MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Chemical Engineering' source. Fri, 29 Apr 2011 00:14:54 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4527407&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F587032.html This study was undertaken to identify the relevant bending points in ORP, pH, and DO profiles in ammonia removal through online monitoring. A novelty BAF system as newl application for drinking water treatment that equipped with ORP, pH, DO NH4 + and NO3 − sensors was used. Two types of polluted drinking water strength (low and high strength) with various NH4 + concentrations and aeration flow were treated at a fixed-time reaction of 24 h. Experiments were conducted at four track studies (TS) of TS1 (NH4 += 50 mg/L, aeration = 0.3 L/min), TS2 (NH4 + = 100 mg/L, aeration = 2.0 L/min), TS3 (NH4 += 100 mg/L, no aeration) and TS4 (NH4 += 10 mg/L, aeration = 0.1 L/min). The results showed that the removal of NH4... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4527407 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 06:28:15 +0100 4527407 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4506459&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F104370.html This study reviews the concept of EML and analyses the used models to see which parameters are most uncertain. Also a third model, EFFECTS, was employed in an attempt to reach a conclusion with higher reliability. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4506459 Tue, 22 Feb 2011 23:49:41 +0100 4506459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4292843&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F941349.html This study discovered that explosive property between the 35 nm Al and 100 nm Al powders after agglomeration were different. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4292843 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 02:06:37 +0100 4292843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280546&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2011%2F267218.html In this study, we successfully prepared monodisperse, nonagglomerated chitosan microparticles in a single step by a novel spray-drying technique. The control of particle size and morphology of spray-dried microparticles was investigated experimentally. Microparticles with larger particle size can be produced when chitosan precursor of higher concentration was used. Storage time of chitosan precursor, drying temperature, and addition of lactose were shown to be crucial parameters that affect the particle morphology. Appropriate choice of the drying temperature and precursor storage time permitted control of the particle morphology, ranging from nearly spherical to cap-shaped. Surface characteristics of the particles can be finely tuned by the amount of lactose added into the chitosan precur... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280546 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 01:41:36 +0100 4280546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271755&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F608680.html Encapsulation of menthol in beeswax was prepared by a modified particles from gas-saturated solutions (PGSS) process with controlling the gas-saturated solution flow rate. Menthol/beeswax particles with size in the range of 2–50 μm were produced. The effects of the process conditions, namely, the pre-expansion pressure, pre-expansion temperature, gas-saturated solution flow rate, and menthol composition, on the particle size, particle size distribution, and menthol encapsulation rate were investigated. Results indicated that in the range of studied conditions, increase of the pressure, decrease of the gas-saturated solution flow rate, and decrease of the menthol mass fraction can decrease the particle size and narrow particle size distribution of the produced menthol/be... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271755 Mon, 20 Dec 2010 09:11:35 +0100 4271755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4059450&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F659434.html The paper is focused on the recovery of zinc and manganese from alkaline and zinc-carbon spent batteries. Metals are extracted by sulphuric acid leaching in the presence of citric acid as reducing agent. Leaching tests are carried out according to a 24 full factorial design, and empirical equations for Mn and Zn extraction yields are determined from experimental data as a function of pulp density, sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, and citric acid concentration. The highest values experimentally observed for extraction yields were 97% of manganese and 100% of zinc, under the following operating conditions: temperature 40∘C, pulp density 20%, sulphuric acid concentration 1.8 M, and citric acid 40 g L-1. A second series of leaching tests is also perfo... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4059450 Tue, 12 Oct 2010 23:55:55 +0100 4059450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3992341&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F879836.html Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, processes of different scales have contributed greatly to the pollution and waste load on the environment. More specifically, airborne pollutants associated with chemical processes have contributed greatly on the ecosystem and populations health. In this communication, we review recent activities and trends of primary and secondary air pollutants in the state of Kuwait, a country associated with petroleum, petrochemical, and other industrial pollution. Trends of pollutants and impact on human health have been studied and categorized based on recent literature. More attention was paid to areas known to researchers as either precursor sensitive (i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) or adjacent to upstream- or downst... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3992341 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 10:20:40 +0100 3992341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3983131&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F417875.html Most industrial fluids such as polymers, liquid crystals, and colloids contain suspensions of rigid particles that undergo rotation. However, the classical Navier-Stokes theory normally associated with Newtonian fluids is inadequate to describe such fluids as it does not take into account the effects of these microstructures. In this paper, the unsteady mixed convection boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid past an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder is numerically studied, where the unsteadiness is due to an impulsive motion of the free stream. Both the assisting (heated cylinder) and opposing cases (cooled cylinder) are considered. Thus, both small and large time solutions as well as the occurrence of flow separation, followed by the flow reversal are studied. The flow along the ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3983131 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 09:55:06 +0100 3983131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3983130&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F106461.html Different heat transfer enhancers are reviewed. They are (a) fins and microfins, (b) porous media, (c) large particles suspensions, (d) nanofluids, (e) phase-change devices, (f) flexible seals, (g) flexible complex seals, (h) vortex generators, (i) protrusions, and (j) ultra high thermal conductivity composite materials. Most of heat transfer augmentation methods presented in the literature that assists fins and microfins in enhancing heat transfer are reviewed. Among these are using joint-fins, fin roots, fin networks, biconvections, permeable fins, porous fins, capsulated liquid metal fins, and helical microfins. It is found that not much agreement exists between works of the different authors regarding single phase heat transfer augmented with microfins. However, too many works having s... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3983130 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 09:55:06 +0100 3983130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3972268&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F940206.html The paper presents the results of a prolonged research in a lead-polluted area. Extensive systematic studies of lead concentrations in topsoil, forage, blood, liver, and kidney in cows on farms within 1–10 km around the lead mine and smelter were carried out. After installation of a filter in 1978, lead concentrations began to decrease. However, when toxic levels of lead were within normal reference values, the authorities stopped to finance the project. In 2002, the research was concluded. A review of studies showed that the protective filter was effective; during the period 1975–2002 mean lead in forage dropped from 584.0 ± 324.0 to 5.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg, and the mean blood lead levels dropped from 1.251 &#x0... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3972268 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 08:28:37 +0100 3972268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3898690&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F738482.html This paper presents an analytical model of substrate mass transfer through the lumen of a membrane bioreactor. The model is a solution of the convective-diffusion equation in two dimensions using a regular perturbation technique. The analysis accounts for radial-convective flow as well as axial diffusion of the substrate specie. The model is applicable to the different modes of operation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems (e.g., dead-end, open-shell, or closed-shell mode), as well as the vertical or horizontal orientation. The first-order limit of the Michaelis-Menten equation for substrate consumption was used to test the developed model against available analytical results. The results obtained from the application of this model, along with a biofilm growth kinetic model, will be usefu... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3898690 Wed, 25 Aug 2010 08:43:25 +0100 3898690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3841450&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F309103.html A Cr-doped TiO2 film was prepared by sol-gel and dip-coating method and used as the photocatalyst for CO2 reforming under the visible light. The ratio of amount of Cr added to amount of Ti in TiO2 sol solution (R) varied from 0 to 100 wt%. The total layer number of Cr-doped TiO2 film (N) coated was up to 7. The CO2 reforming performance with the Cr-doped TiO2 film was evaluated by illuminating under a Xe lamp with or without ultraviolet (UV) light. The concentration of CO which was a product from CO2 reforming was maximized for R=70 wt% when N equals to 1. The visible light responsibility was also maximized for R=70 wt%. The amount of Cr within TiO2 film coated on copper disc was increased with the increase in R up to 70 wt% and started to decrea... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3841450 Mon, 09 Aug 2010 12:42:32 +0100 3841450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3808485&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F573149.html The objective behind this study is to select a suitable inorganic packing material for methane biofiltration. Three packing materials are to be compared: two rock materials (average particles' sizes: 2 and 5 mm) and one porous clay particles (average particle size of 7 mm). The main parameter used to assess the efficiency of the packing material is the methane elimination capacity. The study reveals that the rock material having an average particle size around 2 mm is to be preferred. This result is probably due to its high specific surface area and to its good surface properties as compared to the other 2 tested porous materials. The influence of the nonirrigation with the nutrient solution of the biofilter is also investigated. It has been found that nonirriga... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3808485 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 07:26:22 +0100 3808485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3790075&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F747953.html Landfill sites are potential sources of human and environmental hazards. Leachate produced form these waste dumping sites is heterogeneous and exhibits huge temporal and seasonal variations. Leachate pollution index (LPI) provides an overall pollution potential of a landfill site. The parameters required to calculate LPI from a landfill site are discussed in terms of their variations over time, and their significance has been highlighted in the context of LPI. The LPI values of two semiaerobic and two anaerobic landfill sites in Malaysia have been calculated in this study. Pulau Burung Landfill Site (PBLS) was found to have the highest LPI score while Ampang Jajar Landfill Site (AJLS) showed the lowest LPI as compared to other landfills. It is concluded that LPI value can be used as a tool... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3790075 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 07:34:18 +0100 3790075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3790074&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F162504.html This study focused on decolorization of 2 reactive dyes; Reactive Blue 19 (RBBR) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5), by selected white-rot fungus Datronia sp. KAPI0039. The effects of reactive dye concentration, fungal inoculum size as well as pH were studied. Samples were periodically collected for the measurement of color unit, Laccase (Lac), Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), and Lignin Peroxidase (LiP) activity. Eighty-six percent of 1,000 mg L−1 RBBR decolorization was achieved by 2% (w/v) Datronia sp. KAPI0039 at pH 5. The highest Lac activity (759.81 UL−1) was detected in the optimal condition. For RB5, Datronia sp. KAPI0039 efficiently performed (88.01% decolorization) at 2% (w/v) fungal inoculum size for the reduction of 600 mg L&#x221... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3790074 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 07:34:18 +0100 3790074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3736554&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F392175.html In the study the most important and known polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) emission sources are presented and known methods of reduction of dioxin emission to the atmosphere are discussed in detail. It is indicated that the most relevant emission source is a combustion process. The mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes is presented in brief. The author characterized primary methods of reduction of PCDDs/PCDFs emission encompassing the interference into the combustion process to minimize their formation and discussed known secondary methods aimed at their removal from the stream of waste gases. It was attempted to make a critical assessment of PCDD/Fs reduction methods described in literature. (Source: International Journal of... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3736554 Fri, 09 Jul 2010 07:20:08 +0100 3736554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3736553&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F257873.html (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3736553 Fri, 09 Jul 2010 07:20:08 +0100 3736553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3732642&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F101390.html The potential toxicity in riverbed sediments was assessed with a bioassay using the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. The selected area was characterized by the presence of ultramafic rocks (peridotites), and the sediments had high values in Ni, Cr, and Co. For the toxicity bioassay with Vibrio fischeri, water-soluble forms were used. The results indicated that most of the samples had a very low degree of toxicity, with 10% of reduction in luminescence in relation to the control; meanwhile 25% of the samples had a moderate degree of toxicity with a reduction in luminescence between 13 and 21% in relation to the control. The toxicity index correlated significantly with the concentrations of Ni and Cr in the water extracts. This toxicity bioassay was proved to be a sensiti... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3732642 Thu, 08 Jul 2010 07:27:56 +0100 3732642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3726299&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F398504.html Water pollution from agricultural fields is a global problem and cause of eutrophication of surface waters. A laboratory study was designed to evaluate the effects of near-surface hydraulic gradients on NO3–N and NH4–N losses in surface runoff from soil boxes at 27% slope undersimulated rainfall of a loess soil hillslope. Experimental treatments included two near-surface hydraulic gradients (free drainage, FD; saturation, SA), three fertilizer application rates (control, no fertilizer input; low, 120 kg N ha-1; high, 240 kg N ha-1), and simulated rainfall of 100 mm h-1 was applied for 70 min. The results showed that saturated near-surface soil moisture had dramatic effects on NO3–N and NH4–N losses and water quality. Under th... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3726299 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 07:22:31 +0100 3726299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3709892&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F391632.html Chlorophyll is an essential compound in many everyday products. It is used not only as an additive in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products but also as a natural food colouring agent. Additionally, it has antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. This review discusses the process engineering of chlorophyll extraction from microalgae. Different chlorophyll extraction methods and chlorophyll purification techniques are evaluated. Our preliminary analysis suggests supercritical fluid extraction to be superior to organic solvent extraction. When compared to spectroscopic technique, high performance liquid chromatography was shown to be more accurate and sensitive for chlorophyll analysis. Finally, through CO2 capture and wastewater treatment, microalgae cultivation process was shown to have str... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3709892 Wed, 30 Jun 2010 07:20:59 +0100 3709892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3702753&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F250235.html A pilot study was performed at the Fox River Fiber recovered paper processing company in DePere, Wisconsin, to determine the extent to which injection of oxygen and ozone could reduce the high chemical oxygen demand, COD, in the effluent and the effectiveness of the ozone/oxygen stream in suppressing production of hydrogen sulfide gas in downstream sewage lines. Adaptive Ozone Solutions, LLC, supplied the oxygen/ozone generation and injection system. Samples were analyzed both before and after oxygen/ozone injection. Hydrogen sulfide gas was continuously monitored at sewer stations downstream of Fox River Fiber. Results showed that with a very ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3702753 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 07:17:48 +0100 3702753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3690279&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F412734.html Evapotranspiration (ET) in constructed wetlands (CWs) represents a major factor affecting hydrodynamics and treatment performances. The presence of high ET was shown to improve global treatment performances, however ET is affected by a wide range of parameters including plant development and CWs age. Our study aimed at modelling the effect of plants and peat on ET in CWs; since we hypothesized peat could behave like the presence of accumulated organic matter in old CWs. Treatment performances, hydraulic behaviour, and ET rates were measured in eight 1 m2 CWs mesocosm (1 unplanted, 1 unplanted with peat, 2 planted with Phragmites australis, 2 planted with Typha latifolia and 2 planted with Phragmites australis with peat). Two models were built using first order kinetics to simulate ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3690279 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 07:20:11 +0100 3690279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3686503&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F627930.html An in-vessel tunnel composting facility in Scotland was used to investigate the potential for collection and reuse of compost heat as a source of renewable energy. The amount of energy offered by the compost was calculated and seasonal variations analysed. A heat exchanger was designed in order to collect and transfer the heat. This allowed heated water of 47.3οC to be obtained. The temperature could be further increased to above 60οC by passing it through multiple tunnels in series. Estimated costs for installing and running the system were calculated. In order to analyse these costs alternative solar thermal and ground source heat pump systems were also designed. The levels of supply and economic performance were then compared. A capital cost of £11,662 and operating... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3686503 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:13:28 +0100 3686503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3686502&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F914159.html Surface water environment in China was degraded rapidly in the last two decades, resulting in increasingly tighten criteria issued for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper reviewed the recent advances of process design and operational optimization for nutrients removal. Three major processes, as anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process, oxidation ditch (OD), and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) occupied 65% of WWTPs amounts and 54% of treatment volumes of China in 2006. However conservative process designs and operational faults often impaired the process performances and energy efficiency. Therefore, typical processes were modified, combined, and innovated to meet the requirements of the diverse influent characteristics and lower energy consumptions. Furthermore, ope... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3686502 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 07:13:28 +0100 3686502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3670728&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F590169.html In this study, the extent of dehalogenation of toxic aromatic compounds was evaluated using a photolytic advanced oxidation process (AOP) followed by biodegradation in the second stage. A hard-to-degrade toxic pollutant, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), was used to represent a variety of recalcitrant aromatic pollutants in effluent from the nuclear industry. A UV-assisted AOP/bioreactor system demonstrated a great potential in treatment of nuclear process wastewater and this was indicated by high removal efficiency (>98%) under various 4-CP concentrations. Adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a liquid catalyst further improved biodegradation rate but the effect was limited by the scavenging of OH• radicals under high concentrations of H2O2. (Source: International Journal of Chemical ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3670728 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 07:25:51 +0100 3670728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3665374&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F270532.html In most countries, sanitary landfill is nowadays the most common way to eliminate municipal solid wastes (MSWs). However, sanitary landfill generates large quantity of heavily polluted leachate, which can induce ecological risk and potential hazards towards public health and ecosystems. The application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including ozone-based oxidation, Fenton oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and other AOPs to treatment of landfill leachate was reviewed. The treatment efficiency in term of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of various AOPs was presented. Advantages and drawbacks of various AOPs were discussed. Among the AOPs reviewed... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3665374 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 14:53:36 +0100 3665374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3662039&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F490240.html The objective of our study was to highlight the most important factor generating variability between microorganisms communities compared to treatment performances. Results of community level physiological profiling using Biolog Ecoplates were analyzed using principal component analysis. The greatest microbial activity was observed in the oldest wetland during summer. Profiles of fed and rest bed were differentiated by the nature of the main carbon source metabolized. Whereas carbohydrates and carboxylic acids appeared to be better assimilated with fed beds, it seemed that phosphate compounds as well as amines allowed better growth in the plates inoculated with samples of rest beds. In all fed beds, the most important parameters affecting the diversity were the season and the age of the wet... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3662039 Tue, 15 Jun 2010 14:59:28 +0100 3662039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3644144&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F102179.html This life cycle assessment aims to determine the most suitable operating conditions for algae biodiesel production in cold climates to minimize energy consumption and environmental impacts. Two hypothetical photobioreactor algae production and biodiesel plants located in Upstate New York (USA) are modeled. The photobioreactor is assumed to be housed within a greenhouse that is located adjacent to a fossil fuel or biomass power plant that can supply waste heat and flue gas containing CO2 as a primary source of carbon. Model results show that the biodiesel areal productivity is high (19 to 25 L of BD/m2/yr). The total life cycle energy consumption was between 15 and 23 MJ/L of algae BD and 20 MJ/L of soy BD. Energy consumption and air emissions for algae biodiesel are su... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3644144 Wed, 09 Jun 2010 14:57:56 +0100 3644144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3594962&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F518070.html Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize biodiesel production process from corn oil. The process variables, temperature and catalyst concentration were found to have significant influence on biodiesel yield. The optimum combination derived via RSM for high corn oil methyl ester yield (99.48%) was found to be 1.18% wt catalyst concentration at a reaction temperature of 55.6∘C. To determine how long biodiesel can safely be stored, it is desirable to have a measurement for the stability of the biodiesel against such oxidation. Storage time and oxygen availability have been considered as possible factors influencing oxidative instability. Biodiesel from corn oil was stored for a period of 30 months, and the physico-ch... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3594962 Tue, 25 May 2010 15:05:10 +0100 3594962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3580988&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F740962.html Climate change and the wish to reduce the dependence on oil are the incentives for the development of alternative energy sources. The use of lignocellulosic biomass together with cellulosic processing technology provides opportunities to produce fuel ethanol with less competition with food and nature. Many studies on energy analysis and life cycle assessment of second-generation bioethanol have been conducted. However, due to the different methodology used and different system boundary definition, it is difficult to compare their results. To permit a direct comparison of fuel ethanol from different lignocelluloses in terms of energy use and environmental impact, seven studies conducted in our group were summarized in this paper, where the same technologies were used to convert biomass to e... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3580988 Thu, 20 May 2010 14:54:39 +0100 3580988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3526214&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F681501.html Impinging streams (IS) are classified into gas-continuous and liquid-continuous ones (GIS and LIS). Large number of experimental data has shown GIS promotes transfer very efficiently; while it has the intrinsic faultiness of very short residence time, and its flow configuration is relatively complex, resulting in difficulty in arranging multistage process. Essentially, GIS is applicable only for rapid processes controlled by gas film diffusion. The effect of LIS enhancing transfer is negligible; while it has the features of efficient micromixing and strong pressure fluctuation both which are resulted from the intensive interaction between the opposing streams and can promote process kinetics. All the features of IS, including GIS and LIS, have great potential of application. Reviewing the ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3526214 Mon, 03 May 2010 15:11:31 +0100 3526214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3482452&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F682914.html The influence of the addition of very effective superplasticizers, that are commercially available, employed for maximising the solid loading of very high-strength Portland cement pastes, has been investigated. Cement pastes were prepared from deionized water and a commercially manufactured Portland cement (Ultracem 52.5 R). Cement and water were mixed with a vane stirrer according to ASTM Standard C305. The 0.38 to 0.44 water/cement ratio range was investigated. Three commercial superplasticizing agents produced by Ruredil S.p.a. were used. They are based on a melamine resin (Fluiment 33 M), on a modified lignosulphonate (Concretan 200 L), and on a modified polyacrylate (Ergomix 1000). Rheological tests were performed at 25°C by using the rate controlled co... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3482452 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 15:18:20 +0100 3482452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3466994&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F175914.html Spherical LiFePO4/C powders were successfully produced at a rate of 100 g/h using a large type spray pyrolysis apparatus. Organic compounds such as citric acid and sucrose were used as carbon sources. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that they had a spherical morphology with nonaggregation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the olivine phase was obtained by heating at 600∘C under argon (95%)/hydrogen (5%) atmosphere. The chemical composition of LiFePO4/C powders was in good agreement with that of the starting solution. Electrochemical measurement revealed that the use of citric acid was most effective in ensuring a high rechargeable capacity and cycle stability. The rechargeable capacity of the LiFePO4/C cathode obtained using citric acid was 155... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3466994 Wed, 14 Apr 2010 15:18:29 +0100 3466994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3428280&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F967853.html This paper deals with the assessment of the performance of reverse osmosis membranes type (TFC-Koch) model (8822XR-365) which are used in water desalination unit in Hartha power plant, one of the electrical power plant in the south Iraq. This unit has a capacity of 100 m3/h withdraws water from Shat Al-Arab River as a raw water having total dissolved solid (TDS) >3000 ppm, and consists of two stages with total recovery and salt rejection of about 60% and 95%, respectively. The first array contains twelve vessels and the second six vessels. Each vessel contains six elements, 8 inches in diameter and 40 inches in length. The performance of the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is based on surveying the chemical analysis of different ions present in water for both pe... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3428280 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 15:10:08 +0100 3428280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3419852&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F935315.html Multiscale wavelet-based representation of data has been shown to be a powerful tool in feature extraction from practical process data. In this paper, this characteristic of multiscale representation is utilized to improve the prediction accuracy of some of the latent variable regression models, such as Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial Least Squares (PLS), by developing a multiscale latent variable regression (MSLVR) modeling algorithm. The idea is to decompose the input-output data at multiple scales using wavelet and scaling functions, construct multiple latent variable regression models at multiple scales using the scaled signal approximations of the data and then using cross-validation, and select among all MSLVR models the model which best describes the process. The ma... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3419852 Tue, 30 Mar 2010 15:16:22 +0100 3419852 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3386759&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2010%2F242963.html A systematic study was made on the synthesis of nanocalcite using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. The effects of various parameters such as diameter and geometry of orifice, CO2 flow rate, and Ca(OH)2 concentration were investigated. It was observed that the orifice diameter and its geometry had significant effect on the carbonation process. The reaction rate was significantly faster than that observed in a conventional carbonation process. The particle size was significantly affected by the reactor geometry. The results showed that an orifice with 5 holes of 1 mm size resulted in the particle size reduction to 37 nm. The experimental investigation reveals that hydrodynamic cavitation may be more energy efficient. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3386759 Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:54:10 +0100 3386759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3227107&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F137483.html This note is devoted to multiperiodically operated complex system with inventory couplings transferring waste products from some subsystems as useful components to other subsystems. The flexibility of the inventory couplings is used to force each of the subsystems with its own period and to exploit its particular dynamic properties. This enhances the performance of the complex system endowed with many recycling loops, which reduce the amount of waste products endangering the natural environment. The subsystems are characterized by generalized populations composed of the individuals (the cycles), each of them encompasses its period, its initial state, its local control, and its inventory interaction. An evolutionary optimization algorithm employing such generalized populations coordinated o... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3227107 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:15:48 +0100 3227107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3227106&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F747592.html In this study, a high pressure falling sinker-type viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of n-dodecane at elevated pressures up to 132 MPa without supplementary knowledge of liquid density. The viscometer, which involves the downward movement of a cylindrical sinker under the influence of gravity through the liquid contained within a closed tube, avoided the need for density data by repeating the sinker-timing experiments with two geometrically similar but different-sized sinkers thereby allowing the liquid density in the associated formulae to be eliminated. Furthermore, it was possible to subsequently derive liquid density. Both viscosity and density data were compared to published data for which good correlation was found for viscosity. To minimize errors, it is suggeste... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3227106 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:15:48 +0100 3227106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3159358&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F294627.html (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3159358 Mon, 11 Jan 2010 16:18:26 +0100 3159358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2958272&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F710515.html Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of greenhouse CO2. Extensive research has been performed on CLC in the last decade with respect to oxygen carrier development, reaction kinetics, reactor design, system efficiencies, and prototype testing. Transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides, were reported as reactive species in the oxygen carrier particles. Ni-based oxygen carriers exhibited the best reactivity and stability during multiredox cycles. The performance of the oxygen carriers can be improved by changing preparation method or by making mixedoxides. The CLC has been demonstrated successfully in continuously operated prototype reactors based on interconnected fluidized-bed system in the size range of 0.3–50&#x... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2958272 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:18:14 +0100 2958272 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2911673&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F843274.html The anomalous or self-preservation of methane hydrate at atmospheric pressure and temperatures below the ice point was investigated to determine whether this phenomenon might have applications in the storage and transportation of natural gas. Particular attention was paid to the effects of dilute electrolytes, as the presence of impurities in water is unavoidable in commercial transportation processes. The presence of electrolytes had a marked effect on the decomposition kinetics of methane hydrate at temperatures between 243 and 269 K. It was also found that chloride and sulfate ions may exhibit greater effects than do sodium and magnesium ions. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2911673 Wed, 21 Oct 2009 15:03:44 +0100 2911673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2733404&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F781247.html An original technique, based on supercritical CO2 and on the particles from gas saturated solution (PGSS) micronization method, was developed to obtain magnetically active lipid microparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) were encapsulated into triestearin and phosphatidylcholine mixtures to increase their biocompatibility for future applications in the fields of biomedical diagnostics and therapeutic medications. The lipid particles produced were characterized to determine size and size distribution, and to confirm the encapsulation of MNP. The mean size was in the range of 200–800 nm. The possibility to drive these magnetically active particles by an external magnet was demonstrated in a simple apparatus simulating a vessel of the circulatory system. The results obtained ... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2733404 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 13:19:03 +0100 2733404 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2625026&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F569825.html Right from the early days of the process industries, continuous efforts have been made to develop and improve measures for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in these industries. Nevertheless this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of a wide range of combustible materials. To improve methods for predicting explosion development in real industrial plant has been one major challenge. Hence, during the last years comprehensive numerical simulation codes, for addressing this problem, have been developed. Progress has also been made in other areas, for example, ignition source prevention. The importance of adopting inherently safer process design, by building on firm knowledge in powder science and technology, and of systemati... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2625026 Wed, 22 Jul 2009 12:03:57 +0100 2625026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2502300&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F619873.html An important aspect of environmental engineering is the control of greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuel-fired power stations, for instance, represent a substantial contribution to this problem. Unless suitable steps are taken the accumulation of microbial deposits (biofouling) on the cooling water side of the steam condensers can reduce their efficiency and in consequence, the overall efficiency of power production, with an attendant increase in fuel consumption and hence CO2 production. Biofouling control, therefore, is extremely important and can be exercised by chemical or physical techniques or a combination of both. The paper gives some examples of the effectiveness of different approaches to biofouling control. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2502300 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:45:02 +0100 2502300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2502299&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F294627.html (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2502299 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:45:02 +0100 2502299 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467526&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2008%2F178292.html Scaling analyses based on subsurface layer instability were performed to explore the role of three independent (surface tension, gravity, and viscosity) influences on the mechanism of pulsating flame spread under normal and microgravity conditions. These three influences form two independent pi-numbers: the Marangoni (Ma) number and Grashof (Gr) number, which include the characteristic length scale ratio (depth of subsurface circulation)/(horizontal length of preheated liquid surface). The Prandtl (Pr) number was introduced to compensate for the different thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity of different liquids. Also a nondimensional flame spread rate, V/VD (= Vδ/D, where δ is the quenching distance and D is the diffusivity of fuel vapor) was introduced. Using these n... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467526 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467525&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2008%2F603957.html Plant polyphenol, including vanillin, is often used as the intermediate materials of the medicines and vanilla flavoring. In agriculture generally vanillin is produced from vanilla plant and in industry from lignin of disposed wood pulp. We have recently developed a method for the production of plant polyphenol with the excrement as a natural resource of lignin, of the herbivorous animals, by using the subcritical water. The method for using the subcritical water is superior to that of the supercritical water because in the latter complete decomposition occurs. We have successfully produced the vanillin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid in products. Our method is simpler and more efficient not only because it requires the shorter treatment time but also because it rele... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467525 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467524&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2008%2F938645.html Thermodynamic functions, including enthalpy (Hθ) and entropy (Sθ) for 76 polychlorophenazines (PCPZs) in the gas state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G∗ level with Gaussian 03 program, and considered on solvation affects. Total free energy in water (Gw) was calculated with the same program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (ΔfHθ) and standard free energy of formation in water (ΔfGwθ). The dependences of these thermodynamic parameters on the numbers and positions of chlorine substitution (NPCS) were discussed. It is suggested that Sθ,  ΔfHθ, and ΔfGwθ of PCPZs var... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467524 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467523&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2008%2F319392.html Membrane-based separation of phenol/water mixtures with concentrations of phenol between 3 wt% and 8 wt% in the feed has been performed with nonmodified as well as cross-linked ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymers with different amounts of methacrylic acid. As cross-linking agents, aluminium acetyl acetonate, which leads to ionically cross-linked membranes, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine and glycerine digycidether, leading to covalently cross-linked membranes, have been used. Generally, it was found that with increasing phenol content in the feed, the total flux is increasing whereas the enrichment factor is decreasing. Using nonmodified membranes with higher methacrylic acid monomer content in the polymer, lower fluxes and higher enrichment fac... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467523 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467522&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F746439.html This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm for automatic identification of drops with different sizes in monochromatic digitized frames of a liquid-liquid chemical process. These image frames were obtained at our Laboratory, using a nonintrusive process, with a digital video camera, a microscope, and an illumination setup from a dispersion of toluene in water within a transparent mixing vessel. In this implementation, we propose a two-phase approach, using a Hough transform that automatically identifies drops in images of the chemical process. This work is a promising starting point for the possibility of performing an automatic drop classification with good results. Our algorithm for the analysis and interpretation of digitized images will be used for the calculation of partic... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467522 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467521&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F563420.html The N3 dye was modified by substituting two of its protons by potassium or sodium cations. The performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating the new dyes were evaluated under light soaking (1000 W⋅m-2) at 50∘C. Photocurrent measurements demonstrated that proton substitution by potassium cations rends the system more stable. Further characterization of the potassium-based devices was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the charge-transfer phenomena occurring at the different interfaces of the cells. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467521 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467520&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F273808.html Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most used pharmaceuticals. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. There is a growing need for developing bioactive implants. Advantages of implantable drug delivery tools can include high release efficiency, precise dose control, low toxicity, and allow to overcome disadvantages connected with conventional methods. In this respect, hydroxyapatite (HA) is an elective material. It enables to produce architectures similar to those of real bones. Here we studied a kinetic model to describe ampicillin release from HA. In the course of adsorption experiment, ampicillin was dissolved, maintained at 30∘C and shaken at 60 strokes/minute. Samples were withdrawn periodically for analysis and then returned to th... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467520 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467519&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F373784.html The first Chempor Conference held in Lisbon in 1975 under the auspices of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, heralded a regular wide-ranging review of research and development in Portugal and the UK Progressively in later years the Conferences have attracted contributions from other European countries and indeed further afield. There is an increasing awareness of the problems for the environment, notably global warming, brought about by human activities. Recent predictions about the future are dire, particularly regarding food and water for a rapidly growing world population. They represent a substantial challenge to the scientific and technical fraternity. In response to that challenge it is important to keep up to date with technical developments, to meet and keep in touch with coworker... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467519 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467518&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2009%2F147879.html This study aimed at understanding the influence of pyrolysis parameters—end temperature, quenching effect, and soaking time—on the membrane properties. Permeation experiments were performed with N2, He, and CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been done for all carbon hollow fibers. The highest permeances were obtained for the membrane submitted to an end temperature of 750°C and the highest ideal selectivities for an end temperature of 700°C. In both cases, the membranes were quenched to room temperature. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467518 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 02:04:11 +0100 2467518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2431532&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F373784 The first Chempor Conference held in Lisbon in 1975 under the auspices of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, heralded a regular wide-ranging review of research and development in Portugal and the UK Progressively in later years the Conferences have attracted contributions from other European countries and indeed further afield. There is an increasing awareness of the problems for the environment, notably global warming, brought about by human activities. Recent predictions about the future are dire, particularly regarding food and water for a rapidly growing world population. They represent a substantial challenge to the scientific and technical fraternity. In response to that challenge it is important to keep up to date with technical developments, to meet and keep in touch with coworker... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2431532 Sun, 24 May 2009 19:02:31 +0100 2431532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2431530&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F147879 This study aimed at understanding the influence of pyrolysis parameters—end temperature, quenching effect, and soaking time—on the membrane properties. Permeation experiments were performed with N2, He, and CO2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been done for all carbon hollow fibers. The highest permeances were obtained for the membrane submitted to an end temperature of 750°C and the highest ideal selectivities for an end temperature of 700°C. In both cases, the membranes were quenched to room temperature. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2431530 Sun, 24 May 2009 19:02:31 +0100 2431530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2339130&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F273808 Semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most used pharmaceuticals. Their use in veterinary and human medicine is in continuous expansion. There is a growing need for developing bioactive implants. Advantages of implantable drug delivery tools can include high release efficiency, precise dose control, low toxicity, and allow to overcome disadvantages connected with conventional methods. In this respect, hydroxyapatite (HA) is an elective material. It enables to produce architectures similar to those of real bones. Here we studied a kinetic model to describe ampicillin release from HA. In the course of adsorption experiment, ampicillin was dissolved, maintained at 30∘C and shaken at 60 strokes/minute. Samples were withdrawn periodically for analysis and then returned to th... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2339130 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 17:35:58 +0100 2339130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2322879&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F563420 The N3 dye was modified by substituting two of its protons by potassium or sodium cations. The performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells incorporating the new dyes were evaluated under light soaking (1000 W⋅m-2) at 50∘C. Photocurrent measurements demonstrated that proton substitution by potassium cations rends the system more stable. Further characterization of the potassium-based devices was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the charge-transfer phenomena occurring at the different interfaces of the cells. (Source: International Journal of Chemical Engineering) International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2322879 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 12:16:25 +0100 2322879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2235278&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F746439 This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm for automatic identification of drops with different sizes in monochromatic digitized frames of a liquid-liquid chemical process. These image frames were obtained at our Laboratory, using a nonintrusive process, with a digital video camera, a microscope, and an illumination setup from a dispersion of toluene in water within a transparent mixing vessel. In this implementation, we propose a two-phase approach, using a Hough transform that automatically identifies drops in images of the chemical process. This work is a promising starting point for the possibility of performing an automatic drop classification with good results. Our algorithm for the analysis and interpretation of digitized images will be used for the calculation of partic... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2235278 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 13:03:31 +0100 2235278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2157712&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F319392 Membrane-based separation of phenol/water mixtures with concentrations of phenol between 3 wt% and 8 wt% in the feed has been performed with nonmodified as well as cross-linked ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymers with different amounts of methacrylic acid. As cross-linking agents, aluminium acetyl acetonate, which leads to ionically cross-linked membranes, and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine and glycerine digycidether, leading to covalently cross-linked membranes, have been used. Generally, it was found that with increasing phenol content in the feed, the total flux is increasing whereas the enrichment factor is decreasing. Using nonmodified membranes with higher methacrylic acid monomer content in the polymer, lower fluxes and higher enrichment fac... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2157712 Wed, 04 Feb 2009 16:27:42 +0100 2157712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1970545&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F938645 Thermodynamic functions, including enthalpy (Hθ) and entropy (Sθ) for 76 polychlorophenazines (PCPZs) in the gas state at 298.15 K and 101.325 kPa, have been calculated using the B3LYP/6-31G∗ level with Gaussian 03 program, and considered on solvation affects. Total free energy in water (Gw) was calculated with the same program. Based on these data, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard formation heat (ΔfHθ) and standard free energy of formation in water (ΔfGwθ). The dependences of these thermodynamic parameters on the numbers and positions of chlorine substitution (NPCS) were discussed. It is suggested that Sθ,  ΔfHθ, and ΔfGwθ of PCPZs var... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1970545 Wed, 19 Nov 2008 16:25:53 +0100 1970545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1790780&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F603957 Plant polyphenol, including vanillin, is often used as the intermediate materials of the medicines and vanilla flavoring. In agriculture generally vanillin is produced from vanilla plant and in industry from lignin of disposed wood pulp. We have recently developed a method for the production of plant polyphenol with the excrement as a natural resource of lignin, of the herbivorous animals, by using the subcritical water. The method for using the subcritical water is superior to that of the supercritical water because in the latter complete decomposition occurs. We have successfully produced the vanillin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid in products. Our method is simpler and more efficient not only because it requires the shorter treatment time but also because it rele... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1790780 Sun, 14 Sep 2008 16:05:29 +0100 1790780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1618938&cid=s_37731_59_f&fid=37731&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F178292 Scaling analyses based on subsurface layer instability were performed to explore the role of three independent (surface tension, gravity, and viscosity) influences on the mechanism of pulsating flame spread under normal and microgravity conditions. These three influences form two independent pi-numbers: the Marangoni (Ma) number and Grashof (Gr) number, which include the characteristic length scale ratio (depth of subsurface circulation)/(horizontal length of preheated liquid surface). The Prandtl (Pr) number was introduced to compensate for the different thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity of different liquids. Also a nondimensional flame spread rate, V/VD (= Vδ/D, where δ is the quenching distance and D is the diffusivity of fuel vapor) was introduced. Using these n... International Journal of Chemical Engineering journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1618938 Mon, 14 Jul 2008 17:47:25 +0100 1618938