; however, they were not statistically different and were equivalent. T... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987928 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987927&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1026%3Frss%3D1 This article follows a conceptual article published in this journal by Elliott et al. and provides an empirical evaluation of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative—Dissemination Phase. Between 1994 and 2005, seven provincial research teams of the Canadian Heart Health Initiative—Dissemination Phase undertook projects to disseminate and evaluate the uptake of evidence-based chronic disease prevention strategies in their respective health systems. In this study, the authors draw from document and stakeholder interview analyses to assess the influence of strategic decisions about dissemination objects, targets, activities, and relationships between knowledge producers and users on the outcomes of chronic disease prevention programming. The findings show that successful disseminatio... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987927 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987926&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F1012%3Frss%3D1 This study examines whether and how culture views and language ability influence mammography adherence in this mostly immigrant population. Asymptomatic Chinese American women (n = 466) aged 50 and older, recruited from the Washington, D.C. area, completed a telephone interview. Regular mammography was defined as having two mammograms at age-appropriate recommended intervals. Cultural views were assessed by 30 items, and language ability measured women’s ability in reading, writing, speaking, and listening to English. After controlling for risk perception, worry, physician recommendation, family encouragement, and access barriers, women holding a more Chinese/Eastern cultural view were significantly less likely to have had regular mammograms than those having a Western cultural view.... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987926 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987925&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F999%3Frss%3D1 Removing low nutrition snacks from schools is controversial. Although the objective is to decrease the consumption of these foods at school, some critics argue that children will compensate by eating more of these foods at home. Others worry that school-based obesity prevention programs will increase student preoccupation with weight. The present study examines these concerns. Three middle schools replaced snacks and beverages that did not meet nutrition guidelines, whereas three comparison schools made no systematic changes. Students were surveyed about dietary intake and weight concerns before and after implementation of the intervention. Findings indicate that removing low nutrition items from schools decreased students’ consumption with no compensatory increase at home. Furthermo... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987925 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987924&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F6%2F979%3Frss%3D1 Accurately measuring exposure is critical to all intervention studies. The present review examines the extent to which best practices in exposure assessment are adhered to in community-based prevention and education studies. A systematic literature review was conducted examining community-based studies testing communication interventions, published in 2003-2007. Of 663 studies identified, 54 met all inclusion criteria and were reviewed for type of exposure assessment conducted (if any), use of exposure data in study analyses, and discussion of biases related to exposure assessment. Although a majority of studies (n = 38; 70%) assessed exposure, most of these used only a simple dichotomous measure (n = 31; 82%), less than half used exposure data to adjust intervention effects (n = 16; 42%),... Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987924 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987923&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F36%2F6%2F973%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987923 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:50:42 +0100 2987923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2987946&cid=s_31277_51_f&fid=31277&url=http%3A%2F%2Fheb.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F36%2F5_suppl%2F172S%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Health Education) Health Education journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2987946 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:30:54 +0100 2987946