MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Histochemistry and Cell Biology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 14:07:52 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664036&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm21630896w436847%2F This study postulates that this CRT is developmentally regulated in the rat cochlea. CRT expression was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in the postnatal (P0–P14) and adult (P22–P56) rat cochlea. The maximum CRT expression was reached at the onset of hearing (P12), and this level was maintained through to adulthood. CRT immunoreactivity was strongest in the sensory inner hair cells, supporting cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. Cochlear distribution of the CK brain isoform (CKB) was also assessed by immunohistochemistry and compared with the distribution of CRT in the developing and adult cochlea. CKB was immunolocalized in the organ of Corti supporting cells, and the lateral wall tissues involved in K+ cycling, including stria vascularis and... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664036 Fri, 03 Feb 2012 17:11:20 +0100 5664036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664037&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flx0211762l5q0244%2F In this study, we have analyzed the nuclear reorganization of Cajal bodies, PML bodies and nucleoli in type I SMA motor neurons with homozygous deletion of exons 7 and 8 of the SMN1 gene. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction of SMN levels compared to the control sample. Using a neuronal dissociation procedure to perform a careful immunocytochemical and quantitative analysis of nuclear bodies, we demonstrated a severe decrease in the mean number of Cajal bodies per neuron and in the proportion of motor neurons containing these structures in type I SMA. Moreover, most Cajal bodies fail to recruit SMN and spliceosomal snRNPs, but contain the proteasome activator PA28γ, a molecular marker associated with the cellular stress response. Neuronal stress in SMA motor neurons als... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664037 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 18:15:41 +0100 5664037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664038&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc77130k622085278%2F Abstract  Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are components of nuclear multiprotein complexes that deacetylate histones and perform important roles in repression of transcription. Using specific rabbit mAbs, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescence analysis the expression and subcellular localization of HDAC1–4 and HDAC9 in sections of adult human third molars. HDAC2 and HDAC9 were expressed in some pulpal cells and strongly expressed in the majority of mature odontoblasts. In contrast, only weak expression of HDAC1, HDAC3 and HDAC4 was observed. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis together with the DNA stain DRAQ5 revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC9 were coexpressed within the odontoblast nucleus, but localized to distinct subnuclear structures. In contra... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664038 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 17:13:14 +0100 5664038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664040&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh355570024546253%2F Abstract  The OR37 subfamily of odorant receptors (ORs) exists exclusively in mammals. In contrast to ORs in general, they are highly conserved within and across species. These unique features raise the question, whether olfactory information gathered by the OR37 sensory cells is processed in specially designated brain areas. To elucidate the wiring of projection neurons from OR37 glomeruli into higher brain areas, tracing experiments were performed. The application of DiI onto the ventral area of the olfactory bulb, which harbors the OR37 glomeruli, led to the labeling of fibers not only in the typical olfactory cortical regions, but also in the medial amygdala and the hypothalamus. To visualize the projections from a defined OR37 glomerulus more precisely, transgenic mice... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664040 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:46:36 +0100 5664040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5664039&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr7765x6233773763%2F Abstract  Binding of endothelial cell (EC) integrins to extracellular-matrix (ECM) components is one of the key events to trigger intracellular signaling that will ultimately result in proper vascular development. Even within one tissue, the endothelial phenotype differs between arteries and veins. Here, we tested the hypothesis that anchorage-dependent processes, such as proliferation, viability, survival and actin organization of venous (VEC) and arterial EC (AEC) differently depend on ECM proteins. Moreover, because of different oxygen tension in AEC and VEC, we tested oxygen as a co-modulator of ECM effects. Primary human placental VEC and AEC were grown in collagens I and IV, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin and uncoated plates and exposed to 12 and 21% oxygen. Our main f... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5664039 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 16:46:36 +0100 5664039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635204&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F604n143k2251nt10%2F Abstract  Gephyrin is a scaffolding protein required for the accumulation of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors at neuronal postsynaptic membranes. In non-neuronal tissues, gephyrin is indispensible for the biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor, the prosthetic group of oxidoreductases including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase. However, the molecular and cellular basis of gephyrin’s non-neuronal function is poorly understood; in particular, the roles of its splice variants remain enigmatic. Here, we used cDNA screening as well as Northern and immunoblot analyses to show that mammalian liver contains only a limited number of gephyrin splice variants, with the C3-containing variant being the predominant isoform. Using new and established anti-gephyrin antibodies in imm... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635204 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:58 +0100 5635204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635205&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5434358724864m87%2F In conclusion, our data indicate that CAFs are able to influence the phenotype of a breast cancer cell line and this effect is based on a tumor type-unspecific mechanism. Finally, a clear functional difference between normal and CAFs was demonstrated. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s00418-012-0918-3Authors B. Dvořánková, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicP. Szabo, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicL. Lacina, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 12800 Prague 2, Czech RepublicO. Kodet, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles Un... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635205 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:57 +0100 5635205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5635206&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl407xv72j8682737%2F Abstract  The adhesion of tumour cells to the endothelial cells of blood vessels of the microcirculation represents a crucial step in haematogenous metastasis formation. Similar to leukocyte extravasation, selectins mediate initial tumour cell rolling on endothelium. An additional mechanism of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is mediated by hyaluronan (HA). However, data on the interaction of tumour cells with hyaluronan under shear stress are lacking. The expression of the hyaluronan binding protein CD44 on tumour cell surfaces was evaluated using flow cytometry. The adhesion of tumour cells to HA with regard to adhesive events and rolling velocity was determined in flow assays in the human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines SW2, H69, H82, OH1 and OH3, the col... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5635206 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:26:56 +0100 5635206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624499&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv87n54405262ljt4%2F Abstract  The luminal composition of the auditory tube influences its function. The mechanisms involved in the monitoring are currently not known. For the lower respiratory epithelium, such a sentinel role is carried out by cholinergic brush cells. Here, using two different mouse strains expressing eGFP under the control of the promoter of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), we show the presence of solitary cholinergic villin-positive brush cells also in the mouse auditory tube epithelium. They express the vesicular acetylcholine (ACh) transporter and proteins of the taste transduction pathway such as α-gustducin, phospholipase C beta 2 (PLCβ2) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Immunoreactivity for TRPM5 and PLCβ2 was found regul... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624499 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:57 +0100 5624499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624498&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F511m5151691n0053%2F Abstract  Palate development requires coordinating proper cellular and molecular events in palatogenesis, including the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell migration. Zeb1 and Zeb2 regulate epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) and EMT during organogenesis. While microRNA 200b (miR-200b) is known to be a negative regulator of Zeb1 and Zeb2 in cancer progression, its regulatory effects on Zeb1 and Zeb2 in palatogenesis have not yet been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the regulators of palatal development, specifically, miR-200b and the Zeb family. Expression of both Zeb1 and Zeb2 was detected in the mesenchyme of the mouse palate, while miR-200b was expressed in the medial edge epithelium. Aft... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624498 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:57 +0100 5624498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624500&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc738g508rj0k764w%2F Abstract  In the hippocampus, neurons and fiber projections are strictly organized in layers and supplied with oxygen via a vascular network that also develops layer-specific characteristics in wild-type mice, as shown in the present study for the first time in a quantitative manner. By contrast, in the reeler mutant, well known for its neuronal migration defects due to the lack of the extracellular matrix protein reelin, emerging layer-specific characteristics of the vascular pattern were found to be remodeled during development of the dentate gyrus. Remarkably, in the first postnatal week, when a granule cell layer was still discernable in the reeler dentate gyrus, also the reeler vascular pattern resembled wild type. Thus, at postnatal day 6, unbranched microvessels trav... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624500 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 07:07:56 +0100 5624500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5616838&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn72412p530911341%2F Abstract  The effect of ageing on the morphology of veins, venous valves and arteries was investigated in male wild-type mice using an adapted procedure with injection of a silicone polymer Microfil® that preserves morphology of the vasculature. Throughout the hind limb the arterial, but not the venous, lumen area and wall thickness were significantly greater in 24-month as compared to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Venous valves were most frequently located at the sapheno-femoral vein junction in the lower extremities, and appeared thicker at the base supported by structurally intact collagen fibers, and thinner towards the proximal end of the valve leaflet, with less organized collagen. Overall, valves were less supported by structurally intact collagen at 24 months as co... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5616838 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 06:49:11 +0100 5616838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5592724&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhk32141q27771891%2F Abstract  Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane co-receptor for members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family. Recent studies revealed an important role of NRP1 in angiogenesis and progression of many diseases. The role of NRP1 in the development of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), one of the most common rheumatic diseases, has not yet been investigated. Molecular studies and protein expression techniques were performed to elucidate the gene and protein expression profile of NRP1 in human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) from primary SS. We used human microarrays and transient transfection with a mutant form of the negative inhibitory κBα proteins (IκBαDN) to investigate whether selective inhibition of nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) improves NRP1-mediated pro-a... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5592724 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 17:55:13 +0100 5592724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5592725&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft230t01768626664%2F In this study, we examined the underlying mechanism of DGKζ translocation using hippocampal slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to simulate an ischemic model of the brain. DGKζ-immunoreactivity gradually changed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in CA1 pyramidal neurons after 20 min of OGD and was never detected in the nucleus after reoxygenation. Intriguingly, DGKζ was detected in the nucleus at 10 min OGD whereas the following 60 min reoxygenation induced complete cytoplasmic translocation of DGKζ. Morphometric analysis revealed that DGKζ cytoplasmic translocation correlated with nuclear shrinkage indicative of an early process of neuronal degeneration. The translocation under OGD conditions was blocked by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) inhibitor, and was ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5592725 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 17:01:58 +0100 5592725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5592727&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu83q04562v57j867%2F In conclusion, ODAM and AMTN are bona fide components of the BL associated with maturation stage ameloblasts and they organize into different subdomains during the early maturation stage. The data also suggest that the BL is a dynamic structure that rearranges its organization as enamel maturation advances. Finally, the abrogation of AMTN antibody labeling by HPA supports the presence of O-linked sugars in the molecule and/or its close association with other O-glycosylated molecules. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0901-4Authors Juliana Dos Santos Neves, Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canad... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5592727 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:15 +0100 5592727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5592726&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4tq773m0mp285431%2F Abstract   Lim1 encodes a homeodomain transcription factor required for head, kidney and female reproductive tract development in the murine embryo. Recently, Lim1 expression was documented in several adult murine and human organs. In the developing female reproductive tract, Lim1 expression was first detected in the Müllerian ducts. Using immunofluorescence, we detected LIM1 expression in a developmental model of human female reproductive tract which was established by recombination of neonatal uterine mesenchyme with human embryonic stem cells. In addition, we report a dynamic expression of Lim1/LIM1 in neonatal and adult mouse, and adult human endometrial epithelium and stroma as revealed by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. LIM1 ex... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5592726 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 19:35:15 +0100 5592726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576531&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa166153588pk0816%2F In this study, STRO-1+ PDLSCs were isolated from human PDL tissues, treated with IGF-1, and their osteogenic capacity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Dimethyl-thiazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry results demonstrated that 10–200 ng/mL IGF-1 can stimulate the proliferation ability of PDLSCs and 100 ng/mL is the optimal concentration. Exogenous IGF-1 can modify the ultrastructure, enhance the alkaline phosphatase activity, the mineralization ability of PDLSCs, and increase the expression of osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, and osteocalcin) at mRNA and protein levels. In vivo transplantation illustrated that IGF-1 treated implants generated more mineralized tissues, and presented stronger expression of RUNX2, O... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576531 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:47:11 +0100 5576531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5576530&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjth718218k7278rl%2F Abstract  The mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is a dynamic tissue composed of numerous cell types with complex cellular functions. Study of the vital intestinal mucosa has been hampered by lack of suitable model systems. We here present a novel animal model that enables highly resolved three-dimensional imaging of the vital murine intestine in anaesthetized mice. Using intravital autofluorescence 2-photon (A2P) microscopy we studied the choreographed interactions of enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and brush cells with other cellular constituents of the small intestinal mucosa over several hours at a subcellular resolution and in three dimensions. Vigorously moving lymphoid cells and their interaction with constituent parts of the lamina propria were ex... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5576530 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:47:11 +0100 5576530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5568591&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6406h1m6276362k7%2F In conclusion, symplekin expression regulates the assembly of tight junctions, thus helps to maintain the integrity of the epithelial monolayer and cellular polarity. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0906-zAuthors Hong Chang, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanism of CAS and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaChen Zhang, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanism of CAS and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, Peoples’ Republic of ChinaYi Cao, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mecha... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5568591 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:49:47 +0100 5568591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5568592&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F48n868q22535vn05%2F Abstract  Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) are located on the apical surface of cells and funnel Na+ ions from the lumen into the cell. ENaC function also regulates extracellular fluid volume as water flows across membranes accompanying Na+ ions to maintain osmolarity. To examine the sites of expression and intracellular localization of ENaC, we generated polyclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain of human α-ENaC subunit that we expressed in E. coli. Three-dimensional (3D) confocal microscopy of immunofluorescence using these antibodies for the first time revealed that ENaCs are uniformly distributed on the ciliary surface in all epithelial cells with motile cilia lining the bronchus in human lung and female reproductive tract, all along the fimbrial end of th... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5568592 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 07:09:21 +0100 5568592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556683&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkg5712053u5088x2%2F Abstract  Tudor-domain-containing proteins (TDRDs) are suggested to be critical regulators of germinal granules assembly involved in Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)-mediated pathways, of which associated components and the underlying functional mechanisms, however, remain to be elucidated. We herein characterized the expression pattern of STK31, a member of TDRDs subfamily (also termed as TDRD8), throughout spermatogenesis during mouse postnatal development. RT-PCR and Western blot verified its preferential expression in testis, but not in any other somatic tissues, in addition to embryonic stem cells. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that STK31 was confined to granules-like structures in mid-to-late spermatocyte cytoplasm and to acrosomal cap starting at steps 7–8 ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556683 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:44:04 +0100 5556683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5556682&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fun74155255608601%2F Abstract  Neph proteins are evolutionarily conserved members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion proteins and regulate morphogenesis and patterning of different tissues. They share a common protein structure consisting of extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic tail required for signaling. Neph orthologs have been widely characterized in invertebrates where they mediate such diverse processes as neural development, synaptogenesis, or myoblast fusion. Vertebrate Neph proteins have been described first at the glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence suggesting a function of Neph proteins also outside the kidney. Here we demonstrate that Neph1, Neph2, and... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5556682 Wed, 28 Dec 2011 16:44:04 +0100 5556682 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542130&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg55p7222j13x7r42%2F In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CS exposure induces autophagy in murine FAE and in the underlying immune cells of Peyer’s patches, suggesting that CS exposure increases the risk for Crohn’s disease by causing epithelial oxidative damage, which needs to be repaired by autophagy. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0902-3Authors Stephanie Verschuere, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, 5 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumLiesbeth Allais, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ghent, 5 Blok A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumKen R. Bracke, Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belg... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542130 Fri, 23 Dec 2011 16:54:21 +0100 5542130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542131&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5588wq58045nm311%2F Abstract  Bevacizumab-resistant tumor vessels were characterized by an increased vessel diameter and normalization of vascular structures by the recruitment of mature pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Here, we analyzed human liver metastases which were taken at clinical relapse in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated with anti-angiogenic therapy using the humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF bevacizumab. Tumor vessels which are resistant to anti-VEGF therapy are increased in size and characterized by a normalization of the vascular bed. These results were confirmed using NOD SCID mice as animal model and xenograft transplantation of human PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells in combination with bevacizumab treatment. Our results confirmed that anti-angiogenic therapy results... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542131 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:51:05 +0100 5542131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542132&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F856767668l26p272%2F Abstract  Maladaptive changes in the carotid body (CB) induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) account for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. We postulated that the proinflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cytokine receptors (IL-1r1, gp130 and TNFr1) locally expressed in the rat CB play a pathophysiological role in IH-induced CB inflammation. Results showed increased levels of oxidative stress (serum 8-isoprostane and nitrotyrosine in the CB) in rats with 7-day IH treatment resembling recurrent apneic conditions when compared with the normoxic control. Local inflammation shown by the amount of ED1-containing cells (macrophage infiltration) and the gene tra... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542132 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:46:02 +0100 5542132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5532995&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhw27203m65341816%2F Abstract  MCRs are known to be expressed predominantly in the brain where they mediate metabolic and anti-inflammatory functions. Leptin plays an important role in appetite and energy regulation via signaling through melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in the brain. As serum levels of MCR ligands are elevated in a clinical situation [acute-phase response (APR)] to tissue damage, where the liver is responsible for the metabolic changes, we studied hepatic gene expression of MCRs in a model of muscle tissue damage induced by turpentine oil (TO) injection in rats. A significant increase in gene expression of all five MCRs (MC4R was the highest) in liver at the RNA and protein level was detected after TO injection. A similar pattern of increase was also found in the brain. Immunohist... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5532995 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 16:53:55 +0100 5532995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5500952&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx2683ll640kqt837%2F This study aimed to examine the functional role of Oct3/4 in mouse. During tooth morphogenesis (E11–E16.5), Oct3/4-positive cells, detected by nuclear immunoreaction, increased in number, and subsequently, their immunoreaction shifted from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at the stage of cell differentiation (E18.5). Quantitative real-time PCR clearly demonstrated the relationship between isoforms of Oct3/4 and the in vivo cellular localization of Oct3/4, suggesting that the Oct3/4 expressed in nucleus was Oct3/4A, whereas that expressed in the cytoplasm was Oct3/4B. RNAi knockdown of Oct3/4 induced apoptosis and arrested tooth morphogenesis. Our results suggest that (1) the increased number of Oct3/4-positive cells with nuclear immunoreaction correlate with active cell proliferation d... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5500952 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 18:24:35 +0100 5500952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5492389&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa662686227521246%2F Abstract  The amount of hyaluronan (HA) is low in simple epithelia under normal conditions, but during tumorigenesis, trauma or inflammation HA is increased on the epithelial cells and surrounding stroma. Excessive HA in epithelia is suggested to interfere with cell–cell adhesions, resulting in disruption of the epithelial barrier function. In addition, stimulated HA synthesis has been correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion of cancer cells. However, the effects of HA overload on normal epithelial morphogenesis have not been characterized in detail. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells form polarized epithelial cysts, when grown in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix. These cells were used to investigate whether stimulated HA synthesis, induced by stab... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5492389 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 16:44:40 +0100 5492389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473469&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx875878kg62n5m1h%2F Abstract  It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis is associated with liver inflammation and carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to identify the cellular source of COX-2 expression in different stages, from acute liver injury through liver fibrosis to cholangiocarcinoma (CC). We induced in rats acute and “chronic” liver injury (thioacetamide (TAA) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)) and CC development (TAA) and assessed COX-2 gene expression in normal and damaged liver tissue by RT-PCR of total RNA. The cellular localization of COX-2 protein in liver tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry as well as in isolated rat liver cells by Western blotting. The findings were compared with those obtained in human cirrhotic liver tis... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473469 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:40:43 +0100 5473469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473470&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn94247960h713804%2F In conclusion, neonatal exposure to BPA inhibits methylation of imprinted genes during oogenesis via the ER signaling pathway in CD-1 mice. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-11DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0894-zAuthors Hu-He Chao, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaXi-Feng Zhang, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 ChinaBo Chen, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaBo Pan, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473470 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 18:40:42 +0100 5473470 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473471&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxk102100x2133p58%2F Abstract  When the urothelial barrier, i.e., the blood−urine barrier, is injured, rapid resealing of the injury is crucial for the normal functioning of the organism. In order to investigate the mechanisms required for rapid resealing of the barrier, we established in vitro models of hyperplastic and normoplastic urothelia. We found that hyperplastic urothelia achieve significantly higher transepithelial resistance (TER) than normoplastic urothelia. However, the expression of cell junctional (claudin-8, occludin, E-cadherin) and differentiation-related proteins (cytokeratin 20 and uroplakins) is weaker in hyperplastic urothelia. Further investigation of cell differentiation status at the ultrastructural level confirmed that superficial urothelial cells (UCs) in hyperplast... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473471 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:38:58 +0100 5473471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473472&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe77368177g982k1r%2F Abstract  Perilipin 5 (PLIN5/OXPAT) is a lipid droplet (LD) coat protein mainly present in tissues with a high fat-oxidative capacity, suggesting a role for PLIN5 in facilitating fatty acid oxidation. Here, we investigated the role of PLIN5 in fat oxidation in skeletal muscle. In human skeletal muscle, we observed that PLIN5 (but not PLIN2) protein content correlated tightly with OXPHOS content and in rat muscle PLIN5 content correlated with mitochondrial respiration rates on a lipid-derived substrate. This prompted us to examine PLIN5 protein expression in skeletal muscle mitochondria by means of immunogold electron microscopy and Western blots in isolated mitochondria. These data show that PLIN5, in contrast to PLIN2, not only localizes to LD but also to mitochondria, pos... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473472 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:38:57 +0100 5473472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465020&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv071017w50218m65%2F In this study, to demonstrate dynamically changing morphology and immunohistochemical images of their living states, “in vivo cryotechnique” (IVCT) combined with freeze-substitution fixation was applied to anesthetized mouse lungs. By hematoxylin–eosin staining, morphological features, such as shapes of alveolar septum and sizes of alveolar lumen, reflected their respiratory conditions in vivo, and alveolar capillaries were filled with variously shaped erythrocytes. Albumin was usually immunolocalized in the capillaries, which was confirmed by double-immunostaining for aquaporin-1 of endothelium. To capture accurate time-courses of blood flow in peripheral pulmonary alveoli, glutathione-coated quantum dots (QDs) were injected into right ventricles, and then IVCT was performed a... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465020 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 16:50:26 +0100 5465020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5465021&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd747314qrg713q32%2F Abstract  Lamin A/C gene encodes a nuclear membrane protein, and mutations in this gene are associated with diverse degenerative diseases that are linked to premature aging. While lamin A/C is involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, the distinct expression patterns are poorly understood in the mesenchymal cells differentiating into adipocytes. Here, we examined the expression of lamin A/C in a rat mesenchymal progenitor cell-line, ROB-C26 (C26). Immunocytochemical analysis showed that lamin A/C was transiently down-regulated in immature adipocytes, but its expression increased with terminal differentiation. To elucidate the role of lamin A/C expression on mesenchymal cell differentiation, lamin A/C expression was suppressed using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecule... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5465021 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 16:47:17 +0100 5465021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5453918&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fug10w1835012v851%2F Abstract  Double immunofluorolabeling for 3-repeat (3R) and 4-repeat (4R) tau was performed with two monoclonal antibodies, RD3 and RD4, after an additional pretreatment with potassium permanganate and oxalic acid to eliminate nonspecific 3R tau cytoplasmic staining. This method involves hyperdilution of one of the primary monoclonal antibodies (≥100-fold), making it undetectable by usual secondary antibodies. The hyperdiluted primary antibody can then only be detected after tyramide amplification. Subsequent application of the other monoclonal antibody at its usual concentration allows double immunofluorolabeling without cross-reaction. This novel method revealed that tau immunoreactivity (IR) in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains is h... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5453918 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 17:43:05 +0100 5453918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5437128&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff058506824h13021%2F This study also focused on the necessary caution with which the conclusions extracted from cell lines should be made, and in the great value of using primary samples as often as possible. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0878-zAuthors Laura García-Posadas, Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, SpainLaura Contreras-Ruiz, Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Edificio IOBA, Campus Miguel Delibes, Paseo de Belén 17, 47011 Valladolid, SpainAntonio López-García, Ocular Surface Group, Institute for Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Va... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5437128 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 06:58:11 +0100 5437128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5427832&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw12n55350p7q5607%2F Abstract  Colocalization of differently labeled biomolecules is a valuable tool in fluorescence microscopy and can provide information on biomolecular interactions. With the advent of super-resolution microscopy, colocalization analysis is getting closer to molecular resolution, bridging the gap to other technologies such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Among these novel microscopic techniques, single-molecule localization-based super-resolution methods offer the advantage of providing single-molecule coordinates that, rather than intensity information, can be used for colocalization analysis. This requires adapting the existing mathematical algorithms for localization microscopy data. Here, we introduce an algorithm for coordinate-based colocalization analysis w... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5427832 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 16:59:20 +0100 5427832 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5417231&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc777376v44g26k3k%2F Abstract  In a previous study, we measured caveolin-1 protein levels, both in the normal breast and in breast cancer. The study revealed no association between caveolin-1 expression in the epithelial compartment and clinical disease outcome. However, high levels of caveolin-1 in the stromal tissue surrounding the tumor associated strongly with reduced metastasis and improved survival. Using an animal model, we found that the onset of mammary tumors driven by Her-2/neu expression was accelerated in mice lacking caveolin-1. We have analysed the heat shock protein (Hsp) response in the tumors of mice lacking caveolin-1. In all cases, the mammary tumors were estrogen and progesterone receptor negative, and the levels of Her-2/neu (evaluated by immunohistochemistry) were not dif... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5417231 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 16:51:52 +0100 5417231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404657&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5123711600658084%2F In this study, we have identified and characterized SAMT1, a member of a novel 4-transmembrane protein family, which consists of four members. Samt1 mRNA and its expression product were found to be specific to the testis and were first detected in germ cells 25 days after birth in mice. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that SAMT1 was specifically expressed in haploid spermatids during the cap and acrosome phases. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that SAMT1 co-localized with MARCH11 as well as with fucose-containing glycoproteins, another TGN/MVB marker, and LAPM2, a late endosome/lysosome marker. Furthermore, we found that MARCH11 could increase the ubiquitination of SAMT1 and enhance its lysosomal delivery and degradation in an E3 ligase activity-dependent mann... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404657 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:51:43 +0100 5404657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404656&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv34204nw06q41214%2F Abstract  The study was aimed at determining the vascular expression of oncofetal fibronectin (oncfFn) and tenascin-C (oncfTn-C) isoforms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its metastases which are well-known targets for antibody-based pharmacodelivery. Furthermore, the influence of tumour cells on endothelial mRNA expression of these molecules was investigated. Evaluation of vascular ED-A+ and ED-B+ Fn as well as A1+ and C+ Tn-C was performed after immunofluorescence double and triple staining using human recombinant antibodies on clear cell, papillary and chromophobe primary RCC and metastases. The influence of hypoxic RCC-conditioned medium on oncfFn and oncfTn-C mRNA expression was examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by real time RT-PCR. There are RC... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404656 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:51:43 +0100 5404656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404658&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc65441375720157r%2F Abstract  Multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization is the method of choice for studies aimed at determining simultaneous production of signal transduction molecules and neuromodulators in neurons. In our analyses of the monoamine receptor mRNA expression of peptidergic neurons in the rat telencephalon, double tyramide-signal-amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization delivered satisfactory results for coexpression analysis of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and serotonin receptor 2C (5-HT2C) mRNA, a receptor subtype expressed at high-to-moderate abundance in the regions analyzed. However, expression of 5-HT1A mRNA, which is expressed at comparatively low abundance in many telencephalic areas, could not be unequivocally identified in NPY mRNA-reactive neurons due to high backgroun... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404658 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 16:51:42 +0100 5404658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404659&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkq270256l687732r%2F Abstract  Various cellular and molecular events are involved in palatogenesis, including apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell proliferation, and cell migration. Smad2 and Snail, which are well-known key mediators of the transforming growth factor beta (Tgf-β) pathway, play a crucial role in the regulation of palate development. Regulatory effects of microRNA 200b (miR-200b) on Smad2 and Snail in palatogenesis have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between palate development regulators miR-200b and Tgf-β-mediated genes. Expression of miR-200b, E-cadherin, Smad2, and Snail was detected in the mesenchyme of the mouse palate, while miR-200b was expressed in the medial edge epithelium (MEE) and palatal mesenchym... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404659 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 17:45:43 +0100 5404659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404660&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj2141h468m601613%2F Abstract  CD44 is a ubiquitous cell surface glycoprotein, involved in important cellular functions including cell adhesion, migration, and modulation of signals from cell surface receptors. While most of these CD44 functions are supposed to involve hyaluronan, relatively little is known about the contribution of CD44 to hyaluronan maintenance and organization on cell surface, and the role of CD44 in hyaluronan synthesis and catabolism. Blocking hyaluronan binding either by CD44 antibodies, CD44-siRNA or hyaluronan decasaccharides (but not hexasaccharides) removed most of the hyaluronan from the surfaces of both human (HaCaT) and mouse keratinocytes, resembling results on cells from CD44−/− animals. In vitro, compromising CD44 function led to reduced and increased amount... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404660 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 17:45:42 +0100 5404660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5396517&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F961m186g7tgq1773%2F In conclusion, the response of acinar cells to ATP is mediated by P2Y (especially P2Y1) as well as by P2X purinoceptors. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0885-0Authors Yuki Kamada, Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, JapanTomoyuki Saino, Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, JapanMakoto Oikawa, Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuda, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, JapanDaijiro Kurosaka, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, JapanYoh-ichi Satoh, Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iw... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5396517 Mon, 07 Nov 2011 17:14:19 +0100 5396517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5396518&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk7033515867q7131%2F In this study, the spatial and temporal expression of ERα and β in the tibial and spinal growth plates of the female and male rats during postnatal development was examined to explore the possible mechanisms. The level of mRNA was examined and compared with quantitative real-time PCR. The spatial location was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. The 1-, 4-, 7-, 12- and 16-week age stages correspond to early life, puberty and early adulthood after puberty, respectively. Gender- and region-specific differences in ERα and β expression were shown in the growth plates. Mainly nuclear staining of ERα and β immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the spinal and tibial growth plate chondrocytes for both genders. Moreover, our study indicated significant effect of gender on temporal... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5396518 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:07:35 +0100 5396518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5396519&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F386w71302w404816%2F Abstract  Recently a gluconeogenic enzyme was discovered—fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase)—that localizes in the nucleus of a proliferating cell, but its physiological role in this compartment remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the link between nuclear localization of FBPase and the cell cycle progression. Results of our studies indicate that in human and mouse squamous cell lung cancer, as well as in the HL-1 cardiomyocytes, FBPase nuclear localization correlates with nuclear localization of S and G2 phase cyclins. Additionally, activity and expression of the enzyme depends on cell cycle stages. Identification of FBPase interacting partners with mass spectrometry reveals a set of nuclear proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, mRNA processing and in stabiliza... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5396519 Sat, 05 Nov 2011 17:07:34 +0100 5396519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5396520&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft4154678072nlhw6%2F Abstract  Renal ischemic events open tight junctions and disrupt epithelial polarity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury on expression and distribution of the tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1, in the rat kidney. IR injury was induced by clamping both renal pedicles for 30 min and animals were killed at 6 h after the reperfusion. IR injury decreased blood bicarbonate level, but did not persistently alter pH, Na+, K+, or Cl−. In control kidneys, occludin immunoreactivity was intense in the tight junctions in the thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct, moderate in the thin limbs of the loop of Henle, and was not detected in the proximal tubule, glomerulus, and blood vessel... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5396520 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 16:58:59 +0100 5396520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5374808&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6vp7vu354r710774%2F Abstract  The localization of DDX25/GRTH and gonadotropin-stimulated RNA helicase was studied in the spermatogenic cells of rat, mouse, and guinea pig by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). Immunofluorescence studies identified four kinds of granular staining: (1) fine particles observed in meiotic cells; (2) small granules associated with a mitochondrial marker, appearing in pachytene spermatocytes after stage V; (3) short strands lacking the mitochondrial marker in late spermatocytes; and, (4) large irregularly shaped granules in round spermatids. IEM identified DDX25 signals in nine compartments: (1) fine dense particles in the meiotic cells; (2) intermitochondrial cement; (3) loose aggregates of 70–90 nm particles; (4) chromatoid bodies; (5) l... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5374808 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 05:50:30 +0100 5374808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5374812&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F07572g5513p20851%2F Abstract  Nucleomorphin (NumA1) is a nucleolar/nucleoplasmic protein linked to cell cycle in Dictyostelium. It interacts with puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase A (PsaA) which in other organisms is a Zn2+-metallopeptidase thought to be involved in cell cycle progression and is involved in several human diseases. Here, we have shown that Dictyostelium PsaA contains domains characteristic of the M1 family of Zn2+-metallopeptidases: a GAMEN motif and a Zn2+-binding domain. PsaA colocalized with NumA1 in the nucleoplasm in vegetative cells and was also present to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. The same localization pattern was observed in cells from slugs, however, in fruiting bodies PsaA was only detected in spore nuclei. During mitosis PsaA redistributed mainly throughout the... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5374812 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:59:40 +0100 5374812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5374811&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F865278763143k755%2F In this study, we show that Sostdc1, a secreted inhibitor of the Wnt pathway, is a downstream target of Shh and hypothesize that the interaction of Wnt, Shh and Sostdc1 is a pivotal mechanism controlling the spatial patterning of palatal rugae. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0870-7Authors Jong-Min Lee, Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Research Center for Orofacial Hard Tissue Regeneration, Brain Korea 21 Project, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, 120-752 KoreaSeita Miyazawa, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 JapanJeong-Oh Shin, Division in A... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5374811 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:59:40 +0100 5374811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5374810&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg8143483770367k4%2F In conclusion, this new method combines morphological and histochemical properties that allowed us to determine with high accuracy the degree of remyelination and collagen fibers reorganization. For all these reasons, we hypothesize that this new histochemical method could be useful in pathology and tissue engineering. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationPages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0874-3Authors Víctor Carriel, Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, SpainIngrid Garzón, Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, 18012 Granada, SpainMiguel Alaminos, Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Avenida ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5374810 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:59:40 +0100 5374810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5374809&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq823531226k1v277%2F Abstract  The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor with crucial importance for spermatogenesis. Its transactivation domain consists of a polymorphic sequence of 9–36 cytosin-adenin-guanin (CAG) repeats. Within the physiological range an increased CAG repeat length is assumed to correlate with the reduced androgen sensitivity resulting in impaired spermatogenesis. In 33 testes of 32 patients showing different histological pictures ranging from normal spermatogenesis, hypospermatogenesis to severe spermatogenetic impairment such as maturation arrest, Sertoli cell only Syndrome (SCO) and mixed atrophy, CAG repeat length was assessed in lymphocyte DNA, DNA/mRNA from testis homogenate and in mRNA of AR expressing Sertoli cells within the seminife... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5374809 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 16:59:40 +0100 5374809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5343389&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc225111pk4vk1086%2F Abstract  Gel-forming mucins are large, high molecular weight, and heavily O-glycosylated proteins that are responsible for the rheological properties of mucus gel. Among them, the mucin MUC5B has been implicated in breast cancer and cystic fibrosis. We obtained a new polyclonal serum, named CP1, which was isolated from a rabbit immunized with a mouse Muc5b peptide. The immunoprofile of Muc5b was determined on paraffin-embedded and frozen mouse tissue sections and showed a similar expression pattern in mouse to that in the human. The “nonmammary” mucin Muc5b was detected in all mammary tumors analyzed from MMTV-ras mice, suggesting that the CP1 antibody is a valuable tool for investigating the involvement of this mucin in mammary cancer. We also found that uninfected Cft... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5343389 Mon, 17 Oct 2011 16:02:44 +0100 5343389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5330274&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F570054663435617k%2F Abstract  The bioflavonoid quercetin has long been known to exert anti-tumor effects, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Investigation of the potential interference of this anti-oxidant with the efficacy of cell stress-inducing anti-cancer drugs revealed extensive intracellular vacuolation induced by quercetin in epithelial cancer cells that led to cell cycle arrest and ensuing apoptosis. Accumulation of biomarkers of autophagy, including fluorescent autophagy markers and acidotropic dyes characterized these vacuoles as phagolysosomes. Prior to the formation of autophagosomes, an immediate and pronounced inhibition of the autophagy-controlling mTOR activity in quercetin-treated cancer cells occurred, accompanied by a marked reduction in the phosphorylation o... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5330274 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 05:47:36 +0100 5330274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321257&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd7182j8182313426%2F This study aims to clarify responses of LRCs to allogenic tooth transplantation into mouse maxilla using prenatal BrdU-labeling, in situ hybridization for osteopontin and periostin, and immunohistochemistry for BrdU, nestin, and osteopontin. The upper-right first molars were allografted in the original socket between BrdU-labeled and non-labeled mice or between GFP transgenic and wild-type mice. Tooth transplantation caused degeneration of the odontoblast layer, resulting in the disappearance of nestin-positive reactions in the dental pulp. On postoperative days 5–7, tertiary dentin formation commenced next to the preexisting dentin where nestin-positive odontoblast-like cells were arranged in the successful cases. In BrdU-labeled transplanted teeth, dense LRCs were maintained in th... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321257 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 05:50:41 +0100 5321257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5281251&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh1534176v82203kw%2F Abstract  Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are membrane-bound cell–cell communication molecules with well-defined roles in development. However, their expression and functions in the gastric epithelium are virtually unknown. We detected several EphB receptors and ephrin-Bs in the gastric corpus mucosa of the adult rodent stomach by RT-PCR amplification. Immunostaining showed complementary expression patterns, with EphB receptors preferentially expressed in the deeper regions and ephrin-Bs in the superficial regions of the gastric units. EphB1, EphB2 and EphB3 are expressed in mucous neck, chief and parietal cells, respectively. In contrast, ephrin-B1 is in pit cells and proliferating cells of the isthmus. In a mouse ulcer model, EphB2 expression was upregulated in the reg... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5281251 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 06:31:57 +0100 5281251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257135&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fykgj13233t22038v%2F In this study, we examined the expression of FABP7 in mouse cortical stab injury model and also the phenotype of FABP7-KO mice in glial cell proliferation. Western blotting showed that FABP7 expression was increased significantly in the injured cortex compared with the contralateral side. By immunohistochemistry, FABP7 was localized to GFAP+ astrocytes (21% of FABP7+ cells) and NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (62%) in the normal cortex. In the injured cortex there was no change in the population of FABP7+/NG2+ cells, while there was a significant increase in FABP7+/GFAP+ cells. In the stab-injured cortex of FABP7-KO mice there was decrease in the total number of reactive astrocytes and in the number of BrdU+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice. Primary cultured astrocytes fro... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257135 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 06:38:55 +0100 5257135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257136&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp68868v60j425322%2F In conclusion, Pax8 is not expressed in the pancreas and cast doubts on the value of Pax8 as a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor marker. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0866-3Authors Petra I. Lorenzo, Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092 Seville, SpainCarmen M. Jimenez Moreno, Pancreatic Islet Development and Regeneration Unit, Department of Stem Cells, CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Avda Américo Vespucio, Parque Científico y Tecnológico Cartuja 93, 41092 Seville, SpainIrene Delgado, Pancreatic Isl... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257136 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 05:43:38 +0100 5257136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233132&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F13x3272851069336%2F Abstract  During the central nervous system (CNS) development, radial glia cells (RGCs) play at least two essential roles, they contribute to neuronal production and the subsequent guidance of neuronal migration, whereas its precise distribution and contribution to cerebral cortex remains less understood. In this research, we used Vimentin as an astroglial marker and Sox2 as a neural progenitor marker to identify and investigate RGCs in rat cerebral cortex at embryonic day (E) 16.5. We found that the Sox2+ progenitor cells localized in the germinal zone (GZ) of E16.5 cerebral cortex, ~95% Sox2+ cells co-localized with Vimentin+ or Nestin+ radial processes which extended to the pial surface across the cortical plate (CP). In vitro, we obtained RG-like cells from E16.5 cerebr... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233132 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 16:53:36 +0100 5233132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233133&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9064568773l14182%2F In conclusion, the study suggests that estradiol treatment leads to an effect on vimentin phosphorylation, which could have inhibited the disassembly of vimentin leading to retention of apical projection in stages VII–VIII. These effects could be presumably due to a decrease in plectin, affecting the reorganization of vimentin and therefore the apical movement of spermatids, leading to spermiation failure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0856-5Authors Rahul Upadhyay, Neuroendocrinology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 IndiaRyan D’Souza, Neuroendocrinology Division, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012 IndiaShobha Sonawane, Neuroen... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233133 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 15:52:46 +0100 5233133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233134&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F544w1324u947t26g%2F Abstract  The MAS-related gene (Mrg) receptor MrgE has been suggested to be expressed at all tissue levels involved in pain sensation and to influence the expression of another Mrg receptor, MrgF. Given the knowledge on the role of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in sensation, and the plasticity of enteric neurons during intestinal inflammation, it can be hypothesized that MrgE is expressed in enteric neurons, and that MrgE and MrgF change expression in intestinal inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the expression details of MrgE and MrgF in the murine ileum in normal and inflamed conditions. Using reverse transcriptase-PCR, quantitative-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we compared the ileum of non-inflamed control mice with that of two models of intestinal... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233134 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 05:47:21 +0100 5233134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5233135&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0l4u53q127054013%2F In this study, we investigated the localization and expression patterns of claudin-3 and -4 in the mammary glands around the lactation period because it is unclear how claudins construct mammary TJs in the apical-most regions. Our results showed that claudin-3 and -4 change not only their level of expression but also their localization in the processes of parturition, lactation, and weaning. Claudin-3 was concentrated in the apical-most regions during lactation, whereas claudin-4 gradually decreased at the beginning of lactation and increased drastically immediately after weaning. The qualitative change of claudin-3 was also identified by western blotting analysis as an additional band around the lactation period. In addition, parts of the mammary epithelial cells showed intensive po... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5233135 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 15:50:54 +0100 5233135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5217523&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F937jv8771m2pq312%2F Abstract  Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) play a fundamental role in pre-mRNA processing in the nucleus. The biogenesis of snRNPs involves a sequence of events that occurs in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Despite the wealth of biochemical information about the cytoplasmic assembly of snRNPs, little is known about the spatial organization of snRNPs in the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm of larch microsporocytes, a cyclic appearance of bodies containing small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and Sm proteins was observed during anther meiosis. We observed a correlation between the occurrence of cytoplasmic snRNP bodies, the levels of Sm proteins, and the dynamic formation of Cajal bodies. Larch microsporocytes were used for these studies. This model is characterized by natural fluc... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5217523 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 05:48:53 +0100 5217523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5203896&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg426v28520w7nn08%2F Abstract  Peroxisomes are organelles with main functions in the metabolism of lipids and of reactive oxygen species. Within the testis, they have different functional profiles depending on the cell types. A dysfunction of peroxisomes interferes with regular spermatogenesis and can lead to infertility due to spermatogenic arrest. However, so far only very little is known about the functions of peroxisomes in germ cells. We have therefore analyzed the peroxisomal compartment in germ cells and its alterations during spermatogenesis by fluorescence and electron microscopy as well as by expression profiling of peroxisome-related genes in purified cell populations isolated from mouse testis. We could show that peroxisomes are present in all germ cells of the germinal epithelium. ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5203896 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 08:54:40 +0100 5203896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5203897&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6r250x1v0813u3j8%2F In this study, we investigated the expression of HPSE-1 in the VP of 90-day-old rats after neonatal exposure to a high dose of 17β-estradiol. HPSE-1 was not found by immunohistochemistry in the epithelium of estrogenized animals. To determine whether inhibition of Hpse-1 expression in the epithelium was due to pre- or post-transcriptional regulation, epithelial cells were isolated by centrifugation in Percoll gradient and the presence of Hpse-1 mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR. Hpse-1 mRNA was not detected in the estrogenized animals. Considering that Hpse-1 transcription could be inhibited by DNA methylation, we used the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII and PCR to show that a single CCGG site at position +185 was more frequently methylated in the epithelium of estrogeniz... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5203897 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 06:39:57 +0100 5203897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5190998&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frh57622243qj6060%2F Abstract  Dental pulp stem cells (hDP-SCs) were primarily derived from pulp tissues of primary incisors, exfoliated deciduous and permanent third molar teeth. To understand the characteristics of hDP-SCs from impacted third molar, proliferation capacities, gene expression profiles, phenotypic, ultrastructural, and differentiation characteristics were analyzed in comparison with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), extensively. hDP-SCs showed more developed and metabolically active cells. Contrary to hBM-MSCs, hDP-SCs strongly expressed both cytokeratin (CK)-18 and -19, which could involve in odontoblast differentiation and dentine repair. The intrinsic neuro-glia characteristics of hDP-MSCs were demonstrated by the expression of several specific tran... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5190998 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:59:38 +0100 5190998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5190999&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1k607391360l2242%2F Abstract  Localization of three P2X and six P2Y receptors in sinus endothelial cells of the rat spleen was examined by immunofluorescent microscopy, and ultrastructural localization of the detected receptors was examined by immunogold electron microscopy. In immunofluorescent microscopy, labeling for anti-P2Y1, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptors was detected in endothelial cells, but P2X1, P2X2, P2X4, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y13 receptors was not detected. P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors were prominently localized in the basal parts of endothelial cells. P2Y6 receptor was not only predominantly localized in the basal parts of endothelial cells, but also in the superficial layer. Triple immunofluorescent staining for a combination of two P2Y receptors and actin filaments showed that P2Y1, P2Y6, a... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5190999 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 15:59:35 +0100 5190999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5173826&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl183838158g702t0%2F Abstract  We have colocalized elastin and fibrillin-1 with perlecan in extracellular matrix of tensional and weight-bearing connective tissues. Elastin and fibrillin-1 were identified as prominent components of paraspinal blood vessels, and posterior longitudinal ligament in the human fetal spine and outer annulus fibrosus of the fetal intervertebral disc. We also colocalized perlecan with a synovial elastic basal lamina, where the attached synovial cells were observed to produce perlecan. Elastin, fibrillin-1 and perlecan were co-localized in the intima and media of small blood vessels in the synovium and in human fetal paraspinal blood vessels. Elastic fibers were observed at the insertion point of the anterior cruciate ligament to bone in the ovine stifle joint where the... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5173826 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 15:48:15 +0100 5173826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5155345&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm4w1817g31625681%2F Abstract  In superficial umbrella cells of normal urothelium, uroplakins (UPs) are assembled into urothelial plaques, which form fusiform vesicles (FVs) and microridges of the apical cell surface. Altered urothelial differentiation causes changes in the cell surface structure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural localization of UPIa, UPIb, UPII and UPIIIa in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced preneoplastic mouse urothelium. In normal urothelium, terminally differentiated umbrella cells expressed all four UPs, which were localized to the large urothelial plaques covering mature FVs and the apical plasma membrane. The preneoplastic urothelium contained two types of superficial cells with altered differentiation: (1) poorly differentiated cells with microvilli and small, ro... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5155345 Fri, 19 Aug 2011 05:49:12 +0100 5155345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5155346&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb077360551435p01%2F Abstract  Efferent olivocochlear feedback innervation modulates the stream of auditory information from cochlea to brainstem by regulating auditory nerve activity and controlling the contribution of cochlear outer hair cells to basilar membrane motion. In our previous work, we gave a first description of glycine receptors (GlyRs) in the rat cochlea indicating a possible localization at efferent cochlear synapses. Here, we analyze the developmental regulation of GlyR transcripts and protein within the developing murine organ of Corti (postnatal days P0–P21). Using quantitative RT-PCR, GlyRα1 and α2 were identified as the predominant GlyRα subunit transcripts before the onset of hearing (<P12), whereas GlyRα3 prevailed afterwards. Compared to GlyRα subunits, high le... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5155346 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 05:59:37 +0100 5155346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5155347&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv28218718001m541%2F Abstract  Lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins that support nuclear membranes. They are divided into A-type lamins, which include lamin A and C, and B-type lamins, which include lamin B1 and B2. In the rat brain, lamin A and C are expressed in relatively equal amounts, while the expressions of lamin B1 and B2 vary depending on the cell type. Lamins play important roles in normal morphogenesis and function. In the nervous system, their abnormal expression causes several neurodegenerative diseases such as peripheral neuropathy, leukodystrophy and lissencephaly. The retina belongs to the central nervous system (CNS) and has widely been used as a source of CNS neurons. We investigated the expression patterns of lamin subtypes in the adult rat retina by immunohistoch... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5155347 Sun, 14 Aug 2011 05:45:04 +0100 5155347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5129814&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn3t837531r721g56%2F Abstract  Both growth factor directed and integrin dependent signal transduction were shown to take place directly after completion of mitosis. The local activation of these signal transduction cascades was investigated in early G1 cells. Interestingly, various key signal transduction proteins were found in blebs at the cell membrane within 30 min after mitosis. These membrane blebs appeared in round, mitotic-like cells and disappeared rapidly during spreading of the cells in G1 phase. In addition to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, the blebs contained also phosphorylated FAK and phosphorylated MAP kinase. The formation of membrane blebs in round, mitotic cells before cell spreading is not specific for mitotic cells, because similar features were observed in trypsiniz... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5129814 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 05:55:39 +0100 5129814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116929&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F27l7087m21284814%2F In conclusion, the present study finally characterised an intrinsically mechanosensitive ion channel, the K2P channel TRAAK, on the terminals of identified myelinated vagal nodose airway afferents, organised as SMARs and as components of the innervation of NEBs. These data support the hypothesis that both SMARs and NEBs harbour the morphological counterparts of electrophysiologically identified myelinated vagal airway mechanoreceptors. TRAAK appears to be strongly involved in regulating airway mechanosensing since it was found to be expressed on the terminals of all subpopulations of potential vagal mechanosensors. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0837-8Authors Robrecht Lembrechts, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Hist... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116929 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 05:53:50 +0100 5116929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5116928&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3008l43l1280m626%2F Abstract  The development of the nephron is piloted by interactions between epithelial and surrounding mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Data show that an astonishingly wide interstitial space separates both kinds of stem/progenitor cells. A simple contrasting procedure was applied to visualize features that keep renal epithelial and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in distance. The kidney of neonatal rabbits was fixed in solutions containing glutaraldehyde (GA) in combination with alcian blue, lanthanum, ruthenium red, or tannic acid. To obtain a comparable view to the renal stem/progenitor cell niche, the tissue was exactly orientated along the axis of collecting ducts. Fixation with GA or in combination with alcian blue or lanthanum revealed an inconspicuous interstiti... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5116928 Sat, 06 Aug 2011 05:53:50 +0100 5116928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105901&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F30182r8811118l05%2F Abstract  Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are membrane-bound cell–cell communication molecules that regulate the spatial organisation of cells in various tissues by repulsive or adhesive signals arising from contact between EphB- and ephrin-bearing cells. However, the expression and functions of Eph receptors in the gastric epithelium and Brunner’s glands are virtually unknown. We detected several EphB receptors and ephrin-B ligands in the pyloric and duodenal mucosa of the adult mouse by RT-PCR amplification. Immunostaining showed complementary expression patterns, with ephrin-B1 being preferentially expressed in the superficial part and EphB receptors in the deeper part of both epithelia. In the gastric pylorus, ephrin-B1 was expressed in pit cells and proliferating ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105901 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:52:52 +0100 5105901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105902&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjj47818w68u17831%2F Abstract  Resveratrol has been extensively investigated because of its beneficial effects in delaying age-related diseases, thus extending the lifespan, possibly by mimicking calorie restriction. For this study, cell biological techniques were used to examine how resveratrol influenced hepatocytes in a senescence-accelerated mouse P10 (SAMP10), treated from 35 to 55 weeks of age, with special emphasis on the relationship between mitochondria and lipid droplets. Survival ratio, body weight and food intake of SAMP10 did not differ significantly between the control and resveratrol-treated groups. Compared with the control, the treated livers were altered significantly, as follows. Lipid droplets were reduced and mitochondria were increased in number in hepatocytes. Phosph... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105902 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:52:51 +0100 5105902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105903&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F252pk8t1vk1h7566%2F Abstract  The detection of odorants in vertebrates is mediated by chemosensory neurons that reside in the olfactory epithelium of the nose. In land-living species, the hydrophobic odorous compounds inhaled by the airstream are dissolved in the nasal mucus by means of specialized globular proteins, the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). To assure the responsiveness to odors of each inhalation, a rapid removal of odorants from the microenvironment of the receptor is essential. In order to follow the fate of OBP/odorant complexes, a recombinant OBP was fluorescently labeled, loaded with odorous compounds, and applied to the nose of a mouse. Very quickly, labeled OBP appeared inside the sustentacular cells of the epithelium. This uptake occurred only when the OBP was loaded with ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105903 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:52:50 +0100 5105903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105904&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6506655733404401%2F Abstract  Structural changes of podocytes and retraction of their foot processes are a critical factor in the pathogenesis of minimal change nephritis and glomerulosclerosis. Here we tested, if connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in podocyte injury during acute and chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) as animal models of minimal change nephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, respectively. Rats were treated once (acute PAN) or for 13 weeks (chronic PAN). In both experimental conditions, CTGF and its mRNA were found to be highly upregulated in podocytes. The upregulation correlated with onset and duration of proteinuria in acute PAN, and glomerulosclerosis and high expression of glomerular fibronectin, and collagens I, III, and IV i... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105904 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 15:23:37 +0100 5105904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5102654&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhuh65w151622061m%2F Abstract  Estradiol and progesterone mediate their actions by binding to classical nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and progesterone receptor A and B (PR-A and PR-B) and the non-classical G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Several animal knock-out models have shown the importance of the receptors for growth of the oocyte and ovulation. The aim of our study was to identify GPER in human granulosa cells (GC) for the first time. Moreover, the effect of different doses of gonadotropins on estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human ovary should be investigated as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are also responsible for numerous mechanisms in the ovary like induction of the steroid biosyn... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5102654 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 05:53:47 +0100 5102654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085140&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn33555755n11n466%2F Abstract  Lectins have been proven to be invaluable reagents for the histochemical detection of glycans in cells and tissues by light and electron microscopy. This technical review deals with the conditions of tissue fixation and embedding for lectin labeling, as well as various markers and related labeling techniques. Furthermore, protocols for lectin labeling of sections from paraffin and resin-embedded tissues are detailed together with various controls to demonstrate the specificity of the labeling by lectins. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-14DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0848-5Authors Jürgen Roth, Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, WCU Program of Yonsei University Graduate School, Advanced Science and Technology Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shi... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085140 Sat, 30 Jul 2011 15:52:39 +0100 5085140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085141&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdg6360m474l8456k%2F Abstract   Gsdm is a newly found gene family, which is restricted in its expression to the gastrointestinal tract and the skin epithelium. As a main member of the Gsdma subfamily, Gsdma3 is expressed specifically in the hair follicle of mouse skin, but its function remains largely unclear. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, we showed that Gsdma3 gene mutation caused an abnormal catagen phase with unshortened length and unshrunk structure of the hair follicle, in which the development of catagen phase was inhibited. TUNEL staining further revealed that the apoptosis of the hair follicle was obviously decreased in mutant mice. Caspase-3 downregulation was also detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT-PCR in the hair follicle of the mutant mice. After intradermal in... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085141 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:06:54 +0100 5085141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085142&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvxl03553q7wj5wk2%2F Abstract  Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a method that allows the investigation of the molecular content of tissues within its morphological context. Since it is able to measure the distribution of hundreds of analytes at once, while being label free, this method has great potential which has been increasingly recognized in the field of tissue-based research. In the last few years, MALDI-IMS has been successfully used for the molecular assessment of tissue samples mainly in biomedical research and also in other scientific fields. The present article will give an update on the application of MALDI-IMS in clinical and preclinical research. It will also give an overview of the multitude of technical advancements of this m... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085142 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 16:06:53 +0100 5085142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5085143&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd733751l71832ku5%2F This study was aimed to identify the proteins interacting with NANOS1-PUMILIO2 complex in the human spermatogenic cells. Here, using the yeast two-hybrid system we found that NANOS1 and PUMILIO2 proteins interact with RNA DEAD-box helicase GEMIN3, a microRNA biogenesis factor. Moreover, GEMIN3 coimmunoprecipitates with NANOS1 and PUMILIO2 in transfected mammalian cells. By double immunofluorescence staining, we observed that complexes built of NANOS1, PUMILIO2 and GEMIN3 are located within cytoplasmic region of germ cells. These proteins condense to form a compact aggregate in the round spermatids of the human and mouse germ cells. This aggregate was reminiscent of the chromatoid body (CB), a perinuclear structure present in the mammalian male germ line. This structure is considered... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5085143 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 15:56:57 +0100 5085143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5076211&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F54414557h6304480%2F In conclusion, proliferation and apoptosis in rat placental cells appears controlled mostly by the CIP/KIP inhibitors in late pregnancy. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0841-zAuthors Emin Turkay Korgun, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, TurkeyGozde Unek, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, TurkeyEmilio Herrera, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, SpainCarolyn J. Jones, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, MAHSC, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UKChristian Wadsack, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaDijle Kipmen... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5076211 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 05:47:13 +0100 5076211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061306&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg877101167234482%2F Abstract  Wild-type (WT) and myosin heavy chain IIB null [MHCIIB (−/−)] embryonic fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to assess the role of the isoform B of myosin II (MII) in the regulation of the cell shape and intrinsic polarity. Genetic ablation of MHCIIB causes a persistent albeit, unstable protrusive activity in embryonic fibroblasts (Lo et al. in Nonmuscle myosin IIB is involved in the guidance of fibroblast migration. Mol Biol Cell 15:982–989, 2004). Here, we show that MHCIIB-deficient fibroblasts are characterized by a sustained guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-dependent activation of the small GTPase Rac-1 that is responsible for the continual lamellipodium formation. Moreover, we observed a sustained PKC-ζ activation and an increased asso... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061306 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 17:05:28 +0100 5061306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5061307&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F16636647m34h1466%2F Abstract  Liver regeneration may take place after liver injury through replication of hepatocytes or hepatic progenitor cells called oval cells. Interferons (IFN) are natural cytokines with pleiotrophic effects including antiviral and antiproliferative actions. No data are yet available on the physiology and cellular source of natural IFNs during liver regeneration. To address this issue, we have analyzed the levels and biologic activities of IFN-α/IFN-γ in two models of partial hepatectomy. After 2/3rd partial hepatectomy (PH), hepatic levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ declined transiently in contrast to a transient increase of the IFN-γ serum level. After administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene and partial hepatectomy (AAF/PH model), however, both IFN-α and IFN-γ expressio... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5061307 Thu, 21 Jul 2011 18:03:47 +0100 5061307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048090&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff081745504242752%2F In this study, immunolocalizations and a GFP fusion construct localized Cdk5 predominantly to the nucleus of vegetative cells. Western blots showed that Cdk5 was present in both nuclear and non-nuclear fractions, suggesting a functional role in both cellular locales. During the early stages of mitosis, Cdk5 gradually moved from a punctate nucleoplasmic distribution to localize adjacent to the inner nuclear envelope. During anaphase and telophase, Cdk5 localized to the cytoplasm and was not detected in the nucleoplasm. Cdk5 returned to the nucleus during cytokinesis. Proteolytic activity has been shown to be a critical regulator of the cell cycle. Immunoprecipitations coupled with immunolocalizations identified puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase A (PsaA) as a potential Cdk5 binding p... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048090 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 15:58:40 +0100 5048090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5017643&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr011119354752835%2F In this study, using high-density micromass cultures, we have assessed the response of foetal outer annulus cells to growth factor stimulation with TGF-β1 and IGF-1, growth factors known to occur within the developing disc. We qualitatively and quantitatively describe the stimulatory effects of these growth factors, both alone and in combination, on the synthesis of sulphated glycosaminoglycan, and collagen types I and II by annulus cells. We show a potential role for TGF-β1 in pushing cells towards a fibrocartilaginous phenotype, with possible complementary effects of IGF-1. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0835-xAuthors Anthony J. Hayes, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, PO Box 911, Cardiff, CF... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5017643 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:31:42 +0100 5017643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5017644&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F167t627n6231h578%2F This study quantified the mRNA profile of CAs in rat articular cartilage, using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Among the 13 functional CAs, CAs II, III, Vb, IX, XII and XIII were significantly expressed at mRNA level by the chondrocytes in articular cartilage. To verify these significantly expressed CAs in articular cartilage at protein level, immunohistochemistry was performed. While CAs III, Vb and XII distributed in the full-thickness of cartilage, including the calcified zone of cartilage, CA II was mainly localized in the proliferative zone of cartilage. CA IX was limited in the superficial zone of cartilage and CA XIII expressed in the superficial and partially mid zone. These results provide a framework for understanding individual CAs as well as the integrated CA f... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5017644 Fri, 08 Jul 2011 06:31:41 +0100 5017644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4991594&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fln145g578768576n%2F Abstract  In pigs, myogenesis is a biphasic phenomenon with the formation of primary and secondary fibres. Hyperplasia was reported to be accomplished around 90 days of gestation. However, some studies suggest a substantial increase in the total fibre number (TFN) from birth to weaning by counting fibre number in the muscle cross sections. The aim of this study was to establish in which way TFN increases after birth and whether this increase is imputable to new (tertiary) myofibres and/or fibre elongation. The semitendinosus muscle of 128 piglets was examined at days 1 (n = 63), 7 (n = 12), 21 (n = 12), and 28 (n = 41) of age. TFN was increased at days 7, 21 and 28 of age when compared with day 1 (P < 0.01). From day 1... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4991594 Tue, 28 Jun 2011 06:04:51 +0100 4991594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4974505&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq68q2212k3858h27%2F Abstract  The compound eyes of ark clams appear to function as an optical system to trigger shell closure against predators. We have analyzed the structure of the ommatidia of Arca noae by thin section electron microscopy and serial sectioning, Concanavalin A–gold labeling and acid phosphatase cytochemistry. Our results demonstrate that the ommatidia are a three-tier structure composed of a central single receptor cell, surrounded and covered by proximal pigment cells followed by rows of distal pigment cells. The receptor cells of Arca noae have no lens and the disks of their receptive segment are derived from sensory cilia. The distal mitochondrial segment in the cytoplasm between the nucleus and the receptive segment is surrounded by a mass of Concanavalin A-reactive glyc... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4974505 Sat, 25 Jun 2011 15:52:46 +0100 4974505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4974506&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg41525010x5015h4%2F In this study, the PCM was investigated with a proteomic approach using chondrons, which are enzymatically isolated constructs including the chondrocyte and its surrounding PCM. Chondrons and chondrocytes alone were isolated from human articular cartilage. Proteins extracted from chondrons and chondrocytes were used for two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots were quantitatively compared between chondron and chondrocyte gels. Cellular proteins, which had similar density between chondron and chondrocyte gels, did not proceed for analysis. Since chondrons only differ from chondrocytes in association of the PCM, protein spots in the chondron gels that had higher quantity than that in the chondrocyte gels were selected as candidates of the PCM components and processed for mass spe... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4974506 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 06:02:37 +0100 4974506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4967385&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmpt880g43038p843%2F Abstract  Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is a rare, bilateral autosomal dominant disorder affecting primarily the corneal endothelium and descemet membrane (DM). The aim of this study was to establish the origin of abnormal endothelium in a patient with PPCD exhibiting cornea graft failure after keratoplasty surgery. A sex-mismatched graft obtained from a patient with PPCD who underwent repeat penetrating keratoplasty and the patient’s original cornea were investigated. Combined fluorescent immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin (CK) 19 (a marker of aberrant PPCD endothelium) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the sex chromosomes were used in order to characterize the cells on the posterior graft surface. The pathological endothelium of the f... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4967385 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:56:25 +0100 4967385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4959167&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx1p4h744j2424h77%2F Abstract  Epithelial tuft cells are named after their characteristic microtubule bundles located at the cell apex where these are exposed to the luminal environment. As such, tuft cells are found in multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where the apical “tuft” is hypothesized to detect and transmit environmental signals. Thus, the goal of our study was to characterize gastric tuft cells during GI tract development, then subsequently in the normal and metaplastic adult stomach. GI tracts from mouse embryos, and newborn and postnatal mice were analyzed. Tuft cells were identified by immunohistochemistry using acetylated-α-tubulin (acTub) antibody to detect the microtubule bundle. Additional tuft cell markers, e.g., doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4959167 Mon, 20 Jun 2011 14:20:29 +0100 4959167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951179&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw70322u66418qj97%2F Abstract  The specific function of the epithelium as critical barrier between the intestinal lumen and the organism’s internal microenvironment is reflected by permanent maintenance of intercellular junctions and cellular polarity. The intestinal epithelial cells are responsible for absorption of nutritional components, facing mechanical stress and a changing oxygen supplementation via blood stream. Oxygen itself can regulate the barrier and the absorptive function of the epithelium. Therefore, we compared the dish cell culture, the transwell-like membrane culture and the oxygen enriched air–liquid interface (ALI) culture. We demonstrated strong influence of the different culture conditions on morphology and function of intestinal porcine epithelial cell lines in vitro.... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951179 Fri, 17 Jun 2011 10:58:53 +0100 4951179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951180&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ffn4k3x736l431322%2F Abstract  To investigate the biological significance of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) involvement in oocyte maturation, we screened for proteins that bound to UCH-L1 in mouse ovaries, and we found that the prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1) protein was able to bind to UCH-L1. PTOV1 is highly expressed in prostate cancers and considered as a potential marker for carcinogenesis and the progress of prostate cancer. It was reported that PTOV1 plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, but its role in mammalian oocyte development and meiosis is still unclear. In this paper, it was found that the expression levels of PTOV1 in mouse ovaries progressively increased from prepubescence to adulthood. And we found by immunohistochemistry that PTOV1 spread... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951180 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 05:54:49 +0100 4951180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4951181&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk152447hw551h041%2F Abstract  Specific sensory neuronal subpopulations show contrasting responses to peripheral nerve injury, as shown by the axotomy-induced death of many cutaneous sensory neurons whilst muscular sensory afferents survive an identical insult. We used a novel combination of retrograde neuronal tracing with immunohistochemistry and laser microdissection techniques, in order to describe the neurochemistry of medial gastrocnemius (muscular sensory afferents) and sural (cutaneous sensory afferents) branches of the rat sciatic nerve and relate this to the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 gene expression following nerve transection. Our results demonstrated distinctions in medial gastrocnemius and sural neuron populations with the most striking difference in the respective proportions of isol... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4951181 Wed, 15 Jun 2011 05:51:45 +0100 4951181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931953&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9qw61861h636n404%2F Abstract  A continuous chemosensory monitoring of the ingested food is of vital importance for adjusting digestive processes according to diet composition. Although any dysfunction of this surveillance system may be the cause of severe gastrointestinal disorders, information about the cellular and molecular basis of chemosensation in the gastrointestinal tract is limited. The porcine alimentary canal is considered as an appropriate model for the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the gastric mucosa of swine for cells which express gustatory transduction elements such as TRPM5 or PLCβ2, and thus may represent candidate “chemosensors”. It was found that the porcine stomach indeed contains cells expressing gustatory marker molecule... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931953 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 06:03:21 +0100 4931953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931954&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd08n1761l528w180%2F In this study, we re-evaluate the intrarenal and intracellular immunolocalization of WNK4 in the mouse kidney using a newly generated anti-WNK4 antibody. By performing double immunofluorescence of WNK4 with several nephron-segment-specific markers, we have found that WNK4 is present in podocytes in glomeruli, the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop including macula densa, and the medullary collecting ducts (MCD), in addition to the previously identified nephron segments, i.e., DCT and CCD. These results are consistent with the finding that WNK4 constitutes a kinase cascade with OSR1/SPAK and NCC in the DCT, and highlights a novel role for WNK4 in nephron segments newly identified as being WNK4-positive in this study. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-11DOI 10.1007/... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931954 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 06:41:44 +0100 4931954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4919884&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhl47050pr307152k%2F Abstract  Implantation of tissue-engineered heterotopic cartilage into joint cartilage defects might be an alternative approach to improve articular cartilage repair. Hence, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage produced with heterotopic (auricular, nasoseptal and articular) chondrocytes seeded on polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds in vitro and in vivo using the nude mice xenograft model. PGA scaffolds were seeded with porcine articular, auricular and nasoseptal chondrocytes using a dynamic culturing procedure. Constructs were pre-cultured 3 weeks in vitro before being implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 1, 6 or 12 weeks, non-seeded scaffolds were implanted as controls. Heterotopic neo-cartilage quali... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4919884 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 15:48:04 +0100 4919884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4919885&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1k15lk5l1x524053%2F Abstract  β-thalassemia caused by the C→T mutation at nucleotide 654 of the intron 2 (βIVSII-654) results in aberrant splicing of β-globin RNA, leading to an almost absence of β-globin synthesis. Although trabecular and cortical bone loss was previously reported in β-thalassemic mice with deletion of β-globin gene, the microscopic changes in trabecular structure in βIVSII-654 thalassemic mice remained elusive. Here, we investigated the macroscopic and microscopic bone changes in 12-week-old βIVSII-654 knockin thalassemic mice by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and histomorphometric analysis, respectively. DXA revealed a decrease in bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae and tibial metaphysis, but not in the femoral diaphysis, suggesting that βIVSII-654... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4919885 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 15:48:03 +0100 4919885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4900992&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft329457p75392671%2F Abstract  Diabetes is a debilitating disease with chronic evolution that affects many tissues and organs over its course. Thymus is an organ that is affected early after the onset of diabetes, gradually involuting until it loses most of its thymocyte populations. We show evidence of accumulating free fatty acids with generation of eicosanoids in the diabetic thymus and we present a possible mechanism for the involution of the organ during the disease. Young rats were injected with streptozotocin and their thymuses examined for cell death by flow cytometry and TUNEL reaction. Accumulation of lipids in the diabetic thymus was investigated by histology and electron microscopy. The identity and quantitation of accumulating lipids was done with gas chromatography–mass spectrom... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4900992 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:12:23 +0100 4900992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4861034&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4851255427413868%2F Abstract  Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by the features of systemic autoimmunity and exocrine gland dysfunction and inflammation. Deregulated cytokine production is known to contribute to the etiology of SS but the underlying molecular mechanism is still remains to be unclear. TNF-α-induced protein 3 or TNFAIP3 is involved in the negative feedback regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in response to specific pro-inflammatory stimuli in different cell types. To define the contribution of TNFAIP3 to SS, the levels of TNFAIP3 expression in human salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) derived from active primary SS patients were analyzed. Histological analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded human Sjögren’s samples and healthy tissues. In sepa... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4861034 Fri, 20 May 2011 16:05:33 +0100 4861034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4852169&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F186784t018m60670%2F Abstract  Calreticulin (CRT)-1 is a major Ca2+-buffering protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Human and murine CRT-2 was isolated in 2002, but the subcellular localization and function is still unclear. Here, we studied the intracellular localization and function of CRT-2 with hemagglutinin-tagged (HA-) human CRT-2. Western blotting revealed HA-CRT-2 as a single band at 50 kDa. Using immunofluorescence microscopy of cultured fibroblasts and epithelial cells transfected with HA-CRT-2 cDNA, labeling for HA-CRT-2 was seen as a reticular network with a nuclear envelope pattern that colocalized with calnexin and protein disulfide isomerase. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that HA-CRT-2 was localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Stains-all stai... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4852169 Wed, 18 May 2011 06:14:22 +0100 4852169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839467&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdn35w52546855248%2F Abstract  Gene divergence has given rise to the galectin family of mammalian lectins. Since selective binding to distinct β-galactosides underlies the known bioactivities of galectins, they could find application in cyto- and histochemistry. The pertinent question on the characteristics of their individual reactivity profiles therefore needs to be answered. Toward this end, comparative studies of a panel of galectins in defined systems are required. We here characterise the staining profiles of seven human lectins as well as five natural derivatives originating from proteolytic truncation and serine phosphorylation and one engineered variant. As test system, bovine germinal vesicle oocytes with their glycoprotein envelope (zona pellucida), which presents bi- to tetraantenn... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839467 Mon, 16 May 2011 08:43:06 +0100 4839467 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839469&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvn954427881hmx2p%2F Abstract  It is well-known that nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure are associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. For a long time, it has been thought that hyperlipidemia is a secondary and insignificant condition of these renal injuries. Recently, it has been shown that dyslipidaemia may contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) null mice are a very popular model for studying spontaneous hypercholesterolemia, but only limited data are available for the role of apolipoprotein E in kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate kidney disease in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. For this study, apoE null mice and control mice at different ages (6 weeks and 15 months) were used. Kidn... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839469 Sat, 14 May 2011 05:48:05 +0100 4839469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4839468&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F545rj665232355x1%2F This study establishes an antigen retrieval (AR) protocol to improve the ICC detection of ER chaperones in cultured cells using widely available antibodies against synthetic peptides. Among ten different antigen retrieval/fixation conditions, only the AR with Tris–HCl (pH 9.5) containing 6 M urea (80°C for 10 min) significantly improved the ICC detection of the novel ER chaperone sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Extended fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 h effectively preserved the morphology of the ER under the AR condition. This method greatly enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio in Sig-1R ICC, thus allowing for semi-quantitative detection of protein upregulation under ER stress. The AR similarly improved the ICC detection of a series ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4839468 Sat, 14 May 2011 05:48:05 +0100 4839468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4779595&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp667112743q1m025%2F In conclusion, the co-culture with PAGCs has a beneficial effect on the growth and maturation of immature oocytes. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0812-4Authors Zhanbiao Li, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaPan Zhang, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaZhipeng Zhang, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaBo Pan, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 ChinaHuhe Chao, Laboratory of Germ Cell Biolo... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4779595 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 23:19:04 +0100 4779595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4779596&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F900181q80p312844%2F Abstract  Overt neoplasia is often the end result of a long biological process beginning with the appearance of focal lesions of altered tissue morphology. While the putative clonal nature of focal lesions has often been emphasized, increasing attention is being devoted to the possible role of an altered growth pattern in the evolution of carcinogenesis. Here we compare the growth patterns of normal and nodular hepatocytes in a transplantation system that allows their selective clonal proliferation in vivo. Rats were pre-treated with retrorsine, which blocks the growth of resident hepatocytes, and were then transplanted with hepatocytes isolated from either normal liver or hepatocyte nodules. Both cell types were able to proliferate extensively in the recipient liver, as ex... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4779596 Thu, 28 Apr 2011 17:16:55 +0100 4779596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752797&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg6g3612lt6314q8v%2F Abstract  Although expression of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides has been reported in the brain, nothing is known about TFF expression in the retina. The aim of this study was to test whether TFF peptides are expressed in the murine retina and have any function here. In contrast to most tissues studied, where TFF1 and TFF3 are the predominant peptides, TFF2 is the only peptide expressed in the murine retina. Immunohistochemical studies on murine retinal sections indicate that cells of the ganglion cell layer are the retinal source for murine TFF2 (Tff2). In organotypic murine retina cell cultures recombinant TFF2 exerted a strong pro-apoptotic and pro-proliferative rather than an anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferating effect described in most human cancer cell lines inv... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752797 Thu, 21 Apr 2011 18:01:58 +0100 4752797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708594&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fct55qn75p4913614%2F Abstract  Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are accompanied by changes in the cardiac extra cellular matrix (cECM) including the re-expression of oncofetal fibronectin (Fn) and tenascin-C (Tn-C) variants. Human antibodies against these variants are usable for targeted therapy. Aim of the study was the comparative analysis of cECM remodelling in tissue samples from right atrial auricle (RAA) and left ventricular septum (LVS). RAA and LVS specimens from 30 patients (17 × AVS; 13 × AVS+CAD) were analysed with respect to histological changes and ECM remodelling using PCR based ECM gene expression profiling. Re-expression of ED-A+ Fn and A1+ Tn-C was investigated on the mRNA and on the protein level. For immunofluorescence, human ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708594 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 15:48:13 +0100 4708594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4708595&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwu226424109g3846%2F In this study, we investigated the effect of platelet-released growth factors (PRGF) on tenocytes. Tenocytes were isolated from the Achilles tendon of postnatal rats. Tenocyte cell cultures were stimulated with PRGF. We used a CyQuant assay and WST assay to analyse tendon cell growth and viability in different concentrations of PRGF. Migration and proliferation of cells grown in PRGF were assessed by a scratch test. A dual-luciferase assay was used to demonstrate the activation of the anti-oxidant response element (ARE) in tenocytes. A positive effect of PRGF could be shown on tendon cell growth and migratory capacity. PRGF activated the Nrf2–ARE pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence of a biological effect of PRGF on tenocytes by the promotion of tenocyte gr... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4708595 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 07:07:15 +0100 4708595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4692393&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8w1211t560n3145%2F Abstract  The Slit glycoproteins and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors regulate migration and growth of many types of cells including human cancer cells. However, little is known about the expression and roles of Slit/Robo in human ovarian cancer. Herein, we examined the expression of Slit/Robo in human normal and malignant ovarian tissues and its potential participation in regulating migration and proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells using two ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3. We demonstrated that Slit2/3 and Robo1 were immunolocalized primarily in stromal cells in human normal ovaries and in cancer cells in many histotypes of ovarian cancer tissues. Protein expression of Slit2/3 and Robo1/4 was also identified in OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells. However, reco... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4692393 Tue, 05 Apr 2011 10:00:01 +0100 4692393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4682659&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb162662578t2gl33%2F Abstract  The consequence of presence versus absence of mucosal neurons is not consistently assessed. Here, we addressed two questions. First, based on resected gut specimens of 65 patients/body donors suffering from different diseases, counts of mucosal neurons per mm2 were analysed with respect to age, gender and region. Second, we evaluated resected megacolonic specimens of four patients suffering from chronic Chagas’ disease. Mucosal wholemounts were triple-stained for calretinin (CALR), peripherin (PER) and human neuronal protein Hu C/D (HU). Counts revealed no clear correlation between the presence of mucosal neurons and age, gender or region. Mucosal neurons were present in 30 of 36 specimens derived from males (83%) and in 20 of 29 from females (69%). The numbers ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4682659 Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:50:54 +0100 4682659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4675821&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3550173354k27027%2F Abstract  Leptin is a potent growth-stimulating factor of bone. The effects of leptin on bone growth differ significantly between axial and appendicular regions. Gender differences of leptin function have also been suggested in normal pubertal development. To explore the mechanisms underlying these effects, we investigated the spatial and temporal expressions of the active form of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) in the tibial and spinal growth plates of the female and male rats during postnatal development. The 1-, 4-, 7-, 12- and 16-week age stages are representative for early life, puberty and early adulthood after puberty, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used for Ob-Rb mRNA examination and comparison. The spatial location of Ob-Rb was determined by immunohistoch... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4675821 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 07:20:39 +0100 4675821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4663128&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F93437h31082n6041%2F Abstract  Haematogenous metastasis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still a poorly understood process and represents the life threatening event in this malignancy. In particular, the rate-limiting step within the metastatic cascade is not yet clearly defined although, many findings indicate, that extravasation of circulating tumour cells is crucially important as most tumour cells within the circulation undergo apoptosis. If extravasation of SCLC tumour cells mimics leukocyte–endothelial interactions, SCLC cells should adhere to E- and P-selectins expressed on the luminal surface of activated endothelium. The adhesion to E- and P-selectin under physiological shear stress with regard to adhesive events, rolling behaviour and rolling velocity was determined in the human ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4663128 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 06:06:15 +0100 4663128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641471&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm0g602614528p1q2%2F This study presents the development of targeted and antibody cross-linked QDs and explores whether these bioconjugates could specifically and effectively label Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) on fixed cells and tissues. QD-antibody conjugation was achieved by using our previously invented AmiNoacid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpining Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method. In this method, we have used a photosensitive aminoacid monomer having ruthenium complex which is a synthetic and inexpensive material for the preparation of bioconjugates. Its specificity was demonstrated by extracting the active enzyme from rat liver lysate by using the bioconjugate. It provided accurate antibody orientation, high specificity and mechanic stability. The protocol steps for QD-antibody con... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641471 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 05:58:30 +0100 4641471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4641472&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr733775k3864438m%2F In conclusion, selective warm I/R induces a substantial “sympathetic/bystander” effect on the non-ischemic lobes in terms of HMGB1 translocation and local cytokine production. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0802-6Authors Anding Liu, Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Drackendorfer straße1, 07747 Jena, GermanyOlaf Dirsch, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, GermanyHaoshu Fang, Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Drackendorfer straße1, 07747 Jena, GermanyJian Sun, Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascul... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4641472 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:56:30 +0100 4641472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4621386&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7871181334135046%2F Abstract  Growth factors and mitogens influence signaling pathways and often induce the activity of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K), which in turn phosphorylates the ribosomal S6 protein (S6). Although recent data are rather conflicting, the overall view suggests that phosphorylated S6 is a regulator of global protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell size and glucose homeostasis. In the present work, emphasis was given to cell cycle-dependent activation of S6 focusing mainly on human lymphoid and lymphoma cells. Paraffin-embedded human tissue blocks from lymph node and different tumor biopsies as well as in vitro cell lines were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting using antibodies directed against phospho-S6, phospho-mTOR,... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4621386 Sat, 19 Mar 2011 16:54:43 +0100 4621386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4580574&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk68tk88041708468%2F Abstract  The structure of germinal centres (GCs) in human secondary lymphatic organs has not been thoroughly investigated until now. We stained follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in serial sections of human hyperplastic tonsils and spleens to compare the morphology of GCs in fulminant immune reactions and quiescence. Detection of CD35, CD21, CD23 and the target of mAb CNA.42 confirmed that full-blown human tonsil GCs may consist of four regions, the dark zone, the basal and apical light zone and the outer zone. The outer zone was, however, not a constant feature of tonsillar GCs and existed only in a minority of follicles in most specimens. Thus, between 3 and 60% of tonsil GCs with a CD23+ apical light zone exhibited an outer zone in individual specimens. FDCs in tonsil GCs... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4580574 Fri, 11 Mar 2011 06:52:39 +0100 4580574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577736&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg574670707519228%2F Abstract  Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are Schwann cell-like glial cells of the olfactory system that promote neural regeneration after transplantation into the injured central nervous system. Compared to the closely related Schwann cells, however, the biological characterization of OECs has remained fragmentary. This is due to the fact that the expression of OEC-specific markers is subject to complex regulation and that intricate ultrastructural analysis is essential to determine their localization. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) as the prototype OEC marker, for example, is only expressed by a minor population of neonatal rat OECs in situ. The major population carries O4-positive axonal fragments on their surface after dissociation and up-regulates p75NTR duri... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577736 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 06:53:08 +0100 4577736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577737&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0750577013tg608l%2F Abstract  Recent studies have shown that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (nAChRα7) plays an important role in regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis and keratinocyte biology, but little is known about its expression after the skin is wounded. A preliminary study on time-dependent expression and distribution of nAChRα7 was performed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR during skin wound healing in mice. After a 1-cm-long incision was made in the skin of the central dorsum, mice were killed at intervals ranging from 6 h to 14 days post-injury. In uninjured skin controls, nAChRα7 positive staining was observed in epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, vessel endothelium and resident dermal fibroblastic cells. In wounded spec... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577737 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 06:53:07 +0100 4577737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577738&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7888k5218q432m52%2F Abstract  Melatonin, discovered in 1958, is secreted by the pineal gland primarily during the night. Its secretion is controlled by the light/dark cycle of the environment. Melatonin is also produced in and secreted by various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells and its synthesizing enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is expressed in various extrapineal organs, tissues and cells. Recently, it was reported that melatonin is present in saliva, but it is not certain where melatonin was synthesized and whether it was secreted into saliva and what function it may have in saliva. The present study was performed to investigate where melatonin was synthesized and whether it was secreted by salivary glands into saliva. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577738 Thu, 10 Mar 2011 06:53:02 +0100 4577738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577739&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb7q572445kk3166g%2F Abstract  Pinin (pnn) is an SR-related protein that is ubiquitously expressed in most cell types and functions in regulating pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export. Previously, we demonstrated that pnn is expressed in all tissues during mouse embryonic development with highest levels of expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that pnn and other SR proteins including SC35 are differentially expressed in the adult mouse CNS, displaying cell type-specific distribution patterns. Immunohistochemical analysis of whole-brain sections showed that levels of pnn and SR proteins expression were very low or nonexistent in the corpus callosum and white matter of cerebellum and spinal cord. Double-immunostaining with antibodies specific to neuron or glial cells showed tha... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577739 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 16:50:41 +0100 4577739 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4577740&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8w17r0v35827153%2F Abstract  Myotonic dystrophies (DMs) are characterised by highly variable clinical manifestations consisting of muscle weakness and atrophy, and a wide spectrum of extramuscular manifestations. In both DM1 and DM2 forms, expanded nucleotide sequences cause the accumulation of mutant transcripts in the nucleus, thus deregulating the function of some RNA-binding proteins and providing a plausible explanation for the multifactorial phenotype of DM patients. However, at the skeletal muscle level, no mechanistic explanation for the muscle wasting has so far been proposed. We therefore performed a study in situ by immunoelectron microscopy on biceps brachii biopsies from DM1, DM2 and healthy subjects, providing the first ultrastructural evidence on the distribution of some nuclear... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4577740 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 17:04:28 +0100 4577740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559231&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm363926671n482t0%2F Abstract  In the present study we determined the expression pattern of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in various normal human tissues by tissue-microarray based immunohistochemical analysis. Both proteins belong to the HSPA (HSP70) family of heat shock proteins. The HSPA2 is encoded by the gene originally defined as testis-specific, while HSPA1 is encoded by the stress-inducible genes (HSPA1A and HSPA1B). Our study revealed that both proteins are expressed only in some tissues from the 24 ones examined. HSPA2 was detected in adrenal gland, bronchus, cerebellum, cerebrum, colon, esophagus, kidney, skin, small intestine, stomach and testis, but not in adipose tissue, bladder, breast, cardiac muscle, diaphragm, liver, lung, lymph node, pancreas, prostate, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyr... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559231 Fri, 04 Mar 2011 10:47:21 +0100 4559231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4549219&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb1x7098282387674%2F Abstract  The present study examined the cellular localization of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and some glycolysis-related molecules in the murine female genital tract to demonstrate existence of lactate/pyruvate-dependent energy systems. MCT1, a major MCT subtype, was localized selectively in the ovarian granulosa, oviductal-ciliated cells, and vaginal epithelium; all localizations were associated with intense expressions of glycolytic enzymes. MCT1 was localized in the cell membrane of granulosa cells, including fine processes extending from cumulus cells toward oocytes. The cumulus cells and oocytes showed intense signals for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A and -B, respectively. The basolateral membrane of oviductal-ciliated cells expr... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4549219 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 07:20:42 +0100 4549219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4539968&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F61wx323305p0j432%2F Abstract  A thorough understanding of fat cell biology is necessary to counter the epidemic of obesity. Although molecular pathways governing adipogenesis are well delineated, the structure of the nuclear lamina and nuclear-cytoskeleton junction in this process are not. The identification of the ‘linker of nucleus and cytoskeleton’ (LINC) complex made us consider a role for the nuclear lamina in adipose conversion. We herein focused on the structure of the nuclear lamina and its coupling to the vimentin network, which forms a cage-like structure surrounding individual lipid droplets in mature adipocytes. Analysis of a mouse and human model system for fat cell differentiation showed fragmentation of the nuclear lamina and subsequent loss of lamins A, C, B1 and emerin at ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4539968 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 17:25:29 +0100 4539968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4539969&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh2132p4112441688%2F Abstract  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants are essential to maintain a redox balance within tissues and cells. Intracellular ROS regulate key cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through cellular signaling, and response to injury. The redox environment is particularly important for stem/progenitor cells, as their self-renewal and differentiation has been shown to be redox sensitive. However, not much is known about ROS and antioxidant protein function in freshly isolated keratinocytes, notably the different keratinocyte subpopulations. Immunostaining of neonatal cutaneous sections revealed that antioxidant enzymes [catalase, SOD2, gluthatione peroxidase-1 (GPx)] and ROS are localized predominantly to the epidermis. We isolate... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4539969 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 23:32:39 +0100 4539969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4539970&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F076203710t422n58%2F Abstract  Here, we demonstrate that in HeLa cells, Ser317 of Chk1 undergoes phosphorylation in response to replication stress induced by hydroxyurea. We also demonstrate the existence of constitutive (interphase and mitotic) Chk1 kinase phosphorylation, the translocation of its phosphorylated form from the nucleus to cytoplasm in prometaphase as well as strong labeling of apoptotic nuclei with α-Chk1S317 antibodies. Additionally, we show that caffeine, 2-aminopurine, staurosporine and sodium metavanadate can induce premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by the abrogation of the S-M checkpoint. Staurosporine appeared to be the most effective PCC inductor, and as in the case of the remaining inductors, the addition of hydroxyurea each time brought about an increase in the n... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4539970 Wed, 23 Feb 2011 23:32:28 +0100 4539970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4511573&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg7228n436213g1j7%2F This study focuses to investigate the possibility that leptin, as an angiogenic factor, may regulate the angiogenesis during tooth development. We firstly studied the expression of leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during tooth development immunohistochemically. This investigation revealed that leptin is expressed in ameloblasts, odontoblasts, dental papilla cells and stratum intermedium cells. This expression pattern was similar to that of VEGF, one of the most potent angiogenic factors. Interestingly, more leptin-positive cells were observed in the upper third portion of dental papilla, which is closest to odontoblastic layer, compared to middle and lower thirds. Moreover, in the dental papilla, more CD31 and/or CD34-positive vascular endothelial cells were obser... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4511573 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 16:56:02 +0100 4511573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501043&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr70807504024x22v%2F Abstract  Organic solute carrier partner 1 (OSCP1) is a mammalian, transporter-related protein that is able to facilitate the uptake of structurally diverse organic compounds into the cell when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This protein has been implicated in testicular handling of organic solutes because its mRNA expression is almost exclusive in the testis. However, in this study, we demonstrated significant expression of OSCP1 protein in mouse brain, the level of which was rather higher than that in the testis, although the corresponding mRNA expression was one-tenth of the testicular level. Immunohistochemistry revealed that OSCP1 was broadly distributed throughout the brain, and various neuronal cells were immunostained, including pyramidal cells in the cerebral ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501043 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 17:04:15 +0100 4501043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501044&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F47j251r2uu448676%2F Abstract  Various methods for quantifying cellular immunogold labelling on transmission electron microscope thin sections are currently available. All rely on sound random sampling principles and are applicable to single immunolabelling across compartments within a given cell type or between different experimental groups of cells. Although methods are also available to test for colocalization in double/triple immunogold labelling studies, so far, these have relied on making multiple measurements of gold particle densities in defined areas or of inter-particle nearest neighbour distances. Here, we present alternative two-step approaches to codistribution and colocalization assessment that merely require raw counts of gold particles in distinct cellular compartments. For asse... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501044 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 08:23:05 +0100 4501044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501045&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flr7654u2l8203157%2F Abstract  The calmodulin-binding protein nucleomorphin isoform NumA1 is a nuclear number regulator in Dictyostelium that localizes to intra-nuclear patches adjacent to the nuclear envelope and to a lesser extent the nucleoplasm. Earlier studies have shown similar patches to be nucleoli but only three nucleolar proteins have been identified in Dictyostelium. Here, actinomycin-D treatment caused the loss of NumA1 localization, while calcium and calmodulin antagonists had no effect. In keeping with a nucleolar function, NumA1 moved out of the presumptive nucleoli during mitosis redistributing to areas within the nucleus, the spindle fibers, and centrosomal region before re-accumulating in the presumptive nucleoli at telophase. Together, these data verify NumA1 as a true nucleola... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501045 Thu, 17 Feb 2011 08:14:40 +0100 4501045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4494340&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9771w5154214u62q%2F Abstract  Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is involved in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The source of MPO in acute liver diseases is still a matter of debate. Therefore, we analysed MPO-gene expression on sections from normal and acutely damaged [carbon tetrachloride-(CCl4) or whole liver γ-Irradiation] rat liver by immunohistochemistry, real time PCR and Western blot analysis of total RNA and protein. Also total RNA and protein from isolated Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, Hepatocytes, endothelial cells and neutrophil granulocytes (NG) was analysed by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Sections of acutely injured human liver were prepared for MPO and CD68 immunofluorescence double staining. In normal rat liver MPO was detected immunohistochemically and by ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4494340 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 18:04:49 +0100 4494340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4449633&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj556mrn5j7662w33%2F Abstract  The valve sinuses of the deep venous system are frequent sites of venous thrombus initiation. We previously reported that, in comparison with the non-valvular lumenal endothelium, the valve sinus endothelium had decreased expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and increased expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM), suggesting alteration in the procoagulant/anticoagulant balance. We hypothesized that increased stasis in the deeper recesses of the venous valves would be associated with a gradient of increased thromboresistance. Expression of EPCR, TM, and vWF was analyzed via quantitative confocal immunofluorescence in residual saphenous veins collected following coronary artery bypass procedures. In agreement with our hypothesi... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4449633 Sat, 05 Feb 2011 16:54:53 +0100 4449633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4441650&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl24266820174817p%2F In this study, we focused on the spatiotemporal expression of fibulin-5 in the human placenta. With progressing gestation, placental fibulin-5 expression increased from first trimester towards term. At term, placental fibulin-5 mRNA expression is lower when compared with other well-vascularized organs such as lung, kidney, heart, uterus and testis. In first trimester, placenta immunohistochemistry localized fibulin-5 in villous cytotrophoblasts and extravillous cytotrophoblasts of the proximal cell column. In term placenta, fibulin-5 was detected in the endothelial basement membrane and adventitia-like regions of vessels in the chorionic plate and stem villi. Cell culture experiments with the villous trophoblast-derived cell line BeWo showed that fibulin-5 expression was downregulate... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4441650 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 20:52:03 +0100 4441650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4441651&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv37067492886508l%2F Abstract  Within the human testis, Reinke’s crystals are found in Leydig cells but their nature and function are poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the properties of Reinke’s crystals in man with the normal morphology of the testis (control group) and infertile patients diagnosed with cryptorchidism. 20 biopsies from infertile patients and six biopsies from men with regular spermatogenesis (20–30 years.) were used. Sections of the testis tissue were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and a modified Masson’s method. Specimens were observed by bright field, confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of Reinke’s crystals in investigated groups was determined applying stereological methods. In both groups, Reinke’s ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4441651 Thu, 03 Feb 2011 07:14:58 +0100 4441651 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4428368&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk577701830833j32%2F Abstract  This review summarizes recent advances in histochemistry and cell biology which complement and extend our knowledge regarding various aspects of protein functions, cell and tissue biology, employing appropriate in vivo model systems in conjunction with established and novel approaches. In this context several non-expected results and discoveries were obtained which paved the way of research into new directions. Once the reader embarks on reading this review, it quickly becomes quite obvious that the studies contribute not only to a better understanding of fundamental biological processes but also provide use-oriented aspects that can be derived therefrom. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-30DOI 10.1007/s00418-011-0781-7Authors Stefan Hübner, Institute of ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4428368 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:31:15 +0100 4428368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4428369&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb4275646764t0u7k%2F Abstract  In order to increase the dose of antineoplastic agents in the tumor area, the concept of magnetic drug targeting (MDT) has been developed. Magnetic nanoparticles consisting of iron oxide and a biocompatible cover layer suspended in an aqueous solution (ferrofluid) serve as carriers for chemotherapeutics being enriched by an external magnetic field after intra-arterial application in desired body compartments (i.e., tumor). We established an ex vivo model to simulate in vivo conditions in a circulating system consisting of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles passing an intact bovine artery and being focused by an external magnetic field to study their distribution in the vessel. Micro-computed X-ray tomography (XμCT) and histology can elucidate the arrangement of th... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4428369 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 20:31:14 +0100 4428369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4428370&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft24r229141136q52%2F In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the expression of SGLT1, GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR techniques using a total of 28 segments from the gastrointestinal tract of 9-week-old mice. GLUT2 and GLUT5 mRNA expressions were detected predominantly from the proximal to middle parts of the small intestine, showing identical expression profiles, while SGLT1 mRNA was expressed not only in the small intestine but also in the large intestine. Notably, GLUT1 mRNA was expressed at a considerable level in both the stomach and large intestine but was negligible in the small intestine. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the polarized localization of hexose transporters in the large intestine: SGLT1 on the luminal surface and GLUT1 on the basal side of epit... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4428370 Thu, 27 Jan 2011 17:36:58 +0100 4428370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4404850&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx204716715l46825%2F Abstract  If we are to develop successful interventions to improve clinical outcomes for short bowel syndrome patients we require (1) knowledge of changes within the epithelial population following small bowel resection (SBR) and (2) an idea of when these changes occur to inform on the timing of potential interventions aimed at enhancing the adaptive response. The aim of this study was to produce a temporal map of epithelial changes within the crypt and villus at early and late adaptation phases. Four-week-old piglets underwent a 75% SBR or sham operation and were studied at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-operation to allow analysis of early and late adaptation responses. Piglets received polymeric infant formula (PIF). Immunohistochemistry with specific cell markers was used t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4404850 Wed, 19 Jan 2011 20:22:55 +0100 4404850 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4376939&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr20w576800573un8%2F Abstract  Previous studies have shown that high glucose stimulates renal SREBP-1 gene expression and increases renal tubular cells lipid metabolism, however, the mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study we demonstrated that PI3K/Akt pathway was activated in human renal proximal tubular cell line (HKC) exposed to high glucose accompanied with up-regulation of SREBP-1, TGF-β1, lipid droplets deposits and extracellular matrix production. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by chemical LY294002 or specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) vector prevented SREBP-1 and TGF-β1 up-regulation, as well as ameliorated HKC cells lipogenesis and extracellular matrix accumulation. These findings indicate that PI3K/Akt pathway potentially mediates high glucose-induced lipogenesis and extrace... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4376939 Mon, 17 Jan 2011 20:25:18 +0100 4376939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4342228&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8wk40vg740880825%2F In this study, the ceramide-enriched trans-Golgi compartments representing sites of synthesis of sphingomyelin and higher organized lipids were visualized in control and ATP-depleted hepatoma and endothelial cells using internalization of BODIPY-ceramide and the diaminobenzidine photooxidation method for combined light-electron microscopical exploration. Metabolic stress induced by lowering the cellular ATP-levels leads to reorganizations of the Golgi apparatus and the appearance of tubulo-glomerular bodies and networks. The results obtained with three different protocols, in which BODIPY-ceramide either was applied prior to, concomitantly with, or after ATP-depletion, revealed that the ceramide-enriched compartments reorganize together with other parts of the Golgi apparatus under th... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4342228 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 17:50:35 +0100 4342228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4313450&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh091714446784428%2F Abstract  Controversy remains regarding the origin of the pancreatic endocrine cells. It is generally accepted that the majority of insulin-secreting cells derive from the endodermal epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution made by a particular cluster of differentiation (CD)-positive cells to the development of the bovine endocrine pancreas. In bovine embryos and foetuses with crown to rump lengths (CRL) ranging from 1 to 47 cm, cells staining positively for CD34 and/or CD133 were always more numerous in the left lobe and body of pancreas than in the right lobe. In the early stages of pancreatic development (CRL <5 cm), CD34 and/or CD133-reactive cells were concentrated within the epithelial cell cords t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4313450 Mon, 03 Jan 2011 18:02:23 +0100 4313450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4302806&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh51339772w03711p%2F Abstract  N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a Myc-repressed gene, is highly expressed in heart tissue. NDRG2 increases in response to hypoxia-induced stress and is involved in hypoxia-induced radioresistance. However, little is known about the expression changes and possible roles of NDRG2 in the heart under hypoxia condition. Here, the authors show that NDRG2, mainly localized in cardiomyocyte cytoplasm, was significantly reduced in myocardial tissue after acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Meanwhile, c-Myc was up-regulated following acute I/R injury, and the expression of c-Myc was significantly inversely correlated with that of NDRG2. In addition, overexpression of c-Myc in primary cultured cardiomyocyte repressed NDRG2 expression. Furthermore, the increas... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4302806 Thu, 30 Dec 2010 18:03:26 +0100 4302806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4288302&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F03556t23q0147575%2F Abstract  One frequent chronic syndrome of Chagas’ disease is megacolon, an irreversible dilation of a colonic segment. Extensive enteric neuron loss in the affected segment is regarded as key factor for deficient motility. Here, we assessed the quantitative balance between cholinergic and nitrergic neurons representing the main limbs of excitatory and inhibitory colonic motor innervation, respectively. From surgically removed megacolonic segments of four patients, each three myenteric wholemounts (from non-dilated oral, megacolonic and non-dilated anal parts) was immunohistochemically triple-stained for choline acetyltransferase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the panneuronal human neuronal protein Hu C/D. Degenerative changes were most pronounced in the megaco... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4288302 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 17:47:16 +0100 4288302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280603&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F460w87n48463p432%2F Abstract  Damage to sensory neurons induces neural repair, regrowth and hyperexcitability. The regulation of such responses to injury must be organized in some way by the neurons. Regulation can occur at the post-transcriptional level via microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that influence the stability or translation of mRNAs and thereby regulate gene expression. Although nociceptive neurons show transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms at many levels, miRNAs have not yet been systematically investigated in these neurons. Based on our preliminary array data we investigated the presence of miR-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of mice and humans. We detected miR-1 in total RNA from human and mouse DRG and localised miR-1 in human ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280603 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 15:19:55 +0100 4280603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4274813&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff136x3k2338173t7%2F In conclusion, our in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that increased phosphorylation of JNK in HEECs from women with endometriosis is likely due to high level of IL-1β and TNF-α in peritoneal fluid; this in turn may up-regulate inflammatory cytokine expression and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00418-010-0770-2Authors Yesim Hulya Uz, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USAWilliam Murk, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4274813 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 17:38:57 +0100 4274813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4263993&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F78272847888k1154%2F The objective of this study was to analyze the tubular architecture in contralateral testes of patients with NSTGCT. We studied morphologic alterations, expression patterns of markers for the integrity of the germinal epithelium (gap junction proteins connexin 43 and 26), as well as of the embryonic markers c-KIT and placental alkaline phosphatase (PlAP), both established markers to detect carcinoma in situ (CIS). In all samples, tubules showing maturation of germ cells up to spermatozoa were observed. In addition, tubules with alterations in tubular architecture and with impaired spermatogenesis occurred. In tubules showing aberrant spermatogenesis, connexin 43 (Cx43) signal was down-regulated and a shift of signal from gap junctions to the cytoplasm occurred. Concomitantly, Cx26 wa... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4263993 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 19:12:07 +0100 4263993