MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Histochemistry and Cell Biology' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 16:02:49 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377657&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw57427050q778765%2F In conclusion, tumours differ in the pattern of Fn or Tn-C isoform positivity in the vessel wall, potentially representing a tumour type specific endothelial cell–tumour cell–stromal cell interaction. Carcinoma cells themselves are involved in vascular Tn-C matrix organization. Up to antigen distribution, Fn and Tn-C domain antibodies may serve as vehicles for antiangiogenetic and antifibrotic agents; oncFn/oncTn-C based targeting should be adapted individually. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-010-0685-yAuthors Alexander Berndt, University Hospital Jena Institute of Pathology Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena GermanyRobert Köllner, University Hospital Jena Institute of Pathology Ziegelmühlenweg 1 07743 Jena GermanyPetra Richter, University ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377657 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:49:23 +0100 3377657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3377658&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm436361300056j43%2F Abstract  Recent experimental research has shown that metallic gold releases charged gold atoms when placed intracerebrally and that the liberated gold ions affect inflammation in the brain. The observations suggest that metallic gold can be used as a safe suppressor of inflammation in the central nervous system. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00418-010-0681-2Authors Gorm Danscher, University of Aarhus Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology 8000 Aarhus C DenmarkAgnete Larsen, University of Aarhus Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology 8000 Aarhus C Denmark Journal Histochemistry and Cell BiologyOnline ISSN 1432-119XPrint ISSN 0948-6143 (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology) Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3377658 Tue, 16 Mar 2010 14:49:22 +0100 3377658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3369633&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F02336580380v845q%2F Abstract  Canonical transient receptor potential type 3 (TRPC3) ion channels assemble from TRPC3 subunits and exhibit multiple activation mechanisms. TRPC3 has been proposed to contribute to Ca2+ entry supporting Ca2+ homeostasis in cochlear hair cells and to be activated by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in spiral ganglion neurons. The present study was designed to determine the spatiotemporal profile of TRPC3 expression during mouse cochlear ontogeny. TRPC3 immunofluorescence of cryosectioned cochleae was performed using E16–adult tissue. We found that prior to birth, TRPC3 expression was strongest in epithelial cells that form the cochlear partition. In the early postnatal period, to the onset of hearing (~P12), immunofluorescence was strongest in the hair ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3369633 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:27:48 +0100 3369633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3369634&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy5031l5407200765%2F In this study, we whole mounted single human scalp hair follicles and examined their profiles using in situ immunohistochemistry and multicolor immunofluorescence in search of markers to distinguish between stem cells residing in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) and bulge. Our study revealed that expression of several biomarkers localized uniquely to the basal IFE (CD34 and CD117), bulge region (CD200), or both (CK15, CD49f, and CD29). In addition, we found that both basal IFE and bulge stem cells did not express CD71 or CD24 suggesting their potential utility as negative selection markers. Dermal papilla but not basal IFE or bulge stem cells expressed CD90, making it a potential positive selection marker for dermal hair follicle stem cells. The markers tested in this study may en... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3369634 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 11:27:47 +0100 3369634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358218&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg773j07615p28072%2F This study reports the changes in expression of NTPDase5 and NTPDase6 in the developing rat cochlea. These two intracellular members of the E-NTPDase family can be released in a soluble form and show preference for nucleoside 5′-diphosphates, such as UDP and GDP. Here, we demonstrate differential spatial and temporal patterns for NTPDase5 and NTPDase6 expression during cochlear development, which are indicative of both cytosolic and extracellular action via pyrimidines. NTPDase5 is noted during the early postnatal period in developing sensory hair cells and supporting Deiters’ cells of the organ of Corti, and primary auditory neurons located in the spiral ganglion. In contrast, NTPDase6 is confined to the embryonic and early postnatal hair cell bundles. NTPDase6 immunolocalisatio... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358218 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 16:14:07 +0100 3358218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315901&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr37h72560476r221%2F Abstract  The study of uptake mechanisms of therapeutic drugs has a growing interest in biomedical research. In this work the cell uptake and phototoxicity of the photosensitizer Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline liposomes have been studied in the presence or absence of inhibitors of macropinocytosis (cytochalasin D), and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (dynasore). No differences in the uptake or photodynamic damage were observed in A-549 cells subjected to incubation with either ZnPc alone or in combination with cytochalasin D. On the contrary, co-incubation of A-549 cells with ZnPc and dynasore resulted in a significant decrease of photodamage as well as negligible uptake of the photosensitizer. These results indicate that ZnPc is internalized... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315901 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:49:40 +0100 3315901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3315900&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F284155481446gu13%2F Abstract  The lipid droplet (LD) has become a focus of intense research. Fluorescence labeling is indispensable for the cell biological analysis of the LD, and a lipophilic fluorescence dye, BODIPY 493/503, which emits bright green fluorescence has been used extensively for LD labeling. The dye is convenient for double fluorescence labeling, but we noticed that it emits red fluorescence under certain conditions, which could lead to erroneous interpretations. We propose a protocol to preclude such a possibility. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short communicationDOI 10.1007/s00418-010-0678-xAuthors Yuki Ohsaki, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology 65 Tsurumai, Showa Nagoya 466-8550 JapanYuki Shinohara, Nagoya... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3315900 Fri, 26 Feb 2010 09:49:40 +0100 3315900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3297774&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F86047745278405pl%2F Abstract  To develop a platform for molecular magnetic resonance imaging, we prepared gadolinium-bearing albumin-polylactic acid nanoparticles in the size range 20–40 nm diameter. Iterative cycles of design and testing upscaled the synthesis procedures to gram amounts for physicochemical characterisation and for pharmacokinetic testing. Morphological analyses showed that the nanoparticles were spheroidal with rough surfaces. Particle sizes were measured by direct transmission electron microscopical measurements from negatively contrasted preparations, and by use of photon correlation spectroscopy; the two methods each documented nanoparticle sizes less than 100 nm and generally 10–40 nm diameter, though with significant intrabatch and interbatch variabilit... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3297774 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 06:50:20 +0100 3297774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287169&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22m529g25p073q50%2F Abstract  The mesonephros is often regarded as a simplified version of the terminal renal organ, the metanephros. Both renal organs result from an epithelio-mesenchymal interaction between the Wolffian duct and the nephrogenic ridge. It appears that the epithelio-mesenchymal interaction makes use of similar signal cascades for both renal organs and that key events required for the development of the metanephros occur at earlier stages. In murine metanephroi, the stem cell factor (SCF)/-KIT-signal transduction pathway has recently been shown to regulate ureteric bud branching and epithelial cell differentiation. We immunohistochemically defined the time-sequence of KIT and SCF presence in both renal organs using bovine embryos/foetuses with crown rump length (CRL) of 1.7–24... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287169 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 18:27:55 +0100 3287169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243111&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frn4568715q2833n0%2F Abstract  There is a growing evidence that chemokines and their receptors play a role in inducing and maintaining neuropathic pain. In the present study, unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of rat sciatic nerve under aseptic conditions was used to investigate changes for stromal derived factor-1 (SDF1) and its CXCR4 receptor in lumbal (L4–L5) and cervical (C7–C8) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from both sides of naïve, CCI-operated and sham-operated rats. All CCI-operated rats displayed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in hind paws ipsilateral to CCI, but forepaws exhibited only temporal changes of sensitivity not correlated with alterations in SDF1 and CXCR4 proteins. Naïve DRG displayed immunofluorescence for SDF1 (SDF1-IF) in the satellite glial ce... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243111 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 17:48:11 +0100 3243111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193080&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65020220v671r417%2F Abstract  Epithelial-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-7-like cytokine that triggers dendritic cell (DC)-mediated Th2-type inflammatory responses. The activated DCs can penetrate the epithelium to directly take up antigen without compromising the barrier function. Although it is reported that DCs express tight junction molecules and can establish tight junction-like structures with adjacent epithelial cells to preserve the epithelial barrier, the regulation of expression of tight junction molecules in DCs remains unknown. In the present study, to investigate the mechanical regulation of expression of tight junction molecules in DCs, XS52 DCs that was a long-term DC line established from the epidermis of a newborn BALB/c mouse, were treated with TSLP or to... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193080 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:42:28 +0100 3193080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3163188&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff401h5u471213x53%2F Abstract  To determine the possible involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we examined their infiltration pattern during the course of MOG35–55-induced EAE in the C57BL/6 mice. Using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, we found that the number of neutrophils was significantly increased during onset of disease, remained high at the peak stage and dramatically declined thereafter. Moreover, dual labeling provided anatomical evidence of a prominent accumulation of neutrophils in the center and vicinity of lesion areas of demyelination, axonal loss or axonal degeneration at early stages of EAE. These observations provide evidence that neutrophils are one of the major sources of inflammatory cells to initiate EAE,... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3163188 Sat, 09 Jan 2010 08:32:27 +0100 3163188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3128720&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01w0r7528517454g%2F Abstract  Holo-high density lipoprotein (HDL) particle uptake, besides selective lipid uptake, constitutes an alternative pathway to regulate cellular cholesterol homeostasis. In the current study, the cellular path of holo-HDL particles was investigated in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) using combined light and electron microscopical methods. The apolipoprotein moiety of HDL was visualized with different markers: horseradish peroxidase, colloidal gold and the fluorochrome Alexa568, used in fluorescence microscopy and after photooxidation correlatively at the ultrastructural level. Time course experiments showed a rapid uptake of holo-HDL particles, an accumulation in endosomal compartments, with a plateau after 1–2 h of continuous uptake, and a clearance 1–2&n... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3128720 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 19:14:06 +0100 3128720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3123290&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flt151g634958681h%2F Abstract  In vivo liberation of electrically charged silver atoms/silver ions from metallic silver pellets, silver grids and silver threads placed in the brain, skin and abdominal cavity was proved by way of the histochemical technique autometallography (AMG). A bio-film or “dissolution membrane” inserted between the metallic surface and macrophages was recognized on the surface of the implanted silver after a short period of time. Bio-released silver ions bound in silver–sulphur nanocrystals were traced within the first 24 h in the “dissolution membrane” and the “dissolucytotic” macrophages. In animals that had survived 10 days or more, silver nanocrystals were detected both extra- and intracellularly in places far away from the implant including reg... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3123290 Thu, 24 Dec 2009 19:56:46 +0100 3123290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3106600&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fem6261p1835012w8%2F In this study, we investigated the Ro52 cytoplasmic bodies using fluorescence microscopy. This analysis revealed that the Ro52 cytoplasmic bodies are diffusely located in the cytoplasm and exist independently of TRIM5α cytoplasmic bodies. Our results further showed that the Ro52 cytoplasmic bodies are not stained with MitoTracker dye and are not colocalized with the proteasome subunit Rpt5, the caveolae component caveolin-1, the endosome markers (EEA1, Rab5, and Rab7), and the lysosome marker LAMP2. These results indicate that the Ro52 cytoplasmic bodies are not mitochondria, proteasome-enriched structures, caveolae, endosomes, or lysosomes. Importantly, the Ro52 cytoplasmic bodies are highly motile and are located along the microtubule network. These results suggest that the Ro52 c... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3106600 Wed, 16 Dec 2009 07:01:23 +0100 3106600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088657&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc05111n8j2703884%2F Abstract  The development of the hippocampal network requires neuronal activity, which is shaped by the differential expression and sorting of a variety of potassium channels. Parallel to their maturation, hippocampal neurons undergo a distinct development of their ion channel profile. The age-dependent dimension of ion channel occurrence is of utmost importance as it is interdependently linked to network formation. However, data regarding the exact temporal expression of potassium channels during postnatal hippocampal development are scarce. We therefore studied the expression of several voltage-gated potassium channel proteins during hippocampal development in vivo and in primary cultures, focusing on channels that were sorted to the axonal compartment. The Kv1.1, Kv1.2, ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088657 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:16:41 +0100 3088657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088658&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwk395x084h50v445%2F Abstract  CLCA proteins represent a large family of proteins widely expressed in mammalian tissues with a unique expression pattern for each family member analyzed so far. However, their functions in normal and diseased tissues are poorly understood. Here, we present the cellular expression pattern of mCLCA5 in murine tissues using immunohistochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immune electron microscopy with specific antibodies and RT-qPCR following laser-capture microdissection. The mCLCA5 protein was localized to granular layer keratinocytes of virtually all stratified squamous epithelia of the body. Biochemical protein characterizations revealed that the amino-terminal cleavage product is fully secreted by the cell, while the carboxy-terminal cleavage prod... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088658 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 06:52:24 +0100 3088658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3066376&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy4u32254482l5450%2F Abstract  Gene therapy trials for heart failure have demonstrated the key role of efficient gene transfer in achieving therapeutic efficacy. An attractive approach to improve adenoviral gene transfer is to use alternative virus serotypes with modified tropism. We performed a detailed analysis of cardiac expression of receptors for several adenovirus serotypes with a focus on differential expression of CAR and CD46, as adenoviruses targeting these receptors have been used in various applications. Explanted hearts from patients with DCM and healthy donors were analyzed using Q-RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Q-RT-PCR and Western analyses revealed robust expression of all receptors except CD80 in normal hearts with lower expression levels in DCM. Immunohistochem... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3066376 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 20:57:22 +0100 3066376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055941&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F738641658264594l%2F Abstract  Soluble proteins and glycogen particles, which are easily lost upon conventional chemical fixation, have been reported to be better preserved in paraffin-embedded sections by ‘cryobiopsy’ combined with freeze-substitution fixation (FS). In this study, we examined the distribution of glycogen in living mouse livers under physiologic and pathologic conditions with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining by cryobiopsy. The livers of the fully fed mice showed high PAS-staining intensity in the cytoplasm of all hepatocytes. The PAS-staining intensity gradually decreased away from hepatocytes around portal tracts, depending on treatments with different α-amylase concentrations. At 6 or 12 h after fasting, PAS-staining intensity markedly decreased in restricted are... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055941 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 08:30:02 +0100 3055941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043897&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq1n56783332422xj%2F Abstract  Expression of P2X4 and P2X6 receptor subunits in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat was studied with double-labeling fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The results showed that P2X6 receptors were expressed widely in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. In the myenteric plexus, P2X6 receptors were expressed mainly in large size neurons which resembled Dogiel type II neurons. These P2X6 receptor-immunoreactive (ir) neurons also expressed calbindin 28K, calretinin and neuronal nuclei (NeuN), proteins that are markers of intrinsic sensory neurons. In the submucosal plexus, all the calbindin 28K, calretinin and NeuN-ir cells were immunoreactive for P2X6 receptors. P2X6 receptors do not form homomultimers, but rather heteromultimers with either P2X2 or P2X4 receptors.... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043897 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 07:03:23 +0100 3043897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043896&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F93gv712395875n16%2F Abstract  Central to modern Histochemistry and Cell Biology stands the need for visualization of cellular and molecular processes. In the past several years, a variety of techniques has been achieved bridging traditional light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy with powerful software-based post-processing and computer modeling. Researchers now have various tools available to investigate problems of interest from bird’s- up to worm’s-eye of view, focusing on tissues, cells, proteins or finally single molecules. Applications of new approaches in combination with well-established traditional techniques of mRNA, DNA or protein analysis have led to enlightening and prudent studies which have paved the way toward a better understanding of not only phys... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043896 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 07:03:23 +0100 3043896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043898&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fym90p28t32x214rp%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0664-3Authors Gustav F. Jirikowski, Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, PF Department of Anatomy II Jena GermanyUlrike W. Kaunzner, Rockefeller University Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology New York NY USAAbeer El Emmam Dief, University of Alexandria Department of Physiology Alexandria EgyptJack D. Caldwell, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine Erie PA USA Journal Histochemistry and Cell BiologyOnline ISSN 1432-119XPrint ISSN 0948-6143 (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology) Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043898 Sat, 28 Nov 2009 07:03:22 +0100 3043898 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043899&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu317727365h12v67%2F Abstract  Cytokeratins are intermediate filament proteins found in most epithelial cells including the mammary epithelium. Specific cytokeratin expression has been found to mark different epithelial cell lineages and also to associate with putative mammary stem/progenitor cells. However, a comparative analysis of the expression of cytokaratins during embryonic and postnatal mammary development is currently lacking. Moreover, it is not clear whether the different classes of putative mammary stem/progenitor cells exist during embryonic development. Here, we use double/triple-label immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry to systematically compare the expression of cytokeratin 5 (K5), cytokeratin 6 (K6), cytokeratin 8 (K8), cytokeratin 14 (K14) and cytokeratin 19 (K19) in e... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043899 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 16:50:01 +0100 3043899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3016889&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fqk40q4l8875j58jh%2F Abstract  Epithelial–mesenchymal interaction between stromal fibroblasts and cancer cells influences the functional properties of tumor epithelium, including the tumor progression and spread. We compared fibroblasts prepared from stroma of squamous cell carcinoma and normal dermal fibroblasts concerning their biological activity toward normal keratinocytes assessed by immunocytochemistry and profiling of gene activation for growth factors/cytokines by microarray chip technology. IGF-2 and BMP-4 were determined as candidate factors responsible for tumor-associated fibroblast activity that influences normal epithelia. This effect was confirmed by addition of recombinant IGF-2 and BMP4, respectively, to the culture medium. This hypothesis was also verified by inhibition expe... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3016889 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 19:15:19 +0100 3016889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3011642&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F48j35p1214582367%2F Abstract  Potassium (K+) channels participate in K+ secretion, K+ recycling, and cell volume regulation and help to maintain the resting potential in mammalian kidneys. Previously, we identified a set of voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv1) in the inner medullary collecting duct of the rat kidney. In the present work, we identified the voltage-gated K+ channel ether-à-go-go-related gene (ERG) in the rat kidney. mRNAs of ERG1a and its N-terminal splice-variant ERG1b were detected. Immunoblots of the cortex and medulla revealed two molecular mass proteins of 135 and 80 kDa, consistent in size with the nonglycosylated ERG1a and ERG1b isoforms, respectively. However, bands of 155 and 95 kDa, corresponding to mature glycosylated ERG1a and ERG1b, respectively, were also obser... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3011642 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:08:19 +0100 3011642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998950&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F56883h5m42r4l881%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0660-7Authors Catherine Sem Wegner, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research Montebello 0310 Oslo NorwayLene Malerød, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research Montebello 0310 Oslo NorwayNina Marie Pedersen, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research Montebello 0310 Oslo NorwayCinzia Progida, University of Oslo Department of Molecular Biosciences 1041, Blindernveien 31 0316 Oslo NorwayOddmund Bakke, University of Oslo Department of Molecular Biosciences 1041, Blindernveien 31 0316 Oslo NorwayHarald Stenmark... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998950 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:22:11 +0100 2998950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2992299&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0mgv24tj91m152v%2F We examined the architecture of human submucosal nerve networks of gut segments derived from 12 individuals (each six from small and large intestines). Twelve undivided submucosal wholemounts were prepared and immunohistochemically stained for peripherin (nerve elements) and for α-smooth muscle actin (remnants of attached muscle bundles). We found two ganglionic nerve networks. The plexus submucosus externus was generally monolayered and located under the outermost surface of the submucosal wholemounts. Its nerve fibre strands frequently joined each other in acute or obtuse angles, the meshes of the network were relatively wide and frequently polyangular shaped. The plexus submucosus internus was generally multi-(mostly two- or three-)layered and occupied at least the inner half of ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2992299 Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:38:52 +0100 2992299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2984323&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg113h28407415q72%2F Abstract  Tissue glues are used during surgical treatment of acute aorta dissection although some glues release toxic products and thus alter the histological structure of the vessel wall. The aim of our study was to use a porcine experimental model of infrarenal aorta dissection to compare histological changes of the vessel wall 1, 6 and 12 months after application of BioGlue, Gelatin-resorcin-formaldehyde (GRF) glue and Tissucol. For quantification, stereological methods were used. All types of glue caused stenosis, GRF most and Tissucol least severely. With increasing postoperative survival time, stenosis was again reduced. Elastine length density decreased with increasing survival time in Control as well as in all Experimental groups. The immunohistochemical phenoty... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2984323 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 19:13:40 +0100 2984323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971798&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd288k13gk4054261%2F Abstract  This paper aimed at investigating the alterations in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the proximal, middle and distal colon of mice from 0-day to 56-day post-partum (P0–P56) by immunohistochemistry. The Kit+ ICC, which situated around myenteric nerve plexus (ICC–MY) were prominent at birth, meanwhile those cells within the smooth muscle layers (ICC–IM) and in the connective tissue beneath serosa (ICC–SS) began to appear. ICC–SM, which located at the submucosal border of circular muscle layer emerged at P6 in the proximal colon and subsequently in the distal colon at P8, and ICC in the oral side of colon revealed an earlier development in morphology and a higher density than that in the anal side. The density of ICC altered obviously during postnatal p... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971798 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 18:57:31 +0100 2971798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2953934&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6774w15q35448608%2F Abstract  Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) subunits assemble as tetramers to form ion channels with high calcium (Ca2+) permeability. Here, we investigated the possibility that TRPC3 ion channels are broadly expressed in the adult guinea pig and mouse cochleae. Using immunofluorescence, pronounced labeling occurred in the spiral ganglion (SG) neurons, inner hair cells (IHC), outer hair cells (OHC) and epithelial cells lining scala media. TRPC3 expression was homogeneous in the SG throughout the cochlea. In contrast, there was marked spatial variation in the immunolabeling in the cochlear hair cells with respect to location. This likely relates to the tonotopy of these cells. TRPC3 immunolabeling was more pronounced in the IHC than OHC. Both basal region IHC and ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2953934 Sat, 31 Oct 2009 12:53:08 +0100 2953934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2924680&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxn1n32132n167086%2F Abstract  Caveolae were defined as flask- or omega-shaped plasma membrane invaginations, abundant in adipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The major protein component of caveolar membranes is an integral membrane protein named caveolin. We compared the freeze-fracture behavior of caveolae in glutaraldehyde-fixed and cryofixed mouse fibroblast cells and found distinct differences. In glutaraldehyde-fixed cells almost all caveolae were cross-fractured through their pore and only very few caveolar membranes were membrane-fractured. We found the reverse situation in rapid frozen cells without any chemical fixation where most of the caveolae were membrane-fractured, showing different degrees of invagination from nearly flat to deeply invaginated. In ultra... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2924680 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 18:56:12 +0100 2924680 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922965&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb6214212v7654771%2F Abstract  Controlled invasion of the uterine wall by the trophoblast cells is pivotal for the successful pregnancy, and various kinds of protease are involved in this process. Serine protease prostasin has been shown to participate in the proteolytic activation of epithelial sodium channel as well as cleavage of epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain in human epithelial cells. Its physiological significance in human placentation has been suggested but not validated. In the present study, we found that prostasin was expressed at a relatively high level in human placenta trophoblasts in early pregnant weeks. In the in vitro cultured human choriocarcinomal JEG-3 cells, treatment with functional antibody against prostasin led to promotion in cell invasion capabil... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922965 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 19:27:48 +0100 2922965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2919497&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fat40825777774271%2F This study compares the extent of Cx26, Cx30 and Cx43 expression in the epidermal microenvironment of melanocytic nevi and melanomas and its association with melanoma thickness, proliferative index of the tumor and its microenvironment, and with 5-year metastasis and survival. We found that induction of Cx26 and Cx30 cell–cell border expression in the epidermal tumor microenvironment correlates to malignancy. Importantly, there was a significant correlation of tumor thickness with the vertical epidermal Cx26 and Cx30 expression pattern and the horizontal Cx26 dissemination. Furthermore, horizontal Cx26 expression correlated with metastasis. Vertical epidermal expression patterns of Cx26 and Cx30 significantly correlated with the proliferative index in the epidermal tumor microenvi... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2919497 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 09:05:42 +0100 2919497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2908034&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk110870153308502%2F Abstract  The submandibular gland (SMG) of mice shows a marked sexual dimorphism in which a duct portion called the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) is developed preferentially in males during puberty. The administration of testosterone to female mice causes the conversion of striated duct (SD) cells into GCT cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor functioning downstream of a variety of signal transduction pathways. In the present study, we examined the expression, activation and cellular localization of CREB in the mouse SMG using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Both total CREB (t-CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) were significantly more abundant in the female t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2908034 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 18:01:46 +0100 2908034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898125&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe0778xj273115106%2F In this report, we have addressed this issue by generating a HEp2 cell line with inducible expression of Rab5(Q79L) and performing ultrastructural analysis of Rab5(Q79L)-induced endosomes. We find that Rab5(Q79L) not only induces formation of enlarged early endosomes but also causes enlargement of later endocytic profiles. Most strikingly, Rab5(Q79L) causes formation of enlarged multivesicular endosomes with a large number of intraluminal vesicles, and endosomes that contain both early and late endocytic markers are frequently observed. In addition, we observe defects in the sorting of the EGF receptor and the transferrin receptor through this compartment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0643-8Authors Catherine Sem Wegener, The Norwegian ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898125 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:00:03 +0100 2898125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898124&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn64t64n11qt5075m%2F Abstract  Among six actin isoforms, α-skeletal and α-cardiac actins have similar amino acid components and are highly conserved. Although skeletal muscles essentially express α-skeletal actins in the adult tissue, α-cardiac isoform actin is prominent in the embryonic muscle tissue. Switching of actin isoforms from α-cardiac to α-skeletal actin occurs during skeletal muscle differentiation. The cardiac type α-actin is expressed in the regeneration and patho-physiological states of the skeletal muscles as well. In the present study, we demonstrate the morphological switching of α-type actin isoforms from α-cardiac to α-skeletal actin in vitro using mouse ES cells for the first time. Immunofluorescent double staining with two specific antibodies revealed that α-card... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898124 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:00:03 +0100 2898124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898126&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6656n7v4671u8231%2F Abstract  Membranous epithelial cells (M cells) of the follicle-associated epithelium in Peyer’s patches have a high capacity for transcytosis of several viruses and microorganisms. Here, we report that we have successfully established a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE cells) and developed an in vitro M cell model. BIE cells have a cobblestone morphology and microvilli-like structures, and strongly express cell-to-cell junctional proteins and cytokeratin, which is a specific intermediate filament protein of epithelial cells. After co-culture with murine intestinal lymphocytes or treatment with supernatant from bovine PBMC cultured with IL-2, BIE cells acquired the ability of transcytosis. Therefore, BIE cells have typical characteristics of bovine intestinal e... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898126 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:00:02 +0100 2898126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2908035&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw465681x715gu7ml%2F Abstract  Protein p0071 is a member of the p120-subfamily of armadillo proteins and is well known as a junctional plaque component involved in cell–cell adhesion, especially in adherens junctions. By systematic immunohistochemical analysis of mouse and human kidney tissues, p0071 was prominently detected in distinct kidney tubules. Upon double-labeling immunolocalization experiments with segment-specific markers, p0071 was predominantly localized in distal straight and convoluted tubules and to a lesser extent in proximal tubules, in the ascending thin limb of loop of Henle and in the collecting ducts. In capillaries of the kidney, p0071 co-localized with VE-cadherin an endothelium-specific cadherin. Protein p0071 was also detected in both, renal cell carcinomas derived fr... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2908035 Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:00:01 +0100 2908035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898127&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F671373772234v4v8%2F Abstract  Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids and four surfactant-associated proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D). The biological functions of SP-A and SP-D are primarily twofold, namely surfactant homeostasis and host defense. The hydrophobic surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, are required for achieving the optimal surface tension reducing properties of surfactant by promoting the rapid adsorption of surfactant phospholipids along the alveolar surface. Despite the promising findings, only little is known about the extrapulmonary distribution of these proteins. Therefore, in this study, the presence of SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D in early human placenta has been investigated. First-trimester placental tissues (22–56 days) were obtained from wome... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898127 Tue, 13 Oct 2009 21:05:18 +0100 2898127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2889852&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp6126p33u6762786%2F In conclusion, induction of TRAP provides an early sign of macrophage responsiveness in DSS induced colitis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0647-4Authors Pernilla Lång, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine 141 86 Stockholm SwedenStefan Lange, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Department of Clinical Bacteriology Göteborg SwedenDick Delbro, University of Karlstad Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Karlstad SwedenGöran Andersson, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine 141 86 Stockholm Sweden Journal Histochemistry and Cell BiologyOnline ISSN 1432-119XPrin... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2889852 Sun, 11 Oct 2009 07:12:19 +0100 2889852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2881073&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc4162168q046506n%2F This report described the first successful isolation and characterisation of hNDP-SCs. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0646-5Authors Erdal Karaöz, Kocaeli University Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Applied Center 41380 Kocaeli TurkeyBurcu Nur Doğan, University of Marmara Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 34100 Istanbul TurkeyAyça Aksoy, Kocaeli University Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Applied Center 41380 Kocaeli TurkeyGülçin Gacar, Kocaeli University Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Applied Center 41380 Kocaeli TurkeySerap Akyüz, University of Marmara Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry 34100 Istanbul TurkeySelda Ayhan, Kocaeli University Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Applied... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2881073 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:06:52 +0100 2881073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2881074&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft863208021207u83%2F In this study, we aimed at improving the temporal resolution of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for observing living cells by introducing soft cantilevers, low feedback-gain operations, and cantilever deflection imaging. We achieved visualization of the mechanical architecture in leading lamellae of living fibroblasts at a temporal resolution of around 10 s, which is higher than that of conventional contact-mode SPM. Time-lapse SPM could be used to monitor not only cytoskeletal dynamics but also the dynamics of numerous microgranules. Statistical analysis of microgranular motion revealed that the microgranules have superdiffusive behaviors and significant directional order of motion. We also found that the direction of their motion is correlated with the direction of growing act... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2881074 Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:06:50 +0100 2881074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2850783&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe771n22887104044%2F Abstract  Fatty acid binding protein of epidermal type (E-FABP) was expressed/localized in most, if not all, populations of the dendritic cells in the subepithelial domes, follicles and interfollicular regions of Peyer’s patches and presumptive macrophages in their germinal centers, and all M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium of mouse intestine. The immunoreactivity in both of the cell populations makes it easy to recognize the accumulation of DCs in the subepithelial domes in close proximity to the base of M cells, which is essential for luminal antigens to be transported to Peyer’s patches. E-FABP may play some important roles in the mucosal immune reaction through Peyer’s patches and associated structures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original P... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2850783 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 04:05:08 +0100 2850783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2850784&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnlu7117023103lp0%2F The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of P2X3 receptors in spinal and vagal sensory neurons and esophageal tissues following esophagitis in rats. Two groups of rats were used including 7 days fundus-ligated (7D-ligated) esophagitis and sham-operated controls. Esophagitis was produced by ligating the fundus and partial obstruction of pylorus that initiated reflux of gastric contents. The sham-operated rats underwent midline incision without surgical manipulation of the stomach. Expressions of P2X3 receptors in thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), nodose ganglia (NGs), and esophageal tissues were evaluated by RT–PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Esophageal neurons were identified by retrograde transport of Fast Blue from the esophagus. There wer... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2850784 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 14:40:37 +0100 2850784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2836031&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbg31582860047142%2F Abstract  During early pregnancy in the rat, focal adhesions disassemble in uterine luminal epithelial cells at the time of implantation to facilitate their removal so that the implanting blastocyst can invade into the underlying endometrial decidual cells. This study investigated the effect of ovarian hormones on the distribution and protein expression of two focal adhesion proteins, talin and paxillin, in rat uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells under various hormone regimes. Talin and paxillin showed a major distributional change between different hormone regimes. Talin and paxillin were highly concentrated along the basal cell surface of uterine luminal epithelial cells in response to oestrogen treatment. However, this prominent staining of talin and paxillin ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2836031 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:42:00 +0100 2836031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812123&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg382142540x58w55%2F Abstract  The origin of fetal Leydig cells (FLC) and whether they share a common lineage with adult Leydig cells (ALC) is still under debate, and a marker to reliably track and isolate fetal Leydig precursor cells remains to be identified. We analyzed KIT positive (KIT+) cells in gonads from bovine fetuses with crown-rump-length (CRL) 2.5–85 cm by immunohistochemistry, and found that KIT expression was gender-specific. In female gonads, expression was mainly associated with epithelial cell cords, which extended from the surface epithelium towards the KIT-negative inner stroma. In male gonads of fetuses, after CRL 2.9 cm, KIT expression was strikingly strong in interstitial cells (IC). Only a few KIT+ cells were detected in the epithelial cell cords and in the st... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812123 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 16:11:29 +0100 2812123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812122&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg3pn8711rrn838l1%2F Abstract  Epitope retrieval (ER) using heating causes a dramatic improvement in the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Here, the relationship between the pH of the retrieval buffer used for heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) and the isoelectric points (pI) of the antigen recognized by antibodies against nuclear proteins (mainly human pituitary transcription factors in this study) was investigated using FFPE tissue sections. A universal buffer, with a buffering capacity over a wide pH range from 2.0 to 12.0, was used for HIER. We found that the intensity of staining for most nuclear proteins after HIER depended simply on the pH of the buffer. Importantly, for efficient HIER, antigens with acidic pI required bas... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812122 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 16:11:29 +0100 2812122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812124&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F56767p646v95223n%2F Abstract  High activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, is typically present in rapidly proliferating normal and malignant cells. The mitotically inactive steroidogenic cells in rodent testis and ovaries, however, also display high ODC activity. The activity of ODC in these cells responds to luteinizing hormone, and inhibition of ODC reduces the production of steroid hormones. Polyamines and ODC also control proliferation of germ cells and spermiogenesis. The activity of ODC, especially in proliferating cells, is regulated by antizyme inhibitor (AZIN). This protein displaces ODC from a complex with its inhibitor, antizyme. We have previously identified and cloned a second AZIN, i.e. antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2), which has t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812124 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 18:49:51 +0100 2812124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812125&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl1u271km31268838%2F Abstract  The Lgi1 protein is involved in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy because mutations in the leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) gene have been found in affected subjects and families; however, the function of Lgi1 is still unclear. Definition of the fine intracellular distribution of Lgi1 in normal cortical tissue would add in understanding its role and envisage pathogenetic mechanisms. Therefore, we analyzed normal rat cortex for Lgi1 by combining biochemistry, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that Lgi1 is a cytoplasmic protein distributed both in the soma and in the processes of neurons: it occurs on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the site of synthesis, in the Golgi complex, where i... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812125 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 18:49:50 +0100 2812125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812126&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcu7136r2utv62685%2F In this study, we treated rats with 2-acetylaminofluorene/carbon tetrachloride to induce hepatic oval cells. By expression microarray analysis, we investigated global gene expression profiles in liver tissue, with an emphasis on adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), growth factors/cytokines, and receptors that might contribute to the distinct behaviors of oval cells. Genes upregulated at least twofold were selected. We then performed immunostaining to verify the microarray results and identified expression of MMP-7 and CD44 in oval cells. Staining of cytokeratin (CK)-19, an oval-cell marker, was similar between oval cells located next to periportal areas and those located far within the parenchyma. In contrast, CD44 staining was more int... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812126 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 18:49:49 +0100 2812126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2743592&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy5805ww2l5337712%2F Abstract  The nonadherent (NA) population of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNC) has been demonstrated to be a source of osteogenic precursors in addition to the plastic-adherent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). In the current study, two subpopulations of late adherent (LA) osteoprogenitors were obtained by subsequent replating of NA cells, and their phenotypic, functional, and molecular properties were compared with those of early adherent (EA) MSC. Approximately 35% of MNC were LA cells, and they acquired a homogeneous expression of MSC antigens later than EA cells. In EA-MSC, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased significantly from time of seeding to the first confluence, whereas in LA cells it raised later, after the addition of mineralization medium... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2743592 Thu, 27 Aug 2009 16:33:52 +0100 2743592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2729516&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp67238482528m066%2F Abstract  Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), employed in polyvinyl chloride fabrication and released by endotracheal tubes, is known to cause alterations to several mammalian tissues, markedly in immature animals. The high incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy in preterm babies submitted to endotracheal intubation prompted us to investigate the effects of DEHP in lung and retina perinatal development. We previously demonstrated that in rats delivered and breast-fed by DEHP-treated mothers lung alveolarisation is severely impaired. In the present research, the maturation of retinal vessels was studied in (a) flat-mounted retinas obtained after intracardiac injection of FITC-conjugated dextran, (b) flat-mounted retinas incubated with FITC-conju... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2729516 Sat, 22 Aug 2009 18:53:12 +0100 2729516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2719214&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fagx773468t418773%2F In this study, the deposition patterns of fibulin-1 and fibrinogen were examined in human coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions excised by atherectomy from 20 patients. Fibulin-1 deposition was found to be closely overlapping with fibrinogen located within the atherosclerotic lesions and in regions containing fresh thrombi. Pronounced intracellular fibulin-1 immunostaining was apparent in lesion areas rich in macrophages and foam cells, although THP-1 macrophages and foam cells were found not to express fibulin-1. Strong ECM deposition of fibulin-1 was observed in acellular atheromatous and myxomatous regions. By contrast, fibulin-1 was present at relatively low levels in the ECM associated with smooth muscle cells within and outside of lesions and was not detected in sclerotic reg... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2719214 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 17:50:06 +0100 2719214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2719215&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn572161ug810g268%2F Abstract  Microtubules in typical cells form radial arrays with their plus-ends pointing toward the cell periphery. In contrast, microtubules in dendrites of neurons are free from centrosomes and have a unique arrangement in which about half have a polarity with a minus-end distal orientation. Mechanisms for generation and maintenance of the microtubule arrangement in dendrites are not well understood. Here, we examined dendritic localization of a centrosomal protein, ninein, which has microtubule-anchoring and stabilizing functions. Immunohistochemical analysis of developing mouse cerebral and cerebellar cortices showed that ninein is localized at the centrosome in undifferentiated neural precursors. In contrast, ninein was barely detected in migrating neurons, such as tho... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2719215 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 08:29:31 +0100 2719215 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2719216&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu0515x7q76471641%2F In this study, morphological and immunophenotypic properties of BM-MSCs were examined in detail. Differentiation potential and growth kinetics of adult rat BM-MSCs were also determined. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR results indicated that BM-MSCs expressed myogenic (desmin, myogenin, myosin IIa, and α-SMA), neurogenic (γ-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, GFAP and beta III tubulin), and osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, BMP-2, BMP-4 and type I collagen) markers without stimulation towards differentiation. These expression patterns indicated why these cells can easily differentiate into multiple lineages both in vitro and in vivo. Ultrastructural characteristics of rBM-MSCs showed more developed and metabolically active cells. Content Type Journal Article... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2719216 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 09:37:12 +0100 2719216 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2701865&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F54763822j4476050%2F Abstract  Maternal ingestion of folic acid (FA) reduces neural tube defects, which are associated with high homocysteine levels. Present study evaluated the effects of FA and homocysteine on cell proliferation and cell adhesion, as well as on apoptosis, throughout the development of the spinal cord and mesenchyme of chicken embryos. Normal closure of the neural tube and a regular distribution of the mesenchymal cells were observed in control and FA-treated embryos. All homocysteine-treated embryos and also 6 of 10 embryos treated with FA + homocysteine showed failure of closure of the neural tube. Homocysteine decreased the thickness of the mantle and marginal layers of the spinal cord, and FA did not prevent this effect. FA treatment reversed the decrease of prol... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2701865 Wed, 12 Aug 2009 15:36:16 +0100 2701865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2698950&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ffmg7871g10652356%2F Abstract  We evaluated the immunohistochemical distribution of three major proteoglycans of cartilage, i.e., aggrecan, versican and perlecan vis-a-vis collagens I and II in the developing human spine of first-trimester foetuses. Aggrecan and perlecan were prominently immunolocalised in the cartilaginous vertebral body rudiments and to a lesser extent within the foetal intervertebral disc. In contrast, versican was only expressed in the developing intervertebral disc interspace. Using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies against the various modules of versican, we discovered the V0 isoform as the predominant form present. Versican immunolocalisations conducted with antibodies directed to epitopes in its N and C termini and GAG-α and GAG-β core protein domains provided evi... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2698950 Tue, 11 Aug 2009 00:03:13 +0100 2698950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2681391&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fau040l558g4q4441%2F This study attempts to show, with respect to immunohistochemically stained nuclei, which morphometric parameters may be altered by the different levels of JPEG compression, and the implications of these alterations for automated nuclear counts, and further, develops a method for correcting this discrepancy in the nuclear count. For this purpose, 47 DIs from different tissues were captured in uncompressed TIFF format and converted to 1:3, 1:23 and 1:46 compression JPEG images. Sixty-five positive objects were selected from these images, and six morphological parameters were measured and compared for each object in TIFF images and those of the different compression levels using a set of previously developed and tested macros. Roundness proved to be the only morphological parameter that... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2681391 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 20:43:54 +0100 2681391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2666826&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm651526826624218%2F Abstract  For somatic cell nuclear transfer cytoplasts from metaphase II, oocytes are exclusively used. However, it is evident that certain reprogramming activities are present in oocytes even at earlier stages of maturation. These activities are, however, only poorly characterised. The main reason for this is that even the intrinsic oocyte processes are insufficiently understood. The mammalian oocyte is a highly specialised cell that harbours many specific characteristics. One of these is its particularly large size when compared to somatic cells. As the oocyte enters the growth phase its volume, as well as the amount of material, increases considerably. Thus, it is clear that the oocyte must possess the machinery to accomplish this incredible material accumulation. When t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2666826 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 19:48:02 +0100 2666826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2666825&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fdm521h5127706644%2F Abstract  The cellular nanocosm is made up of numerous types of macromolecular complexes or biological nanomachines. These form functional modules that are organized into complex subcellular networks. Information on the ultra-structure of these nanomachines has mainly been obtained by analyzing isolated structures, using imaging techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or single particle electron microscopy (EM). Yet there is a strong need to image biological complexes in a native state and within a cellular environment, in order to gain a better understanding of their functions. Emerging methods in EM are now making this goal reachable. Cryo-electron tomography bypasses the need for conventional fixatives, dehydration and stains, so that a close-to-native environment ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2666825 Fri, 31 Jul 2009 19:48:02 +0100 2666825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2662314&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F375272621340673h%2F Abstract  We monitored changes in SERCA isoform specific expression and S-nitrosylation in myofibers of lower limb soleus (SOL) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies before and after 60 days of voluntary long term bed rest (BR) without (BR-CTRL group, n = 8) and with exercise countermeasure (BR-EX group, n = 8). Before BR, a typical myofiber type-specific distribution of fast and slow SERCA1/2a isoforms was seen. After BR, a subpopulation (approx. 15%) of slow myofibers in BR-CTRL additionally expressed the fast SERCA1a isoform which was not seen in BR-EX. After BR, SERCA1a S-nitrosylation patterns analyzed by the biotin-switch assay decreased in disused SOL only but increased in both muscles following exercise. Differential SERCA1a S-nitrosylati... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2662314 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 19:54:24 +0100 2662314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2653189&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm23196208nx11223%2F This study is the first to examine the expression of the 14 monocarboxylate transporter genes (MCT1–MCT14) in the mammary gland of mammals. RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy were applied in a comprehensive approach to assess the expression and cellular localization of MCTs in the mammary gland of lactating cattle. RT-PCR revealed the existence of nine MCT isoforms, namely MCT1, MCT2, MCT3, MCT4, MCT5, MCT8, MCT10, MCT13, and MCT14 in cow mammary gland. The amplified cDNA segments were confirmed by sequence analysis and deposited in the GenBank. Using the commercially available antibodies against MCT1–MCT8, Western blotting verified the protein expression of MCT1, MCT2, MCT3, MCT4, MCT5, and MCT8 in the cow mammary gland. ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2653189 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 21:50:22 +0100 2653189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2648528&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F864957l60182t024%2F Abstract  Recent advances in our understanding of the cell surfaces strongly rely on new physical methods and concepts. During last decades, microscopy techniques combined with statistical analysis and modelling have significantly improved the toolkit of life scientists. They provide quantitative ways to analyse diverse biological functions such as cell signalling and cell adhesion at different scales. Here, I review quantitative approaches to cell-surface dynamics and mechanics. I focus on two specific topics: how membrane molecules dynamically organize in membranes and how cell-surface mechanics can contribute to tissue morphogenesis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewsDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0620-2Authors Pierre-François Lenne, Université Aix-Marseille II, C... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2648528 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 22:19:41 +0100 2648528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644566&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj20223065400256u%2F Abstract  Connexins are four-transmembrane-domain proteins expressed in all vertebrates which form permeable gap junction channels that connect cells. Here, we analysed Connexin-43 (Cx43) transport to the plasma membrane and studied the effects of small GTPases acting along the secretory pathway. We show that both GTP- and GDP-restricted Sar1 prevents exit of Cx43 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but only GTP-restricted Sar1 arrests Cx43 in COP II-coated ER exit sites and accumulates 14-3-3 proteins in the ER fraction. FRET-FLIM data confirm that already in ER exit sites Cx43 exists in oligomeric form, suggesting an in vivo role for 14-3-3 in Cx43 oligomerization. Exit of Cx43 from the ER can be blocked by other factors—such as expression of the β subunit of the COP ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644566 Sat, 25 Jul 2009 00:28:52 +0100 2644566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2639474&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn1g682466u381264%2F Abstract  Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. In zebrafish, two genes encoding TH have been identified. We cloned them and studied their expression in zebrafish. In adult tissues, th1 mRNA was more abundant than th2 mRNA in the brain and eyes, whereas th2 mRNA was more abundant in the liver, kidney, heart and gills. In developing brain, th1 mRNA was readily detected at 1 day post-fertilization using qPCR and in situ hybridization, whereas th2 mRNA appeared later. th1 was found in 17 catecholaminergic groups in larval brain, whereas th2 was found in four additional groups. A monoclonal antibody commonly used against TH detected preferentially TH1 protein. The two th genes, probably originated as a result of genome dupli... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2639474 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 09:00:46 +0100 2639474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2590911&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx031p12v65757343%2F Abstract  The stigmoid body (STB) is a neurocytoplasmic inclusion containing huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1), an interactor of huntingtin, and its formation is induced by transfection of HAP1-cDNA into cultured cells. Although STB is believed to play a protective role in polyglutamine diseases, including Huntington’s disease and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, by sequestering the causative proteins, huntingtin and androgen receptor, respectively, its physiological function and formation remain poorly understood. Therefore, STB is occasionally confused with another cytoplasmic inclusion observed in polyglutamine diseases, the aggresome. Here we examined the subcellular dynamics of STB and compared it immunohistochemically and cytochemically with the aggresome in... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2590911 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:15:14 +0100 2590911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2590912&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk216p835k3l68744%2F Abstract  The oral mucosa is a highly specialised, stratified epithelium that confers protection from infection and physical, chemical and thermal stimuli. The non-keratinised junctional epithelium surrounds each tooth like a collar and is easily attacked by foreign substances from the oral sulcus. We found that TRPV2, a temperature-gated channel, is highly expressed in junctional epithelial cells, but not in oral sulcular epithelial cells or oral epithelial cells. Dual or triple immunolabelling with immunocompetent cell markers also revealed TRPV2 expression in Langerhans cells and in dendritic cells and macrophages. Electron microscopy disclosed TRPV2 immunoreactivity in the unmyelinated and thinly myelinated axons within the connective tissue underlying the epithelium. T... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2590912 Mon, 06 Jul 2009 20:00:27 +0100 2590912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2550118&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe151256701788uj4%2F Abstract  The lipid droplet (LD) is an organelle with a lipid ester core and a surface phospholipid monolayer. The mechanism of LD biogenesis is not well understood. The present study aimed to elucidate the LD growth process, for which we developed a new electron microscopic method that quantifies the proportion of existing and newly synthesized triglycerides in individual LDs. Our method takes advantage of the reactivity of unsaturated fatty acids and osmium tetroxide, which imparts LDs an electron density that reflects fatty acid composition. With this method, existing triglyceride-rich LDs in 3Y1 fibroblasts were observed to incorporate newly synthesized triglycerides at a highly uniform rate. This uniformity and its persistence even after microtubules were depolymerized... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2550118 Fri, 26 Jun 2009 07:12:55 +0100 2550118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503757&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe18w1j22k6w5738t%2F Abstract  AE4 is an anion exchanger almost exclusively expressed in the collecting ducts of the kidney. This very restricted expression prompted us to analyze its transcription in more detail. 5′ RACE yielded alternative transcriptional start sites that are predicted to code for N-terminal protein variants. Comparison of the 5′ genomic sequence between species identified a transcriptionally active region with three conserved spans. In transgenic mice β-galactosidase expression driven by this fragment resembled endogenous AE4 expression and was predominantly restricted to type B intercalated cells. Hence this promoter could prove useful to target type B intercalated cells by genetic approaches. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503757 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 06:43:26 +0100 2503757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503759&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwg36265v032151m7%2F Abstract  Pleiotrophin (Ptn) is a secreted, developmentally regulated growth factor associated with the extracellular matrix. During mammalian embryogenesis, Ptn has been suggested to play a role in the development of various embryonic structures including nervous system and skeleton. In the avian embryo, Ptn has been proposed to be involved in limb cartilage development, but embryonic Ptn expression has not been comprehensively studied. We isolated a cDNA fragment containing the full-length coding sequence of chick Ptn and studied the expression of Ptn in detail until embryonic day 10. We, furthermore, isolated a 6,385-bp phage clone containing the Ptn cDNA of 2,551 bp and additional 3,787 bp downstream of the published Ptn cDNA sequence classifying a yet Ptn-unrel... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503759 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 07:22:23 +0100 2503759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503758&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6630077557772p64%2F This study was designed to systematically analyze the expression of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor subunits in various human cancer cell lines, compare expression levels to those in human brain tissue and, using electrophysiological techniques, explore whether cancer cells respond to glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists. Expression analysis of glutamate receptor subunits NR1-NR3B, GluR1-GluR7, KA1, KA2 and mGluR1-mGluR8 was performed by means of RT-PCR in human rhabdomyosarcoma/medulloblastoma (TE671), neuroblastoma (SK-NA-S), thyroid carcinoma (FTC 238), lung carcinoma (SK-LU-1), astrocytoma (MOGGCCM), multiple myeloma (RPMI 8226), glioma (U87-MG and U343), lung carcinoma (A549), colon adenocarcinoma (HT 29), T cell leukemia cells (Jurkat E6.1), breast carcinom... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503758 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 07:22:23 +0100 2503758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467950&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw5gk16820366621n%2F We present a method for autometallographic (AMG) enhancement of the Golgi-Cox staining enabling high resolution visualization of dendrites and spines. The method is cheaper and more flexible than conventional enhancement procedures performed with commercial photographic developers. The staining procedure is thoroughly described and we demonstrate with qualitative and quantitative data, how histological tissue sectioning, Golgi-Cox immersion time and different AMG enhancement length may influence the staining of dendrites and spines in the rat hippocampus. The described method will be of value for future behavioural-anatomical studies, examining changes in dendrite branching and spine density caused by brain diseases and their subsequent treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCatego... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467950 Sun, 07 Jun 2009 10:35:26 +0100 2467950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2462727&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F89866784n3852144%2F Abstract  Although intestinal (I) and liver (L) fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) have been widely studied, the physiological significance of the presence of the two FABP forms (I- and L-FABP) in absorptive cells remains unknown as do the differences related to their distribution along the crypt-villus axis, regional expression, ontogeny and regulation in the human intestine. Our morphological experiments supported the expression of I- and L-FABP as early as 13 weeks of gestation. Whereas cytoplasmic immunofluorescence staining of L-FABP was barely detectable in the lower half of the villus and in the crypt epithelial cells, I-FABP was visualized in epithelial cells of the crypt-villus axis in all intestinal segments until the adult period in which the staining was maximize... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2462727 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 09:47:20 +0100 2462727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2462728&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F01g12645l8w015l6%2F Abstract  Polybia-MPII (INWLKLGKMVIDAL-NH2), a mastoparan isolated from the crude venom of the swarming wasp Polybia paulista, was injected into the left hind limb of Swiss white mice. Between 3 h and 21 days later the mice were killed and the soleus muscles from both hind limbs were removed. Sections of the muscles were made for transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy showed that both the volume fraction occupied by synaptic vesicles and synaptic vesicle density was greatly reduced after exposure to Polybia-MPII, although there was no significant structural damage to the plasma membrane of the terminal boutons and mitochondria were indistinguishable from those in normal, control boutons. Immunocytochemistry reveal... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2462728 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 09:47:19 +0100 2462728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2462729&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7u12481402135768%2F Abstract  We recently described the Palate Lung Nasal Clone (PLUNC) family of proteins as an extended group of proteins expressed in the upper airways, nose and mouth. Little is known about these proteins, but they are secreted into the airway and nasal lining fluids and saliva where, due to their structural similarity with lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, they may play a role in the innate immune defence. We now describe the generation and characterisation of novel affinity-purified antibodies to SPLUNC2, and use them to determine the expression of this, the major salivary gland PLUNC. Western blotting showed that the antibodies identified a number of distinct protein bands in saliva, whilst immunohistochemical analysis de... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2462729 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 09:47:17 +0100 2462729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2455937&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr648p5l1w1331q00%2F Abstract  Presently applied methods to identify and quantify human satellite cells (SCs) give discrepant results. We introduce a new immunofluorescence method that simultaneously monitors two SC markers (NCAM and Pax7), the basal lamina and nuclei. Biopsies from power-lifters, power-lifters using anabolic substances and untrained subjects were re-examined. Significantly different results from those with staining for NCAM and nuclei were observed. There were three subtypes of SCs; NCAM+/Pax7+ (94%), NCAM+/Pax7− (4%) and NCAM−/Pax7+ (1%) but large individual variability existed. The proportion of SCs per nuclei within the basal lamina of myofibres (SC/N) was similar for all groups reflecting a balance between the number of SCs and myonuclei to maintain homeostasis. We empha... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2455937 Sun, 31 May 2009 08:12:01 +0100 2455937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2455938&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F67961332m0763665%2F This study aimed to evaluate the expression and presence of surfactant proteins (SP) A, B, C, and D in human salivary glands and saliva. The expression of mRNA for SP-A, -B, -C and -D was analyzed by RT-PCR in healthy parotid and submandibular glands. Deposition of all surfactant proteins was determined with monoclonal antibodies by means of Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in healthy tissues and saliva of volunteers. Our results show that all four surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D are peptides of saliva and salivary glands. Based on the known direct and indirect antimicrobial effects of collectins, the surfactant-associated proteins A and D appear to be involved in immune defense inside the oral cavity. Furthermore, by lowering surface tension between saliv... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2455938 Sat, 30 May 2009 08:20:33 +0100 2455938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432115&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F146150160564xnu2%2F Abstract  The highest expression level of a 70-kDa heat shock protein family member Hspa2 is detected specifically in meiotic and post-meiotic male germ cells, which is reflected by original name of this protein, i.e., testis-specific Hsp70. However, this chaperon protein could be also detected in certain somatic tissues. Here, the extra-testicular expression pattern of mouse Hspa2 was analyzed. We found expression of Hspa2 in various epithelial cells including lining of bronchioles and oviduct, columnar epithelium of endometrium, epithelial reticular cells of thymus, transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder, or ependymal cells covering walls of the ventricular system of the brain. Surprisingly, Hspa2 was a putative secretory protein in intestine, endometrial glands a... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432115 Fri, 22 May 2009 06:47:09 +0100 2432115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2422725&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8212414565240805%2F Abstract  Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle (SM) contraction is determined by CPI-17, an inhibitor protein for myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP). CPI-17 is highly expressed in mature SM cells, but the expression level varies under pathological conditions. Here, we determined the expression of CPI-17 in embryonic SM tissues and arterial neointimal lesions using immunohistochemistry. As seen in adult animals, the predominant expression of CPI-17 was detected at SM tissues on mouse embryonic sections, whereas MLCP was ubiquitously expressed. Compared with SM α-actin, CPI-17 expression doubled in arterial SM from embryonic day E10 to E14. Like SM α-actin and other SM marker proteins, CPI-17 was expressed in embryonic heart, and the expression was down-regulated at E17. In... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2422725 Wed, 13 May 2009 06:07:29 +0100 2422725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2402520&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk84gt1k7777t122t%2F Abstract  The tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 is expressed on endothelial cells, and together with its ligand angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), is important for angiogenesis and vascular stability. Upon activation by Ang1, Tie2 is rapidly internalized and degraded, a mechanism most likely necessary to attenuate receptor activity. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we show that on the surface of endothelial cells, Tie2 is arranged in variably sized clusters containing dimers and higher order oligomers. Clusters of Tie2 were expressed on the apical and basolateral plasma membranes, and on the tips of microvilli. Upon activation by Ang1, Tie2 co-localized with the clathrin heavy chain at the apical and basolateral plasma membranes and within endothelial cells indicating that Tie2 intern... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2402520 Fri, 08 May 2009 05:58:45 +0100 2402520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2386506&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb435261153h66013%2F The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of PPM1A in normal and malignant human placenta and its role in trophoblast invasion, which shares many similarities with invasion of tumor cells. By Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, significantly higher expression of PPM1A in human placental villi at term was found as compared with that during the first trimester. Furthermore, the expression level of PPM1A protein in hydatidiform moles was lower compared with that during normal pregnancy. We further investigated the function of PPM1A in extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that PPM1A siRNA significantly promoted the motility and invasiveness of the cells. Gelatin zymography showed that knockd... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2386506 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 06:03:25 +0100 2386506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2386507&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr1048016vp687118%2F Abstract  Calcitonin receptor-immunoreactive (CTR-ir) endothelial and foam cells were identified in atherosclerotic plaque within the abdominal and thoracic aortas of rabbits fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet. Initially, cells within the endothelial layers of nascent atherosclerotic plaque of arteries were also CD34-positive, a marker of precursor cells of the haematopoietic lineage. In a further rabbit model with more advanced cardiovascular disease, CTR-ir cells were located deeper within the plaque as well as within the endothelial layer overlying the neo-intima. Finally, in the third model, in which the 4-week period on the atherogenic diet was followed by a 12-week period of regression on a normal chow diet, during which serum cholesterol levels returned to the norma... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2386507 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 06:03:23 +0100 2386507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2386508&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1t56rt92n7381g64%2F Abstract  The signal peptide is a critical component in the secretory expression of protein in eukaryotic cells. It has been verified that the signal peptide of mouse nerve growth factor could mediate the secretory expression of beta-endorphin in cultured non-neuronal cells. Although there is a counterpart of nerve growth factor in human genome, no research about the signal sequence from human genome has been reported. The function of mediating secretory expression is affected by many factors. We assumed that the counterpart from human genome could function as the signal peptide from mouse nerve growth factor does and these two signal sequences had different efficiency in mediating secretory expression of beta-endorphin, but we could not figure out which one had a better fu... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2386508 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 06:03:22 +0100 2386508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2366939&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk2627w5882v63404%2F Abstract  Pinopodes represent the morphological and integrins, the biomollecular markers of endometrial receptivity. We studied using scanning electron microscopy, the expression of pinopodes on tubal samples and their corresponding endometria, from 21 women of reproductive age (7 from proliferative phase, 7 from day LH +5 and 7 from day LH +7). In addition, we examined the immunohistochemical staining of integrins αvβ3, αvβ5 and their ligands, fibronectin (FN) and osteopontin (OPN) in the same tubal epithelium samples. Pinopodes were detected on the tubal epithelium exclusively during day LH +7, coincident with their formation in the endometrium and synchronous to αvβ3 sharp increase in the oviduct epithelium, suggesting a regulation similar to the endometrium. In con... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2366939 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 08:26:42 +0100 2366939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358435&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp41342213g13mqm8%2F Abstract  Galectin-1 (gal-1) triggers T cell death by several distinct intracellular pathways including the activation of the death-receptor pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gal-1 induced activation of the death-receptor pathway in Jurkat T lymphocytes mediates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway linked by truncated Bid (tBid). We demonstrate that gal-1 induced proteolytic cleavage of the death agonist Bid, a member of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL family and a substrate of activated caspase-8, was inhibited by caspase-8 inhibitor II (Z-IETD-FMK). Downstream of Bid, gal-1 stimulated mitochondrial cytochrome c release as well as the activation and proteolytic processing of initiator procaspase-9 were effectively decreased by caspase-8 inhibitor II. Blocking of... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358435 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 10:04:22 +0100 2358435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358484&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw66153612x07473l%2F Abstract  The aim of this study was to determine whether passaged rat fetal liver cells are functional hepatoblasts. Hepatocyte/hepatoblast- and liver myofibroblast-gene-expressions were studied in adult and fetal rat liver tissues as well as in primary and passaged cultures of isolated rat fetal liver cells at both the mRNA and protein level. Desmin- and Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (SMA)-positive cells were located in the walls of liver vessels, whereas Desmin-positive/SMA-negative cells were distributed within the liver parenchyma. Primary cultures contained Prox1-positive hepatoblasts, Desmin/SMA-positive myofibroblasts and only a few Desmin-positive/SMA-negative cells. Albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) could be detected in the primary cultures and to a lesser extent afte... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358484 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 10:04:20 +0100 2358484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358468&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe37758r781705qg1%2F Abstract  Mallory bodies (MBs) represent keratin-rich inclusion bodies observed in human alcoholic liver disease and in several chronic non-alcoholic liver diseases. The mechanism of their formation and their relationship to other inclusion bodies such as aggresomes is incompletely understood. We could induce keratin aggregates typical of MBs in cultured clone 9 rat hepatocytes by transgenic expression of wild-type and mutant aquaporin2 or α1-antitrypsin and under various forms of other cellular stress. By immunocytochemical analysis, p62 and poly-ubiquitin, components of classical MBs, could be demonstrated in the keratin aggregates of clone 9 hepatocytes. In addition, histone deacetylase 6, a microtubule-associated deacetylase, was identified as a novel component of the ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358468 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 10:04:20 +0100 2358468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358451&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn36956x78j686185%2F Abstract  We investigated distribution of the nucleolar phosphoprotein Nopp140 within mammalian cells, using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. During interphase, three-dimensional image reconstructions of confocal sections revealed that nucleolar labelling appeared as several tiny spheres organized in necklaces. Moreover, after an immunogold labelling procedure, gold particles were detected not only over the dense fibrillar component but also over the fibrillar centres of nucleoli in untreated and actinomycin D-treated cells. Labelling was also consistently present in Cajal bodies. After pulse-chase experiments with BrUTP, colocalization was more prominent after a 10- to 15-min chase than after a 5-min chase. During mitosis, confocal anal... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358451 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 10:04:20 +0100 2358451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2358499&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm8264v32r8j12762%2F Abstract  Nephronophthisis belongs to a family of recessive cystic kidney diseases and may arise from mutations in multiple genes. In this report we have used a spontaneous mouse mutant of type 3 nephronophthisis to examine whether the doxycycline-inducible synthesis of Timp-2, a natural inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, can influence renal cyst growth in transgenic mice. Metalloproteinases may exert either a negative or a positive effect on the progression of cystic kidney disease, and we reasoned that this may be most effectively examined by using a natural inhibitor. Surprisingly, already the application of doxycycline, which also inhibits matrix metalloproteinases, accelerated renal cyst growth and led to increased renal fibrosis, an additional effect of Timp-2 wa... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2358499 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 10:04:19 +0100 2358499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339996&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F42l2k512431ug630%2F In this study we have identified lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a potent inducer of Arp2 mRNA localization to protrusions in fibroblasts via the RhoA-ROCK pathway. As RhoA is known to be activated locally in the cells, we sought to understand how spatial activation of Rho affects Arp2 mRNA localization. By sequentially performing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we have visualized active RhoA and Arp2 mRNA in the same cells. Upon LPA stimulation, approximately two times more cells than those in the serum-free medium showed mutually exclusive localization of active RhoA and Arp2 mRNA. These results demonstrate the importance of localized activation of Rho in Arp2 mRNA localization and provide new insights as to how Rho regul... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339996 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 06:01:46 +0100 2339996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339997&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuq762244119w8857%2F Abstract  Most molecular imaging technologies require exogenous probes and may have some influence on the intracellular dynamics of target molecules. In contrast, Raman scattering light measurement can identify biomolecules in their innate state without application of staining methods. Our aim was to analyze intracellular dynamics of topoisomerase I inhibitor, CPT-11, by using slit-scanning confocal Raman microscopy, which can take Raman images with high temporal and spatial resolution. We could acquire images of the intracellular distribution of CPT-11 and its metabolite SN-38 within several minutes without use of any exogenous tags. Change of subcellular drug localization after treatment could be assessed by Raman imaging. We also showed intracellular conversion from CPT-... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339997 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 06:01:45 +0100 2339997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339998&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3515467g522v9542%2F Abstract  Normal placenta development relies on the ability of trophoblast cells to invade into the uterus and to build up an extensively vascularized feto-maternal tissue, necessary for the nutrition of the embryo. The ability of cell migration, invasion, and the ability to induce neovascularization are likewise hallmarks of cancer cells. The metastasis-associated genes MTA1 and MTA3 are known to be involved in cancer cell migration by regulation of cell adhesion proteins and to induce the expression of neoangiogenic cytokines, as recently shown by us for ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of MTA1 and MTA3 in normal human placenta tissues and the chorionic cancer cell lines BeWo, JEG, and JAR. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a rather strong e... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339998 Sun, 12 Apr 2009 05:48:49 +0100 2339998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339999&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg573t79u150h8420%2F Abstract  Dermatan sulfate (DS) expression in normal tissue and ovarian cancer was investigated using the novel, phage display-derived antibody GD3A12 that was selected against embryonic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Antibody GD3A12 was especially reactive with DS rich in IdoA-GalNAc4S disaccharide units. IdoA residues are important for antibody recognition as DS polymers with low numbers of IdoA residues were less reactive, and expression of the DS epimerase in ovarian carcinoma cells was associated with expression of the GD3A12 epitope. Moreover, staining of antibody GD3A12 was abolished by chondroitinase-B lyase digestion. Expression of DS domains defined by antibody GD3A12 was confined to connective tissue of most organs examined and presented as a typical fibrillar-type o... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339999 Fri, 10 Apr 2009 05:58:04 +0100 2339999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340000&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0vx208h7566t438g%2F In conclusion, the NPR-C receptor is expressed in normal and neoplastic human alpha cells. These findings suggest a role for natriuretic peptides in the regulation of glucagon secretion from human alpha cells. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0591-3Authors Matthew D. Burgess, James A. Haley VA Hospital Surgery and Research & Development Services Research Service (151), 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard Tampa FL 33612-4745 USAKim D. Moore, James A. Haley VA Hospital Surgery and Research & Development Services Research Service (151), 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard Tampa FL 33612-4745 USAGay M. Carter, James A. Haley VA Hospital Surgery and Research & Development Services Research Service (151), 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard Tampa FL 33612-4745 US... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340000 Wed, 08 Apr 2009 08:06:31 +0100 2340000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340001&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcg862145x5j60u0w%2F Abstract  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the sixth most frequent human cancer worldwide and is characterized by rapid progression as well as resistance to systemic chemotherapy. Recently, glycolysis has emerged as a potent driving force of tumor growth and therapy failure. The precise role of glycolysis for the pathogenesis of human HCC has not been elucidated thus far. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns of central glycolysis-related factors [glucose transporter-1 and -2 (Glut-1 and Glut-2), phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)] in a large cohort of benign and malignant human liver samples. PGK-1 protein and gene expression was scant in normal liver, elevated in cirrhotic livers... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340001 Tue, 07 Apr 2009 05:48:02 +0100 2340001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323751&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg41v8337hh53j256%2F Abstract  The view of extracellular matrix (ECM) has evolved from a merely scaffolding and space filling tissue element to an interface actively controlling cellular activities and tissue functions. A highly specialized form of ECM is the basement membrane (BM), an ubiquitous sheet-like polymeric structure composed of a set of distinct glycoproteins and proteoglycans. In this review we are largely focusing on function and assembly of BM in skin (1) at the dermo-epidermal interface and (2) in the resident micro-vasculature. The role of the non-polymeric components perlecan and particularly nidogen is exemplified by reviewing experiments based on genetic approaches and adequate experimental skin models in vivo and in vitro. While in mice total deficiency of one of these compo... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323751 Tue, 31 Mar 2009 05:46:24 +0100 2323751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2323754&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm774300kg9300152%2F Abstract  Tissue inflammation and multiple cellular responses in the compensatory enlarged plantaris (OP Plt) muscle induced by surgical ablation of synergistic muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius) were followed over 10 weeks after surgery. Contralateral surgery was performed in adult Wistar male rats. Cellular responses in muscle fibers, blood vessels and nerve fibers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Severe muscle fiber damage and disappearance of capillaries associated with apparent tissue edema were observed in the peripheral portion of OP Plt muscles during the first week, whereas central portions were relatively preserved. Marked cell activation/proliferation was also mainly observed in peripheral portions. Similarly, activated myogenic cell... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2323754 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 08:04:54 +0100 2323754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2294710&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx0078760v1630871%2F Abstract  Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a commonly used stain for unsaturated lipids in electron and optical microscopy of cells and tissues. In this work, the localization of osmium oxide and specific lipids was independently monitored in mouse adipose tissue by using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with Bi cluster primary ions. Substance-specific ion images recorded after OsO4 staining showed that unsaturated C18 fatty acids were colocalized with osmium oxide, corroborating the view that osmium tetroxide binds to unsaturated lipids. In contrast, saturated fatty acids (C14, C16 and C18) and also unsaturated C16 fatty acids show largely complementary localizations to osmium oxide. Furthermore, the distributions of saturated and unsaturated diglycerides are consis... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2294710 Wed, 25 Mar 2009 06:55:19 +0100 2294710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2294706&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx139k86846464384%2F Abstract  Cellular responses in the compensatory hypertrophied (plantaris) muscle induced by surgical ablation of synergistic muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius) were determined during 10-week anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment. Adult Wistar male rats were divided randomly into the Control and Steroid groups, and contralateral surgery was performed. Nandrolone decanoate was administered to the Steroid group. [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine labeling were used to determine the serial changes in cellular mitotic activity and amino acid uptake. Myogenic cells and cellular responses in blood vessels and nerve fibers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Significantly lower cellular mitotic activity associated with lower volume of muscle fiber necrosis was observed in the ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2294706 Wed, 25 Mar 2009 06:55:19 +0100 2294706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2294714&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F67534w2726x73227%2F Abstract  Merkel cells (MCs) are neuroendocrine cells of unknown origin located in the skin. They are identified at electron microscopic level by electron dense granules, at light microscopic level by the presence of cytokeratins 8, 18, 19 and 20. Contradictory reports concerning the presence of other molecules of epithelial as well as neural origin prompted us to investigate whether there are distinct populations of human MCs. Here, we show the heterogeneous expression of villin, N-CAM, NGF-R, and neurofilaments in MCs. Synaptophysin is found in all MCs but with different intensity, nestin is absent. Expression patterns vary between interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles and glabrous epidermis. We conclude that there are distinct populations of MCs, but all populations ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2294714 Wed, 25 Mar 2009 06:55:18 +0100 2294714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283080&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv630874827137600%2F Abstract  Previously it was shown that growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (GH-R) are involved in growth-promoting events during early embryonic development. However, it is still unknown if GH-induced GH-R signalling may support other functions within the oviduct. The purpose of our study was to analyse GH-R expression and localization in the porcine oviduct during different stages of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy (days 2–3 post inseminationem to days 65–71). As shown by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), GH-R is expressed in the porcine oviduct during all stages of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy, respectively. Additionally, GH-R mRNA was detected in porcine conceptuses collected at day 18 of pregnancy. Using immunohistochemistry, GH-R was excl... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283080 Wed, 18 Mar 2009 07:04:27 +0100 2283080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2283081&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3404786424w67748%2F Abstract  The modalities of export of the ribosomal subunits from the nucleolus to the nuclear pores have been only partially clarified since it is not yet clear whether the movements depend purely on diffusion or also from an active process. Recently, we suggested the existence of an active transport mechanism of a subset (10–12%) of the small ribosomal subunits (SSU) (Cisterna et al. in 2006, Faseb J). Here, we give further evidence that an active, motor protein-mediated process exists for the SSU transport from the nucleolus to the nuclear pore. We demonstrate that the blockade of ATP synthesis and antibody-mediated inhibition of nuclear myosin or actin induce structural and functional modifications of the nucleolus, suggestive of transcriptional activity decrease. Mor... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2283081 Wed, 18 Mar 2009 07:04:25 +0100 2283081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2273019&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F973r60426x928255%2F Abstract  P2X1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 are all expressed in a differentiation-dependent manner in the rat lens. However, in the lens outer cortex the subcellular distribution of all P2X isoforms is predominantly associated with a pool of receptors located in cytoplasmic vesicles. Here we investigate whether osmotic and hyperglycemic stress can alter the subcellular distribution of this cytoplasmic pool of P2X receptors. We show that in a discrete zone of the deeper outer cortex an isoform and stimulus-specific shift in the subcellular distribution of P2X receptors occurs from the cytoplasm to defined membrane domains. In response to hypertonic stress P2X1 and P2X4 isoforms became more closely associated with the broad sides of fiber cells, while under hypotonic conditions P2X4 and ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2273019 Sat, 14 Mar 2009 13:17:01 +0100 2273019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2268239&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7r15477642311335%2F In this study, we examined PDGFRα immunoreactivity in the murine gastrointestinal tract. PDGFRα-immunopositive (PDGFRα-ip) cells were observed in the musculature in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Although PDGFRα-ip cells were distinct from ICC and neurons, these cells were closely associated with intramuscular ICC and enteric nerve fibers. In the myenteric layer, PDGFRα-ip cells formed a cellular network with their ramified processes and encompassed myenteric ganglia. Numerous PDGFRα-ip cells were observed in the subserosal plane and showed a multipolar shape. The distribution pattern of the PDGFRα-ip cells in the ICC-deficient W v /W v mutant mice was the same as that in normal mice. PDGFRα-ip cells that showed intense immunoreactivity of SK3 potassium ch... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2268239 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 09:58:22 +0100 2268239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2268227&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff462p84278p14142%2F Abstract  Tendons and ligaments are often affected by mechanical injuries or chronic impairment but other than muscle or bone they possess a low healing capacity. So far, little is known about regeneration of tendons and the role of tendon precursor cells in that process. We hypothesize that perivascular cells of tendon capillaries are progenitors for functional tendon cells and are characterized by expression of marker genes and proteins typical for mesenchymal stem cells and functional tendon cells. Immunohistochemical characterization of biopsies derived from intact human supraspinatus tendons was performed. From these biopsies perivascular cells were isolated, cultured, and characterized using RT-PCR and Western blotting. We have shown for the first time that perivascul... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2268227 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 09:58:22 +0100 2268227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2249448&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa416763545563k86%2F In conclusion, juvenile polyps have gastric transdifferentiation associated with downregulation of CDX2 and SMAD4, lending support to the role of the BMP/SMAD pathway in CDX2 regulation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0579-zAuthors Rita Barros, IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias si/na 4200 Porto PortugalNuno Mendes, IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias si/na 4200 Porto PortugalJames R. Howe, University of Iowa College of Medicine Department of Surgery Iowa City USACelso A. Reis, IPATIMUP, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias si/na 4200 Porto PortugalCarme... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2249448 Fri, 06 Mar 2009 09:46:08 +0100 2249448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2233953&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe3t2q7h561m08251%2F Abstract  The cellular organization of normal mouse liver was studied using light and electron microscopy and quantitative immunocytochemical techniques. The general histological organization of the mouse liver is similar to livers of other mammalian species, with a lobular organization based on the distributions of portal areas and central venules. The parenchymal hepatocytes were detected with immunocytochemical techniques to recognize albumin or biotin containing cells. The macrophage Kupffer cells were identified with F4-80 immunocytochemistry, Ito stellate cells were identified with GFAP immunocytochemistry, and endothelial cells were labeled with the CD-34 antibody. Kupffer cells were labeled with intravascularly administered fluorescently labeled latex microspheres o... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2233953 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 10:52:28 +0100 2233953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223093&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F72565t1g26788786%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory EditorialDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0574-4Authors Michael Schrader, University of Aveiro Centre for Cell Biology and Department of Biology 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal Journal Histochemistry and Cell BiologyOnline ISSN 1432-119XPrint ISSN 0948-6143 (Source: Histochemistry and Cell Biology) Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223093 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:34:29 +0100 2223093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223094&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx215073728276700%2F Abstract  Claudins constitute tight junction (TJ) strands. In order to examine the function of the second extracellular loop (ECL2), we constructed 1CLΔFY and 1CLΔPL in which highly conserved amino acids, FY or PL, in the ECL2 of mouse claudin-1 were deleted. They were then tagged with either EGFP at the NH2-terminus (EGFP1CLΔFY and EGFP1CLΔPL) or the myc-epitope at the COOH-terminus (1CLΔFYmyc and 1CLΔPLmyc). The expression of EGFP1CLΔFY and EGFP1CLΔPL in TJ-free HEK293 cells formed TJ strands resembling those formed by wild-type claudin-1. The expression of 1CLΔPLmyc in TJ-bearing MDCK II cells induced aberrant TJ strands in the lateral plasma membranes whose intramembranous particles were almost equally distributed in the P- and E-face. In contrast, 1CLΔFYmyc fo... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223094 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:34:28 +0100 2223094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223095&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm326197650r66126%2F Abstract  Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is an acute-phase protein involved in the host’s response to endotoxin and mainly synthesized and secreted to the blood by the liver. But in addition, LBP is also made by extrahepatic cells, including the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2. To study in closer detail the synthesis and storage of LBP in the intestinal mucosal epithelium, we performed an immunolocalization of LBP in mouse small intestine. By immunofluorescence microscopy, an antibody recognizing the 58–60 kDa protein of LBP distinctly labeled a small population of cells located deep into the crypts. This cell population was also positive for lysozyme and α-defensin 4, identifying Paneth cells as the main intestinal LBP-producing cells. By immunog... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223095 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:34:24 +0100 2223095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223096&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F555236x6773385qj%2F Abstract  Visualising vascular endothelial cell function in individual blood microvessels allows elucidation of molecular interactions at the vascular wall, the first barrier between blood-borne therapeutic agent and its target. Functional analysis in situ requires sub-micrometer spatial resolution and tagged molecules generating contrast in living blood vessels. Light microscopy fulfills these requirements, particularly if fluorescent tags deliver the contrast. However, vascular arborisations in living organs defy morpho-functional analysis, filling tissues with closely meshed three-dimensional networks which are inaccessible to optical imaging. We protocol here successful morpho-functional analysis of microvascular processing in a living organ, the human placental cotyled... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223096 Thu, 26 Feb 2009 10:34:23 +0100 2223096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223097&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe871q4k667j193x7%2F Abstract  Mast cells are immune cells that produce and secrete a variety of mediators and cytokines that influence various inflammatory and immune processes. Leptin is a cytokine regulating metabolic, endocrine as well as immune functions via the leptin receptor which is expressed by many immune cells. However, there are no data about leptin receptor expression in mast cells. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent double stainings showed the expression of leptin and leptin receptors in mast cells in human skin and several parts of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Leptin was expressed in mast cells expressing the classification marker chymase, whereas a variable expression was observed in tryptase positive mast cells. For leptin receptors, the expre... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223097 Wed, 25 Feb 2009 10:34:44 +0100 2223097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2223098&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F621750v6789568tj%2F Abstract  In mouse testis, claudin-11 is responsible for the formation of specific parallel TJ strands of the blood–testis barrier (BTB). Concerning the human BTB, there is no information about the transmembrane TJ proteins. We recently demonstrated the loss of functional integrity of the BTB in testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN), associated with a dislocation of the peripheral TJ proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2. Here, we determined the expression and distribution of claudin-11 at the human BTB in seminiferous tubules with normal spermatogenesis (NSP) and TIN. Immunostaining of claudin-11 revealed intense signals at the basal BTB region in seminiferous epithelium with NSP. Within TIN tubules, claudin-11 immunostaining became diffuse and cytoplasmic. Double immunogold label... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2223098 Wed, 25 Feb 2009 10:34:40 +0100 2223098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205403&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu64753642454555w%2F Abstract  Peroxisomes are intimately involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, in the synthesis of ether lipids and of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as in the β-oxidation of bioactive and toxic lipid derivatives. Therefore, the metabolic pathways of this organelle might play an important role in pulmonary biology by protection of inner pulmonary surface epithelia against oxidative stress, induced by the high oxygen levels in the air and/or by regulation of the lipid homeostasis in pulmonary epithelia and the pulmonary surfactant film. In this article, original results on the distribution of peroxisomal marker proteins, involved in the biogenesis, ROS- and lipid-metabolism of this organelle in the bronchiolar epithelium and the alveolar region of the adul... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205403 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 06:51:45 +0100 2205403 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205402&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4p7780746468gn12%2F Abstract  Human laryngeal cartilages, especially thyroid cartilage, exhibit gender-specific ageing. In contrast to male thyroid cartilages, the ventral half of the female thyroid cartilage plate remains unmineralized until advanced age. In cartilage specimens from laryngectomies and autopsies, apoptosis was studied immunohistochemically and the oxidative mitochondrial enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) was localized histochemically. In addition, very fresh specimens from laryngectomies were fixed under addition of ruthenium hexamine trichloride or tannin to fixation solution to study cell organelles of chondrocytes by electron microscopic methods. In general, apoptotic chondrocytes decreased in thyroid cartilages of both genders... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205402 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 06:51:45 +0100 2205402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205401&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc221v43611273275%2F Abstract  Here we discuss the mechanisms for the degradation of excess peroxisomes in mammalian hepatocytes which include (a) autophagy, (b) the action of peroxisomal Lon protease and (c) the membrane disrupting effect of 15-lipoxygenase. A recent study using Atg7 conditional-knock-out mice revealed that 70–80% of excess peroxisomes are degraded by the autophagic process. The remaining 20–30% of excess peroxisomes is most probably degraded by the action of peroxisomal Lon protease. Finally, a selective disruption of the peroxisomal membrane has been shown to be mediated by 15-lipoxygenase activity which is followed by diffusion of matrix proteins into the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic proteolysis. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0564-6Aut... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205401 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 06:51:45 +0100 2205401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205404&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F183431n665185211%2F In this study, we investigated incisor development and growth in the mouse based on MAPK signaling. Moreover, heat-shock protein (Hsp)-25 is well known to be a useful marker of odontoblast differentiation. We used anisomycin (a protein-synthesis inhibitor that activates MAPKs) and U0126 (a MAPK inhibitor that blocks ERK1/2 phosphorylation) to examine the role of MAPKs in Hsp25 signaling in the development of the mouse incisor. We performed immunohistochemistry and in vitro culture using incisor tooth germ, and found that phospho-ERK (pERK), pMEK, and Hsp25 localized in developing incisor ameloblasts and anisomycin failed to produce incisor development. In addition, Western blotting results showed that anisomycin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, MEK, and Hsp25, and that some of ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205404 Thu, 19 Feb 2009 09:48:23 +0100 2205404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2205405&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0752k8h748425r28%2F Abstract  Parenchymal accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a hallmark pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. An emerging hypothesis is that blood-to-brain delivery of Aβ may increase with compromised blood–brain barrier integrity. In plasma, substantial Aβ is associated with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) secreted by the liver and intestine. Utilizing apolipoprotein B as an exclusive marker of hepatic and intestinal TRLs, here we show utilizing an highly sensitive 3-dimensional immuno-microscopy imaging technique, that in APP/PS1 amyloid transgenic mice, concomitant with substantially increased plasma Aβ, there is a significant colocalization of apolipoprotein B with cerebral amyloid plaque. The findings are consistent with the possibility that circulati... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2205405 Thu, 19 Feb 2009 09:48:21 +0100 2205405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2201075&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0v75rn316p66312%2F Abstract  There are abundant progenitor cells in the developing pancreas, but molecular markers for these cells are lacking. Octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4) is an important transcription factor for keeping the features of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. It’s well known that Oct4, as a totipotent stem cells marker, just is expressed in totipotent stem cells. In the present study, we collected ten human fetal pancreases, and found that Oct4 mRNA and protein were expressed in human fetal pancreas samples by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Using double-staining, we demonstrated that Oct4 was not co-expressed with Chromogranin A (a peptide expressed in endocrine cells), but partially co-expressed with Ngn3 (a transcrip... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2201075 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 08:50:42 +0100 2201075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2201077&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh0gj119123060r33%2F Abstract  Phagocytic leukocytes, when appropriately stimulated, display a respiratory burst in which they consume oxygen and produce superoxide anions. Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase system which is a multiprotein complex that is dissociated in quiescent cells and is assembled into the functional oxidase following stimulation of these cells. Also associated with the respiratory burst is the generation of other reactive oxygen species. The identity of components of the NADPH-oxidase system and their interactions are known in considerable molecular detail. Understanding of the regulation of superoxide production is less well known. This review also points out the important role of microscopy in complementing biochemical studies to understand better the ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2201077 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 08:50:41 +0100 2201077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2201076&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F26m273611376l504%2F Abstract  Oxidases generating and enzymes scavenging H2O2 predestine peroxisomes (PO) to a pivotal organelle in oxygen metabolism. Catalase, the classical marker enzyme of PO, exhibits both catalatic and peroxidatic activity. The latter is responsible for the staining with 3,3′-diamino-benzidine, which greatly facilitated the visualization of the organelle and promoted further studies on PO. d-Amino acid oxidase catalyzes with strict stereospecificity the oxidative deamination of d-amino acids. The oxidase is significantly more active in the kidney than in liver and more in periportal than pericentral rat hepatocytes. Peroxisomes in these tissues differ in their enzyme activity and protein concentration not only in adjacent cells but even within the same one. Moreover, the ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2201076 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 08:50:41 +0100 2201076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2191059&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyl25t4h27833551x%2F Abstract  The historical circumstances that led to the discovery of the 3,3′-diamino-benzidine (DAB) method for staining of peroxisomes 40 years ago are reviewed. In the course of studies on the uptake and absorption of horse radish peroxidase in mammalian liver, in sections incubated for detection of peroxidase activity in DAB, it was noted that peroxisomes also stained positively for peroxidase activity. Subsequently, it was revealed that the peroxidatic activity of catalase, which is abundantly present in peroxisomes, is responsible for that staining. This notion was confirmed in quantitative biochemical studies with crystalline beef liver catalase and in tracer studies using catalase as an ultrastructural tracer. The application of the DAB method led to the disco... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2191059 Sat, 14 Feb 2009 10:19:21 +0100 2191059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2191060&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp826w6211l47u275%2F Abstract  Peroxisomes and mitochondria are metabolically linked organelles, which are crucial to human health and development. The search for components involved in their dynamics and maintenance led to the interesting finding that mitochondria and peroxisomes share components of their division machinery. Recently, it became clear that this is a common strategy used by mammals, fungi and plants. Furthermore, a closer interrelationship between peroxisomes and mitochondria has been proposed, which might have an impact on functionality and disease conditions. Here, we briefly highlight the major findings, views and open questions concerning peroxisomal formation, division, and interrelationship with mitochondria. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ReviewDOI 10.1007/s00418-... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2191060 Sat, 14 Feb 2009 10:19:20 +0100 2191060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2188266&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2865737jl28l1412%2F Abstract  In molluscs, the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been linked to a variety of biological roles including gamete maturation and spawning. The possible involvement of 5-HT in abalone gamete release was demonstrated by a dose-dependent increase in Haliotis rubra gonad contractile bioactivity following 5-HT stimulation. Physiological functions associated with 5-HT, are mediated through binding to 5-HT receptors. A cDNA encoding a putative 5-HT receptor consisting of 359 amino acids was isolated from the tropical abalone H. asinina, termed 5-HT1 ha. The 5-HT1 ha shares G-protein-coupled receptor motifs with metazoan 5-HT receptors, including predicted transmembrane domains, active sites for protein kinase action, and N-linked glycosylation sites. However,... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2188266 Fri, 13 Feb 2009 08:14:04 +0100 2188266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2173455&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj0p26542g3775162%2F Abstract  Snail is a regulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and considered crucial to carcinoma metastasis, myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and fibroblast activation. To investigate the role of Snail in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), its immunohistochemical expression was analysed in 129 OSCC samples and correlated to nodal metastasis, histological grade, E-cadherin, and alpha smooth-muscle-actin (αSMA). The results were compared to findings in 23 basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Additionally, the influence of TGFβ1 and EGF on Snail, E-cadherin, vimentin, and αSMA expression was analysed in two OSCC cell lines. As a result, Snail-positive cells were mainly found in the stroma of the OSCC invasive front without statistically significant correlation t... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2173455 Sat, 07 Feb 2009 10:10:04 +0100 2173455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134902&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe0n1404281608nj2%2F In conclusion, this study indicates that the IMCL pool is heterogenous, as the majority but not all IMCL contain adipophilin. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-009-0558-4Authors Christopher S. Shaw, University of Birmingham Exercise Metabolism Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UKMark Sherlock, University of Birmingham School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UKPaul M. Stewart, University of Birmingham School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UKAnton J. M. Wagenmakers, University of Birmingham Exercise Metabolism Research Group, School of Sport and Exercis... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134902 Sat, 24 Jan 2009 12:39:27 +0100 2134902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2129319&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh643j87t6k63q0x2%2F Abstract  Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in mice or an excessive oral intake of adenine leads to the accumulation of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in renal tubules and that causes progressive renal dysfunction accompanied by interstitial fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism responsible for DHA-induced progressive fibrosis is not fully understood. The present study investigates the possible involvement of monocytes/macrophages in the progressive fibrosis induced by feeding adenine to mice. Urinary calculi were deposited in tubules on day 7 after the initiation of adenine feeding. Elevation of the serum creatinine level and loss of body weight were observed in a time-dependent manner, suggesting the development of typical renal dysfunction induced by the adenin... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2129319 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 09:05:37 +0100 2129319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2129320&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk576j31030294315%2F Abstract  The expression of type I collagen, the most component of dentin extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs) in odontoblast is correlated with the activity of dentin formation. Since odontoblast possesses a distinct cellular process for protein transport into the dentinal tubule, it is important to examine the intracellular protein localization. However, a study focusing on odontoblast processes has not been performed. Type I collagen is synthesized as procollagen, which is immediately converted to collagen upon secretion. After characterization of antiserum to rat type I procollagen, we investigated the intracellular localization of type I procollagen in odontoblasts during and after dentinogenesis, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The level of mRNA ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2129320 Wed, 21 Jan 2009 23:22:54 +0100 2129320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2112449&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5xwj5n40262r6440%2F Abstract  Basal activity and cellular localization of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was examined in mouse testis during postnatal development and spermatogenesis. Testes of ICR mice sampled on postnatal day (PND) 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 were analyzed using Western blotting. Basal CREB activity was significantly higher in early phase (PND 3–7) developing testes than in intermediate- and late-phase developing (PND 14–42) and adult testes (PND 49). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the change of CREB phosphorylation in various testicular cell types during postnatal development. In particular, CREB phosphorylation in seminiferous tubules of the adult testis varied according to the spermatogenic cycle, while phosphorylation was ev... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2112449 Fri, 16 Jan 2009 12:47:02 +0100 2112449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2112450&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5t03012752g75q4%2F Abstract  Thymic metallophilic macrophages represent a significant component in the thymus physiology. Recently, we showed their presence to be dependent on functional lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling pathway. However, it is unknown whether the development of metallophilic macrophages also requires the Autoimmune regulator (Aire) transcription factor, as suggested by some studies for medullary thymic epithelial cells, or perhaps the presence of Aire-expressing thymic epithelial cells themselves. Therefore, we investigated the presence of metallophilic macrophages in Aire-deficient thymus. Our study shows that the metallophilic macrophages are fully developed in the Aire-deficient thymus; their development is not regulated via Aire transcription factor and does not ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2112450 Fri, 16 Jan 2009 12:47:01 +0100 2112450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2087246&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff14503k244411n31%2F Abstract  Extracellular nucleotides might influence aspects of the biology of reproduction in that ATP affects smooth muscle contraction, participates in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, and also regulates transepithelial transport, as in oviducts. Activation of cellular nucleotide purinergic receptors is influenced by four plasma membrane-bound members of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) family, namely NTPDase1, NTPDase2, NTPDase3, and NTPDase8 that differ in their ecto-enzymatic properties. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression profile of the membrane-bound NTPDases in the murine female and male reproductive tracts by immunological techniques (immunolabelling, Western blotting) and by enzymatic assays, in situ and o... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2087246 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 16:16:23 +0100 2087246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2087245&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp551txu511416727%2F Abstract  Ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, functions as a potent antioxidant as well as in cell differentiation. Ascorbate is taken up by mammalian cells through the specific sodium/ascorbate co-transporters SVCT1 and SVCT2. Although skeletal muscle contains about 50% of the whole-body vitamin C, the expression of SVCT transporters has not been clearly addressed in this tissue. In this work, we analysed the expression pattern of SVCT2 during embryonic myogenesis using the chick as model system. We cloned the chick orthologue of SVCT2 (cSVCT2) that shares 93% identity with the mouse transporter. cSVCT2 mRNA and protein are expressed during chick embryonic muscle development. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that SVCT2 is preferentially expressed by type I slo... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2087245 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 16:16:23 +0100 2087245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2065577&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj4288860p6245132%2F Abstract  The integrin α6 subunit exists as two different variants, termed α6A and α6B. These two variants have been shown to harbor potentially distinct biochemical properties but little is known about their cellular function. The aim of this work was to characterize the expression of the integrin α6A and B variants in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation in the human small intestinal epithelium. The results showed distinct expression patterns for the two variants along the crypt–villus axis. Indeed, proliferative cells of the crypt were found to predominantly express α6A, while differentiated enterocytes and Paneth cells expressed the α6B variant. A similar relationship was observed in intestinal cell models by competitive RT-PCR. Further studies in ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2065577 Wed, 24 Dec 2008 08:51:29 +0100 2065577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2061606&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv7n71grg64n70786%2F Abstract  Comparing the vital DNA dyes Hoechst33342 and DAPI in their ability to visualise cell nuclei of the late rabbit blastocyst, both dyes were found to be equally suited despite differences in staining intensity in embryonic versus extraembryonic tissues and in nuclear versus cytoplasmic domains at the subcellular level: Both dyes stain all nuclei of a given cell layer (e.g. epiblast or hypoblast) evenly and provide satisfactory fluorescence contrast throughout the blastocyst, while not interfering with normal development up to 10 h in vitro. Using short period (60–300 min) irradiation experiments with either dye, single-photon (405 nm) and multi-photon (800 nm) laser excitation was compared in different areas of the same embryo and parameters of ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2061606 Sun, 21 Dec 2008 08:18:08 +0100 2061606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056375&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk4h0535180327068%2F Abstract  Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), the plasticizer employed in the fabrication of polyvinyl chloride, is known to be released by many medical devices, namely endotracheal tubes currently utilised for pulmonary ventilation of pre-term newborns. When experimentally administered, especially to rodents, the phthalate reportedly causes alterations to several tissues, immature animals being even more responsive targets than adult ones. In the present research, female rats were fed with DEHP in the last week of pregnancy and after delivery, and lung of their pups was morphologically and immunohistochemically analysed. We detected significant alveolar simplification (larger but fewer alveoli with decreased septation), with consequent sensible reduction of gas-exchange su... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056375 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 08:15:23 +0100 2056375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056374&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4hp646053j96010x%2F Abstract  Impaired trophic support of motor neurons appears to be an important pathogenic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the mRNA expression of the pluripotent fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and its receptors in post mortem spinal cord of ALS and control patients. FGF-2 and FGF receptor (FGFR) 1 and 2 transcripts were first studied in the spinal cord using RT-PCR. The cellular distribution of FGF-2 and FGFR mRNA in the spinal cord, motor cortex and brain stem was then assessed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. RT-PCR revealed the presence of FGF-2 and FGF receptor 1 and 2 transcripts with no obvious differences between ALS and control spinal cord. Comparing mRNA expression in the motoneuron-containing ventral horn with the clinical... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056374 Fri, 19 Dec 2008 08:15:23 +0100 2056374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047691&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F82598150wq202109%2F Abstract  The polarization of hepatocytes involves formation of functionally distinct sinusoidal (basolateral) and bile canalicular (apical) plasma membrane domains that are separated by tight junctions. Although various molecular mechanisms and signaling cascades including polarity complex proteins may contribute to bile canalicular formation in hepatocytes, the role of tight junction proteins in bile canalicular formation remains unclear. To investigate the role of the integral tight junction protein claudin-2 in bile canalicular formation, we depleted claudin-2 expression by siRNA in the polarized hepatic cell line WIF-B9 after treatment with or without phenobarbital. When WIF-B9 cells were treated with phenobarbital, claudin-2 expression and tight junction strands were ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047691 Tue, 16 Dec 2008 07:56:39 +0100 2047691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018156&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn749l8u222h11420%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00418-008-0545-1Authors Takehiko Koji, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Department of Histology and Cell Biology 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 JapanShiho Kondo, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Department of Histology and Cell Biology 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 JapanYoshitaka Hishikawa, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Department of Histology and Cell Biology 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 JapanShucai An, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Department of Histology and Cell Biology 1-12-4 Sakamoto Nagasaki 852-8523 JapanYoko Sato, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Department of Histology and C... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018156 Fri, 05 Dec 2008 09:17:57 +0100 2018156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018157&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff22178651v75494p%2F In conclusion, we therefore propose to use CRBP-1 and/or vinculin to stain HSCs in human liver tissues. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s00418-008-0544-2Authors Elke Van Rossen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Jette BelgiumSara Vander Borght, University of Leuven Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology Leuven BelgiumLeo Adrianus van Grunsven, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Jette BelgiumHendrik Reynaert, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Jette BelgiumVeerle Bruggeman, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Division Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, Department of Biosystems Leuven BelgiumRune Blo... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018157 Thu, 04 Dec 2008 07:10:03 +0100 2018157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011579&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj53432ll32787264%2F Abstract  Lipid deposits can injury the kidney of diabetic patients and models. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) is transcription factor regulating the synthesis of fatty acid and triglyceride. At present whether the expression of SREBP-1 makes some effects on the lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney is not still clear completely. The purpose of our in vivo and in vitro study is to investigate the relationship between the expression of SREBP-1 and lipid abnormal metabolism in the type 1 diabetic rats and explore to inhibit SREBP-1 gene expression by RNA interfere in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells line (HKC cells). The animal experiment showed that triglyceride and SREBP-1 were up-regulated in proximal tubule of diabetic rats’ kidney, w... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011579 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 07:32:18 +0100 2011579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2011580&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F20156t21p016vv61%2F Abstract  Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are essential for the transport of lactate, ketone bodies, and other monocarboxylates through the plasma membrane, but the direction and substrates of transporting in loco remain unclear. The present study examined the expression and subcellular localization of MCTs in lipogenic organs. An in situ hybridization survey of major MCT subtypes detected an intense expression of MCT1 mRNA in the mammary gland, Harderian gland, and sebaceous gland. The MCT1 immunoreactivity was found baso-laterally in acinar cells of the mammary and Harderian glands. Alveolar cells of sebaceous glands in the skin, eyelids, and penis contained the membrane-associated MCT1 immunoreactivity along the entire length of the cell surface at the... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2011580 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 07:32:17 +0100 2011580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1999355&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj02800235wr76145%2F We report for the first time the presence of tropomyosin and p190RhoGAP in the cell nucleus, and the spatial colocalization of actin with spectrin, paxillin, and α-actinin in the nucleolus. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Short CommunicationDOI 10.1007/s00418-008-0539-zAuthors Hana Dingová, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech RepublicJana Fukalová, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech RepublicMiloslava Maninová, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech RepublicVlada V. Philimonenko, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1999355 Fri, 28 Nov 2008 14:03:17 +0100 1999355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1996833&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg539721481850405%2F Abstract  Vasculogenesis in embryonic hearts proceeds by formation of aggregates consisting of erythroblasts and endothelial cells. These aggregates are called blood-islands or blood-island-like structures. We aimed to characterize blood islands in mouse embryonic hearts at stages spanning from 11 dpc through 13 dpc, i.e. prior to the establishment of the coronary circulation. Our observations suggested that there are two types of blood islands. One formed by migrating nucleated erythroblasts, which associated with migrating endothelial cell and the second by in situ emergence of two kinds of cells belonging to separate populations: one resembling an erythroblast progenitor and the second resembling an endothelial-cell progenitor. The subepicardial blood islands c... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1996833 Thu, 27 Nov 2008 09:20:59 +0100 1996833 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1996834&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fxr78g73617181033%2F Abstract  We observed immunostaining for vitamin D binding protein (DBP) in rat hypothalamus. Part of the supraoptic and of the paraventricular neurons showed DBP immunoreactivity, in part colocalized with Arg-vasopressin. DBP was also observed in widespread axonal projections throughout the lateral hypothalamus, the median eminence and the posterior pituitary lobe. A portion of ependymal cells, the choroids plexus epithelium and some of the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary lobe contained DBP immunoreactivity. In situ hybridization of semithin sections with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe to DBP mRNA resulted in staining of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons, but not of ependymal cells or anterior lobe cells. Our observations indicate an intrinsic expression of D... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1996834 Wed, 26 Nov 2008 19:59:48 +0100 1996834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1985264&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F15g624kn84778k82%2F Abstract  Myocardial fibrosis is an integral component of most cardiac pathologic conditions and contributes to the development of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Because of the availability of genetically manipulated animals, mouse models are essential for understanding the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, we characterized the inflammatory and fibrotic response in a mouse model of cardiac pressure overload due to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Following TAC, mouse hearts exhibited induction of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, associated with macrophage, but not neutrophil, infiltration. Induction of inflammatory cytokines was followed by a late upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms, ac... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1985264 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:47:00 +0100 1985264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1964353&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc412459656107n4u%2F We describe how the ECM directs mammary gland formation and function, and discuss how a cell’s inability to interpret these signals—whether as a result of genetic insults or physicochemical alterations in the ECM—disorganizes the gland and promotes malignancy. By restoring context and forcing cells to properly interpret these native signals, aberrant behavior can be quelled and organization re-established. Traditional imaging approaches have been a key complement to the standard biochemical, molecular, and cell biology approaches used in these studies. Utilizing imaging modalities with enhanced spatial resolution in live tissues may uncover additional means by which the ECM regulates tissue structure, on different length scales, through its pericellular organization (short-scal... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1964353 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:19 +0100 1964353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1964354&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu6135q76k120x500%2F Abstract  Photosensitization of tumor cells after incubation with Rose Bengal acetate (RB-Ac) induces multiple organelle photodamage followed by apoptotic cell death. We used immunocytochemical techniques in multicolor fluorescence microscopy to elucidate whether this occurs through the simultaneous activation of different apoptotic pathways, in HeLa cells. We detected in situ the activated forms of caspases 9 and 3, and the translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus of the apoptosis inducing factor; DNA electrophoretic techniques were also used to assess the occurrence of nuclear DNA cleavage into either high- or low-molecular-weight fragments. Both the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways are activated. The genomic DNA is degraded into high... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1964354 Fri, 14 Nov 2008 08:00:14 +0100 1964354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1961287&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk600u2200623h461%2F Abstract  Since their introduction almost a century ago, chick embryo model systems involving the technique of chorioallantoic grafting have proved invaluable in the in vivo studies of tumor development and angiogenesis and tumor cell dissemination. The ability of the chick embryo’s chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to efficiently support the growth of inoculated xenogenic tumor cells greatly facilitates analysis of human tumor cell metastasis. During spontaneous metastasis, the highly vascularized CAM sustains rapid tumor formation within several days following cell grafting. The dense capillary network of the CAM also serves as a repository of aggressive tumor cells that escaped from the primary tumor and intravasated into the host vasculature. This spontaneous metastasis ... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1961287 Thu, 13 Nov 2008 15:45:16 +0100 1961287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1961288&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F84x2n3n04q406q22%2F Abstract  Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by airway obstruction and hyper-responsiveness. Asthmatic inflammation is characterized by the expression of multiple genes for inflammatory mediators. Glycodelin is a glycoprotein with several functions in cell recognition and differentiation. There is substantial evidence that glycodelin may be a mediator for immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive effects on several human tissues. To determine the potential role of glycodelin in the pulmonary immune response, we examined the distribution of the glycodelin mRNA and protein in an experimental rat model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. The experimental model developed an airway response to inhaled nebulized ovalbumin in adult rats. Two groups of rats (ova... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1961288 Wed, 12 Nov 2008 22:21:42 +0100 1961288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1955525&cid=s_35968_61_f&fid=35968&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj877u676x1885u6h%2F We report here studies on the localization of obscurin and ank1.5 in embryonic and postnatal rodent skeletal muscles. Using two antibodies against epitopes in the N- and C-terminus of obscurin, two distinct patterns of localization were observed. Before birth, the antibodies against the N- and the C-terminus of obscurin stained the Z-disk and M-band, respectively. At the same time, ank1.5 was detected at the Z-disk, rising the possibility that obscurin molecules at M-band may not be able to interact with ank1.5. Localization of ank1.5 at Z-disks in E14 muscle fibers revealed that ank1.5 is among the earliest SR proteins to assemble, since its organization preceded that of other SR proteins, like SERCA and RyR. After birth, the antibody against the N-terminus of obscurin stained the M... Histochemistry and Cell Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1955525 Tue, 11 Nov 2008 07:58:41 +0100 1955525