MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Health Physics' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:14:36 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362650&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220363%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigates the radiation streaming through the personnel access maze designed for the Taiwan Photon Source, with special interest in the characteristics of radiation fields along the labyrinth and the comparison of different estimation methods. The effect of maze orientation with respect to the beam direction has also been examined in detail. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the radiation production and transport for a beam loss occurring near a typical three-legged maze. In addition, we have also tested three factorized approximation formulae for the neutron and gamma-ray attenuation in our maze design. It was found that Cossairt's expression fits better and can predict satisfactory results for the neutron attenuation along the maze. We accordingly proposed a s... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362650 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:53 +0100 3362650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362649&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220364%26dopt%3DAbstract We present experimental results to validate the original model and its extension by developing approximate, but practical, testbed measurement techniques. The accuracy of the models is confirmed, with small relative errors: less than 5-10%. Moreover, we confirm that the greatest power is emitted when the network is saturated with traffic. Using this, we give a simple technique to quickly estimate power output based on traffic levels and give examples showing how this might be used in practice to predict current or future power output from a Wi-Fi network. PMID: 20220364 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362649 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:50 +0100 3362649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362648&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220365%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cummings F In 2010, the U.S. Department of Energy will adopt a new set of radiation weighting factors and quality factors to be consistent with values recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The change will affect the magnitude of occupational exposure assigned to radiation workers exposed to neutron radiation. Understanding the energy response of the dosimeter and the effect of the new quantities is critical to accurately ensuring that occupational exposure remains below the established regulatory limits. Therefore, the factors used to interpret dosimeter readings must be re-evaluated for each irradiation field over the range of neutron energies in which the dosimeter is used. This paper describes one method of determining the neutron response ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362648 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:47 +0100 3362648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362647&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220366%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iwamoto Y, Ronningen RM, Niita K It has been sometimes necessary for personnel to work in areas where low-energy heavy ions interact with targets or with beam transport equipment and thereby produce significant levels of radiation. Methods to predict doses and to assist shielding design are desirable. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) has been typically used to predict radiation levels around high-energy (above 100 MeV amu) heavy ion accelerator facilities. However, predictions by PHITS of radiation levels around low-energy (around 10 MeV amu) heavy ion facilities to our knowledge have not yet been investigated. The influence of the "switching time" in PHITS calculations of low-energy heavy ion reactions, defined as the time when the JAERI Quantum Molecu... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362647 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:44 +0100 3362647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362646&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220367%26dopt%3DAbstract VALIDATION TESTING OF ANSI/IEEE N42.49 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONAL EMERGENCY RADIATION DETECTORS. Health Phys. 2010 Apr;98(4):597-602 Authors: Pibida L, Minniti R, Oʼbrien M Various radiation detectors including electronic personal emergency radiation detectors (PERDs), radiochromic film cards and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to validate a subset of the radiological test requirements listed in the American National Standards Institute/The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (ANSI/IEEE) N42.49 standard. The subset of tests included the following: comparing the readout of the detectors with the value given at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); testing of the alarm settings (when applicable) in air-kerma (or exposu... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362646 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:40 +0100 3362646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362645&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220368%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a computational study of the intensity and frequency of thermoelastic pressure waves generated by RF pulses in the human head inside high-field MRI and clinical scanners. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration () guides limit the local specific absorption rate (SAR) in the body-including the head-to 8 W kg. We present results as functions of SAR and show that for a given SAR the peak acoustic pressures generated in the anatomic head model were essentially the same at 64, 300, and 400 MHz (1.5, 7.0, and 9.4 T). Pressures generated in the anatomic head are comparable to the threshold pressure of 20 mPa for sound perception by humans at the cochlea for 4 W kg. Moreover, results indicate that the peak acoustic pressure in the brain is only 2 to 3 times the auditory threshold at the U.... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362645 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:35 +0100 3362645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362644&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220369%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bevelacqua JJ The feasibility of using radiation-generating devices located within a tumor mass for radiotherapy applications is investigated. This paper presumes the existence of these devices and develops their requisite characteristics and possible arrangement configurations to permit the selective irradiation of tumors. Calculations are provided for a prototypical proton-generating device. PMID: 20220369 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362644 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:29 +0100 3362644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362643&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220370%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Karunakara N, Al-Azmi D A study on absorption of radon by different edible oils of plant origins produced and used in India was conducted in order to identify efficient radon-absorbing oils. A comparative study of radon absorption by edible oils of India with that of olive oil, which is known as a good absorber of radon, was also carried out. The study was performed by bubbling known concentrations of radon through the oil contained in a bottle and then evaluating the bubbled oil by gamma-ray spectrometry using an HPGe detector. The results show that oils such as coconut oil, gingelly oil (till oil), ground nut oil, mustard oil, sunflower oil, and saffola kardi oil are also good absorbers for radon, and among them coconut oil and gingelly oils are better absorbers than olive o... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362643 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:22 +0100 3362643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362642&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220371%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Verloock L, Joseph W, Vermeeren G, Martens L A fast and accurate measurement procedure to determine experimentally wireless local area network (WLAN) radiofrequency (RF) exposure and to test compliance with international guidelines for the general public is proposed. This is the first paper where all optimal settings for the measurement equipment (sweep time, resolution bandwidth, etc.) are investigated, selected, and validated. The exposure to WLAN access points is determined for 222 locations with 7 WLAN networks present in office environments. The WLAN exposure is also characterized for the first time in a wireless sensor lab environment (WiLab) at IBBT-Ghent University in Belgium. Average background exposure to WLAN (WiLab off) is 0.12 V m, with a 95 percentile of 0.90 V m... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362642 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:19 +0100 3362642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362641&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20220372 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362641 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:16 +0100 3362641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362640&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20220373 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362640 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:12 +0100 3362640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3362639&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20220374%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20220374 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3362639 Sat, 13 Mar 2010 18:50:07 +0100 3362639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347228&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20206031%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yazici G, Cengiz M, Akyol F PMID: 20206031 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347228 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 01:00:05 +0100 3347228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269791&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Snyder SF, Traub RJ In vivo monitoring facilities determine the absence or presence of internally entrained radionuclides. To be of greatest utility, the detection systems must detect and quantify the nuclides of interest at levels of interest. Phantoms have been developed to improve measurements at in vivo monitoring facilities. Since the 1970's, the torso phantom originally developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL, or simply "Livermore") continues to be a well-used tool at lung monitoring facilities, especially for the detection of low-energy photons from transuranics. The history of its development from need through design development and current availability is summarized. The authors have taken the LLNL phantom one step further by scanning the phantom sur... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269791 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:38 +0100 3269791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269790&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147788%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewis RK, Harley NH Employee exposures to Rn and Rn were measured in three Commonwealth fish hatcheries using specially designed personal dosimeters to determine whether remediation might be necessary. Employees utilizing the hatch house would wear the dosimeter and keep track of their time in the hatch house. Area detectors were also deployed full time in each hatch house. Exposure measurements were compared to U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limits. All measured employee exposures to Rn and Rn were very low and well below currently established regulatory limits. However, hatch house radon concentrations are significantly elevated above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269790 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:35 +0100 3269790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269789&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147789%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Levitskaia TG, Creim JA, Curry TL, Luders T, Morris JE, Woodstock AD, Levinson B, Thrall KD The acknowledged risk of deliberate release of radionuclides into local environments by terrorist activities has prompted a drive to improve novel materials and methods for removing internally deposited radionuclides. These decorporation treatments will also benefit workers in the nuclear industry, should an exposure occur. Cuprimine(R) and Syprine(R) are oral therapeutics based on the active ingredients D-penicillamine and N,N'-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrochloride, respectively. These therapeutic drugs have been used for several decades to treat Wilson's disease, a genetic defect leading to copper overload, by chelation and accelerated excretion of internally deposited ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269789 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:32 +0100 3269789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269787&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147790%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Widner TE, Flack SM The world's first atomic bomb was tested in New Mexico on 16 July 1945. From 1999 through 2008, scientists working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gathered information relevant to past releases from Los Alamos activities, including the Trinity test. Detonation on a 30.5 m tower enhanced radioactive fallout, and terrain and wind patterns caused "hot spots" of deposition. Several ranchers reported that fallout resembling flour was visible for 4 to 5 d after the blast, and residents living as close as 19 km from ground zero collected rain water from metal roofs for drinking. Pressures to maintain secrecy and avoid legal claims led to decisions that would not likely have been made in later tests. Residents were not warned before the test or i... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269787 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:29 +0100 3269787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269786&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147791%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Spelic DC, Kaczmarek RV, Hilohi MC, Moyal AE This paper reports findings from Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends surveys conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 of clinical facilities that perform routine radiographic examinations of the adult chest, abdomen, lumbosacral spine, and upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopic examinations. Randomly identified clinical facilities were surveyed in approximately 40 participating states. For the surveyed radiographic exams, additional facilities that use computed radiography or digital radiography were surveyed to ensure adequate sample sizes for determining comparative statistics. State radiation control personnel performed site visits and collected data on patient exposure, radiographic/fluoroscopic technique factors, image quality, and qua... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269786 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:26 +0100 3269786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269785&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147792%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Raabe OG The ionizing radiation dose-response relationships for internally deposited radionuclides are examined using data from humans involving Ra and laboratory animal studies involving alpha-emitters Ra, Ra, Ra, Th, Pu, Pu, and Am and beta-emitters Y, Sr, Y, and Ce. Intake routes included ingestion, inhalation, and injection. The lifetime effects are best described by three-dimensional average-dose-rate/time/response surfaces that compete with other causes of death during an individual's lifetime. Using maximum likelihood survival regression methods, the characteristic logarithmic slope for cancer induction was found to be about negative one-third for alpha-emitters or about negative two-thirds for beta-emitters. At the higher average dose-rates the principal deleterious ef... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269785 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:23 +0100 3269785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269784&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147793%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hayes JJ, Pfund J, Zouain N Enhancements in radiation detection equipment at border crossings and airports resulted in a report to our institution from a Sm-EDTMP therapy patient who was questioned after triggering radiation alarms. Using a clinical SPECT camera in its service mode, gamma-ray spectroscopy was performed on three patients whose Sm-EDTMP injections were given between 4 mo and 2 y prior to this study. The spectra revealed the presence of high-energy photon peaks characteristic of those from Eu. While the presence of Eu in Sm injections is documented in the literature, the implications of its presence are not widely known. The results of this study show that Eu (t1/2 = 8.5 y) remains in the bones in detectable amounts for several years and may create concerning sit... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269784 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:21 +0100 3269784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269783&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kramer GH, Capello K, Chiang A, Cardenas-Mendez E, Sabourin T The National Internal Radiation Assessment Section's Human Monitoring Laboratory (HML) has purchased and developed a number of in-house tools to create and edit voxel phantoms. This paper describes the methodology developed in the HML using those tools to prepare input files for Monte Carlo simulations using voxel phantoms. Three examples are given. The in-house tools described in this paper, and the phantoms that have been created using them, are all publically available upon request from the corresponding author. PMID: 20147794 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269783 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:18 +0100 3269783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269782&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147795%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20147795 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269782 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:15 +0100 3269782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269781&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147796%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20147796 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269781 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:08 +0100 3269781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3269779&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20147797%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 20147797 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3269779 Sat, 13 Feb 2010 16:52:05 +0100 3269779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179073&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20071754%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows a measurable RIC present in MRI RF coils. This unwanted current could be possibly detrimental to the signal to noise ratio in MRI and produce image artifacts. PMID: 20071754 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179073 Sat, 16 Jan 2010 17:04:05 +0100 3179073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172443&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065671%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, biodosimetry techniques have different properties, and knowledge of their properties for meeting the different needs for different stages will result in their most effective use in a nuclear disaster mass-casualty event. PMID: 20065671 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172443 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:20:10 +0100 3172443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172442&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065672%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Simon SL, Bouville A, Kleinerman R Biodosimetry measurements can potentially be an important and integral part of the dosimetric methods used in long-term studies of health risk following radiation exposure. Such studies rely on accurate estimation of doses to the whole body or to specific organs of individuals in order to derive reliable estimates of cancer risk. However, dose estimates based on analytical dose reconstruction (i.e., models) or personnel monitoring measurements (i.e., film badges) can have substantial uncertainty. Biodosimetry can potentially reduce uncertainty in health risk studies by corroboration of model-based dose estimates or by using them to assess bias in dose models. While biodosimetry has begun to play a more significant role in long-term health ris... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172442 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:20:08 +0100 3172442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172441&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065673%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gougelet RM, Rea ME, Nicolalde RJ, Geiling JA, Swartz HM Few natural disasters or intentional acts of war or terrorism have the potential for such severe impact upon a population and infrastructure as the intentional detonation of a nuclear device within a major U.S. city. In stark contrast to other disasters or even a "dirty bomb," hundreds of thousands will be affected and potentially exposed to a clinically significant dose of ionizing radiation. This will result in immediate deaths and injuries and subsequently the development of Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). Additionally, millions more who are unlikely to develop ARS will seek medical evaluation and treatment, overwhelming the capacity of an already compromised medical system. In this paper, the authors propose that in ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172441 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:20:05 +0100 3172441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172440&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065674%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study an integrative approach for the evaluation and development of a physical biodosimetry technology was applied based on in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry. The EPR measurements are based on physical changes in tissues whose magnitudes are not affected by the factors that can confound biologically-based assessments. In this study the use of a pilot simulation exercise to evaluate an experimental EPR system and gather stakeholders' feedback early on in the development process is described. The exercise involved: ten non-irradiated participants, representatives from a local fire department; Department of Homeland Security certified exercise evaluators, EPR experts, physicians; and a human factors engineer. Stakeholders were in agreement that the EPR technology... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172440 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:20:03 +0100 3172440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172439&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065675%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rea ME, Gougelet RM, Nicolalde RJ, Geiling JA, Swartz HM A catastrophic event such as a nuclear device detonation in a major U.S. city would cause a mass casualty with millions affected. Such a disaster would require screening to accurately and effectively identify patients likely to develop acute radiation syndrome (ARS). A primary function of such screening is to sort the unaffected, or worried-well, from those patients who will truly become symptomatic. This paper reviews the current capability of high-accuracy biodosimetry methods as screening tools for populations and reviews the current triage and medical guidelines for diagnosing and managing ARS. This paper proposes that current triage categories, which broadly categorize patients by likelihood of survival based on cur... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172439 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:20:00 +0100 3172439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172438&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065676%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ledney GD, Elliott TB Combined injuries, which are expected after a radiation dispersal device release or nuclear weapon detonation, are the combination of radiation exposure and tissue injuries from blast and thermal energy. To determine the impact of such trauma, mice were used to (1) evaluate the consequences of skin tissue injuries after various qualities and doses of radiation and (2) document substances that increase survival from radiation injury. Female 12- to 20-wk-old mice weighing 23 +/- 3 g received dorsal skin burns or wounds (15% total body skin surface) under methoxyflurane anesthesia before or after irradiation in this study approved by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Methoxyflurane is analge... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172438 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:57 +0100 3172438 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172437&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065677%26dopt%3DAbstract This study's objective was to evaluate several currently available biomarkers that can provide early diagnostic triage information after radiation exposure. Hematology and blood chemistry measurements were performed on samples derived from a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta; n = 8) total-body irradiation (TBI) model (6.5-Gy Co gamma rays at 0.6 Gy min). The results from this study demonstrate: a) time course for changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) (-2 d to 15 d after TBI); b) time-dependent (-2 d, 1-4 d after TBI) changes in blood cell counts [i.e., lymphocytes decrease to 5-8% of pre-study levels at 1 to 4 d after TBI; ratio of neutrophil to lymphocytes increases by 44 +/- 18 (p = 0.016), 12 +/- 4 (p = 0.001), 8 +/- 2 (p = 0.0020), and 5.0 +/- 2 (p = 0.002) fold at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days aft... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172437 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:54 +0100 3172437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172436&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065678%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Riecke A, Ruf CG, Meineke V Accidental exposure to ionizing radiation leads to damage on different levels of the biological organization of an organism. Depending on exposure conditions, such as the nature of radiation, time and affected organs and organ systems, the clinical endpoint of radiation damage and the resulting acute and chronic radiation syndromes may vary to a great extent. Exposure situations range from purely localized radiation scenarios and partial-body exposures to whole-body exposures. Therefore, clinical pictures vary from localized radiation injuries up to the extreme situation of radiation-induced multi-organ involvement and failure requiring immediate, intensive, and interdisciplinary medical treatment. These totally different and complex clinical situat... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172436 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:52 +0100 3172436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172435&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065679%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Christie DH, Chu MC, Carr Z For the public health management of radiation emergencies, one of the essential components of integrated risk assessment is to quickly and accurately assess and categorize the exposure. In addition to other methods, biodosimetry is instrumental to support decision-making for: 1) efficient secondary triage in a hospital response phase; 2) multi-parameter approach for defining best-treatment strategies for those severely exposed; 3) clinical prognosis and assessment of risk; and 4) reassurance and psychological support for those potentially exposed, or "worried-well." In large-scale events, the number of victims, and especially those worried-well, is likely to overwhelm hospital and laboratory capacities in the accident area. This is already being add... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172435 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:49 +0100 3172435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172434&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065680%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grace MB, Moyer BR, Prasher J, Cliffer KD, Ramakrishnan N, Kaminski J, Coleman CN, Manning RG, Maidment BW, Hatchett R A large-scale radiological incident would result in an immediate critical need to assess the radiation doses received by thousands of individuals to allow for prompt triage and appropriate medical treatment. Measuring absorbed doses of ionizing radiation will require a system architecture or a system of platforms that contains diverse, integrated diagnostic and dosimetric tools that are accurate and precise. For large-scale incidents, rapidity and ease of screening are essential. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health is the focal point within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for basic re... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172434 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:47 +0100 3172434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172433&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brengues M, Paap B, Bittner M, Amundson S, Seligmann B, Korn R, Lenigk R, Zenhausern F This paper reports the development of a biodosimetry device suitable for rapidly measuring expression levels of a low-density gene set that can define radiation exposure, dose and injury in a public health emergency. The platform comprises a set of 14 genes selected on the basis of their abundance and differential expression level in response to radiation from an expression profiling series measuring 41,000 transcripts. Gene expression is analyzed through direct signal amplification using a quantitative Nuclease Protection Assay (qNPA). This assay can be configured as either a high-throughput microplate assay or as a handheld detection device for individual point-of-care assays. Recently, we... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172433 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:44 +0100 3172433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172432&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065682%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sharma M, Halligan BD, Wakim BT, Savin VJ, Cohen EP, Moulder JE Victims of nuclear accidents or radiological terrorism are likely to receive varying doses of ionizing radiation inhomogeneously distributed over the body. Early biomarkers may be useful in determining organ-specific doses due to total body irradiation (TBI) or partial body irradiation. The authors used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to compare the effect of TBI and local kidney irradiation (LKI) on the rat urine proteome using a single 10-Gy dose of x-rays. Both TBI and LKI altered the urinary protein profile within 24 h with noticeable differences in gene ontology categories. Some proteins, including fetuin-B, tissue kallikrein, beta-glucuronidase, vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein and cho... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172432 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:41 +0100 3172432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172431&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065683%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides proof of the concept that serum protein profiling can be used to identify biomarkers of radiation exposure and the emergence of radiation-sequelae in this rat model, and this approach could be easily applied to other systems to identify radiation biomarkers. PMID: 20065683 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172431 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:38 +0100 3172431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172430&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065684%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ossetrova NI, Sandgren DJ, Gallego S, Blakely WF Early treatment of populations exposed to ionizing radiation requires accurate and rapid biodosimetry with a precision as high as possible to determine an individual's exposure level and risk for morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of multiple blood biomarkers for early-response assessment of radiation exposure using a murine (BALB/c, males) in vivo radiation model. Present results for mice exposed to whole-body Co gamma-rays (0.1 Gy min) over a broad dose range (0-7 Gy) demonstrate at 24 h after exposure: 1) dose-dependent increase in the acute phase protein serum amyloid A or SAA; 2) dose-dependent changes in blood cell counts (lymphocytes, neutrophils, and ratio of neutrophils to lym... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172430 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:36 +0100 3172430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172429&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065685%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Garty G, Chen Y, Salerno A, Turner H, Zhang J, Lyulko O, Bertucci A, Xu Y, Wang H, Simaan N, Randers-Pehrson G, Yao YL, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ In response to the recognized need for high throughput biodosimetry methods for use after large-scale radiological events, a logical approach is complete automation of standard biodosimetric assays that are currently performed manually. The authors describe progress to date on the RABIT (Rapid Automated BIodosimetry Tool), designed to score micronuclei or gamma-H2AX fluorescence in lymphocytes derived from a single drop of blood from a fingerstick. The RABIT system is designed to be completely automated, from the input of the capillary blood sample into the machine to the output of a dose estimate. Improvements in throughput are achiev... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172429 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:33 +0100 3172429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172428&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065686%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen Y, Tsai Y, Nowak I, Wang N, Hyrien O, Wilkins R, Ferrarotto C, Sun H, Dertinger SD Automation of radiation biodosimetry is one of the top priority tasks considered by the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Homeland Security Council in preparation for the nation's readiness for a possible radionuclear terrorist attack. The Center for Biophysical Assessment and Risk Management Following Irradiation, a consortium of researchers and institutions centered at the University of Rochester, has been investigating automated scoring of radiation-induced micronucleus formation in reticulocytes for high-throughput radiation biodosimetry. The collaborative project is based on a commercially-available product by Litron Laboratories in Rochester, New York. The study was desi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172428 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:31 +0100 3172428 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172427&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065687%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kaspler P, Hyrien O, Hill RP Micronuclei (MN) were assessed in dermal fibroblasts from C3H HeJ and C57 Bl6 mice (6-10 mo of age) irradiated in vivo as a potential method of biodosimetry. Radiation-induced MN [per 1,000 binucleated (BN) cells], assessed in fibroblasts obtained 1 d post-irradiation, increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 1 - 10 Gy per single dose. Analysis at 1 wk post irradiation showed some attenuation of MN response in C3H HeJ male mice, suggesting partial recovery of DNA damage. This was not observed in C57 Bl6 mice. Monomicronucleated cells predominated in unirradiated fibroblasts, whereas in irradiated fibroblasts multimicronucleated cells predominated at dose levels above about 5 Gy (more than 1,000 MN per 1,000 BN cells). Modeling of the da... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172427 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:28 +0100 3172427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172426&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065688%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fenech M The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay is one of the best-validated methods for measuring chromosome damage in human lymphocytes. This paper describes the methodology, biology, and mechanisms underlying the application of this technique for biodosimetry following exposure to ionizing radiation. Apart from the measurement of micronuclei, it is also possible to measure other important biomarkers within the CBMN Cyt assay that are relevant to radiation biodosimetry. These include nucleoplasmic bridges, which are an important additional measure of radiation-induced damage that originate from dicentric chromosomes as well as the proportion of dividing cells and cells undergoing cell death. A brief account is also given of current developments in the aut... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172426 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:26 +0100 3172426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172425&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065689%26dopt%3DAbstract This article summarizes current knowledge on partial-body cytogenetic dose assessment, synthesizing information leading to the proposal of an approach to triage dose prediction in radiation mass casualties that is based on equivalent whole-body doses under partial-body exposure conditions and assesses the validity of using this model. An initial screening using only 20 metaphase spreads per subject can confirm irradiation above 2 Gy. A subsequent increase to 50 metaphases improves dose determination to allow risk stratification for clinical triage. Metaphases evaluated for inhomogeneous distribution of dicentrics can reveal partial-body exposures. The authors tested the validity of this approach in an in vitro model that simulates partial-body irradiation by mixing irradiated and un-irradi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172425 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:23 +0100 3172425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172424&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065690%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hadjidekova V, Hristova R, Ainsbury EA, Atanasova P, Popova L, Staynova A This paper details the construction of a 137Cs gamma calibration curve that has been established for dicentric assay and the testing and validation of the curve through biological dosimetry in three situations of suspected workplace overexposure that arose accidentally or through negligence or lack of appropriate safety measures. The three situations were: (1) suspected 137Cs contamination in a factory air supply; (2) suspected exposure to an industrial 192Ir source; and (3) accidental exposure of construction workers to radiation from a 60Co radiotherapy source in a hospital medical physics department. From a total of 24 potentially-exposed subjects, only one worker was found to have a statistically sig... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172424 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:21 +0100 3172424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172423&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065691%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alexanin SS, Slozina NM, Neronova EG, Makarova NV The aim of this investigation was to reveal a possible correlation between chromosomal aberrations and the health status of Chernobyl clean-up workers who suffered from a low dose of ionizing radiation. Unstable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated in 491 Chernobyl clean-up workers. Information about lifestyle factors (all persons) and medical history (212 persons) was collected. Connections between the rate of chromosomal aberrations and some types of diseases were found. It was also found that Chernobyl clean-up workers with oncological diseases and hypertension had increased rates of chromosomal aberrations. Positive correlations between the grade of hypertension and the level of chromoso... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172423 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:18 +0100 3172423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172422&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beinke C, Braselmann H, Meineke V The dicentric assay was established to carry out cytogenetic biodosimetry after suspected radiation overexposure, including a comprehensive documentation system to record the processing of the specimen, all data, results, and stored information. As an essential prerequisite for retrospective radiation dose assessment, a dose-response curve for dicentric induction by in vitro x-ray irradiation of peripheral blood samples was produced. The accelerating potential was 240 kV (maximum photon energy: 240 keV). A total of 8,377 first-division metaphases of four healthy volunteers were analyzed after exposure to doses ranging from 0.2 to 4.0 Gy at a dose rate of 1.0 Gy min. The background level of aberrations at 0-dose was determined by the analysis o... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172422 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:15 +0100 3172422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172421&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065693%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Furukawa A, Minamihisamatsu M, Hayata I In counting chromosome aberrations at low-dose radiation exposure in biological dosimetry, an automation technique has been required to process a large number of sample preparations. The metaphase finder is an automated optical microscope system, which automatically scans and finds metaphase cells on the slide glass in low magnification and relocates metaphase cells to the center of the field of view of the microscope to observe chromosomes in high magnification. The authors have constructed a cost-effective metaphase finder system by assembling commercially-available components, such as microscopes, motorized sample stages, personal computers and general-purpose image analysis software, instead of purchasing one dedicated system. The ne... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172421 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:12 +0100 3172421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172420&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065694%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flegal FN, Devantier Y, McNamee JP, Wilkins RC The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) is the gold-standard assay for accurately estimating unknown radiological doses to individuals following radiological or nuclear accidents. However in a mass-casualty scenario, this assay is not well suited for providing timely dose estimates due to its time- and expertise-intensive nature. In Canada, two approaches are being developed in an attempt to increase triage-quality biological dosimetry throughput. These are 1) increasing the number of trained personnel capable of conducting the DCA, and 2) evaluating alternative biodosimetry approaches or DCA variations. In a recent exercise, a new scoring technique (termed DCA QuickScan) was evaluated as an alternative rapid-scoring approach. Triage... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172420 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:10 +0100 3172420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172419&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065695%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Graessle DH, Fliedner TM After accidental radiation exposure, one of the most significant health impairments is the partial or complete failure of the blood forming systems. Depending on the degree of damage, a suitable therapy must be prepared in time. This requires the assessment of the degree of damage of the blood-forming system and, in particular, of the stem-cell pool. A new approach for assessing the degree of hematopoietic impairment based on dynamic reactions of blood counts immediately following radiation exposure is presented. Cell kinetic mathematical models of blood cell turnover, neural networks, and expert-assessed clinical data records of historical radiation accidents are combined to provide a method for automatic classification of patients and to assign them ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172419 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:07 +0100 3172419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172418&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065696%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ainsbury EA, Lloyd DC Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome damage in blood lymphocytes is widely used for radiation biodosimetry. Mathematical and statistical analysis is extremely important for accurate assessment of the data and results, and there are a number of classical statistical methods which are routinely employed. However, the large number of different mathematical techniques, the dependence of the models on certain statistical principles, and the complexity of some of the methods can lead to errors in data analysis and thus misinterpretation of results. Cytogenetic dose estimation software has been developed to address these problems by simplifying mathematical and statistical analysis of the cytogenetic data. "Dose Estimate" is a collection of mathematical and statis... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172418 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:05 +0100 3172418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172417&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065697%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Romanyukha A, Reyes RA, Trompier F, Benevides LA A summary of recent developments in fingernail EPR dosimetry is presented in this paper. Until 2007, there had been a very limited number of studies of radiation-induced signals in fingernails. Although these studies showed some promising results, they were not complete with regard to the nature of non-radiation signals and the variability of dose dependence in fingernails. Recent study has shown that the two non-radiation components of the EPR spectrum of fingernails are originated from mechanical stress induced in the samples at their cut. The mechanical properties of fingernails were found to be very similar to those of a sponge; therefore, an effective way to eliminate their mechanical deformation is by soaking them in water... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172417 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:03 +0100 3172417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172416&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065698%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Black PJ, Swarts SG A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the radicals underlying the radiation-induced signal (RIS) in fingernails was conducted in an attempt to identify properties of these radicals that could be used for biodosimetry purposes. A qualitative analysis of RIS showed the presence of at least three components, two of which were observed at low doses (<50 Gy) and the third required higher doses (>500 Gy). The low dose signal, obtained by reconstruction, consists of a 10 gauss singlet at g = 2.0053 and an 18 gauss doublet centered at g = 2.0044. Based on the initial slope of the dose-response curve, the chemical (radical) yields of the radicals giving rise to the singlet and doublet were 327 (+/-113) and 122 (+/-9) nmol J-1 (standard error, SE), respect... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172416 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:19:00 +0100 3172416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172415&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065699%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilcox DE, He X, Gui J, Ruuge AE, Li H, Williams BB, Swartz HM Exposure of fingernails and toenails to ionizing radiation creates radicals that are stable over a relatively long period (days to weeks) and characterized by an isotropic EPR signal at g = 2.003 (so-called radiation-induced signal, RIS). This signal in readily obtained fingernail parings has the potential to be used in screening a population for exposure to radiation and determining individual dose to guide medical treatment. However, the mechanical harvesting of fingernail parings also creates radicals, and their EPR signals (so-called mechanically-induced signals, MIS) overlap the g approximately 2.0 region, interfering with efforts to quantify the RIS and, therefore, the radiation dose. Careful analysis of the ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172415 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:57 +0100 3172415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172414&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065700%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Suzuki H, Tamukai K, Yoshida N, Ohya H, Kato K, Anzai K, Swartz HM The aims of this study were to develop and improve the sensitivity of an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer and to demonstrate its functionality for dosimetry in measuring ESR signals from radiation-exposed fingernails. The newly-developed spectrometer was a lightweight (22 kg) one-box ESR device with a resonator showing a Q-factor higher than that of a previous Keycom model, which is quieter, without influence from magnetic modulation, and contains a fingernail positioner. The authors obtained the best measurement result after the cavity Q-factor was increased to more than 7,200 by continuous polishing of the inner surface of the cavity using deerskin. The common mode noise of "magic T" was also succes... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172414 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:55 +0100 3172414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172413&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065701%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rudko VV, Vorona IP, Baran NP, Ishchenko SS, Zatovsky IV, Chumakova LS Biological apatites (tooth enamel, bone) and their synthetic analogues were exposed to gamma rays, UV light, or thermal treatment and studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The thermal generation of CO2- radicals in synthetic apatite was observed for the first time. It was shown that the experimental EPR spectra of all of the above-mentioned materials are caused by the contribution of two types of CO2- radicals: axial and orthorhombic. The ratio of their concentrations depends on the characteristic energy of the external influence (i.e., the energy of quantum for radiation or kT for thermal treatment) and also on the quality of the initial material (defectiveness). Based on the analysis of EPR sp... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172413 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:52 +0100 3172413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172412&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065702%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Williams BB, Dong R, Kmiec M, Burke G, Demidenko E, Gladstone D, Nicolalde RJ, Sucheta A, Lesniewski P, Swartz HM The development of in vivo EPR has made it feasible to perform tooth dosimetry measurements in situ, greatly expanding the potential for using this approach for immediate screening after radiation exposures. The ability of in vivo tooth dosimetry to provide estimates of absorbed dose has been established through a series of experiments using unirradiated volunteers with specifically irradiated molar teeth placed in situ within gaps in their dentition and in natural canine teeth of patients who have completed courses of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers. Multiple measurements in patients who have received radiation therapy demonstrate the expected heteroge... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172412 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:50 +0100 3172412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172411&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065703%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pollock JD, Williams BB, Sidabras JW, Grinberg O, Salikhov I, Lesniewski P, Kmiec M, Swartz HM Finite element analysis is used to evaluate and design L-band surface loop resonators for in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tooth dosimetry. This approach appears to be practical and useful for the systematic examination and evaluation of resonator configurations to enhance the precision of dose estimates. The effects of loop positioning in the mouth are examined, and it is shown that the sensitivity to loop position along a row of molars is decreased as the loop is moved away from the teeth. PMID: 20065703 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172411 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:47 +0100 3172411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172410&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065704%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ivannikov AI, Sanin D, Nalapko M, Skvortsov VF, Stepanenko VF, Tsyb AF, Trompier F, Zhumadilov K, Hoshi M The aim of this investigation is to find out the optimal algorithm for mathematical processing of the EPR spectra of irradiated tooth enamel for estimating the amplitude of the radiation-induced signal, which is used for determination of the absorbed dose in enamel for retrospective individual dosimetry. A recently developed analytical model, which takes into account the line shape variation of the enamel EPR spectral components registered at different microwave power, was applied to spectra processing in various operation modes to simulate spectra processing techniques differing by the number of fitted parameters. The precision of dose determination at spectra processing ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172410 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:45 +0100 3172410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172409&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065705%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toyoda S, Hino Y, Romanyukha AA, Tarasov O, Pivovarov SP, Hoshi M Imaging plates sensitive to beta rays were used to obtain the images of 90Sr in tooth samples taken from mammals collected in contaminated areas of the former Soviet Union. The average concentrations of 90Sr in the samples were determined by comparing the intensities of the luminescence using a single crystal of KCl. The results showed that the determined 90Sr concentration has a positive correlation with the soil contamination levels in the South Ural region. Tooth samples from both inside of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and the villages nearby have detectable amounts of 90Sr, indicating the possible presence of residual soil contamination. The present study demonstrates that using imaging plates is a ve... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172409 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:42 +0100 3172409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172408&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065706%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sholom S, Desrosiers M, Chumak V, Luckyanov N, Simon SL, Bouville A The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on ionizing radiation biodosimetry were studied in human tooth enamel samples using the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in X-band. For samples in the form of grains, UV-specific EPR spectra were spectrally distinct from those produced by exposure to gamma radiation. From larger enamel samples, the UV penetration depth was determined to be in the 60-120 mum range. The difference in EPR spectra from UV exposure and from exposure to gamma radiation samples was found to be a useful marker of UV equivalent dose (defined as the apparent contribution to the gamma dose in mGy that results from UV radiation absorption) in tooth enamel. This concept was prelim... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172408 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:40 +0100 3172408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172407&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065707%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khailov AM, Ivannikov AI, Skvortsov VG, Stepanenko VF, Tsyb AF, Trompier F, Hoshi M In the present study, MCNP4B simulation code is used to simulate neutron and photon transport. It gives the conversion coefficients that relate neutron fluence to the dose in tooth enamel (molars and pre-molars only) for 20 energy groups of monoenergetic neutrons with energies from 10-9 to 20 MeV for five different irradiation geometries. The data presented are intended to provide the basis for connection between EPR dose values and standard protection quantities defined in ICRP Publication 74. The results of the calculations for critical organs were found to be consistent with ICRP data, with discrepancies generally less than 10% for the fast neutrons. The absorbed dose in enamel was found to ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172407 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:37 +0100 3172407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172406&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kirillov V, Kuchuro J, Tolstik S, Leonova T Dose reconstruction for citizens of Belarus affected by the Chernobyl accident showed an unexpectedly wide range of doses. Using the EPR tooth enamel dosimetry method, it has been demonstrated that when the tooth enamel dose was formed due to x-rays with effective energy of 34 keV and the additional irradiation of enamel samples was performed by gamma radiation with mean energy of 1,250 keV, it led to a considerable increase in the reconstructed absorbed dose as compared with the applied. In the case when the dose was formed due to gamma radiation and the additional irradiation was performed by x-rays, it led to a considerable decrease in the reconstructed dose as compared with the applied. When the dose formation and the additional ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172406 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:35 +0100 3172406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172405&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065709%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen F, Ramirez JV, Nicolucci P, Baffa O Blends of L-alanine (85% weight proportion) with KI (10%) and with PbI2 (10%), these last two compounds acting as dopants, and with PVA (5%) acting as binder, were prepared in water at 80 degrees C. A blend of pure L-alanine (95%) with PVA (5%) was also prepared. The three blends were irradiated with photon beams of different energies (120 kV, Co, and 10 MV) to a unique dose of 30 Gy to compare their sensitivities for those three energies. EPR spectra of the three irradiated blends were recorded in a K-Band spectrometer (24 GHz) taking aliquots of about 4 mg for each blend. The energy sensitivity of a blend was defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of its EPR spectrum central line. For the Co energy (1.25 MeV) the blends presented pract... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172405 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:32 +0100 3172405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172404&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065710%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trompier F, Bassinet C, Clairand I In case of acute exposure to ionizing radiation, the dose absorbed by the victims has to be rapidly and accurately assessed in order to choose an appropriate medical treatment. Tooth enamel and bone biopsies measured by EPR spectrometry are often used as dose indicators, due to the good radiation sensitivity and the stability of EPR radiation-sensitive signals. Nevertheless, the invasive sampling of teeth and bones limits the application of this technique to retrospective dosimetry. Therefore, we have investigated an alternative non-invasive methodology. We have surveyed with EPR spectrometry the dosimetric properties of the plastics that can be found in personal effects such as glasses (CR-39, polycarbonate), mobile phones (PMMA, polycarbona... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172404 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:29 +0100 3172404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172403&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065711%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sholom S, Chumak V Radiation-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals were studied in samples of plastic materials of various origin: buttons, details of underwear, elements of mobile phones, etc. The following parameters were investigated: dose response curve in the range 0-25 Gy; stability of potential dosimetric signals at different temperatures of storage after exposure; and influence of solar radiation on the dosimetric properties of materials. Plastics from personal goods were found to be a potentially acceptable material for use as individual EPR dosimeters with sensitivity threshold below 5 Gy. Radiation-induced EPR signals in plastic demonstrated clear saturation for doses above 10 Gy. Fading of dosimetric signals was best described by the two-exponential... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172403 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:27 +0100 3172403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172402&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065712%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bassinet C, Trompier F, Clairand I Retrospective dosimetry using glass has been investigated. Radiation-induced signals have been surveyed for a large number of watch glasses and display windows of mobile phones with TL and EPR techniques in order to study the variability of dosimetric properties among the different types of samples. Dose response, signal stability, and effects of storage conditions are presented. PMID: 20065712 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172402 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:24 +0100 3172402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172401&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065713%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kinoshita A, José FA, Baffa O In case of a radiological accident, it is important to determine the exposure to radiation of the general population. Several materials can be used to reconstruct the exposed dose. Tooth enamel has been studied for a long time, and now the procedures to determine the dose are well established for in vitro measurements. Many materials have been investigated by different techniques: sugar, wall bricks, roof tiles, plastics, watch glass, ruby present in watches, medicines carried by persons and shell button, among others. In this work an attempt is made to use sweeteners as a possible accident dosimeter material because they are becoming increasingly common. Sweeteners based on saccharine, cyclamate, stevia, and aspartame were acquired in local ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172401 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:22 +0100 3172401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172400&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onischuk VA, de Boer J, Levon AI, Maksimenko VM, Wurkner M, Zaitov VR, Bugay OA The response of alanine and barium dithionate EPR dosimeters to proton irradiation with energies ranging from 6.6-25 MeV has been investigated. EPR dosimeters were calibrated using calibrated gamma sources. Alanine dosimeters show a value 29% higher than those obtained by a Markus chamber at the same energy, and barium dithionate shows a value 22% smaller. The response of the EPR dosimeters to irradiation at a mean dose of about 40 Gy depends on the proton energy. Using experimental data, the yield of the radicals in the tracks for the alanine pellets was calculated. The yield of the radicals was determined to be proportional to the linear energy transfer (LET) on the straight-line length of the pr... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172400 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:19 +0100 3172400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172399&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blackwell BA, Gong JJ, Skinner AR, Blais-Stevens A, Nelson RE, Blickstein JI Barnacles have never been successfully dated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Living mainly in the intertidal zone, barnacles die when sea level changes cause their permanent exposure. Thus, dating the barnacles dates past sea level changes. From this, we can measure apparent sea level changes that occur due to ocean volume changes, crustal isostasy, and tectonics. ESR can date aragonitic mollusc shells ranging in age from 5 ka to at least 500 ka. By modifying the standard ESR method for molluscs to chemically dissolve 20 microm from off the shells, six barnacle samples from Norridgewock, Maine, and Khyex River, British Columbia, were tested for suitability for ESR dating. Due to Mn2+ interference pe... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172399 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:16 +0100 3172399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172398&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065716%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oliveira LC, Kinoshita A, Lopes RP, Baffa O Dose evaluation by electron spin resonance (ESR) is usually accomplished by constructing a dose-response curve by measuring the peak-to-peak intensity of the dosimetric signals in the g = 2 region. In several cases, this signal is overlapped with others that can interfere with dose reconstruction. In this work a new method to correct the spectrum before the measurement of the signal intensity is proposed. Examples of dose determination of accumulated dose (AD) of two fossil teeth from southern Brazilian megafauna are given. One of them presents a dose-independent signal in the region of interest, and the validity of this method is shown. For the other, without interfering signals, no difference in the AD was found. This method can al... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172398 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:14 +0100 3172398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172397&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065717%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dewitt R, Klein DM, Yukihara EG, Simon SL, McKeever SW Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of dental enamel are discussed with a view to the development of an in vivo dose assessment technique for medical triage following a radiological/nuclear accident or terrorist event. In the OSL technique, past radiation exposure is assessed by stimulating the sample with light of one wavelength and monitoring the luminescence at another wavelength, under the assumption that the luminescence originates from the recombination of radiation-induced charges trapped at metastable defects in the enamel and that the intensity of the luminescence signal is in proportion to the absorbed radiation dose. Several primary findings emerged from this research: (a) sensitivities varied con... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172397 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:11 +0100 3172397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172396&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20065718%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bassinet C, Trompier F, Clairand I In the event of large-scale radiation accidents and considering a growing terrorism concern, non-invasive and sufficiently accurate retrospective dosimetry methods are necessary to carry out a fast population triage in order to determine which radiation-exposed individuals need medical treatment. Retrospective dosimetry using different electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits present on mobile phone circuit boards have been considered. Their response has been investigated with luminescence techniques (OSL, IRSL, and TL). The majority of these electronic components exhibit radiation-induced luminescence signals, and the OSL technique seems the most promising for these materials. Results concerning three type... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172396 Thu, 14 Jan 2010 20:18:09 +0100 3172396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3172395&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20068440%26dopt%3DAbstract We report a systematic, retrospective case review of an active-duty Army sergeant who sustained a C5 American Spinal Cord Injury Association Impairment Scale A spinal cord injury while serving in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The patient's acute rehabilitation was complicated by an Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex infection, in the blood and urine, contracted while in Iraq. Isolation protocols were designed to enable regular hands-on contact for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, transfers, wheelchair fitting, mobility training, and environmental control. After 1 mo of comprehensive acute interdisciplinary rehabilitation, delivered in a single room on the spinal cord injury unit, the patient acquired functional skills comparable with other complete C5 tetraplegics in our un... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3172395 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3172395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130025&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robison WL, Hamilton TF Radiation doses calculated for people resettling Bikini Island at Bikini Atoll, Enjebi Island at Enewetak Atoll, Rongelap Island at Rongelap Atoll, and Utrōk Island at Utrōk Atoll are presented. Residence is assumed to begin in 2010. In previous dose assessments it was shown that (137)Cs accounts for about 98% of the total dose for returning residents. About 85 to 90% (depending on the atoll) is via consumption of locally grown foods containing (137)Cs, and about 10 to 15% is due to external exposure from (137)Cs in the soil. These assessments were made using only the radiological half-life of (137)Cs (30.1 y). We have shown since that there is an environmental loss of (137)Cs from soil to groundwater that results in a more rapid loss of (13... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130025 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 23:38:36 +0100 3130025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3130024&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959951%26dopt%3DAbstract This report provides a comparison of the oral decorporation efficacy of L-glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and a liposomal GSH formulation (ReadiSorb) toward systemic (60)Co to that observed following intravenous administration of GSH and Cys in F344 rats. Aminoacid L-histidine (His) containing no thiol functionality was tested intravenously to compare in vivo efficacy of the aminothiol (GSH, Cys) chelators with that of the aminoimidazole (His) chelator. In these studies, (60)Co was administered to animals by intravenous injection, followed by intravenous or oral gavage doses of a chelator repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses. The results suggest that GSH and Cys are potent decorporation agents for (60)Co in the rat model, although the efficacy of treatment depends largely... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3130024 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 23:38:13 +0100 3130024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061651&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959945%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robison WL, Hamilton TF Radiation doses calculated for people resettling Bikini Island at Bikini Atoll, Enjebi Island at Enewetak Atoll, Rongelap Island at Rongelap Atoll, and Utrōk Island at Utrōk Atoll are presented. Residence is assumed to begin in 2010. In previous dose assessments it was shown that Cs accounts for about 98% of the total dose for returning residents. About 85 to 90% (depending on the atoll) is via consumption of locally grown foods containing Cs, and about 10 to 15% is due to external exposure from Cs in the soil. These assessments were made using only the radiological half-life of Cs (30.1 y). We have shown since that there is an environmental loss of Cs from soil to groundwater that results in a more rapid loss of Cs from the atoll ecosystem.... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061651 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:44 +0100 3061651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061650&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959946%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Molokanov A, Chojnacki E, Blanchardon E The individual monitoring of internal exposure of workers comprises two steps: measurement and measurement interpretation. The latter consists in reconstructing the intake of a radionuclide from the activity measurement and calculating the dose using a biokinetic model of the radionuclide behavior in the human body. Mathematically, reconstructing the intake is solving an inverse problem described by a measurement-model equation. The aim of this paper is to propose a solution to this inverse problem when the measurement-model parameters are considered as uncertain. For that, an analysis of the uncertainty on the intake calculation is performed taking into account the dispersion of the measured quantity and the uncertainties of the measure... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061650 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:40 +0100 3061650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061649&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959947%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schnelzer M, Hammer GP, Kreuzer M, Tschense A, Grosche B The possible confounding effect of smoking on radon-associated risk for lung cancer mortality was investigated in a case-control study nested in the cohort of German uranium miners. The study included 704 miners who died of lung cancer and 1,398 controls matched individually for birth year and attained age. Smoking status was reconstructed from questionnaires and records from the mining company's health archives for 421 cases and 620 controls. Data on radon exposure were taken from a job-exposure matrix. Smoking adjusted odds ratios for lung cancer in relation to cumulative radon exposure have been calculated with conditional logistic regression. The increase in risk per Working Level Month (WLM) was assessed with a line... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061649 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:37 +0100 3061649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061648&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959948%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun K, Field RW, Steck DJ The quantitative relationships between radon gas concentration, the surface-deposited activities of various radon progeny, the airborne radon progeny dose rate, and various residential environmental factors were investigated through a Monte Carlo simulation study based on the extended Jacobi room model. Airborne dose rates were calculated from the unattached and attached potential alpha-energy concentrations (PAECs) using two dosimetric models. Surface-deposited Po and Po were significantly correlated with radon concentration, PAECs, and airborne dose rate (p-values <0.0001) in both non-smoking and smoking environments. However, in non-smoking environments, the deposited radon progeny were not highly correlated to the attached PAEC. In multiple lin... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061648 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:34 +0100 3061648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061647&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959949%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perez-Nunez D, Braby LA Neutrons produced from the interaction between galactic cosmic rays and spacecraft materials are responsible for a very important portion of the dose received by astronauts. The neutron energy spectrum depends on the incident charged particle spectrum and the scattering environment but generally extends to beyond 100 MeV. Tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPC) are used to measure the dose during the space mission, but their weight and size are very important factors for their design and construction. To achieve ideal neutron dosimetry, the wall thickness should be at least the range of a proton having the maximum energy of the neutrons to be monitored. This proton range is 0.1 cm for 10 MeV neutrons and 7.6 cm for 100 MeV neutrons. A 7.6 cm wall... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061647 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:31 +0100 3061647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061646&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959950%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wilson DA, Mohr LC, Frey GD, Lackland D, Hoel DG The Mayak Production Association (MPA) worker registry has shown evidence of plutonium-induced health effects. Workers were potentially exposed to plutonium nitrate [Pu(NO3)4] and plutonium dioxide (PuO2). Studies of plutonium-induced health effects in animal models can complement human studies by providing more specific data than is possible in human observational studies. Lung, liver, and bone cancer mortality rate ratios in the MPA worker cohort were compared to those seen in beagle dogs, and models of the excess relative risk of lung, liver, and bone cancer mortality from the MPA worker cohort were applied to data from life-span studies of beagle dogs. The lung cancer mortality rate ratios in beagle dogs are similar to those... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061646 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:28 +0100 3061646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061645&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959951%26dopt%3DAbstract This report provides a comparison of the oral decorporation efficacy of L-glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and a liposomal GSH formulation (ReadiSorb) toward systemic Co to that observed following intravenous administration of GSH and Cys in F344 rats. Aminoacid L-histidine (His) containing no thiol functionality was tested intravenously to compare in vivo efficacy of the aminothiol (GSH, Cys) chelators with that of the aminoimidazole (His) chelator. In these studies, Co was administered to animals by intravenous injection, followed by intravenous or oral gavage doses of a chelator repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses. The results suggest that GSH and Cys are potent decorporation agents for Co in the rat model, although the efficacy of treatment depends largely on the syst... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061645 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:25 +0100 3061645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061644&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959952%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was undertaken to provide reference values for relevant parameters of Chinese Reference Man. Eighteen kinds of major organ or tissue samples, including muscle, rib, liver, and so on, were obtained from autopsies of 68 healthy adult men living in four areas of China with different dietary patterns (Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi or Jiangsu provinces, including Shanghai City) who had just encountered sudden deaths. At the same time, whole blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers living in each of these areas. The concentrations of 60 elements in these samples were detected by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), neutron activation analysis (NAA), fluorometry (FL), graphite furnace at... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061644 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:22 +0100 3061644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061643&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959953%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen J, Mares V This note discusses the significant impact on effective doses received during commercial flights calculated using the new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) radiation weighting factors. It also provides an update on adult effective doses given in a previous article in Health Physics when the old ICRP radiation weighting factors were used. PMID: 19959953 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061643 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:20 +0100 3061643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061642&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959954%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guilmette RA, Parkhurst MA PMID: 19959954 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061642 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:16 +0100 3061642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061641&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959955%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lykken GI, Momcilović B PMID: 19959955 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061641 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:13 +0100 3061641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061640&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959956%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19959956 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061640 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:11 +0100 3061640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061639&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959957%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19959957 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061639 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:08 +0100 3061639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3061638&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19959958%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19959958 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3061638 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:36:05 +0100 3061638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985300&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901585%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Roessler GS PMID: 19901585 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985300 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:59 +0100 2985300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985299&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901586%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poston J PMID: 19901586 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985299 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:56 +0100 2985299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985298&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901587%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cherry RN PMID: 19901587 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985298 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:54 +0100 2985298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985297&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901588%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lewandowski M PMID: 19901588 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985297 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:52 +0100 2985297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985296&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901589%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19901589 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985296 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:49 +0100 2985296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985295&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901590%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Milligan PA PMID: 19901590 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985295 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:47 +0100 2985295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985294&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baumgaertner F, Yankovich TL, Kim SB Formation and depuration of non-exchangeable organically bound tritium (OBT) is measured in mussel dry tissue on expanding time scales. The OBT course of time is analyzed by means of the Verhulst logistic growth function. Two separate routes are found as well for OBT formation as depuration, i.e., restoration of organically bound hydrogen (OBH). Routes which arrive at saturation earlier than sampling started are assigned to respiration. Other routes which start with one-day delay are attributed to metabolc pathways. The metabolic route of OBT formation includes, in addition to the logistic growth function, one rapid mechanism with </=0.01 d half-time. This rapid OBT formation comprises about 75% of the metabolic OBT formation yield. Abou... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985294 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:44 +0100 2985294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985293&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Han B, Bednarz B, Xu XG A Monte Carlo-based procedure has been developed to assess the shielded fetal doses from 6 MV external photon beam radiation treatments and improve upon existing techniques that are based on AAPM Task Group Report 36 (TG-36). Anatomically realistic models of the pregnant patient representing 3- and 6-mo gestational stages were implemented into the MCNPX code together with a detailed accelerator model that is capable of simulating scattered and leakage radiation from the accelerator head. The phantom was shielded using suggested lead and Cerrobend in different locations and with different thicknesses. Absorbed doses to the fetus both with and without shielding were calculated considering typical mantle, head and neck, and brain treatment plans. The unshi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985293 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:42 +0100 2985293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985292&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901593%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daka JN, Kramer GH The Canadian National Calibration Reference Center (NCRC) for Bioassay and In Vivo Monitoring is part of the Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada. The NCRC operates three performance testing programs that are designed to confirm that workplace monitoring results are accurate and provide the necessary external verification that is part of a comprehensive quality assurance program. The NCRC performance testing programs cover the in vitro, in vivo, and internal dosimetry parts of Canadian facilities' radiation protection programs. The internal dosimetry performance testing is a new addition to the performance testing suite. This summary also describes the recent reorganization of the NCRC. PMID: 19901593 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985292 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:39 +0100 2985292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985291&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901594%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yakoumakis E, Karlatira M, Gialousis G, Dimitriadis A, Makri T, Georgiou E Computed tomography provides high-resolution imaging of the human body. However, it contributes mainly to the doses on the population. Additionally, the fact that children are two to three times more sensitive to the x rays compared to the adults results in the increased need of taking action for the reduction of the dose regarding the computed tomography examinations. The first part of this paper presents the results of an investigation on the variation of doses to children while the second part compares those results with the European standards. This project took place in twelve hospitals distributed throughout the country. The weighted computed dose-index and the dose length product were calculated f... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985291 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:37 +0100 2985291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985290&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901595%26dopt%3DAbstract This report describes a theoretical model of the response of Rn detectors that are based on radon absorption and electrochemical etching of alpha-tracks in polycarbonates. The model is based on the volume distribution of the absorbed Rn and the response function of electrochemically etched Makrofol. Theoretical expression for the calibration factor is obtained, and comparison with experimental results is made. The comparison demonstrates very good correspondence between theoretical and experimental values. The conclusion is that this model can be useful in design and optimization of Rn measurements based on absorption in polycarbonates. PMID: 19901595 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985290 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:34 +0100 2985290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985289&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901596%26dopt%3DAbstract This study reminds us of the complexity involved in assessing occupational risks in the case of multiple sources of exposure. PMID: 19901596 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985289 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:32 +0100 2985289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985288&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901597%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: von Boetticher H, Lachmund J, Hoffmann W Optimization of radiation protection devices for the operator is achieved by minimizing the effective dose (E) on the basis of the recommendations of Publications 60 and 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Radiation exposure dosimetry was performed with thermoluminescence dosimeters using one Alderson phantom in the patient position and a second one in the typical position of the operator. Various types of protective clothing as well as fixed leaded shieldings (table mounted shielding and overhead suspended shields) were considered calculating E. Shielding factors for protective equipment can readily be misinterpreted referring to the reduction of the effective dose because fixed protective barriers as... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985288 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:30 +0100 2985288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985287&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cummings FM There appears to be an error in the neutron fluence for neutrons with energies between 9 and 10 MeV for the tabulated D2O-moderated Cf source in ISO 8529-1. If the referenced spectrum is used as tabulated, the error contributes a total error to neutron dose values from this source of approximately 3%. PMID: 19901598 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985287 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:27 +0100 2985287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985286&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901599%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kramer GH, Capello K, Chiang A, Hauck BM The National Internal Radiation Assessment Section's Human Monitoring Laboratory (HML) has the responsibility to measure persons who may become internally contaminated following an accidental or intentional release of radioactivity. In preparation for measuring individuals who may be highly internally contaminated, the HML has reconfigured and recalibrated its whole body counter for this event. The calibration was performed using Monte Carlo simulations and validated by experimental measurements. An equation was developed that related the counting efficiency as a function of photon energy and phantom-to-detector distance. The equation could predict efficiencies to within 10% or better. Dead time problems, as a result of high internal ac... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985286 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:25 +0100 2985286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985285&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wakeford R, Kendall GM, Little MP PMID: 19901600 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985285 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:22 +0100 2985285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985284&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901601%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nair RR, Akiba S PMID: 19901601 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985284 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:20 +0100 2985284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985283&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19901602 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985283 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:17 +0100 2985283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985282&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901603%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19901603 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985282 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:15 +0100 2985282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985281&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19901604%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19901604 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985281 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 19:52:12 +0100 2985281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985280&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19902452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Manfredini M, Breschi M, Mazzoni S Military medical information and data from civil registers of death and marriage have been used to study the role of physical characteristics and health conditions in explaining access to marriage for the male population of Alghero, a small city located in Sardinia Island (Italy), at the turn of 19th century. Literature data about contemporary populations have already demonstrated the influence of somatic traits in the mate choice. The results presented here show that men with low height and poor health status at the age of 20 were negatively selected for marriage. This holds true also in a society where families often arranged marriages for their children. This pattern of male selection on marriage was found to be particularly marked among t... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985280 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2985280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985279&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19902453%26dopt%3DAbstract We present here analyses of burials occurring between 1900 and 1990 at the Columbia Cemetery in Columbia, Missouri. Our analyses, in combination with archival materials relating to infrastructure improvements in Columbia and data on infectious disease mortality in the state of Missouri, show that patterns of death observed in the cemetery data provide evidence for the timing of changes in the health of Columbia's residents. At the time that major improvements in sanitation and hygiene were implemented, burials of individuals dying under age 45 decreased significantly while burials of individuals older than 45 remained relatively high. Furthermore, data on infectious disease mortality indicate significant declines in deaths from water- and milk-borne infections, but no change in mortality f... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985279 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2985279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2985278&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19902532%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Malina RM, Peña Reyes ME, Little BB Secular change in adult height of residents in a rural indigenous community in the Valley of Oaxaca was evaluated. Subjects were measured in 1971 (49 males, 26 females 19-70 years), 1978 (128 males, 124 females 19-82 years) and 2000 (155 males, 255 females 19-89 years). Heights were adjusted for estimated loss with age using two protocols; height at 21 years of age was also estimated. The effects of age and secular factors on measured and adjusted heights were evaluated through segmented linear regressions for three birth periods, <1930, 1930 through 1959 and >/=1960 which approximate significant periods in Mexican history. Secular increase in height occurred but estimated rates varied over time and between sexes. Males born befor... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2985278 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2985278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968125&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890861%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Stone AC, Wilbur AK, Buikstra JE, Roberts CA Two of humankind's most socially and psychologically devastating diseases, tuberculosis and leprosy, have been the subject of intensive paleopathological research due to their antiquity, a presumed association with human settlement and subsistence patterns, and their propensity to leave characteristic lesions on skeletal and mummified remains. Despite a long history of medical research and the development of effective chemotherapy, these diseases remain global health threats even in the 21st century, and as such, their causative agents Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae, respectively, have recently been the subject of molecular genetics research. The new genome-level data for several mycobacterial species have informed extensi... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968125 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2968124&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19890864%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clancy KB Endometrial function is often overlooked in the study of fertility in reproductive ecology, but it is crucial to implantation and the support of a successful pregnancy. Human female reproductive physiology can handle substantial energy demands that include the production of fecund cycles, ovulation, fertilization, placentation, a 9-month gestation, and often several years of lactation. The particular morphology of the human endometrium as well as our relative copiousness of menstruation and large neonatal size suggests that endometrial function has more resources allocated to it than many other primates. The human endometrium has a particularly invasive kind of hemochorial placentation and trophoblast that maximizes surface area and maternal-fetal contact, yet these ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2968124 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2968124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911298&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820469%26dopt%3DAbstract RSO Interview with Nazia Zakir. Interviewed by René Michel. Health Phys. 2009 Nov;97(5 Suppl):S151-4 Authors: Zakir N PMID: 19820469 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911298 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:54:16 +0100 2911298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911297&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820470%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Emery RJ, Sprau DD, Morecook RC, Herbold J Experience gained from involvement in a number of emergency response activities since September 2001 in Texas indicated that the likely roles of statewide medical reserve corps units typically included aspects such as crowd control, registration and tracking, and information management. The need for training specifically focused on these likely roles became apparent. A novel field training exercise was developed that specifically focused on these likely roles. The exercise centered on a scenario involving the surreptitious placement of radioactivity in high traffic areas across the country, resulting in the contamination of large numbers of individuals. Because the source of the contamination was unknown, surge capacity contamination ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911297 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:54:14 +0100 2911297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911296&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820471%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barnett JM, Cullinan VI, Barnett DS, Trang-Le TL, Bliss M, Greenwood LR, Ballinger MY Since the mid-1980's the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has used a value of 0.85 as a correction factor for the self absorption of activity for particulate radioactive air samples collected from building exhaust for environmental monitoring. More recently, an effort was made to evaluate the current particulate radioactive air sample filters (Versapor 3000, 47-mm diameter) used at PNNL for self absorption effects. There were two methods used to characterize the samples. Sixty samples were selected from the archive for acid digestion to compare the radioactivity measured by direct gas-flow proportional counting of filters to the results obtained after acid digestion of the filter ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911296 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:54:11 +0100 2911296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911295&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820472%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the program in some detail and compares some elements to programs in the United States. The author was favorably impressed with the state of nuclear plant emergency preparedness in the Russian Federation and identified program elements that should be considered for implementation elsewhere. PMID: 19820472 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911295 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:54:09 +0100 2911295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911294&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820473%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Antonio CL, Rivard JW During the decommissioning and maintenance of some of the facilities at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site in Washington State, workers have potential for a Sr intake. However, because of worldwide radioactive fallout, Sr is present in our environment and can be detectable in routine urine bioassay samples. It is important for the Hanford Site bioassay program to discriminate an occupational intake from a non-occupational environmental one. A detailed study of the background Sr in the urine of unexposed Hanford workers was performed. A survey of the Hanford Site bioassay database found 128 Hanford workers who were hired between 1997 and 2002 and who had a very low potential for an occupational exposure prior to the baseline strontium urinalysis. E... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911294 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 14:54:06 +0100 2911294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887425&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820445%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenforde TS PMID: 19820445 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887425 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:41:04 +0100 2887425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887424&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ryan MT PMID: 19820446 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887424 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:41:02 +0100 2887424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887423&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moeller DW The Yucca Mountain high-level radioactive waste repository is designed to contain spent nuclear fuel and vitrified fission products. Due to the fact that it will be the first such facility constructed anywhere in the world, it has proved to be one in which multiple organizations, most prominently the U.S. Congress, are exercising a role. In addition to selecting a site for the facility, Congress specified that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) promulgate the associated Standards, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission establish applicable Regulations to implement the Standards, and the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) design, construct, and operate the repository. Congress also specified that U.S. EPA request that the National Academy of Scienc... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887423 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:59 +0100 2887423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887422&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820448%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenforde TS PMID: 19820448 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887422 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:55 +0100 2887422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887421&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820449%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Goodhead DT Health risks from exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation are well characterized from epidemiological studies. Uncertainty and controversy remain for extension of these risks to the low doses and low dose rates of particular relevance in the workplace, in medical diagnostics and screening, and from background radiations. In order to make such extrapolations, a number of concepts have been developed for radiation protection, partly on the basis of assumed processes in the mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis. Included amongst these are the assumptions of a linear no-threshold dose response and simple scaling factors for dose rate and radiation quality. With a progressive reduction in recommended dose limits over the past half century, these approaches have ha... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887421 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:53 +0100 2887421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887420&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820450%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Land CE Ionizing radiation is a known and well-quantified human cancer risk factor, based on a remarkably consistent body of information from epidemiological studies of exposed populations. Typical examples of risk estimation include use of Japanese atomic bomb survivor data to estimate future risk from radiation-related cancer among American patients receiving multiple computed tomography scans, persons affected by radioactive fallout, or persons whose livelihoods involve some radiation exposure, such as x-ray technicians, interventional radiologists, or shipyard workers. Our estimates of radiation-related risk are uncertain, reflecting statistical variation and our imperfect understanding of crucial assumptions that must be made if we are to apply existing epidemiological da... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887420 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:50 +0100 2887420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887419&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820451%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jeggo PA The DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms represent a vital line of defense against exogenous and endogenous DNA damage to enhance two distinct outcomes, survival and the maintenance of genomic stability. The latter is critical for cancer avoidance. DDR processes encompass repair pathways and signal transduction mechanisms that activate cell cycle checkpoint arrest and apoptosis. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) represent important radiation-induced lesions. The major DSB repair pathways are DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activates the DSB signaling response. To evaluate the ability of these pathways to protect against low doses or dose rate radiation exposure, it is important to consider t... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887419 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:48 +0100 2887419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887418&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Morgan WF, Sowa MB Radiation risks at low doses remain a hotly debated topic. Recent experimental advances in our understanding of effects occurring in the progeny of irradiated cells, and/or the non-irradiated neighbors of irradiated cells (i.e., non-targeted effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation), have influenced this debate. The goal of this document is to summarize the current status of this debate and speculate on the potential impact of non-targeted effects on radiation risk assessment and the radiation dose response profile. PMID: 19820452 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887418 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:45 +0100 2887418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887417&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kennedy AR It is known that numerous factors can influence radiation carcinogenesis in animals; these factors include the specific characteristics of the radiation (radiation type and dose, dose-rate, dose-fractionation, dose distribution, etc.) as well as many other contributing elements that are not specific to the radiation exposure, such as animal genetic characteristics and age, the environment of the animal, dietary factors and whether specific modifying agents for radiation carcinogenesis have been utilized in the studies. This overview focuses on the modifying factors for radiation carcinogenesis, in both in vivo and in vitro systems, and includes a discussion of agents that enhance (e.g., promoting agents) or suppress (e.g., cancer preventive agents) radiation-induced... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887417 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:43 +0100 2887417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887416&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barcellos-Hoff MH, Nguyen DH It is clear from experimental studies that genotype is an important determinant of cancer susceptibility in general, and for radiation carcinogenesis specifically. It has become increasingly clear that genotype influences not only the ability to cope with DNA damage but also influences the cooperation of other tissues, like the vasculature and immune system, necessary for the establishment of cancer. Our experimental data and that of others suggest that the carcinogenic action of ionizing radiation (IR) can also be considered a two-compartment problem: while IR can alter genomic sequence as a result of DNA damage, it can also induce signals that alter multicellular interactions and phenotypes that underpin carcinogenesis. Rather than being accessor... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887416 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:40 +0100 2887416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887415&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brooks AL, Eberlein PE, Couch LA, Boecker BB In 1980, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements suggested the term dose-rate effectiveness factor (DREF) to describe the reduction of effectiveness of protracted radiation in producing biological damage and risk. A nonlinear decrease in damage was also noted following low total doses. The International Commission on Radiological Protection therefore combined the influence of low dose and low dose-rate and assigned a single value of 2.0 for a dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) to be applied for estimating risk for both low total dose and low dose-rate exposures. This paper re-evaluates one extensive data set on inhaled radionuclides in dogs which suggests that there may be a need to separate these fact... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887415 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:38 +0100 2887415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887414&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820456%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kato TA, Wilson PF, Nagasaw H, Peng Y, Weil MM, Little JB, Bedford JS To have an impact on risk assessment for purposes of radiation protection recommendations, significantly broad variations in carcinogenic radiosensitivity would have to exist in significant proportions in the human population. Even if we knew all the genes where mutations would have major effects, individual genome sequencing does not seem useful, since we do not know all these genes, nor can we be certain of the phenotypic effect of polymorphisms discovered. Further, sequencing would not reveal epigenetic changes in gene expression. Another approach to develop phenotypic biomarkers for cells or tissues for which variations in radiation response may reflect the variations in carcinogenic sensitivity. To be u... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887414 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:35 +0100 2887414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887413&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820457%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shore RE Although the Japanese atomic bomb study and radiotherapy studies have clearly documented cancer risks from high-dose radiation exposures, radiation risk assessment groups have long recognized that protracted or low exposures to low-linear energy transfer radiations are key radiation protection concerns because these are far more common than high-exposure scenarios. Epidemiologic studies of human populations with low-dose or low dose-rate exposures are one approach to addressing those concerns. A number of large studies of radiation workers (Chernobyl clean-up workers, U.S. and Chinese radiological technologists, and the 15-country worker study) or of persons exposed to environmental radiation at moderate to low levels (residents near Techa River, Semipalatinsk, Cherno... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887413 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:33 +0100 2887413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887412&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820458%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gilbert ES Radiation dose estimates used in epidemiological studies are subject to many sources of uncertainty, and the error structure may be a complicated mixture of different types of error. Increasingly, efforts are being made to evaluate dosimetry uncertainties and to take account of them in statistical analyses. The impact of these uncertainties on dose-response analyses depends on the magnitude and type of error. Errors that are independent from subject to subject (random errors) reduce statistical power for detecting a dose-response relationship, increase uncertainties in estimated risk coefficients, and may lead to underestimation of risk coefficients. The specific effects of random errors depend on whether the errors are "classical" or "Berkson." Classical error can ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887412 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:30 +0100 2887412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887411&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820459%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Averbeck D The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been widely used to establish international rules and standards in radiation protection. It is based on the notion that the physical energy deposition of ionizing radiation (IR) increases carcinogenic risk linearly with increasing dose (i.e., the carcinogenic effectiveness remains constant irrespective of dose) and, within a factor of two, also with dose-rate. However, recent findings have strongly put into question the LNT concept and its scientific validity, especially for very low doses and dose-rates. Low-dose effects are more difficult to ascertain than high-dose effects. Epidemiological studies usually lack sufficient statistical power to determine health risks from very low-dose exposures. In this situation, studies of ... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887411 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:28 +0100 2887411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887410&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820460%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Brenner DJ There is strong evidence that ionizing radiation increases cancer risks at high doses (e.g., >/=1 Gy), and persuasive, if controversial, epidemiological evidence that cancer risks are increased at low doses ( approximately 10 mGy). Discussed here are the issues related to extrapolating radiation risks from low radiation doses to very low doses (</=1 mGy) - for which purpose we are forced to rely on radiobiological evidence and biophysical arguments. At high doses, cells are typically hit by many tracks of radiation, while at low doses most cells are typically hit by a single track of radiation; at very low doses proportionately fewer cells are hit, again only by a single track of radiation. Thus, in comparing low doses to very low doses, the damage to hit cell... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887410 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:25 +0100 2887410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887409&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820461%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Locke PA The U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) sponsors a research program aimed at gaining a better understanding of how low-dose radiation affects cellular functioning and progression toward disease. There have been calls to incorporate into regulatory decision-making the scientific information that this program has produced. After a discussion of the evolution of radiation protection law and the weight-of-evidence approach that agencies employ, this paper offers some preliminary thoughts about how to approach this complex and important policy question. Three implementation challenges are identified and discussed. The first implementation challenge involves explaining low-dose effects in a systems biology model. The second challenge arises when issues of population suscep... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887409 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:23 +0100 2887409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887408&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820462%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tenforde TS, Brooks AL This paper summarizes the perspectives of three U.S. federal agencies on the potential long-term influence of new findings on the biological and potential health effects of low dose and low dose-rate radiation on regulatory controls placed on exposures in occupational, medical, and public settings. PMID: 19820462 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887408 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:20 +0100 2887408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887407&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820463%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jenkins-Smith HC, Silva CL, Murray C Human behavioral responses to potential hazards are mediated by the beliefs held about those hazards. This holds whether the "behavior" under consideration is the provision of advice about the hazard, statements of support for policies that address the hazard, or personal behaviors in response to the hazard. This paper focuses on beliefs about radiation and the implications of those beliefs for views about radiation protection by both scientists and members of the U.S. public. We use data from a large sample of scientists, collected in 2002, and a series of surveys of the U.S. public collected in 2007. Among scientists, we focus on how beliefs about radiation are related to policy prescriptions for radiation protection. Among members of the... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887407 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:18 +0100 2887407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887406&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820464%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ziemer PL Since the mid-1980's there has been growing public concern about possible health effects associated with radiation exposures of veterans and atomic weapons workers. These concerns have led to a series of Congressional actions that have resulted in legislation creating three compensation programs that are intended to compensate individuals whose radiation exposures may be considered a causative agent for specified health effects. PMID: 19820464 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887406 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:16 +0100 2887406 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887405&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820465%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Poston JW, Ford JR Approaches to safety regulations-particularly radiation safety regulations-must be founded on the very best science possible. However, radiation safety regulations always lag behind the science for a number of reasons. First, the normal scientific process of peer-review, debate, and confirmation must ensure that the conclusions are indeed correct, the implications of the research are fully understood, and a consensus has been established. Second, in the U.S., there is a well-established, all-inclusive political process that leads to changes in radiation safety regulations. This process can take a very long time, as was demonstrated when the process was initiated to change the Code of Federal Regulations more than 20 y ago in response to International Commiss... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887405 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:13 +0100 2887405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887404&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820466%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19820466 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887404 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:11 +0100 2887404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887403&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820467%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19820467 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887403 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:08 +0100 2887403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2887402&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19820468%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 19820468 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2887402 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 05:40:05 +0100 2887402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2877284&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19810757%26dopt%3DAbstract We report results from a computational investigation of the oxidative deboronation of boroglycine, H2N-CH2-B(OH)2, using H2O and H2O2 as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) to yield aminomethanol, H2N-CH2-OH; these results complement our study on the protodeboronation of boroglycine to produce methylamine, H2N-CH3 (Larkin et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 6489-6500). Second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory with Dunning-Woon correlation-consistent (cc) basis sets were used for the calculations with comparisons made to results from density functional theory (DFT) at the PBE1PBE/6-311++G(d,p)(cc-pVDZ) levels. The effects of a bulk aqueous environment were also incorporated into the calculations employing PCM and CPCM methodology. Using H2O as the ROS, the reaction H2O + H2N-... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2877284 Sat, 10 Oct 2009 13:18:06 +0100 2877284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2829278&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19773607%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watchman CJ, Bolch WE Bone-seeking alpha-particle emitting radionuclides are common health physics hazards. Additionally, they are under consideration as an option for therapeutic molecular radiotherapy applications. Current dose models do not account for energy or bone-site dependence as shown by alpha-particle absorbed fractions given in ICRP Publication 30. Energy-dependent, yet bone-site independent, alpha-particle absorbed fractions have been presented by the models of Stabin and Siegel (2003 Health Phys. 85 294-310). In this work, a chord-based computational model of alpha-particle transport in cortical bone has been developed that explicitly accounts for both the bone-site and particle-energy dependence of alpha-particle absorbed fractions in this region of the skeleton... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2829278 Fri, 25 Sep 2009 15:10:05 +0100 2829278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2789240&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19741357%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kryuchkov V, Chumak V, Maceika E, Anspaugh LR, Cardis E, Bakhanova E, Golovanov I, Drozdovitch V, Luckyanov N, Kesminiene A, Voillequé P, Bouville A Between 1986 and 1990, several hundred thousand workers, called "liquidators" or "clean-up workers," took part in decontamination and recovery activities within the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, where a major accident occurred in April 1986. The Chernobyl liquidators were mainly exposed to external ionizing radiation levels that depended primarily on their work locations and the time after the accident when the work was performed. Because individual doses were often monitored inadequately or were not monitored at all for the majority of liquidators, a new method of photon (i.e., gamma and x r... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2789240 Sat, 12 Sep 2009 18:30:29 +0100 2789240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2789239&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19741358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krstic D, Nikezic D In this paper the effective dose in the age-dependent ORNL phantoms series, due to naturally occurring radionuclides in building materials, was calculated. The absorbed doses for various organs or human tissues have been calculated. The MCNP-4B computer code was used for this purpose. The effective dose was calculated according to ICRP Publication 74. The obtained values of dose conversion factors for a standard room are: 1.033, 0.752 and 0.0538 nSv h-1 per Bq kg-1 for elements of the U and Th decay series and for the K isotope, respectively. The values of effective dose agreed generally with those found in the literature, although the values estimated here for elements of the U series were higher in some cases. PMID: 19741358 [PubMed - in process] (Sou... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2789239 Sat, 12 Sep 2009 18:30:26 +0100 2789239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2789238&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19741359%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to measure organ absorbed doses from multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) on pediatric anthropomorphic phantoms, calculate the corresponding effective doses, and assess the influence of automatic exposure control (AEC) in terms of organ dose variations. Four anthropomorphic phantoms (phantoms represent the equivalent of a newborn, 1-, 5-, and 10-y-old child) were scanned with a four-channel MDCT coupled with a z-axis-based AEC system. Two CT torso protocols were compared: a first protocol without AEC and constant tube current-time product and a second protocol with AEC using age-adjusted noise indices. Organ absorbed doses were monitored by thermoluminescent dosimeters (LiF: Mg, Cu, P). Effective doses were calculated according to the tissue weighting facto... Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2789238 Sat, 12 Sep 2009 18:30:24 +0100 2789238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2789237&cid=s_35857_75_f&fid=35857&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19741360%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calandrino R, del Vecchio A, Savi A, Todde S, Belloli S The aim of this paper is to evaluate the risks and doses for the internal contamination of the radiochemistry staff in a high workload medical cyclotron facility. The doses from internal contamination derive from the inhalation of radioactive gas leakage from the cells by personnel involved in the synthesis processes and are calculated from urine sample measurements. Various models are considered for the calculation of the effective committed dose from the analysis of these urine samples, and the results are compared with data obtained from local environmental measurement of the radioactivity released inside the lab. PMID: 19741360 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Health Physics) Health Physics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2789237 Sat, 12 Sep 2009 18:30:18 +0100 2789237