MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Health Physics' source. Mon, 06 Feb 2012 20:24:46 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637761&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Michel R PMID: 22249467 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637761 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:07:00 +0100 5637761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637760&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249468%26dopt%3DAbstract RACER: Dynamic Use of Environmental Measurement Data for Decision Making and Communication. Health Phys. 2012 Feb;102 Suppl 1:S13-21 Authors: Mohler HJ, Grogan HA, Rocco JR, Kiefer RF, Till JE Abstract ABSTRACT:: To facilitate access to and use of environmental measurement data, Risk Assessment Corporation has developed a data management system as part of its Risk Analysis, Communication, Evaluation, and Reduction process. The concepts of data consistency are not new, but many data management applications are developed around managing the entire data life cycle, rather than on using the data to reach meaningful conclusions. The RACER process is specifically focused on the efficient use of available data to promote sound decision making. The RACER data management system prov... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637760 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:06:51 +0100 5637760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637759&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249469%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective is to survey an approximate 1-m swath with 100% coverage producing an equal probability of detecting contamination at any point along the swing. In reality, however, the detector height will vary slightly along the swing path, and in some cases the detector may follow a pendulum-like motion significantly reducing the detector response and increasing the minimum detectable concentration. This paper quantifies relative detector responses for fixed and variable height swing patterns and demonstrates negative impacts on the minimum detectable concentration. Minimum detectable concentrations are calculated for multiple contaminated surface areas (0.1, 1.0, 3, 10, and 30 m), multiple contaminants (Co, Cs, Am, and Ra), and two minimum heights (5 and 10 cm). Exposure rate estimates u... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637759 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:06:41 +0100 5637759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637758&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barish RJ Abstract ABSTRACT:: It seems obvious that if a significant increase in occupancy occurs in the immediate vicinity of any radiation room a reexamination of the adequacy of the shielding should be performed. We discuss a facility where a new building was constructed in close proximity to an existing medical linear accelerator and no consideration was given to the consequences of that construction as it might impact the doses received by occupants of the new structure. For more than 10 years some areas in that building may have received exposures greater than the allowed regulatory limit. The situation reported here should serve as a cautionary tale for those who have the responsibility for providing radiation protection at any site where new construction or increas... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637758 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:06:31 +0100 5637758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637757&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Westcott E, Broadhurst A, Crossley S, Lee L, Phan X, Scharli R, Xu Y Abstract ABSTRACT:: A floor-washing robot has been acquired to assist physicists with decontamination of radioiodine therapy ward rooms after discharge of the patient at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. The effectiveness of the robot in decontaminating the ward has been evaluated. A controlled experiment was performed by deliberately contaminating a polyvinyl chloride flooring offcut with I followed by automated decontamination with the robot. The extent of fixed and removable contamination was assessed before and after decontamination by two methods: (1) direct Geiger-Mueller counting and (2) beta-counting wipe tests. Surface contamination was also assessed in situ on the ward by Geiger-Mueller counting an... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637757 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:06:21 +0100 5637757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5637756&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22249472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brady SL, Yoshizumi TT, Anderson-Evans C, Nguyen G Abstract ABSTRACT:: To enable accurate and reproducible dosimetry for biological sample irradiation in a Cs irradiator, routine quality assurance of the dose rate and isodose distributions should be considered. Our previous work demonstrated a means for accurate dose rate quality assurance and for quality assurance of isodose distributions of non-rotational samples. This work presents a means to accurately and cost effectively measure dose distributions within a Cs irradiator using rotational geometry, which geometry represent a more typical use of these irradiators. A simple apparatus was developed to hold radiochromic film and was constructed of polymethyl methacrylate. The rotational quality assurance device allowed the... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5637756 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 07:06:12 +0100 5637756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577305&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217584%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farah C, Beard K, Hess CT, Hock JM Abstract ABSTRACT-: Prolonged radon exposure has been linked to lung cancer. Cancer registry data indicates excess risk for age-adjusted lung cancer in Maine. Maine's mean residential radon activity exceeds the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL). This paper describes the application of spatial autocorrelation methods to retrospective data as a means of analyzing radon activity in Maine. Retrospective air and well water radon activity data, sampled throughout Maine between 1993 and 2008, are standardized and geocoded for analysis. Three spatial autocorrelation algorithms-local Getis-Ord, local Moran, and spatial scan statistic-are used to identify spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal radon activity clusters and/or outliers. Spatial clust... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577305 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:54 +0100 5577305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577304&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217585%26dopt%3DAbstract This study modified a previously used rodent model in order to determine the biokinetics of intramuscularly implanted nonradioactive surrogate RDD material. Cobalt, iridium, or strontium titanate was embedded into the gastrocnemius muscle of Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were euthanized at 1, 3, or 6 mo post-implantation. Tissue metal analysis showed that iridium did not solubilize from the implanted pellet, while cobalt and strontium did so rapidly. Cobalt was found in all tissues analyzed, but it was localized mainly to kidney and liver as well as being excreted in the urine. Strontium was found in lung, liver, and spleen, as well as being deposited in bone. However, the greatest strontium concentrations were found in the popliteal lymph nodes, the lymph nodes responsible for draining th... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577304 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:44 +0100 5577304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577303&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gray JE, Bailey ED, Ludlow JB Abstract A handheld portable dental intraoral x-ray system is available in the United States and elsewhere. The system is designed to minimize the user's radiation dose. It includes specially designed shielding of the x-ray tube housing and an integral radiation shield to minimize backscatter. Personnel radiation dose records were obtained from 18 dental facilities using both the handheld system and a wall mounted dental x-ray system, providing 661 individual dose measurements. Dental staff doses were also compared for the handheld and conventional systems using both film and digital imaging for the same facilities and staff members. The results indicate that the doses for the handheld systems are significantly less than for wall-mounted syste... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577303 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:34 +0100 5577303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577302&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217587%26dopt%3DAbstract This study demonstrated that QuickScan is statistically similar to conventional DCA analysis and is capable of producing dose estimates as low as 0.1 Gy but up to six times faster. Therefore, DCA QuickScan analysis can be used as a sensitive and accurate method for scoring samples for radiological biodosimetry in mass casualty situations or where faster dose assessment is required. PMID: 22217587 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577302 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:24 +0100 5577302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577301&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shizuma K, Endo S, Fujikawa Y Abstract ABSTRACT-: Radiological investigations of fallout from the atomic bomb detonated over Hiroshima city on 6 August 1945 are important to estimate doses for inhabitants. The authors have analyzed the concentrations of Cs, U, and U in streaks of black rain caused by the atomic bomb using gamma-ray spectroscopy and the ICP-QMS method. The black rain streaks were deposited on a plaster wall of a house located 3.7 km west of the hypocenter that has been kept in the same condition as after the rainfall. Cesium-137 (Cs) was detected from black streak samples. Concentration of Cs in the black rain streaks is twice as high as fallout deposition on the ground in this area. A U/U atom ratio of 0.00887 was found, which is higher than the natural ra... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577301 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:14 +0100 5577301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577300&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joseph W, Verloock L, Goeminne F, Vermeeren G, Martens L Abstract ABSTRACT-: In situ electromagnetic (EM) radio frequency (RF) exposure to base stations of emerging wireless technologies is assessed at 311 locations, 68 indoor and 243 outdoor, spread over 35 areas in three European countries (Belgium, The Netherlands, and Sweden) by performing narrowband spectrum analyzer measurements. The locations are selected to characterize six different environmental categories (rural, residential, urban, suburban, office, and industrial). The maximal total field value was measured in a residential environment and equal to 3.9 V m, mainly due to GSM900 signals. Exposure ratios for maximal electric field values, with respect to ICNIRP reference levels, range from 0.5% (WiMAX) to 9.3% (... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577300 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:44:03 +0100 5577300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577299&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tao Z, Akiba S, Zha Y, Sun Q, Zou J, Li J, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Tokonami S, Morishoma H, Koga T, Nakamura S, Sugahara T, Wei L Abstract ABSTRACT-: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high background radiation (HBR) on mortality. A cohort of 31,604 men and women aged 30-74 y living in the study area in Guangdong Province, China, was followed during the period 1979-1998. The information on deaths and migrations of cohort members was collected by visiting study areas every 3-4 y. Cumulative external radiation dose, lagged by 2 y for leukemia and 10 y for cancer excluding leukemia, was estimated for each individual based on hamlet-specific indoor and outdoor doses, and gender- and age-specific house occupancy factors. The follow-up study accumulated 736,942 person-yea... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577299 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:53 +0100 5577299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577298&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Osovets SV, Azizova TV, Day RD, Wald N, Moseeva MB Abstract ABSTRACT-: Mathematical methods were developed to construct dose and time distributions and their associated risks and threshold values for lethal and non-lethal effects of acute radiation exposure to include mortality and incidence, prodromal vomiting, and agranulocytosis. A new distribution (T-model) was obtained to describe time parameters of acute radiation syndrome such as the latency period, time to onset of vomiting, and time to initiation of agranulocytosis. Based on the dose and time distributions, the parameter translation method was defined using an orthogonal regression, which allows one to solve for these distributions in the case of acute radiation exposure. The assessment of threshold doses was perf... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577298 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:43 +0100 5577298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577297&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farfán EB, Stanley S, Holmes C, Lennox K, Oldham M, Clift C, Thomas A, Adamovics J Abstract ABSTRACT-: RadBall™ is a novel technology that can locate unknown radioactive hazards within contaminated areas, hot cells, and gloveboxes. The device consists of a colander-like outer tungsten collimator that houses a radiation-sensitive polymer semisphere. The collimator has a number of small holes; as a result, specific areas of the polymer are exposed to radiation, becoming increasingly more opaque in proportion to the absorbed dose. The polymer semisphere is imaged in an optical computed tomography scanner that produces a high resolution three-dimensional map of optical attenuation coefficients. A subsequent analysis of the optical attenuation data, using a reverse ray traci... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577297 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:34 +0100 5577297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577296&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217593%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the authors have applied data on contamination levels in reindeer, results of dietary surveys, and whole body monitoring data in low and high contaminated areas to estimate the effectiveness of countermeasures and resulting averted doses to the reindeer herders. In the most contaminated area, the various countermeasures applied reduced radiocesium ingestion doses during 1986-2009 by about 73%, to an integrated dose of about 17 mSv. However, to comply with the recommended Cs ingestion dose limit of 1 mSv y, the study indicates that reindeer herders in the most contaminated areas will need to carry on with their countermeasures for another 10-15 y. Furthermore, the study indicates that whole body monitoring is an important tool to assess individual doses and countermeasure eff... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577296 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:25 +0100 5577296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577295&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zanotti-Fregonara P, Koroscil TM, Mantil J, Satter M Abstract ABSTRACT-: The authors estimated the fetal radiation dose from [F]-FDG in a rare case of a woman who underwent a PET/CT scan during the second trimester of pregnancy. The patient, a 27-y-old female with a paraganglioma, received 181.3 MBq [F]-FDG. From the concentrations of radioactivity measured on the images, the time-integrated activity coefficients of the fetus and the placenta were derived. The time-integrated activity coefficients of the mother's organs were taken from the standard values of ICRP publication 106. The final fetal dose was calculated using the 6-mo pregnant model of the OLINDA/EXM software. The fetus showed an overall low and homogeneous [F]-FDG uptake, with an average concentration of 2.41 ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577295 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:15 +0100 5577295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577294&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217595%26dopt%3DAbstract The European Radiobiological Archives: Online access to data from radiobiological experiments is available now. Health Phys. 2012 Feb;102(2):220 Authors: Birschwilks M, Schofield PN, Grosche B Abstract The European Radiobiological Archive can be accessed at no cost at https://era.bfs.de. The necessary ID and password can be obtained from the curators at era@bfs.de. PMID: 22217595 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577294 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:43:06 +0100 5577294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577293&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217596%26dopt%3DAbstract Voxel2mcnp: software for handling voxel models for monte carlo radiation transport calculations. Health Phys. 2012 Feb;102(2):221-9 Authors: Hegenbart L, Pölz S, Benzler A, Urban M Abstract ABSTRACT-: Voxel2MCNP is a program that sets up radiation protection scenarios with voxel models and generates corresponding input files for the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. Its technology is based on object-oriented programming, and the development is platform-independent. It has a user-friendly graphical interface including a two- and three-dimensional viewer. A row of equipment models is implemented in the program. Various voxel model file formats are supported. Applications include calculation of counting efficiency of in vivo measurement scenarios and calculation of dose coefficients fo... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577293 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:42:57 +0100 5577293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577292&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22217597 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577292 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:42:47 +0100 5577292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577291&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217598%26dopt%3DAbstract THE HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY: An Affiliate of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA). Health Phys. 2012 Feb;102(2):240 Authors: PMID: 22217598 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577291 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:42:36 +0100 5577291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5577290&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22217599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22217599 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5577290 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 12:42:27 +0100 5577290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491605&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ryan MT PMID: 22134073 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491605 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:32:36 +0100 5491605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491604&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bevelacqua JJ Abstract The angular dependence of the absorbed dose from internal radiation-generating devices located within a tumor mass is investigated. Given the systematics of proton and heavy-ion differential scattering cross sections, candidate internal radiation-generating devices will have a relatively constant absorbed dose output beyond a critical angle. Inside this angle, the absorbed dose output is suppressed because elastic and inelastic differential cross sections are peaked in the beam direction. This peaking increases in severity as the particle energy increases and suggests internal radiation-generating devices must have a limited rotation capability to compensate for the depression in the absorbed dose for angles near the beam direction. PMID: 2213407... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491604 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:32:26 +0100 5491604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491603&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Justus AL Abstract This paper discusses various concepts involved in the counting losses of pulse-counting health physics instrumentation when used within the pulsed radiation environments of typical accelerator fields in order to preestablish appropriate limitations in use. Discussed are the "narrow" pulse and the "wide" pulse cases, the special effect of neutron moderating assemblies, and the effect of pulse fine microstructure on the counting losses of the pulse-counting instrumentation. In the narrow-pulse case, the accelerator pulse width is less than or equal to the instrument's dead time; whereas in the wide-pulse case, the accelerator pulse width is significantly longer than the instrument's dead time. Examples are provided that highlight the various concepts and l... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491603 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:32:16 +0100 5491603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491556&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134076%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Degteva MO, Shagina NB, Vorobiova MI, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA Abstract The Mayak Production Association was the first site for the production of weapons-grade plutonium in Russia. Early operations led to the waterborne release of radioactive materials into the small Techa River. Residents living downstream used river water for drinking and other purposes. The releases and subsequent flooding resulted in deposition of sediments along the shoreline and on floodplain soil. Primary routes of exposure were external dose from the deposited sediments and ingestion of Sr and other radionuclides. Study of the Techa River Cohort has revealed an increased incidence of leukemia and solid cancers. Epidemiologic studies are supported by extensive dose-reconstruction activities that have ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491556 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:32:06 +0100 5491556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491555&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rithidech KN, Lai X, Honikel L, Reungpatthanaphong P, Witzmann FA Abstract There is increasing evidence to support the hypothesis of adaptive response, a phenomenon in which protection arises from a low-dose radiation (<0.1 Gy) against damage induced by subsequent exposure to high-dose radiation. The molecular mechanisms underlying such protection are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to fill this knowledge gap. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to characterize global protein expression profiles in the medium collected from human lymphocyte cultures given sham irradiation (0 Gy) or a priming low dose of 0.03 Gy Cs γ rays 4 h prior to a challenging dose of 1 Gy Cs γ rays. Adaptive response was determined by decreased micronucleus frequencies in ly... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491555 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:57 +0100 5491555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491554&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mouradi R, Desai N, Erdemir A, Agarwal A Abstract Recent studies have shown that exposing human semen samples to cell phone radiation leads to a significant decline in sperm parameters. In daily living, a cell phone is usually kept in proximity to the groin, such as in a trouser pocket, separated from the testes by multiple layers of tissue. The aim of this study was to calculate the distance between cell phone and semen sample to set up an in vitro experiment that can mimic real life conditions (cell phone in trouser pocket separated by multiple tissue layers). For this reason, a computational model of scrotal tissues was designed by considering these separating layers, the results of which were used in a series of simulations using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491554 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:47 +0100 5491554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491553&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134079%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, composite samples of phosphate fertilizer (PF) of different physical forms (granular, G, and water soluble powder, L) were collected. The activity concentration of U in Bq kg was measured using gamma ray spectrometers, and the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and selenium in mg kg were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (ICP-OES). The main aims of this study were to evaluate PF quality according to its physical form, determine manufacturers (local, L, or imported, I), and estimate the hazardous impacts of long-term phosphate fertilization. There was significant variation in the concentration of uranium and other elements in PF samples. In order to have globally normalized data, it is highly recommended to express the conc... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491553 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:37 +0100 5491553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491552&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Petrie CM, Blue TE, Herminghuysen K Abstract ISO standard 4037 specifies that for calibrating protection level dosimeters, scattered radiation should contribute less than 5% of the exposure. In previous work, the authors reported the results of an MCNP analysis of the shadow shield technique that was performed for a calibration range with a Cs irradiator. This paper examines the energy distribution of the photons contributing to the exposure percent scatter (S%) and the detailed origin of the scatter that originates in the irradiator. In summary, it reports that: 1) the majority of S% is due to photons with energies that are significantly below the source energy, 2) a significant percentage of S% is due to photons that scatter within the source and source capsule walls, an... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491552 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:27 +0100 5491552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491551&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134081%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22134081 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491551 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:16 +0100 5491551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491550&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li C, Kramer GH Abstract This technical note reports the required sensitivities for bioassay techniques derived from a 0.1 Sv effective dose incurred in the first year following an emergency (recommended by ICRP) and those derived from a 0.25 Sv committed effective dose (recommended by NCRP) as dose thresholds for possible medical attention. During a large-scale radiological or nuclear emergency, the dose threshold chosen for medical attention may be raised, as available resources may be insufficient for conducting a sensitive contamination assessment and medical treatment of a large population exposed to radioactive contamination. PMID: 22134082 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491550 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:31:06 +0100 5491550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491549&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alrefae T Abstract A study of the U content in bottled water consumed in Kuwait was performed. The bottled water samples originated from 16 different countries. Of the 41 investigated samples, U was detected in 23 samples in which the radionuclide's activity was determined. Consequently, it was found that activity levels of all samples were several of orders of magnitude below the guidance limits. Moreover, annual effective doses were estimated for three age groups, namely adults, children, and infants. As a result, it was found that the doses received by all age groups were several of orders of magnitude below the guideline levels. Hence, consumption of bottled water sold in Kuwait is safe for the presence of U. PMID: 22134083 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Phy... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491549 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:58 +0100 5491549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491548&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Siegel JA, Stabin MG Abstract Radiation protection recommendations advanced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, and many times adopted into regulations by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, need to be based on scientifically justified assumptions and conclusions. The linear no-threshold model assigns risk to every radiation exposure above zero dose and is the current basis for setting radiation protection standards worldwide. This hypothesis is vigorously challenged by many individuals but just as vigorously defended in spite of the uncertainties surrounding health effects at low dose levels. It is clear that at radiation doses below 100 mSv, the effects, if any, are so low ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491548 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:48 +0100 5491548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491547&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22134085 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491547 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:39 +0100 5491547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491546&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134086%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22134086 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491546 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:30 +0100 5491546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491545&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22134087%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22134087 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491545 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:21 +0100 5491545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491544&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Harper KN, Zuckerman MK, Harper ML, Kingston JD, Armelagos GJ Abstract For nearly 500 years, scholars have argued about the origin and antiquity of syphilis. Did Columbus bring the disease from the New World to the Old World? Or did syphilis exist in the Old World before 1493? Here, we evaluate all 54 published reports of pre-Columbian, Old World treponemal disease using a standardized, systematic approach. The certainty of diagnosis and dating of each case is considered, and novel information pertinent to the dating of these cases, including radiocarbon dates, is presented. Among the reports, we did not find a single case of Old World treponemal disease that has both a certain diagnosis and a secure pre-Columbian date. We also demonstrate that many of the reports use nons... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491544 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:30:02 +0100 5491544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378061&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048472%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wahl L PMID: 22048472 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378061 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:09:55 +0100 5378061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378060&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Classic K PMID: 22048473 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378060 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:09:41 +0100 5378060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378059&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048474%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beck WL PMID: 22048474 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378059 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:09:27 +0100 5378059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378058&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048475%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grissom MP PMID: 22048475 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378058 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:09:15 +0100 5378058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378057&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048476%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grissom MP PMID: 22048476 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378057 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:09:02 +0100 5378057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378056&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048477%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McGrane DJ, Kessler C PMID: 22048477 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378056 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:08:49 +0100 5378056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378055&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048478%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048478 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378055 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:08:38 +0100 5378055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378054&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048479%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048479 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378054 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:08:27 +0100 5378054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378053&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048480%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048480 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378053 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:08:17 +0100 5378053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378052&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048481%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lubenau JO, Allard DJ, Dornsife WP, Vargo GJ PMID: 22048481 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378052 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:08:06 +0100 5378052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378051&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048482%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cox M PMID: 22048482 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378051 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:07:55 +0100 5378051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378050&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048483%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stansbury P PMID: 22048483 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378050 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:07:43 +0100 5378050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378049&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048484%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rao GR PMID: 22048484 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378049 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:07:31 +0100 5378049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378048&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li WB, Greiter M, Oeh U, Hoeschen C Abstract The reliability of biokinetic models is essential in internal dose assessments and radiation risk analysis for the public, occupational workers, and patients exposed to radionuclides. In this paper, a method for assessing the reliability of biokinetic models by means of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was developed. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part of the study published here, the uncertainty sources of the model parameters for zirconium (Zr), developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), were identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the biokinetic experimental measurement performed at the Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378048 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:07:20 +0100 5378048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378047&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048486%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li WB, Greiter M, Oeh U, Hoeschen C Abstract The reliability of biokinetic models is essential for the assessment of internal doses and a radiation risk analysis for the public and occupational workers exposed to radionuclides. In the present study, a method for assessing the reliability of biokinetic models by means of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis was developed. In the first part of the paper, the parameter uncertainty was analyzed for two biokinetic models of zirconium (Zr); one was reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and one was developed at the Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU). In the second part of the paper, the parameter uncertainties and distributions of the Zr biokinet... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378047 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:07:08 +0100 5378047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378046&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048487%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMillan KL, Kaye WR, Kearfott KJ Abstract The cancer risk due to chronic transuranic intakes is properly calculated using an integration over multiple years of intake of the annual effective dose rates arising each year following an intake multiplied by age-dependent risk functions for the year during which the dose is actually received. Approximate computations of risk involving sums of the products of committed effective dose and the age-dependent risk functions for each year of intake indicate the appropriateness of the committed effective dose as a surrogate quantity for risk when applied to different circumstances. The assumptions that all dose is received at the time of intake with committed effective dose and that risk is uniform over a range of ages both lead to a... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378046 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:57 +0100 5378046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378040&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048488%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rosson R, Lahr J, Kahn B Abstract Gamma-ray spectral analyses with a 5-cm × 5-cm LaBr3(Ce) detector and a NaI(Tl) detector of the same size show that the LaBr3(Ce) has much better gamma-ray peak resolution and full-energy peak counting efficiency but worse detection sensitivity. The LaBr3(Ce) detector has relatively high intrinsic radiation background due to the naturally occurring La radioisotope in lanthanum. Although this La background is entirely below the energy of 1,500 keV, additional background is in the energy region between 1,500 keV and 2,750 keV. The manufacturer attributes this radiation to alpha particles emitted by the five short-lived progeny of an Ac impurity. Comparative values for peak resolution, full-energy peak counting efficiency, and detection sens... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378040 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:45 +0100 5378040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378039&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048489%26dopt%3DAbstract This report proposed the development and application of an individual risk-based standard for releases from the repository to replace the existing one, which was based on radionuclide release limits. This in turn implied the development and application of methods to assess radiation doses to humans. Accordingly, EPRI produced a methodology for such dose assessment as part of its Total System Performance Assessment program for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site. The methodology initially addressed releases via groundwater and then releases associated with extrusive igneous events. The methodology was updated and applied over the following years to take account of regulatory developments, changes in estimates of the source term to the biosphere, peer review through international mod... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378039 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:34 +0100 5378039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378038&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048490%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maxwell RM, Anspaugh LR Abstract A complete, historical dataset is presented of radionuclide resuspension-factors. These data span six orders of magnitude in time (ranging from 0.1 to 73,000 d), encompass more than 300 individual values, and combine observations from events on three continents. These data were then used to derive improved, empirical models that can be used to predict resuspension of trace materials after their deposit on the ground. Data-fitting techniques were used to derive models of various types and an estimate of uncertainty in model prediction. Two models were found to be suitable: a power law and the modified Anspaugh et al. model, which is a double exponential. Though statistically the power-law model provides the best metrics of fit, the modified ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378038 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:23 +0100 5378038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378037&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048491%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soneru AP, Beckett MA, Weichselbaum RR, Lee RC Abstract Mediated by reactive oxygen species, the damaging effects of high-intensity ionizing irradiation on tissues are dose, frequency, oxygen concentration, and tissue property dependent. Intense ionizing irradiation exposure may cause rapid cellular necrosis by peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to membrane disruption. This leads to a loss of the transmembrane ionic gradients and a subsequent depletion of the cellular ATP store, followed by cellular generation of reactive oxygen species. When membrane disruption is extensive, acute cellular necrosis follows. Triblock copolymer surfactants, such as Poloxamer 188 (P188), are able to seal damaged rhabdomyocyte membranes, increasing post-irradiation viability. Separated r... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378037 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:12 +0100 5378037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378036&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048492%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rufo MM, Paniagua JM, Jiménez A, Antolín A Abstract The last decade has seen a rapid increase in people's exposure to electromagnetic fields. This paper reports the measurements of radiofrequency (RF) total power densities and power density spectra in 35 towns of the region of Extremadura, Spain. The spectra were taken with three antennas covering frequencies from 100 kHz to 2.2 GHz. This frequency range includes AM/FM radio broadcasting, television, and cellular telephone signals. The power density data and transmitting antenna locations were stored in a geographic information system (GIS) as an aid in analyzing and interpreting the results. The results showed the power density levels to be below the reference level guidelines for human exposure and that the power densi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378036 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:06:02 +0100 5378036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378035&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048493%26dopt%3DAbstract A NOVEL PHANTOM MODEL FOR MOUSE TUMOR DOSE ASSESSMENT UNDER MV BEAMS. Health Phys. 2011 Dec;101(6):746-753 Authors: Gossman MS, Das IJ, Sharma SC, Lopez JP, Howard CM, Claudio P Abstract In order to determine a mouse's dose accurately and prior to engaging in live mouse radiobiological research, a tissue-equivalent tumor-bearing phantom mouse was constructed and bored to accommodate detectors. Comparisons were made among four different types of radiation detectors, each inserted into the mouse phantom for radiation measurement under a 6 MV linear accelerator beam. Dose detection response from a diode, thermoluminescent dosimeters, and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors were used and compared to that of a reference pinpoint ionization chamber. A computerized ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378035 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:05:51 +0100 5378035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378034&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048494%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jargin SV Abstract The only clearly demonstrated cancer incidence increase that can be attributed to radiation from the Chernobyl accident is thyroid carcinoma in patients exposed during childhood or adolescence. Significant increases in thyroid disease were observed as soon as 4 y after the accident. The solid/follicular subtype of papillary carcinoma predominated in the early period after the accident. Morphological diagnosis of cancer in such cases, if no infiltrative growth is clearly visible, depends mainly on the nuclear criteria. Outdated equipment and insufficient quality of histological specimens impeded reliable evaluation of the nuclear criteria. Access to foreign professional literature has always been limited in the former Soviet Union. The great number of adv... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378034 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:05:41 +0100 5378034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378033&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048495%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048495 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378033 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:05:31 +0100 5378033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378032&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048496%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048496 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378032 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:05:22 +0100 5378032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378031&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22048497%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 22048497 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378031 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 20:05:12 +0100 5378031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343590&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968818%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Michel R PMID: 21968818 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343590 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:46:35 +0100 5343590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343589&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prater S, Rees CR, Bruner A, Savage C Abstract During interventional procedures, the vast majority of scatter radiation originates from the patient and table and travels in all directions in straight lines. Because the operator's head is much higher than the patient and at an angle upward and to the side of the patient (not directly above), the scatter received by the operator's head is projected in an upward angle. Thus a face shield could potentially be lower than the object it is shielding, e.g., below the eyes. This principle may be used as an advantage to design the lowest shield that effectively protects the head while providing optimum vision, appearance, acoustics, low weight, and sense of openness. A flat acrylic plate shield, 0.5 mm Pb equivalence, was suspended ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343589 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:46:23 +0100 5343589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343588&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zoeger N, Brandl A Abstract The evaluation of the dose rate distributions from radioactive sources, together with the specific detector locations with respect to those sources, in many cases presents a significant analytical challenge. With the exception of a few, simple source-detector geometries, it is not possible to find an analytical expression for these dose rate distributions as functions of detector location. In this paper, the dose rate distributions due to the arrangement of radiological waste drums on a standard wooden transport and storage pallet are investigated. The dose rates at various distances, ranging from 5 cm to 20 m, from the waste drum assembly have been evaluated by Monte Carlo calculations. The simulation data are fitted by smooth analytical functi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343588 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:46:12 +0100 5343588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343587&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Distenfeld C Abstract Until 2006, continuous radon monitoring devices, CR, could either be calibrated by reference to known quantities or by internal adjustments and or alignments. In 2007, a policy was advanced by the National Radon Safety Board and the National Environmental Health Association mandating internal adjustment and or alignment. Further, calibrations could only be performed by radon chamber persons authorized by the specific device manufacturer, which was a process that was impossible for many chamber operators to achieve. The paper serves to examine the technical validity for routine internal adjustments to Honeywell and Sun Nuclear (Sun Nuclear Corporation, 425A Pineda Court, Melbourne, FL 32940-7508) devices in contrast to the clear market controlling adva... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343587 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:46:00 +0100 5343587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343586&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Vernig PG, Tipping TN, Herrold J, Ward P Abstract This paper is intended as an aid for preparing radioactive material shipments in academic and medical facilities. These facilities may only ship radioactive materials infrequently. As such, ensuring compliance with applicable regulations can be very time consuming. Excepted package shipments (including empty packages) and shipments using Type A packages for a select list of isotopes commonly used by academic and medical facilities are covered. Tables and flowcharts are used to direct one through the process of determining if the material to be shipped meets the definition of radioactive material for transportation purposes and if it qualifies for excepted package or Type A package shipment. The reader is then directed to pr... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343586 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:45:48 +0100 5343586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343585&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968823%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses the regulations and requirements of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission pertaining to the practice of nuclear medicine. Among the regulations and requirements to be discussed include the record keeping requirements and the information to be made available to the U.S. NRC regularly and during inspections. Also examined are the tools and methods that the U.S. NRC has made available to resolve any discrepancies with licensees. Lastly reviewed are the Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) process and the methods that the U.S. NRC provides to solve any disputes between it and licensees. PMID: 21968823 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343585 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:45:37 +0100 5343585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343584&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21968824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McMillan D, Johnson T, Guo Y, Brandl A Abstract Nuclear accidents and access to radiological weapons for terrorist organizations and countries with hostile intentions towards the United States are realistic scenarios in the current global landscape. A dispersion of radionuclides can result from a nuclear weapon detonation or from a nuclear accident occurring in facilities handling or using radioactive material, such as nuclear power reactors. Any target of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or an attack with a nuclear weapon and the surrounding area of a reactor accident could be subject to a significant amount of fallout and radioactive contamination. Therefore, a nuclear event in close proximity to agricultural areas will cause significant concern regarding the contam... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343584 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:45:25 +0100 5343584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343583&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21994014%26dopt%3DAbstract This study contributes to a growing body of research in human ecological immunology, and suggests that there may be substantial population differences in the regulation of inflammation that has implications for the association between inflammation and disease. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 21994014 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343583 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:45:13 +0100 5343583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294789&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenforde TS PMID: 21979528 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294789 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:54:33 +0100 5294789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294788&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979529%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoffman FO PMID: 21979529 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294788 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:54:23 +0100 5294788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294787&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Land CE Abstract Ionizing radiation is a known, well-documented, and reasonably well-quantified human cancer risk factor based on a remarkably consistent body of dose-response information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations supported by experimental studies using animal and cellular models. This fact is largely ascribable to the relative ease, compared to other carcinogens, of estimating radiation dose to organs and local tissues. Statistical models for radiation-related cancer risk are increasingly relevant to both radiation protection policy and the adjudication of compensation claims for cancers diagnosed following occupational and environmental exposures to ionizing radiation, as discussed in a number of expert committee reports of national and internat... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294787 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:54:14 +0100 5294787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294786&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979531%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenforde TS PMID: 21979531 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294786 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:54:04 +0100 5294786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294785&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Covello VT Abstract Risk communication is the two-way exchange of information about risks, including risks associated with radiation and radiological events. The risk communication literature contains a broad range of strategies for overcoming the psychological, sociological, and cultural factors that create public misperceptions and misunderstandings about risks. These strategies help radiation risk communicators overcome the challenges posed by three basic observations about people under stress: (1) people under stress typically want to know that you care before they care about what you know; (2) people under stress typically have difficulty hearing, understanding, and remembering information; (3) people under stress typically focus more on negative information than posi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294785 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:54 +0100 5294785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294784&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979533%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aakhus M Abstract The International Radiation Protection Association's guiding principles for stakeholder engagement focus on fostering, facilitating, and enabling interaction among stakeholders that is inclusive and fosters competent decision making. Implicit in these standards is a call to cultivate knowledge and competence in designing communication for stakeholder engagement among radiation protection professionals. Communication as design is an approach to risk communication in science and policy that differs from, yet complements, the more well-known communication practices of informing and persuading. Design focuses on the recurring practical problem faced by professionals in making communication possible among stakeholders where it has otherwise been difficult, imp... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294784 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:43 +0100 5294784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294783&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979534%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Martin T Abstract The Hanford nuclear site in Washington State had a major role in the production of nuclear weapons materials during the Manhattan Project in World War II and during the Cold War that followed. The production of weapons-grade radionuclides produced a large amount of radioactive byproducts that have been stored since the mid-1900s at the Hanford Site. These by-product radionuclides have leaked from containment facilities into the groundwater, contaminated buildings used for radionuclide processing, and also contaminated the nuclear reactors used to produce weapons-grade uranium and plutonium. This issue has been a major concern to Hanford stakeholders for several decades, and the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the W... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294783 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:33 +0100 5294783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294782&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Locke PA PMID: 21979535 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294782 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:23 +0100 5294782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294781&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979536%26dopt%3DAbstract Panel on "communication, terrorism and homeland security: new research, recent experience, emerging challenges". Health Phys. 2011 Nov;101(5):540-2 Authors: Becker SM PMID: 21979536 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294781 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:13 +0100 5294781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294780&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller CW PMID: 21979537 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294780 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:53:03 +0100 5294780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294779&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979538%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rubin GJ, Amlôt R, Page L Abstract Public responses to large-scale radiological incidents are often thought to be disproportionate to the objective risk and can involve widespread societal disruption. Recent experiences of the Po incident in central London suggest that public responses depend heavily on the nature of the incident and the effectiveness of risk communication efforts. This paper describes the outcome of several studies done in the aftermath of the Po incident that suggest the reaction of the public on this occasion was muted, even for those directly affected. However, the desire for accurate, up-to-date and individually-tailored information was strong, and satisfaction with the efforts of the responding agencies was mediated by this information provision. A ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294779 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:53 +0100 5294779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294778&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979539%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Becker SM Abstract It is now widely recognized that effective communication is a crucial element in radiological/nuclear terrorism preparedness. Whereas in the past, communication and information issues were sometimes viewed as secondary in comparison with technical concerns, today the need to improve risk communication, public information, and emergency messaging is seen as a high priority. The process of improving radiological/nuclear terrorism risk communication can be conceptualized as occurring in four overlapping phases. The first phase involves the recognition that communication and information issues will be pivotal in shaping how a radiological/nuclear terrorism incident unfolds and in determining its outcome. This recognition has helped shape the second phase, in... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294778 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:43 +0100 5294778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294777&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979540%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miller CW, McCurley MC Abstract Federal agencies have a variety of roles and responsibilities related to communicating with the public before, during, and after a radiological emergency. To better understand the various efforts currently underway, the Radiation Studies Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a roundtable of representatives from federal agencies with responsibility for communicating with the public about radiation emergencies. Roundtable participants shared valuable information about efforts underway to develop information and messages for a variety of audiences and agreed that continued interagency coordination and dialogue about communication before, during, and after an event are needed. The group suggested several strategies fo... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294777 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:33 +0100 5294777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294776&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979541%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Timins JK Abstract X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895. Within one year, benefits of x-rays, such as visualization of fractures, and detriments, such as x-ray dermatitis, were recognized. Nobel Laureates Pierre and Marie Sklodowska Curie discovered the radioactive element radium in 1898, and a year later the application of radiation to cure cancer was reported. A significant price was paid for this: Marie Curie died of aplastic anemia related to her radiation exposure, and her daughter Irene Joliot Curie, Nobelist for radiochemical research, died of radiation-induced leukemia. Internationally developed radiation protection recommendations were formalized starting in the late 1920s. The increasing use of ionizing radiation in medical diagnosis and radiation t... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294776 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:22 +0100 5294776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294775&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979542%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wagner LK Abstract Frequently messages are conveyed about benefit and risk in medical imaging or in imaging-guided medical intervention that are quite different from the intended communication. This is because communication is not merely the words used to express an idea. The message involves many personal factors on the part of the communicator and on the part of the audience. The intent of this article is to disclose some of the underlying factors that disproportionately bias communication of benefit and risk. Suggestions on how to develop a holistic communication of benefits and risks are presented. It is recommended that communication about the application of radiation to patients be disassociated from standard radiation protection concepts. The medical profession shou... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294775 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:13 +0100 5294775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294774&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979543%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Marks LB Abstract When communicating the benefits and risks of radiation therapy, it is important to provide context, perspective, and reassurance. Radiation is inherently frightening. While this may make discussions about medical radiation's benefits-risks challenging, it also reinforces our responsibility for meaningful and clear discussions with patients, families, colleagues in non-radiation fields, and the public. We need to clearly acknowledge the risks of radiation but also reinforce therapeutic benefits of radiation. For most clinical situations, the benefit-risk ratio is favorable for radiation. Further, we must provide reassurance that we are doing what we can to minimize the risks. This approach helps to build confidence in the radiation team. Obtaining informed... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294774 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:52:03 +0100 5294774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294773&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979544%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kopans DB Abstract Mammography screening is one of the major medical advances of the past several decades. Prior to 1990, the death rate from breast cancer had been unchanged in 50 y. Mammography screening began on a national scale in the middle of the 1980s and, as would be expected, the death rate from breast cancer began to drop in 1990. Since 1990, the death rate from breast cancer has decreased by 30%. Studies in the Netherlands and Sweden, using direct measurements in the general population, show that most of the decrease is due to mammography screening beginning at the age of 40 y, with a small component due to improved therapies (therapy is more effective when cancers are small and earlier stage). A major concern raised in the 1970s was that the radiation from mamm... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294773 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:52 +0100 5294773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294772&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979545%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Berlin L Abstract Concerns about possible harmful effects of exposure to radiation arising from diagnostic radiologic procedures have existed in both the scientific and lay communities for many decades. There is, however, no question that the degree of concern over the past years has escalated to the "anxiety" if not the "fear" level. Potential exposure to radiation is not a new issue, but it is certainly a "hot" issue. Americans were exposed to more than six times as much ionizing radiation from diagnostic medical procedures in 2006 than they were in early 1980s. To what extent this increased exposure elevates the risk of genetic mutations and/or development of cancer is not known with any degree of certainty. The available data are subject to varying interpretations, oft... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294772 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:43 +0100 5294772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294771&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979546%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mettler FA PMID: 21979546 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294771 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:33 +0100 5294771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294770&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979547%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hoffman FO, Kocher DC, Apostoaei AI Abstract Evaluations of radiation exposures of workers and the public traditionally focus on assessments of radiation dose, especially annual dose, without explicitly evaluating the health risk associated with those exposures, principally the risk of radiation-induced cancer. When dose is the endpoint of an assessment, opportunities to communicate the significance of exposures are limited to comparisons with dose criteria in regulations, doses due to natural background or medical x-rays, and doses above which a statistically significant increase of disease has been observed in epidemiologic studies. Risk assessment generally addresses the chance (probability) that specific diseases might be induced by past, present, or future exposure. T... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294770 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:23 +0100 5294770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294769&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jones CR Abstract The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) published their Guiding Principles for Radiation Protection Professionals on Stakeholder Engagement in February 2009. The publication of this document is the culmination of four years of work by the Spanish Society for Radiological Protection, the French Society of Radioprotection, the United Kingdom Society of Radiological Protection, and the IRPA organization, with full participation by the Italian Associate Society and the Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health. The Guiding Principles provide field-tested and sound counsel to the radiation protection profession to aid it in successfully engaging with stakeholders in decision-making processes that result in mu... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294769 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:13 +0100 5294769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294768&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shafer DS, Hartwell WT Abstract The public's trust in the source of information about radiation is a key element of its acceptance. The public tends to trust two groups where risk communication is concerned: (1) scientists with expertise who are viewed as acting independently; and (2) friends, family, and other close associates who are viewed as sharing the same interests and concern, even if they have less knowledge of the subject. The Community Environmental Monitoring Program (CEMP) bridges both of these groups by having members of the public help operate and communicate results of a network of 29 radiation monitoring stations around the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), formerly known as the Nevada Test Site (NTS), the principal continental location where the Unite... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294768 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:51:02 +0100 5294768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294767&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979550%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dawson SE, Madsen GE Abstract The uranium industry in the American Southwest has had profoundly negative impacts on American Indian communities. Navajo workers experienced significant health problems, including lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, and psychosocial problems, such as depression and anxiety. There were four uranium processing mills and approximately 1,200 uranium mines on the Navajo Nation's over 27,000 square miles. In this paper, a chronology is presented of how uranium mining and milling impacted the lives of Navajo workers and their families. Local community leaders organized meetings across the reservation to inform workers and their families about the relationship between worker exposures and possible health problems. A reservation-wide ef... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294767 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:52 +0100 5294767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294766&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Locke PA Abstract This paper is focused on summarizing the "lessons learned" from discussions at the 2010 NCRP Annual Meeting on effective communications on the subject of radiation benefits and risks in public exposures. Five main lessons learned are discussed in regard to effective methods of public communication: the use of new social media communication tools such as Facebook and Twitter, emergency situations that require rapid societal and personal messaging, medical radiological procedures where benefits must be described in comparison to long-term health risks of radiation exposures, and information that should be provided to stakeholders in situations such as environmental radionuclide contamination to which members of the public may be exposed. It is concluded tha... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294766 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:43 +0100 5294766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294765&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21979552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294765 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:33 +0100 5294765 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294764&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979553%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21979553 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294764 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:23 +0100 5294764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294763&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21979554 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294763 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:13 +0100 5294763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294791&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21978974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sutton G, Erickson MR, Quesnele JJ, Williams DM, Blessing CD Abstract JOSPT offers invited reviews of current titles. The October 2011 column includes 5 reviews of the following books: Athletic and Sports Issues in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation; Biomechanics of Human Motion: Basics and Beyond for the Health Professions; Nerve and Vascular Injuries in Sports Medicine; Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: The Janda Approach; and Ther Ex Notes: Clinical Pocket Guide. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):797-801. PMID: 21978974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294791 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:03 +0100 5294791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294790&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snyder-Mackler L, Risberg MA Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occur with negative sequelae, including reduced activity in the short term and threats to long-term knee health. Nonoperative management of highly active individuals after ACL rupture is controversial. A recent randomized controlled trial, comparing structured rehabilitation and early surgery with structured rehabilitation and optional delayed surgery, demonstrated no significant differences between the 2 groups in patients' self-reported knee function 2 years after inclusion. Work identifying individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee as copers and noncopers demonstrates considerable potential for success of nonoperative treatment in selected patients. However, the ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294790 Sat, 08 Oct 2011 10:50:03 +0100 5294790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216316&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878757%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21878757 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216316 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:22:21 +0100 5216316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216315&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878758%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farfán EB PMID: 21878758 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216315 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:22:12 +0100 5216315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216314&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878759%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides a brief overview of the major achievements resulting from this cooperation between the IRL and U.S. research centers. PMID: 21878759 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216314 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:22:03 +0100 5216314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216313&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878760%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oskolkov BY, Bondarkov MD, Gaschak SP, Maksimenko AM, Hinton TG, Coughlin D, Jannik GT, Farfán EB Abstract Radiation exposure of the biota in the shoreline area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Pond was assessed to evaluate radiological consequences from the decommissioning of the Cooling Pond. This paper addresses studies of radioactive contamination of the terrestrial faunal complex and radionuclide concentration ratios in bodies of small birds, small mammals, amphibians, and reptiles living in the area. The data were used to calculate doses to biota using the ERICA Tool software. Doses from Sr and Cs were calculated using the default parameters of the ERICA Tool and were shown to be consistent with biota doses calculated from the field data. However, the ER... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216313 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:54 +0100 5216313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216312&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878761%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bondarkov MD, Zheltonozhsky VA, Zheltonozhskaya MV, Kulich NV, Maksimenko AM, Farfán EB, Jannik GT, Marra JC Abstract Studies of vertical migration of Chernobyl-origin radionuclides in the 5-km zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) in the area of the Red Forest experimental site were completed. Measurements were made by gamma spectrometric methods using high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors with beryllium windows. Alpha-emitting isotopes of plutonium were determined by the measurement of the x-rays from their uranium progeny. The presence of Co, Cs, Eu, and Am in all soil layers down to a depth of 30 cm was observed. The presence of Cs and Am was noted in the area containing automorphous soils to a depth of 60 cm. In addition, the upper soil layers at the tes... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216312 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:44 +0100 5216312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216311&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878762%26dopt%3DAbstract Assessment of the radionuclide composition of "hot particles" sampled in the chernobyl nuclear power plant fourth reactor unit. Health Phys. 2011 Oct;101(4):368-74 Authors: Bondarkov MD, Zheltonozhsky VA, Zheltonozhskaya MV, Kulich NV, Maksimenko AM, Farfán EB, Jannik GT, Marra JC Abstract Fuel-containing materials sampled from within the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) Unit 4 Confinement Shelter were spectroscopically studied for gamma and alpha content. Isotopic ratios for cesium, europium, plutonium, americium, and curium were identified, and the fuel burn-up in these samples was determined. A systematic deviation in the burn-up values based on the cesium isotopes in comparison with other radionuclides was observed. The studies conducted were the first ever perfor... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216311 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:35 +0100 5216311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216310&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878763%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the completed study was to evaluate the functioning of the antioxidant system of a microscopic fungus as one of potential mechanisms for implementation of its radioadaptive properties. The study was performed using a model system simulating the soil radioactivity in the 5-km zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, with the ratio of the radioactive isotopes matching the radionuclide content in the fuel component of the Chernobyl fallout. The completed study was the first ever performed to identify a comprehensive response of the major components of the antioxidant system of the microscopic fungi to ionizing radiation, resulting in an induced melanin synthesis and increased activity of the known enzymes of antioxidant protection. Their response to ionizing radiation d... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216310 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:25 +0100 5216310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216309&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878764%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bondarkov MD, Maksimenko AM, Gaschak SP, Zheltonozhsky VA, Jannik GT, Farfán EB Abstract To perform in vivo simultaneous measurements of the Sr and Cs content in the bodies of animals living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ), an appropriate method and equipment were developed and installed in a mobile gamma beta spectrometry laboratory. This technique was designed for animals of relatively small sizes (up to 50 g). The Sr content is measured by a beta spectrometer with a 0.1-mm-thick scintillation plastic detector. The spectrum processing takes into account the fact that the measured object is "thick-layered" and contains a comparable quantity of Cs, which is a characteristic condition of the ChEZ. The Cs content is measured by a NaI scintillation detector that is pa... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216309 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:15 +0100 5216309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216308&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878765%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yoschenko VI, Kashparov VA, Melnychuk MD, Levchuk SE, Bondar YO, Lazarev M, Yoschenko MI, Farfán EB, Jannik GT Abstract To identify effects of chronic internal and external radiation exposure for components of terrestrial ecosystems, a comprehensive study of Scots pine trees in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was performed. The experimental plan included over 1,100 young trees (up to 20 y old) selected from areas with varying levels of radioactive contamination. These pine trees were planted after the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident mainly to prevent radionuclide resuspension and soil erosion. For each tree, the major morphological parameters and radioactive contamination values were identified. Cytological analyses were performed for selected trees representing ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216308 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:21:05 +0100 5216308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216307&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878766%26dopt%3DAbstract Frequency distributions of 90sr and 137cs concentrations in an ecosystem of the "red forest" area in the chernobyl exclusion zone. Health Phys. 2011 Oct;101(4):409-15 Authors: Gaschak SP, Makliuk YA, Maksimenko AM, Bondarkov MD, Chizhevsky I, Caldwell EF, Jannik GT, Farfán EB Abstract In the most highly contaminated region of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the "Red Forest" site, the accumulation of the major dose-affecting radionuclides (Sr and Cs) within the components of an ecological system encompassing 3,000 m was characterized. The sampled components included soils (top 0-10 cm depth), Molina caerulea (blue moor grass), Camponotus vagus (carpenter ants), and Pelobates fuscus (spade-footed toad). In a comparison among the components of this ecosystem, the Sr and Cs conc... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216307 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:55 +0100 5216307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216306&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878767%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes major studies performed by the Chernobyl Center's International Radioecology Laboratory (Slavutich, Ukraine) on radioecology of murine rodents and shrews inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. The article addresses the long-term (1986-2005) and seasonal dynamics of radioactive contamination of animals and reviews interspecies differences in radionuclide accumulations and factors affecting the radionuclide accumulations. It is shown that bioavailability of radionuclides in the "soil-to-plant" chain and a trophic specialization of animals play key roles in determining their actual contamination levels. The total absorbed dose rates in small mammals significantly reduced during the years following the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. In 1986, the absorbed dose ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216306 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:47 +0100 5216306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216305&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878768%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the localization and characteristics of the radioactive waste present in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and summarizes the pathways and strategy for handling the radioactive waste-related problems in Ukraine and the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and, in particular, the pathways and strategies stipulated by the National Radioactive Waste Management Program. PMID: 21878768 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216305 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:38 +0100 5216305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216304&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878769%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents a brief overview of five comprehensive reports generated under Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500 (Washington Savannah River Company LLC, Subcontract No. AC55559N, SOW No. ON8778) and summarizes characteristics of the ChEZ and its post-accident status. The history of development of the radiation monitoring research in the ChEZ is described also. This paper addresses the characteristics of radiation monitoring in the ChEZ, its major goals and objectives, and changes in these goals and objectives in the course of time, depending on the tasks associated with the phase of mitigation of the ChNPP accident consequences. The results of the radiation monitoring in the ChEZ during the last 25 years are also provided. PMID: 21878769 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216304 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:29 +0100 5216304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216303&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878770%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21878770 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216303 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:21 +0100 5216303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5216302&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21878771%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21878771 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5216302 Wed, 14 Sep 2011 05:20:11 +0100 5216302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094998&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799338%26dopt%3DAbstract FDA-SUNLAMP RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM TIMER INTERVAL AND EXPOSURE SCHEDULE: CONSENSUS ISO/CIE DOSE EQUIVALENCE. Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):227-232 Authors: Dowdy JC, Czako EA, Stepp ME, Schlitt SC, Bender GR, Khan LU, Shinneman KD, Karos MG, Shepherd JG, Sayre RM The authors compared calculations of sunlamp maximum exposure times following current USFDA Guidance Policy on the Maximum Timer Interval and Exposure Schedule, with USFDA/CDRH proposals revising these to equivalent erythemal exposures of ISO/CIE Standard Erythema Dose (SED). In 2003, [USFDA/CDRH proposed replacing their unique CDRH/Lytle] erythema action spectrum with the ISO/CIE erythema action spectrum and revising the sunlamp maximum exposure timer to 600 J m ISO/CIE effective dose, presented as being biologically equi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094998 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 04:04:54 +0100 5094998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094973&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799339%26dopt%3DAbstract RADIATION PROTECTION IN PEDIATRIC INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY: AN IAEA PILOT PROGRAM IN LATIN AMERICA. Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):233-237 Authors: Vano E, Ubeda C, Miranda P, Leyton F, Durán A, Nader A The aim of this work is to present a methodology and some initial results for a pilot program on radiation protection (RP) in pediatric interventional cardiology under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The starting point of the program was a workshop involving several pediatric cardiologists leading this specialty in 11 Latin American countries. The workshop included a pilot RP training course and additional sessions during which the objectives of the program and the methodology to collect and process data on patient and staff radiation doses were discussed... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094973 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 03:48:58 +0100 5094973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094971&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799340%26dopt%3DAbstract THE U.S. GOVERNMENT'S MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT FOR NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES: SYNERGY FROM INTERAGENCY COOPERATION. Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):238-247 Authors: Grace MB, Cliffer KD, Moyer BR, Coleman CN, Prasher JM, Hatchett R, Mercier J, Manning RG, Bader JL, Disbrow GL, Kovacs GR Following the attacks of 11 September 2001, emergency preparedness within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as at the Department of Defense and other federal agencies, received higher visibility, new mandates and increased funding. Emergency deployment teams increased the frequency of drills to enable better response to the health consequences of mass-casualty incidents. Interagency coordination has also continued to increase to more efficiently... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094971 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 03:20:51 +0100 5094971 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094963&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799341%26dopt%3DAbstract COMPARISON OF TWO LEG PHANTOMS CONTAINING 241AM IN BONE. Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):248-258 Authors: Kramer GH, Hauck B, Capello K, Rühm W, El-Faramawy N, Broggio D, Franck D, Lopez MA, Navarro T, Navarro JF, Perez B, Tolmachev S Three facilities (CIEMAT, HMGU and HML) have used their in vivo counters to compare two leg phantoms. One was commercially produced with Am activity artificially added to the bone inserts. The other, the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries' (USTUR) leg phantom, was manufactured from Am-contaminated bones resulting from an intake. The comparison of the two types of leg phantoms showed that the two phantoms are not similar in their activity distributions. An error in a bone activity estimate could be quite large if the commercial leg pha... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094963 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 03:05:12 +0100 5094963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094959&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799342%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sawajiri M, Nomura Y, Banik S, Nishikiori R, Sonoda Y, Tanimoto K To examine the effects of carbon ion and gamma ray irradiation on cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis, mouse calvaria MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with conditioned medium from irradiated and non-irradiated MCF7 human breast cancer cells. The authors examined RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells following treatment with conditioned MCF7 medium. Co-cultured MC3T3-E1 and bone marrow cells treated with conditioned medium from irradiated MCF7 cells showed decreased numbers of osteoclasts, assessed using TRAP staining. Conditioned medium from control MCF7 cells elevated the RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells; this effect was suppressed by carbon ion irradiation of the MCF7 cells. These data d... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094959 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 02:51:46 +0100 5094959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094951&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fornalski KW, Dobrzyński L The influence of ionizing radiation of Rn and its progeny on lung cancer risks that were published in 28 papers was re-analyzed using seven alternative dose-response models. The risks of incidence and mortality were studied in two ranges of low annual radiation dose: 0-70 mSv per year (391 Bq m) and 0-150 mSv per year (838 Bq m). Assumption-free Bayesian statistical methods were used. The analytical results demonstrate that the published incidence and mortality data do not show that radiation dose is associated with increased risk in this range of doses. This conclusion is based on the observation that the model assuming no dependence of the lung cancer induction on the radiation doses is at least ∼90 times more likely to be true than the other mo... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094951 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 01:50:22 +0100 5094951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094941&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799344%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kocher DC, Hoffman FO This paper presents an assessment of lifetime risks of cancer incidence associated with the drinking water standard for tritium established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); this standard is an annual-average maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 740 Bq L. This risk assessment has several defining characteristics: (1) an accounting of uncertainty in all parameters that relate a given concentration of tritium in drinking water to lifetime risk (except the number of days of consumption of drinking water in a year and the number of years of consumption) and an accounting of correlations of uncertain parameters to obtain probability distributions that represent uncertainty in estimated lifetime risks of cancer incidence; (2) inclusion of a rad... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094941 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 00:39:30 +0100 5094941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094937&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799345%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zirkle RA, Walsh TJ, Disraelly DS, Curling CA The Human Response Injury Profile (HRIP) nuclear methodology provides an estimate of casualties occurring as a consequence of nuclear attacks against military targets for planning purposes. The approach develops user-defined, time-based casualty and fatality estimates based on progressions of underlying symptoms and their severity changes over time. This paper provides a description of the HRIP nuclear methodology and its development, including inputs, human response and the casualty estimation process. PMID: 21799345 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094937 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 00:15:32 +0100 5094937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094932&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799346%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lavoie L, Ghita M, Brateman L, Arreola M Optically-stimulated luminescent (OSL) nanoDot dosimeters, commercially available from Landauer, Inc. (Glenwood, IL), were assessed for use in computed tomography (CT) for erasure and reusability, linearity and reproducibility of response, and angular and energy response in different scattering conditions. Following overnight exposure to fluorescent room light, the residual signal on the dosimeters was 2%. The response of the dosimeters to identical exposures was consistent, and reported doses were within 4% of each other. The dosimeters responded linearly with dose up to 1 Gy. The dosimeter response to the CT beams decreased with increased tube voltage, showing up to a -16% difference when compared to a 0.6-cm NIST-traceable calibrated... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094932 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:38:19 +0100 5094932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094929&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799347%26dopt%3DAbstract Assessment of 90sr and 137cs penetration into reinforced concrete (extent of "deepening") under natural atmospheric conditions. Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):311-20 Authors: Farfán EB, Gaschak SP, Maksymenko AM, Donnelly EH, Bondarkov MD, Jannik GT, Marra JC When assessing the feasibility of remediation following the detonation of a radiological dispersion device or improvised nuclear device in a large city, several issues should be considered, including the levels and characteristics of the radioactive contamination, the availability of resources required for decontamination and the planned future use of the city's structures and buildings. Currently, little is known about radionuclide penetration into construction materials in an urban environment. Knowledge in this area woul... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094929 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:20:19 +0100 5094929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094917&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799348%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21799348 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094917 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:07:30 +0100 5094917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094902&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799349%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21799349 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094902 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 22:56:33 +0100 5094902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5094895&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21799350%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21799350 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5094895 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 22:50:26 +0100 5094895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095003&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21787027%26dopt%3DAbstract Erratum: "Diffusion amid random overlapping obstacles: Similarities, invariants, approximations'' [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 154104 (2011)]. J Chem Phys. 2011 Jul 21;135(3):039901 Authors: Novak IL, Gao F, Kraikivski P, Slepchenko BM PMID: 21787027 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095003 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5095007&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21766284%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dabbs GR Using the protocol outlined in The Backbone of History: Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere (BBH) (Steckel and Rose. 2002a. The backbone of history: health and nutrition in the Western Hemisphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), this project compares the Mark I Health Index (MIHI) scores of the Ipiutak (n = 76; 100BCE-500CE) and Tigara (n = 298; 1200-1700CE), two samples of North American Arctic Eskimos excavated from Point Hope, Alaska. Macroscopic examination of skeletal remains for evidence of anemia, linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH), infection, trauma, dental health, and degenerative joint disease (DJD) was conducted to assess differences in health status resulting from a major economic shift at Point Hope. These data demonstrate that despite dif... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5095007 Thu, 14 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5095007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903065&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617387%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21617387 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903065 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:52 +0100 4903065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903064&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617388%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sherbini S, Ilas D, Eckerman K, Decicco J United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) regulations limit the dose to the skin to 500 mSv per year. This is also the dose limit recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The operational quantity recommended by ICRP for quantifying dose to the skin is the personal dose equivalent, Hp(0.07) and is identical to NRC's shallow dose equivalent, Hs, also measured at a skin depth of 7 mg cm. However, whereas ICRP recommends averaging the dose to the skin over an area of 1 cm regardless of the size of the exposed area of skin, USNRC requires the shallow dose equivalent to be averaged over 10 cm. To monitor dose to the skin of the hands of workers handling radioactive materials and particularly in... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903064 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:40 +0100 4903064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903063&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617389%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simon SL While radiation absorbed dose (Gy) to the skin or other organs is sometimes estimated for patients from diagnostic radiologic examinations or therapeutic procedures, rarely is occupationally-received radiation absorbed dose to individual organs/tissues estimated for medical personnel; e.g., radiologic technologists or radiologists. Generally, for medical personnel, equivalent or effective radiation doses are estimated for compliance purposes. In the very few cases when organ doses to medical personnel are reconstructed, the data is usually for the purpose of epidemiologic studies; e.g., a study of historical doses and risks to a cohort of about 110,000 radiologic technologists presently underway at the U.S. National Cancer Institute. While ICRP and ICRU have published... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903063 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:33 +0100 4903063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903062&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617390%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tolstykh EI, Degteva MO, Peremyslova LM, Shagina NB, Shishkina EA, Krivoshchapov VA, Anspaugh LR, Napier BA Releases of radioactive materials from the Mayak Production Association in 1949-1956 resulted in contamination of the Techa River; a nuclide of major interest was Sr, which downstream residents consumed with water from the river and with milk contaminated by cows' consumption of river water and contaminated pasture. Over the years, several reconstructions of dose have been performed for the approximately 30,000 persons who make up the Extended Techa River Cohort. The purpose of the study described here was to derive a revised reference-Sr-intake function for the members of this cohort. The revision was necessary because recently discovered data have provided a more accur... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903062 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:26 +0100 4903062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903061&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617391%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bevelacqua JJ Conservatism in the calculation of the effective dose following an airborne release from an accident involving a fuel reprocessing waste tank is examined. Within the regulatory constraints at the Hanford Site, deterministic effective dose calculations are conservative by at least an order of magnitude. Deterministic calculations should be used with caution in reaching decisions associated with required safety systems and mitigation philosophy related to the accidental release of airborne radioactive material to the environment. PMID: 21617391 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903061 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:19 +0100 4903061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903060&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617392%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steele DR, Petrie CM, Herminghuysen K, Blue TE ISO standard 4037 specifies the characteristics and production methods of x-ray and gamma-ray reference radiation for calibrating protection-level dosimeters and rate dosimeters. The standard limits scattered radiation to 5%. The shadow shield technique is a widely accepted test used to determine scatter contribution. Using an MCNP model, an analysis of the shadow shield technique was performed. It was found that the shadow shield technique is accurate in predicting the scatter due to the walls and floor for source-to-detector distances (R) less than 6 m. For R greater than 6 m for the modeled irradiator and calibration range, the shadow shield blocks photons that scatter upbeam from the detector, which causes the shadow shield me... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903060 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:10 +0100 4903060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903059&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617393%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hu S, Cucinotta FA Bone marrow failure is the major cause of radiation lethality in mammals. Since bone marrow is distributed heterogeneously within trabecular spongiosa encased in a cortex of cortical bone, it is very difficult to measure the extent of the radiation damage directly. However, indirect consequences of damage to marrow, such as reductions in peripheral blood cell counts, are easily measured. In this paper, the authors investgate a mathematical model of the granulopoiesis system that provides quantitative relationships between reductions in peripheral blood cells and the bone marrow precursor cells following radiation exposure. A coarse-grained architecture of cellular replication and production as well as a mechanism for implicit regulation used in this model ar... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903059 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:16:01 +0100 4903059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903058&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617394%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: von Boetticher H, Lüllau T, Lammers M, Kamau EN, Poppe B The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in diagnostic imaging is associated with a relevant increase in patient dose and requires CT dose optimization. Anthropomorphic phantoms and mathematical patient models have been developed to improve the dosimetry in diagnostic imaging. Nevertheless, the doses calculated in these models and the ones individual patients can receive may differ considerably. In particular, the assessment of organ doses is problematic when organs and tissues receive only a partial exposure. A typical example for this situation is the exposure of the liver within a thoracic CT. To evaluate the impact of the field boundary and the liver volume on the individual organ dose, 50 CT scans from 25 mal... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903058 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:15:51 +0100 4903058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903057&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617395%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raabe OG Ionizing radiation safety standards developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) during the past 50-plus years have provided guidance for effective protection of workers and the public from the potentially harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, including cancer. Earlier standards were based primarily on radiation dose rate to organs of the body. More recent recommendations have calculated cancer risk as a function of cumulative dose using a linear no-threshold cancer risk model based on the acute high dose rate exposures received by the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The underlying assumption in these current recommendations is that risk of radiation-induced cancer is proportional to cumulative dose without threshold. In con... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903057 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:15:42 +0100 4903057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903056&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617396%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21617396 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903056 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:15:33 +0100 4903056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4903055&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21617397%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 21617397 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4903055 Tue, 07 Jun 2011 09:15:23 +0100 4903055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4799688&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21532139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Whether you are the pitcher, coach, or concerned parent, the health of the athlete's throwing arm is very important. A better understanding of the forces that occur during different types of baseball throws could lead to improved guidelines, helping to boost performance while preventing injuries. A study published in the May 2011 issue of JOSPT provides new insight into the forces placed on the shoulder and elbow during flat-ground and long-toss throws. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(5):304. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0503. PMID: 21532139 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4799688 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4799688 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747553&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451314%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Musolino SV, Coulter DT, Tedla H PMID: 21451314 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747553 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:33:50 +0100 4747553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747552&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim CH, Cho S, Jeong JH, Bolch WE, Reece WD, Poston JW The two-dosimeter method, which employs one dosimeter on the chest and the other on the back, determines the effective dose with sufficient accuracy for complex or unknown irradiation geometries. The two-dosimeter method, with a suitable algorithm, neither significantly overestimates (in most cases) nor seriously underestimates the effective dose, not even for extreme exposure geometries. Recently, however, the definition of the effective dose itself was changed in ICRP Publication 103; that is, the organ and tissue configuration employed in calculations of effective dose, along with the related tissue weighting factors, was significantly modified. In the present study, therefore, a two-dosimeter algorithm was developed fo... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747552 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:33:27 +0100 4747552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747551&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451316%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, reindeer herders together with reindeer meat samples were monitored for gamma-emitting radionuclides from two separate areas in the Finnish reindeer management area, Northern Finland and the Halla area. The effective half-lives determined for Cs in reindeer meat were from 3.0 ± 1.7 to 5.1 ± 0.5 y. For Cs, the observed effective half-lives in reindeer meat were from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.1 y. The effective half-lives among male and female reindeer herders in Northern Finland were 5.5 ± 1.3 and 4.4 ± 0.9 y, respectively, for the body-burden of Cs. In the Halla reindeer herding cooperative, located to the south of Finnish Lapland in the province of Kuusamo, the effective half-lives in the reindeer herders were shorter, about 1-2 y. The Cs × Cs ratios decreased more rapidl... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747551 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:33:19 +0100 4747551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747550&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451317%26dopt%3DAbstract A TWO-STEP CONCEPT TO DERIVE A CONSISTENT SET OF INTERVENTION LEVELS FOR RADIATION EMERGENCY PLANNING AND TO TRANSLATE INTERNATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS INTO PRACTICAL GUIDANCE. Health Phys. 2011 May;100(5):482-490 Authors: Wirth E, Baciu AC, Gerich B, Blaettler M, Buettner U, Calvarro JM, Hofer P, Holo EN, Kuhlen J, Molnar K, Nizamska M, Sogalla M, Turai I, Vandecasteele C A two-step concept is proposed in order to derive a consistent set of intervention levels for early (sheltering, evacuation) and late (relocation/resettlement, returning) protective actions that have to be considered in radiation emergency planning. In the first step, the dose ratios of the projected effective doses have to be calculated for four defined time periods, which correspond with the integration times ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747550 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:33:10 +0100 4747550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747549&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451318%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ono K, Yoshitake T, Hasegawa T, Ban N, Kai M In 2007, a nationwide survey was conducted to determine the frequency of CT procedures in Japan in order to compare the current use of CT among developed countries. The frequency of adult and pediatric CT scans was estimated using a model based on the results of the survey. Survey questionnaires were sent to 2,266 CT facilities: 1,068 government hospitals and 1,198 other hospitals and non-hospital medical centers. The questionnaire requested information including the number of beds, outpatients per day, type of CT scanner, various body regions scanned, and the number of scans performed. The results of the study indicate that the number of CT procedures was closely correlated with the number of hospital beds. The authors estimate tha... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747549 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:33:02 +0100 4747549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747548&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calcagnini G, Mattei E, Censi F, Triventi M, Lo Sterzo R, Marchetta E, Bartolini P This paper investigates the electromagnetic compatibility of 45 critical care medical devices (infusion pumps, defibrillators, monitors, lung ventilators, anesthesia machines and external pacemakers) with various types of wireless local area network (WLAN, IEEE 802.11 b/g, 2.45 GHz, 100 mW) adapters. Interference is evaluated by performing ad-hoc tests according to the ANSI C63.18 recommended practice. The behavior of the devices during the tests was monitored using patient simulators/device testers specific for each device class. Electromagnetic interference cases were observed in three of 45 devices at a maximum distance of 5 cm. In two cases the interference caused malfunctions that may have ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747548 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:32:53 +0100 4747548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4747547&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21451320%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lodwick CJ, Lodwick JC, Spitz HB Mathematical simulations and benchmark measurements were performed to assess the impact that normal variations in human calcium content have on in vivo K x-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in bone. Four sets of cortical bone tissue simulants were fabricated containing from 20.8% to 23.8% calcium (by weight) for measurement in a surrogate (phantom) of the human leg. The net counts detected in the coherent backscatter peak at 88.034 keV using a Cd source indicate a positive trend, with a variability of up to 17% over the range of assessed calcium content. Mathematical simulations confirm this trend and also demonstrate that the contribution of 87.3 keV Pb Kβ2 counts, which are unresolved in measurements, do not contribute significantly to t... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4747547 Mon, 25 Apr 2011 17:32:45 +0100 4747547