MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Immunopharmacology' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 06:42:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624441&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266276%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our results indicate RelB shRNA transfection of DCs can induce the immature status, and produce tolerogenic DCs. PMID: 22266276 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624441 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624445&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22265969%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to examine the molecular mechanism of the inflammatory responses caused by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and the effects of erythromycin (EM) on CSE-induced HDAC protein expression in human macrophages in vitro. The cells were preincubated with EM and were then exposed to CSE. Levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity was assessed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. HDAC activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit, and Western blotting was used for HDAC1, -2, -3 and NF-κB protein expression assays. The results showed that CSE causes decreases in HDAC activity and HDAC1, -2, -3 levels and upregulates NF-κB activity, resulting in increase... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624445 Wed, 18 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624443&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266065%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated berberine's effects on serum glucose levels using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice that spontaneously develop T1D. The NOD mice were randomly divided into four groups, administered water with 50, 150, and 500mg berberine/kg bw, respectively, through 14weeks. ICR mice were also selected as a species control group to compare with the NOD mice. Changes in body weight, oral glucose challenge, and serum glucose levels were determined to identify the protective effect of berberine on T1D. After the 14-week oral supplementation, berberine decreased fasting serum glucose levels in NOD mice close to the levels in normal ICR mice in a dose dependent manner. Serum berberine levels showed a significantly (P<0.05) negative and non-linear correlation with fasting glucose levels i... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624443 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624442&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22266066%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chung MJ, Park JK, Park YI Abstract The anti-inflammatory effects of low-molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides (LM-COS) prepared from high-molecular weight chitosan by enzymatic digestion were investigated against allergic reaction and allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways associated with enhanced degranulation and cytokine generation. The LM-COS (<1kDa), consisting of glucosamine (GlcN)(n), n=3-5, were capable of inhibiting both antigen-stimulated degranulation and cytokine generation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. The protective effect of LM-COS against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation in asthma model mice was also examined. Oral administration of LM-COS (16mg/kg body weight/day) result... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624442 Tue, 17 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624453&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22251871%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we aimed to study the effects of LF on ALI caused by LPS in mice. At 1h before or after LPS injection, an intraperitoneal injection of LF (5mg/body) was administered. Lung specimens and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were isolated for histopathological examinations and biochemical analyses 12h after LPS exposure. We found that both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of LF significantly decreased the W/D ratio of the lung and protein concentration in the BALF. LF significantly reduced the pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity and the number of total cells in the BALF 12h after LPS challenge. LF treatment markedly attenuated lung edema, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory cells infiltration. Moreover, LF also decreased the production of TNF-α and increased int... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624453 Sat, 14 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624459&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245428%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Venet F, Monneret G PMID: 22245428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624459 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624456&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245971%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Castro SB, Rezende CO, Alves CC, Dias AT, Alves LL, Mazzoccoli L, Mesquita FP, Figueiredo NS, Juliano MA, Castañon MC, Gameiro J, Almeida MV, Teixeira HC, Ferreira AP Abstract Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a murine autoimmune disease used to study multiple sclerosis (MS), a human inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Genistein, an isoflavonoid phytoestrogenic compound found in soy, is known to reverse clinical signs of EAE. Although genistein has some potential in clinical application, it has some disadvantages related to its chemical structure, such as rapid in vivo metabolism and a fast decline in serum after oral administration. The present work investigates the treatment of EAE by using 7-O-tetradecanoyl-genistein (TDG)... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624456 Thu, 12 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624461&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22244821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen WP, Wang YL, Tang JL, Hu PF, Bao JP, Wu LD Abstract It is well known that the inflammatory cytokines play important roles in osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of morin in chondrocytes. The nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by Griess method, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production was detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. In addition, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to investigate the protein level of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB-α) and the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). For the in vivo ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624461 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624458&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245429%26dopt%3DAbstract This study is the first demonstration of a synergistic anti-tumor effect between FL and antibody therapeutics. PMID: 22245429 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624458 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624457&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245430%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Donadello K, Taccone FS PMID: 22245430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624457 Wed, 11 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624460&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22245427%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shannon E, Sandoval F, Greig N, Stagg P Abstract Lenalidomide (len) is an analog of thalidomide (thal), and both are used in the treatment of a diverse group of medical conditions. A common finding in this group is the detection of immunoglobulin in skin lesions, or high levels of immunoglobulin or myeloma protein in serum and urine. While their mechanism(s) of action is not known, the drugs are noted for their ability to modulate monocyte, lymphocyte, and natural killer cell functions; suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis could offer an explanation for their effectiveness in treating multiple myeloma (MM). Our objective was to determine if, on an equimolar basis, thal, len or dexamethasone (dex) could affect pokeweed (PWM)-induced synthesis of IgG, IgM and IL-2. When p... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624460 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624464&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22236485%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: You F, Ren W, Hou H, Pei L, He Z Abstract B cell activating factor (BAFF) belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family is critical to B cell survival, proliferation, maturation, and immunoglobulin secretion and to T cell activation. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of BAFF (designated bBAFF) from the bat (Vespertilio superans Thomas) was cloned using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The full-length cDNA of bBAFF consists of 986 bases including an 873bp open reading frame encoding 290 amino acids. Sequence comparison indicated that the amino acid of bBAFF possessed the TNF signature, a transmembrane domain, a putative furin protease cleavage site and three cysteine residues. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of the... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624464 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624464 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624463&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tsai KD, Chang WW, Lin CC, Hsu SC, Lee YJ, Chen W, Shieh JC, Lin TH Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) that is produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. Numerous studies have focused on the regulation of NO production by iNOS to reduce NO-mediated cytotoxicity. In the present study, we demonstrated the differential effects of two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ-induced NO production in a glomerular mesangial cell line, MES-13 cells. At dosages without affecting cell viability of MES-13 cells, 5μM LY294002 showed a more-significant inhibitory effect on LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production, and iNOS protein and gene expres... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624463 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624463 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624462&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22240123%26dopt%3DAbstract This study asks whether four times simultaneous administration through the IN and SC routes (SC+IN) of the multiantigenic formulation induces a similar systemic and mucosal immune responses than two sequential IN priming and two SC boosting (2IN&2SC) inoculations in mice. To answer this question, we tested the same total dose of each antigen per animal in both schedules of inoculation. We found that SC+IN and 2IN&2SC coadministration induced comparable levels of CR3(HIV)-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells and CD8+ cells proliferation in the systemic compartment of animals. Consistent with these findings, a similar Th1 profile considering anti-CR3 IgG1:IGg2a ratio was observed. Additionally, the level of IgG antibodies and the frequency of seroconverting animals in vagina were not diff... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624462 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5624462 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578817&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22227208%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the effects and the protective mechanism of ginsenoside Rd (GRd) which has been identified as one of the effective compounds from ginseng on relapsing colitis model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. After inducing relapsing colitis in experimental rats on two occasions by intracolonic injection of TNBS, GRd (10, 20 and 40mg/kg) was administered to experimental colitis rats for 7days. The inflammatory degree was assessed by macroscopic score, histology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined by ELISA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was analyzed by western blotting method. The results showed that GRd markedly attenuates the ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578817 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578819&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226750%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guo Q, Lv Z, Fu Q, Jiang C, Liu Y, Lai L, Chen Q, Shen J, Wang Q Abstract It has been reported that treatment with cyclophosphamide (CTX) as a chemotherapeutic drug in cancer patients or tumor-bearing mice can result in an increase in the proportion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in blood and lymphoid organs. Here we sought to clarify the possible mechanism of this unwanted increase in proportion of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice after CTX treatment. We found that both CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells underwent an expansion and activation before the increase of MDSCs in the early period of CTX treatment in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. The proportion of MDSCs in nude mice lacking T cells after CTX therapy was comparable to that in nude mice without CTX treatmen... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578819 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578819 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578818&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22226751%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we observed that intranasal (IN) administration of CpG-IDR (peptide HH2 (VQLRIRVAVIRA)) complex significantly increased intestinal mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines, CC chemokines and CXC chemokines when compared to HH2 and CpG ODN alone. Also an obvious cellular infiltration was observed in the intestine of CpG-HH2-treated neonatal piglets, which was associated with increased protection against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Moreover, we showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was inhibited when CpG ODN combined with HH2. This was the first report that deciphered the role played by CpG-HH2 complex in the intestine of neonatal piglets. This work clearly demonstrated that efficiency of the IN route inducing intestinal responses in neonatal piglets might be taken... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578818 Tue, 03 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578821&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222115%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated whether a B-class CpG ODN (BW006), a TLR9 agonist, could facilitate HSP65-Her2, a recombinant protein between mycobacterial HSP65 and Her2-dervied peptide, to induce vigorous anti-tumor activity against Her2 positive tumors in mice both prophylactically and therapeutically. It was found that BW006 could enhance prophylactic and therapeutic effect of HSP65-Her2 with improved survival of the mice bearing Her2(+) B16 melanoma and HSP65-Her2 specific Th1 response. PMID: 22222115 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578821 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5578820&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22222116%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu C, Jia Z, Zhang X, Hou J, Wang L, Hao S, Ruan X, Yu Z, Zheng Y Abstract The role of autophagy in cancer is controversial. Melatonin has been linked to several aspects of cancer progression and also to regulation of autophagy. Whether melatonin is involved in an autophagy-induced tumor suppressor mechanism or a cyto-protective mechanism is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of melatonin on autophagy and its upstream regulator. We found that melatonin triggers an autophagic process by enhancing Beclin 1 expression and inducing a conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-I to LC3-II, the protein associated with the autophagosome membrane, in hepatoma H22 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, melatonin inhibits the phosphorylation of the mammal... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5578820 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5578820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561480&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212353%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Geng S, Gao YD, Yang J, Zou JJ, Guo W Abstract Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is proved to be the main Ca(2+) influx pathway of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs primed with histamine facilitate Th(2) immune response via different types of histamine receptors. Histamine induces DCs to release Ca(2+) from internal store. Therefore, it is rational to postulate that histamine should be able to activate SOCE in DCs; but this has not been demonstrated. In addition, what's the functional relevance of the Ca(2+) influx through SOCE induced by histamine in Th(2) response, and which types of histamine receptors are involved in these processes are still not clear. Here we present evidences that histamine induced a transient Ca(2+) release followed by pronounced Ca(2+) influx after re-... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561480 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561479&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22212354%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the role of calcium in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS plus IFN-γ by using the store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOCC) blocker SK&F 96365. Our results showed that SK&F 96365 pretreatment significantly inhibited the elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by ionomycin, thapsigargin, and LPS plus IFN-γ, respectively. Phagocytosis analyzing results showed that SK&F 96365 efficiently diminished the uptake of nonopsonized 1μM yellow-green beads or pHrodoâ„¢-labeled Escherichia coli bacteria both on the resting and LPS plus IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. In addition, SK&F 96365 significantly inhibited the LPS plus IFN-γ-induced brisk uptake of NO and ROS. The CBA analyzing results showed that SK&F 96365 pretreatment efficiently inhibited the... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561479 Fri, 30 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561483&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sekiyama A, Gon Y, Terakado M, Takeshita I, Kozu Y, Maruoka S, Matsumoto K, Hashimoto S Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. While asthma is a complex disease caused by multiple factors, epithelial barrier damage is a cardinal feature. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of asthma. However, the effects of GCs on the airway epithelial barrier have not been evaluated. Epithelial barrier functions were evaluated in cultured human airway epithelial cell monolayers, Calu-3 and 16HBE. Then, the cells were treated with dexamethasone (Dex), fulticasone propionate (FP), or budesonide (BD) for 5days. Permeability measured by transepithelial electrical resi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561483 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561482&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chakraborty T, Bose A, Goswami KK, Goswami S, Chakraborty K, Baral R Abstract We have shown that neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP) inhibits the regulatory T cell (Tregs) induced suppression of tumoricidal functions of CD14(±)CD68(±) monocyte/macrophages (MO/Mφ) from human peripheral blood. Cytotoxic efficacy of MO/Mφ toward macrophage sensitive cells, U937, is decreased in presence of Tregs (induced), however, it was increased further by supplementation of NLGP in culture. Associated Treg mediated inhibition of perforin/granzyme B expression and nitric oxide release from MO/Mφ was normalized by NLGP. Altered status of signature cytokines, like, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, TNFα from MO/Mφ under influence of Tregs is also rectified by NLGP. Tregs significantly enhanced the expres... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561482 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561481&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22210374%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, our work is directed toward studying the in vitro effects of stereocalpin A on the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-α in vascular smooth muscle cells. Pretreatment of VSMCs for 2h with stereocalpin A at nontoxic concentrations of 0.1-10μg/ml inhibited TNF-α-induced adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Stereocalpin A reduced TNF-α-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of p38, ERK, JNK and Akt. Stereocalpin A also inhibited NK-κB activation induced by TNF-α. Moreover, stereocalpin A inhibited TNF-α-induced ΙκΒ kinase activation, subsequent degradation of ΙκΒα, and nuclear t... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561481 Tue, 27 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5561484&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22207010%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loyola W, Custódio LA, Felipe I, Conchon-Costa I, Carvalho PG, da Silva Quirino GF, da Rosa Santos Silva LF, Gaziri LC Abstract The activities of dectin-1 and mannose receptors on phagocytosis of Candida albicans and the production of TNF-α by macrophages from mice pretreated for 3days with extract of Artocarpus intergrifolia seeds (jack extract), Artin M or jacalin were studied. Macrophages from these mice were coincubated with C. albicans CR15 (yeast), in the presence of mannose (50mM) plus mannan (100μg) or laminarin (1mg). Phagocytosis was significantly enhanced to 52% in macrophages from mice pretreated intraperitoneally for 3days with jack extract (500μg/250μl PBS). Reduction in phagocytosis from 52% to 34% (P<0.05) occurred in the presence of mannose recepto... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5561484 Mon, 26 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5561484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550744&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22197802%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Olivera A, Moore TW, Hu F, Brown AP, Sun A, Liotta DC, Snyder JP, Yoon Y, Shim H, Marcus AI, Miller AH, Pace TW Abstract Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a key signaling molecule in the elaboration of the inflammatory response. Data indicate that curcumin, a natural ingredient of the curry spice turmeric, acts as a NF-κB inhibitor and exhibits both anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Curcumin analogs with enhanced activity on the NF-κB and other inflammatory signaling pathways have been developed including the synthetic monoketone compound termed 3,5-Bis(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (EF24). 3,5-Bis(2-pyridinylmethylidene)-4-piperidone (EF31) is a structurally-related curcumin analog whose potency for NF-κB inhibition has yet to be determined. To examine... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550744 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550743&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22198073%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated possible immunomodulatory effects of ANP on rat hepatocytes and macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) production and secretion of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF) were analyzed under in vitro conditions. Test compounds included: 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA; adefovir); 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (PMEDAP); (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine [(R)-PMPA; tenofovir] and [(S)-PMPA]; 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine [(R)-PMPDAP] and [(S)-PMPDAP]. The group of test compounds also included their N(6)-substituted derivatives. Some of ANP which are able to induce NO production and cytokine secretion in cultured macrophages possess the sam... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550743 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550746&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193240%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Qi S, Xin Y, Guo Y, Diao Y, Kou X, Luo L, Yin Z Abstract Ampelopsin (AMP), a plant flavonoid, has potent anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of ampelopsin on pharmacological and biochemical actions of RAW264.7 macrophages in inflammation have not been clearly elucidated yet. In the present study, non-cytotoxic level of ampelopsin significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with NO inhibition, ampelopsin suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, which highly correlated with its inhibitor... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550746 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550745&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22193241%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li YC, Peng SZ, Chen HM, Zhang FX, Xu PP, Xie JH, He JJ, Chen JN, Lai XP, Su ZR Abstract Seasonal influenza A infection results in considerable morbidity and mortality. The limited efficacy of available therapeutic strategies stresses the need for development and study of new molecules against influenza virus (IFV). Patchouli alcohol (PA), the major chemical constituent of Pogostemonis Herba, was previously found to strongly inhibit influenza H1N1 replication in vitro. In the present study, the in vivo anti-IFV effect of PA was investigated. In a mouse model infected with lethal levels of FM1, oral administration of PA (20mg/kg to 80mg/kg) for 7d post IFV infection significantly increased the survival rate and survival time. For IFV infection at nonlethal levels, the quant... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550745 Mon, 19 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550747&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22182776%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the pro-apoptotic effect of wogonin is mediated through the activation of ERK and the activation of caspases, and is correlated with the block of the PI3K/Akt/survivin signal pathways in MCF-7 cells. PMID: 22182776 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550747 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550748&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178418%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sahu D, Saroha A, Roy S, Das S, Srivastava PS, Das HR Abstract Suramin, a polysulfonated polyaromatic symmetrical urea is known for multiple therapeutic effects including antineoplastic activity. It is known as an antagonist of ATP at P2X purinergic receptors. Suramin is also found to inhibit protein synthesis affecting both initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain. As a growth factor blocker, it is reported to suppress experimental myocardial inflammation. Here, we describe the anti-arthritic property of suramin in the collagen induced arthritic (CIA) rat, a model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of suramin (10mg/kg/day) for 3weeks was found to reduce inflammation and repair joint destruction in CIA rats. Recovery of body weigh... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550748 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550753&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172643%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed the important role of exogenous C3 in up-regulation of adaptive immune response to sepsis. The complement pathway would be a pivotal target for severe sepsis management. PMID: 22172643 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550753 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550752&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172644%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that there is a microvascular endothelial dysfunction in HAE patients. Although carotid intima media thickness of these patients was not significantly increased, the presence of microvascular endothelial dysfunction might be regarded as an early indicator of a premature atherosclerosis. PMID: 22172644 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550752 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550750&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178195%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seavey MM, Lu LD, Stump KL, Wallace NH, Ruggeri BA Abstract Current therapies for late-stage systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited to cytotoxic agents. Delanzomib (CEP-18770) is an orally active, reversible P2 threonine boronic acid inhibitor of the 26S mammalian proteasome. Delanzomib was tested in a head-to-head comparison against bortezomib to protect and treat mice with fatal lupus nephritis (LN). Age matched MRL/lpr or NZBWF1 mice with established SLE or LN, respectively, were treated with delanzomib either 3mg/kg once or twice weekly intravenously or orally at 10mg/kg. Mice were also treated with reference agent bortezomib at 0.5mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once a week or 0.3mg/kg once or twice a week. Reductions in the frequencies of specific anti-chromatin, s... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550750 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550749&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22178196%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huo M, Chen N, Chi G, Yuan X, Guan S, Li H, Zhong W, Guo W, Soromou LW, Gao R, Ouyang H, Deng X, Feng H Abstract Alpinetin, one of the main constituents of the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, belonging to flavonoids, has been known to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other important therapeutic activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protection of alpinetin on inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Raw 264.7 cells and LPS induced vivo lung injury model. The effects of alpinetin on pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. The results showed that alpinetin markedly inhibited the LPS- induced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production both in vitro and vivo.... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550749 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550751&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22172645%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hussain M, Javeed A, Ashraf M, Zhao Y, Mukhtar MM, Rehman MU Abstract The time-tested gradual exploration of aspirin's diverse pharmacological properties has made it the most reliable therapeutic agent worldwide. In addition to its well-argued anti-inflammatory effects, many new and exciting data have emerged regarding the role of aspirin in cells of the immune system and certain immunopathological states. For instance, aspirin induces tolerogenic activity in dendritic cells and determines the fate of naive T cells to regulatory phenotypes, which suggests its immunoregulatory potential in relevance to immune tolerance. It also displays some intriguing traits to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, the immunomodulatory relation of aspirin to d... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550751 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550755&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155740%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Parthenolide exerts beneficial effects in experimental colitis and may therefore provide a useful therapeutic approach for the treatment of UC. PMID: 22155740 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550755 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550754&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155741%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, lycorine inhibits LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators and increases the survival rate of mice after LPS challenge, suggesting that lycorine could play an anti-inflammatory role in response to LPS. PMID: 22155741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550754 Sun, 11 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550763&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Feng AW, Gao W, Zhou GR, Yu R, Li N, Huang XL, Li QR, Li JS Abstract Berberine hydrochloride (BBR), a plant alkaloid, has been used to treat intestinal inflammation or infection for years. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is pro-inflammatory mediator and involved in the induction of gut inflammation. The expression of COX-2 in small bowel mucosa was determined and the mechanism by which BBR modulated COX-2 expression was explored in a rat model of endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that without LPS stimulation COX-2 was constitutively expressed at low levels in control rats. LPS challenge rapidly induced COX-2 gene transcription resulting in high levels of inducible COX-2 expression in endotoxemic rats. BBR pre- and post-treatment had no marked eff... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550763 Fri, 09 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550763 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550762&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155100%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggest that iTregs play a critical role in hepatic IRI by regulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory function of KCs through TGF-β. PMID: 22155100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550762 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550762 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550761&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nasreen N, Khodayari N, Sukka-Ganesh B, Peruvemba S, Mohammed KA Abstract Fluticasone propionate (FP) and Salmeterol (SAL) are commonly used in combination therapy for patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical studies show that FP/SAL used in combination therapy was found to inhibit airway inflammation in COPD patients. However, the mechanisms associated with FP/SAL induced anti-inflammatory effects were not clear. We have evaluated the effect of FP/SAL and tobacco smoke (TS) on SOCS-3 and interleukine-6 expression in bronchial airway epithelial cells (BAEpCs). Human BAEpCs were exposed to TS and subsequently treated with FP or SAL alone or in combinations in the presence and absence of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors for eithe... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550761 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550761 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550760&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sindhu G, Ratheesh M, Shyni GL, Nambisan B, Helen A Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of mucilage from fenugreek in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hind paw produce inflammation of the joint. The activities of inflammatory enzymes like cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase, and levels of nitrite and C-reactive protein were observed. Also oxidative stress was measured by analyzing the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and the levels of glutathione and vitamin C and lipid peroxidation. The blood parameters like ESR, total WBC, RBC and hemoglobin content was checked. Fenugreek muci... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550760 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550760 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550759&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155103%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lu Y, Suh SJ, Kwak CH, Kwon KM, Seo CS, Li Y, Jin Y, Li X, Hwang SL, Kwon O, Chang YC, Park YG, Park SS, Son JK, Kim CH, Chang HW Abstract Saucerneol F (SF), a new tetrahydrofuran-type sesquilignan isolated from Saururus chinensis, dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, with concomitant reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of iNOS expression by SF, we assessed the effects of SF on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity, NF-κB-dependent reporter gene activity, inhibitory factor-κB (IκB) phosphorylation and degradation, and p65 nuclear translocation. Treatment with SF ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550759 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550758&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Xie P, Nishiura H, Semba U, Chen J, Zhao R, Kuniyasu A, Yamamoto T Abstract A recombinant complement anaphylatoxin, C4a, inhibited chemotaxis, respiratory burst and histamine release in mast cell-like HMC-1 cells that were treated with recombinant C5a anaphylatoxin. C4a also inhibited histamine release from HMC-1 cells that were induced by recombinant C3a. The inhibition of C5a- and C3a-induced leukocyte reactions by C4a was recapitulated in peripheral blood CD133(+) cell-derived differentiated mast cells. In HMC-1 cells, C4a inhibited cytoplasmic Ca(2+) influx, an event that precedes anaphylatoxin-induced chemotactic and secretary responses. A conditioned medium of HMC-1 cells after shortly treated with C4a also inhibited the anaphylatoxin-induced Ca(2+) influx even after... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550758 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550757&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155626%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Th17 immunity is involved in the systemic immune responses to allergen in atopic NP and atopy may aggravate NP by stimulating the increase of Th17 population and IL-17A production. The mechanism of Th17 cells response to allergen may be regulated differently from the regulation of Th1 and Th2 immunity in NP. PMID: 22155626 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550757 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550756&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22155627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Babaei E, Sadeghizadeh M, Hassan ZM, Feizi MA, Najafi F, Hashemi SM Abstract Curcumin, the main compound of spice turmeric, is one of the natural products that has been shown to possess effective anti-cancer properties. However, the absorption efficacy of curcumin is too low to make dramatic results in therapy. Therefore, we based the main aim of this study on improving the bioavailability of curcumin taking advantage of dendrosome nanoparticles; and subsequently evaluating in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor properties of dendrosomal curcumin. In vitro studies were carried out utilizing A431 and WEHI-164 cell lines and mouse embryonic normal fibroblasts. Our data revealed that dendrosomal curcumin not only exhibits a much higher bioavailability than void curcumin (P<0.05) ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550756 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5550764&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22154580%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we use the monocyte-derived DCs to investigate the drug effects of typical APD (haloperidol) and atypical APD (risperidone) on DCs in vitro. Our studies revealed that only risperidone but not haloperidol affected the cytokine and chemokine production of mature DCs. Risperidone increased the production of IL-10 and MDC as well as the proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, but decreased the production of IP-10 and IL-12. Furthermore, the exposure of DCs to risperidone led to lower IFN-γ production by T-cells. The results suggested that risperidone can modulate the DCs' immune function by inhibiting the potent Th1 cytokines and increasing the potent Th2 cytokines. In addition, the production of TNF-α by risperidone-treated mature DCs will induce the death ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5550764 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5550764 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5475813&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22138522%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tu CT, Han B, Yao QY, Zhang YA, Liu HC, Zhang SC Abstract Curcumin has antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin on acute liver injury have not been carefully examined. The aims of this study were to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on Concanavalin A (Con A) induced hepatitis, and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms in mice. Mice received curcumin (200mg/kg body weight) by gavage before Con A intravenous administration. We found that curcumin pretreatment was able to significantly reduce the elevated plasma aminotransferase levels and liver necrosis in Con A-induced hepatitis. Also, curcumin pretreatment reduced intrahepatic expression of genes encoding p... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5475813 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5475813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5456893&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22122827%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Art in a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a T-cell-mediated cutaneous inflammatory reaction. The data showed that topical administration of Art could suppress CHS response and Con A-induced T cell proliferation effectively. Further experiments indicated that Art induced the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired the phosphorylation of AKT, associated with the up-regulation of p38 MAPK activation. Moreover, Art also exerted a strikingly inhibitory effect on IL-17 production, and diminished the level of IL-6 paralleled with an enhancement of TGF-β, which effects were coupled with a significant reduction of STAT3 activation. These data reveal that Art could effectively block CHS resp... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5456893 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5456893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5456894&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22116056%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Choi EM Abstract Liquiritigenin is one of the flavonoids present in Glycyrrhizae radix. In the present study, the effects of liquiritigenin on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were studied. Liquiritigenin caused a significant elevation of cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, mineralization, and glutathione content in the cells (P<0.05). Moreover, liquiritigenin significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osteoclast differentiation inducing factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of antimycin A, which inhibits mitochondrial electron transport and has been used as a ROS generator. These results d... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5456894 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5456894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441095&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22107725%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kim TW, Joh EH, Kim B, Kim DH Abstract Heating and steaming processes have been applied to various natural medicines for either enhancing or altering their pharmacological activities, and these processes frequently change the chemical compositions of the active components contained in the medicines. While ginsenoside Rb1, which is the major constituent of raw ginseng, has been studied extensively for its anti-inflammatory effect, the biological activity of ginsenoside Rg5, a major constituent of steamed ginseng, remains to be explored. Here, we isolated Rg5 and examined anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and on LPS-induced lung inflammation in both tissue culture and mouse systems. First, treatment with Rg5 inhibited the expression ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441095 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441096&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101278%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Drago-Serrano ME, de la Garza-Amaya M, Luna JS, Campos-Rodríguez R Abstract Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional protein of the innate immune response, seems to act as a permeabilizing agent of Gram negative bacteria, apparently due to its interaction with enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial surface. In both human and bovine Lf, a six residue sequence lying in an 18-loop region of the lactoferricin domain is key to Lf-LPS binding. There is much evidence that, by its action on LPS, Lf destabilizes the bacterial membrane and therefore increases bacterial permeability. By itself, Lf is not an effective antibacterial agent, but it permits the penetration of the bacterial membrane by some antibacterial substances whose hydrophobicity otherwise limits their... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441096 Thu, 17 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441097&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22101249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee HS, Kim YD, Na BR, Kim HR, Choi EJ, Han WC, Choi HK, Lee SH, Jun CD Abstract The phytocomponent p-hydoxycinnamic acid (HCA) has been shown to have many beneficial effects in terms of antioxidant activity, inhibition of melanogenesis, bone resorption, and platelet activity, and stimulation of mineralization. However, effects of HCA in immune functions have not been investigated. Here, we show that HCA has a profound effect on IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells as well as in human peripheral blood leukocytes. HCA, at a concentration that optimally inhibits IL-2 production, had little effect on apoptotic or necrotic cell death of Jurkat T cells, suggesting that apoptosis is not a mechanism for HCA-induced T-cell suppression. On the contrary, HCA dramatically inhibited PKC-... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441097 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441099&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22094541%26dopt%3DAbstract This study proposes a new perspective for the development of vaccination strategies for Y. pestis that trigger T cell immune response. PMID: 22094541 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441099 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5441098&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22100227%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chen JH, Huang SM, Tan TW, Lin HY, Chen PY, Yeh WL, Chou SC, Tsai CF, Wei IH, Lu DY Abstract Our previous report has shown that berberine effectively inhibits LPS- and IFN-γ-induced neuroinflammation in microglia cells. Recently, we also reported that HO-1 (Heme oxygenase-1) may be a therapeutic target to regulate neuroinflammation in microglia cells. The present study examined the ability of berberine, the major constituents of Chinese herb Rhizoma coptidis, to induce expression of HO-1, and analyzed its signaling mechanism in rat brain astrocytes. HO-1 is known as an antioxidant enzyme which helps to protect against cellular damage and maintains tissue homeostasis. Here, we found that berberine increased HO-1 mRNA and protein expression concentration- and time-dependent... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5441098 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5441098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422916&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22088614%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, a novel oral delivery system of Bifidobacterium for murine IL-12 has been successfully established. Oral administration of mIL-12-transformed B. longum may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of CVB3-induced myocarditis in the mice. PMID: 22088614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422916 Sun, 13 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422917&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22085848%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee MY, Ahn KS, Lim HS, Yuk JE, Kwon OK, Lee HK, Oh SR Abstract Asthma is a persistent inflammatory disease characterized by airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in association with airway inflammation. In the current research, we studied the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of tiarellic acid (TA) isolated from Tiarella polyphylla, based on asthmatic parameters, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, cytokine release, eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mucus hypersecretion, in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized/challenged mouse model. TA significantly inhibited increases in IgE, levels of ROS and T helper cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-13, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and eff... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422917 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422918&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080918%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Uto T, Qin GW, Morinaga O, Shoyama Y Abstract Jolkinolides are the main abietane-type diterpenoids isolated from the root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. In the present study, we investigated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of four structural analogs of jolkinolide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 macrophages. Among these jolkinolides, 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B (HJB) exhibited the most potent inhibition of LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. HJB could decrease LPS-induced protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the mRNA expressions of COX-2, iNOS, I... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422918 Thu, 10 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422919&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22080051%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kakutani R, Adachi Y, Kajiura H, Takata H, Kuriki T, Ohno N Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells, innate immune effectors that mediate rapid responses to various antigens, play an important role in potentiating host defenses through the clearance of tumor cells and virally infected cells. By using enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) with the same characteristics as natural glycogen, we examined whether orally administered glycogen enhances the innate defense of tumor-implanted mice and the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Oral administration of ESG leads to the suppression of tumor proliferation and the prolongation of survival times of tumor-bearing mice. Splenic NK activities of BALB/c mice treated orally with ESG were significantly higher than those of water-treated mice, w... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422919 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422920&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22079591%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun Q, Chen L, Gao M, Jiang W, Shao F, Li J, Wang J, Kou J, Yu B Abstract Acute lung injury is still a significant clinical problem with a high mortality rate and there are few effective therapies in clinic. Here, we studied the inhibitory effect of ruscogenin, an anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic natural product, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice basing on our previous studies. The results showed that a single oral administration of ruscogenin significantly decreased lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratio at doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0mg/kg 1h prior to LPS challenge (30mg/kg, intravenous injection). Histopathological changes such as pulmonary edema, coagulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells were also attenuated by ruscogenin. In addition... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422920 Tue, 08 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5422920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5422921&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22056950%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: We illustrate the anti-inflammatory property of ICT in human immune cells, especially in monocytes. These effects were mediated, at least partially, via inhibition of the CD14/TLR4 signaling pathway. PMID: 22056950 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5422921 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5422921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381788&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051973%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shin SK, Pack SP, Oh JG, Kang NK, Chang MH, Chung YH, Kim SJ, Lee JW, Heo TH Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has been successfully used for correcting renal anemia. However, recent studies have raised some concerns about the safety of rhEPO treatment due to its immunogenic side effect - pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We now report a case of development of anti-EPO neutralizing antibodies (Abs) implicated in thrombocytopenia as well as erythrocytopenia. A 35-year-old man had a history of administering rhEPO (epoetin alfa, epoetin beta and darbepoetin alfa) for 2years to treat renal anemia. The hematological parameters were collected. Anti-EPO, anti-platelet, and anti-thrombopoietin (TPO) Ab assays were performed to test the presence of autoreactive Abs. Aft... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381788 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381787&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051974%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sergey C, Irina K, Irina A Abstract Alloferons are a group of antiviral and anti-tumor peptides primarily isolated from insects and stimulating cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in mammals including mice and humans. Alloferon-1 is currently used in the treatment of persistent viral infections; however its anti-tumor potential needs further preclinical assessment. Here we evaluate alloferon-1 anti-tumor activity in DBA/2 mice grafted with syngenic P388 murine leukemia cells. Alloferon-1 was applied alone or in combination with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy (a mixture of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine). Alloferon-1 monotherapy demonstrated moderate tumoristatic and tumoricidal activities comparable with low dose chemotherapy. When alloferon-1 an... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381787 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381786&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22051975%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was designed to compare the inhibitory effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and curcumin (CMN) on the biological changes associating asthma. TQ appeared to exhibit greater inhibitory effects on the aggregation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in lung tissues. We also measured the effects of the two agents on serum IgE and the changes in the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Serum IgE was significantly decreased by TQ and CMN with TQ being more potent. Also, TQ showed superior inhibitory effects on iNOS and TGF-β1. Meanwhile, CMN was more potent in inhibiting mRNA expression of TNF-α. These results suggest that TQ is more potent in inhibiting the inflammat... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381786 Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381789&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22041526%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kubo S, Kobayashi M, Iwata M, Miyata K, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y Abstract Neutrophil-dominant pulmonary inflammation is an important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti-neutrophilic inflammatory activities of ASP3258, a novel, orally active, and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory potency comparable to that of second-generation compound roflumilast but with lower emetic activity in vivo. In in vitro experiments using human peripheral blood neutrophils, PDE4 inhibitors ASP3258, cilomilast, and roflumilast inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 5.0, 96, and 4.7nM, respectively. ASP3258, cilomilast, and roflumilast ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381789 Fri, 28 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381791&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036766%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated an immune-mediated model of colitis. TNF-α injected intraperitonally to mice induced a dose-dependent recruitment of neutrophils into abdominal mesentery. The leukocytes influx induced by TNF-α (10μgkg(-1) body weight) increased by 3 fold liver and colon damage scores. TNF-α-colitis was characterized by hemorrhagic edemas and crypt abscesses massively infiltrated by inflammatory cells, namely neutrophils. Moreover, TNF-α-toxicity resulted in liver steatosis and foci of necrosis infiltrated by Kupffer cells and neutrophils in parenchyma and around the centrilobular veins. The involvement of oxidative stress was evaluated using aminoguanidine (AG) as selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and curcumin (Cur), the polyphenolic antioxidant of turmeric (... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381791 Thu, 27 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381790&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22036845%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kobayashi M, Kubo S, Hirano Y, Kobayashi S, Takahashi K, Shimizu Y Abstract ASP3258 is a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor and exerts a wide-range of anti-inflammatory effects with low emetic potential, a major adverse effect of PDE4 inhibitors. Here, we investigated the anti-asthmatic potency of ASP3258 as compared with those of two representative PDE4 inhibitors: roflumilast and cilomilast. Orally administered ASP3258, roflumilast, and cilomilast all inhibited ovalbumin (OVA)-induced eosinophil infiltration into the airway of sensitized Brown Norway rats with ED(50) values of 0.81, 0.46, and 4.4mg/kg, respectively. Histological examination also revealed a decreasing trend in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung following ASP3258 administration. In vitro investi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381790 Tue, 25 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381794&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032839%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee J, Choi TG, Ha J, Kim SS Abstract Immunoglubulin G (IgG) is a major isotype of antibody, which is predominantly involved in immune response. The complete tetramer is needed to fold and assemble in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) prior to secretion from cells. Protein quality control guided by ER chaperons is most essential for full biological activity. Cyclophilin B (CypB) was initially identified as a high-affinity binding protein for the immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporine A (CsA). CsA suppresses organ rejection by halting productions of pro-inflammatory molecules in T cell and abolishes the enzymatic property of CypB that accelerates the folding of proteins by catalysing the isomerization of peptidyl-proline bonds in ER. Here, we reported that CsA significantly inhibited... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381794 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381793&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032840%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cui XW, Li JF, Xiao W, Xuan Y, Tian AY, Xu XZ, Zhang SQ Abstract Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family play key roles in the regulation of inflammation, immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Here we describe the identification of the Japanese sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) homologue of mammalian B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF/BLyS) (designated LjBAFF). The cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 783 nucleotides that are translated into a predicted 260 amino acid protein. Like most known BAFFs, Japanese sea perch BAFF contains three cysteine residues (Cys(123), Cys(218) and Cys(232)) which are conserved in the aligned BAFF sequences and a furin protease cleavage site (R-K-K-R). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381793 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381792&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22032841%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Plumb J, Gaffey K, Kane B, Malia-Milanes B, Shah R, Bentley A, Ray D, Singh D Abstract Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a glucocorticoid resistant condition characterised by airway neutrophilia. Reduced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in COPD airway neutrophils may be a mechanism that contributes to glucocorticoid resistance. Our objective was to investigate the expression and function of GR within COPD airway neutrophils. Dual-label immunofluorescence was used to analyse airway neutrophil expression of GR within peripheral lung tissue samples (11 COPD patients, 7 healthy non-smokers [NS]) and induced sputum (7 COPD patients, 7 NS). TNFα and CXCL8 release were measured in neutrophils isolated from induced sputum and peripheral blood (7 COPD patients... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381792 Mon, 24 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381795&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22020290%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, survivin was highly expressed in GISTs, although we found no correlation between survivin expression and PFS, DFS and OS, survivin may be a predictive marker in GISTs for disease progression. We believe that additional studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of survivin expression as a prognostic or predictive marker in patients with GIST. PMID: 22020290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381795 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381799&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22015602%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our data demonstrated that hydrogen inhalation ameliorated LPS-induced ALI and it may be exerting its protective role by preventing the activation of ROS-JNK-caspase-3 pathway. PMID: 22015602 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381799 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381797&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22015604%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Gln has synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin in reduction of P. aeruginosa-induced septic shock. PMID: 22015604 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381797 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381796&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22019446%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guan S, Feng H, Song B, Guo W, Xiong Y, Huang G, Zhong W, Huo M, Cheng N, Lu J, Deng X Abstract Salidroside is a major component isolated from the Rhodiola rosea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside on cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro, and the results showed that salidroside reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretions. This inspired us to further study the effects of salidroside in vivo. Salidroside significantly attenuated TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 productions in serum from mice challenged with LPS, and consistent with the results in vitro. In the murine model of endotoxemia, mice were treated with salidroside pr... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381796 Wed, 19 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381801&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22008306%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the effect of selenium on cell migration in melanoma and on tumor metastasis in mice. Interestingly, tumor metastasis was suppressed by selenium in a mouse model. Cell migration was measured by a wound-healing assay using selenium-treated melanoma cells. Treatment with a non-cytotoxic concentration of selenium suppressed migration of melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we found decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression in selenium-treated melanoma cells as compared to non-treated control cells. Mechanistically, our studies show that selenium inhibits IL-18 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. IL-18 protein level was suppressed by treatment with selenium. The wound-healing assay revealed that the anti-metastatic effect of selenium was ab... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381801 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381800&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22008307%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study showed that both high glucose and a mixture of FFA are potent inducers of ROS/RNS production on neutrophils as observed by higher levels of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and NO production. Also, these metabolites decrease the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and increase the G6PDH activity. Overall, ASTA-treatment was able to reduce partially ROS/RNS production by reducing the availability of NADPH and recover phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. PMID: 22008307 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381800 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381798&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22015603%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, in order to increase the potency of H-D, two tandem repeats of microbial HSP70 peptide epitope 407-426 (2mHSP70(407-426), M2) which has been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing DC maturation were applied. The DC vaccine (HM-D) which was HCC tumor cell lysate pulsed with M2 was developed. Nevertheless, the immunotherapeutic effect was still not satisfactory enough even some promotion was obtained. Therefore, OK-432 (OK), which is a useful anti-cancer agent and effectively in stimulating DC maturation, was introduced to HM-D. Our results demonstrated that treatment with the improved DC vaccine which was tumor cell lysate pulsed with M2 and OK (HMO-D), compared with H-D and HM-D, significantly increased cell surface markers (MHC-I and II, CD40, CD80, CD86 and CD11c) expre... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381798 Tue, 18 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381805&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001396%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Gong SQ, Sun W, Wang M, Fu YY Abstract Baicalin (BA), a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to possess a number of pharmacological effects including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune regulation. Here, we examined its effects on human T and B cells proliferation by MTT assay and found that BA stimulated T and B cells proliferation, independently and cooperatively with Con-A (T cells) or LPS (B cells). Then, we analyzed the effects of BA treatment on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-12 in T and B cells by real-time RT-PCR and attempted to observe whether blocking TLR4 had influence on mRNA expression. We found that BA treatment significantly up-regulated TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 mRNA expres... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381805 Fri, 14 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381804&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001428%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, these data suggest that anti-PCP mAb treatments administered during pregnancy can safely protect a mother and her fetus(es) from PCP-related morbidity and mortality even when the mAb dose is too low to significantly prevent other PCP-induced maternal pharmacological effects. PMID: 22001428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381804 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381802&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001899%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, both intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of C19 reduced allergic symptoms such as sneezing and rubbing and serum concentration of IgE. C19 showed a strong ability to suppress eosinophil accumulation in nasal mucosa and lung tissues. C19 was able to suppress the Th2 cytokine IL-4 without augmenting the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in BAL and IL-4(+) cells in the local nasal tissue. In terms of symptom amelioration, IgE reduction, and eosinophilia suppression, C19 was found to be as effective against allergic rhinitis as Budesonide. Moreover, intranasal treatment has a stronger therapeutic effect than other types of administration, and it may be more convenient and safe. For these reasons, C19 may have potential in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. PMID: 22001899 [PubMe... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381802 Wed, 12 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381807&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996540%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate immunoregulatory efficacy of TACI-Ig on helper T (Th) cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats. The levels of BLyS, APRIL, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, transforming growth factor beta (TGF)-β1, and IL-17 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The localization and expression of TACI, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and B cell activating factor-receptor (BAFF-R) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis in MLN. Administration of TACI-Ig significantly reduced histological changes, along with decreased Th1 and Th17-cell cytokines and increased CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) and Th2-cell cytokines in MLN of AA rats. The levels of BLyS and... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381807 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381806&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21996541%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of Lactobacillus plantarum K68 (K68) isolated from fu-tsai were evaluated. K68 significantly inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and stimulated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Additionally, orally administered K68 ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in BALB/c mice. Both the disease activity index (DAI) and histological scores (HIS) showed that the severity of UC was significantly reduced by oral administration of K68. Furthermore, the production of pro inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1Î... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381806 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5381803&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D22001898%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: CS-PS, a heteropolysaccharide, enhances immunity activity in mice treated by ionizing radiation, through reducing oxidative injury and modulating the secretion of cytokine IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17. PMID: 22001898 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5381803 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5381803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313513&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21986509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nagai T, Makino S, Ikegami S, Itoh H, Yamada H Abstract Yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (1073R-1) has been shown to reduce the risk of catching cold in the healthy elderly by two independent cohort studies (Makino et al., Br. J. Nutr., 104, 998-1006, 2010). In addition, the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by 1073R-1 were also reported to exert immunostimulatory effects in mice such as the augmentation of NK cell activity (Makino et al., J. Dairy Sci., 89, 2873-81, 2006). So, we investigated anti-influenza virus effects of this yogurt and EPS in mice. The yogurt (0.4ml/day) and EPS (20μg/day) were orally administered to BALB/c mice for 21days prior to intranasal infection with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). Post infection (p.... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313513 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313515&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983642%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, treatment with TCDCA confers a good anti-adjuvant arthritis activity in rats, which its reparative effects could be mediated via reduction of the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augment of IL-10 in rats. PMID: 21983642 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313515 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313514&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21983643%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of andrographolide and its derivatives (compounds 2-6) through dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema in mice. Substances under study were administrated intragastrically and the structure-activity relationship was analyzed. Results showed that compounds 5 and 6 significantly inhibited ear edema compared with compound 1 (p<0.05), indicating that the introduction of p-Chlorobenzylidene to C-15 of compound 2 enhances the anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, compound 6 exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory effect against ear edema in mice (79.4%; 1.35mmol/kg, ig) and paw edema in rats (50.4%; 0.90mmol/kg, ig). In addition, compound 6 significantly (p<0.05) inhibited granuloma formation and reduced the increase in vascular permeab... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313514 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313516&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21982724%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the effect of BK on regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression. Our results show that BK stimulates TLR2 receptor transcription and translation by activation of protein kinase C as well as AKT. Our study contributes important information on the regulation and expression of molecules that promote chronic inflammatory processes, which lead to periodontitis and consequently to loss of the dental organ. PMID: 21982724 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313516 Tue, 04 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313518&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979495%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piscianz E, Cuzzoni E, De Iudicibus S, Valencic E, Decorti G, Tommasini A Abstract Lymphocytes proliferation after antigen-driven activation leads to an increase in cell count, which could last some week, until apoptosis mechanisms allow the homeostatic control of the system. During the first days of this stimulation, activated lymphocytes display high resistance to apoptosis and to most immunosuppressive drugs. According to the literature, few compounds have been described to kill recently activated cells, by inhibiting metabolic processes fundamental to proliferation. The aim of our work was to evaluate comparatively these different compounds, in order to identify the best strategy to kill cells that have undergone proliferation, while sparing the repertoire of resting c... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313518 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5313517&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21979496%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Takahashi K, Saha D, Shattino I, Pavlov V, Stahl GL, Finnegan P, Melo MF Abstract Humoral molecules can trigger injury on mechanically stressed and damaged tissue. We have studied the role of complement 3 (C3) in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Compared with sham-treated wild type (WT) mice, ventilated WT mice have reduced total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells; and elevated activities of thrombin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as gelatinase/collagenase in the BAL fluid. In contrast, these parameters in ventilated C3 null mice are not significantly different from sham-treated WT and C3 null mice. In mechanically ventilated mice, thrombin activity and MMPs are lower in C3 null mice than in WT mice and are inversely correlated with total... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5313517 Mon, 03 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5313517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282077&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21640201%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of naringin on LPS-induced ALI in mice and clarify its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that in vivo pretreatment with naringin markedly decreased the lung wet weight to dry weight ratio, and led to significant attenuation of LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes. Meanwhile, naringin significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell and neutrophil (PMN) counts after LPS challenge. Furthermore, naringin inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO: a marker enzyme of neutrophil granule) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities in lung tissue and alleviated LPS-induced tumor neurosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in BALF in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Western blotting sho... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282077 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282064&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21964047%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Prednisolone is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug commonly used in autoimmune diseases. Our study shows that oral steroids are associated with reduced levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, but increased levels of pSS specific autoantibodies. The association between steroid use and increased antibody levels is not readily explained by known steroid effects, and should therefore be confirmed in further studies. Lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate a beneficial effect of oral steroids in this patient group. PMID: 21964047 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282064 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282063&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21964048%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we found that EPCs expressed high levels of TLR1, 3, 4, and 6 and low levels of TLR2, 5, 7, 8, and 10. The treatment of EPCs with TLR3 agonist Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-β, indicating that EPCs expressed functional TLR3. Moreover, Poly I:C treatment induced cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that IL-1β was involved in TLR3-induced cell proliferation inhibition, as IL-1β inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the IL-1β receptor type I (IL-1R1)-neutralizing antibody ameliorated Poly I:C-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that Poly I:C impairs cell prolife... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282063 Wed, 28 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282069&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21951863%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, an interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) homologue has been cloned and identified from South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis (designated XlGILT). The open reading frame (ORF) of XlGILT consists of 771 bases encoding a protein of 256 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 28.76kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.12. The N-terminus of the XlGILT was found to have a putative signal peptide with a cleavage site amino acid position at 15-16. SMART analysis showed that the XlGILT contained a GILT active-site C(69)GGC(72) motif and a GILT signature motif C(114)QHGKEECIGNLIETC(129). The expression levels of XlGILT mRNA were higher in spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), moderate in liver, intestine, heart and kidney, and lowe... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282069 Sat, 24 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282066&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945667%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yin H, Li X, Yuan B, Zhang B, Hu S, Gu H, Jin X, Zhu J Abstract Although studies have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can abrogate leukocyte recruitment and tissue injury after LPS stimulation, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Interleukin (IL)-33, a new member of the IL-1 family, is found to play a crucial immunoregulatory effect on the MD2/TLR4 complex expression. Moreover, TLR4 further promotes the activation of NF-κB and the production of proinflammatory mediators, which exacerbate neutrophil infiltration and organ damage. The present study was designed to determine whether the protection of HO-1 against LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is involved in downregulation of IL-33. We observed that the levels of IL-33 mRNA and protein in LPS-st... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282066 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282065&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945666%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shin SY, Hyun J, Lim Y, Lee YH Abstract Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a major inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in progression of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment. CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), expression of which is stimulated by TNFα, is involved in tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis. 3'-Chloro-5,7-dimethoxyisoflavone (CDMF) is a synthetic isoflavone derivative. Here, we found that CDMF inhibits TNFα-induced invasive motility of human colon cancer cells. We tested whether CDMF would inhibit TNFα-induced CXCL10 expression using reverse transcription-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HCT116 cells. CXCL10 expression, stimulated by TNFα, was suppressed by CDMF. The transcription factor nuc... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282065 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282070&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945665%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sun H, Chen L, Wang J, Wang K, Zhou J Abstract To assess the contribution of the aglycone and sugar chain to the biological activity of saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum, seven structurally consecutive saponins, platycodin D (PD), D2 (PD2), D3 (PD3), platycoside A (PA), E (PE), deapioplatycoside E (DPE), and polygalacin D2 (PGD) were compared for their hemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the immune responses to Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant avian influenza vaccine (rL-H5) in mice. Among seven compounds, the order of the hemolytic activity was PGD≈PD>PD2>PA>PD3>PE>DPE. PD, PD2, PA, and PGD significantly not only promoted concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and antigen-induced splenocyte proliferation, but enhanced ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282070 Wed, 21 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282071&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21945335%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, antigen size is one of the important factors regulating the potency of humoral immune response induced by CTLA4 targeted DNA vaccines. PMID: 21945335 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282071 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282068&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21939782%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: The expressions of LXRs were significantly decreased and synthetic agonist T0901317 suppresses lung inflammatory responses and lightened histopathologic changes of lung in rats with ALI. The mechanisms of this action for T0901317 may associate with the inhibition of NF-κB activation and downregulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 gene. PMID: 21939782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282068 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5282067&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21939783%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, our results suggest that melittin attenuated AP and AP-associated lung injury through the inhibition of JNK activation. PMID: 21939783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5282067 Tue, 20 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5282067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247730&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21933722%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we designed and synthesized three AS ODNs (NP267, NP628, NP749) that were specific for the RNA binding region of nucleoprotein (NP) based on AIV structure. Results showed that all three AS ODNs could inhibit viral replication in MDCK cells. The NP628 showed the best antiviral effect of all through viral titers, quantitative RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays. In addition, the liposome mediated NP628 could partially protect the mice from a lethal H5N1 influenza virus challenge. Moreover, the NP628 group had a lower viral titer and lung index in the infected mice when compared with the viral control. Our results showed that AS ODN targeting of the AIV NP gene could potently inhibit AIV H5N1 reproduction, thus, formulating a candidate for an emergent therapeuti... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247730 Sat, 17 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247731&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21930249%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yao XH, Liu Y, Chen K, Gong W, Liu MY, Bian XW, Wang JM Abstract Malignant tumors are thought to be initiated by a small population of cells that display stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, initiation of tumor tissues and resistance to therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have also been identified in gliomas in which they are named as glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs), or glioma stem cells. In xenograft transplantation models, GSLCs propagate tumor and promote tumor progression. The tumorigenesis of GSLCs depends not only on their autonomous proliferation but also on interaction with microenvironment components. Among these components, G protein coupled chemoattractant receptors (GPCRs) and their agonists have attracted much... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247731 Fri, 16 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247733&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924384%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Intervention with a 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist can control excess cytokine production involved in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis/septic shock. PMID: 21924384 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247733 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5247732&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21924385%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, plasmatic Ig classes and protein concentrations were measured at Days (D) 1-2, D3-4 and D5-7 in 62 septic shock patients. At D1-2 as well as at D3-4, patients presented with a significant reduction of plasmatic IgG concentrations. Indeed, at D1-2, 61% of the patients had IgG level below the lowest limit of our age-matched reference values. Plasmatic IgM levels were decreased as well in comparison with reference values from the lab whereas IgA concentrations were not modified. Circulating IgG and IgM concentrations tends to increase overtime. Indeed, at D5-7, most patients (61%) had IgG and IgM levels within the range of normal values. These alterations did not appear to be associated with increased mortality, morbidity or severity after septic shock. However, at D1-2 and D3-... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5247732 Tue, 13 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5247732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219564&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21911083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li Y, Shi Y, Huang Z, Bai Y, Niu Q, Cai B, Wang L, Feng W Abstract Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) prevent graft rejection by blocking interleukin-2 (IL-2), which was required for development and function of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Recently, IL-2 was reported to play a part in the inhibition of Th17 cells. The renal transplantation recipient who used CNI regularly might have Th17/Treg imbalance with increased Th17 cells and decreased Treg cells, which would cause renal dysfunction even rejection. To assess the effect of CNI on Th17 cells and Treg cells, we included 123 renal transplantation recipients (101 recipients in a stable stage and 22 recipients with renal dysfunction) and 27 healthy volunteers in our study. Among all the recipients, 103 recipi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219564 Fri, 09 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219565&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21907831%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zhao Y, Jiang W, Li B, Yao Q, Dong J, Cen Y, Pan X, Li J, Zheng J, Pang X, Zhou H Abstract The resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to radiation is the major reason for radiotherapy failure of this kind cancer. Currently, there is no effective radiosensitizer in clinical use. Artemisinin and its derivates enhance radiotherapeutic effect in some kinds of tumors; however, whether artemisinin and its derivates can enhance the radiosensitivity of NSCLC remains unknown. Therefore, in the present experiments, artemisinin and its derivatives were firstly screened for their radiosensitization on NSCLC A549 (A549) cells and then the possible mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that artesunate enhance radiosensitivity of A549 cells in vitro among artemisinin... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219565 Thu, 08 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219566&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21906698%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Our work has provided experimental supports for testing the broad-spectrum protective efficacy of polyvalent equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 for the future large trials. PMID: 21906698 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219566 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219567&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21896339%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pan R, Gao X, Lu D, Xu X, Xia Y, Dai Y Abstract Previous work in our laboratory has shown that scopoletin, one of the main bioactive constituents of Erycibe obtusifolia Benth stems, exerts anti-arthritic activity in vivo partly by preventing synovial angiogenesis. The present study was performed to further investigate the anti-angiogenic potential of scopoletin, focusing on the mechanisms of action in vitro. In the aortic ring sprouting assay, scopoletin (10, 30 and 100μM) significantly inhibited the growth of endothelial sprouts in a concentration-dependent manner. As to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), scopoletin could inhibit their proliferation, migration and tubule formation induced by FGF-2, especially the proliferation. It also remarkably decreased ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219567 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219568&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21893216%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kawashima T, Hayashi K, Kosaka A, Kawashima M, Igarashi T, Tsutsui H, Tsuji NM, Nishimura I, Hayashi T, Obata A Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have effects on immune function. From 203 strains of LAB isolated from fermented foods, we selected a beneficial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum strain YU (LpYU), which has high interleukin (IL)-12-inducing activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages. This activity of LpYU was partially mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, but not TLR4 or TLR9. Oral administration of LpYU to ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice caused suppression of serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, enhancing interferon (IFN)-γ production from spleen cells in response to OVA. Furthermore, LpYU enhanced natural killer cell activity in spl... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219568 Sat, 03 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219570&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890001%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we expand these observations to explore the possible mechanisms. The experimental SS mice model was established with or without the administration of DP (20mg/ml). The time frame of lymphocytes infiltration, apoptotic indicators such as Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were determined in submandibular gland (SG), as well as the subsequent mRNA expression of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1beta and IL-6. The expression and localization of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) was examined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. As the result, DP could suppress the progressive lymphocytes infiltration and apoptosis, and balance the chaos of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the SG. Further, DP ameliorated the abnormalities of AQP-5 and maintained its functional importance of saliva secretion. In addi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219570 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219569&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21890002%26dopt%3DAbstract Conclusion: E. leiocarpa possesses important anti-inflammatory properties. These inhibitory effects occurred along with the downregulation of nitric oxide, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. The isolated compounds DHC and β-Sit may be partially responsible for these anti-inflammatory effects. PMID: 21890002 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219569 Fri, 02 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219572&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Siveen KS, Kuttan G Abstract Thujone, a naturally occurring monoterpene, was found to enhance the total WBC count, bone marrow cellularity, number of α-esterase positive cells, number of plaque forming cells in spleen and circulating antibody titer in Balb/c mice (1mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally for 5days). Thujone treatment enhanced proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes, both in the presence and absence of specific mitogens. Administration of Thujone was found to stimulate the cell-mediated immunological response in normal and tumor bearing Balb/c mice. A significant enhancement in natural killer (NK) cell mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) in both normal as well... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219572 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219571&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iribarren P, Wang JM PMID: 21884825 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219571 Tue, 30 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219573&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21884823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ismail T, Shafi S, Gupta A, Khajuria A, Sidiq T, Reddy DM, Alam MS, Qazi GN, Kumar HM Abstract Bacterial lipoproteins and their synthetic analogs are strong immune modulators of the early host responses. In view of the strong adjuvanticity of bacterial lipopeptide mimics bearing lysine residues, a focused library of lipidated dipeptides and tripeptides has been synthesized with a view to understand the pattern of activity vis a vis the site and extent of lipidation. Compounds 4, 5 and 14 stimulate OVA specific IgG titer, neutralization of antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), T lymphocyte sub-sets (CD4/CD8) and its production of soluble mediators for Th1 (IFN-γ)/Th2 (IL-4) cytokines and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) which are ideal traits of immune adjuvants. The results sup... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219573 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5219574&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21875692%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saha P, Mukhopadhyay D, Chatterjee M Abstract Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from self-healing cutaneous lesions to the fatal visceral form. The use of pentavalent antimony, the mainstay of therapy of Leishmaniasis is now limited by its toxicity and alarming increase in unresponsiveness, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Furthermore, other anti-leishmanial drugs are unaffordable in many affected countries and as vaccination based approaches have not yet proved to be effective, chemotherapy remains the only alternative, emphasizing the need for identifying novel drug targets. In this review, we have described the different host immune signaling pathways that could be c... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5219574 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5219574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178589&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21871585%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we assessed the immunomodulatory activity of 10 LABs on influenza virus (IFV) infection in relation to their efficacies in IFV-infected mice. In an intranasal IFV infection model in mice, oral administration of boiled Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 strain (20mg/mouse), one of the 10 LABs, twice daily for 10days starting two days before infection was significantly effective in protecting the body weight loss of infected mice, reducing virus yields in the lungs on days 2, 4, and 6 after infection, and prolonging survival times without toxicity. The total numbers of infiltrated cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), especially macrophages and neutrophils, were significantly reduced by 06CC2 administration on day 2. On day 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production i... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178589 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5178590&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21867779%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated the effects of berberine on cytokine gene expression in mouse primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using 4 different experimental models in vitro. The relative expression of the following cytokine genes was determined using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay: pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, T-helper type 1 (Th1) (IL-2), and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines. The results showed that berberine down-regulated ratios of the relative Th1 (IL-2)/Th2 (IL-4) cytokines expression fold in mouse primary splenocytes in the absence or presence of LPS in a preventive manner. This study suggests that berberine may possess anti-inflammatory potential by shifting the Th1/Th2 balanc... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5178590 Sun, 21 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5178590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157636&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856445%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the significance of beta-glucan on the surfaces of zymosan particles, derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, during phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phagocytosis was assessed in vitro by macrophage exposure to zymosan particles followed by cell staining and light microscopy. Macrophage ingestion of zymosan was dependent on cellular recognition of the particles' beta-glucans since laminarin, a soluble beta-glucan, inhibited phagocytosis in a concentration dependent manner when added to cell cultures. In contrast, the presence of another carbohydrate, mannan, had no effect on zymosan phagocytosis by cells. In addition we showed that LPS and dexamethasone had opposing effects on phagocytosis of zymosan. LPS significantly augmented ingestion while in contras... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157636 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157635&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856446%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, the effect of cepharanthine (CEP), a biscoclaurine alkaloid isolated from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, on murine DCs was examined in vitro. CEP inhibited antigen uptake by DCs at a concentration between 1 and 5μg/ml. Although CEP did not inhibit the expression of costimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in DCs, the compound inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation determined by the expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC class I. In addition, CEP could reduce the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-stimulated DCs. DCs treated with CEP were found to be a poor stimulator of allogeneic T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production from the cells. These results suggest that CEP may have gre... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157635 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157634&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21856447%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moon PD, Kim HM Abstract Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a pivotal role in allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it has not been clarified the effect of berberine (BER) on the production of TSLP yet. Thus, we investigated how BER inhibits the production of TSLP in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, and Western blot analysis to investigate the effects of BER. BER inhibited the production and mRNA expression of TSLP in HMC-1 cells. BER also inhibited the nuclear factor-κB luciferase activity induced by phorbol myristate acetate plus A23187. BER inhibited the activation of caspase-1 in ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157634 Wed, 17 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157638&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21854876%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Soto BL, Hank JA, Darjatmoko SR, Polans AS, Yanke EM, Rakhmilevich AL, Seo S, Kim K, Reisfeld RA, Gillies SD, Sondel PM Abstract We evaluated the anti-tumor effect of Resveratrol (RV) on M21 and NXS2 tumor cell lines and its immunosuppressive activity on human and murine immune cells to determine the potential for combining RV and immunotherapy. In vitro, concentrations of RV≥25mcM, inhibited cell proliferation, blocked DNA synthesis and induced G1 phase arrest in tumor and immune cells. RV at 12-50mcM inhibited antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells facilitated by the hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine (IC). The in vivo anti-tumor and immunomodulating activity of RV given systemically were assessed in mice. Results showed that this RV regimen inhibi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157638 Tue, 16 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5157637&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21855654%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: da Silva Guerra AS, do Nascimento Malta DJ, Morais Laranjeira LP, Souza Maia MB, Cavalcanti Colaço N, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, da Suely Lins Galdino I, da Rocha Pitta I, Gonçalves-Silva T Abstract Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent a group of approximately 50 different medicines that are widely prescribed for the management of inflammation and that exhibit variable anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Most NSAIDs also exhibit a shared set of adverse effects, particularly related to gastrointestinal complications; thus, the development of new drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammation and pain continues to be an issue of high interest. Hydantoin and indole derivatives are reported to possess various pharmacological effects,... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5157637 Mon, 15 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5157637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141931&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843660%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Baxley A, Akhtari M Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulating agent that induces beneficial therapeutic responses in children and adults. IVIG is not only used for prophylaxis and therapy of infections in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies associated with defective antibody production, but also used for treatment of patients with systemic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and neuroimmunologic conditions. IVIG is generally considered a safe and efficacious therapeutic modality. However, it is associated with certain adverse effects including hematologic complications such as hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and changes in blood rheology. Venous and arteria... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141931 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141930&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21843661%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jiang C, Cui K, Wang J, He Y Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that progesterone (PROG) may be a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent. Although there have been reports about the neurotoxicity of activated microglia and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in animal models of ischemic stroke, the influence of PROG on the activation of microglia and the expression of COX-2 after stroke has not been examined in detail. In this investigation, we carried out research about the influence of PROG on cultured microglia by detection of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in their supernatant fluid before and after induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or influenced by PROG with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique in vitro. Moreov... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141930 Thu, 11 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141932&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21840424%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel α-iso-cubebenol isolated from dried fruits of Schisandra chinensis in human macrophage THP-1 cells and investigated the involvement of HO-1 signaling. We first observed that α-iso-cubebenol induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner via activation of erythroid-specific nuclear factor-regulated factor 2 (Nrf2). We also found that α-iso-cubebenol induced phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment of THP-1 cells with inhibitors and siRNA specific for PI3K/Akt and ERK decreased the expression of HO-1. These results suggested that α-iso-cubebenol induced HO-1 expression through the acti... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141932 Wed, 10 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141935&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839857%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huang L, Kinbara M, Funayama H, Takada H, Sugawara S, Endo Y Abstract Microbial components activate the host's innate immunity via interactions with molecules including TLRs and NODs. We previously reported that in mice (i) Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) promotes Ni-allergy even in T-cell-deficient mice, (ii) E. coli LPS reduces the minimum allergy-inducing concentrations of Ni at both the sensitization and elicitation steps, and (iii) various microbe-related substances promote sensitization to Ni. Here, we examined the effects of microbe-related substances at the elicitation step. Mice (except for TLR4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice) were sensitized to Ni by intraperitoneal injection of NiCl(2)+E. coli LPS. Ten days later their ear-pinnas were challenged wi... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141935 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141934&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839858%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wu L, Zhang C, Tian Z, Zhang J Abstract HMBOX1 is a new member of homeobox family and predicted to be a transcriptional repressor, its function in NK cells is completely unclear. Previously we found that overexpression of HMBOX1 downregulated mRNA level of IFN-γ in NK cells during our gene screening work. In present study, we investigate the relationship between HMBOX1 and IFN-γ in detail. Firstly, we describe the properties of HMBOX1 gene transcription in activated NK cells, and found that the transcriptional levels of HMBOX1 were significantly decreased in NK cells after activated by IL-2, IL-15 and IL-12, which was opposite to the expression profile of IFN-γ. Subsequently, over-expression of HMBOX1 significantly inhibited the expression and production of IFN-γ in NK... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141934 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141933&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839859%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study we investigated the role of Tregs in protecting OB in rat. We show that the combination of TGF-β, Interleukin (IL)-2, and all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) could induce naïve rat CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells to differentiate into CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in vitro, and they acquired suppressive function. In a rat orthotopic tracheal transplantation OB model, the adoptive transfer of the induced Tregs reduced symptoms of airway obliteration and fibrication of grafts when compared with adoptive transfer of control cells without suppressive property. Moreover, recipients treated with the induced Tregs secreted high level of immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-β and IL-10, and low level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6, and MCP-1, and had fewer effector T cells including... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141933 Tue, 09 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141937&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835269%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: ESW scheme seems to be safe and its use is beneficial since there are fewer adverse effects. Thymoglobulin induction therapy is associated with fewer rejection episodes. Induction therapy with thymoglobulin is associated with higher patient and allograft survival when comparing with anti-IL2R. PMID: 21835269 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141937 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141937 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141936&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21839184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oh KS, Oh BK, Mun J, Seo HW, Lee BH Abstract Salvianolic acid A, an active compound present in Salvia miltiorrhiza, is a phenolic carboxylic acid derivative, ((2R)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(E)-3-[2-[(E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethenyl]-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl] prop-2-enoyl]oxypropanoic acid). The present study was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects with salvianolic acid A, specially focused on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by targeting the IκB kinase β (IKKβ). The effect of salvianolic acid A for IKKβ activity was analyzed using an immobilized metal affinity for phosphochemicals (IMAP)-based time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. The underlying mechanisms of salvianolic acid A wer... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141936 Mon, 08 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141939&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835267%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li X, Lian LH, Bai T, Wu YL, Wan Y, Xie WX, Jin X, Nan JX Abstract Cryptotanshinone (CTN), one of the major constituents of tanshinones, was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. CTN inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Since CTN was considered as inhibiting LPS-triggered phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, we consequently evaluated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14, as well as phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). CTN reduced the expression of CD14 and TLR4, and s... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141939 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141938&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21835268%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: El-Shazly AE, Moonen V, Mawet M, Begon D, Henket M, Arafa M, Louis R, Delvenne P, Lefebvre PP Abstract Recently the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor CRTH2, gained a lot of attention as a pro-inflammatory molecule involved in eosinophil recruitment to the allergic airway. We investigated the expression of CRTH2 in eosinophil from allergic rhinitis patients (AR) and tested the modulatory role of several T(H1) and T(H2) cytokines closely related to the allergic immunological response, on the expression of CRTH2 receptor, utilizing human eosinophil cell line (Eol-1). The expression of CRTH2 was tested by immunohistochemistry and fluocytometry (FACS). Chemotaxis experiments were performed in 48 well micro-chemotaxis Boyden chambers. Herein, it is shown that the expression of CR... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141938 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141941&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21821152%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Liu LL, Lin LR, Lu CX, Fu JG, Chao PL, Jin HW, Zhang ZY, Yang TC Abstract We investigated the changes in characteristics of neutrophil CD11b, monocyte CD11b, platelet CD62P, endothelin (ET), and neutrophil CD178 in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) before and after primary coronary stenting. A total of 41 patients with CHD who underwent coronary stenting and 40 control subjects were enrolled in the study. In CHD patients, peripheral blood samples were taken 24h before and 30min, 24h, and 72h after successful coronary stenting. All markers were significantly elevated in patients with CHD compared with controls (P<0.05). Time-course studies revealed that the expressions of neutrophil CD11b, monocyte CD11b, platelet CD62P, and ET were lower at 30min post-operation... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141941 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141940&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21824530%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Farsam V, Hassan ZM, Hosseini AZ, Noori S, Mahdavi M, Ranjbar M Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been recently established that the efficacy of antitumor therapy will enhance if it benefits from immunostimulatory regimens. So, development of agents that specifically kill cancer cells and simultaneously elicit antitumor immune responses will be a step forward in cancer therapy. In the present study, we investigated whether the administration of artemether, an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin, contributes to the augmentation of antitumor immunity and the regression of tumor tissues in a mouse model of breast cancer. METHODS: An optimal immunostimulatory dose of artemether (ART) was defined by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and antibody production in s... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141940 Thu, 04 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141944&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820084%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, this study describes a cytokine modulator JTE-607, which inhibits production of IL-10, IL-1ra and C-reactive protein in a human model of endotoxemia. PMID: 21820084 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141944 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141943&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820085%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fitzner N, Zahner L, Habich C, Kolb-Bachofen V Abstract Unmethylated CpG-DNA motifs from pathogens are detected by the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), eliciting an inflammatory immune response. These DNA sequences have been identified as potent immune modifiers and are used as adjuvants in vaccine research. Since we previously found TLR9 expression and function in human endothelial cells, we have here investigated whether endothelial cells play a role in the recognition of respective ligands and whether their response might contribute to vaccination success. We determined the effect of CpG-DNA on the inflammatory response of human endothelial cells of aortic or skin microvascular origin (HAoEC, HDMEC and HMEC-1) and compared the effects to those o... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141943 Tue, 02 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5141942&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21820086%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-tumor effects of the anti-TfR monoclonal antibody (mAb), 7579, alone or in combination with Nimustine, a chemotherapeutic drug, on the gliomas cell lines U251 and U87MG. Our results indicated that 7579 alone dramatically down-regulated surface expression of TfR on tumor cells and induced S phase accumulation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Compared with 7579 or Nimustine used alone, the combination of 7579 with Nimustine demonstrated enhanced growth inhibitory effect on tumor cells. PI (Propidium iodide)/Annexin V staining analyzed by FCM (flow cytometry) demonstrated that 7579 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drug on tumor cells, indicating the therapeutic effect of 7579 was mediated mainly by promoting tumor cell necrosis. ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5141942 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5141942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106000&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Su HC, Ma CT, Lin CF, Wu HT, Chuang YH, Chen LJ, Tsao CW Sphingomyelinase (SMase) regulates an activation of the sphingomyelin cycle. Recent studies have shown that it is a novel modulator of monoamine receptor and transporter functions; however, its mechanisms are not fully understood. Our previous studies have found that interferon-alpha (IFN-α) up-regulates serotonin (5-HT) transporter expression and induces 5-HT uptake via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-dependent pathway in T cells, which is blocked by a selective 5-HT transporter inhibitor fluoxetine. In the present study, we further investigated the roles of various SMase inhibitors in IFN-α-induced 5-HT uptake, including sphingolactone-24 (sph24) for neutral SMase or tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106000 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105999&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21807124%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of deferiprone on suppressing in vitro responses of T cells from control and RRMS subjects. Peripheral blood T cells were co-stimulated with anti-CD3+anti-CD28 and cultured with or without interleukin 2 (IL-2). Proliferating CD4+ T cells from control and RRMS subjects, cultured with or without IL-2, decreased in response to 75μM deferiprone, although the extent of decreased proliferation of CD4+ T cells from RRMS subjects was less than for control subjects. Proliferating CD8+ T cells from control subjects, cultured with or without IL-2, also decreased in response to 75μM deferiprone, and this decrease was seen in proliferating CD8+ T cells from RRMS cultured with IL-2. CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+ cells from control subjects, cultu... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105999 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5105999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106001&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21802529%26dopt%3DAbstract This study investigated supplementing vaccination with monoclonal antibodies in a targeted fashion to increase vaccine efficacy while minimizing the required monoclonal antibody dose. Rats were vaccinated and then given individualized supplemental doses of the nicotine-specific monoclonal antibody Nic311 to achieve a target total serum NicAb concentration known to be effective for blocking locomotor sensitization (LMS) to nicotine. Rats received vaccine, Nic311, both, or neither, followed by 0.3mg/kg nicotine s.c. for 10days to produce LMS. Combination immunotherapy completely blocked the development of LMS, while monotherapy with vaccine or Nic311 alone was only minimally effective. Lower brain nicotine levels were associated with reduced locomotor activity averaged over days 7-10. Despit... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106001 Tue, 26 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106003&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798372%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tarrasón G, Aulí M, Mustafa S, Dolgachev V, Domènech MT, Prats N, Domínguez M, López R, Aguilar N, Calbet M, Pont M, Milligan G, Kunkel SL, Godessart N Agonists of the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, like fingolimod (FTY720), are a novel class of immunomodulators. Administration of these compounds prevents the egress of lymphocytes from primary and secondary lymphoid organs causing peripheral blood lymphopenia. Although it is well established that lymphopenia is mediated by S1P receptor type 1 (S1P1), the exact mechanism is still controversial. The most favored hypothesis states that S1P1 agonists cause internalization and loss of the cell surface receptor on lymphocytes, preventing them to respond to S1P. Hence, S1P1 agonists would behave in vivo as functional a... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106003 Mon, 25 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106002&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21798373%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joo HM, Hyun YJ, Myoung KS, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Han MJ, Kim DH Hydrogen peroxide-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from women's vaginas and their anti-inflammatory effects against Gardnerella vaginalis-induced vaginosis were examined in β-estradiol-immunosuppressed mice. Oral and intravaginal treatment with five LABs significantly decreased viable G. vaginalis numbers in vaginal cavities and myeloperoxidase activity in mouse vaginal tissues. Of the LABs examined, Lactobacillus johnsonii HY7042 (LJ) most potently inhibited G. vaginalis-induced vaginosis. This LAB also inhibited the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, and the activation of NF-κB in vaginal tissues, but increased IL-10 expression. Orally administered LJ (0.2×10(8)CFU/mous... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106002 Sun, 24 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106004&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21791252%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chu S, Zhong X, Zhang J, Lao Q, He Z, Bai J Foxp3- and ROR gamma t-expressing cells are involved in acquired immune responses. The change in Foxp3 and ROR gamma t expression in lung tissue and their role in emphysema has not been studied for COPD patients and normal smokers. In the present study, Foxp3 and ROR gamma t were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, and the expression and distribution of Foxp3, IL-17, IL-23R and CCR6 were measured by immunohistochemistry in peripheral lung tissue (10 smokers with COPD, 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers with normal lung function). Foxp3 expression was lower and ROR gamma t expression was higher in COPD patients when compared with smokers and nonsmokers (all P values were less than 0.001). Th... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106004 Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106004 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106011&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782039%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang H, Chen SC, Tang YQ, Dai YL Type I class A macrophage scavenger receptor (SR)-AI plays an important role in foam cell formation and in apoptosis in atherosclerosis, however the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we generated a pEGFP-C1-SR-AI plasmid construct for transient transfection of 293T human embryonic kidney cells and observed if SR-AI expression led: (i) to foam cell formation or apoptosis; and (ii) to expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bak-1 in cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The pEGFP-C1 (empty vector) transfected cell line was used as a control. Transfection efficiency of each group was >90% and transfected cells expressed functional SR-AI protein. Binding and uptake of 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine-labeled ox... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106011 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106011 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106006&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21782040%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nurul IM, Mizuguchi H, Shahriar M, Venkatesh P, Maeyama K, Mukherjee PK, Hattori M, Choudhuri MS, Takeda N, Fukui H Histamine plays major roles in allergic diseases and its action is mediated mainly by histamine H(1) receptor (H1R). We have demonstrated that histamine signaling-related H1R and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) genes are allergic diseases sensitive genes and their expression level affects severity of the allergic symptoms. Therefore, compounds that suppress histamine signaling should be promising candidates as anti-allergic drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of the extract from the bark of Albizia lebbeck (AL), one of the ingredients of Ayruvedic medicines, on H1R and HDC gene expression using toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) sensitized allergy model rats and He... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106006 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106005&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21784174%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mandhane SN, Shah JH, Thennati R Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammation of nasal mucosa mediated by IgE-associated processes occurring independently, or concurrently with asthma. AR is characterized by sensitization-formation and expression of antigen specific IgE, followed by inflammation in two phases. The early phase response involves cross linking of IgE molecules leading to degranulation of mast cells and release of preformed mediators such as histamine and tryptase, or newly synthesized mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The late phase response is predominated by the presence of eosinophils, lymphocytes, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Newer insights reveal that the whole phenomenon of immunological inflammation is intricately knit with neural pathw... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106005 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058775&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21771668%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Significant clinical or laboratory markers for autoimmunity in follow-up were not observed between receivers or non-receivers of OM-85 BV. Frequency of ANA positivity was comparable to the previously reported values in IgAD children which was not affected by OM-85 BV usage. Possible effect of triggering autoimmunity with repeated cures of bacterial lysates needs to be further clarified. Side effects requiring the cessation of treatment were not recorded. PMID: 21771668 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology) International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058775 Fri, 15 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5058776&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21745598%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Miao J, Zheng L, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhu W, Zou S To investigate whether taurine ameliorates mammary damage in a rat model of S. uberis mastitis by suppressing inflammation related to the toll-like receptors/nuclear factor kappa B (TLRs/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Starting on gestation day 14 and continuing until parturition, 100mg/kg of taurine (group TS) or an equal volume of physiological saline (group CS) was administered daily to rats. Seventy-two hours after parturition, rats were infused with 100cfu of S. uberis into each of 2 mammary glands. The resultant inflammation, evidenced by swelling, degeneration of secretory epithelium, increased tissue loss and neutrophil (PMN) infiltration was observed. Pretreatment with taurine attenuated inflammatory changes and significantly de... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5058776 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5058776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5011313&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21723424%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wang H, Wang M, Chen J, Tang Y, Dou J, Yu J, Xi T, Zhou C To assess the chemoprotective properties of a polysaccharide from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs (SEP), myelosuppressed and immunosuppressed mouse models were generated by administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy) and then treated with SEP. SEP (16mg/kg/d) remarkably increased spleen and thymus indices, activated the proliferation of leukocytes and erythrocytes and platelets from peripheral blood, and exhibited co-mitogenic activity on ConA- or LPS-stimulated splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner. An increased percentage of CD34(+) cells in bone marrow of Cy-treated mice was also observed. Furthermore, SEP elevated CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts as well as the CD4/CD8 ratio dose-dependently, and it increased interleukin-2 (IL... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5011313 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5011313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963062&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21689786%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walker MR, Makropoulos DA, Achuthanandam R, Van Arsdell S, Bugelski PJ Anti-CD28 superagonist (SA) mediated cytokine release syndrome (CRS), an adverse event resulting in systemic release of cytokines, is an emergent issue in drug development. CRS is of potential concern for all monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) particularly those directed against cell surface targets on lymphocytes. Concern regarding patient safety requires development of novel methods to predict these adverse reactions. Due to the inability of animal studies to predict CRS, we have developed a whole blood in vitro screen to support First in Human studies and assess the potential for mAbs to cause anti-CD28 SA-like CRS. For this purpose we have immobilized marketed mAbs, whose potential for causing CRS and milder ... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963062 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4963062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4963064&cid=s_35632_3_f&fid=35632&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21683166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Shin SH, Ye MK Nano-silver is used for its anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential clinical efficacy of nano-silver for its anti-inflammatory effect on respiratory epithelial cell inflammation. Primary nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) were exposed to Alternaria alternata, Der P1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B for 48h with or without various concentration of nano-silver, then the supernatants were collected. Cell cytotoxicities were measured using a CellTiter-96® aqueous cell proliferation assay kit. The interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor were measured to evaluate the inflammatory effects on the epithelial cells. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator prot... International Immunopharmacology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4963064 Tue, 14 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4963064