MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 07:42:48 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645073&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6138608 This page or pages intentionally left blank. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645073 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645072&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6138610 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645072 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645071&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6019024 Many decades ago, Wilfrid Rall and others laid the foundations for mathematical modeling of dendrites using cable theory. With reconfigurable analog architectures, we are now able to accurately program different circuit architectures to emulate dendrites. Our work has shown that these circuits accurately reproduce results predicted from cable theory when inputs to the system are small. For large inputs, interesting nonlinear effects begin to take hold. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645071 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645070&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D5951803 This paper introduces the use of the concept of small-signal analysis, commonly used in circuit design, for understanding neural models. We show that neural models, varying in complexity from Hodgkin–Huxley to integrate and fire have similar small-signal models when their corresponding differential equations are close to the same bifurcation with respect to input current. Three applications of small-signal neural models are shown. First, some of the properties of cortical neurons described by Izhikevich are explained intuitively through small-signal analysis. Second, we use small-signal models for deriving parameters for a simple neural model (such as resonate and fire) from a more complicated but biophysically relevant one like Morris–Lecar. We show similarity in the subthre... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645070 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645069&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D5942182 Onboard assessment of photoplethysmogram (PPG) quality could reduce unnecessary data transmission on battery-powered wireless pulse oximeters and improve the viability of the electronic patient records to which these data are stored. These algorithms show promise to increase the intelligence level of former “dumb” medical devices: devices that acquire and forward data but leave data interpretation to the clinician or host system. To this end, the authors have developed a unique onboard feature detection algorithm to assess the quality of PPGs acquired with a custom reflectance mode, wireless pulse oximeter. The algorithm uses a Bayesian hypothesis testing method to analyze four features extracted from raw and decimated PPG data in order to determine whether the original data ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645069 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645068&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6026927 We report the development of an Electronic Patch for wearable health monitoring. The Electronic Patch is a new health monitoring system incorporating biomedical sensors, microelectronics, radio frequency (RF) communication, and a battery embedded in a 3-dimensional hydrocolloid polymer. In this paper the Electronic Patch is demonstrated with a new optical biomedical sensor for reflectance pulse oximetry so that the Electronic Patch in this case can measure the pulse and the oxygen saturation. The reflectance pulse oximetry solution is based on a recently developed annular backside silicon photodiode to enable low power consumption by the light emitting components. The Electronic Patch has a disposable part of soft adhesive hydrocolloid polymer and a reusable part of hard polylaurinlactam. ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645068 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645067&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D5961658 A new dual current-mode controller produces a fast, accurate constant-power high-frequency ac output, with maximum current and voltage limits for an electrosurgical generator. The regulation of ac output power is achieved with near-deadbeat control, without measurement or feedback of the output voltage or current. Compared to existing technology, the prototype generator reduces unintended tissue damage by significantly improving regulation of output power, while reducing complexity and parts count. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645067 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645066&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D5999736 Inductive coupling is presented with the help of a high-efficiency Class-E power amplifier for an implantable cardiac microstimulator. The external coil inductively transmits power and data with a carrier frequency of 256 kHz into the internal coil of electronic devices inside the body. The detected cardiac signal is fed back to the external device with the same pair of coils to save on space in the telemetry device. To maintain the power reliability of the microstimulator for long-term use, two small rechargeable batteries are employed to supply voltage to the internal circuits. The power management unit, which includes radio frequency front-end circuits with battery charging and detection functions, is used for the supply control. For cardiac stimulation, a high-efficiency charge pump is... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645066 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645065&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D5936651 This paper presents a flow that is suitable to estimate energy dissipation of digital standard-cell based designs which are determined to operate in the subthreshold regime. The flow is applicable on gate-level netlists, where back-annotated toggle information is used to find the minimum energy operation point, corresponding maximum clock frequency, as well as the dissipated energy per clock cycle. The application of the model is demonstrated by exploring the energy efficiency of pipelining, retiming, and register balancing. Simulation results, which are obtained during a fraction of SPICE simulation time, are validated by measurements on a wavelet-based cardiac event detector that was fabricated in 65-nm low-leakage high-threshold technology. The mean of the absolute modeling error is cal... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645065 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645064&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6036003 In this paper, we present a novel energy-efficient electrode stimulator. Our stimulator uses inductive storage and recycling of energy in a dynamic power supply. This supply drives an electrode in an adiabatic fashion such that energy consumption is minimized. It also utilizes a shunt current-sensor to monitor and regulate the current through the electrode via feedback, thus enabling flexible and safe stimulation. Since there are no explicit current sources or current limiters, wasteful energy dissipation across such elements is naturally avoided. The dynamic power supply allows efficient transfer of energy both to and from the electrode and is based on a DC-DC converter topology that we use in a bidirectional fashion in forward-buck or reverse-boost modes. In an exemplary electrode implem... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645064 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645063&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6138609 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645063 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5645062&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6138606%26arnumber%3D6138607 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5645062 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5645062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626119&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111560 This page or pages intentionally left blank. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626119 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5626119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5626118&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6129931 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5626118 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5626118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5605626&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6126881%26arnumber%3D6111559 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5605626 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5605626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570422&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111560 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570422 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570421&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111548 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570421 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570420&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111549 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570420 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570419&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111562 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570419 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570418&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6012491 We report the design of an ultra-low-power 32-channel neural-recording integrated circuit (chip) in a 0.18 $mu$ m CMOS technology. The chip consists of eight neural recording modules where each module contains four neural amplifiers, an analog multiplexer, an A/D converter, and a serial programming interface. Each amplifier can be programmed to record either spikes or LFPs with a programmable gain from 49–66 dB. To minimize the total power consumption, an adaptive-biasing scheme is utilized to adjust each amplifier's input-referred noise to suit the background noise at the recording site. The amplifier's input-referred noise can be adjusted from 11.2 $mu {rm V}_{rm rms}$ (total power of 5.4 $mu$W) down to 5.4 $mu {rm V}_{rm rms}$ (total power of 20 $mu$W) in the spike-recording sett... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570418 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570417&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D5951804 Inductive power transmission is widely used to energize implantable microelectronic devices (IMDs), recharge batteries, and energy harvesters. Power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to the load (PDL) are two key parameters in wireless links, which affect the energy source specifications, heat dissipation, power transmission range, and interference with other devices. To improve the PTE, a 4-coil inductive link has been recently proposed. Through a comprehensive circuit-based analysis that can guide a design and optimization scheme, we have shown that despite achieving high PTE at larger coil separations, the 4-coil inductive links fail to achieve a high PDL. Instead, we have proposed a 3-coil inductive power transfer link with comparable PTE over its 4-coil counterpart at larg... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570417 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570416&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D5929491 A novel implantable low-power integrated circuit is proposed for real-time epileptic seizure detection. The presented chip is part of an epilepsy prosthesis device that triggers focal treatment to disrupt seizure progression. The proposed chip integrates a front-end preamplifier, voltage-level detectors, digital demodulators, and a high-frequency detector. The preamplifier uses a new chopper stabilizer topology that reduces instrumentation low-frequency and ripple noises by modulating the signal in the analog domain and demodulating it in the digital domain. Moreover, each voltage-level detector consists of an ultra-low-power comparator with an adjustable threshold voltage. The digitally integrated high-frequency detector is tunable to recognize the high-frequency activities for the unique... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570416 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570415&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6078440 This paper presents an active electrode system for gel-free biopotential EEG signal acquisition. The system consists of front-end chopper amplifiers and a back-end common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit. The front-end AC-coupled chopper amplifier employs input impedance boosting and digitally-assisted offset trimming. The former increases the input impedance of the active electrode to $2~{rm G}Omega$ at 1 Hz and the latter limits the chopping induced output ripple and residual offset to 2 mV and 20 mV, respectively. Thanks to chopper stabilization, the active electrode achieves $0.8~mu {rm Vrms}~(0.5-100~{rm Hz})$ input referred noise. The use of a back-end CMFB circuit further improves the CMRR of the active electrode readout to 82 dB at 50 Hz. Both front-end and back-end circuits are implem... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570415 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570414&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6104198 This paper presents a voltage-scalable digital signal processing system designed for the use in a wireless sensor node (WSN) for ambulatory monitoring of biomedical signals. To fulfill the requirements of ambulatory monitoring, power consumption, which directly translates to the WSN battery lifetime and size, must be kept as low as possible. The proposed processing platform is an event-driven system with resources to run applications with different degrees of complexity in an energy-aware way. The architecture uses effective system partitioning to enable duty cycling, single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instructions, power gating, voltage scaling, multiple clock domains, multiple voltage domains, and extensive clock gating. It provides an alternative processing platform where the power... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570414 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570413&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6068257 A CMOS image sensor capable of imaging and energy harvesting on same focal plane is presented for retinal prosthesis. The energy harvesting and imaging (EHI) active pixel sensor (APS) imager was designed, fabricated, and tested in a standard 0.5 $mu{rm m}$ CMOS process. It has 54 $,times,$50 array of 21 $,times,$21 $mu{rm m}^{2}$ EHI pixels, 10-bit supply boosted (SB) SAR ADC, and charge pump circuits consuming only 14.25 $mu{rm W}$ from 1.2 V and running at 7.4 frames per second. The supply boosting technique (SBT) is used in an analog signal chain of the EHI imager. Harvested solar energy on focal plane is stored on an off-chip capacitor with the help of a charge pump circuit with better than 70% efficiency. Energy harvesting efficiency of the EHI pixel was measured at different light le... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570413 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570412&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6105586 This paper describes an ultra-low power (ULP) single chip transceiver for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. It supports on-off keying (OOK) modulation, and it operates in the 2.36–2.4 GHz medical BAN and 2.4–2.485 GHz ISM bands. It is implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The direct modulated transmitter transmits OOK signal with 0 dBm peak power, and it consumes 2.59 mW with 50% OOK. The transmitter front-end supports up to 10 Mbps. The transmitter digital baseband enables digital pulse-shaping to improve spectrum efficiency. The super-regenerative receiver front-end supports up to 5 Mbps with $-75~{rm dBm}$ sensitivity. Including the digital part, the receiver consumes 715 $mu {rm W}$ at 1 Mbps data rate, oversampled at 3 MHz. At the system level the transceiv... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570412 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570411&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6101569 A low-power, wireless, and implantable microstimulator system on chip with smart powering management, immediate neural signal acquisition, and wireless rechargeable system is proposed. A system controller with parity checking handles the adjustable stimulus parameters for the stimulated objective. In the current paper, the rat's intra-cardiac electrogram is employed as the stimulated model in the animal study, and it is sensed by a low-voltage and low-power monitoring analog front end. The power management unit, which includes a rectifier, battery charging and detection, and a regulator, is used for the power control of the internal circuits. The stimulation data and required clock are extracted by a phase-locked-loop-based phase shift keying demodulator from an inductive AC signal. The fu... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570411 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570410&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6104396 An ultra wideband (UWB) system-on-chip radar sensor for respiratory rate monitoring has been realized in 90 nm CMOS technology and characterized experimentally. The radar testchip has been applied to the contactless detection of the respiration activity of adult and baby. The field operational tests demonstrate that the UWB radar sensor detects the respiratory rate of person under test (adult and baby) associated with sub-centimeter chest movements, allowing the continuous-time non-invasive monitoring of hospital patients and other people at risk of obstructive apneas such as babies in cot beds, or other respiratory diseases. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570410 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570409&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111550 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570409 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570408&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111561 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570408 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570407&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6111547%26arnumber%3D6111559 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570407 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5570407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5378222&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5871702 This paper presents a new low-power compact CMOS active pixel circuit specifically optimized for full-field digital mammography. The proposed digital pixel sensor (DPS) architecture includes self-bias capability at ${pm}$10% accuracy, up to 15 nA of dark-current autocalibration, built-in test mechanisms, selectable ${rm e}^-/{rm h}^+$ collection, 10-b lossless charge-integration analog–to-digital conversion, more than 1 decade of individual gain tuning for fixed pattern noise cancellation, and a 50-Mb/s digital-only input/output interface. Experimental results for a 70-$mu$m pitch 8-$mu$W DPS cell example are reported in 0.18-$mu$ m CMOS 1-polySi 6-metal technology. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5378222 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5378222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344923&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058688 This page or pages intentionally left blank. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344923 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344922&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058666 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344922 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344921&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058667 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344921 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344920&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058690 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344920 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344919&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5929492 A prototype of a one-time-implantable spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system using wireless power and data-transmission techniques is presented in this paper. The power of the implant is induced by wireless coil coupling, and duplex amplitude-shift keying-load-shift keying wireless communication is used so that digital packets can be transmitted by the same inductive link. The proposed novel ASK demodulator attains high demodulation performance and small area without using any resistors and capacitors. The proposed SCS system utilizes many power saving schemes to reduce power dissipation (e.g., dual supply voltages on-chip, high-voltage impulse generation using small current, etc.). Meanwhile, the excess energy induced by the coils is stored in a rechargeable battery to extend the implant's ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344919 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344918&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5871702 This paper presents a new low-power compact CMOS active pixel circuit specifically optimized for full-field digital mammography. The proposed digital pixel sensor (DPS) architecture includes self-bias capability at ${pm}$10% accuracy, up to 15 nA of dark-current autocalibration, built-in test mechanisms, selectable ${rm e}^-/{rm h}^+$ collection, 10-b lossless charge-integration analog–to-digital conversion, more than 1 decade of individual gain tuning for fixed pattern noise cancellation, and a 50-Mb/s digital-only input/output interface. Experimental results for a 70-$mu$m pitch 8-$mu$W DPS cell example are reported in 0.18-$mu$ m CMOS 1-polySi 6-metal technology. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344918 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344917&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5783314 This study examines this interaction in depth with theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Actively biased photoconductive and passive photovoltaic circuits are investigated, with the photovoltaic circuits consisting of one or more diodes connected in series, and the photoconductive circuits consisting of a single diode in series with a pulsed bias voltage. Circuit behavior and charge injection levels were markedly different for platinum and sputtered iridium–oxide film (SIROF) electrodes. Photovoltaic circuits were able to deliver 0.038 mC/cm$^{2}$ (0.75 nC/phase) per photodiode with 50- $mu$m platinum electrodes, and 0.54-mC/cm$^{2}$ (11 nC/phase) per photodiode with 50-$mu$ m SIROF electrodes driven with 0.5-ms pulses of light at 25 Hz. The same pulses applied to ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344917 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344916&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5740962 This paper illustrates an architectural design of a novel variable input-feature correlated asynchronous sampling and time-encoded digitization approach for source compression and direct feature extraction from physiological signals. The complete architecture represents an analog-to-information (A2I) converter, designed for ultra-low-power mixed-signal very-large-scale integrated implementation. The device will be suitable for long-term wearable monitoring of physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram (ECG). We show representative case studies on QRS detection in an ECG signal utilizing the proposed A2I converter to prove the functionality of the design. Simulation results show large source compression in the ECG signal and more than 98% efficiency in the detection of the Q, R, and S... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344916 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344915&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5738700 We present a 132 $times$ 124 high sensitivity imager array with a 20.1-$mu$ m pixel pitch fabricated in a standard 0.5- $mu$m CMOS process. The chip incorporates n-well/p-sub photodiodes, capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA)-based in-pixel amplification, pixel scanners, and delta differencing circuits. The 5-transistor all-nMOS pixel interfaces with peripheral pMOS transistors for column-parallel CTIA. At 70 frames/s, the array has a minimum detectable signal of 4 nW/cm$^{2}$ at a wavelength of 450 nm while consuming 718 $mu$A from a 3.3-V supply. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was 44 dB at an incident intensity of 1 $mu{hbox {W/cm}}^{2}$. Implementing 4 $times$ 4 binning allowed the frame rate to be increased to 675 frames/s. Alternately, sensitivity could be increased to dete... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344915 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344914&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6046102 An integrated CMOS amperometric instrument with on-chip electrodes and packaging for biosensor arrays is presented. The mixed-signal integrated circuit supports a variety of electrochemical measurement techniques including linear sweep, constant potential, cyclic and pulse voltammetry. Implemented in $0.5~mu{rm m}$ CMOS, the $3 times 3~{rm mm}^{2}$ chip dissipates 22.5 mW for a 200 kHz clock. The highly programmable chip provides a wide range of user-controlled stimulus rate and amplitude settings with a maximum scan range of 2 V and scan rates between 1 mV/sec and 400 V/sec. The amperometric readout circuit provides $pm 500~f{rm A}$ linear resolution and supports inputs up to $pm 47~mu {rm A}$. A 2$,times ,$2 gold electrode array was fabricated on the surface of the CMOS instrumentation c... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344914 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344913&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6046232 A low-power VLSI processor architecture that computes in real time the magnitude and phase-synchronization of two input neural signals is presented. The processor is a part of an envisioned closed-loop implantable microsystem for adaptive neural stimulation. The architecture uses three CORDIC processing cores that require shift-and-add operations but no multiplication. The 10-bit processor synthesized and prototyped in a standard 1.2 V 0.13 $mu{rm m}$ CMOS technology utilizes 41,000 logic gates. It dissipates 3.6 $mu{rm W}$ per input pair, and provides 1.7 kS/s per-channel throughput when clocked at 2.5 MHz. The power scales linearly with the number of input channels or the sampling rate. The efficacy of the processor in early epileptic seizure detection is validated on human intracranial ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344913 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344912&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6044731 We study a range of neural dynamics under variations in biophysical parameters underlying extended Morris–Lecar and Hodgkin–Huxley models in three gating variables. The extended models are implemented in NeuroDyn, a four neuron, twelve synapse continuous-time analog VLSI programmable neural emulation platform with generalized channel kinetics and biophysical membrane dynamics. The dynamics exhibit a wide range of time scales extending beyond 100 ms neglected in typical silicon models of tonic spiking neurons. Circuit simulations and measurements show transition from tonic spiking to tonic bursting dynamics through variation of a single conductance parameter governing calcium recovery. We similarly demonstrate transition from graded to all-or-none neural excitability in the on... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344912 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344911&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6006553 Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is a phenomenon observed in neural systems which occurs when the spike count elicited in a single neuron decreases with repetitions of the same stimulus, and recovers when a different stimulus is presented. SSA therefore effectively highlights rare events in stimulus sequences, and suppresses responses to repetitive ones. In this paper we present a model of SSA based on synaptic depression and describe its implementation in neuromorphic analog very-large-scale integration (VLSI). The hardware system is evaluated using biologically realistic spike trains with parameters chosen to reflect those of the stimuli used in physiological experiments. We examine the effect of input parameters and stimulus history upon SSA and show that the trends apparent in the re... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344911 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344910&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D5999737 This paper presents multi-electrode arrays for in vivo neural recording applications incorporating the principle of electronic depth control (EDC), i.e., the electronic selection of recording sites along slender probe shafts independently for multiple channels. Two-dimensional (2D) arrays were realized using a commercial 0.5- $mu{rm m}$ complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process for the EDC circuits combined with post-CMOS micromachining to pattern the comb-like probes and the corresponding electrode metallization. A dedicated CMOS integrated front-end circuit was developed for pre-amplification and multiplexing of the neural signals recorded using these probes. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344910 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344909&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058668 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344909 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344908&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058689 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344908 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5344907&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D6058665%26arnumber%3D6058687 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5344907 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5344907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181059&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961786 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181059 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181059 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181058&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961789 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181058 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181057&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961790 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181057 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181056&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961788 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181056 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181055&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5750066 The study of stability is essential for designing or controlling genetic regulatory networks. This paper addresses global and robust stability of genetic regulatory networks with time delays and parameter uncertainties. Most existing results on this issue are based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach, which results in checking the existence of a feasible solution to high dimensional LMIs. Based on M-matrix theory, we will present several novel global stability conditions for genetic regulatory networks with time-varying and time-invariant delays. All of these stability conditions are given in terms of M-matrices, for which there are many and very easy ways to be verified. Then, we extend these results to genetic regulatory networks with time delays and parameter uncertainties... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181055 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181054&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5740963 This study designed and fabricated an E-Nose signal-processing chip by using TSMC 0.18-$mu$ m 1P6M complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology to overcome the need to connect the device to a personal computer, which has traditionally been a major stumbling block in reducing the size of E-Nose systems. The proposed chip is based on a conductive polymer sensor array chip composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The signal-processing chip comprises an interface circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a memory module, and a microprocessor embedded with a pattern-recognition algorithm. Experimental results have verified the functionality of the proposed system, in which the E-Nose signal-processing chip successfully classified three odors, carbon tetrachloride $({rm CCl}_{4})$ ,... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181054 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181053&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5750065 This paper presents a portable, embedded, microcontroller-based system for bidirectional communication (recording and stimulation) between an electrode, implanted in the peripheral nervous system, and a host computer. The device is able to record and digitize spontaneous and/or evoked neural activities and store them in data files on a PC. In addition, the system has the capability of providing electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, injecting biphasic current pulses with programmable duration, intensity, and frequency. The recording system provides a highly selective band-pass filter from 800 Hz to 3 kHz, with a gain of 56 dB. The amplification range can be further extended to 96 dB with a variable gain amplifier. The proposed acquisition/stimulation circuitry has been successfully t... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181053 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181052&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5754619 In this paper, wireless telemetry using the near-field coupling technique with round-wire coils for an implanted cardiac microstimulator is presented. The proposed system possesses an external powering amplifier and an internal bidirectional microstimulator. The energy of the microstimulator is provided by a rectifier that can efficiently charge a rechargeable device. A fully integrated regulator and a charge pump circuit are included to generate a stable, low-voltage, and high-potential supply voltage, respectively. A miniature digital processor includes a phase-shift-keying (PSK) demodulator to decode the transmission data and a self-protective system controller to operate the entire system. To acquire the cardiac signal, a low-voltage and low-power monitoring analog front end (MAFE) per... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181052 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181051&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5738699 This paper presents the design of a novel wireless sensor network structure to monitor patients with chronic diseases in their own homes through a remote monitoring system of physiological signals. Currently, most of the monitoring systems send patients' data to a hospital with the aid of personal computers (PC) located in the patients' home. Here, we present a new design which eliminates the need for a PC. The proposed remote monitoring system is a wireless sensor network with the nodes of the network installed in the patients' homes. These nodes are then connected to a central node located at a hospital through an Internet connection. The nodes of the proposed wireless sensor network are created by using a combination of ECG sensors, MSP430 microcontrollers, a CC2500 low-power wireless r... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181051 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181050&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5951807 We describe the concept of a bioinspired feedback loop that combines a cochlear processor with an integrated-circuit vocal tract to create what we call a speech-locked loop. We discuss how the speech-locked loop can be applied in hearing prostheses, such as cochlear implants, to help improve speech recognition in noise. We also investigate speech-coding strategies for brain-machine-interface-based speech prostheses and present an articulatory speech-synthesis system by using an integrated-circuit vocal tract that models the human vocal tract. Our articulatory silicon vocal tract makes the transmission of low bit-rate speech-coding parameters feasible over a bandwidth-constrained body sensor network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first articulatory speech-prosthesis system repor... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181050 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181049&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5951805 This paper presents effective signal-processing techniques for the compensation of motion artifacts and ambient light offsets in a reflective photoplethysmography sensor suitable for wearable applications. A ratiometric comparison of infrared (IR) and red absorption characteristics cancels out noise that is multiplicative in nature and amplitude modulation of pulsatile absorption signals enables rejection of additive noise. A low-power, discrete-time pulse-oximeter platform is used to capture IR and red photoplethysmograms so that the data used for analysis have noise levels representative of what a true body sensor network device would experience. The proposed artifact rejection algorithm is designed for real-time implementation with a low-power microcontroller while being robust enough t... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181049 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181048&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5951802 Activities of daily living are important for assessing changes in physical and behavioral profiles of the general population over time, particularly for the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. Although accelerometers have been used widely in wearable devices for activity classification, the positioning of the sensors and the selection of relevant features for different activity groups still pose significant research challenges. This paper investigates wearable sensor placement at different body positions and aims to provide a systematic framework that can answer the following questions: 1) What is the ideal sensor location for a given group of activities? and 2) Of the different time-frequency features that can be extracted from wearable accelerometers, which ones are the most rele... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181048 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181047&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5951806 We investigate the use of relaying of creeping waves in the industrial scientific medical frequency bands of 434 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz. The investigation includes generic analysis and experimental setups. For generic analysis, a link budget model is derived based solely on the creeping wave component of the transmitted signal while marginalizing for other effects, such as reflections from the surrounding environment. Closed-form expressions of the gains in network lifetime and energy per bit are derived for a system covering the entire body using relays compared to a reference system offering the same level of reliability without relaying. The experimental setups are used to gather measurements in the 2.4-GHz band with a body sensor network development platform in a nonreflective open-... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181047 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181046&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5951801 The four papers in this special section are extended versions of papers from the 2010 International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN2010), held in Singapore from June 7 to 9, 2010. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181046 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181045&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961787 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181045 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181044&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5961784%26arnumber%3D5961785 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181044 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5181044 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911193&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5773000 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911193 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911193 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911192&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5773001 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911192 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911192 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911191&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5772999 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911191 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911190&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5773002 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911190 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911189&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5773003 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911189 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911189 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911188&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5710616 In this paper, we present a fully integrated asynchronous step-down switched capacitor dc–dc conversion structure suitable for supporting ultra-low-power circuits commonly found in biomedical implants. The proposed converter uses a fully digital asynchronous state machine as the heart of the control circuitry to generate the drive signals. To minimize the switching losses, the asynchronous controller scales the switching frequency of the drive signals according to the loading conditions. It also turns on additional parallel switches when needed and has a backup synchronous drive mode. This circuit regulates load voltages from 300 mV to 1.1 V derived from a 1.2-V input voltage. A total of 350 pF on-chip capacitance was implemented to support a maximum of 230-$mu$ W load power, while ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911188 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911187&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5710602 We report the design of two consecutive HV custom ICs—IC1 and IC2—fabricated in DALSA semiconductor C08G and C08E technologies, respectively, with a total silicon area (including pads) of 4 and 9 mm$^{2}$, respectively. Both ICs include HV rectification and regulation; however, IC2 includes two enhanced rectifier designs, a voltage-doubler, and a bridge rectifier, as well as data recovery. Postlayout simulations show that both IC2 rectifiers achieve more than 90% power efficiency at a 1-mA load and provide enough room for 12-V regulation at a 3-mA load and a maximum-available inductive power of 50 mW only. Successful measurement results show that HV regulators provide a stable 3.3- to 12-V supply from an unregulated input up to 50 or 20 V for IC1 and IC2, respectively, with p... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911187 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911186&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5659898 Transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) enables the transfer of power across the skin without direct electrical connection. It is a mechanism for powering implantable devices for the lifetime of a patient. For maximum power transfer, it is essential that TET systems be resonant on both the primary and secondary sides, which requires considerable design effort. Consequently, a strong need exists for an efficient method to aid the design process. This paper presents an analytical technique appropriate to analyze complex TET systems. The system's steady-state solution in closed form with sufficient accuracy is obtained by employing the proposed equivalent small parameter method. It is shown that power-transfer capability can be correctly predicted without tedious iterative simulations or practic... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911186 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911185&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5741745 This paper presents a neural recording amplifier array suitable for large-scale integration with multielectrode arrays in very low-power microelectronic cortical implants. The proposed amplifier is one of the most energy-efficient structures reported to date, which theoretically achieves an effective noise efficiency factor (NEF) smaller than the limit that can be achieved by any existing amplifier topology, which utilizes a differential pair input stage. The proposed architecture, which is referred to as a partial operational transconductance amplifier sharing architecture, results in a significant reduction of power dissipation as well as silicon area, in addition to the very low NEF. The effect of mismatch on crosstalk between channels and the tradeoff between noise and crosstalk are th... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911185 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911184&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5710603 This paper presents a low-noise front-end amplifier with configurable gain, targeting the recording of small signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) or electroneurogram (ENG). The circuit consists of a continuous-time input stage using lateral bipolar transistors realized in complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology followed by a switched-capacitor integrating stage. The voltage gain is adjustable by varying the phase delay between two system clocks. Simulated and measured results for a chip fabricated in 0.35-$mu$m CMOS technology are reported. The amplifier occupies an active area of 0.064 mm $^{2}$, yields a nominal gain of 630 V/V with more than a 50-dB tuning range, less than 16 ${rm nV}_{rm rms}/surd{rm Hz}$ input noise and a common-mode rejection of more ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911184 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911183&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5746628 This paper describes a single transistor floating-gate synapse device that can be used to store a weight in a nonvolatile manner, compute a biological EPSP, and demonstrate biological learning rules such as Long-Term Potentiation, LTD, and spike-time dependent plasticity. We also describe a highly scalable architecture of a matrix of synapses to implement the described learning rules. Parameters for weight update in the 0.35 um process have been extracted and can be used to predict the change in weight based on time difference between pre- and post-synaptic spike times. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911183 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911182&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5703149 This paper introduces a novel probabilistic spike-response model through the combination of avalanche diode-generated Poisson distributed noise, and a standard exponential decay-based spike-response curve. The noise source, which is derived from a 0.35-$mu$ m single-photon avalanche diode (kept in the dark), was tested experimentally to verify its characteristics, before being combined with a field-programmable gate-array implementation of a spike-response model. This simple model was then analyzed, and shown to reproduce seven of eight behaviors recorded during an extensive study of the ventral medial hypothalamic (VMH) region of the brain. It is thought that many of the cell types found within the VMH are fed from a tonic noise synaptic input, where the patterns generated are a product o... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911182 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911181&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5661877 We present the design and implementation of a prototype complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) conductometric integrated circuit (IC) for colony growth monitoring and specific sensing of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The detection of E. coli is done by employing T4 bacteriophages as receptor organisms. The conductometric system operates by measuring the resistance of the test sample between the electrodes of a two-electrode electrochemical system (reference electrode and working electrode). The CMOS IC is fabricated in a TSMC 0.35-$mu$m process and uses a current-to-frequency (I to F) conversion circuit to convert the test sample resistance into a digital output modulated in frequency. Pulsewidth control (one-shot circuit) is implemented on-chip to control the pulsewi... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911181 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911180&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5685786 This paper describes volumetric-flow velocity measurement using an implantable capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array. The array is comprised of multiple-concentric CMUT rings for ultrasound transmission and an outmost annular CMUT array for ultrasound reception. Microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) fabrication technology allows reception CMUT on this flowmeter to be implemented with a different membrane thickness and gap height than that of transmission CMUTs, optimizing the performance of these two different kinds of devices. The silicon substrate of this 2-mm-diameter CMUT ring array was bulk micromachined to approximately 80 to 100 $mu$m thick, minimizing tissue disruption. The blood-flow velocity was detected using pulse ultrasound Doppler by comparing the demodul... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911180 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911179&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5611627 A dual-channel directional digital hearing aid front end using microelectromechanical-systems microphones, and an adaptive-power analog processing signal chain are presented. The analog front end consists of a double differential amplifier-based capacitance-to-voltage conversion circuit, 40-dB variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a power-scalable continuous time sigma delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC), with 68-dB signal-to-noise ratio dissipating 67 $mu$ W from a 1.2-V supply. The MEMS microphones are fabricated using a standard surface micromachining technology. The VGA and power-scalable ADC are fabricated on a 0.25-$mu$ m complementary metal–oxide semciconductor TSMC process. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911179 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911178&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5772998 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911178 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4911177&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5772996%26arnumber%3D5772997 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4911177 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4911177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812947&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765559 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812947 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812946&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765560 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812946 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812945&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765564 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812945 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812944&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765561 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812944 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812943&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765562 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812943 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812942&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765563 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812942 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812941&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5661876 In this paper, we study the effect of temperature on the operation and performance of a xerogel-based sensor microarrays coupled to a complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imager integrated circuit (IC) that images the photoluminescence response from the sensor microarray. The CMOS imager uses a 32$,times,$ 32 (1024 elements) array of active pixel sensors and each pixel includes a high-gain phototransistor to convert the detected optical signals into electrical currents. A correlated double sampling circuit and pixel address/digital control/signal integration circuit are also implemented on-chip. The CMOS imager data are read out as a serial coded signal. The sensor system uses a light-emitting diode to excite target analyte responsive organometallic luminophores doped with... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812941 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812940&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5740619 Neural microstimulation is becoming a powerful tool for the restoration of impaired functions in the central nervous system. Microelectrode arrays with fine wire interconnects have traditionally been used in the development of these neural prosthetic devices. However, these interconnects are usually the most vulnerable part of the neuroprosthetic implant that can eventually cause the device to fail. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of floating-light-activated microelectrical stimulators (FLAMES) for wireless neural stimulation. A computer model was developed to simulate the micro stimulators for typical requirements of neural activation in the human white and gray matters. First, the photon densities due to a circular laser beam were simulated in the neural tissue at near-infr... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812940 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812939&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5620931 Implantable microsystems for monitoring or manipulating brain activity typically require on-chip real-time processing of multichannel neural data using ultra low-power, miniaturized electronics. In this paper, we propose an integrated-circuit/architecture-level hardware design framework for neural signal processing that exploits the nature of the signal-processing algorithm. First, we consider different power reduction techniques and compare the energy efficiency between the ultra-low frequency subthreshold and conventional superthreshold design. We show that the superthreshold design operating at a much higher frequency can achieve comparable energy dissipation by taking advantage of extensive power gating. It also provides significantly higher robustness of operation and yield under larg... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812939 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812938&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5682068 Recent theoretical and experimental findings suggest that biological olfactory systems utilize relative latencies or time-to-first spikes for fast odor recognition. These time-domain encoding methods exhibit reduced computational requirements and improved classification robustness. In this paper, we introduce a microcontroller-based electronic nose system using time-domain encoding schemes to achieve a power-efficient, compact, and robust gas identification system. A compact (4.5 cm$,times,$ 5 cm$,times,$ 2.2 cm) electronic nose, which is integrated with a tin–oxide gas-sensor array and capable of wireless communication with computers or mobile phones through Bluetooth, was implemented and characterized by using three different gases (ethanol, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen). During ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812938 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812937&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5759288 This paper presents a multichannel stimulator ASIC for an implantable vestibular prosthesis. The system features versatile stimulation management which allows fine setting of the parameters for biphasic stimulation pulses. To address the problem of charge imbalance due to rounding errors, the digital processor can calculate and provide accurate charge correction. A technique to reduce the data rate to the stimulator is described. The stimulator ASIC was implemented in 0.6-$mu$ m high-voltage CMOS technology occupying an area of 2.27 mm$^{2}$. The measured performance of the ASIC has been verified using vestibular electrodes in saline. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812937 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812936&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5759728 A wirelessly powered electro-acupuncture (EA) system with adaptive-pulsewidth (APW) monophase stimulation is presented for convenient invasive medicine. The proposed system removes cumbersome wires connected between EA nodes and an EA controller in order to realize both patients' convenience and remedial values simultaneously. An ultra-low-power stimulator integrated circuit (IC) that is integrated on the flexible–printed-circuit board (F-PCB) is attached to the tip of a needle electrode. Combined with a conductive yarn helical antenna wound around the needle electrode, the EA node receives wireless power from the EA controller using 433 MHz with the maximum loss of 6 dB. A zero-$V$th nMOS rectifier harvests a supply voltage of 1.0 V from a ${- }$16-dBm incoming power signal with 32... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812936 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812935&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5713828 The demand for greater battery life in low-power consumer electronics and implantable medical devices presents a need for improved energy efficiency in the management of small rechargeable cells. This paper describes an ultra-compact analog lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery charger with high energy efficiency. The charger presented here utilizes the tanh basis function of a subthreshold operational transconductance amplifier to smoothly transition between constant-current and constant-voltage charging regimes without the need for additional area- and power-consuming control circuitry. Current-domain circuitry for end-of-charge detection negates the need for precision-sense resistors in either the charging path or control loop. We show theoretically and experimentally that the low-frequency pole... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812935 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812934&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5764504 This paper describes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) array for an implantable neural sensor which digitizes neural signals sensed by a microelectrode array. The ADC array consists of 96 variable resolution ADC base cells. The resolution of each ADC cell in the array is varied according to neural data content of the signal from the corresponding electrode. The resolution adaptation algorithm is essentially to periodically recalibrate the required resolution and this is done without requiring any additional ADC cells. The adaptation implementation and results are described. The base ADC cell is implemented using a successive approximation charge redistribution architecture. The choice of architecture and circuit design are presented. The base ADC has been implemented in 0.13 $mu$m CMOS ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812934 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812933&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5759105 Long-term monitoring of neuronal activity in awake behaving subjects can provide fundamental information about brain dynamics for neuroscience and neuroengineering applications. Here, we present a miniature, lightweight, and low-power recording system for monitoring neural activity in awake behaving animals. The system integrates two custom designed very-large-scale integrated chips, a neural interface module fabricated in 0.5 $mu$m complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology and an ultra-wideband transmitter module fabricated in a 0.5 $mu $m silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology. The system amplifies, filters, digitizes, and transmits 16 channels of neural data at a rate of 1 Mb/s. The entire system, which includes the VLSI circuits, a digital interface board, a battery, and ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812933 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812932&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5756673 We have developed miniature telemetry systems that capture neural, EMG, and acceleration signals from a freely moving insect or other small animal and transmit the data wirelessly to a remote digital receiver. The systems are based on custom low-power integrated circuits (ICs) that amplify, filter, and digitize four biopotential signals using low-noise circuits. One of the chips also digitizes three acceleration signals from an off-chip microelectromechanical-system accelerometer. All information is transmitted over a wireless ${sim} $900-MHz telemetry link. The first unit, using a custom chip fabricated in a 0.6- $mu$m BiCMOS process, weighs 0.79 g and runs for two hours on two small batteries. We have used this system to monitor neural and EMG signals in jumping and flying locusts as wel... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812932 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812931&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5759104 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812931 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812930&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765558 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812930 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4812929&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5765036%26arnumber%3D5765037 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4812929 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4812929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394112&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701723 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394112 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:52 +0100 4394112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394111&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701722 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394111 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:52 +0100 4394111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394110&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701721 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394110 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:52 +0100 4394110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394109&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5686884 This paper presents the design and characteristics of a front-end readout application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) dedicated to a multichannel-plate photodetector coupled to LYSO scintillating crystals. In our configuration, the crystals are oriented in the axial direction readout on both sides by individual photodetector channels allowing the spatial resolution and the detection efficiency to be independent of each other. Both energy signals and timing triggers from the photodetectors are required to be read out by the front-end ASIC. A current-mode charge-sensitive amplifier is proposed for this application. This paper presents performance characteristics of a 10-channel prototype chip designed and fabricated in a 0.35- $mu$m complementary metal–oxide semiconductor process. ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394109 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:52 +0100 4394109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394108&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5611628 This study investigates the identification of a model for the respiratory tree by means of its electrical equivalent based on intrinsic morphology. Measurements were obtained from seven volunteers, in terms of their respiratory impedance by means of its complex representation for frequencies below 5 Hz. A parametric modeling is then applied to the complex valued data points. Since at low-frequency range the inertance is negligible, each airway branch is modeled by using gamma cell resistance and capacitance, the latter having a fractional-order constant phase element (CPE), which is identified from measurements. In addition, the complex impedance is also approximated by means of a model consisting of a lumped series resistance and a lumped fractional-order capacitance. The results reveal t... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394108 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:52 +0100 4394108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394107&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701724 In time-domain or pulse-modulation (PM) imaging, the incident light intensity is not encoded in amounts of charge, voltage, or current as it is in conventional image sensors. Instead, the image data are represented by the timing of pulses or pulse edges. This method of visual information encoding optimizes the phototransduction individually for each pixel by abstaining from imposing a fixed integration time for the entire array. Exceptionally high dynamic range (DR) and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are immediate benefits of this approach. In particular, DR is no longer limited by the power-supply rails as in conventional complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) complementary metal–oxide semiconductor active pixel sensors, thus providing relative immunity to the ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394107 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:51 +0100 4394107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394106&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5595028 Resonance-based wireless power delivery is an efficient technique to transfer power over a relatively long distance. This technique typically uses four coils as opposed to two coils used in conventional inductive links. In the four-coil system, the adverse effects of a low coupling coefficient between primary and secondary coils are compensated by using high-quality ($Q$) factor coils, and the efficiency of the system is improved. Unlike its two-coil counterpart, the efficiency profile of the power transfer is not a monotonically decreasing function of the operating distance and is less sensitive to changes in the distance between the primary and secondary coils. A four-coil energy transfer system can be optimized to provide maximum efficiency at a given operating distance. We have analyze... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394106 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:51 +0100 4394106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394105&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5570954 A 2.4-GHz energy-efficient transmitter (TX) for wireless medical applications is presented in this paper. It consists of four blocks: a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer with a direct frequency presetting technique, a class-B power amplifier, a digital processor, and nonvolatile memory (NVM). The frequency presetting technique can accurately preset the carrier frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator and reduce the lock-in time of the PLL synthesizer, further increasing the data rate of communication with low power consumption. The digital processor automatically compensates preset frequency variation with process, voltage, and temperature. The NVM stores the presetting signals and calibration data so that the TX can avoid the repetitive calibration process and save the energy in p... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394105 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:50 +0100 4394105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394104&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5599885 We describe in this paper an intracortical current-pulse generator for high-impedance microstimulation. This dual-chip system features a stimuli generator and a high-voltage electrode driver. The stimuli generator produces flexible rising exponential pulses in addition to standard rectangular stimuli. This novel stimulation waveform is expected to provide superior energy efficiency for action potential triggering while releasing less toxic reduced ions in the cortical tissues. The proposed fully integrated electrode driver is used as the output stage where high-voltage supplies are generated on-chip to significantly increase the voltage compliance for stimulation through high-impedance electrode-tissue interfaces. The stimuli generator has been implemented in 0.18- $mu$m CMOS technology wh... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394104 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:50 +0100 4394104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394103&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701725 This paper presents a power-efficient neural stimulator integrated circuit, designed to take advantage of our understanding of iridium–oxide electrode impedance. It efficiently creates a programmable set of voltage supplies directly from a secondary power telemetry coil, then switches the target electrode sequentially through the voltage steps. This sequence of voltages mimics the voltage of the electrode under the constant current drive, resulting in approximately constant current without the voltage drop of the more commonly used linear current source. This method sacrifices some precision, but drastically reduces the series losses seen in traditional current sources and attains power savings of 53%–66% compared to these designs. The proof-of-concept circuit consumes 125 $m... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394103 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:50 +0100 4394103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394102&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5611630 In this paper, we present a library of analog operators used for the analog real-time computation of the Hodgkin–Huxley formalism. These operators make it possible to design a silicon (Si) neuron that is dynamically tunable, and that reproduces different kinds of neurons. We used an original method in neuromorphic engineering to characterize this Si neuron. In electrophysiology, this method is well known as the “voltage-clamp” technique. We also compare the features of an application-specific integrated circuit built with this library with results obtained from software simulations. We then present the complex behavior of neural membrane voltages and the potential applications of this Si neuron. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394102 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:49 +0100 4394102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394101&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5699962 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394101 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:49 +0100 4394101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394100&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701720 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394100 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:49 +0100 4394100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4394099&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5701718%26arnumber%3D5701719 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4394099 Tue, 25 Jan 2011 14:00:49 +0100 4394099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4265204&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5621876 This 10-b 50-MSamples/s SAR analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features on-chip digital calibration techniques, comparator offset cancellation, a capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) linearity calibration, and internal clock control to compensate for PVT variations. A split-CDAC reduces the exponential increase in the number of unit capacitors needed and enables the input load capacitance to be as small as the kT/C noise restriction. The prototype fabricated in 65 nm 1P7M complementary metal-oxide semiconductor with MIM capacitor achieves 56.6 dB SNDR at 50-MSamples/s, 25-MHz input frequency and consumes 820 μW from a 1.0-V supply, including the digital calibration circuits. The figure of merit was 29.7 fJ/conversion-step under the Nyquist condition. The ADC occupied an activ... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4265204 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4265204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4265203&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5611629 A fundamental problem that miniaturized systems, such as biomedical implants, face is limited space for storing energy, which translates to short operational life. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment, which is virtually a boundless source at these scales, can overcome this restriction, if losses in the system are sufficiently low. To that end, the 2-μm bi-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor switched-inductor piezoelectric harvester prototype evaluated and presented in this paper eliminates the restrictions associated with a rectifier to produce and channel 30 μW from a periodic 72- μW piezoelectric source into a battery directly. In doing so, the circuit also increases the system's electrical damping force to draw more power and energy from the trans... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4265203 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4265203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213605&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5643258 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213605 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213604&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5643259 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213604 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213602&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5621876 This 10-b 50-MSamples/s SAR analog-to-digital converter (ADC) features on-chip digital calibration techniques, comparator offset cancellation, a capacitor digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) linearity calibration, and internal clock control to compensate for PVT variations. A split-CDAC reduces the exponential increase in the number of unit capacitors needed and enables the input load capacitance to be as small as the ${rm kT}/{rm C}$ noise restriction. The prototype fabricated in 65 nm 1P7M complementary metal–oxide semiconductor with MIM capacitor achieves 56.6 dB SNDR at 50-MSamples/s, 25-MHz input frequency and consumes 820 $mu$W from a 1.0-V supply, including the digital calibration circuits. The figure of merit was 29.7 fJ/conversion-step under the Nyquist condition. The ADC oc... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213602 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213602 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213601&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5611629 A fundamental problem that miniaturized systems, such as biomedical implants, face is limited space for storing energy, which translates to short operational life. Harvesting energy from the surrounding environment, which is virtually a boundless source at these scales, can overcome this restriction, if losses in the system are sufficiently low. To that end, the 2-$mu$m bi-complementary metal–oxide semiconductor switched-inductor piezoelectric harvester prototype evaluated and presented in this paper eliminates the restrictions associated with a rectifier to produce and channel 30 $mu $W from a periodic 72- $mu $W piezoelectric source into a battery directly. In doing so, the circuit also increases the system's electrical damping force to draw more power and energy from the transduc... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213601 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213601 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213600&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5623324 This paper presents a BAW-based transceiver targeting wireless networks for biomedical applications. The use of high-$Q$ microelectromechanical-systems resonators brings interesting benefits to the fundamental building blocks of the frequency synthesis, receiver, and transmitter and allows achieving at the same time low-power consumption, improved phase noise, and high selectivity in the receiver and transmitter paths. In the baseband, the power consumption is minimized thanks to the use of a phase analog-to-digital converter (ADC) which directly quantizes the phase of the received signal instead of using two separate amplitude ADCs. A complete wireless node composed of the transceiver integrated circuit (IC) and a microprocessing IC, both integrated in a standard digital 0.18- $mu$m compl... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213600 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213599&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5625928 In this paper, we present a fully integrated biosensor 10 $,times,$10 array in a standard complementary metal–oxide semiconducor process, which takes advantage of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also show that this system is able to detect various biological analytes, such as DNA and proteins, in real time and without the need for molecular labels. In each pixel of this array, we implement a biocompatible Au electrode transducer and embedded sensor circuitry which takes advantage of the coherent detector to measure the impedance of the associated electrode-electrolyte interface. This chip is capable of concurrently measuring admittance values as small as ${10}^{-8}Omega^{-1}$ within the array with the detection dynamic range of more than 90 dB in the frequency range... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213599 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213598&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5617318 We report on a compact (0.02 mm$^{2}$ ) buffer for both voltage and current stimulation of electrogenic cells on a complementary metal–oxide semiconductor microelectrode array. In voltage mode, the circuit is a high-current class-AB voltage follower, based on a local common-mode feedback (LCMFB) amplifier. In current mode, the circuit is a current conveyor of type II, using the same LCMFB amplifier with cascode stages to increase the gain. The circuit shows good linearity in the 0.5–3.5 V input range and has extensively been used for stimulation of neuronal cultures. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213598 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213597&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5643255 We present an inductively powered 32-channel wireless integrated neural recording (WINeR) system-on-a-chip (SoC) to be ultimately used for one or more small freely behaving animals. The inductive powering is intended to relieve the animals from carrying bulky batteries used in other wireless systems, and enables long recording sessions. The WINeR system uses time-division multiplexing along with a novel power scheduling method that reduces the current in unused low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) to cut the total SoC power consumption. In addition, an on-chip high-efficiency active rectifier with optimized coils help improve the overall system power efficiency, which is controlled in a closed loop to supply stable power to the WINeR regardless of the coil displacements. The WINeR SoC has been impl... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213597 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213596&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5634138 This paper presents the implementation of a batteryless CMOS SoC with low voltage pulsed radio-frequency (PRF) stimulation. This implantable SoC uses 402 MHz command signals following the medical implanted communication system (MICS) standard and a low frequency (1 MHz) for RF power transmission. A body floating type rectifier achieves 84% voltage conversion ratio. A bi-phasic pulse train of 1.4 V and 500 kHz is delivered by a PRF driver circuit. The PRF parameters include pulse duration, pulse frequency and repetition rate, which are controllable via 402 MHz RF receiver. The minimal required 3 V RF ${rm V}_{rm in}$ and 2.2 V ${rm V}_{rm DDr}$ is achieved at 18 mm gap. The SoC chip is fabricated in a 0.35 $mu{rm m}$ CMOS process and mounted on a PCB with a flexible spiral antenna. The pack... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213596 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213595&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5618591 Glaucoma is a detrimental disease that causes blindness in millions of people worldwide. There are numerous treatments to slow the condition but none are totally effective and all have significant side effects. Currently, a continuous monitoring device is not available, but its development may open up new avenues for treatment. This work focuses on the design and fabrication of an active glaucoma intraocular pressure (IOP) monitor that is fully wireless and implantable. Major benefits of an active IOP monitoring device include the potential to operate independently from an external device for extended periods of time and the possibility of developing a closed-loop monitoring and treatment system. The fully wireless operation is based off using gigahertz-frequency electromagnetic wave propa... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213595 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213594&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5638604 The eight papers in the first part of this special issue were originally presented at the 2010 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, held in February. These papers target bio/health applications. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213594 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213593&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5643262 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213593 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4213592&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5643253%26arnumber%3D5643261 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4213592 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4213592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012778&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5586712 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012778 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012777&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5586711 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012777 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012776&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5586713 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012776 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012775&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5575363 A low-cost device using diffuse optical imaging (DOI) for measuring in vivo hemodynamic changes in the spinal cord has been developed. The proposed system is aimed at monitoring for the first time real-time hemodynamic changes associated with intraspinal rhythmic motor activity monitored by electroneurogram (ENG) evoked in paralyzed cats (fictive locomotion). The device contains the emitting and collecting probes within a saddle that fits over a vertebra and has been developed with discrete component circuits. Experiments performed in two acutely decerebrate and paralyzed cats confirm a noticeable and reproducible hemodynamic response during episodes of fictive locomotion. The device is designed so that it could be implanted chronically. In the future, a multi-implant imaging platform coul... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012775 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012774&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5575360 In this paper, the nonlinear dynamical phenomenon associated with a silicon neuron are described. The neuron has one transient sodium (activating and inactivating) channel and one activating potassium channel. These channels do not model specific equations; instead they directly mimic the desired voltage clamp responses. This allows us to create silicon structures that are very compact (six transistors and three capacitors) with activation and inactivation parameters being tuned by floating-gate (FG) transistors. Analysis of the bifurcation conditions allow us to identify regimes in the parameter space that are desirable for biasing the circuit. We show a subcritical Hopf-bifurcation which is characteristic of class 2 excitability in Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) neurons. We also show a Hopf bifurc... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012774 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012773&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5535200 A neuromorphic analog chip is presented that is capable of implementing massively parallel neural computations while retaining the programmability of digital systems. We show measurements from neurons with Hopf bifurcations and integrate and fire neurons, excitatory and inhibitory synapses, passive dendrite cables, coupled spiking neurons, and central pattern generators implemented on the chip. This chip provides a platform for not only simulating detailed neuron dynamics but also uses the same to interface with actual cells in applications such as a dynamic clamp. There are 28 computational analog blocks (CAB), each consisting of ion channels with tunable parameters, synapses, winner-take-all elements, current sources, transconductance amplifiers, and capacitors. There are four other CABs... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012773 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012772&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5484519 We have presented the design methodology along with detailed simulation and measurement results for optimizing a multiband transcutaneous wireless link for high-performance implantable neuroprosthetic devices. We have utilized three individual carrier signals and coil/antenna pairs for power transmission, forward data transmission from outside into the body, and back telemetry in the opposite direction. Power is transmitted at 13.56 MHz through a pair of printed spiral coils (PSCs) facing each other. Two different designs have been evaluated for forward data coils, both of which help to minimize power carrier interference in the received data carrier. One is a pair of perpendicular coils that are wound across the diameter of the power PSCs. The other design is a pair of planar figure-8 coi... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012772 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:27 +0100 4012772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012771&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5575366 With the emerging interest in local field potentials (LFPs) as input signals for brain-machine interfaces, there is a need for integrated circuits capable of amplifying spikes and LFPs. A two-stage complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) amplifier-filter has been implemented with 0.18-$mu$m CMOS for simultaneous, multimodal recording of extracellular unit spikes and LFPs. For the frequency tuning and the reduction of the $1/f$ noise, it employs a switched-capacitor technique. The filter bandwidth is reconfigurable by using a different sampling clock frequency. The prototype amplifier has gains of 19.1 dB and 37.5 dB for low-pass only filter and cascaded filter, respectively. With a 100-kHz sampling frequency, the equivalent input noise spectral density is 38.8 nV/$sqrt{rm Hz}... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012771 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:26 +0100 4012771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012770&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5575361 Practical usability of the majority of current wearable body sensor systems for multiple parameter physiological signal acquisition is limited by the multiple physical connections between sensors and the data-acquisition modules. In order to improve the user comfort and enable the use of these types of systems on active mobile subjects, we propose a wireless body sensor system that incorporates multiple sensors on a single node. This multisensor node includes signal acquisition, processing, and wireless data transmission fitted on multiple layers of a thin flexible substrate with a very small footprint. Considerations for design include size, form factor, reliable body attachment, good signal coupling, low power consumption, and user convenience. The prototype device measures 55 $times$ 15... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012770 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:26 +0100 4012770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012769&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5504046 We describe the design and development of an optoelectronic lock-in amplifier (LIA) for optical sensing and spectroscopy applications. The prototype amplifier is fabricated using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. complementary metal–oxide semiconductor 0.35-$mu$ m technology and uses a phototransistor array (total active area is 400 $mu{hbox {m}}times {hbox {640}} mu$m) to convert the incident optical signals into electrical currents. The photocurrents are then converted into voltage signals using a transimpedance amplifier for subsequent convenient signal processing by the LIA circuitry. The LIA is optimized to be operational at 20-kHz modulation frequency but is operational in the frequency range from 13 kHz to 25 kHz. The system is tested with a light-emitting diode (LED) as... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012769 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:26 +0100 4012769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012768&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5484467 Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer tremendous promise for improving the quality of life for disabled individuals. BCIs use spike sorting to identify the source of each neural firing. To date, spike sorting has been performed by either using off-chip analysis, which requires a wired connection penetrating the skull to a bulky external power/processing unit, or via custom application-specific integrated circuits that lack the programmability to perform different algorithms and upgrades. In this research, we propose and test the feasibility of performing on-chip, real-time spike sorting on a programmable smartdust, including feature extraction, classification, compression, and wireless transmission. A detailed power/performance tradeoff analysis using DVFS is presented. Our experimental r... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012768 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:25 +0100 4012768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012767&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5586710 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012767 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:25 +0100 4012767 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4012766&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5586708%26arnumber%3D5586709 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4012766 Wed, 29 Sep 2010 22:43:25 +0100 4012766 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802183&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5524660 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802183 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802182&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5524661 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802182 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802181&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5524658 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802181 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802180&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5524659 (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802180 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802179&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5475321 We present a built-in self-test (BIST) method for digital microfluidic lab-on-chip. This method utilizes digital microfluidic logic gates to implement the BIST architecture; and, or and not gates are used to compress multiple test-outcome droplets into a single droplet to facilitate detection with low overhead. These approaches obviate the need for capacitive sensing test-outcome circuits for analysis. We also apply the BIST architecture to a pin-constrained biochip design. A multiplexed bioassay protocol is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed test method. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802179 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802178&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5524657 We present the hardware and software development of a wireless multispectral vision sensor which enables the transmission of the 3-D reconstruction of a scene in real time. An FPGA-based prototype has been designed to show the proof of concept. Experiments in the laboratory, in vitro, and in vivo on a pig have been performed to determine the performance of the 3-D vision system. A roadmap towardthe integrated system is set out. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems) IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802178 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3802177&cid=s_37222_169_f&fid=37222&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Fisnumber%3D5524654%26arnumber%3D5510022 In this paper, we present a bacteria growth monitoring technique using a complementary metal–oxide semiconductor capacitive sensor. The proposed platform features a differential capacitive readout architecture with two interdigitized reference and sensing electrodes. These electrodes are exposed to pure Luria–Bertani (LB) medium and Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) bacteria suspended in the LB medium, respectively. In order to direct the solutions toward the electrodes, two microfluidic channels are implemented atop the electrodes through a direct-write assembly technique. We thereafter demonstrate and discuss the experimental results by using two different bacteria concentrations in the order of $10^{6}$ and $10^{7}$ per 1 mL in the LB medium. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedi... IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3802177 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 08:16:40 +0100 3802177