MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Behavioral Development' source. Fri, 10 Feb 2012 02:00:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513315&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F79%3Frss%3D1 In the current study we tested whether ADRA2B moderates stress regulation of Holocaust survivors as indexed by their diurnal cortisol secretion and cortisol reactivity to a stressor. Salivary cortisol levels of 54 female Holocaust survivors and participants in the comparison group were assessed during a routine day and in response to a stress-evoking procedure (an adapted version of the Trier Social Stress Test [TSST]). ADRA2B did not moderate differences between Holocaust survivors and participants in the comparison group in terms of cortisol reactivity to the TSST. Holocaust survivors with the wildtype ADRA2B, however, displayed higher diurnal cortisol levels than did participants in the comparison group with the same genotype, whereas no difference was found between these groups in carr... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513315 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513314&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F71%3Frss%3D1 This study examined children’s psychological symptoms, particularly aggression, in the context of family characteristics, exposure to political violence, and nationality. We examined the association among Palestinian and Israeli children’s and mothers’ attachment (measured by self-report questionnaires), exposure to political violence, and psychopathology. The sample consisted of 29 Palestinian mother–child dyads from the West Bank, and 21 Israeli mother–child dyads, from the south and center of Israel. Results revealed that when exposed to high levels of political violence, nonsecure mothers suffered from significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms compared to secure mothers, a gap that was significantly reduced under conditions of... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513314 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513313&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F62%3Frss%3D1 This study examined cross-cultural differences in the moderating function of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parenting styles for Jewish and Arab Israeli children exposed to political violence. Respondents were parents and children aged 10–11 from 94 families (42 Arab, 52 Jewish). Parents completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire, and children completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, Political Life Events Scale, and Negative Life Events Scale. Political violence exposure and parenting style influenced children’s psychological distress. Mothers’ and fathers’ parenting style moderated effects of political-violence exposure differently for Jewish and Arab children. These findings highlight the need to examine... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513313 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513312&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F53%3Frss%3D1 Mothers of adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are faced with high levels of parenting stress. The extent to which mothers are negatively impacted by this stress, however, may be influenced by their own genetic status. The present study uses a diathesis-stress model to examine the ways in which a genetic vulnerability in mothers with the premutation of the FMR1 gene interacts with child-related environmental stress to predict their morning cortisol levels. Seventy-six mothers of an adolescent or adult with FXS participated in an 8-day telephone diary study in which they reported on the behavior problems of their son or daughter with FXS each day. We analyzed salivary cortisol collected from mothers at awakening and 30 minutes after awakening on 4 of these days. The results... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513312 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513311&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F45%3Frss%3D1 Monkeys exposed to stress inoculation protocols early in life subsequently exhibit diminished neurobiological responses to moderate psychological stressors and enhanced cognitive control of behavior during juvenile development compared to non-inoculated monkeys. The present experiments extended these findings and revealed that stress inoculated monkeys: (a) mount neurobiological responses equivalent to non-inoculated monkeys when the stressor is of sufficient intensity, and (b) continue to exhibit enhanced cognitive control as young adults compared to non-inoculated monkeys. These results suggest that stress inoculation protocols alter the appraisal of and response to moderate stressors as less threatening and permanently enhance cognitive control, at least through early adulthood. These d... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513311 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513310&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F36%3Frss%3D1 Peer rejection powerfully predicts adolescent anxiety. While cognitive differences influence anxious responses to social feedback, little is known about neural contributions. Twelve anxious and twelve age-, gender- and IQ-matched, psychiatrically healthy adolescents received "not interested" and "interested" feedback from unknown peers during a chat room task administered in a neuroimaging scanner. No group differences emerged in subjective ratings to peer feedback, but all participants reported more negative emotion at being rejected (than accepted) by peers to whom they had assigned high-desirability ratings. Further highlighting the salience of such feedback, all adolescents, independently of anxiety levels, manifested elevated responses in the amygdala-hippocampal complex bilaterally, ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513310 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513309&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F29%3Frss%3D1 Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis stress response has been reported among individuals with prenatal substance exposure and those with early adversity exposure. However, few researchers have examined the combined effects of these risk factors. Patterns of HPA reactivity among maltreated foster children with and without prenatal substance exposure (N = 53; ages 9–12 years) were examined using the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI) analyses revealed that prenatal substance exposure or physical abuse significantly increased the likelihood of a negative AUCI (i.e., little or no HPA reactivity). Among children with prenatal substance exposure and physical abuse, 85% exhibited a negative AUCI. The results u... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513309 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513308&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F19%3Frss%3D1 Associations between early deprivation/neglect in the form of institutional care with the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were examined as a function of pubertal status among 12- and 13-year-old postinstitutionalized youth. CARs indexed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical reactivity. Postinstitutionalized youth were compared to youth adopted internationally from foster care (adoption control) and to nonadopted youth reared in families comparable in parental education and income to the adoptive families. Postinstitutionalized youth exhibited a blunted CAR if they were at earlier, but not if they were at later, stages of puberty. Similarly, for both groups of internationally adopted youth combined, earlier but not later stages of puberty were associated with more blunted CARs at higher b... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513308 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513307&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F11%3Frss%3D1 Institutional care has been shown to lead to insecure and disorganized attachments and indiscriminate friendliness. Some children, however, are surprisingly resilient to the adverse environment. Here the protective role of the long variant of the serotonin receptor gene (5HTT) is explored in a small hypothesis-generating study of 37 Ukrainian preschoolers reared in institutional settings or in their biological families. Attachment was observed with the Strange Situation Procedure, and indiscriminate social behavior was assessed in a semistructured interview with the caregiver. We found a moderating role of 5HTT for the association between adverse environment and attachment disorganization. Children with the ss or sl genotyope showed more attachment disorganization and less attachment secur... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513307 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513306&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F36%2F1%2F2%3Frss%3D1 Much research on the quality of child care reveals it —in the case of low-quality child care—to be related to poorer child functioning, net of confounding factors, perhaps especially in the case of cognitive-linguistic performance. Recent work using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (USA) makes clear that when children’s early negative emotionality/difficult temperament is taken into account, it also predicts externalizing problems reported by teachers through the primary school years. More negatively emotional infants are more affected—for better and for worse—by child care quality than less difficult ones, such that the latter appear unaffected by it but the former b... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513306 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5513305&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F36%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5513305 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5513305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438163&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F550%3Frss%3D1 Null hypothesis testing (NHT) is the most commonly used tool in empirical psychological research even though it has several known limitations. It is argued that since the hypotheses evaluated with NHT do not reflect the research-question or theory of the researchers, conclusions from NHT must be formulated with great modesty, that is, they cannot be stated in a confirmative way. Since confirmation or theory evaluation is, however, what researchers often aim for, we present an alternative approach that is based on the specification of explicit, informative statistical hypotheses. The statistical approach for the evaluation of these hypotheses is a Bayesian model-selection procedure. A non-technical explanation of the Bayesian approach is provided and it will be shown that results obtained w... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438163 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438162&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F542%3Frss%3D1 This paper presents the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised (IBQ-R). A group of 396 pairs of parents was studied, and a 3-factor structure of IBQ-R emerged with differences comparing to the original U.S. sample and a prior replication Russian sample. Analyses demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and high consistency rating between both parents' scores. Additionally, a comparison of the scores of IBQ-R scales between Polish and previously reported U.S. data was made, showing that Polish infants scored higher on negative affectivity scales and lower on surgency/extraversion and orientation/regulation scales. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438162 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438161&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F532%3Frss%3D1 The development of a diachronic conception of biology has rarely been explored during childhood, except by Maurice-Naville and Montangero (1992). The aim of the present study was to further explore this issue. In the course of an interview, 163 children aged between 6 and 11 expressed their diachronic conceptions of the growth and death of several living things. Results confirmed previous data and extended them to humans and animals, highlighting some diachronic dimensions previously identified by Maurice-Naville and Montangero regarding trees: past and future, seriation and identity appear before 10 years of age, while time span and rhythm, as well as irreversibility, were only mastered at 11 years. Our results confirm that the mastery of biological properties during childhood is partly c... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438161 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438160&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F517%3Frss%3D1 Pregnancy and early motherhood involve uncertainty and change, which can evoke mental health problems. We identified maternal mental health trajectories in pre- and postnatal period, and examined their association with later child mental health and development. Finnish mothers reported psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-36]) and depressive (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-13]) symptoms in pregnancy (T1; N = 788) and two months (T2; N = 657) and 12 months (T3; N = 545) postpartum. Both parents accounted their child’s mental health (Behavior Assessment System for Children [BASC]) and social (Social Skills Rating System [SSRS], Child Behavior Scale [CBS]) and cognitive development (Five to Fifteen [FTF]) when the child was 7–8 years old (T4; N = 485). We iden... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438160 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438159&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F507%3Frss%3D1 Recent findings from Western developed countries have linked home chaos to children’s cognitive performance and behavioral problems. In the present paper we test whether the same pattern of associations can be replicated in a non-Western developing country. Our sample was 203 Pakistani primary school children. To assess home chaos the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) was translated into Urdu and administered to mothers. Children were assessed using the parent and teachers rating forms of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children and the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Home chaos was not related to children’s cognitive performance. However, replicating previous findings from Western developed countries, greater home chaos uniquely predicted higher levels of ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438159 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438158&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F497%3Frss%3D1 With the aim of identifying and examining both convergence (matched relationship quality across one’s set of relationships) and nonconvergence (mixed relationship quality across one’s set of relationships), the present study used a pattern-centered approach to examine the different ways adolescent relationships pattern together among a large, national sample of U.S. adolescents (aged 13–19). The study also examined how adolescent adjustment and young-adult relationship quality varied across the different relationship patterns or constellations. The current study used latent class analysis and data from Add Health (n = 4,233), a national U.S. longitudinal study that spans adolescence and young adulthood, to uncover heterogeneity in adolescent relations with parents, friend... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438158 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438157&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F490%3Frss%3D1 Social capital has traditionally been defined in terms of the amount of resources that one derives as a result of a diversity of interpersonal relationships. However, the quality of these relationships across development has not been examined as a contributor to social capital and few studies have examined the significance of various age-salient relationships in predicting adaptive functioning, especially testing for cumulative effects over time. Using data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, developmental models spanning from infancy to adulthood were tested via path modeling, linking quality of various age-salient relationships (e.g., infant–caregiver attachment, peer competence, friendship security, and effectiveness in romantic relationships) to global a... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438157 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438156&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F482%3Frss%3D1 The predictive relations between social capital depth (high-quality relationships across contexts) and breadth (friendship network extensivity) and early-adult life adjustment outcomes were examined using data from a prospective longitudinal study. Interviews at age 22 yielded (a) psychometrically sound indexes of relationship quality with parents, peers, and romantic partners that served as indicators of a latent construct of social capital depth, and (b) a measure of number of close friends. In follow-up interviews at age 24, participants reported on their behavioral adjustment, educational attainment, and arrests and illicit substance use. Early-adolescent assessments of behavioral adjustment and academic performance served as controls; data on what were construed as interpersonal asset... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438156 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438155&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F475%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital assessed in early adulthood in linking self-control in childhood with psychological and social functioning in middle age. Data collected at ages 8, 27, and 42 years were based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (159 females, 177 males). Self-control was assessed at age 8 using teacher ratings and peer nominations. Social capital at age 27 was operationalized in terms of the breadth of the individuals’ social network and the depth of their close relationships. Psychological functioning at age 42 was indicated by, for instance, psychological well-being, and social functioning was indicated by, for instance, aggression. Results showed for females, but not for males, that ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438155 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438154&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F6%2F471%3Frss%3D1 In this Introduction, we highlight key themes in the conceptualization and measurement of social capital, drawing attention to its developmental roots, manifestations, and implications for health and well-being across the life course. Longitudinal methods are uniquely suited for charting pathways to and from social capital and for elucidating intermediate and proximal mechanisms that may explain its emergence and its role in healthy functioning. The four empirical articles in the Special Section make use of well-known longitudinal data sets to examine vertical and horizontal dimensions of social capital within and across critical developmental transitions. Collectively, the articles situate the construct of social capital within a behavioral perspective and shed new light on the nature and... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438154 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5438154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205231&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F457%3Frss%3D1 This study examined Black—White differences in growth of depressive affect using a longitudinal sample of middle-class, suburban U.S. subjects (n = 956) that spanned from adolescence to early adulthood. Specifically, this study examined whether Black—White differences in growth of depressive affect shift over time, and the extent to which that shift, if any, was associated with racial differences in the rate and mental health consequences of early adult social roles (e.g., living arrangements, work/college status, and single parenthood) and socioeconomic status (SES). As expected, growth in depressive affect pivoted around the onset of early adulthood, with the trajectory pivoting upward for Black Americans and downward for White Americans. Due to deficits in SES, the relation ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205231 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205230&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F449%3Frss%3D1 People’s response to stress depends to a large extent on their sense of perceived control over the situations they encounter. This longitudinal study of 136 children (70 girls) examined associations between attachment patterns and maternal sensitivity at 12 months of age, and perceived primary and secondary control at 11 years of age. Compared with children who were ambivalently attached in infancy, children who were securely attached reported a greater perceived primary control in general, and more primary control in interaction with their parents at 11 years of age. No such between-group difference in primary control tendencies was found in the context of reported interaction with peers. Higher maternal sensitivity in infancy was associated with higher perceived general primary con... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205230 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205229&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F441%3Frss%3D1 This study tested associations among parenting stress prior to a child’s kindergarten entry, the sustainability of family routines, and biomarkers of stress among parents following the kindergarten transition. Parents (N = 51) with higher prekindergarten scores on the Parenting Stress Index Short Form reported lower Family Routines Inventory scores following school entry relative to their baseline. Declining family routines, in turn, were associated following kindergarten entry with greater 5-day mean and variance in evening cortisol, and higher C-reactive protein, an inflammatory mediator. However, only the cortisol findings remained significant controlling for baseline physiology. These findings support a family systems, social-ecological approach to life course development, wherei... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205229 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205228&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F432%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study was to investigate whether temperament and cognitive abilities are related to recognition performance of Caucasian and African faces and of a nonfacial stimulus class, Greebles. Seventy Caucasian infants were tested at 3 months with a habituation/dishabituation paradigm and their temperament and cognitive abilities were measured. Analyses revealed that only infants with easy temperament recognized familiar Greebles from the habituation phase. A similar pattern was found for cognitive abilities showing that only infants with higher cognitive abilities recognized Greebles. Irrespectively of temperament and cognitive abilities, all infants recognized the faces. Thus, the data suggest that recognition of unfamiliar Greebles, but not of faces, is demanding for 3-mon... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205228 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205227&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F424%3Frss%3D1 Associations among parenting styles, parental authority beliefs, and adolescent—parent conflict were examined in 426 mothers of middle adolescents from 3 cities in Iran. Consistent with past research, mothers judged parental authority as less legitimate for personal than for conventional or prudential issues. Poorer, less educated mothers were more authoritarian in their parenting, and more authoritarian and less authoritative parenting and poorer maternal mental health were uniquely associated with more frequent and more intense conflicts. Conflicts were more frequent among mothers who evaluated parental authority as less legitimate for prudential issues and more legitimate for personal issues, particularly among mothers of boys. Despite broad variation in mothers’ education a... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205227 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205226&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F419%3Frss%3D1 The research area around aggression and violence in schools, and especially that on school bullying, has grown enormously in the last 30 years. There are good grounds for concern about these issues, given the negative effects of school bullying on mental health and in the more extreme cases, links to suicides. Intervention and prevention programs have grown since their origins in the 1980s, and are now quite varied and international. Recent meta-analyses suggest that on average, antibullying campaigns have had some modest success; but there is still much to understand about why programs vary in effectiveness, and much to learn about making prevention and intervention efforts more successful in the future. The five papers in this Special Section contribute to our knowledge in this respect. ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205226 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205225&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F412%3Frss%3D1 As a result of a quick succession of several spectacular events in schools, and the ensuing public discussion on the high rates of bullying in Austria, a national strategy for violence prevention in schools and preschools has been developed. In formulating the strategy, a systematic procedure involving international experts and a number of local stakeholders was applied. Six activity domains—(a) policy and advocacy, (b) information and public relations, (c) networking and cooperation, (d) knowledge transfer and education, (e) prevention and intervention, (f) evaluation and research—and the steps necessary for implementation were defined. This paper presents the national strategy. One measure, the Viennese Social Competence Training (ViSC) program, and the results obtained with ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205225 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205224&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F405%3Frss%3D1 In 2006, the Finnish Ministry of Education mandated our research group to develop an antibullying program for comprehensive schools. The new program, KiVa, includes both universal and indicated actions to reduce bullying. The present study reports the effects of KiVa on nine different forms of being bullied in a sample of 5,651 fourth to sixth graders from 78 schools (39 intervention, 39 control). The findings showed positive effects on each form of being bullied assessed. After 9 months of intervention, control school students were 1.32— 1.94 times as likely to be bullied as students in intervention schools. A well-designed, research-based program can thus reduce multiple forms of being bullied, and there might be no need to develop specific programs for different forms of bullying.... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205224 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205223&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F398%3Frss%3D1 In 2003 Australia was one of the first countries to develop an integrated national policy, called the National Safe Schools Framework (NSSF), for the prevention and management of violence, bullying, and other aggressive behaviors. The effectiveness of this framework has not yet been formally evaluated. Cross-sectional data collected in 2007 from 7,418 students aged 9 to 14 years old and 453 teachers from 106 representative Australian schools were analyzed to determine teachers’ perceptions about the extent of implementation of the NSSF, teachers’ capacity to address student bullying, and students’ reports of bullying in their school, 4 years following the framework’s dissemination. While methodological issues limit the findings, schools appear not to have widely imp... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205223 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205222&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F389%3Frss%3D1 The Promoting Relationships and Eliminating Violence Network (PREVNet) involves Canadian researchers and national organizations working to promote healthy relationships and prevent bullying. In this paper, we provide the rationale for establishing PREVNet, a description of the work of the network, and an assessment of the success of PREVNet. PREVNet’s strategic plan focuses on enhancing the practice of those who work with children and youth through knowledge mobilization under four strategy pillars: education and training, assessment and evaluation, prevention and intervention, and policy and advocacy. For this paper, we focus on proximal indicators of PREVNet’s success: growth of the network, participation in network activities, and development of knowledge mobilization resour... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205222 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205221&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F5%2F383%3Frss%3D1 The first Norwegian Manifesto (Manifesto-I) Against Bullying was launched by the Prime Minister in autumn 2002 and lasted for 2 years. A background for Manifesto-I was that school bullying had increased almost linearly in Norway with over 60% more victims and bullies since 1995. During the manifest period, the percentage of victims and bullies were reduced. After that period, from 2004 to 2008, the percentage of victims and bullies increased again, although a second manifesto (Manifesto-II) was launched by a new government in January 2006. The changes for both victims and bullies were significant. Preconditions for the success of the Manifesto-I and the activities comprising it are described, analysed, and compared with the Manifesto-II period. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205221 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205220&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F35%2F5%2F381%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205220 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007366&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F370%3Frss%3D1 This study presents a new approach to estimation of a nonlinear growth curve component with fixed and random effects in multilevel modeling. This approach can be used to estimate change in longitudinal data, such as day-of-the-week fluctuation. The motivation of the new approach is to avoid spurious estimates in a random coefficient regression model due to the synchronized periodical effect (e.g., day-of-the-week fluctuation) appearing both in independent and dependent variables. First, the new approach is introduced. Second, a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to examine the functioning of the proposed new approach in the case of small sample sizes. Third, the use of the approach is illustrated by using an empirical example. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Developme... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007366 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007365&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F358%3Frss%3D1 This study examined whether motives for identity commitments would add to the prediction of late adolescents’ adjustment beyond the effect of strength of commitment per se. In addition, it was examined how late adolescents’ identity-processing styles would relate to motives for commitment and whether motives for commitment would mediate between identity styles and adjustment. In a sample of 431 late adolescents it was found that autonomous and controlled motives were, respectively, positively and negatively related to adjustment even after taking into account the role of strength of commitment. Each of the three identity styles showed a specific pattern of associations with the motives for commitment, with an information-oriented style relating to the most autonomous and intern... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007365 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007364&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F352%3Frss%3D1 Aggressive behavior between children in schools is a topic that receives much interest as violence and aggressive behavior cause many maladaptive social outcomes in the school setting. In the current study the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was adapted as a measure of children’s implicit aggression, by assessing the association of the self category (vs. other) with the attribute concept of aggressive (vs. peaceful). In addition to the IAT, a questionnaire measure to assess explicit aggression was utilized. The main goal of the present contribution was to examine the predictive validity of measures of implicit as well as explicit aggression in predicting the scores in a competitive computer game as an indicator of children’s aggressive behavior. Taken together, the results indi... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007364 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007363&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F343%3Frss%3D1 Using seven waves of data, collected twice a year from the 8th through the 11th grades in a low-resource community in Cape Town, South Africa, we aimed to describe the developmental trends in three specific leisure experiences (leisure boredom, new leisure interests, and healthy leisure) and substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) behaviors and to investigate the ways in which changes in leisure experiences predict changes in substance use behaviors over time. Results indicated that adolescents’ substance use increased significantly across adolescence, but that leisure experiences remained fairly stable over time. We also found that adolescent leisure experiences predicted baseline substance use and that changes in leisure experiences predicted changes in substance use beh... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007363 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007362&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F329%3Frss%3D1 Using data from 1,676 youth who participated in three waves (Grades 6 to 8) of the longitudinal, 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, we tested two series of hierarchal linear models to examine the role of peer support, associating with ‘‘problem-behaving’’ friends, and bullying involvement in the development of behavioral and emotional school engagement during early adolescence. Results indicated peer support positively predicted behavioral and emotional school engagement, whereas associating with problem-behaving friends and bullying involvement were negatively associated with both aspects of school engagement. When students were older, the positive influences of positive peer support on emotional engagement appeared stronger. Similarly, the negative influence... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007362 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007361&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F317%3Frss%3D1 We assessed linkages between parents’ beliefs and their children’s self-construals with 60 7th and 8th graders. Early adolescents completed an open-ended, Self-Guide Questionnaire and an independent and interdependent reaction-time measure. The self-guide responses were coded for independent and interdependent traits. Parents reported beliefs about the danger of emotions and parental guidance of emotions. When parents were high in beliefs about danger of emotions, and about parental guidance, early adolescents more rapidly responded to traits, especially interdependent traits. When parents were low in beliefs about both danger of emotions and parental guidance, daughters, but not sons, included fewer independent and interdependent traits in their self-construals. Girls responde... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007361 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007360&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F307%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this report was to investigate the associations between attachment state of mind, romantic attachment style, and indices of maternal functioning in two relational spheres: the mother—child relationship (i.e., maternal sensitivity and child attachment security) and the marital relationship (i.e., mothers’ and their partners’ marital satisfaction). The results, based on 59 families, indicated that attachment state of mind was associated with maternal sensitivity and with child attachment security, although not to mothers’ or their partners’ subjective feelings of marital satisfaction. In contrast, romantic attachment styles were related to both mothers’ and their partners’ marital satisfaction, although not to maternal sensitivity or child... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007360 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007359&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F298%3Frss%3D1 To examine whether learning difficulties play a role in depressive symptoms, 658 Finnish adolescents were asked to complete scales for depression three times during the transition to post-comprehensive education. They also reported on their learning difficulties and feelings of inadequacy as a student. The results showed that learning difficulties prospectively predicted depressive symptoms. Moreover, the impact of learning difficulties was mediated via inadequacy as a student: learning difficulties predicted feelings of inadequacy as a student which, in turn, contributed to greater increases in depressive symptoms. Finally, gender moderated the association between learning difficulties and depressive symptoms: both being a girl and having a high level of learning difficulties predicted a ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007359 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5007358&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F4%2F289%3Frss%3D1 Despite wide recognition of the important role of student bystanders in influencing peer aggression in schools, little is currently known about what influences students to intervene in defense of peer aggression victims. This longitudinal study involving 1,167 primarily white adolescents (aged 12—15 years, 613 females) investigated the role of social cognitive factors and empathy as predictors of students defending victims of peer aggression. High levels of collective efficacy beliefs in the ability of students and teachers to work together to stop peer aggression were associated with higher frequency of defending behavior over time. For girls, empathy was also associated with defending over time. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5007358 Tue, 05 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5007358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820228&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F282%3Frss%3D1 Sai (2005) investigated the role of speech in newborns’ recognition of their mothers’ faces. Her results revealed that, when presented with both their mother’s face and that of a stranger, newborns preferred looking at their mother only if she had previously talked to them. The present study attempted to extend these findings to any other faces. By using video films, our results revealed that unfamiliar female faces were recognized in the test phase only if they had previously talked to the baby, but not if they had been silent. These results highlight the importance of an early audiovisual perception which already seems to play an important role in face processing at birth. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820228 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820227&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F271%3Frss%3D1 The study examined adolescents’ emotional separation and detachment from parents, analyzing their relations with connectedness and agency, with some aspects of self—other boundary regulation and with problem behavior. The participants were 331 Italian adolescents, aged from 16 to 19 years (mean age = 17.40, SD = 1.14). Separation and detachment were positively related; they were negatively related to connectedness; detachment was also negatively associated to agency. Emotional separation was negatively predicted by empathic concern, perspective-taking and separate self; emotional detachment was negatively predicted by empathic concern and self—other differentiation. Separation negatively predicted internalizing behavior, and detachment positively predicted internalizing a... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820227 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820226&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F260%3Frss%3D1 This study examined patterns of mothers’ and fathers’ acceptance and youths’ friendship intimacy among 246 Mexican-origin 7th graders. Three patterns were identified using mixture modeling: (a) low mother and father acceptance, and average friendship intimacy (Low Parent Profile); (b) average mother acceptance, high father acceptance and friendship intimacy (Positive Profile); and (c) high mother acceptance, average father acceptance, and low friendship intimacy (Low Friend Profile). Profiles differed with respect to cultural characteristics and youth adjustment. Findings demonstrated the benefit of a person-oriented approach to illuminate how parental and peer experiences are connected in different ways for different youth and are linked with youth adjustment. Results hi... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820226 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820225&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F246%3Frss%3D1 The present study explores the bidirectional associations between parental behavior and child externalizing behavior in the context of two intervening variables: child’s personality as a moderator of the effect of parental behavior on later child behavior; and parental self-efficacy as a mediator of the effect of child behavior on later parental behavior. Data were collected twice within one year from a sample of 340 preschoolers and their parents. Using latent variable SEM, three models were computed separately for mother—child and father—child dyads. A bidirectional effect was verified for the mothers, but only a child effect was observed for the fathers. Expected mediation by self-efficacy was verified. Finally, a partial moderating role for child’s personality w... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820225 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820224&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F233%3Frss%3D1 This paper is aimed at analyzing verbal and nonverbal strategies in terms of body contact, face-to-face contact, and discourse style during the first three months of life in two cultural communities that have been characterized as embodying different cultural models of parenting: German middle-class, and Nso farmer families. It can be demonstrated that the Nso mothers have significantly higher rates of body contact during the assessments of free-play interactions during the first 12 weeks than the German women. The German women on the other hand demonstrate the expected increase of face-to-face contact, whereas the Nso women demonstrate a significantly lower and stable pattern of face-to-face contact over the assessments. The German mothers use an agentic discourse style, whereas the Nso m... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820224 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820223&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F225%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the impact of gender, the gender-related self-concept (agency and communion), and the timing of parenthood on objective career success of 1,015 highly educated professionals. Hypotheses derived from a dual-impact model of gender and career-related processes were tested in a 5-wave longitudinal study over a time span of 10 years starting with participants’ career entry. In line with our hypotheses we found that the communal component of the gender self-concept had an impact on parenthood, and the agentic component influenced work hours and objective career success (salary, status) of both women and men. Parenthood had a negative direct influence on women’s work hours and a negative indirect influence on women’s objective career success. Women who ha... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820223 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820222&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F218%3Frss%3D1 This study (N = 520 high-school students) investigates the influence of parental work involvement on adolescents’ own plans regarding their future work involvement. As expected, adolescents’ perceptions of parental work behavior affected their plans for own work involvement. Same-sex parents served as main role models for the adolescents’ own plans, whereas opposite-sex parents served as models for the preferred degree of work participation for the adolescents’ future life partners. Interestingly, ideals of how much one’s own parents should have worked were substantially more important than the actual parental work involvement during their childhood. Adolescents, then, are influenced by their parents as role models but they reflect and modify these models acco... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820222 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820221&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F210%3Frss%3D1 In this paper we examine the associations between gender, family background, general cognitive ability (g), teenage career aspirations, and career attainment in mid adulthood drawing on two large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N = 6,474) and in 1970 (N = 5,081). A developmental-contextual model of career development is tested, using Structural Equation Modelling to map the pathways linking early experiences to adult outcomes. Results show that in both cohorts career aspirations measured at age 16 predict career attainment of cohort members in their mid 30s, even after controlling for family social background and general cognitive ability. Compared to their less ambitious peers, those with aspirations for a professional job are more likely to participate in f... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820221 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820220&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F202%3Frss%3D1 This study examined what kinds of groups can be identified according to students’ task-values across four subject domains (languages, math and science, social sciences, practical subjects) and the related gender differences using a person-centered approach. Latent class analysis was applied to classify 638 students (mean age = 15) into four task-value groups, namely, all-subjects (55%), practical-subjects (5.7%), high-math-and-science (20.2%) and low-math-and-science (19.1%) groups. Significant gender differences were found: boys dominated the high-math-and-science group (boys = 98%), while girls dominated the low-math-and-science group (girls = 82%). Compared to the low-math-and-science group, the high-math-and-science group reported a stronger tendency in furthering their studies i... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820220 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820219&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F3%2F195%3Frss%3D1 I summarize a theoretical model of the social, cultural, and psychological influences on achievement-related choices and outline how this model can help us understand gendered educational and occupational choices. I argue that both gender differences and individual differences within each gender in educational and occupational choices are linked to differences in individuals’ expectations for success and subjective task value. With regard to the gender difference in the occupations linked to math and physical science in particular, females are less likely to enter these fields than males both because they have less confidence in their math and physical science abilities and because they place less subjective value on these fields than they place on other possible occupational niches.... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820219 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820218&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F35%2F3%2F193%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820218 Wed, 11 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4820218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591375&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F180%3Frss%3D1 In the present paper, the application of a parametric bootstrap procedure, as described by van de Schoot, Hoijtink, and Dekovic (2010), will be applied to demonstrate that a direct test of an informative hypothesis offers more informative results compared to testing traditional null hypotheses against catch-all rivals. Also, more power can be gained when informative hypotheses are tested directly. In this paper we will (a) compare the results of traditional analyses with the results of this novel methodology; (b) introduce applied researchers to the parametric bootstrap procedure for the evaluation of informative hypotheses; and (c) provide the results of a simulation study to demonstrate power gains when using inequality constraints. We argue that researchers should directly evaluate ineq... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591375 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591374&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F169%3Frss%3D1 Jalan Sesama was developed to address the developmental needs of Indonesian children ages 3 to 6 years. Using a randomized experimental research study design, this study examined the effect of a 14-week intervention on 160 children in the Pandeglang District in Indonesia’s Banten Province. Results offer solid evidence that early cognitive skills, literacy, mathematics, health and safety knowledge, social development, environmental awareness, and cultural awareness significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention. Those with the greatest exposure to Jalan Sesama performed the best, even after controlling for baseline scores, gender, age, and parents’ education. This paper describes how an educational media intervention can have great benefits, even in locales where the ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591374 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591373&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F161%3Frss%3D1 This study examined links between paternal and maternal parenting factors and preschool hyperactivity in a community sample. Forty-one hyperactive and 38 comparison boys (aged 47—62 months) and their fathers and mothers were assessed on a range of interview, parent questionnaire, and observational measures of parenting and child behavior. Results showed that less observed maternal warmth, fathers’ self-reported overreactive and less authoritative parenting practices, and less satisfaction with parenting (fathers and mothers) were all significantly related to child hyperactivity, following statistical adjustment for the effects of child conduct problems and maternal age. Lower rates of observed paternal and maternal sensitivity were not significantly associated with preschool hy... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591373 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591372&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F152%3Frss%3D1 This study examined neurocognitive predictors of proposed subtypes of adolescent risk behavior: planned (premeditated) versus unplanned (spontaneous). Adolescents (N = 69, 49% male, M = 15.1 [1.0] years) completed neurocognitive tasks (Iowa Gambling Task [IGT], and Game of Dice Task [GDT]) and a self-report measure indicating whether past-year risk behaviors were planned or unplanned. As hypothesized, identifying more beneficial choices on the neurocognitive tasks and perceiving benefits of risk behavior to outweigh costs predicted engagement in planned versus unplanned risk behavior. This study is the first to use neurocognitive assessments to differentiate planned and unplanned subtypes of risk behavior. Understanding mechanisms underlying these subtypes may inform prevention programs ta... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591372 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591371&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F144%3Frss%3D1 This study focused on the dyadic defending relationships of victimized children in grades 3, 4, and 5 (N = 7481 children from 356 school classes, mean ages 10—12 years). Most of the victims (72.3%) had at least one defender. Being defended was positively related to victims’ adjustment and social status. Analyses on victim—defender dyads showed that they were usually same-gender relationships. Victims usually liked their defenders and perceived them as popular, although the latter effect was weaker. Also other classmates perceived defenders as popular, indicating that defenders enjoy a high status among their peers in general. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591371 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591370&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F136%3Frss%3D1 Parenting behaviors during times when young children may feel vulnerable, such as when encountering novelty, undoubtedly affect how children learn to regulate their reactions to these events. Theory suggests and some research supports the link between protective behavior—behaviors that shield the child from a potential threat—and regulation of emotions. Less is known, however, about the immediate effects of these behaviors on children’s distress. That is, do these protective behaviors alleviate distress in the moment? Presumably, this type of ‘‘successful’’ regulation of distress would be important for the development of successful regulation in other situations. To this end, the current study examined changes in the time course of toddlers’ ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591370 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591369&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F125%3Frss%3D1 Latent growth curve modeling was used to describe longitudinal trends in community and religious involvement and Marcia’s (1966) four identity statuses (diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, and achievement), as well as to assess relations between involvement and identity change. Cross-lagged regression models explored temporal ordering of relations between involvement and identity. The study involved 418 participants (Wave 1 M age = 17.44, SD = .81) over four occasions. Individuals on average showed decreases in community and religious involvement, identity diffusion, foreclosure, and moratorium, and no significant change in identity achievement. For community involvement, rates of change were related negatively to those for diffusion and positively to those for achievement. For relig... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591369 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591368&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F116%3Frss%3D1 Developmental scholars assert that parents are important in fostering prosocial behaviors in adolescents, but longitudinal investigations on this topic are limited. Participants consisted of 372 boys and 358 girls with a mean age of 10.84 years (SD = 1.57) at Wave 1 from a mostly middle class community in Spain. Across three successive years, participants completed measures of fathers’ and mothers’ warmth and strict control, sympathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and self- and peer-reported prosocial behaviors. Results showed that parental warmth, sympathy, and prosocial moral reasoning were predictive of prosocial behaviors. Further analyses showed bidirectional effects such that early prosocial behaviors predicted later parenting and adolescents’ prosociality. Findings le... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591368 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591367&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F107%3Frss%3D1 We examined inattention/overactivity (I/O) over time and in relation to caregiving in three matched groups: (1) Romanian Orphans (RO) with a minimum of eight months’ deprivation prior to adoption, (2) Early Adopted (EA) children adopted from Romania prior to age four months, and (3) Canadian Born (CB) non-adopted children. Comparisons among groups at 4.5, 10.5, and 17 years of age revealed significantly greater I/O in the Romanian Orphan than Canadian Born group at all ages, and greater than the Early Adopted group at ages 4.5 and 10.5. Canadian Born and Early Adopted groups did not differ. Rates of borderline clinical I/O among Romanian Orphans were significantly higher than rates found in the general population; Canadian Born and Early Adopted groups did not differ from the general... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591367 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4591366&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F2%2F97%3Frss%3D1 This 30-year longitudinal study examined pathways from problematic childhood behavior patterns to future disadvantaged conditions for family environment and child rearing in adulthood. Participants were mothers (n = 328) and fathers (n = 222) with lower income backgrounds participating in the ongoing Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine pathways from childhood aggression and social withdrawal to future high school drop-out, early parenthood, parental absence, and family poverty after the participants became parents. Childhood aggression directly predicted early parenthood and parental absence in both mothers’ and fathers’ models, and high school drop-out for the fathers (for the mothers, this path was indirect via achievement in ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4591366 Tue, 15 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4591366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277648&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F84%3Frss%3D1 We compared the predictive validity of five aggregation methods for multiple informant data on child and adolescent behavior problems. In addition, we compared the predictive validity of these aggregation methods with single informant scores. Data were derived from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 175). Maternal and teacher reports of child behavior problems were obtained at ages 7 and 16 using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher Report Form (TRF). Adolescent self-report of child behavior problems was obtained at age 16 (Youth Self-Report). Adolescent psychopathology data was obtained at age 17.5 using a semi-structured diagnostic interview (The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia; K-SADS). Results generally showed that the lat... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277648 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277647&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F78%3Frss%3D1 Recent studies in neuroimagery and cognitive psychology support the view of sensory-motor based knowledge: when processing an object concept, neural systems would re-enact previous experiences with this object. In this experiment, a conceptual switching cost paradigm derived from Pecher, Zeelenberg, and Barsalou (2003, 2004) was used to investigate sensory-motor simulation in children’s conceptual processing. Adults and 7-year-old children performed a property verification task involving visual and motor properties of manipulable artifacts. Verification times were compared for target trials preceded by a trial in which the property either involved the same modality or a different one. By 7 years of age, results revealed a modality switching cost with longer verification times in the ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277647 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277646&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F67%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the processes and predictors of change in maternal ratings of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and attachment security in 70 infant girls adopted from China at a mean age of 13.5 months. These children’s mental and language development were also directly assessed. The adopted children were assessed within the first month of adoption and again six, 12 and 24 months later. Comparisons were made with 43 girls of similar age and family background. Results indicated that from six months postadoption onward, adopted children exhibited a rapid increase in internalizing symptoms, especially in emotion reactivity. Adopted children initially formed attachment rapidly. Growth in attachment gradually slowed down over time. Individual differences that emerged in the ra... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277646 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277645&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F58%3Frss%3D1 This study explores reciprocal relations between children’s attachment representations and their cognitive ability. Previous literature has mainly focused on the prediction of cognitive abilities from attachment, rarely on the reverse prediction. This was explored in the current research. Attachment representations were assessed with the Attachment Story Completion Task (Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990); the IQ was measured with the WPPSI-III (Wechsler, 2004). Data were collected twice, at a two-year interval, from about 400 preschoolers. Reasoning IQ was found to influence the development of secure attachment representations, while attachment security and disorganization influenced later verbal IQ. The implications of the findings for both clinical and research purposes ar... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277645 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277644&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F48%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to examine the antecedents of cross-racial/ethnic friendships and same-racial/ethnic friendships. The sample consisted of 444 (161 African American, 108 European American, 100 Asian American, and 75 Latino) children who were in the fourth grade from 39 classrooms in 10 public elementary schools. Results of Mixed Linear Models demonstrated that social preference was associated with relative increases in same-racial/ethnic friendships; and leadership skills and the inhibition of relational aggression were related to relative increases in cross-racial/ethnic friendships. Further, social preference weakened and leadership skills reinforced the stability of cross-racial/ethnic friendships. Developmental processes, involving social preference, social behavior, classroom... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277644 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277643&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F38%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between trait anxiety and memory functioning in young children was investigated. Two studies were conducted, using tasks tapping verbal and visual-spatial short-term memory (Study 1) and working memory (Study 2) in preschoolers. On the verbal storage tasks, there was a detrimental effect of anxiety on processing efficiency (duration of preparatory intervals) on Word Span. Performance effectiveness (memory span) did not differ between high-anxious and low-anxious children. In the second study, evaluating memory updating in a dual-task context, high-anxious children performed worse than low-anxious children on two verbal working memory tasks. Therefore, when simple verbal storage is required, high-anxious children show only efficiency deficits; when executive demands are hig... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277643 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277642&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F27%3Frss%3D1 An Italian translation of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) was developed and evaluated with 110 infants, demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency, discriminant validity, and construct validity in the form of gender and age differences, as well as factorial integrity. Cross-cultural differences were subsequently evaluated for matched samples of Italian and United States (US) (N = 110) 3—12-month-olds. Across infancy, parents of US infants reported higher levels of activity, high and low intensity pleasure, and vocal reactivity, whereas Italian infants, particularly males, were rated higher on cuddliness. In early infancy only, US infants were viewed as higher on high intensity pleasure and perceptual sensitivity. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Dev... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277642 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277641&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F18%3Frss%3D1 This study assessed the benefit of a multisensory intervention on the recognition of geometrical shapes in kindergarten children. Two interventions were proposed, both conducted by the teachers and involving exercises focused on the properties of the shapes but differing in the sensory modalities used to explore them. In the ‘‘VH’’ intervention, the visual and haptic modalities were used to explore the raised shapes while only the visual modality was involved in the ‘‘V’’ (Visual) intervention. We compared the effect of the two interventions on the acquisition of conceptual knowledge about squares, rectangles and triangles in 72 preschoolers. Results showed that children progressed more importantly following VH than V intervention for rectang... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277641 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4277640&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F35%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 Despite consensus that development shapes every aspect of coping, studies of age differences in coping have proven difficult to integrate, primarily because they examine largely unselected age groups, and utilize overlapping coping categories. A developmental framework was used to organize 58 studies of coping involving over 250 age comparisons or correlations with age. The framework was based on (1) conceptualizations of coping as regulation to suggest ages at which coping should show developmental shifts (Skinner & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2009), and (2) notions of hierarchical families to clarify which coping categories should be distinguished at each age (Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003). Developmental patterns in coping (e.g., problem-solving, distraction, support-seeking, esca... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4277640 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4277640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117919&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F564%3Frss%3D1 Recent years have seen an impressive increase in web-based research, of which we review and discuss two main types. First, researchers can create online versions of traditional questionnaires. Using the internet in this way usually does not compromise the psychometric properties of such measures, and participants are typically not less representative of the general population than those of traditional studies. Technical guidelines are provided to set up such studies, and thorny issues such as participants’ anonymity are discussed. We will also discuss issues regarding the assessment of minors and the repeated assessment of participants to assess developmental changes via the web. Second, the internet has changed the way people interact with each other. The study of the psychosocial c... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117919 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117918&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F554%3Frss%3D1 We first examined how war-related traumatic events impact on peer and sibling relations, and how the quality of these relations in turn are associated with children’s mental health, indicating a mediation model. Second, we tested the moderating (protective) effects of good peer and sibling relations in attenuating the link between trauma and mental health. The participants were 227 Palestinian boys and girls aged 10—14 years living in the Gaza Strip. They reported\ their exposure to military trauma, evaluated the qualities of peer relationships (loneliness and friendship) and siblingship (warmth, intimacy, conflict and rivalry), and reported symptoms of PTSD, CDI depression and SDQ psychological distress. The results show that exposure to military trauma was associated with int... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117918 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117917&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F547%3Frss%3D1 To examine the ontogeny of emotion—attention interactions, we investigated whether infants exhibit adult-like biases in automatic and voluntary attentional processes towards fearful facial expressions. Heart rate and saccadic eye movements were measured from 7-month-old infants (n = 42) while viewing non-face control stimuli, and neutral, happy, and fearful facial expressions flanked after 1000 ms by a peripheral distractor. Relative to neutral and happy expressions, fearful expressions resulted in a greater cardiac deceleration response during the first 1000 ms of face-viewing and in a relatively long-lasting suppression of face-to-distractor saccades. The results suggest that the neural architecture for the integration of emotional significance with automatic attentional orienting ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117917 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117916&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F538%3Frss%3D1 This study followed a school-based sample (N = 920) to explore how trajectories of depressive symptoms and expressed anger from age 18 to 25, along with important life transitions, predicted life and career satisfaction at age 32. A two-group (women and men) bivariate growth model revealed that higher depressive symptoms at age 18 predicted lower life satisfaction in men and women, and lower career satisfaction in women. Slower declines across emerging adulthood in women’s depressive symptoms predicted lower life satisfaction, but slower declines in women’s expressed anger predicted higher career satisfaction. Marital and employment-related transitions were differentially related to men’s and women’s life and career satisfaction. Paths to success in young adulthood ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117916 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117915&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F529%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the quality of maternal mind-mindedness among adult and adolescent mothers, using an assessment of the appropriateness and emotional valence of maternal mind-related comments while interacting with their infants. Twenty-nine adult mothers and 69 adolescent mothers participated in two assessments with their 18-month-old infants. Results showed that adult mothers used more mind-related comments when interacting with their child, especially comments referring to infant mental states. Adult mothers also used more appropriate and positive mind-related comments. Home observations and strange situation assessments revealed that two dimensions of mind-mindedness were associated with maternal sensitivity and three with infant attachment in adult mothers, whereas only one dimen... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117915 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117914&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F521%3Frss%3D1 We examined self-descriptions of children of Somali refugee families in Australian primary schools, focusing on how children’s school-related skills and needs relate to the interpretive frames of mainstream and ethnic cultures. Three groups of Grade 5 and 6 children (Somali, Disadvantaged, Advantaged) made choices among school-related skills, and rated feelings and needs for the transition to high school. Findings indicate a general goodness of fit between emphases of the mainstream culture and Somali children’s choices (sport, maths), while reflecting some values of their ethnic interpretive frames (rejecting art, music). Gender stereotypic differences did not interact with culture. Children’s computer-based choices provide a basis for bringing together studies of develo... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117914 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117913&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F511%3Frss%3D1 The present study aims to examine whether the inhibitory processes and impulsive-cognitive style can influence the emergence of coordination level among 61 children aged 3 to 5 years. Luria’s tapping tasks, Day—Night tasks, Hand—Candle tasks, Go—NoGo tasks and the Trail Making Tests of Reitan, all involving inhibitory processes, were conducted. The reflective attitude of children was determined with Kagan’s Matching Familiar Figures Test. The performances of unipedal stance, overarm throw and hopping were recorded for each child. The results showed that the inhibition task performances were correlated with coordination level for the three motor skills for the 3—4-year-olds children only. More specifically, the non-verbal inhibition was more a coordinatio... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117913 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117912&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F500%3Frss%3D1 Immigration presents both challenges and opportunities that affect students’ academic achievement. Over the course of five years, varying academic trajectories were identified for recent immigrant students from Central America, China, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico. Latent class growth curve analysis revealed that although some students performed at high or improving levels over time, others showed diminishing performance. Multinomial logistic regressions identified significant group differences in academic trajectories, particularly between the high-achieving youth and the other groups. Consistent with ecological systems theory, school characteristics (a: school segregation rate; b: school poverty rate; and c: student perceptions of school violence), family characteristic... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117912 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117911&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F491%3Frss%3D1 In contrast to the abundant research on family relationships during adolescence, the nature of family interactions during young adulthood remains comparatively unexamined. The current study explored ethnic differences in young adults’ interactions with parents and siblings, the role of other activities in young adults’ family interactions, and the association of family interactions with young adults’ psychological distress and well-being. A total of 220 young adults (Mage = 25.5 years) from Latin American, East Asian, Filipino, and European backgrounds in the United States reported their family interactions, daily activities, and psychological distress and well-being using daily diaries for 14 days. As expected, time spent in work, school, and other relationships was foun... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117911 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4117910&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F6%2F481%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated whether adolescents’ appraisals of their education-related goals change during the transition from comprehensive school to postcomprehensive secondary education (academic vs. vocational track) and how such appraisals contribute to their self-esteem. Six hundred and seven 16-year-old adolescents were surveyed three times: (1) at the beginning, (2) at the end of the final spring term of comprehensive school, and (3) one year after the transition to postcomprehensive secondary education. They were asked to appraise their education-related goal in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic reasons for goal striving, goal progress, effort, and stress. The results showed that, when adolescents ended up in a mode of education that was congruent with their skills, their intrins... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4117910 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4117910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899058&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F473%3Frss%3D1 Do interventions work and for whom? For this article, we examined the influence of population heterogeneity on power in designing and evaluating interventions. On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations in Study 1, we demonstrated that the power to detect the overall intervention effect is lower for a mixture of two subpopulations than for a homogeneous population with the same average effect size. We also examined how obtaining covariate information for the outcome and risk status (i.e., latent subclass membership) affects power. For Study 2, we moved from the simulation to assess power in the design and evaluation of an intervention for antisocial children. We illustrated the importance of considering population heterogeneity because interventions have different impacts on different ‘... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899058 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899057&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F462%3Frss%3D1 Temperamentally exuberant children may be at risk for emotion regulation problems, but this may also depend on their capacity for effortful control. To examine this issue, we assessed 72 typically-developing 3- to 5-year-olds. Child exuberance, effortful control, and emotion regulation were assessed via maternal report and observations of child behavior. Emotion regulation problems were elevated among children showing high exuberance and among children showing low effortful control. However, during a disappointing task, children with high exuberance showed stable, elevated levels of organized emotion regulation regardless of effortful control; for children with low exuberance, only those who also showed high effortful control showed comparable levels of organized emotion regulation. Implic... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899057 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899057 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899056&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F452%3Frss%3D1 Using data from 195 dyads of mothers and children (age range = 8—12 years; M = 10.63) in four countries (China, India, the Philippines, and Thailand), this study examined children’s perceptions of maternal hostility as a mediator of the links between physical discipline and harsh verbal discipline and children’s adjustment. Both physical discipline and harsh verbal discipline had direct effects on mothers’ reports of children’s anxiety and aggression; three of these four links were mediated by children’s perceptions of maternal hostility. In contrast, there were no significant direct effects of physical discipline and harsh verbal discipline on children’s reports of their own anxiety and aggression. Instead, both physical discipline and harsh verba... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899056 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899055&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F441%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to explore child and adolescent personality in the Russian culture, addressing gender and age differences, and to examine personality and family effects on children’s Internalizing and Externalizing problems. Parents of 1,640 Russian children aged 3—18 years completed the Inventory of Child Individual Differences measuring personality, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire measuring problem behavior, and reported about family background. Girls scored higher than boys on the Conscientiousness domain and on the Intelligent and Considerate scales, but lower on Activity. In younger children, Extraversion was higher; in older children, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Shyness were higher; Distractibility was highest in early adolescence. The gend... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899055 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899054&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F427%3Frss%3D1 Canadian data based on maternal reports for a nationally representative sample of 4,521 4—5-year-olds were used to examine associations among child care, family factors, and behaviors in preschool-aged children. Linear regressions testing for direct and moderated associations indicated that regulated home-based care was associated with less physical aggression and less prosocial behavior while high process quality in home-based care was associated with greater prosocial behavior. Among children in home-based settings, being in at least one additional current child care arrangement was linked with greater physical aggression, and low child care stability was linked to greater hyperactivity-inattention, internalizing behavior, and prosocial behaviors. For family factors, parenting beha... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899054 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899053&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F417%3Frss%3D1 Three studies were conducted to determine whether 7- and 9-month-old infants generalize face identity to a novel pose of the same face when only internal face sections with and without an emotional expression were presented. In Study 1, 7- and 9-month-old infants were habituated to a full frontal or three-quarter pose of a face with neutral facial expression. In Study 2, 7-month-olds were habituated to a face with a positive or negative expression. In the novelty preference test, immediately following habituation, infants were shown a pair of faces: the habituation face in a novel pose and a novel face in the same pose. Generalization of facial identity was inferred from longer fixation time to the novel face. Whereas 7-month-old infants did not dishabituate to the novel face with neutral ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899053 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899052&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F406%3Frss%3D1 In this three-wave longitudinal survey, we investigated bi-directional longitudinal associations between best friends and adolescents’ alcohol consumption. Additionally, since the relation between best friends and adolescents’ drinking may be stronger if adolescents have not consumed alcohol yet, we examined this relation not only with regard to continuation but also with regard to the initiation of adolescent drinking. We also hypothesized that low levels of self-esteem and self-control in youths would be related to a higher susceptibility to the impact of their best friends’ drinking. Data were used from 433 adolescents and their best friends. Results of SEM analyses did not provide evidence for bi-directional associations between best friends and adolescents’ alc... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899052 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899051&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F398%3Frss%3D1 This study examined how children’s aggression and prosocial behavior are related to the preference and popularity of their best friends. Participants were 1,953 fourth-graders (52.2% boys). Measures included peer nominations of friendship, peer status, overt and relational aggression, and prosocial behavior. A total of 334 reciprocal same-sex best friend dyads were identified. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (Kashy & Kenny, 1999) showed that best friends’ peer status significantly predicted children’s behavior. For boys, best friends’ preference was negatively associated with overt aggression, while best friends’ popularity was positively associated with overt aggression. For girls, best friends’ popularity was positively related to both rela... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899051 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3899050&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F5%2F385%3Frss%3D1 This study employs an intra-national and cross-national, prospective, and longitudinal design to examine age, gender, region, and country variation in group mean-level continuity and individual-differences stability of emotional availability in child—mother dyads. Altogether, 220 Argentine, Italian, and US American metropolitan and rural residence mothers and their daughters and sons were observed at home when children were five and 20 months of age. Similar patterns of continuity and discontinuity of emotional availability from five to 20 months were observed across regions and countries, but not between genders. Stability of emotional availability from five to 20 months was moderate and similar across genders, regions, and countries. Universal and gender-specific developmental proc... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3899050 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 16:33:10 +0100 3899050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699227&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F374%3Frss%3D1 We report and illustrate interpretation of 7 variance and 16 covariance estimates from this TRM analysis of who perceives whom as bullying whom. In particular, triadic analyses revealed a tendency for children to perceive others as sharing the same aggressors and the same targets for aggression as themselves. We discuss implications of findings for studying aggression, as well as extensions of this model, such as incorporating multiple constructs or connecting the TRM estimates with individual and dyadic variables, and challenges of using the TRM. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699227 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699226&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F363%3Frss%3D1 This study examined correlates and predictors of parenting stress among internationally adopting (IA) mothers with the goal of expanding the knowledge base on the experiences of adoptive parents. One hundred and forty-three IA mothers completed pre-adoption (Time 0) and six months post-adoption (Time 1) surveys with questions regarding child-, parent-, and family-related characteristics. Mother reports of higher depression symptoms, higher expectations of child developmental and behavioral/emotional problems, and a greater number of children in the family at pre-adoption were significantly related to higher parenting stress six months post-adoption. In contrast, mother reports of higher expectations for child acceptance and higher perceived social support at pre-adoption were significantly... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699226 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699225&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F354%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate psychometric properties that assess forms of aggression (i.e., relational and physical aggression) across cultures (i.e., Japan and the United States) and (2) to investigate the role of culture in the associations between forms of aggression and social-psychological adjustment problems such as depressive symptoms and delinquency. Participants consisted of 296 fourth-graders (197 Japanese and 99 US children). It was hypothesized that relative to US children, relational aggression would be more strongly associated with depressive symptoms for Japanese children. Findings supported our hypothesis, suggesting that Japanese children may be more vulnerable to negative interpersonal experiences, including relational aggression. (Source: International J... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699225 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699224&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F345%3Frss%3D1 In the beginning of the first decade of this century, some highly-publicized extremistic acts of terror occurred. A hostage tragedy in a school in Beslan (North Ossetia) was followed in the Netherlands by the brutal murder of the controversial Dutch filmmaker and newspaper columnist Theo van Gogh, bomb attacks in Bali and Madrid and other acts of terrorism between 2002 and 2005. The aim of the present study was to examine whether these events have resulted in the emergence of a collective enemy in the Netherlands, and whether this is reflected by the enemy images and understanding of enemy with Dutch children and adolescents aged 7—13. For this purpose, information about children and adolescents’ enemy images and understanding of enemy prior to (i.e., 2000 and 2002) and followi... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699224 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699223&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F339%3Frss%3D1 Although cultural and subcultural differences during the transition to adulthood have been examined, important factors like rural/urban upbringing and gender differences among Canadian emerging adults have been neglected. The present study explored developmentally significant tasks including criteria for adulthood, beliefs about religiosity, and risk-taking behaviors among 287 male and female Canadian emerging adults from rural and urban backgrounds. Results revealed that compared to their urban counterparts, rural emerging adults were more likely to place importance on role and biological transitions as criteria for achieving adulthood, and engaged in more risk-taking behaviors (excluding smoking). Female emerging adults were more likely to believe in the importance of role transition, no... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699223 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699222&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F330%3Frss%3D1 This study examined social and psychological adjustment of immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children in Canada. Participants included a sample of elementary school children (N = 356, M age = 11 years). Data on social functioning, peer relationships, school-related social competence, perceived self-worth, and loneliness were collected from peer assessments, teacher ratings, and self-reports. The results indicated that immigrant and Canadian-born Chinese children had different experiences of social and psychological adjustment in the school. Among aspects of acculturation, English proficiency and participation in Chinese cultural activities were positively associated with social competence and negatively associated with adjustment problems, particularly in immigrant Chinese children. Thes... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699222 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699221&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F325%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates the relationship between having an older sibling and early goal-directed motor development. In a longitudinal study, infants were filmed playing with their mother and were observed at 5 and 12 months of age. After each observation, they were assessed with the Mental Bayley Scale. From the mother—child interaction, playing was coded in terms of the production of infant goal-directed actions. Results indicated that infants with siblings produced fewer goal-directed actions at 5 months than infants without older siblings, but at 12 months they produced relatively more goal-directed actions than infants without older siblings. There was no relationship with scores on the Mental Bayley Scale. In order to examine differences in adult behavior that may account for va... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699221 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699220&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F311%3Frss%3D1 Emerging adults (approximately 18 to 25 years of age) experience heightened self-exploration regarding their beliefs and values, including those concerning religiosity and spirituality. The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding religiosity and spirituality in emerging adulthood. First, we document developmental advances in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development that support this exploration along with theoretical and empirical work on how religiosity and spirituality develop during this time period. Second, we examine the research on prevalence rates for and correlates of religiosity and spirituality. Third, we examine socializing agents of religiosity and spirituality that document parents’ indirect role relative to other adults, peers, and the med... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699220 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:35 +0100 3699220 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699219&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F302%3Frss%3D1 Some pupils already show unexcused, illegal, surreptitious absences in elementary education or the first years of secondary education. Are weak social bonds (see also Hirschi, 1969) and a lack of self-control (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) indicative of truancy at an early age? Of the children in our sample, 5% were persistent truants in late elementary education and early secondary education. Using multivariate analyses the influence of various predictors on persistent truancy was examined. Lack of attachment to norm-relevant significant others (parents and teachers) and lack of prosocial orientation were indicative of truancy. Social bonds with classmates had no effect on truancy. Other risk factors for truancy were: being a boy, early pubertal development, family breakup, and low soc... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699219 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:34 +0100 3699219 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699218&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F292%3Frss%3D1 This study addresses the longitudinal relationships between three kinds of moral cognitions — self-serving cognitive distortions, moral judgment, perception of community — and antisocial behavior in young adolescents. Aims were to gain insight in direct and indirect relationships, stability, and causality. The sample included 724 students (M age = 14.52, SD =.67) from prevocational secondary schools in the Netherlands. Both self reports and teacher reports were filled out twice, with a time-interval of four months. Students exhibited high rates of aggression, vandalism, and stealing, indicating that they form an at-risk group for antisocial behavior. Positive associations were found between self-serving cognitive distortions and antisocial behavior and between moral judgment an... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699218 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:34 +0100 3699218 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3699217&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F4%2F289%3Frss%3D1 The article presents 30-year bibliometrical results on trends in the scope, internationality, and impact of the International Journal of Behavioral Development (IJBD) from its inception in 1978 to 2007. Bibliometric data were collected using the databases PsycINFO and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and the IJBD itself. In comparison to other journals on developmental psychology, the special features of IJBD include its frequent publications of research on mother—child relations, childhood development, cross-cultural studies, and longitudinal studies, an increasing multinationality of authorships (from 52 countries) and citations as well as increasing international citation rates (impact) since 1990. Uncitedness of articles published in IJBD is comparably low. The h-index for a... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3699217 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 13:17:34 +0100 3699217 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482698&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F270%3Frss%3D1 The current article provides a review of adoption research since its inception as a field of study. Three historical trends in adoption research are identified: the first focusing on risk in adoption and identifying adoptee—nonadoptee differences in adjustment; the second examining the capacity of adopted children to recover from early adversity; and the third focusing on biological, psychosocial, and contextual factors and processes underlying variability in adopted children’s adjustment. Suggestions for future areas of empirical investigation are offered, with an emphasis on the need to integrate research, policy, and practice. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482698 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:43 +0100 3482698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482697&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F259%3Frss%3D1 The goal of the present study was to explore the moderating role of teacher—child relationships in the relation between shyness and socio-emotional adjustment in early elementary school. Participants were n = 169 grade 1 children (Mage = 76.93 mos, SD = 3.86). Shortly after the start of the school year (September), parents completed an assessment of their child’s shyness. In January/February teachers completed the Student—Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS; Pianta, 2001). At the end of the school year (May/June), child adjustment was assessed by both child and teacher reports. Among the results, shyness and negative teacher—child relationships (i.e., dependent, conflictual) were related to socio-emotional difficulties, whereas close teacher—child relationships w... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482697 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:43 +0100 3482697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482696&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F248%3Frss%3D1 We often have a feeling that we know ourselves much better than others know us, coupled with a feeling that our minds are not transparent to other people. In this article we begin to explore cultural variations in the development of this feeling. Children in Britain and Japan aged 7, 9 and 11 years judged how well they and how well their parent/teacher knew about aspects of the child’s mind (e.g., dreams, feeling sick, feeling hungry). Compared with British children, Japanese children credited adults with relatively large amounts of knowledge about themselves and this was most notable in the youngest group. Differences in patterns of judgements between the two nations could arise from differences in the cultural influences on the rate of development. (Source: International Journal of... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482696 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482695&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F238%3Frss%3D1 Planning for the future and developing a personalized identity are conceived of as important developmental tasks that adolescents and emerging adults are confronted with on the pathway to adulthood. The present study set out to examine whether both tasks develop in tandem by using a short-term longitudinal dataset consisting of 371 college students assessed at two time-points, four months apart. Identity formation was assessed using identity commitment and three identity processing styles; time perspective was assessed using the present-hedonistic, present-fatalistic, and future-oriented perspectives. Using cross-lagged structural equation modeling, three competing models were tested: a time perspective main-effects model; an identity main-effects model; and a reciprocal model. In accordan... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482695 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482694&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this three-wave cross-lagged longitudinal study was to examine the prospective relationships between women’s goal-related spousal support and their relationship satisfaction during the transition to parenthood. Two-hundred and forty-six Finnish women who were either married or cohabited (45% primiparous; 55% multiparous) filled in questionnaires on personal projects (Little, 1983) and related spousal support, relationship satisfaction (Spanier, 1976), and background data three times: in their early pregnancy; one month before childbirth; and three months after childbirth. Among the primiparous women the results showed a cumulative cycle of goal-related spousal support and relationship satisfaction: goal-related spousal support in early pregnancy predicted higher relationsh... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482694 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482693&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F218%3Frss%3D1 A transactional model was used to examine the reciprocal relationship between maternal negativity and child externalizing behavior over three time points. Data were collected from 1,479 children and their mothers every two years, as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Children were 10—11 years old at Time 1, 12—13 at Time 2, and 14—15 at Time 3. Measures of maternal negativity were obtained from both mothers and children, while measures of child externalizing behavior were obtained from children only. Structural Equation Modeling revealed that both members of the dyad influenced one another’s behavior, with evidence of a recursive feedback loop over time. These influences were not equal (across persons) or stable (across time). Ch... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482693 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482692&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F206%3Frss%3D1 The present research explores young children’s extension of novel labels to novel animate items. Three experiments were performed by means of the intermodal preferential looking (IPL) paradigm. In Experiment 1, after repeated exposure to novel word—object associations, 24- and 36-month-olds extend novel labels on the basis of shape similarity, in a task that pits a match in shape against a match in color. Experiment 2 finds 24-month-olds’ rapid reliance on shape, when introducing simplified trials that required identifying a match in shape or color separately. Experiment 3 reassesses young children’s ability to weigh up two perceptual cues, but in a condition in which the standard item remains visible, demonstrating 18- and 24-month-olds’ use of shape to exten... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482692 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482691&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F3%2F193%3Frss%3D1 The current paper explores the salience and impact of ethnic and national identities for immigrants that are negotiating more than two cultures. Specifically, we were interested in the ways in which Jewish immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union integrate their Russian, Jewish, and American identities, and to what extent identification with these three cultures predicts adaptation to varied life domains. In order to examine whether being Jewish has an impact on salience and predictive value of Russian and American identities, a sample of Jewish adolescents (n = 100) was compared with a sample of non-Jewish (n = 113) adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. The study suggests that Jewish and non-Jewish adolescent immigrants differ in levels of Russian and American iden... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482691 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:10:42 +0100 3482691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443551&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F34%2F2%2F190%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443551 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:59 +0100 3443551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443550&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F180%3Frss%3D1 This study estimates the causal effects of six corrective actions for children's problem behaviors, comparing four types of longitudinal analyses that correct for pre-existing differences in a cohort of 1,464 4- and 5-year-olds from Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) data. Analyses of residualized gain scores found apparently detrimental effects of all corrective actions by parents and professionals on subsequent antisocial behavior and hyperactivity. In contrast, analyses of simple gain scores found only apparently beneficial effects. Temporally reversed analyses yielded the same pattern of results, consistent with selection biases and regression artifacts, not with unidirectional causal effects. The findings were similar for corrective actions by professi... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443550 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:59 +0100 3443550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443549&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F168%3Frss%3D1 In the present study, we address two questions concerning the relation between children’s false belief and their understanding of complex object complements. The first question is whether the previously demonstrated association between tensed complements and false belief generalizes to infinitival complements (de Villiers & Pyers, 2002). The second question is whether the relation is altered by the perceptual saliency of test objects (i.e., reality pull) and expressed desire of story characters (i.e., desire pull) as extraneous contextual factors. In Study 1, unexpectedly, we showed in a group of 4-year-olds that false belief correlated with comprehension of infinitival but not tensed complements. In Studies 2 and 3 it was found that a significant part of the association was expl... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443549 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443548&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F159%3Frss%3D1 In a large sample of early adolescents (T2: N = 1023; M age = 13.51; 55.5% girls), the impact of parental protection and unsupervised wandering on adolescents’ antisocial behavior 2.5 years later was tested in this TRAILS study; gender and parental knowledge were controlled for. In addition, the level of biological maturation and having antisocial friends were included as possible moderators for the associations of parental protection and unsupervised wandering with adolescent antisocial behavior. The negative effect of protection on engagement in antisocial behavior held only for boys and for early-maturing adolescents, whereas the effect of unsupervised wandering was found only for boys and for adolescents who had antisocial friends. The results point to a delicate balance between ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443548 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443547&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F147%3Frss%3D1 The present study used the German Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) to assess attitudes toward younger and older adults in a heterogeneous sample of n = 151 younger and n = 143 older adults. The questionnaire was administered in two versions, one referring to the evaluation of younger adults, the other to the evaluation of older adults. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis replicated the four-factor solution reported in the literature. Younger compared to older adults were rated as higher in terms of instrumentality (i.e., more active, adaptive to change) and integrity (i.e., more personally satisfied, at peace with oneself), whereas older adults were described as more autonomous and self-sufficient than younger adults. Younger participants reported more negative attitudes toward yo... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443547 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443546&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F136%3Frss%3D1 The current study examined peer victimization trajectories for 1528 children from third to fifth grade and the association of those trajectories to children’s positive and negative affect. On average, victimization was low to moderate and remained stable (self-report) or increased (peer-reports). In addition, five distinct trajectories were identified based on self-report: Low, Moderate, Increasing, Decreasing, and Chronic. Peer-reported victimization did not reveal distinct trajectories. Although the level of victimization was related to concurrent negative affect (self- and peer-reported victimization) and to positive affect (self-report victimization only), relations between change in victimization and change in affect were less consistent. Also, a chronic victimization trajectory... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443546 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443545&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F128%3Frss%3D1 We investigated romantic relationships in a sample of 380 adolescents who formed 190 heterosexual couples (mean age: females 17 years; males 18 years): 173 intra-ethnic (German) couples and 17 inter-ethnic couples. Factor analyses revealed two types of love experiences: (a) experiences of attraction and a passionate focus on the partner (passionate love) and (b) experiences of affiliation (companionate love). No differences were found between intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic couples in romantic experiences, self-esteem, and conflict resolution skills. Adolescents in intra-ethnic couples had more close relations with parents than adolescents in inter-ethnic couples. Actor—Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) showed that companionate love was indirectly predicted by the quality of attac... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443545 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443544&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F121%3Frss%3D1 This study examined how the quality of relationships with parents and friends were related to intimacy, commitment, and passion in adolescents’ romantic relationships for indigenous Dutch and ethnic Dutch adolescents. Self-report survey data were used from 444 (88.9%) indigenous Dutch and 55 (11.1%) ethnic Dutch adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age (M = 15.34, SD = 1.14), all of whom were involved in a romantic relationship. About 61.6% (n = 307) were girls. For both indigenous and ethnic Dutch youths, the quality of the parent—adolescent relationship was positively associated with romantic relationship intimacy, whereas the quality of one’s best friendship was related to higher commitment to one’s romantic partner. Significant interactions in hierarchical reg... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443544 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443543&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F113%3Frss%3D1 This study compared the romantic involvements of Canadian and Chinese adolescents as well as linkages with friend and parental relationships. Participants were 496 Chinese adolescents and 395 Canadian adolescents, aged 16—17 years. Chinese adolescents were less likely to have any form of romantic involvement, including a romantic relationship, displayed lower levels of romantic experience, and had fewer close romantic relationships. Gender moderated cultural differences, with Chinese girls least involved in romantic experiences. Although friendships were more intimate in Canada and parent relationships were closer in China, the linkages of parental and friend relationships with romantic experience were quite consistent across the two cultures, with friends being positively linked to ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443543 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443542&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F106%3Frss%3D1 The present study focuses on romantic stress and coping styles in the context of identity and future-related stressors in 8,654 adolescents with a mean age of M = 15.3; SD = 1.84. The adolescents from 17 countries were grouped into seven regions, i.e., Mid-Europe, Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, South Africa, South America, and the Middle East. Future-related stressors were perceived as being more stressful than romantic stressors by all adolescents, irrespective of the region in which they lived. Identity-related stressors were of greater concern to adolescents from South Africa, South America, and the Middle East. Romantic stress was much higher in adolescents from Mid-Europe and Southern Europe compared to adolescents from other regions. Roughly 80% of all adolescents ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443542 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443541&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F2%2F98%3Frss%3D1 This study compared rates of dating aggression among 16-year-old adolescents in Canada and Italy, as well as differential associations with dyadic risk factors. 664 Canadians (297 boys, 367 girls) and 578 Italians (315 boys, 263 girls) indicated the frequency of physical aggression towards a romantic partner. They also rated the level of conflict and power imbalance in their romantic relationship. The results revealed comparable rates of physical dating aggression in the two countries for both boys and girls. Dyadic risk factors were also significant, with levels of conflict associated with dating aggression in both countries, and power imbalance uniquely linked in Italy. Overall, the results point to dating aggression as a global problem among youth. (Source: International Journal of Beha... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443541 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3443540&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F34%2F2%2F97%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3443540 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 15:18:58 +0100 3443540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142232&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F88%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated a novel approach to obtaining data on parent and infant emotion during the Face-to-Face/Still-Face paradigm, and examined these data in light of previous findings regarding early autism risk. One-hundred and eighty eight non-expert students rated 38 parents and infant siblings of children who did (20) or did not (18) have autism spectrum disorders. Ratings averaged across 10 non-experts exhibited high concordance with expert facial-action codes for infant emotion, and 20 non-experts were required for reliable parent ratings. Findings replicated the well-established still-face effect and identified subtle risk associations consonant with results from previous investigations. The unique information offered by intuitive non-expert ratings is discussed as an alternative... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142232 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142232 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142231&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F73%3Frss%3D1 Social relations of second grade students (247 boys, 290 girls) were examined in rural elementary classrooms. Cluster analysis of teacher ratings was used to identify interpersonal competence configurations including perceived unpopular-aggressive (i.e., Troubled ) and perceived popular-aggressive (i.e., Tough) subtypes for both boys and girls. Troubled children tended to have rejected status and were more likely to be either socially isolated or members of peer groups that did not contain popular classmates. Tough children were perceived by peers as being socially prominent (i.e., popular, cool, leaders) and they tended to associate with perceived popular peers. Tough boys had elevated levels of rejected or controversial sociometric status while Tough girls were distributed at expected le... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142231 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142230&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F62%3Frss%3D1 Our study re-examines the relationship between parenting and school performance among Asian students. We use two sources of data: wave I of the Adolescent Health Longitudinal Survey (Add Health), and waves I and II of the Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (TEPS). Analysis using Add Health reveals that the Asian-American/European-American difference in the parenting—school performance relationship is due largely to differential sample sizes. When we select a random sample of European-American students comparable to the sample size of Asian-American students, authoritarian parenting also shows no effect for European-American students. Furthermore, analysis of TEPS shows that authoritarian parenting is negatively associated with children’s school achievement, while authoritative par... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142230 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142230 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142229&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F53%3Frss%3D1 The emotional responses to achievement contexts of 149 preschool children from three cultural groups were observed. The children were Japanese (N = 32), African American (N = 63) and White American of mixed European ancestry (N = 54). The results showed that Japanese children differed from American children in expressing less shame, pride, and sadness, but more of both exposure and evaluative embarrassment. African American and White American children did not differ from one another. American children however showed more evaluative as opposed to exposure embarrassment. This finding supports the idea that success and failure are interpreted differently by Japanese children during the preschool years. The low amount of sadness and shame expression, and the limited range of number of differen... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142229 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142229 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142228&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F46%3Frss%3D1 We examined support and conflict with parents and close friends in a sample of ethnically diverse young adults (European-, Asian-, Cuban-, Latin-, and Mexican Americans). College students (N = 495) completed six subscales from the Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI; Furman & Buhrmester, 1985). Friends were rated higher than parents on global support by Asian- and European Americans, but not by the three Latino groups. Regardless of ethnic group, friends and parents provided different types of support, and conflict with parents was more frequent than conflict with friends. No differences due to age, gender, or generation of immigration emerged for European-, Cuban-, or Asian Americans; differences emerged attributable to gender among Mexican Americans (support and conflict), and ge... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142228 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142228 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142227&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F34%3Frss%3D1 Infants’ responses to typical and scrambled human body shapes were assessed in relation to the realism of the human body stimuli presented. In four separate experiments, infants were familiarized to typical human bodies and then shown a series of scrambled human bodies on the test. Looking behaviour was assessed in response to a range of different human body stimulus types including real people, mannequins, dolls and large human body photographs. Results were compared with previous experiments showing that when presented with small drawings, photographs or dolls, infants demonstrate knowledge about the whole human body shape only after their first birthday (Slaughter & Heron, 2004). In the current study, recognition of the typical human body shape was evident as early as 9 months... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142227 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142227 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142226&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F24%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the effects of the accumulation of family risk factors on children’s literacy skills, both in preschool and in first grade. Children’s (N = 106) vocabulary, conventions of print, phonological awareness, knowledge of letters, reading decoding, and reading comprehension were assessed. Family risk factors, consisting of household composition, years of maternal education, job situation of the mother, and income level of the family, were combined to create a cumulative risk index. Canonical correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results revealed the negative impact of cumulative risk index on both the preschool and first-grade literacy skills. In addition, the number of risk factors present in the family context negatively predicted the majo... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142226 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142226 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142225&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F10%3Frss%3D1 This study examined developmental differences in, and cognitive bases of, coping flexibility in children with and without ADHD. Younger (age 7 to 8) and older (age 10 to 11) children with and without ADHD (N = 80) responded to hypothetical vignettes about problematic interactions with peers that shifted from controllable to uncontrollable over time. We assessed children’s coping strategies, perceptions of controllability, coping repertoire size, and executive function. Coping flexibility was defined as reporting more strategies directed toward adjusting to, rather than changing, situations as they became uncontrollable. Older children without ADHD demonstrated greater coping flexibility than did younger children without ADHD or either age group with ADHD. The age difference in coping... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142225 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142225 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3142224&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F34%2F1%2F1%3Frss%3D1 In Experiment 1, Japanese children (4-, 5-, 7-, and 10-year-olds (n = 78)) and adults (n = 36), answered questions about the possibility of psychogenic bodily reactions, i.e., bodily outcomes with origins in the mind. The 4- and 5-year-old preschoolers typically denied that bodily conditions could originate in mental states. Developmentally, recognition of psychogenic bodily reactions appeared between ages 8 and 11. Experiment 2 showed that these findings did not depend on whether reactions were positive or negative. The preschoolers had some difficulty in assuming not only negative but also positive psychogenic bodily reactions. In Experiment 3, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 11-year-old children (n = 70) and adults (n = 18) were asked to explain why physical/psychological states would lead to bodily ou... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3142224 Thu, 17 Dec 2009 14:07:40 +0100 3142224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930731&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F565%3Frss%3D1 Growth mixture modeling (GMM) is a method for identifying multiple unobserved sub-populations, describing longitudinal change within each unobserved sub-population, and examining differences in change among unobserved sub-populations. We provide a practical primer that may be useful for researchers beginning to incorporate GMM analysis into their research. We briefly review basic elements of the standard latent basis growth curve model, introduce GMM as an extension of multiple-group growth modeling, and describe a four-step approach to conducting a GMM analysis. Example data from a cortisol stress-response paradigm are used to illustrate the suggested procedures. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930731 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930730&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F556%3Frss%3D1 The study aims were, first, to examine the associations between the type and intensity of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and peer and parent relationships. Second, the study explored gender- and age-specific ICT usage and their associations with peer and parent relationships. The participants were 478 Finnish 10- and 13-year-old girls and boys. They reported the frequencies of digital game playing, using a computer for information seeking, communication, and Internet surfing, and evaluated the qualities of peer relationships (popularity, loneliness, and friendship) and communication with mother and father (open and conflicting). As hypothesized, intensive usage of ICT for entertainment (digital playing and Internet surfing) was associated with poor relations with both peers... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930730 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930729&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F543%3Frss%3D1 Two experiments examined pictorial humor as an unusual but legitimate way to approach the study of children’s representational activity and the transition from implicit to explicit knowledge. In both experiments, the participants were 3- and 4-year-old children. Experiment 1 studied the understanding of two pictorial jokes using two conditions, choice and verbal production. Experiment 2 compared the results of Experiment 1 with the comprehension that children had of two versions of three pictorial jokes presented in two different sessions. The results showed three levels of comprehension. Changes in level were analyzed. The data suggest a tendency to stay at the same level, although a few children either descended or ascended. These changes occur within a short period of time, and pr... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930729 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930728&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F531%3Frss%3D1 Adult collaborative cognition research suggests that working with a partner is generally beneficial to performance; however, little research has investigated the relation between the interactive behaviors and collaborative outcome. The present study examined four interactive behaviors exhibited by familiar (i.e., married spouses) and unfamiliar (i.e., other-sex strangers) older adult dyads during collaborative performance on an everyday problem-solving measure. Results indicated that (a) interactive behaviors were related to partner familiarity and whether dyads first attempted the problems individually or collaboratively, (b) the nature of the interactive behaviors differed over the course of task completion, and (c) interactive behaviors were linked to performance outcome. (Source: Inter... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930728 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930727&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F520%3Frss%3D1 In a sample of 107 Chinese immigrant families we examined whether cultural child-rearing beliefs moderated the association between parents’ use of punitive discipline and children’s behavioral adjustment. Immigrant parents and their children aged 7 to 17 years completed measures of parental discipline and child behavior problems. Parents also reported on indigenous Chinese child-rearing ideologies regarding shaming and training as strategies for raising competent and moral children. Results of hierarchical regression models conducted with parent-reported data indicated that the negative effects of punitive discipline on child behavior problems were not apparent when parents adhered to training and shaming ideologies. However, the buffering effects of training ideologies were mo... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930727 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930726&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F516%3Frss%3D1 The study explored how Chinese children spontaneously explained the causes of illness. Two groups of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds were recruited, with 30 children in each age group. A group of 30 college students were also recruited and their responses compared to those produced by the children. Participants’ responses were coded as belonging to one of five mutually exclusive categories: psychogenic, biological, behavioral, symptomatic, or other. Results indicated that children’s causal explanations were mostly behavioral and symptomatic, with more biological explanations for older children than for younger. In contrast, adults’ explanations were mostly biological and psychogenic. Although adults were influenced by ... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930726 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930725&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F504%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates whether preschool-aged children show consistent patterns of behaviour in conflicts with their siblings. Consistency was assessed at the nomothetic (i.e., group), idiographic (i.e., individual), and idiosyncratic (i.e., consistent patterns that differed from the norm) levels. We examined conflicts between 19 2-year-old and 19 4-year-old children and their siblings. Both age groups showed consistent idiographic and nomothetic patterns of interactions. Two-year-old children used idiosyncratic patterns of responses to the conflict overtures of others (i.e., they deviated from the norm in consistent ways) while 4-year-old children did not. The variance in the responses of the younger children was greater than that found for the older children. Together these results sugg... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930725 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:18 +0100 2930725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930724&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F496%3Frss%3D1 Chaotic home systems have been linked with children’s adverse psychological and academic outcomes. But, as they represent a departure from the suburban ideal of space, order, and family cohesiveness and stability, they should also be linked with low support for survival values. Using longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) this study tested this by examining long-term links between chaotic home systems (assessed when cohort members were aged 0—10 years), and support for survival values (racism and authoritarianism) at age 30. A chaotic home system was operationalized in this study as family disruption, low family cohesiveness, overcrowding, untidiness, and residential mobility. The study showed that, after adjustment for controls (mother’s liberalism,... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930724 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:17 +0100 2930724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930723&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F6%2F481%3Frss%3D1 This investigation examined the links between preschoolers’ internalizing problems and anxiety-related social difficulties and two aspects of maternal and paternal psychological control: overprotection and critical control. Some 115 mothers and 92 fathers completed the New Friends Vignettes (NFV), a new measure of psychological control and supportive parenting designed to assess parenting relevant to young children’s internalizing problems and anxiety. Children’s anxious behaviors with peers at daycare or preschool were observed, mothers reported on preschoolers’ internalizing problems, and teachers reported on children’s internalizing problems and isolated behaviors. The NFV scales demonstrated good internal consistency and one-year test—retest reliabil... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930723 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 16:38:17 +0100 2930723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702056&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F470%3Frss%3D1 This paper describes an alternative version of the Network of Relationships Inventory, which was designed to assess how frequently different relationships were used to fulfill the functions of three behavioral systems: attachment, caregiving, and affiliation. Psychometric and validational evidence is presented including: (a) high internal consistency for all scales and composites; (b) a second order factor structure of support and negative interactions for each relationship; (c) moderately high stability over a one year period; (d) moderate convergence among different reporters; (e) theoretically meaningful differences among different relationships; (f) moderate associations among different relationships; (g) associations with the original Network of Relationships Inventory; and (h) relati... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702056 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702055&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F460%3Frss%3D1 This study served to replicate and extend the few extant studies that have examined the issue. In this study, the relative contribution of three mechanisms of working memory — STM storage, processing speed, attentional resource allocation — to children’s complex span was examined. Children (6—12) completed a digit span task, an auditory-visual reaction time task, a task of attentional allocation, and a complex (listening) span task. Correlation analyses revealed that, after controlling for age, storage, processing speed, and attentional allocation significantly correlated with complex span. Regression analyses showed that, after partialling out age, storage accounted for 12.1% of unique variance in complex span and processing speed accounted for another 6.6% of uniq... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702055 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702054&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F451%3Frss%3D1 We tested the generalizability of five propositions derived from Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) using school-aged adolescents living in India (N = 926) and Nigeria (N = 363). Consistent with past U.S. research, perceived teacher autonomy-support predicted students’ basic need-satisfaction in the classroom and also predicted positive class evaluations. The three basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness also predicted positive class evaluations, and furthermore predicted students’ general life-satisfaction. Also, balance among the three needs had positive associations with life-satisfaction independent of the amount of need-satisfaction. Finally, perceived maternal and paternal autonomy-support both predicted life-satisfaction. Support was also... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702054 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702053&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F440%3Frss%3D1 Poverty is known to influence parenting values, parenting stress, psychological adjustment, and social support according to North American research. The purpose of this study was to determine whether poverty might work in similar ways in a collectivistic Latin culture. The participants were primary caregivers in two distinct communities in the Dominican Republic: the Campos (extremely poor villages) and the middle-class areas of San Cristobal, a small city. As predicted, Campos mothers endorsed conformity and obedience as parenting goals, whereas San Cristobal mothers valued exploration and self-direction in their children. Unlike poor mothers in the US, and contrary to our expectations, Campos mothers reported relatively good social support and less parenting stress than did San Cristobal... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702053 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702052&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F430%3Frss%3D1 The present study investigated the associations of Korean mothers’ attention regulation and referential speech during play with their toddlers’ language and play development. The play interaction between mothers (n = 42) and their toddlers aged between 13 and 23 months was videotaped during home visits. Maternal behavior in regulating their toddlers’ attention was coded from videos as introducing, redirecting, or following. Mothers’ referential speech during joint attention with their toddlers was transcribed and classified as simple, elaborative, or prompting. Toddlers’ expressive and receptive vocabulary sizes were reported by mothers. Their exploratory, functional, and symbolic play was coded from videos. Results showed that mothers’ attention followi... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702052 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702051&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F421%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the mediation effect of cognitive appraisals and the moderation role of peer status in the association between interparental conflict and adolescents’ affective well-being based on a sample of 549 Chinese adolescents from 7th to 12th grades. Interparental conflict properties, adolescents’ cognitive appraisals of conflict, affective well-being, and peer status were measured through scales and peer nomination surveys. The results of structure equation modeling showed that: cognitive appraisals totally mediated the association between marital conflict and adolescents’ affective well-being; peer status moderated the effect of marital conflict on adolescents’ positive affect but not on negative affect; and the relationship between marital conflict and... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702051 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702050&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F412%3Frss%3D1 In this study therefore, the relations between the styles and the constituting behaviours were analysed in samples that differ with respect to their preferences of distal and proximal parenting. The hypothesized differences between the samples and the negative relationship between distal and proximal parenting, as well as between the respective behavioural systems can clearly be demonstrated. Furthermore, the impact of the sociodemographic variables with respect to the parenting strategies can be shown. Results were discussed as supporting two alternative parenting strategies that serve different socialization goals. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Development) International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702050 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702049&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F402%3Frss%3D1 Little work has been done to examine emerging adulthood in Eastern European countries such as Romania that are making the transition out of communism into the broader free-market economy of Western Europe. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the criteria that college students in Romania have for adulthood, and (b) explore whether differences in adulthood criteria, achievement of those criteria, and identity development are related to variations in adult status (i.e., perceptions of being an adult coupled with taking on adult responsibilities). Participants included 230 Romanian young people (136 women, 94 men) aged 18—27 attending a university in Romania’s second largest city. Results found that (a) the majority of Romanian young people did not consider themselves to b... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702049 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702048&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F393%3Frss%3D1 We found support for a four-part model of autonomy that links connectedness, separation, detachment, and agency to adjustment during emerging adulthood. Based on self-report surveys of 285 American college students, expected associations among the autonomy variables were found. In addition, agency, as measured by self-reliance, predicted lower psychological and somatic symptoms, as well as stronger self-esteem, college grades, and attitudes towards college. Separation, as measured by a modified Emotional Autonomy Scale score, was associated with lower grades and lower self-esteem, but only for emerging adults who reported lower self-reliance. Separation was not important in predicting these outcomes for emerging adults who were self-reliant. (Source: International Journal of Behavioral Dev... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702048 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2702047&cid=s_27148_144_f&fid=27148&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbd.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F33%2F5%2F385%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to examine whether there was variation in levels of psychological adjustment among children conceived through Assisted Reproductive Technologies using the parents’ gametes (homologous), sperm donation, egg donation, embryo donation and surrogacy. Information was provided by parents about the psychological functioning of 769 children aged 5 to 9 years who had been born using ART (from the five groups described). Comparisons were made between the different conception groups, to UK national norms and, for a sub-sample of multiple births, to an age-matched twin sample. No differences were found between the conception groups except that fathers from the egg donation group rated children higher in conduct problems compared to other ART groups. No effects were obse... International Journal of Behavioral Development journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2702047 Thu, 13 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2702047