MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 18:15:42 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639169&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011001085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639169 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639169 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639168&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000870%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews innovative concepts for the prevention of biofilm formation, and novel treatment approaches. Specific approaches for the diagnosis and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract and bloodstream infections, as well as infections associated with orthopedic implants and cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, are also discussed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639168 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639168 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639167&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000857%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Reuse of both single-use and multiuse medical devices is a common practice and can result in transmission of infection when appropriate sterilization or reprocessing does not occur. Reuse of single-use devices can be problematic because there are no clear standards for reprocessing, although data regarding adverse outcomes are limited. Single-use devices are commonly reused, appropriately or inappropriately, in resource-limited settings because of cost constraints. Reuse of medical devices raises important legal and ethical questions. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639167 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639166&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000821%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Indwelling medical devices are increasingly used in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). These devices place residents at a heightened risk for infection and colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. Understanding the risk and pathogenesis of infection associated with commonly used medical devices can help facilitate appropriate therapy. Programs to minimize unnecessary use of indwelling medical devices in residents and maximize staff adherence to infection control and maintenance procedures are essential features of a LTCF infection prevention program. LTCFs that provide care for large numbers of residents with indwelling medical devices should routinely perform surveillance for device-related infections and develop systems for assessing the safety and efficacy of newly... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639166 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639165&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000808%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the important infectious complications associated with dialysis access, including both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The discussion highlights the epidemiology, management, and prevention of dialysis access infections. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639165 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639164&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100078X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infection after breast implant surgery occurs in 1.1% to 2.5% of procedures performed for augmentation and up to 35% of procedures performed for reconstruction after mastectomy. Most infections result from skin organisms and occur in the immediate postoperative period, although infections can occasionally present after many years. Diagnosis of breast implant infection relies on the clinical presentation of breast pain, swelling, erythema, and drainage in conjunction with ultrasound-guided cultures of periprosthetic fluid. Management commonly involves implant removal, with device salvage attempted in select situations. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639164 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639163&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100081X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on new developments in the management and prevention of intracranial device infections, in particular ventriculostomy-related infections and infections of deep brain stimulators. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639163 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639162&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000833%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a mechanical pump that supplements or replaces the function of a damaged left ventricle. Although LVAD support is associated with improved survival and quality of life, infectious complications remain a major limitation. The authors examine the epidemiology of LVAD-associated infections and review current diagnostic, treatment, and management strategies. Novel evidence-based approaches to infection prevention remain critical because the number of patients receiving long-term mechanical support continues to burgeon. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639162 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639161&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000766%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines the epidemiology and microbiology of CIED infection and reviews specific host and procedural risk factors. Recent advances in the diagnosis of CIED infections and the multifaceted approach required for successful management in this complex patient population are also considered. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639161 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639160&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000791%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the pathogenesis of VGI, in particular the role of biofilms, as well as the current state of clinical management including diagnostic modalities, surgical options for treatment, antimicrobial therapy, and preventive measures. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639160 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639159&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000869%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines the epidemiology of PJI and reviews current diagnostic, treatment, and management strategies. Diagnosis can be challenging because presenting symptoms are often nonspecific and there is no simple gold standard diagnostic test. Successful treatment of PJI requires a combination of medical and surgical strategies. Given the devastating nature of PJI and the increasing numbers of TJAs performed, prevention efforts remain critical. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639159 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639158&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000845%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Catheter-acquired urinary infection is the most common device-associated healthcare-acquired infection. Although most patients are asymptomatic, symptomatic infection may occur and is associated with increased morbidity and costs. Long-term indwelling catheters are associated with more complex microbiology and greater morbidity than short-term catheters. The most effective way to prevent these infections is to restrict indwelling urinary catheter use to limited indications, and to discontinue use of a catheter as soon as feasible. Alternate means of managing bladder emptying, including external condom catheters for men and intermittent catheterization for patients with neurologic impairment of bladder emptying, should be used when possible. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North Ame... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639158 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639157&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000778%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) are one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections, resulting in significant morbidity and substantial excess cost. There is a growing recognition that most CLA-BSIs are preventable. Elimination of preventable CLA-BSI is the focus of a recently released CDC Guideline. Universal preventative measures include collaborative performance improvement using checklists and bundles, education of persons who insert and maintain catheters, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and chlorhexidine skin preparation. Technologic innovations including coated catheters, antimicrobial impregnated dressings, and antimicrobial lock solutions should be considered if the rate of CLA-BSI is not acceptable after application of universal precaut... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639157 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639156&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Each year hundreds of thousands of patients undergo implantation of various medical devices, including prosthetic joints, urinary and venous catheters, and left ventricular assist devices. Although these technologies can improve quality and sometimes even quantity of life, infection remains a potentially devastating complication. Besides significant morbidity and functional impairment, device-associated infection presents a considerable economic burden, accounting for hundreds of millions of dollars in excess health care costs. Despite improved diagnostics and an expanding antimicrobial armamentarium, successful treatment of device-associated infection remains a vital clinical challenge. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639156 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639155&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011001073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639155 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639154&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011001061%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639154 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639153&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100105X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639153 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 22:43:12 +0100 5639153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389016&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000961%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389016 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389015&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000742%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on recent studies that inform prevention and management of infections in this susceptible patient population. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389015 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389014&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000584%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article summarizes the different aspects of the relationship between mycobacterial infections and the use of various BRMs for inflammatory conditions. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389014 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389011&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000560%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article explains the rationale for development of interferons as therapeutic agents, and describes commercial products available today. It also provides a summary of studies that have been performed with interferons for use as exogenous biological response modifiers in viral infections. Overall, the best data exist for treatment of viral hepatitis B and C, for which interferons are a cornerstone of therapy. Although infections with human papillomavirus and common cold viruses sometimes respond favorably to interferons, their outcomes are far from ideal. Finally, the role of interferons as vaccine adjuvants is still being explored but could be promising. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389011 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389009&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000547%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Of the more than 20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated to combat infectious diseases (ID) that are in clinical development in 2011, most are in phase 1 or 2 and are directed against either viruses or bacterial toxins. Several high-profile anti-ID mAbs have recently failed in clinical trials. Despite the advancement in recombinant engineering technologies, anti-ID mAbs have yet to deliver on their promise as “magic bullets,” especially against nosocomial infections. A paradigm shift in favor of developing mAb combinations, which act synergistically with each other or with small molecule drugs, may be required to move the field forward. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389009 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389009 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389008&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000535%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Immunoglobulin therapy has a rich history of use in preventing and treating infectious diseases; however, clinical data on the efficacy of immunoglobulin is lacking for many infectious diseases. Immunoglobulin therapy is routinely used in postexposure prophylaxis for bacterial infections, including tetanus, botulism, and diphtheria, and viral infections, including hepatitis A and B and varicella. Immunoglobulin therapy has also been used in many severe and life-threatening infections where treatments are limited, including toxic shock syndrome, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and cytomegalovirus infection. The authors review the evidence for the use of immunoglobulin therapy in common adult infectious diseases. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389008 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389008 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389006&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000511%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses endogenous biological response modifiers (ie, naturally occurring immunomodulators as a part of the host immune system), which play vital roles as regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389006 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389003&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000596%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Biological response modifiers (BRMs) are often discussed with a narrow focus on the “biological therapies,” ie, the pharmacologically administered form of cytokines, eg, interferon or antagonists of cytokines, eg, tumor necrosis factor blocking agents. In conceptualizing this issue of Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America, my focus was first and foremost, to make available to the readers a reference with up-to-date information on the endogenously produced BRM and their role in disease pathogenesis as well as in host defense, both of which determine the outcomes. These have been covered very well Khardori; Masihi and Schäfer; Mullangi and colleagues; and Sundareshan and colleagues. The second focus was on broadening the definition of BRMs particularly from the infectious disease... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389003 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389002&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100095X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389002 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389001&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389001 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389000&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000936%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389000 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 12:09:33 +0100 5389000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389005&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The conventional treatment of infectious agents is increasingly encountering antimicrobial resistance. This resistance has led to an intense search for novel treatment modalities for infectious diseases. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activity of chemokines has been instrumental in the rational design of anti–human immunodeficiency virus chemokine drugs. The immune-based therapies, in combination with antimicrobial drugs, for viral hepatitis have attracted much attention. Recognition of toll-like receptors by synthetic immunomodulators is used for certain viral infections. New methodologies have the potential to identify novel targets and foster the development of individually tailored immunomodulatory drug treatments. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of Nort... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389005 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389004&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000493%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) are substances that occur naturally in the body. They can also be manufactured in the laboratory and then administered as targeted therapy. Undoubtedly BRMs will find expanded role in terminal illness like cancer where other therapies have failed. However, great caution must be exercised in prescribing these agents in chronic indolent diseases where potential for ultimate harm might outweigh short-term benefits. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389004 Mon, 26 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389013&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000602%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained fatigue that lasts for at least 6 months with a constellation of other symptoms. Most cases start suddenly, and are usually accompanied by a flu-like illness. It is a symptom-based diagnosis of exclusion, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. Studies have examined and hypothesized about the possible biomedical and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, including genetic predisposition, infections, endocrine abnormalities, and immune dysfunction and psychological and psychosocial factors. Recently, the AISA (autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants) syndrome was recognized, indicating the possible contribution of adjuvants and vaccines to the development of autoimmunity. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics o... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389013 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389012&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000572%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the host’s response to infection involves a series of cascading events that mobilize a series of mediators involving the immune system, complement, and the coagulation cascade. Although the initial focus of mediators is to limit infection, this cascade may run amok and cause the development of hypotension, vascular instability, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, leading to morbidity and mortality in the host. Several therapeutic trials have focused on the modulation of these mediators, but use of recombinant human activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis is the only one that has shown a benefit in clinical trials. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389012 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389010&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000559%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article summarizes the evidence supporting the accepted clinical uses of the myeloid CSFs in patients with congenital or chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and presents an overview of proposed and emerging uses of the CSFs for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in other immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patient populations. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389010 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389010 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5389007&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000523%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews several uses of immunomodulating properties of vaccines, both old and new, with a focus on cancer and autoimmune diseases. Special emphasis is placed on the historical aspects and current applications of the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, the first vaccine to be used in cancer immunotherapy. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5389007 Mon, 12 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5389007 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197099&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000705%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197099 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197098&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infectious diseases remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Affordable effective drugs and diagnostics are critical for patient management and disease control but the development of new drugs and diagnostics is too slow to keep up with the emergence and spread of infectious diseases around the world. Innovative collaborative research and development involving disease endemic countries and developed countries are urgently needed to accelerate progress along the path from discovery to product adoption. These emerging approaches and the need for increased investment in human and financial resources to support them are discussed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197098 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197097&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000353%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Functional laboratory systems are a key component of country health care systems. Laboratory strengthening in resource-limited countries has been supported by disease-specific vertical programs that have focused on laboratory methods, procedures, and supplies for a country program, and providing training in performing tests. A health systems focus requires attention to regulations, management of national systems, national approaches to quality assurance, and education of laboratory scientists. An immediate focus of resources on the components required for a functioning system and continued technical support will enable countries to assume responsibility for their country-specific needs and improve their capability to address international responsibilities. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clin... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197097 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197096&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article provides evidence that basic science research and education should be key priorities for global health training, capacity building, and practice. Currently, there are tremendous gaps between strong science education and research in developed countries (the North) as compared to developing countries (the South). In addition, science research and education appear as low priorities in many developing countries. The need to stress basic science research beyond the typical investment of infectious disease basic service and research laboratories in developing areas is significant in terms of the benefits, not only to education, but also for economic strengthening and development of human resources. There are some indications that appreciation of basic science research education and ... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197096 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197095&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000481%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines how injury and violence relate to global health using recent global burden of disease data and selected key studies and databases, and further explores risk factors and intervention initiatives that address unintentional and intentional injuries. The article serves as a call to action to enhance understanding of the growing burden of injury and violence, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, where more than 90% of injuries occur. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197095 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197093&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000420%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the current successes in providing access to medicine for treatment of a multitude of neglected diseases, and the opportunities to achieve global equality in health. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197093 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197092&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197092 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197091&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000390%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Poverty and infectious diseases interact in complex ways. Casting destitution as intractable, or epidemics that afflict the poor as accidental, erroneously exonerates us from responsibility for caring for those most in need. Adequately addressing communicable diseases requires a biosocial appreciation of the structural forces that shape disease patterns. Most health interventions in resource-poor settings could garner support based on cost/benefit ratios with appropriately lengthy time horizons to capture the return on health investments and an adequate accounting of externalities; however, such a calculus masks the suffering of inaction and risks eroding the most powerful incentive to act: redressing inequality. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197091 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197090&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000419%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Diplomacy and health are in a period of rapid transition, so this article elaborates on the complex multilevel, multiactor negotiation processes that shape and manage the global policy environment for health. It explores the dynamic relationship between health and foreign policy and provides examples from the national, regional, and global levels. Reflecting on the deliberations in different international bodies, it discusses key questions and opportunities that could contribute to moving forward both health and peace agendas. The concluding remarks draw attention to the importance of bridging the capacity gap. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197090 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197088&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000183%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Competency specification and competency-based education (CBE) are increasingly being viewed as essential for optimizing educational outcomes for the next generation of global health workers. An overview is provided of this movement in graduate health professions education in the United States, the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH) contributions to advancing and researching related CBE processes and best practices, and the evolving ASPH competency model for graduate global health education. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197088 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197087&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000626%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this article, the authors review recent global health activities in the United Kingdom in several defined areas: UK government and international aid, role of UK academic and other institutions in international partnerships, and undergraduate and postgraduate training opportunities. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197087 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197086&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000407%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Developmental strategies over the last 4 decades have generally tended to transfer knowledge and technology along north–south axes as trickle-down theories in development, especially in health knowledge transfers, prevailed. Limited efforts in development assistance for health (DAH) were made to promote south-south cooperation for basic health needs. Globalization with increased educational networks and development health assistance has enhanced the potential for more effective south-south partnerships for health. The stages of development in a consortium and key catalysts in the metamorphosis to a south-south partnership are identified: leadership, resources, expertise, visibility participation, and dynamism of a critical mass of young professionals. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197086 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197085&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100047X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the US National Institutes of Health has supported long-term training and research for more than 3600 future leaders in science and public health from low-income and middle-income countries; tens of thousands more persons have received short-term training. More than 23 extramural training and research programs plus an intramural program are now operating. Newer FIC training programs are addressing chronic, noncommunicable diseases and strengthening the quality of medical schools and health care provider training. Most FIC trainees return to their countries of origin, where they mentor and train thousands of individuals in their home countries. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197085 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197084&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000456%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The creation of the University of California Global Health Institute represents a paradigm shift in structure and function. Its 3 centers of expertise (Migration and Health, One Health, and Women's Health and Empowerment) not only involve all 10 of the University of California campuses but also bring together a wide range of disciplines from both the health and nonhealth sciences. They have created truly interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary programs that are addressing complex global health challenges of the twenty-first century, training future global health leaders, and forging international academic partnerships. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197084 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197083&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000365%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Chronic and infectious diseases, including health care-associated infections and tropical diseases, represent a large portion of the global health burden. Solutions need to be found while addressing other health priorities identified by the Millennium Development Goals. A number of organizations and initiatives have been created to meet this need. Developing countries in Latin America and several African countries are taking a larger role in the development of robust health systems, capacity building, and education. Integrated, efficient, and equitable health systems that incorporate primary, secondary, and tertiary care models with a research focus are critically needed to fill this void. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197083 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197082&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000614%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this second volume of Global Health, Global Health Education, and Infectious Disease: The New Millennium, thought leaders and opinion makers in global health continue the dialogue and discuss their experiences and visions for global health, global health education, research service, development, policy, and diplomacy to achieve Health for All in an equitable manner. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197082 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197081&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000699%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197081 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197080&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000687%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197080 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197079&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000675%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197079 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5197089&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000377%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the nature of the health challenges created by globalization and proposes new forms of international cooperation to confront them. The discussion of global health challenges includes both the transfer of health risks, with an emphasis on infectious diseases, and the international dissemination of health opportunities, including the transfer of knowledge and technology. The authors argue that the health-related challenges and opportunities of an increasingly interdependent world demand new forms of international cooperation. The authors suggest the promotion of 3 elements that, in their essence, contain the idea of collaboration: exchange, evidence, and empathy. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5197089 Sun, 03 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5197089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878212&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000274%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878212 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:53 +0100 4878212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878211&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000055%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews international agreements, looking specifically at multilateral instruments or partnerships, to identify those that either directly focus on or encompass health. It defines the different types of agreements, describes the process through which governments enter into these agreements, evaluates the legality of agreements under international law, and assesses participation by member states. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878211 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878210&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000171%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews how globalization is a key driver for the ongoing evolution of global health governance. It describes the massive increases in bilateral and multilateral investments in global health and it highlights the current global and US architecture for performing global health programs. The article closes describing some of the challenges and prospects that characterize global health governance today. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878210 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878209&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000110%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the health status of Mexican immigrants in the United States including their access to health care, health disparities, and the social determinants of health among this population, with a focus on the health of women and children. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878209 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878208&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000146%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Medical education in sub-Saharan Africa must be defined by its health needs and the health care services required. The sociodemographic milieu that determines the disease pattern makes a compelling case for primary health care in the context of community participation and multisector community development as the driver of a plan for medical education, in tandem with clinicians' role in continuity of care. Such ideas have been derived from the experience of planning for undergraduate medical education at the Aga Khan University Medical College, Nairobi, whose curriculum incorporates broad-based general education and liberal arts principles. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878208 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878206&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000092%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Expanding the capacity for clinical care and health research is a global priority and a global challenge. The Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE) was established in 2005 to provide access to high-quality training to health care providers in resource-limited settings. The CCGHE made a strategic decision to develop, use, and evaluate distance learning platforms to achieve its mission. In the initial years of this new program, several lessons have been learned that may be helpful to other programs considering the use of distance learning programs to expand global health clinical and research capacity. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878206 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878205&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000109%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article outlines its origins, principles, clinical programs, training activities, research programs, organizational structure, leadership, and contributions to Makerere University and its College of Health Sciences. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878205 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:52 +0100 4878205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878204&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000134%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article explores global health and the way in which the whole world is increasingly interdependent in terms of health. High-income countries need to help redress the balance of power and resources around the world, for self interest and self preservation if for no other reason. These countries have a particular responsibility to help support the training of more health workers and to strengthen health systems in low-income and middle-income countries. In this interdependent world, high-income countries can learn a great deal from poorer ones as well as vice versa, and concepts of mutuality and codevelopment will become increasingly important. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878204 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878203&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201100016X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the Core Competencies project undertaken by the Global Health Education Consortium and the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada’s Global Health Resource Group. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878203 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878203 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878202&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000043%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Medically underserved communities suffer a high burden of morbidity and mortality, increasing with remoteness where access to health services is limited. Major challenges are the overall shortage and maldistribution of the health workforce. There is a lack of understanding of how academic institutions can best contribute to addressing these health inequities. A new international collaborative of health professions schools, Training for Health Equity Network, is developing and disseminating evidence, challenging assumptions, and developing tools that support health profession institutions striving to meet the health and health workforce needs of underserved communities. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878202 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878201&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000067%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Global Health Education Consortium (GHEC) is a group of universities and institutions committed to improving the health and human rights of underserved populations worldwide through improved education and training of the global health workforce. In the early 1990s, GHEC brought together many of the global health programs in North America to improve competencies and curricula in global health as well as to involve member institutions in health policy, development issues, and delivery of care in the inner cities, marginalized areas, and abroad. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878201 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878201 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878199&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000079%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Approaches to health, health care, and the terminology to describe global health have evolved over the past 70 years since the introduction of the Constitution of the World Health Organization and definition of health in broader terms. The early focus on individual care gradually shifted to community, population, and global approaches, with associated changes in the site of medical care, the personnel who provide it, and the education and training of those personnel. Concomitantly, goals changed from purely curative care to disease prevention and health promotion. Health was better understood to exist within the larger political, social, cultural, and ethical settings. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878199 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878197&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000195%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Attempts to define and draw the parameters of the newly emerging field of global health and global health education began over two decades ago. For instance, in 1990, over 22 global health experts contributed to the first volume on International Health in the Infectious Disease Clinics. In 1995, 33 more experts contributed to the second volume on global health: International Health beyond the Year 2000. The second volume drew this very insightful review:“The collection of eye opening ideas contains more than visions. Thirty three excellent and expert authors have contributed 21 papers that embrace diversity of health concerns; not only with 1) basic biomedical and social sciences focused on major sets of health problems. There are papers that focus as well on 2) varied approaches to copi... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878197 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:51 +0100 4878197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878196&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000262%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878196 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:50 +0100 4878196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878195&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000250%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878195 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:50 +0100 4878195 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878194&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000249%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878194 Mon, 30 May 2011 17:33:50 +0100 4878194 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878207&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000080%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes a Pilot of the proposed program. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878207 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4878207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878200&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000158%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A vast gap exists between knowledge, generation of knowledge, and the application of knowledge to the needs and benefit of the global population. In middle-income and lower-income countries, universities are becoming more engaged with the communities in which they are located to try to solve the difficult problems of poverty and poor health. Global collaborations and reform of medical education in the twenty-first century will help move universities out of cloistered academic settings and into the community to bring the changes needed to equitably meet the health needs of all. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878200 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4878200 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4878198&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552011000122%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Growth in global health interest in the past 20 years has been overwhelming and many universities throughout the world have created departments or institutes of global health. The essence of global health has to be promoting health equity globally. The global health agenda must embrace design of mixed health systems, involving both private and public components to address the emerging threat of noncommunicable diseases and existing communicable diseases as well as to reduce health inequity. The priority agenda for the twenty-first century is challenging but the improvements of the past give hope that the barriers to improving global health are surmountable. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4878198 Sun, 17 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4878198 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466285&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001108%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466285 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:25:00 +0100 4466285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466282&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000098X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents has detrimental effects on patients, the health care system, and society. Inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to the rising cost of health care, the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms, and adverse drug reactions. Antimicrobial stewardship programs provide standard, evidence-based approaches to encourage judicious use of antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes the goals of antimicrobial stewardship programs, the members needed to initiate and sustain them, antimicrobial stewardship strategies, barriers to the implementation and maintenance of the programs, approaches to measure their effects, and the basic steps needed to initiate them. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466282 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:25:00 +0100 4466282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466281&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000978%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on the epidemiology, transmission, and control of health care–associated RSV and influenza virus. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466281 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466280&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000905%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the current epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in adult patients, with an emphasis on invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis. Recently published recommendations and guidelines for the control and prevention of these nosocomial fungal infections are summarized. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466280 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466278&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000899%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Different approaches to the control of this pathogen have met with varying degrees of success in different health care settings. Controversies exist with regards to various MRSA control strategies. The implementation and outcomes of control measures depend on several factors, including scientific, economic, administrative, governmental, and political influences. It is clear that flexibility to adapt and institute these measures in the context of local epidemiology and resources is required. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466278 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466277&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000917%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Surgical site infections (SSIs) lead to adverse patient outcomes, including prolonged hospitalization and death. Wound contamination occurs with each incision, but proven strategies exist to decrease the risk of SSIs. In particular, improved adherence to evidence-based preventative measures related to appropriate antimicrobial prophylaxis can decrease the rate of SSI. Aggressive surgical debridement and effective antimicrobial therapy are needed to optimize the treatment of SSIs. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466277 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466274&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000991%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Approximately 80,000 central venous line–associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSI) occur in the United States each year. CLA-BSI is most commonly caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. These organisms commonly gain entrance in into the bloodstream via the catheter-skin interface (insertion site) or via the catheter hub. Use of strict aseptic technique for insertion is the key method for the prevention of CLA-BSI. Various methods can be used to reduce unacceptably high rates of CLA-BSI, including use of an antiseptic- or antibiotic-impregnated catheter, daily chlorhexidine baths/washes, and placement of a chlorhexidine-impregnated sponge over the insertion site. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North Amer... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466274 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466274 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466273&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000966%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines new technologies for sterilization and high-level disinfection of critical and semicritical items, respectively, and because semicritical items carry the greatest risk of infection, the authors discuss reprocessing semicritical items such as endoscopes and automated endoscope reprocessors, endocavitary probes, prostate biopsy probes, tonometers, laryngoscopes, and infrared coagulation devices. In addition, current issues and practices associated with environmental cleaning are reviewed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466273 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466273 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466271&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000942%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the structure and responsibilities of an infection control program and the regulatory pressures and opportunities the program faces. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466271 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466270&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001029%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infection prevention and control has grown and changed significantly since it first became nationally recognized in the early 1970s. Initially, infection control was focused on occupational health and infection surveillance in the hospital. More recently, there has been a growing emphasis on prevention and process in the hospital and also in a multitude of other health care settings. Over the past few years there has been an increased recognition of the quality and cost implications associated with health care–associated infections. Now more than ever infection prevention has been thrust into the spotlight with regards to patient safety, financial accountability, and regulatory readiness. While individual textbooks, articles, and other resources are available to address questions and iss... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466270 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466269&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001091%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466269 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466268&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000108X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466268 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466267&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001078%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466267 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 17:24:59 +0100 4466267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466284&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000954%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes With the changing health care delivery, patients receive care at various settings, including acute care hospitals, skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and ambulatory clinics, thus becoming exposed to pathogens. Various health care settings face unique challenges requiring individualized infection control programs. The programs in SNFs should address surveillance for infections and antimicrobial resistance, outbreak investigation and control plan for epidemics, isolation precautions, hand hygiene, staff education, and employee and resident health programs. In ambulatory clinics, the program should address triage and standard transmission-based precautions; cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization principles; surveillance in surgical clinics; safe injection practices; and bioterrorism and di... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466284 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466283&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001005%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Increasing amounts of hospital data are available electronically and offer new possibilities in performing surveillance for health care–associated infections. To use electronic information effectively, health care epidemiologists need to be aware of potential sources of data, issues with data integrity, and the trade-offs in using electronic data for surveillance as opposed to traditional manual surveillance. In reality, a combined surveillance approach may provide the best possible result. A clear understanding of the epidemiologic principles, such as prevalence and incidence, and some of the nuances behind these principles are essential for the proper interpretation of the epidemiologic data. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466283 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466279&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000930%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on relevant infection control measures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections, and Clostridium difficile. Common control strategies targeting these pathogens are reviewed and opportunities for research and more effective deployment of existing tools are highlighted. When there is less extensive evidence available from the published literature, the experience with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is discussed as it might apply to other pathogens. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466279 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466276&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010001017%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews infection prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of HAP. Successful implementation of these prevention strategies usually requires a multidisciplinary approach and standardization of protocols. This article also discusses strategies to prevent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within health care settings. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466276 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466275&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000929%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for approximately 40% of all health care-associated infections. Despite studies showing benefit of interventions for prevention of CAUTI, adoption of these practices has not occurred in many healthcare facilities in the United States. As urinary catheters account for the majority of healthcare-associated UTIs, the most important interventions are directed at avoiding placement of urinary catheters and promoting early removal when appropriate. Alternatives to indwelling catheters such as intermittent catheterization and condom catheters should be considered. If indwelling catheterization is appropriate, proper aseptic practices for catheter insertion and maintenance and use of a closed catheter collection system are essential for... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466275 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466275 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4466272&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000887%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The toll of health care–associated infections on patients and the seeming ease of the procedure thought best able to prevent them have focused a spotlight onto hand hygiene performance. Poor performance of hand hygiene by health care workers inspires outrage in the general public. Much is understood regarding barriers to and motivators of hand hygiene performance. Guidelines encouraging use of alcohol-based hand hygiene agents have facilitated hand hygiene improvement efforts. These efforts and evidence that improved hand hygiene performance is associated with a reduction in health care–associated infections should encourage those in the hand hygiene campaigns. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4466272 Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4466272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254707&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000826%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254707 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254706&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000723%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes There are a vast number of infectious agents that are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases. The epidemiology of GI diseases is changing, with a greater number of conditions increasing in incidence. Challenges exist with establishing cause-and-effect relationships because of the ubiquitous nature of these organisms and the milieu in which they exist. Advances in technology should provide novel methods for identifying and diagnosing these organisms and the relationship they have with a specific digestive disease. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254706 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254705&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000644%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the various microbes that have been associated with the development of colorectal carcinomas. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254705 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254704&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000067X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The pathologic spectrum of the inflamed appendix encompasses a wide range of infectious entities, some with specific histologic findings, and others with nonspecific findings that may require an extensive diagnostic evaluation. The appendix is exclusively involved in some of these disorders, and in others may be involved through extension from other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses the pathologic features of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections affecting the appendix, including adenovirus; cytomegalovirus; Yersinia, Actinomyces, Mycobacterium, or Histoplasma species; Enterobius vermicularis; schistosomiasis; and Strongyloides stercoralis. Pertinent ancillary diagnostic techniques and the clinical context and significance of the various infections are... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254704 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254703&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000632%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Microbes that reside in the human intestinal tract and interact with immune and epithelial cells are strongly implicated as causative or predisposing agents of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies using metagenomic approaches have revealed differences in the fecal and mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with IBD, but it remains unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of chronic intestinal inflammation. A few microbes have been singled out as candidate pathogens in IBD and remain the subject of ongoing study. Complex imbalances in gut bacterial community structure and/or deficiencies in their functional capabilities may be a greater issue in IBD development. A more complete understanding of host-microbiota interactions in IBD is hampered by several remaining but surm... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254703 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254703 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254702&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000607%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a symptom complex characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort, and accompanied by abnormal bowel habits, in the absence of any discernible organic abnormality. Its origin remains unclear, partly because multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms are likely to be involved. A significant proportion of patients develop IBS symptoms after an episode of gastrointestinal infection. In addition to gastrointestinal pathogens, recent evidence suggests that patients with IBS have abnormal composition and higher temporal instability of their intestinal microbiota. Because the intestinal microbiota is an important determinant of normal gut function and immunity, this instability may constitute an additional mechanism that leads to symptom generation and IBS. Mor... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254702 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254701&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000620%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Despite the current increase in interest in the role of the microbiota in health and disease and the recognition, for over 50 years, that an excess of colonic-type flora in the small intestine could lead to a malabsorption syndrome, small intestinal overgrowth remains poorly defined. This lack of clarity owes much to the difficulties that arise in attempting to arrive at consensus with regard to the diagnosis of this condition: there is currently no gold standard and the commonly available methodologies (the culture of jejunal aspirates and a variety of breath tests) suffer from considerable variations in their performance and interpretation, leading to variations in the prevalence of overgrowth in a variety of clinical contexts. Treatment is similarly supported by a scant evidence base an... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254701 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254700&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000668%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the pathophysiologic mechanisms of acute pancreatitis and describes clinical pathways for diagnosis and management based on the current literature and guidelines. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254700 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254699&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000590%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the epidemiology, cause, prevention, clinical manifestations, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment approach for HCC. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254699 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254698&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000589%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infections of the gastrointestinal tract can often involve the gallbladder. Infection probably plays a role in the formation of gallstones but is more commonly thought to contribute to acute illness in patients. Acute calculous cholecystitis caused by an impacted gallstone is often complicated by secondary bacterial infection and is a major cause of morbidity and even mortality in patients. A wide variety of organisms can be associated with acute acalculous cholecystitis, a less common but potentially more severe form of acute cholecystitis. This review focuses on infections and their role in the above-mentioned processes involving the gallbladder. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254698 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254697&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000619%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Cholangiocarcinomas are rare malignant tumors whose incidence is increasing worldwide. Risk factors for this malignancy include both infectious and non-infectious diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the bile duct epithelia. Diagnosis of these cancers remains difficult because of the lack of sensitive diagnostic tests. The prognosis is poor probably because of the lack of effective treatments for unresectable cancer. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254697 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254696&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000656%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The role of infectious agents and chronic inflammation in carcinogenesis is being increasingly recognized. It has been estimated that about 18% of cancers are directly linked to infections, particularly gastric adenocarcinoma (Helicobacter pylori), cervical carcinoma (human papilloma viruses), and hepatocarcinoma (hepatitis B and C viruses). Multiple clinical trials of COX-2 inhibitors and other antiinflammatory agents have shown a beneficial effect on the development of diverse tumors, such as those of the colon, stomach, prostate, and breast. However, their mechanism of action is not completely understood and may differ among the infectious agents and tumor types. Because gastric adenocarcinomas account for more than 90% of all gastric malignancies, this review focuses on adenocarcinomas... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254696 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254695&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000711%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes There are very few data linking infectious agents and esophageal cancer. There are conflicting data for some viruses, notably human papillomavirus, but very few data for bacteria, parasites, fungi, or yeast. Esophageal cancer is increasing in Western countries and the reasons for this remain unknown. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254695 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254694&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000747%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. ∼Henry Adams I would like to dedicate this issue of the Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America to my friend and first mentor, Dr Harold M. Lukse, MBBS, FRCPA (). I first met Harry when I was 15 years old while I was undertaking a high school work experience program where I was fortunate enough to spend two weeks in the local hospital pathology laboratory. Two weeks turned into 10 years. All aspects of pathology intrigued me, but I was particularly interested in clinical microbiology and histopathology. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254694 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254693&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000735%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times” and so it goes with infections associated with gastrointestinal disease. While advances are being made in some areas such as diagnostic technology (eg, molecular techniques), major limitations remain in controlling and preventing infections associated with gastrointestinal diseases. The prime example is infective diarrhea, which has been and unfortunately remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children, especially those under the age of 5 years and particularly in developing countries around the world. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254693 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254692&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000814%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254692 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254691&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000802%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254691 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4254690&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000796%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4254690 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4254690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810304&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810304 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810303&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000565%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses drug resistance in herpesviruses and hepatitis B. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810303 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810302&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000334%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Recent developments in rapid diagnostics for respiratory infections have mostly occurred in the areas of antigen and nucleic acid detection. Nucleic acid amplification tests have improved the ability to identify respiratory viruses in clinical specimens and have played pivotal roles in the rapid characterization of new viral pathogens. Antigen-detection assays in immunochromatographic or similar formats are most easily developed as near-patient tests, although they have been developed commercially only for a limited range of respiratory pathogens. New approaches for respiratory pathogen detection are needed, and breath analysis is an exciting area with enormous potential. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810302 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810301&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000358%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are generally hardy, ubiquitous environmental bacteria that vary in geographic distribution and pulmonary pathogenicity. Relatively few of the more than 115 species of NTM have been associated with lung disease. Diagnosis of disease due to NTM relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and microbiologic data. Because NTM may present as acid-fast bacilli in respiratory secretions of patients with clinical and radiologic features that mimic tuberculosis, laboratory discrimination of NTM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a priority. This discrimination is now often rapidly achievable using molecular techniques, although some tests have limited sensitivity. NTM species have different antibiotic response patterns, and success with medical treatment alone va... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810301 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810300&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines the current and possible future status of TB in the elderly, focusing on epidemiology, risk factors, preventive treatment strategies, and clinical disease. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810300 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810299&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000310%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews important concepts, challenges, and management principles related to childhood TB; it also summarizes the main priorities for future research. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810299 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810298&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000437%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews the insights provided by clinical and molecular epidemiology regarding global trends and transmission dynamics of XDR-TB, and the challenges clinicians have to face in diagnosing and managing cases of XDR-TB. The ethical and management dilemmas posed by recurrent defaulters, XDR-TB treatment failures, and isolation of incurable patients are also discussed. Given the past global trends in MDR-TB, if aggressive preventive and management strategies are not implemented, XDR-TB has the potential to severely cripple global control efforts of TB. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810298 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810297&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000395%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes At the beginning of the 21st century, we are facing the convergence of several epidemics. These include tobacco smoking, tuberculosis, HIV infection, influenza, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These epidemics interact by way of increasing disease susceptibility and worsening outcomes. To control these interacting epidemics, we need to better understand each infection and how it influences the others. Multifaceted approaches will be necessary to reduce the impact on those in developing nations most likely to be affected by the convergence of all epidemics. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810297 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810297 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810296&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000371%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The understanding of the infection risks posed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists has continued to evolve in the 10 years since these drugs first were introduced. Recent prospective studies have confirmed the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation posed by TNF antibodies to be several fold greater than soluble TNF receptor. Certolizumab pegol, a monovalent anti-TNF Fab' fragment, appears to share this risk, despite its lack of Fc and its inability to cross-link transmembrane TNF or activate complement. Two-step (boosted) tuberculin skin test screening and initiation of treatment for latent TB infection can greatly reduce the TB risk of anti-TNF treatment in western countries. Current recommendations for withdrawal of anti-TNF therapy when TB is diagnosed place patients at risk for ... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810296 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:07 +0100 3810296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810295&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000401%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Occupational pulmonary infectious diseases include tuberculosis (TB) and many viral pathogens, including influenza, coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS), varicella, respiratory syncytial virus, and hantavirus. This review focuses on TB, influenza, and SARS, because the published literature is extensive for these 3 infections. The lessons from these 3 are relevant for all nosocomial pulmonary infectious diseases. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810295 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810294&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000346%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Pneumonia is the most common infection that is the leading cause of death. The increasing antimicrobial resistance in major respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria has severely restricted the treatment options. Respiratory infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are associated with a greater likelihood of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and poor clinical outcome. Especially, treatment of infections caused by pandrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria is a major challenge. Continuous efforts to control the global spread of drug-resistant bacteria are essential. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810294 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810293&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000036X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly infectious disease with a significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory failure is the major complication, and patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Health care workers are particularly vulnerable to SARS. SARS has the potential of being converted from droplet to airborne transmission. There is currently no proven effective treatment of SARS, so early recognition, isolation, and stringent infection control are the key to controlling this highly contagious disease. Horseshoe bats are implicated in the emergence of novel coronavirus infection in humans. Further studies are needed to examine host genetic markers that may predict clinical outcome. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810293 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810292&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000280%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article summarizes some of the findings from such investigations, including recommendations for the management of patients infected with this newly emerged pathogen. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810292 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810291&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000292%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Many lung infestations from established and newly emerging parasites have been reported as a result of the emergence of HIV/AIDS, the increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs, increasing organ transplantations, the increase in global travel, and climate change. A renewed interest in parasitic lung infections has been observed recently because many protozoal and helminthic parasites cause clinically significant lung diseases. The diseases caused by these parasites may mimic common and complicated lung diseases ranging from asymptomatic disease to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring critical care management. The availability of new molecular diagnostic methods and antiparasitic drugs enables early diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid the morbidity and mortality associated with ... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810291 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810290&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000309%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article provides an overview of endemic mycoses and other emerging fungal pulmonary infections. Recent developments in terms of the diagnosis and clinical management of these infections are also discussed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810290 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810289&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000322%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses the emerging bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory infections in transplantation. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810289 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810288&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Respiratory infections are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As we enter the twenty-first century, several landmark events are unfolding in the area of respiratory infections. Some of these, by assuming the form of formidable disasters, have abruptly claimed lives and led to economic loss. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and bird and swine influenza. Viral and bacterial resistance to currently available antimicrobial drugs is thwarting efforts in the management of influenza and pulmonary sepsis. Newer and emerging viral lung infections are seen more frequently in clinical practice, including post-transplant viral infections other than cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. The frequency and diversity of serious fungal infections ... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810288 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810287&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810287 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:06 +0100 3810287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810286&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Several typographical errors appeared in “Antiviral Drug Resistance: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications” by Lynne Strasfeld, MD, and Sunwen Chou, MD in the June 2010 issue, Volume 24, Number 2. The corrected article is reprinted in full in the current issue (September 2010, Volume 24, Number 3) beginning on page 809. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810286 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:05 +0100 3810286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810285&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810285 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:05 +0100 3810285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3810284&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000486%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3810284 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 06:55:05 +0100 3810284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561916&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000243%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561916 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561915&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000005X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article focuses on advances in the area of vaccinology for some of these infections and in the use of adoptive immunotherapy. At present, many of these approaches in transplant recipients have focused on infections such as human cytomegalovirus, but the opportunity to use these examples as proof of concept for other infections is discussed. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561915 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561914&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Infections are frequently transmitted through solid-organ and, to a lesser extent, stem cell transplantation. There are 2 major types of donor-derived infections that are transmitted: those that would be expected secondary to donor and recipient screening (ie, transmission of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or toxoplasmosis from a seropositive donor to a seronegative recipient) and those that are unexpected despite routine donor screening (ie, human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus transmitted from a seronegative donor). Expected transmissions occur frequently and screening and prophylaxis strategies are applied to at-risk individuals in nearly all transplant centers globally. Several high profile donor-derived infectious disease transmissions have been recognized; these ... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561914 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561913&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Parasitic infections are an uncommon but potentially severe complication in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. An increase in donors who have emigrated from tropical areas and more transplant recipients traveling to endemic areas have led to a rise in parasitic infections reported among SOT recipients. Clinicians should include these infections in their differential diagnosis and promote adherence to preventive measures in SOT recipients. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561913 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561912&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article highlights recent advances and important factors to consider when treating transplant and oncology patients with IFIs. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561912 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561911&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article discusses drug resistance in herpesviruses and hepatitis B. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561911 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561910&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000085%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article describes the current knowledge about respiratory viral infections as it relates to solid organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and oncology settings. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561910 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561909&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The herpes viruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases in patients following transplant, resulting from direct viral effects and indirect effects, including tumor promotion. Effective treatments and prophylaxis exist for the neurotropic herpes viruses HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, and possibly HHV-6. Antivirals seem to be less effective at prevention of the tumor-promoting effects of Epstein-Barr virus and HHV-8. Reduction in immunosuppression is the cornerstone to treatment of many diseases associated with herpes virus infections. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561909 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561908&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000140%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Acute rejection episodes are an important risk factor for the functional deterioration of solid-organ transplants. With more intense immunosuppressive protocols, the rate of acute rejection episodes has significantly declined in the last decade, but long-term graft function and graft survival are challenged by increasing viral complications. In this article, recent data on the role of adenovirus, polyomavirus BK and JC, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus-6 and -7, and parvovirus B19 on the long-term outcome of kidney transplantation are reviewed. An update on the pathophysiology of smoldering viral replication, associated inflammatory damage, and the presumed indirect viral effects is provided, and the implications for diagnostic tests and antiviral intervention are discussed. (Source: Inf... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561908 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561907&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000097%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article examines the clinical manifestations of and risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Prevention of CMV infection and disease are also explored. Antiviral resistance and management of CMV are examined. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561907 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:19 +0100 3561907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561906&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000127%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes This article reviews some of the major concepts regarding infections that complicate pediatric transplantation, highlighting differences in epidemiology, evaluation, treatment and prevention for children compared with adult recipients. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561906 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561905&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000073%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The armamentarium of biologic therapies targeting specific elements of the immune system is rapidly expanding. This review describes the spectrum of infectious complications associated to date with each of the immunomodulating biologic therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561905 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561904&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000061%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The nature of infections after solid-organ transplantation has changed with increasingly potent immunosuppressive regimens, routine use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, and improved microbiologic diagnostic tools. New pathogens have been identified in this population including many with significant antimicrobial resistance. Intensification of immunosuppressive regimens, including the use of T- and B-lymphocyte depleting agents, presents an increased risk for infection and requires linkage to microbiologic monitoring and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. The effect of these regimens is reflected in the increased recognition of viral and fungal infections beyond 1 year after transplantation. Donor-derived infections represent a challenge to organ transplantation in terms of microbio... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561904 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561903&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for multiple medical conditions that result in bone marrow failure and as an antineoplastic adoptive immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. HSCT is associated with profound compromises in host barriers and all arms of innate and acquired immunity. The degree of immune compromise varies by type of transplant and over time. Immune reconstitution occurs within several months after autologous HSCT but takes up to a year or longer after allogeneic HSCT. In those patients who develop chronic graft-versus-host disease, immune reconstitution may take years or may never completely develop. Over time, with strengthening immune reconstitution and control of graft-versus-host disease, the risk for infection dissipates. (Source: Infecti... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561903 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561902&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000164%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The 50-year anniversaries of solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have recently been celebrated. Transplantation represents one of the true modern advances in medicine, presenting new and effective treatments for organ and bone marrow failure and neoplastic disorders. For discoveries of transplantation, the two pioneers—Dr Joseph Murray and Dr E. Donnall Thomas—won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1990. In the 2 decades since then, treatment of oncologic disorders has evolved, with therapies ranging from cytotoxic drugs to more targeted therapies; the importance of new contributions was underscored in October 2009, with modern pioneers (Brian Druker, Nicholas Lydon, and Charles Sawyers) winning the Lasker Awards for discovery of novel targe... Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561902 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561902 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561901&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000231%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561901 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561901 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561900&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155201000022X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561900 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561900 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3561899&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0891552010000218%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3561899 Fri, 14 May 2010 13:27:18 +0100 3561899 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3289454&cid=s_33230_20_f&fid=33230&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.id.theclinics.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089155200900110X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America) Infectious Diseases Clinics of North America journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3289454 Sat, 20 Feb 2010 14:35:43 +0100 3289454