MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Cancer' source. Wed, 08 Feb 2012 08:41:35 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659441&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27468 AbstractPreclinical studies and clinical analyses have implicated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in the progression of prostate cancer, suggesting mTOR as a potential target for new therapies. mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to two distinct signaling complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. We previously showed that the synthetic organoselenium compound, p‐XSC, effectively inhibits viability and critical signaling molecules (e.g., androgen receptor, Akt) in androgen responsive (AR) and androgen independent (AI) human prostate cancer cells. Based on its inhibition of Akt, we hypothesized that p‐XSC modulates mTORC2, an upstream regulator of the kinase. We further hypothesized that combining p‐XSC with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, would be an effective combinatory st... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659441 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 13:03:43 +0100 5659441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659446&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27462 In conclusion, some 10% of cancer deaths had no cancer records in CR or in HDR, and 3.4% were missing in both sources. The identification rate depended on tumor site, age at death, and, to some extent, death outside hospital. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659446 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659445&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27463 In conclusion, the ContinueFOBT_long strategy was advantageous regarding both clinical benefit and required resources. Specifying an appropriate management strategy for individuals with a prior fpFOBT may substantially reduce required resources within a FOBT‐based CRC screening program without limiting its effectiveness. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659445 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659444&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27465 AbstractThymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme involved in folate metabolism and catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP, which is essential for DNA replication. TSER and TS1494del6, two functionally important and ethnically diverse polymorphisms mapping to its gene region, are the most extensively studied. Considering the potential influence of altering TS activity, it is plausible that TS polymorphisms might play a role in the development of cancer. Although the effects of TS polymorphisms on susceptibility to human cancer have been investigated in many studies, the results remain conflicting rather than conclusive. In order to resolve these conflicts, we performed a quantitative synthesis of the evidence on the association between these two polymorphisms and cancer risk, includi... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659444 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659443&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27466 This study examined the prevalence of children affected by parental cancer at national level and whether these children use specialised psychiatric services more than their peers. The study is a retrospective population‐based registry study. All 60,069 children born in Finland in 1987 were followed up with various health and social registers from 1987 to 2008. The associations of parental cancer treatments with children's psychiatric service use were analysed with logistic regressions. During the 21‐year follow‐up 3,909 (6.6%) of the children had a parent suffering from cancer. The children of the cancer patients used more specialised psychiatric care than their peers and the service use depended on parent's gender, as well as cohort members' gender and the age at occurrence. The com... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659443 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5659442&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27467 This study aimed to investigate the aberrant localization E‐cadherin, β‐catenin and vimentin, and their prognostic significance in 122 NPC patients by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that both membranous and cytoplasmic localization of E‐cadherin staining were associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and clinical stage (p = 0.000 and 0.007, respectively). High cytoplasmic β‐catenin correlated significantly with larger tumor size (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000) and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.036). However, no significant difference was observed between membranous β‐catenin and clinicopathologic features (p = 0.05). High nuclear vimentin expression correlated significantly with positive lymph nod... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5659442 Sun, 05 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5659442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647093&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27461 AbstractThe prognostic impact of distinct KRAS mutations in colorectal carcinomas is not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the prognostic impact of KRAS mutations is modulated by KRAS mutant allele specific imbalance (MASI). KRAS MASI was assessed by sequencing electropherograms in KRAS‐mutated colorectal carcinomas (N = 394, prospectively tested). The mechanism of KRAS MASI was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (N = 50). FISH showed that KRAS MASI developed by chromosome 12 hyperploidy (9/18, 50%) or KRAS amplification (1/18, 5.5%). KRAS MASI was more common in tumors with KRAS codon 13 than with codon 12 mutations (24/81, 30% vs. 54/313, 17%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 – 3.5; P = 0.01). KRAS MASI was correlated with overall surv... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647093 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 13:05:25 +0100 5647093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647097&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27457 AbstractObesity strongly increases risk of endometrial cancer and is projected to increase current and future endometrial cancer incidence. In order to fully understand endometrial cancer incidence, one should also examine both hysterectomy, which eliminates future risk of endometrial cancer, and endometrial hyperplasia (EH), a precursor that prompts treatment (including hysterectomy). Hysterectomy and EH are more common than endometrial cancer, but data on simultaneous temporal trends of EH, hysterectomy, and endometrial cancer are lacking. We used linked pathology, tumor registry, surgery, and administrative datasets at the Kaiser Permanente Northwest Health Plan to calculate age‐adjusted and age‐specific rates, 1980‐2003, of EH only (N=5990), EH plus hysterectomy (N=904), hysterec... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647097 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5647097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647096&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27458 AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non haematopoietic multipotent adult stem cells. They have been shown to have a natural tropism for many tumours types, including colorectal, and are capable of escaping host immune surveillance. MSCs are known to engraft at tumours and integrate into their architecture, potentially as carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In contrast with other malignancies, our understanding of the interactions between colorectal cancer cells and MSCs remains limited. Considering the established importance of inflammation in the colorectal cancer primary tumour microenvironment and the role of stromal cells in this process, there is a potential wealth of information to be gleaned from further investigation of interactions between these cell populations. Epithe... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647096 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5647096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647095&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27459 AbstractDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'‐DDT), an organochlorine pesticide known to have deleterious health effects in humans, has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rodents. A recent study has reported that p,p'‐DDT and its most persistent metabolite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'‐DDE), may also be associated with HCC in humans. To examine whether there is an association between p,p'‐DDT and/or p,p'‐DDE in a population at high‐risk of developing HCC.A nested case‐control study was conducted within the 83,794 person Haimen City Cohort in China. Sera and questionnaire data were collected from all participants between 1992 and 1993. The current study included 473 persons who developed HCC and 492 who did not, frequency matched on sex, age and area of... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647095 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5647095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647094&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27460 This study aimed to evaluate CUSPIO biomarkers for the assessment of tumour response to anti‐angiogenic therapy. CUSPIO imaging was performed in subcutaneous rat C6 gliomas before and 2 days after treatment with the potent VEGF signalling inhibitor cediranib (n=12), or vehicle (n=12). Histological validation of Hoechst 33342 uptake (perfusion), smooth muscle actin staining (maturation), pimonidazole adduct formation (hypoxia) and necrosis were sought. Following treatment, there was a significant decrease in fractional blood volume (‐43%, p<0.01) and a significant increase in haemodynamic vascular functionality (treatment altered ΔR2*carbogen from 1.2 to ‐0.2 s‐1, p<0.05). CUSPIO imaging revealed an overall significant decrease in plasma perfusion (‐27%, p<0.05) followin... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647094 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5647094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638163&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27382 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638163 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:15:19 +0100 5638163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638152&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27456 AbstractPancreatic cancer is the one of most common causes of cancer deaths and has the worst prognosis. Clinical observational studies suggest that statins may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. The chemopreventive efficacy of the statin atorvastatin (Lipitor®) and the role of the phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase(PI3/AKT) signaling pathway were evaluated for the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in conditional p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ transgenic mice. Six‐week old male p48Cre/+‐LSL‐KrasG12D/+ (20/group) mice were fed AIN‐76A diets containing 0, 200, and 400 ppm atorvastatin for 35 weeks. At termination, pancreata were evaluated histopathologically for PanINs and PDAC, and for various PI3/AKT signaling m... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638152 Sun, 29 Jan 2012 13:05:18 +0100 5638152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638159&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27448 AbstractHypoxia is known to play important roles in the development and progression of tumors. We previously demonstrated that S100A4, a critical molecule for metastasis, was upregulated in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we examined the mechanisms of the upregulation of S100A4 expression in ovarian carcinoma cells, with particular attention paid to the effects of hypoxia. The expression levels of S100A4 were found to be correlated with the invasiveness of ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and the upregulation of S100A4 expression was associated with hypomethylation of CpG sites in the 1st intron of S100A4 in ovarian carcinoma cell lines and tissues. The expression of S100A4 was increased under hypoxia and was associated with elevated invasiveness, which was inhibited by S100A... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638159 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638158&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27449 In conclusion, our results indicate that loss of MMR protein expression is related to selective downregulation of HLA class I which contributes to immune escape in EC with an abnormal MMR system. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638158 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638157&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27450 AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a frequently lethal tumour that occurs in childhood and originates from embryonic neural crest cells. The malignant and aggressive phenotype of NB is strictly related to the de‐regulation of pivotal pathways governing the proliferation/differentiation status of neural crest precursor cells, such as MYCN, Delta/Notch, and Wnt/β‐catenin (CTNNB1) signalling. In this article, we demonstrate that sialidase NEU4L influences the differentiation/proliferation behaviour of NB SK‐N‐BE cells by determining hyperactivation of the Wnt/ß‐catenin signalling pathway. NEU4L overexpression in SK‐N‐BE cells induced significant increases in active, non‐phosphorylated β‐catenin content, β‐catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, and β‐catenin gene target ex... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638157 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638156&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27451 AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyclic His‐Try‐Gly‐Phe peptide to characterize and image the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are correlated with cancer promotion, in an inflammation‐induced colorectal cancer (ICRC) model. We explored the relationship between the development of colon cancer and the expression of MMPs at the same colonic sites in ICRC models. To develop ICRC models, mice were administered a single intraperitoneal dose (10 mg/kg) of azoxymethane (AOM) and exposed orally to 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for one week. MMP‐2 expression and β‐catenin activation in colonic lesions were characterized by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. After being treated with inducers for some time, cancerous... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638156 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638155&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27453 AbstractCysteine cathepsins play an important role in shaping the highly infiltrative growth pattern of human gliomas. We have previously demonstrated that the activity of cysteine cathepsins is elevated in invasive GBM cells in vitro, in part due to attenuation of their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins. To investigate this relationship in vivo, we established U87‐MG xenografts in NOD/SCID‐eGFP mice. Here, tumour growth correlated with an elevated enzymatic activity of CatB both in the tumour core and at the periphery, whereas CatS and CatL levels were higher at the xenograft edge compared to the core. Reversely, StefB expression was detected in the tumour core, but it was generally absent in the tumour periphery, suggesting that down‐regulation of this inhibitor correlates with ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638155 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638154&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27454 AbstractMolecular characterization has been extensively studied in serrated polyps but very little is known in serrated adenocarcinomas (SACs). We analyzed the incidence of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) status and loss of the DNA repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and MGMT in a series of 89 SAC, 81 matched conventional carcinomas (CC) and 13 sporadic colorectal cancer showing histological and molecular features of high‐level MSI (sMSI‐H). Our results demonstrate that KRAS are more prevalent than BRAF mutations in SAC (42.7% vs. 25.8%;p=0.011) being the KRAS‐mutated cases even more abundant in SAC displaying adjacent serrated adenomas (51%). G12D and E545K are the most common KRAS and PIK3CA mutations found in SAC respectively. SAC show higher frequen... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638154 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638153&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27455 AbstractEnhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 that catalyzes the trimethylation of histone H3 on Lys 27, and represses gene transcription. EZH2 enhances cancer‐cell proliferation and regulates stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EZH2 is highly expressed in medulloblastoma, a highly malignant brain tumor of childhood, and this altered expression is correlated with genomic gain of chromosome 7 in a subset of medulloblastoma. Inhibition of EZH2 by RNAi suppresses medulloblastoma tumor cell growth. We show that 3‐deazaneplanocin A, a chemical inhibitor of EZH2, can suppress medulloblastoma cell growth partially by inducing apoptosis. Suppression of EZH2 expression diminishes the ability of tumor cells... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638153 Fri, 27 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5638153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628131&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27443 This study confirms a lower cancer risk among people with Parkinson disease. Increased risks for malignant melanoma, non‐melanoma skin cancer and breast cancer might be due to shared risk factors with Parkinson disease. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628131 Thu, 26 Jan 2012 13:06:48 +0100 5628131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628135&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27444 This study investigates the effect of BMP‐2 on human renal cell carcinoma using ACHN and Caki‐2 cell lines. Three types of BMP receptors were found to be expressed in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. In vitro, BMP‐2 was found to inhibit the growth of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. The antiproliferative effect seems to be due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, which was revealed by flow cytometry analysis. Using RT‐PCR analysis, we demonstrated BMP‐2 up‐regulated osteogenic markers Runx‐2 and Collagen Type I gene expression in ACHN and Caki‐2 cells. Treatment of ACHN and Caki‐2 cells with BMP‐2 induced a rapid phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. In vivo, all animals receiving low number of ACHN (1×104) and Caki‐2 (5×104) cells treated with 30 μg BMP‐2 per animal showed limited tum... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628135 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628134&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27445 We examined recreational physical activity and leisure‐time sitting in relation to risk of NHL in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study‐II Nutrition Cohort. Between 1992 and 2007, 2,002 incident cases were identified among 146,850 participants who were cancer‐free at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while adjusting for potential confounders. Women who sat for at least six hours/day were at 28% higher risk of NHL compared to women who sat for fewer than three hours/day. In analyses of specific subtypes, sitting time was associated with risk of multiple myeloma only (6+ vs. 3 hours/day sitting: HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.45‐3.97). Women who engaged in any recreational physical activity had a... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628134 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628133&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27446 AbstractImpairment of endogenous differentiation pathways like retinoic acid (RA) signaling seems to be a central pathogenetic event in astrocytic gliomas. Among others, expression of the differentiation‐promoting RA chaperon protein cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) is extenuated in high‐grade gliomas. Against this background, we aimed at identifying potential pathomechanisms underlying reduced CRABP2 expression in these tumors. Employing MassARRAY methylation analysis we detected extensive CpG methylation upstream of the CRABP2 gene locus in a study sample comprising 100 astrocytic gliomas of WHO grade II to IV. Compared to non‐tumorous control samples tumors revealed increased CpG methylation and methylation levels were inversely correlated to CRABP2 mRNA expressio... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628133 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628132&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27447 In this study we demonstrate that upon exposure to its ligand, macrophage stimulating protein, RON binds to plectin and ITGB4, which results in disruption of the plectin‐ITGB4 interaction and enhanced cell migration, a phenotype that can be recapitulated by shRNA mediated suppression of plectin expression. We demonstrate that disruption of plectin‐ITGB4 is dependent on RON and PI3 kinase, but not MEK, activity. Thus, in pancreatic cancer cells, plectin and ITGB4 form hemidesmosomes which serve to anchor cells to the ECM and restrain migration. The current study defines a novel interaction between RON and plectin, provides new insight into RON mediated migration and further supports efforts to target RON kinase activity in pancreatic cancer. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628132 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5628132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5619751&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27438 AbstractWe performed a pooled analysis of data on self‐reported history of infections in relation to the risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from 17 case‐control studies that included 12,585 cases and 15,416 controls aged 16‐96 years at recruitment. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated in two‐stage random‐effect or joint fixed‐effect models, adjusting for age, sex and study centre. Data from the two years prior to diagnosis (or date of interview for controls) were excluded. A self‐reported history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) was associated with an excess risk of NHL (OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.01‐1.57 based on data from 16 studies); study‐specific results indicate significant (I2=51%, p=0.01) heterogeneity. A self‐reported history of... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5619751 Mon, 23 Jan 2012 13:06:18 +0100 5619751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608204&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27441 AbstractElevated platelet counts in patients diagnosed with malignant tumors were first described more than a hundred years ago. Today it is well known that in many types of solid tumors, thrombocytosis at the time of diagnosis is associated with shorter survival. From this well documented clinical correlation between platelet count and prognosis of solid tumors the following questions arise: i.) Are the increased platelet counts the reason for shortened survival as platelet‐secreted cytokines might boost tumor growth and angiogenesis? ii.) Do platelets affect tumor metastasis thereby shortening survival time? or iii.) Are increased platelet counts simply an epiphenomenon of tumor growth with larger tumors resulting in higher platelet counts and shorter survival times? We address these t... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608204 Fri, 20 Jan 2012 13:05:58 +0100 5608204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608212&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27442 AbstractThe measurement of fecal tumor M2‐pyruvate kinase (PKM2), over‐expressed in tumor cells, has been proposed as a novel tool for detecting colorectal cancer(CRC). However, the sensitivity and specificity of this test varied among studies. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal PKM2 for CRC and to evaluate its utility in the CRC screening. It was compared with guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or immunological fecal occult blood test (iFOBT). Through comprehensive literature search, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity were calculated by using the bivariate random effect model. The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve was also undert... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608212 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608211&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27433 AbstractIntegration of the HPV (human papillomavirus) genome into the host chromatin is a characteristic step in cervical carcinogenesis. Integration ensures constitutive expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 which drive carcinogenesis. However, integration also has an impact on host DNA. There is increasing evidence that integration not only occurs in fragile sites and translocation breakpoints but also in transcriptionally active regions. Indeed, a substantial number of integration sites actually disrupt host genes and may thereby affect gene expression. No doubt, even subtle changes in gene expression may influence the cell phenotype but small fold changes are difficult to quantify reliably in biopsy material. We have therefore addressed the question whether a complete loss of gen... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608211 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608211 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608210&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27434 This study aimed to examine toenail trace element status and risk of Barrett's oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Toenail clippings from each hallux were obtained from 638 participants of the FINBAR study (Factors Influencing the Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Relationship) comprising 221 healthy controls, 98 reflux oesophagitis, 182 BO and 137 OAC cases. The concentrations of eight toenail trace elements were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. Using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated within tertiles of trace element concentrations. A two‐fold increased risk of BO was observed, but not OAC, amongst individuals in the highest tertile of toenail zinc status OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.11‐4.40). A hi... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608210 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608210 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608209&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27435 AbstractNuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is constitutively activated in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and is involved in the invasive characteristics of OSCC, such as growth, anti‐apoptotic activity and protease production. However, the cellular mechanism underlying NF‐κB's promotion of bone invasion by OSCC is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of NF‐κB in bone invasion by OSCC in vivo. Immnunohistochemical staining of OSCC invading bone in 10 patients indicated that the expression and nuclear translocation of p65, a main subunit of NF‐κB, was increased in OSCC compared with normal squamous epithelial cells. An active form of p65 phosphorylated at serine 536 was present mainly in the nucleus in not only differentiated tumor cells but also... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608209 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608208&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27436 AbstractMT4‐MMP expression in breast adenocarcinoma stimulates tumor growth and metastatic spreading to the lung. However whether these pro‐tumorigenic and pro‐metastatic effects of MT4‐MMP are related to a proteolytic action is not known yet. Through site directed mutagenesis MT4‐MMP has been inactivated in cancer cells through Glutamic acid 249 substitution by Alanine in the active site. Active MT4‐MMP triggered an angiogenic switch at day 7 after tumor implantation and drastically accelerated subcutaneous tumor growth as well as lung colonization in RAG ‐/‐ mice. All these effects were abrogated upon MT4‐MMP inactivation. In sharp contrast to most MMPs being primarily of stromal origin, we provide evidence that tumor‐derived MT4‐MMP, but not host‐derived MT4‐MM... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608208 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608207&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27437 AbstractWe analyzed the association between meat intake, heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and bladder cancer (BC) risk in a large case‐control study comprised of 884 BC cases and 878 healthy controls, recruited from 1999 to 2009. Epidemiologic and dietary data were collected via an in‐person interview. Compared to the lowest quartile of red meat intake, the odds ratios (ORs) for the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.17 (95% CI= 0.87 to1.58), 1.47 (95% CI= 1.09 to1.99), and 1.95 (95% CI=1.41 to 2.68), respectively (P‐for trend <0.001). In a subset of participants with intakes of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) available, compared to those with the lowest quartile of intake, the ORs for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.47 (95% CI= 0.60 to 3.64), 2.58 (95% CI=1.09 to 6.11)... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608207 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608206&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27439 We reported that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induced EBV lytic cycle in EBV‐positive gastric carcinoma cells and mediated enhanced cell death. However, expression of EBV lytic proteins was thought to exert anti‐apoptotic effect in EBV‐infected cells. Here, we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of SAHA on EBV lytic cycle induction in NPC cells and investigated the cellular consequences. Micromolar concentrations of SAHA significantly induced EBV lytic cycle in EBV‐positive NPC cells. Increased apoptosis and proteolytic cleavage of PARP, caspase‐3, ‐7 and ‐9 in EBV‐positive versus EBV‐negative NPC cells were observed. >85% of NPC cells expressing immediate‐early (Zta), early (BMRF1) or late (gp350/220) lytic proteins co‐expressed cleaved caspase‐3... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608206 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5608205&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27440 AbstractThe pathways by which Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection contributes to the formation of Merkel cell carcinomas are important for understanding the pathogenesis of these cancers. We hypothesized that MCV T antigen suppresses normal responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced DNA damage. An MCV‐infected cell line (MKL‐1) exhibited UVR hypersensitivity, impaired repair of DNA lesions and cell cycle arrest following UVR, as well as reduced levels of the DNA damage recognition protein, XPC. When ectopically expressed in uninfected UISO cells, mutant but not wild‐type T antigen resulted in loss of repair of UVR‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and reductions in XPC, p53 and p21 levels, whereas both wild‐type and mutant T antigen inhibited cell cycle arrest fo... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5608205 Thu, 19 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5608205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581050&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27432 AbstractAbout 50% of children with neuroblastoma (NB) show a metastatic disease and have a poor prognosis. However, disease progression is greatly variable and depends on patient's age and MYCN oncogene amplification. To investigate the role of patient's age in tumor aggressiveness, we performed array‐CGH and gene‐expression profiles of three groups (G) of metastatic NBs: G1, stage 4S patients and MYCN single copy (MYCN–) tumors; G2, stage 4 patients, ≤ 18 months of age, MYCN– tumors and favorable outcome; G3, stage 4 patients ≥ 19 months with unfavorable outcome. G1 was characterized by numerical aberrations prevalently; on the contrary, all G3 tumors had structural rearrangements, while G2 showed an intermediate pattern. The average of numerical alterations decreased signific... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581050 Fri, 13 Jan 2012 13:01:44 +0100 5581050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581055&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27427 In this study, we tested the hypothesis that HARE can act as an endothelial receptor for metastatic tumor cells with pericellular HA. In an orthotopic mouse model of prostate cancer, we delivered a monoclonal antibody against HARE that specifically blocks HA binding and internalization. This treatment fully blocked the formation of metastatic tumors in lymph nodes. No effects on primary tumor growth were observed and the antibody did not induce toxic outcomes in any other tissue. Our results implicate HARE for the first time in potentiation of tumor metastasis and suggest a novel mechanism by which tumor cell‐associated HA could promote tissue‐specific dissemination. © 2012 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581055 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581054&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27428 AbstractCopy number variations (CNVs) of the glutathione‐S‐transferase theta‐1 (GSTT1) and glutathione‐S‐transferase mu‐1 (GSTM1) gene loci can lead to complete lack of enzyme and have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Since GSTs are involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics, CNVs may modify CRC risk associated with smoking exposure and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.We investigated CRC risk associated with GSTT1 and GSTM1 CNVs and their interaction with smoking in 1796 cases and 1806 age‐, sex‐ and residence‐matched controls from a German population‐based case‐control study (DACHS). The interaction with MHT was assessed in the subset of 684 postmenopausal female cases and 681 controls. Trimodular genotypes (0/0, 1/0, 1/1) were determined wi... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581054 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581053&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27429 Abstract5‐Methylcytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA has important epigenetic functions in embryonic development and tumour biology. 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is generated from 5mC by the action of the TET (Ten‐Eleven‐Translocation) enzymes and may be an intermediate to further oxidation and finally demethylation of 5mC. We have used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and isotope‐based liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) as to investigate the presence and distribution of 5hmC in human brain and brain tumours. In the normal adult brain IHC identified 61.5 % 5hmC positive cells in the cortex and 32.4 % 5hmC in white matter (WM) areas. In tumours, positive staining of cells ranged from 1.1 % in glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) to 8.9% in grade I gliomas (pilocytic astrocytomas). In ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581053 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581052&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27430 In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of dual wavelength tumor detection using different targeting strategies simultaneously in an animal model. Combined targeting at different wavelengths allowed simultaneous imaging of different tumor characteristics. Near‐infrared fluorescence optical imaging has the potential to be translated into the clinic in order to improve the complete removal of tumors by real‐time image‐guided surgery. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581052 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581051&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27431 AbstractHybrid‐Capture 2 HPV DNA Test® (HC2) is FDA‐ approved and is a proven aid in detecting HPV infections of the cervix and as an aid in diagnosing, with cytology, cervical disease. A prospective feasibility study was conducted to determine if HC2 testing has utility when screening for high‐grade anal dysplasia (AIN2+). We enrolled 298 patients (45% HIV+) who had AIN2+ screening with cytology, histology and HC2 testing for two specimens: a swab into liquid‐based cytology medium and either a swab or brush collection in Specimen Transport Medium (STM). High‐resolution anoscopy was performed on all patients; with biopsy of AIN2+ suspicious lesions. Cytology was benign (42%), ASCUS (30%), LSIL (18%), HSIL (1%), ASC‐H (1.7%) and non‐diagnostic (7%) and 36% had AIN2+histology.... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581051 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5581051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571990&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27426 AbstractAssociations between clinical outcome of cancer patients and the gene expression signature in primary tumors at time of diagnosis have been reported. To test whether gene expression patterns in non‐involved lung tissue might correlate with clinical stage in lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) patients, we compared the transcriptome of non‐involved lung samples from 60 ADCA smoker patients of clinical stage I versus 60 patients with stage >I. Quantitative PCR of 10 genes with the most significant differential expression confirmed the statistical association with clinical stage in 8 genes, 6 of which were downregulated in highstage patients. Five of these 6 genes were also downregulated in lung ADCA tissue as compared to non‐involved tissue. Studies in vitro indicated that 4 of the g... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571990 Sun, 08 Jan 2012 13:03:24 +0100 5571990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571993&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27425 AbstractTo study the risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL) around French nuclear power plants (NPPs).The nationwide Geocap case‐control study included the 2,753 cases diagnosed in mainland France over 2002‐2007 and 30,000 contemporaneous population controls. The last addresses were geocoded and located around the 19 NPPs. The study used distance to NPPs and a dose‐based geographic zoning (DBGZ), based on the estimated dose to bone marrow related to NPP gaseous discharges.An odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 [1.0‐3.3], based on 14 cases, was evidenced for children living within 5 km of NPPs, compared to those living 20 km or further away, and a very similar association was observed in the concomitant incidence study (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.9 [1.0‐3.2]). These results were sim... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571993 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5571993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571992&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27423 In this study, we intended to mimic this human nutritional trial to determine the chemopreventive effects of Ve/Se supplementation at the early or late stage of esophageal carcinogenesis in rats. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was induced in F344 rats with N‐nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA) (0.35 mg/kg BW, s.c., 3 times/wk for 5 weeks). The rats were maintained on a modified AIN‐93M diet with low levels of Ve/Se or supplemented with high levels of Ve/Se at different stages. At Week 25, the number and volume of visible tumors, the numbers of dysplasia and ESCC were significantly lower in rats of supplementation during the early stage (Group C) or during the entire experimental period (Group E), but not during the late stage (Group D). Ve/Se supplementation at early stage also... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571992 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5571992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5571991&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27424 AbstractRecurrent chromosomal alterations are found in roughly 20% of all uterine fibroids but in the majority cytogenetic changes are lacking. Recently, mutations of the gene mediator subcomplex 12 (MED12) have been detected in a majority of fibroids but no information is available whether or not they co‐occur with cytogenetic subtypes as e.g. rearrangements of the genes encoding high mobility group AT‐hook (HMGA) proteins. In a total of 80 cytogenetically characterized fibroids from 50 patients we were not only able to confirm the frequent occurrence of MED12 mutations but also to stratify two mutually exclusive pathways of leiomyomagenesis with either rearrangements of MED12 reflected by clonal chromosome abnormalities affecting 12q14∼15 or by mutations affecting exon 2 of MED12. ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5571991 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5571991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559486&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27422 AbstractThe accuracy of common markers for PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway activation in preclinical and clinical cancer biomarker studies depends on phosphoepitope stability and changes of phosphorylation under ischemia. Herein, we define conditions under which phosphoepitopespecific duplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues (FFPET) reflects pathway activation in situ as accurately as possible, and identify activation patterns linked to mutational status, pathway dependency and tumor microenvironment in clinical tumor samples, cell culture and xenograft tissues. Systematically assessing robustness of pAKT, pERK1/2, pMEK1/2, and pmTOR detection and related markers in xenograft tissues exposed to ischemia, we show that control of preprocessing and is... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559486 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 17:31:33 +0100 5559486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647102&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27411 AbstractMice deficient either in subtypes of immune cells, cytokines or lytic pathways have been subjected to chemical carcinogenesis by methylcholanthrene to evaluate whether these components of the immune system affect tumor development. Inbred mice of the same genotype but from different sources differed in tumor development in magnitude comparable to that previously attributed to differences in immunocompetence. This suggested that genetic drift between separate inbred colonies of mice and/or environmental factors (e.g., transport of the animals) influenced carcinogenesis. Therefore, littermates were used as control in subsequent experiments. Although deficiency of T‐cells, NKT‐cells, perforin, Fas‐ligand, TNF‐α‐receptor failed to reveal significant differences in tumor deve... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647102 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5647102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559497&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27411 AbstractMice deficient either in subtypes of immune cells, cytokines or lytic pathways have been subjected to chemical carcinogenesis by methylcholanthrene (MCA) to evaluate whether these components of the immune system affect tumor development. Inbred mice of the same genotype but from different sources differed in tumor development in magnitude comparable to that previously attributed to differences in immuno‐competence. This suggested that genetic drift between separate inbred colonies of mice and/or environmental factors (e.g. transport of the animals) influenced carcinogenesis. Therefore, littermates were used as control in subsequent experiments. While deficiency of T‐cells, NKT‐cells, perforin, Fasligand, TNF‐α‐receptor failed to reveal significant differences in tumor de... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559497 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559496&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27412 In conclusion, UGT1A1*28 allele carrier status might be a protective factor against the development of CRC in the male population, while low serum bilirubin levels are associated with an increased risk of CRC in both genders. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559496 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559495&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27413 AbstractAn increased risk for colorectal cancer has been consistently reported for longtime consumption of cooked and processed red meat. This has frequently been attributed to chemical carcinogens arising during the cooking process of meat. Long‐time fish or poultry consumption apparently does not increase the risk, although similar or higher concentrations of chemical carcinogens were recorded in their preparation for consumption. The geographic epidemiology of colorectal cancer seems to correspond to regions with a high rate of beef consumption. Countries with a virtual absence of beef in the diet (India) or where preferably lamb or goat meat is consumed (several Arabic countries) reveal low rates of colorectal cancer. In China pork consumption has a long tradition, with an intermedia... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559495 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559494&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27414 AbstractThe relationship between obesity and prostate cancer risk has been studied extensively but with inconsistent findings, particularly for tumour aggressiveness. Few studies have investigated weight change and prostate cancer incidence or mortality. Using the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, which recruited 17,045 men aged between 40 to 69 years at study entry, we investigated associations between reported weight and BMI at age 18 years and measured at study entry, height, weight change between age 18 years and study entry and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression. During follow up (mean 15 years) of 16,514 men, we ascertained 1,374 incident prostate cancers, of which 410 were classified a... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559494 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559493&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27415 AbstractERK and RSK2 drive proliferation and invasion of many cancers. Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15 (PEA15) binds ERK and RSK2 and high PEA15 levels can impair ERK‐ and RSK2‐dependent transcription. PEA15 expression also inversely correlates with cell motility and invasiveness. We therefore tested PEA15 effects on neuroblastoma cells in vitro. We further analyzed PEA15 expression in the context of clinical and genetic features of neuroblastoma in tumor samples to determine its correlation with disease progression. Affymetrix microarray analysis was performed using 24 different neuroblastoma cell lines. Cell lines expressing low to intermediate levels of PEA15 were chosen for in vitro functional studies. The cell line results were verified by Affymetrix analysis of 3 differe... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559493 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559492&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27416 AbstractA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐chip analysis of 98 cases of aggressive Bcell lymphomas revealed a recurrent deletion at 19p13 in 9 of the cases. Six further cases with deletions encompassing this region were found in array‐comparative genomic hybridization data of 295 aggressive B‐cell lymphomas from a previous study. Three cases even showed a homozygous deletion, suggesting a tumor suppressor gene in the deleted region. Two genes encoding members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily were located in the minimally deleted region, i.e. TNFSF7 and TNFSF9. As no mutations were found within the coding exons of the remaining alleles in the lymphomas with heterozygous deletions, we speculate that the deletions may mostly function through a haploinsufficiency mechanism. T... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559492 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559491&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27417 AbstractTwo genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 5p15.33 (TERT‐CLPTM1L) as one of the susceptible regions for glioma in European background. A replication research of our group highlighted the association signals in the TERT gene of this region in a Chinese Han population. To comprehensively explore the region of glioma association at 5p15.33 and to refine the potential causal variants to a smaller critical region, we conducted a fine‐mapping association study among 983 cases and 1024 controls in a Chinese Han population. Using Hapmap 3 datasets as a reference, we genotyped 16 tag SNPs across this 87.9kb region encompassing TERT. Significant association with glioma risk was observed for rs2853677 [GG vs GA: adjusted OR= 1.46, P= 5.51×10‐6, GG vs AA: adjusted OR= 1.... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559491 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559490&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27418 AbstractCarcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are very common after sexual debut and nearly all become undetectable (“clear”) within a few years. Following clearance, the long‐term risks of type‐specific HPV re‐appearance and subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) are not well defined.In the 7‐year, population‐based cohort study in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, we studied how often type‐specific carcinogenic HPV infections re‐appeared after clearance, and how often re‐appearance led to CIN2+. We considered 1740 carcinogenic HPV infections detected by MY09/11 PCR among 2805 women (18‐91 years old, median 34) who were actively followed at 6‐ or 12‐ month intervals. We identified women with 1 or more type‐specific HPV ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559490 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559489&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27419 AbstractCurrently used clinico‐pathological parameters are insufficient for a reliable prediction of metastatic risk and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To identify prognostic genes, the expression profiles of primary ccRCC obtained from patients with different DFS — eight synchronously, nine metachronously, and seven not metastasized tumors — were determined by genome‐wide expression analyses. Synchronously and metachronously metastasized primary ccRCC differed in the expression of 167 genes. Thirty‐six of these genes were also differentially expressed in synchronously vs. metachronously developed pulmonary metastases analyzed in a previous study. Due to their DFS‐associated deregulation that is concordant in metastases... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559489 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559488&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27420 AbstractDemographic and lifestyle factors, in particular tobacco smoking and alcohol, are well established causes of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however little is known about the effect of these factors on survival. We included all 301 patients with incident OSCC, recruited into a population‐based case‐control study of oesophageal cancer in Australia. Detailed information about demographic and lifestyle factors was obtained at diagnosis, and deaths were identified using the National Death Index. Median follow‐up for all‐cause mortality was 6.4 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, pre‐treatment AJCC tumour stage, treatment and presence of co‐morbidities. 213 pa... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559488 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559487&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27421 AbstractCYP1A1 catalyze the conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) into reactive metabolites which may induce DNA damage. We hypothesized that DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer could be involved in inter‐individual differences in mRNA levels of CYP1A1 or affect the smoking‐induced DNA damage in human lung. Using DNA bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing, we show that DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer is affected by smoking. In adjacent histologically normal lung from lung cancer patients (n=120), low levels of DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer were related to high levels of smoking‐induced hydrophobic DNA adduct (p < 0.03), and to the presence of TP53 or K‐ras mutations in the corresponding lung tumors (p < 0.03). We found an inverse correlation... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559487 Sat, 31 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524174&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27410 AbstractTumor‐induced immune suppression has mainly been studied in patients with advanced cancer. Despite the fact that they are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, patients with early‐stage cancers were underrepresented in these studies.We analyzed blood and tumor‐derived T cells from patients with stage 1 (n=20), stage 2 (n=23) or stage 3 (n=1) breast cancer and found that, even early‐stage tumors induced T cell differentiation. Breast cancer patients had significantly more circulating CD8+ memory and fewer CD8+ naïve T cells than healthy controls (n=10). Up‐regulation of CD69 and PD1 on cancer patient T cells suggests previous activation, and increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD8+ T cells indicates that their homing capacity differs fro... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524174 Thu, 22 Dec 2011 01:36:14 +0100 5524174 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647101&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27410 AbstractTumor‐induced immune suppression has mainly been studied in patients with advanced cancer. Despite the fact that they are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, patients with early stage cancers were under‐represented in these studies. We analyzed blood and tumor‐derived T cells from patients with stage 1 (n = 20), stage 2 (n = 23) or stage 3 (n = 1) breast cancer and found that, even early stage tumors induced T cell differentiation. Breast cancer patients had significantly more circulating CD8+ memory and fewer CD8+ naïve T cells than healthy controls (n = 10). Up‐regulation of CD69 and PD1 on cancer patient T cells suggests previous activation, and increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 on CD8+ T cells indicates that their homing capacity dif... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647101 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5647101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647100&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27408 In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer, consistently observed for cohort and case–control studies. More large studies are needed to determine subgroups to obtain more benefits from coffee drinking in relation to endometrial cancer risk. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647100 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5647100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524178&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27406 AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced cancer cell apoptosis has become a novel signaling target for the development of therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, exhibits growth‐suppressive activity against cancer cells via multi‐target mechanisms. However, the low stability and poor pharmacokinetics significantly limit its clinical applications. Thus, we designed and synthesized a novel mono‐carbonyl analogue of curcumin, 1,5‐bis(2‐methoxyphenyl)penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐one (B63). This compound exhibited a higher chemical stability in cultural medium and a better intracellular profile than curcumin. Treatment with B63 potently induced apoptosis of human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in a dose‐responsive manner, while e... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524178 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5524178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524177&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27407 AbstractHuman proto‐oncogene c‐Jun and c‐Fos assemble the AP‐1 complex which is a crucial transcription factor responding to environmental factors and promotes tumorgenesis. We hypothesized that genetic variants in these two genes may alter the carriers' susceptibility to lung cancer. In two independent case‐control studies, we genotyped three putative functional polymorphisms (‐1318T>G and ‐673T>C of c‐Jun; ‐60C>T of c‐Fos) in Southern Chinese and then validated the association in Eastern Chinese. We found that compared with ‐1318TT genotype, the ‐1318GT/GG variant genotypes had an increased lung cancer risk (OR = 1.46, 95% CI= 1.26‐1.69); and the ‐673CC genotype had an increased lung cancer risk compared to ‐673TT/CT genotypes (OR = 1.35, 95% CI= 1.... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524177 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5524177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524176&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27408 In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer, consistently observed for cohort and case‐control studies. More large studies are needed to determine subgroups to obtain more benefits from coffee drinking in relation to endometrial cancer risk. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524176 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5524176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524175&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27409 AbstractActivated Kras gene coupled with activation of Akt and NF‐κB trigger the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), the precursor lesion for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. Therefore, intervention at premalignant stage of disease is considered an ideal strategy to delay the tumor development. Pancreatic malignant tumor cell lines are widely used, however there are not relevant cell‐based models representing premalignant stages of PDAC to test intervention agents. By employing a novel Kras‐driven cell‐based model representing premalignant and malignant stages of PDAC, we investigated the efficacy of ACTICOA‐grade cocoa polyphenol (CP) as a potent chemopreventive agent under in vitro and in vivo conditions. It is noteworthy that several... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524175 Tue, 20 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5524175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504379&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27405 AbstractTo investigate the potential role of vitamin or mineral supplementation on the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), we analyzed individual‐level pooled data from 12 case‐control studies (7,002 HNC cases and 8,383 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. There were a total of 2,028 oral cavity cancer, 2,465 pharyngeal cancer, and 874 unspecified oral/pharynx cancer, 1,329 laryngeal cancer and 306 overlapping HNC cases. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self reported ever use of any vitamins, multivitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and calcium, beta‐carotene, iron, selenium, and zinc supplements were assessed. We further examined frequency, duration and cumulative exposure of each vitamin or mineral ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504379 Fri, 16 Dec 2011 01:35:23 +0100 5504379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581066&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27404 In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of four CC (HPV+) and four HNSCC (HPV−) derived cell lines to VSV oncolysis. Interestingly, the CC cell lines were consistently more sensitive to VSV cytotoxicity than the HNSCC cell lines tested. Exogenous IFN addition or infection with two attenuated VSV variants that are more susceptible to IFN inhibition failed to attenuate VSV oncolysis in hypersensitive CC cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of HPV‐E6, that inhibits IFN receptor signaling, in the VSV‐resistant HNSCC cell line SCC25 attenuated VSV‐induced IFN response and significantly enhanced VSV cytotoxicity. Finally, differential VSV infection and replication was confirmed in xenograft murine tumor models and explant tumor tissues from two patients with CC. Taken together, th... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581066 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581065&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27400 AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may influence risk of prostate cancer. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, we examined the relationship between sun exposure at 30 and 50 years of age and risk of prostate cancer in a case–control study combining the NSW prostate cancer care and outcome study (cases) and the NSW non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma study (controls). Prostate cancer risk increased with increasing estimated sun exposure (adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartiles of average weekly sun exposure in the warmer months 2.07 95% CI: 1.36–3.15) and this increase was most evident with weekend sun exposure (adjusted OR = 5.55, 95% CI: 2.94–10.48). High sun sensitivity was also positively associated with risk for prostate cancer (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.09–2.44). The... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581065 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504386&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27398 AbstractAlthough malpractice lawsuits are frequently related to a delayed breast cancer diagnosis in symptomatic patients, information on claims at European screening mammography programmes is lacking. We determined the type and frequency of malpractice claims at a Dutch breast cancer screening region.We included all 85,274 women (351,009 screens) who underwent biennial screening mammography at a southern breast screening region in the Netherlands between 1997‐2009. Two screening radiologists reviewed the screening mammograms of all screen detected cancers and interval cancers and determined whether the cancer had been missed at the previous screen or at the latest screen, respectively. We analysed all correspondence between the screening organization, clinicians and screened women, and ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504386 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504385&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27399 In conclusion, the SLC39A14‐exon4B transcript variant is a CRC biomarker with high sensitivity and organ‐confined specificity. Further utilization of the transcript and its encoded protein isoform should be explored in an organ‐confined context. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504385 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504385 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504384&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27400 AbstractUltraviolet radiation in sunlight may influence risk of prostate cancer. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, we examined the relationship between sun exposure at 30 and 50 years of age and risk of prostate cancer in a case‐control study combining the NSW Prostate Cancer Care and Outcome Study (cases) and the NSW Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma Study (controls). Prostate cancer risk increased with increasing estimated sun exposure (adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartiles of average weekly sun exposure in the warmer months 2.07 95% CI: 1.36‐3.15) and this increase was most evident with weekend sun exposure (adjusted OR=5.55, 95%CI: 2.94‐10.48). High sun sensitivity was also positively associated with risk for prostate cancer (adjusted OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.09‐2.44). The apparent ef... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504384 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504383&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27401 In conclusion, the interplay of TF‐BQ and alcohol/tobacco use, combined with how chewing habit is practiced, influences carcinogenic consequences on anatomically diverse sites of UADT and GIT cancers, and histologically different types. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504383 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504382&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27402 AbstractBone tumours comprise 0.2% of cancers overall but 5.7% in 15–24 year‐olds. To explore the relationship with adolescence we have analysed age‐incidence patterns of bone tumours in a large national dataset. Data on incident cases of bone tumours in 0–84 year‐olds in England, 1979‐2003, were extracted from national cancer registration data. Incidence rates per million person‐years by; 5‐year age‐group, sex, morphology and primary site were calculated and adjusted to the world standard population. 9146 cases were identified giving an overall age‐standardized rate of 7.19 per million person‐years. The distribution by morphology was: osteosarcoma, 34.2%; chondrosarcoma, 27.2%; Ewing sarcoma, 19.3%; other, 19.4%. The distribution varied by age. Ewing sarcoma was most... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504382 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504381&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27403 This study investigated whether tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are related to treatment response to epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), and may be a predictor of survival. Of 206 advanced NSCLC patients treated (first‐line) with an EGFR‐TKI at the study hospital from 2006 to 2009, 107 with adequate specimens for assessing CD68 immunohistochemistry as a marker of TAMs were assessed. After EGFR‐TKI treatment, response was observed in 55 (51%) patients, and the median follow‐up period was 13.5 months. Most TAMs were located in the tumor stroma (>95%) and positively costained with the M2 marker CD163. TAM counts were significantly higher in patients with progressive disease than in those... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504381 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504380&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27404 In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 4 CC (HPV+) and 4 HNSCC (HPV‐) derived cell lines to VSV oncolysis. Interestingly, the CC cell lines were consistently more sensitive to VSV cytotoxicity than the HNSCC cell lines tested. Exogenous IFN addition or infection with two attenuated VSV variants that are more susceptible to IFN inhibition failed to attenuate VSV oncolysis in hypersensitive CC cell lines. Furthermore, expression of HPV‐E6, that inhibits IFN receptor signaling, in the VSV resistant HNSCC cell line SCC25 attenuated VSV induced IFN response and significantly enhanced VSV cytotoxicity. Finally, differential VSV infection and replication was confirmed in xenograft murine tumour models and explant tumour tissues from two CC patients. Taken together, these results demon... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504380 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647104&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27395 AbstractAtorvastatin and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were evaluated for chemoprevention of mouse lung tumors. In Experiment 1, lung tumors were induced by vinyl carbamate in strain A/J mice followed by 500 mg/kg SAHA, 60 or 180 mg/kg atorvastatin, and combinations containing SAHA and atorvastatin administered in their diet. SAHA and both combinations, but not atorvastatin, decreased the multiplicity of lung tumors, including large adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the combinations demonstrating the greatest efficacy. In Experiment 2, lung tumors were induced by 4‐(methylnitrosoamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol in strain A/J mice followed by 180 mg/kg atorvastatin, 500 mg/kg SAHA, or both drugs administered in the diet. SAHA and the combination of both drugs, but not ato... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647104 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5647104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638160&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27396 AbstractGefiinib and erlotinib are two similar small molecules of selective and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), which have been approved for second‐line or third‐line indication in previously treated advanced Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results of comparing the EGFR‐TKI with standard platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy as the first‐line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation were still controversial. A meta‐analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of these regimens. Finally, six eligible trials involved 1,021 patients were identified. The patients receiving EGFR‐TKI as front‐line therapy had a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) th... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638160 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5638160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581064&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27397 AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) causes anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers in men. Genital HPV prevalence in men appears to vary by world region with men residing in Asia having among the lowest prevalence. Unfortunately, there is little information on prevalence of HPV infection in men by race. The purpose of this study was to examine HPV prevalence by race across three countries. 3,909 men ages 18–70 years enrolled in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the natural history of HPV in men (The HIM Study) were included in the analysis. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires and samples were taken from the penile epithelium and scrotum for HPV detection. HPV testing of the combined DNA extract was conducted using PCR and genotyping. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the lowes... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581064 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581063&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27393 AbstractLong‐term survivors of childhood cancer suffer from a higher mortality than the general population. Here we evaluate late and very late mortality, and patterns of causes of death, in 5‐year survivors after childhood and adolescent cancer in cases diagnosed during four decades in the five Nordic countries. The study is population‐based and uses data of the nationwide cancer registries and the cause of death registers. There were in all 37,515 incident cases, diagnosed with cancer before the age of 20 years, between 1960 and 1999. The 5‐year survivor cohort used in the mortality analyses consisted of 21,984 patients who were followed up for vital status until December 31, 2005 (Norway, Sweden) or 2006 (Denmark, Finland, Iceland). At the latest follow‐up, 2,324 patients were... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581063 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504391&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27394 AbstractDiabetes is a risk factor for many cancers; chronic hyperglycemia is hypothesized to be, in part, explanatory. We evaluated the association between glycated hemoglobin, a time‐integrated glycemia measure, and cancer incidence and mortality in non‐diabetic and diabetic men and women. We conducted a prospective study of 12,792 cancer‐free participants attending the second visit (1990‐1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We measured glycated hemoglobin in whole‐blood samples using HPLC. Incident cancers were ascertained from registries and hospital records through 2006. We estimated multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of cancer incidence and mortality for non‐diabetic participants with values ≥5.7% (elevated), non‐diabetic participants... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504391 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504390&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27395 AbstractAtorvastatin and SAHA were evaluated for co‐chemoprevention of mouse lung tumors. In Experiment 1, lung tumors were induced by vinyl carbamate in strain A/J mice followed by 500 mg/kg SAHA, 60 or 180 mg/kg Atorvastatin, and combinations containing SAHA and Atorvastatin administered in their diet. SAHA and both combinations, but not Atorvastatin, decreased the multiplicity of lung tumors, including large adenomas and adenocarcinomas with the combinations demonstrating the greatest efficacy. In Experiment 2, lung tumors were induced by 4‐(methylnitrosoamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol [NNK] in strain A/J mice followed by 180 mg/kg Atorvastatin, 500 mg/kg SAHA, or both drugs administered in the diet. SAHA and the combination of both drugs, but not Atorvastatin alone, decrea... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504390 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504389&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27396 AbstractGefltinib and erlotinib are two similar small molecules of selective and reversible Epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), which have been approved for second‐line or third‐line indication in previously treated advanced Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The results of comparing the EGFR‐TKI with standard platinum‐based doublet chemotherapy as the first‐line treatment in advanced NSCLC patients with activated EGFR mutation were still controversial. A meta‐analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of these regimens. Finally, six eligible trials involved 1021 patients were identified. The patients receiving EGFR‐TKI as front line therapy had a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504389 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504388&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27397 AbstractHPV causes anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers in men. Genital HPV prevalence in men appears to vary by world region with men residing in Asia having among the lowest prevalence. Unfortunately, there is little information on prevalence of HPV infection in men by race. The purpose of this study was to examine HPV prevalence by race across three countries. 3,909 men ages 18‐70 years enrolled in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the natural history of HPV in men (The HIM Study) were included in the analysis. Participants completed risk factor questionnaires and samples were taken from the penile epithelium and scrotum for HPV detection. HPV testing of the combined DNA extract was conducted using PCR and genotyping. Asian/Pacific Islanders had the lowest HPV prevalence of 42.... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504388 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504387&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27393 AbstractLong‐term survivors of childhood cancer suffer from a higher mortality than the general population. Here we evaluate late and very late mortality, and patterns of causes of death, in five year survivors after childhood and adolescent cancer in cases diagnosed during four decades in the five Nordic countries.The study is population‐based and uses data of the nationwide cancer registries and the cause of death registers. There were in all 37,515 incident cases, diagnosed with cancer before the age of 20 years, between 1960 and 1999. The 5‐year survivor cohort used in the mortality analyses consisted of 21,984 patients who were followed‐up for vital status until December 31, 2005 (Norway, Sweden) or 2006 (Denmark, Finland, Iceland).At the latest follow‐up, 2,324 patients wer... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504387 Tue, 13 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486472&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27391 AbstractBecause of its anti‐tumor effect, the immunosuppressant rapamycin holds great promise for organ transplant recipients in that it may lower their cancer risk. In a mouse model we showed previously that rapamycin inhibits the outgrowth of primary skin carcinomas induced by UV radiation. However, the tumors that did grow out showed an altered p53 mutation spectrum. Here, we investigated whether this shift in p53 mutations already occurred in the smallest tumors, which were not affected in onset. We found that rapamycin did not alter the mutational spectrum in small tumors and in preceding microscopic clusters of cells expressing mutant‐p53. However, rapamycin did reduce the number of these cell clusters. As this reduction did not affect tumor onset, we subsequently investigated wh... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486472 Sat, 10 Dec 2011 01:42:42 +0100 5486472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581062&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27392 AbstractOverexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 is common in epithelial cancers and linked to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, increasing survival and facilitating invasion and migration. However, other studies have reported loss of EphB4 suggesting a tumor suppressor function in some cancers. These opposing roles may be regulated by (i) the presence of the primary ligand ephrin‐B2 that regulates pathways involved in tumor suppression or (ii) the absence of ephrin‐B2 that allows EphB4 signaling via ligand‐independent pathways that contribute to tumor promotion. To explore this theory, EphB4 was overexpressed in the prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 and the mammary epithelial cell line MCF‐10A. Overexpressed EphB4 localized to lipid‐rich regions of the plasm... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581062 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486475&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27389 In this study we examined the risk of all cancer and site specific cancers in individuals taking bisphosphonates. Data were extracted from the UK General Practice Research Database to compare site‐specific cancer incidence in a cohort of oral bisphosphonate users and a control cohort. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression modelling. The bisphosphonate and control cohort contained 41,826 participants (mean age 70, 81% female). Overall, the bisphosphonate cohort compared with the control cohort had a reduced risk of all cancer after any bisphosphonate usage (HR=0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.92). In the bisphosphonate cohort, compared with the control cohort, there was no evidence of a difference in the risk of lung (HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.88, 1.20) or prostate cancer (HR=0.86, 95%CI 0.67, 1... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486475 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5486475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486474&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27390 This study further investigated the association between diabetes and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and distal stomach. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486474 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5486474 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5486473&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27392 AbstractOver‐expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 is common in epithelial cancers and linked to tumour progression by promoting angiogenesis, increasing survival and facilitating invasion and migration. However, other studies have reported loss of EphB4 suggesting a tumour suppressor function in some cancers. These opposing roles may be regulated by a) the presence of the primary ligand ephrin‐B2 that regulates pathways involved in tumour suppression or b) the absence of ephrin‐B2 that allows EphB4 signaling via ligand‐independent pathways that contribute to tumour promotion. To explore this theory, EphB4 was over‐expressed in the prostate cancer cell line 22Rv1 and the mammary epithelial cell line MCF‐10A. Over‐expressed EphB4 localized to lipid‐rich regions of... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5486473 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5486473 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468450&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27388 AbstractThe purpose of the current phase II single‐arm clinical trial was to evaluate whether pre‐treatment with low‐dose cyclophosphamide improves immunogenicity of a p53‐synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccine in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer patients with elevated serum levels of CA‐125 after primary treatment were immunized four times with the p53‐SLP vaccine. Each immunization was preceded by administration of 300mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) cyclophosphamide, as a means to affect regulatory T‐cells (Tregs). Vaccine‐induced p53‐specific IFN‐γ producing T‐cells evaluated by IFN‐γ ELISPOT were observed in 90% (9/10) and 87.5% (7/8) of evaluable patients after two and four immunizations, respectively. Proliferative p53‐specific T‐cells, obse... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468450 Sun, 04 Dec 2011 01:39:24 +0100 5468450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5647103&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27388 AbstractThe purpose of the current phase II single‐arm clinical trial was to evaluate whether pretreatment with low‐dose cyclophosphamide improves immunogenicity of a p53‐synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccine in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients with ovarian cancer with elevated serum levels of CA‐125 after primary treatment were immunized four times with the p53‐SLP vaccine. Each immunization was preceded by administration of 300 mg/m2 intravenous cyclophosphamide as a means to affect regulatory T cells (Tregs). Vaccine‐induced p53‐specific interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ)‐producing T cells evaluated by IFN‐γ ELISPOT were observed in 90% (9/10) and 87.5% (7/8) of evaluable patients after two and four immunizations, respectively. Proliferative p53‐specific T... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5647103 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5647103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468453&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27385 AbstractO6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation identifies a subpopulation of glioblastoma patients with more favorable prognosis and predicts a benefit from alkylating agent chemotherapy (CT). Little is known about its prevalence and clinical significance in older glioblastoma patients. We studied 233 glioblastoma patients aged 70 years or more (144 male, 89 female, median age 74 years, range 70.0‐86.6 years), who were prospectively enrolled in the German Glioma Network, for MGMT promoter methylation by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) in all patients and DNA pyrosequencing in 166 patients. MGMT data were correlated with patient outcome. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (95% CI 4.3‐5.3) and median overall survival (OS) was 7.7 mo... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468453 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5468453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468452&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27386 AbstractThe risk for colorectal cancer may be influenced by the dietary intake of various vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. We conducted a pooled analysis of dietary data collected using food diaries in seven prospective studies in the United Kingdom Dietary Cohort Consortium. 565 cases of colorectal cancer were matched with 1,951 controls on study centre, age, sex and recruitment date. Dietary intakes of retinol, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, n‐6 fatty acids, n‐3 fatty acids and the ratio of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids were estimated and their associations with colorectal cancer examined using conditional logistic regression models, adjusting for exact age, height, weight, energy intake, alco... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468452 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5468452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5468451&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27387 In conclusion the haplotype ACG in the VEGF gene may influence the efficacy of thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Further analyses are needed to confirm these findings and get insight into the functional effect of these polymorphisms so in the future we may be able to select multiple myeloma patients who especially will benefit from treatment with thalidomide. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5468451 Sat, 03 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5468451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457012&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27384 We examined the effect of Dihydrosterone (DHT), antiandrogen, bicalutamide and Hh pathway inhibitor, KAAD‐cyclopamine in four human prostate cell lines (two cancerous: LNCaP, VCaP and two normal: PNT2 and PNT2‐ARm which harbours a mutant version of androgen receptor (AR) that is commonly found in LNCaP). Cell proliferation as well as Hh pathway members (SHH, IHH, DHH, GLI, PTCH) mRNA expression levels were assessed. We showed that KAAD‐cyclopamine decreased cell proliferation of DHT‐stimulated LNCaP, VCaP and PNT2‐ARm cells. SHH expression was found to be downregulated by DHT in all AR posititve cells. The negative effect of DHT on SHH expression was counteracted when cells were treated by bicalutamide. Importantly, KAAD‐cyclopamine treatment seemed to inhibit AR activity. More... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457012 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 01:38:03 +0100 5457012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581061&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27381 AbstractPhosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)‐3, a member of a subgroup of protein tyrosine phosphatases that can stimulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix, is over‐expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relative to primary tumors. To determine whether PRL‐3‐induced enhancement of migration and invasion is dependent on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), PRL‐3 was expressed in DLD‐1 human CRC cells. The motility, migration and invasion characteristics of the cells were examined, and metastasis to the lung was confirmed in a nude mouse using PRL‐3‐overexpressing DLD‐1 cells [DLD‐1 (PRL‐3)]. Migration and invasion of the cells were inhibited by phosphatase and farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Expression of MMPs was enhanced 3‐ to ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581061 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457016&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27379 AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) agonists and antagonists have been shown to improve hair growth after chemotherapy; however, rapid clearance and systemic side‐effects complicate their usage. To facilitate delivery and retention to skin, we fused PTH agonists and antagonists to the collagen binding domain of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. In‐vitro studies showed that the agonist fusion protein, PTH‐CBD, bound collagen and activated the PTH/parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP) receptor in SaOS‐2 cells. The antagonist fusion proteins, PTH(7‐33)‐CBD and PTH([‐1]‐33)‐CBD, also bound collagen and antagonized PTH(1‐34) effect in SaOS‐2 cells; however, PTH(7‐33)‐CBD had lower intrinsic activity. Distribution studies confirmed uptake of PTH‐CBD to the s... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457016 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457015&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27380 In this study, we examined the reactivity of Mab CC188 to ovarian cancer cells including CD133+ cells and primary tumor tissues using immunofluorescence staining methods and tissue microarray technique. We also explored the feasibility of using NIR dye‐labeled Mab CC188 probe to image ovarian tumors in vivo. Mab CC188 stains both CD133‐ and CD133+ cells of ovarian cancer. Tissue microarray analysis reveals that 75% (92/123) of ovarian cancer cases are positively stained with Mab CC188. Weak positive (±), positive (+), strong positive (++) and very strong positive (+++) stains are 14.8%, 3.7%, 11% and 24.4% respectively. In contrast, Mab CC188 staining is low in normal cells and tissues. In vivo study show that significant amounts of the probe accumulates in the excretion organs in the... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457015 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457014&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27381 AbstractPRL‐3, a member of a subgroup of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that can stimulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix, is over‐expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer relative to primary tumors. To determine whether PRL‐3‐induced enhancement of migration and invasion is dependent on the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), PRL‐3 was expressed in DLD‐1 human colorectal cancer cells. The motility, migration and invasion characteristics of the cells were examined and metastasis to the lung was confirmed in a nude mouse using PRL‐3‐overexpressing DLD‐1 cells [DLD‐1 (PRL‐3)]. Migration and invasion of the cells were inhibited by phosphatase and farnesyl transferase inhibitors. Expression of MMPs was enhanced 3‐ to 10‐fold in comparison... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457014 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457013&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27383 AbstractBody‐mass‐index (BMI) has been inversely associated with lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. However, only a few studies have assessed BMI change in adulthood in relation to cancer. To understand the relationship between BMI change and these cancers in both men and women, we analyzed data from a population‐based case‐control study conducted in Los Angeles County. Adulthood BMI change was measured as the proportional change in BMI between age 21 and one year prior to interview or diagnosis. Five categories of BMI change were included and individuals with no more than a 5% loss or gain were defined as having a stable BMI (reference group). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Potent... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457013 Wed, 30 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638162&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27367 AbstractTo optimize HPV vaccination implementation at the population‐level in China, data are needed on age‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence. This cross‐sectional, population‐based study evaluated the age‐ and type‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence of DNA and serum antibodies among women in China. From July 2006 to April 2007, 17–54 year old women from three rural provinces (Xinjiang, Shanxi and Henan) and two cities (Beijing and Shanghai) provided cervical exfoliated cells for HPV DNA and liquid‐based cervical cytology (SurePath). High‐ and low‐risk HPV types were detected with HC‐II (Qiagen), with genotyping of HPV‐positive samples using Linear Array (Roche). HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 serum antibodies were detected using a Luminex‐based, competitive im... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638162 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5638162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581068&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27377 AbstractSome lines of evidence suggest that tumors, including ependymoma, might arise from a subpopulation of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), with self‐renewal and tumor‐initiation properties. Given the strict dependence of CSCs on epidermal growth factor (EGF) through EGF receptor (EGFR), we investigated the effects of EGFR inhibitors in ependymoma‐stem cells (SCs) in vitro and in orthotopic mouse models. We established two ependymoma‐SC lines from two recurrent pediatric ependymoma. Both lines expressed markers of radial glia—the candidate SCs of ependymoma—and showed renewal ability, multipotency, and tumorigenicity after orthotopic implantation, despite markedly different expression of CD133 (94 vs. 6%). High phosphorylated‐EGFR/EGFR ratio was detected, which decr... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581068 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559499&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27370 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559499 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5559498&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27363 AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in nearly all cervical cancers and approximately half of vaginal cancers. However, vaginal cancer is an order of magnitude less common than cervical cancer, not only in the general population but also among women with HIV/AIDS. It is interesting therefore that recent studies found that HPV was common in both normal vaginal and cervical tissue, with higher prevalence of nononcogenic HPV types in the vagina. In our investigation, we prospectively examined HPV infection in 86 HIV‐positive and 17 HIV‐negative women who underwent hysterectomy during follow‐up in a longitudinal cohort. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained semi‐annually and tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. To address possible selection biases associat... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5559498 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5559498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457029&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27368 AbstractSeveral reports have shown that secreted clusterin (sCLU) plays multiple roles in tumor development and metastasis. Here, we report on a 12‐mer sCLU binding peptide (designated P3378) that was identified by screening a phage‐display peptide library against purified human sCLU. Differential resonance perturbation (DRP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using P3378 and a scrambled control peptide (designated P3378R) confirmed the P3378‐sCLU interaction and demonstrated that it was sequence specific. P3378 and P3378R peptides were conjugated to an Alexa680 near infrared fluorophore (NIRF) and assessed for their tumor homing abilities in in vivo time‐domain fluorescence optical imaging experiments using living 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice. When injected in separate animals, bot... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457029 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457028&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27369 This study aimed to identify the timing of ALU and LINE‐1 hypomethylations during multistep gastric carcinogenesis and their prognostic implications in gastric cancer. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457028 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457027&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27370 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457027 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457026&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27371 AbstractWe recently reported that standardized quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) assays allowed prediction of an adverse outcome among 572 node negative (N‐) patients with breast carcinoma (BrCa). To further validate our prior findings, we repeated the IHC stains including a second series of BrCa diagnosed at Yale University.Tissue micro‐arrays TMA of two cohorts of patients with BrCa (418 Marseille University and 303 Yale University) were respectively investigated for IHC expression of 15 markers, (HIF‐1α, PI3K, pAKT, pmTOR, moesin, P21, 4EBP‐1, P27, Ker5‐6, pMAPKAPK‐2, SHARP2, Claudin‐1, ALDH, AF6, CD24). Quantitative measurements of immunoprecipitates densitometry assessed with an image analyzer were correlated with 8 year patients outcome and compared in the two coh... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457026 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457025&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27372 AbstractPhytanic acid is a saturated fatty acid found predominantly in red meat and dairy products and may contribute to increases in prostate cancer risk that are observed with higher intakes of these foods. We constructed a novel summary measure of phytanic acid intake and prospectively examined its association with prostate cancer risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention Study – a cohort of Finnish male smokers ages 50‐69 years. Diet was assessed at baseline in 27,111 participants using a validated 276‐item dietary questionnaire. Since phytanic acid is not currently included in food composition tables, we used the published phytanic acid content of 151 major food items to estimate total daily intake. During up to 20 years of follow‐up, a total of 1,929 i... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457025 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457024&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27373 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457024 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457023&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27374 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457023 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457022&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27375 This study focused on analyzing control region including mtDNA minisatellites and coding regions. Cancer tissue‐specific mtDNA mutations were found in over half of the patients (59%). The pattern of mtDNA mutations were substitution only (13%), mtDNA minisatellite instability (mtMSI) (20%) and both mutations combined (26%). mtMSI in colorectal cancer was mainly occurred in the 303 polyC (35%) and 16184 poly C (19%) minisatellite. mtDNA copy number and hydrogen peroxide level was significantly increased in colorectal cancer tissue. The amount of mtDNA large deletions was significantly decreased in colorectal cancer tissue compared with those from matched normal mucosa (p = 0.03). The activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes I, II, and III in colorectal cancer tissu... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457022 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457021&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27376 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457021 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457020&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27377 This study describes for the first time EGFR signaling in ependymoma‐SCs and the effects of EGFR blockade in complementary in vitro and in vivo systems. The experimental models we developed can be used to further investigate the activity of EGFR inhibitors or other antineoplastic agents in this tumor. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457020 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457019&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27378 AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor. Despite multi‐agent neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy, patients with metastatic disease have a poor prognosis. Moreover, currently used chemotherapeutics have severe toxic side effects. Thus, novel agents with improved antimetastatic activity and reduced toxicity are needed. Taurolidine, a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial, has recently been shown to have antineoplastic properties against a variety of tumors and low systemic toxicity. Consequently, we investigated in the present study the antineoplastic potential of taurolidine against osteosarcoma in two different mouse models. Although both osteosarcoma cell lines, K7M2 and LM8, were sensitive for the compound in vitro, intraperitoneal application of taurolidine failed to inhibit pri... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457019 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457018&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27363 AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in nearly all cervical cancers and approximately half of vaginal cancers. However, vaginal cancer is an order of magnitude less common than cervical cancer, not only in the general population but also among women with HIV/AIDS. It is interesting therefore that recent studies found that HPV was common in both normal vaginal and cervical tissue, with higher prevalence of non‐oncogenic HPV types in the vagina. In the current investigation, we prospectively examined HPV infection in 86 HIV‐positive and 17 HIV‐negative women who underwent hysterectomy during follow‐up in a longitudinal cohort. Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained semi‐annually and tested for HPV DNA by PCR. To address possible selection biases associated with hav... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457018 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5457017&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27367 AbstractTo optimize HPV vaccination implementation at the population‐level in China, data are needed on age‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence. This cross‐sectional, population‐based study evaluated the age‐ and type‐specific HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11 prevalence of DNA and serum antibodies among women in China. From July 2006 to April 2007, 17 to 54‐year‐old women from three rural provinces (Xinjiang, Shanxi, and Henan) and two cities (Beijing and Shanghai) provided cervical exfoliated cells for HPV DNA and liquid‐based cervical cytology (SurePath). High and low‐risk HPV types were detected with HC‐II (Qiagen), with genotyping of HPV‐positive samples using Linear Array (Roche). HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11 serum antibodies were detected using a Luminex‐based, competitiv... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5457017 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5457017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440359&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27366 AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether intakes of total fat and fat subtypes were associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia or gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinoma. From 1995‐1996, dietary intake data was reported by 494,978 participants of the NIH‐AARP cohort. 630 EAC, 215 ESCC, 454 gastric cardia and 501 gastric non‐cardia adenocarcinomas accrued to the cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the dietary fat intakes, whilst adjusting for potential confounders. Though apparent associations were observed in energy‐adjusted models, multivariate adjustment attenuated results to null (e.g. EAC energy adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (9... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440359 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 01:39:47 +0100 5440359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5638161&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27364 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5638161 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5638161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440362&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27362 In this study we show that antigen presenting cells (APC), infected with rVV‐US12, display a decreased ability to present TAP dependent MHC class‐I restricted viral antigens to CD8+ T‐cells. While HLA class‐I cell surface expression is strongly down‐regulated, other important immune related molecules such as CD80, CD44 and, most importantly, MHC class‐II are unaffected. Characterization of rVV‐MUS12 infected cells demonstrates that over‐expression of a TAP‐independent peptide, partially compensates for ICP47 induced surface MHC class‐I down‐regulation (30% vs 70% respectively). Most importantly, in conditions where clearance of infected APC by virus specific CTL represents a limiting factor, a significant enhancement of CTL responses to the tumor epitope can be detect... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440362 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5440362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440361&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27364 (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440361 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5440361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440360&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27365 In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC50 values of OC with that of etoposide, paclitaxel, and vinblastine in multiple cancer cell lines including HER2 and P‐glycoprotein over‐expressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in nude mice model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase‐dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, caspase‐3 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by caspase‐8 activation, Bid cleavage, and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan‐caspase inhibitor or over‐expression of an anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl‐xL, prevented OC‐induced cell death. Moreo... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440360 Thu, 24 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5440360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5440363&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27359 AbstractThe spontaneous immune responses against XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) were analyzed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. An antibody response against XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) was observed in 10% (20/200) of NSCLC patients and in 19% (13/69) of stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma patients. A CD4 T‐cell response was detected in 87.5% (14/16) and a CD8 T‐cell response in 66.7% (6/9) in the XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) antibody‐positive patients examined. Frequent antibody responses and CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses in XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) antibody‐positive patients indicate the strong immunogenicity of the XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) antigen in NSCLC patients. We established T‐cell clones from PBMCs of antibody‐positive patients and determined the DRB1*04:05‐restricted XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) 1... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5440363 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5440363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421657&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27360 AbstractRecent studies have revealed that the maturation state of vessels in tumors, in addition to vascularity, is a critical determinant of tumor growth. The role of oxygen‐dependent signaling pathways in hypoxia‐stimulated angiogenesis is well established, however, little is known about their impact on vessel maturation in tumors. Here, we have studied the function of the cellular oxygen sensor, factor inhibiting HIF‐1 (FIH), which controls the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1. FIH silencing in mouse LM8 osteosarcoma stimulated angiogenesis but did not influence tumor growth. In contrast, FIH overexpression led to increased pericyte coverage of the tumor vasculature, reduced vessel leakiness, and enhanced tumor growth. Vessel maturation was paralleled by up‐regulation ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421657 Sat, 19 Nov 2011 01:36:22 +0100 5421657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581067&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27352 AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) can bind to the 3′‐untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs, where they interfere with translation and thereby regulate cell differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in the 3′‐UTRs targeted by miRNAs alter the strength of miRNA binding in a manner that affects the behavior of individual miRNAs. The histone methyltransferase SET8 has been reported to methylate TP53 and regulate genomic stability. We analyzed a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (rs16917496) within the miR‐502 miRNA seed region for the 3′‐UTR of SET8 in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The SET8 CC genotype was independently associated with longer postoperative survival in patients with HCC by multivariate analysis (relative risk, 0.17... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581067 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5581067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504395&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27350 AbstractInflammation is a crucial driving force in the development of gastric cancers (GCs). Accordingly, persistent activation of STAT3, a transcription factor pivotal in regulating both inflammation and oncogenesis, is often detected in GC, although its mechanism remains elusive. Suppressor of cytokine signaling‐1 (SOCS‐1) is a negative regulator of proinflammatory cytokine signaling and SOCS‐1 gene methylation is frequently detected in various cancers including GC. However, the significance of SOCS‐1 methylation in GC cells remains unexplored. Our study is undertaken to evaluate the role of SOCS‐1 in GC cell proliferation and its effect on signaling pathways in GC cells. Among five GC cell lines, SOCS‐1 gene was methylated in all cell lines and constitutive STAT3 phosphoryla... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504395 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5504395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421667&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27350 This study is undertaken to evaluate the role of SOCS‐1 in GC cell proliferation and its effect on signaling pathways in GC cells. Among five GC cell lines, SOCS‐1 gene was methylated in all cell lines and constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation with elevated endogenous IL‐6 production was detected in two cell lines (NUGC‐3 and AGS). Unexpectedly, anti‐IL‐6R antibody inhibited neither cell proliferation nor STAT3 phosphorylation in NUGC‐3 and AGS. In contrast, enforced SOCS‐1 expression by adenoviral vector (AdSOCS‐1) markedly suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation and proliferation of NUGC‐3 and AGS cells in vitro. Interestingly, the anti‐proliferative effect of SOCS‐1 was attributable not only to the inhibition of STAT3 but also to that of p38 MAPK activity, and chemical inh... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421667 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421666&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27351 This study indicates that intrauterine and/or neonatal factors are associated with increased risk of hepatoblastoma. These may include low birth weight and asphyxia leading to neonatal intensive care. Alternatively, the factors may be a consequence of hepatoblastoma developing in utero. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421666 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421664&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27352 AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) can bind to the 3'untranslated regions (UTRs) of messenger RNAs, where they interfere with translation and thereby regulate cell differentiation, apoptosis and tumourigenesis. Genetic polymorphisms in the 3' UTRs targeted by miRNAs alter the strength of miRNA binding in a manner that affects the behaviour of individual miRNAs. The histone methyltransferase SET8 has been reported to methylate TP53 and regulate genomic stability. We analysed a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs16917496) within the miR‐502 microRNA seed region for the 3' UTR of SET8 in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The SET8 CC genotype was independently associated with longer post‐operative survival in HCC patients by multivariate analysis (relative risk, 0.175; 95% CI, 0.053 ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421664 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421663&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27353 AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) usually spreads into the peritoneal cavity, thereby providing an opportunity for intra‐peritoneal adoptive immunotherapy with Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, a T cell subpopulation endowed with high lytic properties against tumor cells. However, previous studies have reported that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells fail to expand from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in one‐third of cancer patients. Here, from a cohort of 37 EOC patients, a multiple correspondence analysis identified three populations, one of which was not suitable for Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell adoptive therapy. Interestingly, the ineligible patients were identified based on the frequency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in their peripheral blood and the patients' age. The average time to tumor recurrence was also found to ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421663 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421662&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27354 AbstractThere are limited data on the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). We sought to clarify this issue in a series of 450 VAIN cases with a confirmed diagnosis between 1990 and 2006. HPV genotyping was performed using paraffin‐embedded specimens and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods. Multiple HPV types were validated by E6 type‐specific PCR and direct sequencing. The HPV genotypes of the vaginal and cervical neoplasms were compared for those with incident VAIN and a history of previous/concomitant cervical neoplasms. Ki‐67 was performed for supporting diagnosis of VAIN. Of these 450 VAIN cases (median age, 59 years; range, 19‐93), two with missing paraffin blocks and 54 with poor DNA quali... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421662 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421661&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27355 AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with methylseleninic acid (MSeA), in comparison with selenomethionine (SeMet), on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice using intramuscular and subcutaneous injection models. Mice were fed AIN93G control diet or that diet supplemented with MSeA or SeMet at 2.5 mg selenium/kg for 4 weeks at which time they were injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously with 2.5 × 105 viable LLC cells. Experiments were terminated 2 weeks later for mice injected intramuscularly or 2 weeks after surgical removal of primary tumors from mice subcutaneously injected with cancer cells. Dietary supplementation with MSeA significantly reduced pulmonary metastatic yield compared with the controls (P &lt... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421661 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421660&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27356 AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G acts as negative regulator of the immune responses and its expression in tumor cells may enable them to escape immunosurveillance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of HLA‐G polymorphism on risk of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG‐CIN) and cervical cancer in a Canadian population. We analyzed 1372 women from participants recruited between 2001 and 2009 in the ongoing Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Risk (BCCR) case‐control study. A total of 539 women with histologically‐confirmed HG‐CIN and invasive cancer formed the case series, and 833 women with normal cytology served as controls. Cervical specimens were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using the MY09/11 PCR protocol and HLA‐G allele... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421660 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421659&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27357 AbstractThe contribution of melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants to the development of early‐onset melanoma is unknown. Using an Australian population‐based, case‐control‐family study, we sequenced MC1R for 565 cases with invasive cutaneous melanoma diagnosed between ages 18‐39 years, 409 unrelated controls and 518 sibling controls. Variants were classified a priori into ‘R’ variants (D84E, R142H, R151C, I155T, R160W, D294H) and ‘r’ variants (all other nonsynonymous variants). We estimated odds ratios (OR) for melanoma using unconditional (unrelated controls) and conditional (sibling controls) logistic regression. The prevalence of having at least one R or r variant was 86% for cases, 73% for unrelated controls and 81% for sibling controls. R151C conferred the h... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421659 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5421658&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27358 AbstractRecently we demonstrated that Resveratrol (RSV), a well known natural stilbene, is able to induce a delay in S progression with a concomitant increase in γH2AX expression in U87 glioma cells. Furthermore we showed it inhibits the ability of recombinant human Topoisomerase IIα to decatenate kDNA in vitro. Because proliferating tumour cells express topoisomerases at high levels and these enzymes are important targets of some of the most successful anticancer drugs, we tested whether RSV is able to poison Topoisomerase IIα in glioma cells. Then we monitored the increase of micronuclei in RSV treated U87 cells as a consequence of the conversion of TOPOII/DNA cleavable complexes to permanent DNA damage. Finally, we assayed the ability of RSV in modulating the expression of target pro... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5421658 Fri, 18 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5421658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5407237&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27361 In this study we have investigated the ability of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence AR in human prostate tumor cell lines in vitro and in LNCaP xenograft tumors following intravenous (i.v.) injection. In vitro screening studies using a panel of cationic lipids showed that LNPs containing the ionizable cationic lipid 2,2‐dilinoleyl‐4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐[1,3]‐dioxolane (DLin‐KC2‐DMA) exhibited the most potent AR silencing effects in LNCaP cells. This is attributed to an optimized ability of DLin‐KC2‐DMA‐containing LNP to be taken up into cells and to release the siRNA into the cell cytoplasm following endocytotic uptake. DLin‐KC2‐DMA LNPs were also effective in silencing the AR in a wild‐type AR expressing cell l... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5407237 Wed, 16 Nov 2011 16:44:58 +0100 5407237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5400106&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27347 AbstractA high intake of dietary antioxidant compounds has been hypothesized to be an appropriate strategy to reduce gastric cancer (GC) development. We investigated the effect of dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in relation to GC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study including 23 centers in 10 European countries. A total of 521,457 subjects (153,447 men) aged mostly 35‐70 years old, were recruited largely between 1992 and 1998. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential, (FRAP) and Total Radical‐Trapping Antioxidant Parameter, (TRAP), measuring reducing and chain breaking antioxidant capacity, were used to measure dietary TAC from plant foods. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of GC for both FRAP (adjusted HR 0.66; 95... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5400106 Sun, 13 Nov 2011 01:36:19 +0100 5400106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5400107&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27349 We report that by growing a commercially available recurrent GBM cell line (DBTRG‐05MG) without serum and in the presence of defined growth factors; we obtained a less differentiated cell population, growing in suspension as neurospheres, in which the Hedgehog pathway is activated. Furthermore, the expression profile of Hedgehog pathway components found in DBTRG‐05MG neurospheres is similar to primary stem‐like cells derived from recurrent GBM patients. We report the effect of our novel specific Smoothened receptor antagonist (SEN450) on neurosphere growing cells and compared its effect to that of well known benchmark compounds. Finally, we showed that SEN450 is both anti‐proliferative on its own and further reduces tumor volume after temozolomide pretreatment in a mouse xenograft ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5400107 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5400107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5384693&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27348 AbstractEffects of therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations of bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on the corrected QT interval (QTc) in 60 healthy adults were assessed, according to ICH‐E14 guidelines, in this 2‐part, randomized, single‐dose, double‐blind, crossover, placebo‐ and open‐label moxifloxacin‐controlled study. Subjects received placebo, moxifloxacin, and bosutinib 500 mg with food (therapeutic) in part 1. In part 2, subjects received placebo and bosutinib 500 mg plus ketoconazole (supratherapeutic). ANOVA compared baseline‐adjusted QTc for: bosutinib with placebo; and bosutinib plus ketoconazole with placebo plus ketoconazole. Primary endpoint was QTcN. Secondary endpoints were QTcB, QTcF, and QTcI. Upper bounds for 90% confidence interva... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5384693 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 01:27:13 +0100 5384693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5628137&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27332 AbstractThe passive administration of specific antibodies that selectively target tumors is a well‐known strategy in cancer treatment. Active immunotherapy using peptide vaccines, in contrast, is expected to induce specific, cytolytic T cells in the patient, which react against tumor antigens and destroy malignant cells. Although several concepts exist, the identification and low immunogenicity of tumor‐specific peptides remain a serious problem. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), notably glycoprotein (Gp) 96, are of special interest, because they are able to take molecular peptide‐fingerprints of the protein array characteristic for a particular cell. Association of Gp96 with peptides has been shown to be essential for crosspresentation and activation of T cells. Consequently, Gp96–pepti... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5628137 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5628137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5581060&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27338 AbstractThe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes and folate in one‐carbon metabolism are essential for DNA methylation and synthesis. However, their role in carcinogen DNA damage in target lung tissue, a dosimeter for cancer risk, is not known. Our study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and nutritional one‐carbon metabolism factors and DNA adducts in target lung. Data on 135 lung cancer cases from the Massachusetts General Hospital were studied. Genotyping was completed for MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131). Information on dietary intake for one‐carbon related micronutrients, folate and other B vitamin was derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. DNA adducts in lung were measured by 32P‐postlabeling. After adjusting for po... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5581060 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5581060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524181&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27342 AbstractSclerostin is a Wingless and Int‐1 inhibitor, which is produced by osteocytes and inhibits osteoblast‐driven bone formation. Sclerostin is implicated in the pathogenesis of bone loss in metabolic bone disorders but there is no information for its effect on multiple myeloma (MM)‐related osteolytic disease. We evaluated circulating sclerostin in 157 newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic myeloma, in 25 with relapsed myeloma who received bortezomib monotherapy, in 21 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and in 21 healthy controls. Patients with active myeloma had elevated circulating sclerostin compared to MGUS patients and controls (p < 0.01). MM patients who presented with fractures at diagnosis (n = 34) had very high levels of circula... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524181 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5524181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524180&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27337 In conclusion, Type 2 diabetes is independently associated with the increased risk of HCC in female CHB patients. Female CHB patients with Type 2 diabetes are of a high HCC risk population and should be considered for HCC close surveillance program. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524180 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5524180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5524179&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27333 AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Metastatic cSCC accounts for the majority of deaths associated with NMSC, but the genetic basis for cSCC progression remains poorly understood. A previous study identified small deletions (typically <1 Mb) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Type D (PTPRD) gene that segregated with more aggressive cSCC. To investigate the apparent association between deletion within PTPRD and cSCC metastasis, a series of 74 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumors from 31 patients was analyzed using a custom Illumina 384 SNP microarray. Deletions were found in 37% of patients with metastatic cSCC and were strongly associated with metastat... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5524179 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5524179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5504394&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27339 AbstractLung cancer is mainly caused by smoking, but the quantitative relations between smoking and histologic subtypes of lung cancer remain inconclusive. By using one of the largest lung cancer datasets ever assembled, we explored the impact of smoking on risks of the major cell types of lung cancer. This pooled analysis included 13,169 cases and 16,010 controls from Europe and Canada. Studies with population controls comprised 66.5% of the subjects. Adenocarcinoma (AdCa) was the most prevalent subtype in never smokers and in women. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) predominated in male smokers. Age‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with logistic regression. ORs were elevated for all metrics of exposure to cigarette smoke and were higher for SqCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5504394 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5504394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5476205&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27341 This study is the first to demonstrate a prognostic role for VSNL‐1 at the mRNA level, suggesting the possible usefulness of VSNL‐1 as a predictor of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC. (Source: International Journal of Cancer) International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5476205 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5476205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5476204&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27334 AbstractTo examine the role of gender, age at immigration and length of stay on incidence trends of common cancers, we studied risk of colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers in immigrants to Sweden from 1958 to 2008. The nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios for common cancers among immigrants compared to Swedes. Immigrants were classified into “high‐risk” countries when their risk was increased, into “low‐risk” when their risk was decreased and into “other” when their risk was nonsignificant. Among those who immigrated at younger age (<30 years), we found an increasing trend for colorectal cancer risk in low‐risk men and high‐risk women. Among those who immigrated at older age (≥30 years), a decreasi... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5476204 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5476204 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5384707&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27332 AbstractThe passive administration of specific antibodies which selectively target tumors is a well‐known strategy in cancer treatment. Active immunotherapy using peptide vaccines, in contrast, is expected to induce specific, cytolytic T cells in the patient which react against tumor antigens and destroy malignant cells. Although several concepts exist, the identification and low immunogenicity of tumor‐specific peptides remain a serious problem. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), notably glycoprotein (Gp) 96, are of special interest, because they are able to take molecular peptide‐fingerprints of the protein array characteristic for a particular cell. Association of Gp96 with peptides has been shown to be essential for crosspresentation and activation of T cells. Consequently, Gp96‐pepti... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5384707 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5384707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5384706&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27333 AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Metastatic cSCC accounts for the majority of deaths associated with NMSC, but the genetic basis for cSCC progression remains poorly understood. A previous study identified small deletions (typically < 1 Mb) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) gene that segregated with more aggressive cSCC. To investigate the apparent association between deletion within PTPRD and cSCC metastasis, a series of 74 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumors from 31 patients was analyzed using a custom Illumina 384 SNP microarray. Deletions were found in 37% of patients with metastatic cSCC and were strongly associated with metastati... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5384706 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5384706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5384705&cid=s_33637_6_f&fid=33637&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijc.27334 AbstractIn order to examine the role of gender, age at immigration and length of stay on incidence trends of common cancers, we studied risk of colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers in immigrants to Sweden from 1958 to 2008.The nationwide Swedish Family‐Cancer Database was used to calculate standardized incidence ratios for common cancers among immigrants compared to Swedes. Immigrants were classified into “high‐risk” countries when their risk was increased, into “low‐risk” when their risk was decreased and into “other” when their risk was non‐significant.Among those who immigrated at younger age (<30 years), we found an increasing trend for colorectal cancer risk in low‐risk men and high‐risk women. Among those who immigrated at older age (=30 years), a ... International Journal of Cancer journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5384705 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5384705