MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Experimental Pathology' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:42:13 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5639868&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00804.x In this study, we investigated the contribution and functional roles of BM‐derived cells in murine cerulein‐induced pancreatic fibrosis. C57/BL6 female mice wild‐type (WT) or Col 1α1r/r male BM transplant, received supraphysiological doses of cerulein to induce pancreatic fibrosis. The CD45+Col 1+ fibrocytes isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and pancreatic tissue were examined by in situ hybridization for Y chromosome detection. The number of BM‐derived myofibroblasts, the degree of Sirius red staining and the levels of Col 1α1 mRNA were quantified. The Y chromosome was detected in the nuclei of PB CD45+Col 1+ fibrocytes, confirming that circulating fibrocytes can be derived from BM. Co‐expression of α‐smooth muscle actin illustrated that fibrocytes can differentiate into ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5639868 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 06:25:52 +0100 5639868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611936&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00798_2.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611936 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:13 +0100 5611936 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611935&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00798_1.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611935 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:11 +0100 5611935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611934&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00802.x SummaryAngiogenesis is an indispensable mechanism in development and in many pathologies, including cancer, synovitis and aberrant wound healing. Many angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors have been investigated, and some have progressed to the clinic. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) is a group of multifunctional proteinases. ADAMTS‐1 and ADAMTS‐8 have been reported to be anti‐angiogenic. Here, we provide evidence that ADAMTS‐4, like ADAMTS‐1, is expressed by endothelial cells and binds to vascular endothelial groth factor (VEGF). Moreover, ADAMTS‐4 inhibited human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HuDMEC) VEGF‐stimulated VEGF receptor (R) R2 phosphorylation, differentiation and migration, suggesting that ADAMTS‐4 may be a novel... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611934 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:10 +0100 5611934 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611933&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00801.x SummaryAdrenal growth and increased adrenal function occur in experimental diabetes. Previously, we have shown that phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and PRPP synthetase increased rapidly between 3 and 7 days after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), with less marked changes in enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. The present study examines the earlier phase of 1–3 days following induction of diabetes, seeking to elucidate whether control of PRPP production is a result of diabetic hyperglycaemia, or to a more general re‐ordering of hormonal factors. To investigate this question, the role of insulin and two different long‐acting somatostatin analogues, Angiopeptin and Sandostatin, were used in a well‐established animal model. PRPP was chosen specifically as a... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611933 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:08 +0100 5611933 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611932&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00799.x In this study, we investigated the characteristics of fukutin mRNA using an astrocytoma cell line that expresses fukutin and glycosylated α‐DG. The glycosylation of α‐DG was considered to be increased by over‐expression of fukutin and decreased by knockdown of fukutin. Knockdown of Musashi‐1, one of the RNA‐binding proteins involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation, induced a decrease in fukutin mRNA. Immunoprecipitation and ELISA‐based RNA‐binding assay demonstrated possible binding between fukutin mRNA and Musashi‐1 protein. A relationship between fukutin mRNA and vimentin protein was also proposed. In situ hybridization for fukutin mRNA showed a positive cytoplasmic reaction including cytoplasmic processes. From these results, fukutin mRNA is suggested to ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611932 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:06 +0100 5611932 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611931&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00796.x SummaryIn the present study, two freshwater fishes Channa punctatus and Clarias batrachus were exposed to sub‐acute concentrations of a commercial‐grade λ‐cyhalothrin, REEVA‐5, for 96 h to observe the changes in amino acid catabolism under pyrethroid‐induced stress and to investigate the comparative mechanisms of ammonia detoxification in both fishes. The experiments included the estimation of levels of free amino acid, urea, ammonia and the specific activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and arginase in different vital organs of fishes. λ‐cyhalothrin caused significant decline in the levels of amino acids along with simultaneous significant increase in the activity of AAT, Al... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611931 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:04 +0100 5611931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611930&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00795.x SummaryThe central nervous system (CNS) is a major target of several important human and animal viral pathogens causing congenital infections. However, despite the importance of neuropathological outcomes, for humans in particular, the pathogenesis, including mode of neuro‐invasion, remains unresolved for most congenital virus infections. Using a natural model of congenital infection with an RNA virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus in pregnant cattle, we sought to delineate the timing and mode of virus neuro‐invasion of and spread within the brain of foetuses following experimental respiratory tract infection of the dams at day 75 of pregnancy, a time of maximal risk of tissue pathology without foetal death. Virus antigen was first detected in the foetal brains 14 days postinfection o... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611930 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:02 +0100 5611930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611929&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00794.x This study investigated the effects of the L‐17 compound of the group of substituted 5R1, 6H2‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine‐2‐amines on the inflammatory cellular infiltration and myocardial remodelling which occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. The study is based upon recent clinical and experimental work which demonstrated the role of local and systemic inflammatory reactions in postinfarction remodelling. Acute MI in rats was induced by left coronary artery coagulation. Animals were sacrificed on day one, five and seven after MI induction. The myocardiumal samples were taken from all parts of the heart and examined by histology. This included areas of infarction, infraction and areas that were peri‐infarctiom and left ventricular areas distant from the damaged tissues. ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611929 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:50:01 +0100 5611929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5611928&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00807.x SummaryThis review emphasizes the importance of glycobiology in nature and aims to highlight, simplify and summarize the multiple functions and structural complexities of the different oligosaccharide combinatorial domains that are found in chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. For example, there are 1008 different pentasaccharide sequences possible within CS, DS or CS/DS hybrid GAG chains. These combinatorial possibilities provide numerous potential ligand‐binding domains that are important for cell and extracellular matrix interactions as well as specific associations with cytokines, chemokines, morphogens and growth factors that regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation during tissue development, for example, morphogen gradient establ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5611928 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 04:49:57 +0100 5611928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5585647&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00803.x SummaryThe proliferative response of hepatocytes in vivo can be induced by two mechanisms: severe damage to hepatic tissue results in regenerative growth and so‐called primary hepatocyte mitogens can initiate liver cell proliferation without preceding loss of parenchyma. The regulation of the two responses is quite different. The decreased regenerative response of cirrhotic/fibrotic liver is well known, and is a severe obstacle to surgery of the diseased liver. In the present experiments we investigated the efficiency of a primary hepatocyte mitogen 1,4‐Bis[2‐(3,5‐dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOB) on two different liver cirrhosis/fibrosis models in mice induced by chronic administration of CCl4 and thioacetamide respectively. BrdU incorporation and cyclin A expression establish... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5585647 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5585647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5573429&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00797.x SummaryUsing an established model of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis after angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, our aim was to characterize the early cellular element involved in the development of myocardial fibrosis in detail. Male Lewis rats were infused with saline or AngII (0.7 mg/kg per day) for up to seven days. Collagen deposition and cellular infiltration were identified by histology stains. Infiltrating cells were grown in vitro and examined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Chemokine expression was measured using qRT‐PCR. AngII infusion resulted in multifocal myocardial cellular infiltration (peak at three days) that preceded collagen deposition. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 transcripts peaked after one day of AngII exposure. Using a triple‐labelling tech... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5573429 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5573429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5562658&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00800.x SummaryCancer chemotherapy disrupts the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment affecting steady‐state proliferation, differentiation and maintenance of haematopoietic (HSC) and stromal stem and progenitor cells; yet the underlying mechanisms and recovery potential of chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression and bone loss remain unclear. While the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemotactic axis has been demonstrated to be critical in maintaining interactions between cells of the two lineages and progenitor cell homing to regions of need upon injury, whether it is involved in chemotherapy‐induced BM damage and repair is not clear. Here, a rat model of chemotherapy treatment with the commonly used antimetabolite methotrexate (MTX) (five once‐daily injections at 0.75 mg/kg/day) was used to investigate potenti... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5562658 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5562658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450873&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00780.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450873 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 17:46:39 +0100 5450873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450872&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00791.x SummaryStudies of inhalational melioidosis were undertaken in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Following exposure to an inhaled challenge with aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei, lethal infection was observed in marmosets challenged with doses below 10 cfu; a precise LD50 determination was not possible. The model was further characterized using a target challenge dose of approximately 102 cfu. A separate pathogenesis time‐course experiment was also conducted. All animals succumbed, between 27 and 78 h postchallenge. The challenge dose received and the time to the humane endpoint (1 °C below normal body temperature postfever) were correlated. The first indicator of disease was an increased core body temperature (Tc), at 22 h postchallenge. This coincided with bacter... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450872 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 17:46:38 +0100 5450872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5450871&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00793.x SummaryNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the commonest liver diseases in Western countries. Although leptin deficient ob/ob and db/db mice are frequently used as murine models of NAFLD, an exhaustive characterization of their hepatic lesions has not been reported to date, particularly under calorie overconsumption. Thus, liver lesions were characterized in 78 ob/ob and db/db mice fed either a standard or high‐calorie (HC) diet, for one or three months. Steatosis, necroinflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis were assessed and the NAFLD activity score (NAS) was calculated. Steatosis was milder in db/db mice compared to ob/ob mice and was more frequently microvesicular. Although necroinflammation was usually mild in both genotypes, it was aggravated in db/db mice after ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5450871 Mon, 28 Nov 2011 17:46:34 +0100 5450871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366895&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00786.x This study investigated the reactive changes in Müller glial cells and astrocytes of the rat retinae, which had been subjected either to hypoxia or to hypoxia followed by hyperoxia treatments. Fifteen rats were used. Ten rats were exposed to 9% O2 for 2 h. Of these, five rats were killed at 24 h later; the remaining five rats were immediately exposed to 80% O2 for 2 h and then killed 24 h later. Double immunofluorescence was carried out between nestin and glutamine synthetase (GS) and between glial fibrilary acidic proteins (GFAP) and GS in normal and pathological retinae. Enhanced nestin expression was observed in reactive astrocytes following hypoxia treatment as revealed in whole mount sections. A novel finding was the induction of nestin expression in Müller glial cells. Rema... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366895 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366894&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00789.x In conclusion, this model of diabetic enteropathy shows enhanced intestinal transit associated with intestinal remodelling, including neuroplastic changes, and overt myenteric neuropathy. Such abnormalities are likely to reflect neuroadaptive and neuropathological changes occurring in this diabetic model. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366894 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5433465&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00792.x SummaryHeterologous IgG antibody (ab) can be produced against Heymann nephritis (HN) antigen (ag) in rabbits by administering it in Freund’s complete adjuvant. The developing abs reacted at high titre with rat kidney brush border (BB) regions of the renal proximal tubules in an indirect fluorescence ab test. A single IV injection of the heterologous ab into a susceptible strain of rat resulted in the localization of IgG ab to glomerular fixed ags, producing immune complex glomerular nephritis. The injected ab also reacted with the BB region of the renal proximal tubules. The aim of this experiment was to find out whether heterologous IgG ab against the HN ag can also be produced in recipient rabbits by injecting immune complexes (ICs) composed of a rat kidney tubular preparation [rat kid... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5433465 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5433465 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5366893&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00790.x This study was designed to develop a new, simple model of accelerated IH based on balloon injury in conjunction with disruption of the Internal Elastic Lamina (IEL) in pig external iliac arteries. Iliac artery injury (n = 24) was performed in 12 Yorkshire pigs divided in two groups: Group I (n = 10), overdistention injury induced by an oversized non‐compliant balloon; Group II (n = 14), arterial wall disruption by pulling back an isometric cutting balloon (CB) followed by stretching with a compliant Fogarty Balloon (FB). At two weeks, arteries were processed for morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for smooth muscle cells (SMC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). When comparing the two groups, at 2 weeks, arteries of group II had a higher incidenc... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5366893 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5366893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240974&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00788.x In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EPS can effectively stimulate production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages in vitro. However, to predict whether EPS could be clinically useful as an immunomodulatory agent, further in vivo studies with highly purified EPS are necessary. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240974 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 17:54:28 +0100 5240974 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5240975&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00787.x SummaryAs pulmonary emphysema and diabetes mellitus are common diseases, concomitance of both is correspondingly expected to occur frequently. To examine whether insulin influences the development of inflammation in the alveolar septa, diabetic male Wistar rats (alloxan, 42 mg/kg, i.v., n = 37) and matching controls (n = 31) were used. Ten days after alloxan injection, diabetic and control rats were instilled with physiologic saline solution containing porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE, 0.25 IU/0.2 ml, right lung) or saline only (left lung). The following analyses were performed: (i) number of leucocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of the animals, 6 h after PPE/saline instillation (early time point); and (ii) mean alveolar diameter (μm) and quantification of e... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5240975 Thu, 22 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5240975 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5228650&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00785.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5228650 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 08:10:37 +0100 5228650 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5127735&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00783.x SummaryMitochondrial morphology and function are altered in intestinal epithelia during endotoxemia. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial abnormalities occur in lung epithelial cells during acute sepsis or whether mitochondrial dysfunction corresponds with altered epithelial barrier function. Thus, we hypothesized that the intestinal epithelium is more susceptible to mitochondrial injury than the lung epithelium during acute sepsis and that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes impaired barrier function. Using a resuscitated feline model of Escherichia coli‐induced sepsis, lung and ileal tissues were harvested after 6 h for histological and mitochondrial ultrastructural analyses in septic (n = 6) and time‐matched controls (n = 6). Human lung epithelial cells (HLEC) and C... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5127735 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5127735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5032256&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00782.x SummaryAn animal study was conducted to evaluate the antilithogenic effect of a combination of dietary fenugreek seeds and onion. Lithogenic conditions were induced in mice by feeding them a high (0.5%) cholesterol diet (HCD) for 10 weeks. Fenugreek (12%) and onion (2%) were included individually and in combination in this HCD. Fenugreek, onion and their combination reduced the incidence of cholesterol gallstones by 75%, 27% and 76%, respectively, with attendant reduction in total cholesterol content by 38–42%, 50–72% and 61–80% in serum, liver and bile respectively. Consequently, the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio was reduced significantly in serum, liver and bile. The cholesterol saturation index of bile was reduced from 4.14 to 1.38 by the combination of fenugreek and onion and ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5032256 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 03:09:07 +0100 5032256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5012672&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00781.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection on myocardial morphology, single cardiomyocyte contractile function and exercise tolerance in rats. Adult Wistar rats were randomized into control (n = 14) and infected (n = 14) groups. Infected animals were inoculated with T. cruzi Y strain (300,000 trypomastigotes/50 g body weight). After 9 weeks, the animals were subjected to a treadmill running protocol. Then, the right atrium (RA) and left ventricle (LV) were removed for morphological and cell contractile evaluation. The infected animals exhibited a significant reduction in distance travelled, total time to fatigue and workload. In addition, these animals had hypertrophy, increased myocardial cellularity, and an increa... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5012672 Tue, 12 Jul 2011 14:43:48 +0100 5012672 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988039&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00784.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988039 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:53:24 +0100 4988039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4988038&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00779.x SummaryMale genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) has a bimodal distribution in boys and men. It is associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pathogenesis of MGLSc is unknown. HPV and autoimmune mechanisms have been mooted. Anti extracellular matrix protein (ECM)1 antibodies have been identified in women with GLSc. The gene expression pattern of LSc is unknown. Using DNA microarrays we studied differences in gene expression in healthy and diseased prepuces obtained at circumcision in adult males with MGLSc (n = 4), paediatric LSc (n = 2) and normal healthy paediatric foreskin (n = 4). In adult samples 51 genes with significantly increased expression and 87 genes with significantly reduced expression were identified; paediatric samples revealed 190 genes with significantly i... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4988038 Fri, 01 Jul 2011 23:53:11 +0100 4988038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906633&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00773.x SummaryThe pathogenesis of alcohol‐induced osteonecrosis remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the morphological changes in bone marrow fat cells and the changes in the serum lipid levels in alcohol‐treated rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: Four rabbits intragastrically received low‐dose alcohol (LDA) (15 ml/kg per day) containing 15% ethanol for 4 weeks, five rabbits received high‐dose alcohol (HDA) (30 ml/kg per day) for 4 weeks and six rabbits received physiologic saline for 4 weeks as a control group. Six weeks after the initial alcohol administration, all rabbits were sacrificed. The mean size of the bone marrow fat cells in rabbits treated with HDA was significantly larger than that in the control group (P... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906633 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4925469&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00778.x SummaryOesophageal exposure to duodenogastro‐oesophageal refluxate leads to reflux oesophagitis and is implicated in the development of Barrett’s metaplasia (BM). NF‐κB signalling in epithelial cells is associated with the activation of transcription factors believed to be central to BM development, whilst NF‐κB activation in fibroblasts plays a critical role in matrix remodelling. Our aim was to study the effects of acid exposure on NF‐κB activation in primary human oesophageal fibroblasts (HOFs) and primary and immortalized oesophageal squames and to investigate any epithelial/stromal interactions in the response of these cells to acid. Primary HOFs and primary and immortalized oesophageal epithelial cells were exposed to acid (pH 7 – pH 4 ≤ 120 min) in single or p... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4925469 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4925469 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4906632&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00777.x SummaryPlatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors (PDGFRs) are strongly involved in the normal development of several organs, tumour angiogenesis and malignant progression and metastasis. Few studies concerning their expression, distribution and role in normal and pathological human thymus are available in the literature. The aim of this study has been to analyse the immunohistochemical expression of PDGF and PDGFR‐α in prenatal and postnatal normal human thymus and thymomal biopsy specimens. The results demonstrated immunoreactivity to both PDGF and PDGFR‐α in all specimens, but the intensity, distribution and number of positive cells were different in normal thymus and thymomas, and also among different tumour types. PDGF and PDGFR‐α were weakly expressed in foeta... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4906632 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4906632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4823791&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00759.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4823791 Sun, 15 May 2011 05:55:44 +0100 4823791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4823790&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00776.x SummaryThis review series consists of seven articles, which focus on the different processes that are involved in the initiation or prevention of renal disease. The articles incorporate a critical analysis of the different experimental models that are used currently in this field of research. They provide an expert overview which is of particular relevance to glomerular diseases, renal fibrosis and obstructive kidney diseases, and all their contributions have significant implications for our understanding of human health and disease. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4823790 Sun, 15 May 2011 05:55:35 +0100 4823790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750038&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00767.x SummaryWith over thirty different hormones identified as being produced in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the gut has been described as ‘the largest endocrine organ in the body’ (Ann. Oncol., 12, 2003, S63). The classification of these hormones and the cells that produce them, the enteroendocrine cells (EECs), has provided the foundation for digestive physiology. Furthermore, alterations in the composition and function of EEC may influence digestive physiology and thereby associate with GI pathologies. Whilst there is a rapidly increasing body of data on the role and function of EEC in the upper GI tract, there is a less clear‐cut understanding of the function of EEC in the lower GI. Nonetheless, their presence and diversity are indicative of a role. This review focuses on the EECs... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750038 Sun, 24 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4750038 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4791662&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00775.x SummaryEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well established biological process in metazoan embryological development. Over the past 15 years, investigators have sought to establish whether EMT also occurs in renal epithelial cells, following kidney injury, and to show that the mesenchymal cells formed could give rise to myofibroblasts which populate the renal interstitium, causing fibrosis within it. There is no doubt that proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) can undergo EMT in vitro in response to TGFβ‐1 and other inflammatory stimuli. Moreover, the results of experiments with animal models of renal fibrosis and examination of biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease have lent support to the hypothesis that EMT occurs in vivo. This review discusses some of ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4791662 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4791662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4750037&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00774.x SummaryThe aim of this study was evaluate the effect of prolonged use of high dose of tibolone on the vagina of ovariectomized rats. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed on 14 rats weighing 250 g. Thirty days later, vaginal smears were collected verifying the menopause status by anoestrus cytology. Rats were divided randomly into groups: experimental rats (n = 9) received 1 mg tibolone/day orally and control rats (n = 6) received placebo (carboxymethylcellulose). After 150 days, all rats were sedated and euthanized by cervical displacement. The vagina was removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, sampled and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and PAS‐diastase, and Weiger... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4750037 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4750037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4737839&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00772.x In conclusion, the present study reports that dexamethasone‐induced hyperinsulinaemic condition plus exogenous testosterone treatment leads to synergistic effects of insulin and testosterone in the prostatic growth and in the amount of IDE in the nucleus and whole epithelial cell. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4737839 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4737839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4688743&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00771.x SummaryChemotherapy‐induced mucositis is characterized by damage of mucous membranes throughout the alimentary tract (AT). Extracellular matrix (ECM) components play a vital role in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity by regulating cellular apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of overlying epithelial cells. The aims of this study were to characterize the changes in epithelial cell kinetics and to investigate the expression of the ECM components in the gastrointestinal tract following irinotecan administration. Female dark agouti rats were treated with single 200 mg/kg dose irinotecan and killed at various time points (1, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 144 h) after treatment. Ki67 immunostaining and TUNEL were used to assess proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, in the jejunum a... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4688743 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4688743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4647207&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00769.x SummaryUndifferentiated transcription factor‐1 (UTF‐1) and reduced expression protein‐1 (REX‐1) are used as markers for the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells. Because no highly specific cytochemical marker for epidermal stem cells has yet been identified, we investigated the expression pattern of these markers in human epidermis and skin tumours by immunohistochemistry and in keratinocyte cell cultures. Both presumed stem cell markers were widely expressed in the epidermis and skin appendages. Distinct expression was found in the matrix cells of the hair shaft. Differentiation of human primary keratinocytes (KC) in vitro strongly downregulated UTF‐1 and REX‐1 expression. In addition, REX‐1 was upregulated in squamous cell carcinomas, indicating a possible role ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4647207 Tue, 29 Mar 2011 21:07:16 +0100 4647207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4623935&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00766.x SummaryADAM23, a member of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family, has been reported to be expressed in several types of tumours. The exact role of ADAM23 and the possible mechanisms in which it is involved in non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the expression of ADAM23 and its correlation with promoter methylation in NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR together with Western blotting methods were used to analyse the expression of ADAM23 in 52 cancer tissue samples and eight benign pulmonary lesions as well as four cell lines. The methylated status of ADAM23 gene was determined with methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of ADAM23 protein was lower in ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4623935 Wed, 23 Mar 2011 20:39:15 +0100 4623935 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602686&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00765.x SummaryNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic condition of the liver in the western world. There is only little evidence about altered sensitivity of steatotic liver to acute toxic injury. The aim of this project was to test whether hepatic steatosis sensitizes rat liver to acute toxic injury induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed ad libitum a standard pelleted diet (ST‐1, 10% energy fat) and high‐fat gelled diet (HFGD, 71% energy fat) for 6 weeks and then TAA was applied intraperitoneally in one dose of 100 mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed in 24‐, 48‐ and 72‐h interval after TAA administration. We assessed the serum biochemistry, the hepatic reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cytokine conce... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602686 Wed, 16 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485806&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00762.x Summaryp23 is a cochaperone of heat shock protein 90 and also interacts functionally with numerous steroid receptors and kinases. However, the in vivo roles of p23 remain unclear. To explore its in vivo function, we generated the transgenic (TG) mice ubiquitously overexpressing p23. The p23 TG mice spontaneously developed kidney abnormalities closely resembling human hydronephrosis. Consistently, kidney functions deteriorate significantly in the p23 TG mice compared to their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Furthermore, the expression of target genes for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), such as cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (Cyp1A1) and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (Cyp1B1), were induced in the kidneys of the p23 TG mice. These results indicate... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485806 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4485806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467310&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00755.x SummaryTo confirm the existence of the cervical thymus and the development of cervical thymoma in thymoma‐prone BUF/Mna (BUF) rats, we examined cervical organs and adjacent tissues, and thoracic thymic tissues of the three inbred strains, BUF, ACI/NMna (ACI), and WKY/NCrj (WKY), and 11 congenic strains, in which genetic regions of rat nude (Rnu), thymus enlargement‐1 and thymus enlargement‐2 (Ten1 and Ten2), thymoma susceptibility of rat‐1 (Tsr1), atrophy of fast‐twitch muscles‐1 (Aftm1) and proteinuria of rat‐1 (Pur1) were transferred into BUF, ACI or WKY rats. These organs and tissues were fixed en block in 10% formalin and cut coronally into four to six slices of 3‐mm thickness, depending on the age of the rat, and embedded together in one block for each rat. Sections we... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467310 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4467310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467309&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00754.x SummaryMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells are important cell population with an immunoregulatory potential in both adaptive and innate immunity. Their immunosuppressive activity is widely accepted. However, emerging evidence suggests that this heterogeneous cell population can be, under some circumstances, immunostimulatory rather than suppressive. This finding can shed a new light on antitumour immunity which is believed to be impaired in immunosuppressive environments. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467309 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4467309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467308&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00756.x SummarySteroids perform significant functions in prostatic development and growth, so that interferences of this equilibrium may predispose the gland to the development of diseases during the life. Embryonic and neonatal exposure to xenoestrogens, many of them with endocrine‐disrupting potential, has been related to the induction of disturbances in reproductive system organs. Thus, this study aimed to analyse morphological and immunocytochemical aspects of prostate in both male and female adult gerbils either exposed to ethinylestradiol during the prenatal phase (pregnant females received 10 μg/kg, by gavage) (EE group) or exposed to testosterone (1 mg/kg) during the postnatal period (EE/T group). Serological analysis revealed a rise in estradiol levels in adult males and females of... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467308 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4467308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467307&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00757.x SummaryIt is thought that the degeneration of germ cells associated with an increase in the temperature due to cryptorchidism involves oxidative stress. α‐Tocopherol is a powerful antioxidant that prevents oxidation of polyunsaturated fats found in membranes and stabilizes peroxyl radicals. For this reason we were interested in determining the role of α‐Tocopherol using experimental cryptorchidism, followed by orchidopexia in neonatal rats. Eighty‐four, 10‐day‐postpartum (dpp) male rats (Wistar strain) were used and divided into 7 groups: healthy control, sham with α‐Tocopherol treated with 30 or 100 mg/kg doses, sham vehicle, cryptorchidism treated with α‐Tocopherol at 30 or 100 mg/kg doses and cryptorchidism vehicle. Cryptorchidism was surgically induced at 10 dpp. ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467307 Sat, 12 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4467307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4602685&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00768.x SummaryGardnerella vaginalis is a Gram‐variable coccobacillus found in the lower genital tract, particularly of women. Very large numbers are found in the vagina in bacterial vaginosis. The pathogenicity of G. vaginalis was studied using fallopian tubes and bovine oviducts in organ culture. Whole organisms, whether piliated or not, from broth cultures caused the cilia on ciliated cells in the mucosa of either human or bovine oviducts to stop beating within 3 days or less. Cilia on control tissues kept beating for at least 5 days. Organism‐free filtrates from broth cultures, whether frozen and thawed or heat‐treated, caused the same effect, indicating the existence of a soluble toxin. Histological sections revealed little damage, but scanning electron microscopy showed damage to ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4602685 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4602685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4533868&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00764.x SummaryInterstitial fibrosis, associated with extensive accumulation of extracellular matrix constituents in the cortical interstitium, is directly correlated to progression of renal disease. The earliest histological marker of this progression is the accumulation in the interstitium of fibroblasts with the phenotypic appearance of myofibroblasts. These myofibroblasts are contractile cells that express alpha smooth muscle actin and incorporate it into intracellular stress fibres. Although fibroblasts are histologically visible in normal kidneys, there are relatively few of them and proximal tubular epithelial cells predominate. In progressive disease, however, the interstitium becomes filled with myofibroblasts. In this review, we will examine the phenotype and function of fibroblasts and ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4533868 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4533868 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4509086&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00763.x SummaryGoodpasture’s, or anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM), disease presents with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, caused by autoimmunity to a component of the GBM, the non‐collagenous domain of the α3 chain of type IV collagen [α3(IV)NC1]. To investigate the mechanisms of inflammation in glomerulonephritis and to test new approaches to treatment, animal models of glomerulonephritis, termed experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG), have been developed in susceptible strains of rats and mice. This review article describes how these models of EAG have been developed over the past three decades, discusses the evidence for the involvement of both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity in the induction and pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in these models and highlig... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4509086 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4509086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4485805&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00761.x In this study, we evaluated the effects of chronic early Pb exposure (CePbe) on the morphology, cellular density and relative optical density (OD) in the cells of the SCN of male rats. Female Wistar rats were exposed during gestation and lactation to a Pb solution containing 320 ppm of Pb acetate through drinking water. After weaning, the pups were maintained with the same drinking water until sacrificed at 90 days of age. Pb levels in the blood, hypothalamus, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were significantly increased in the experimental group. Chronic early Pb exposure induced a significant increase in the minor and major axes and somatic area of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)‐ and vasopressin (VP)‐immunoreactive neurons. The density of VIP‐, VP‐ and glial fibrill... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4485805 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4485805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4467306&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2011.00760.x SummaryThe need for novel insights into the mechanisms of progression of renal disease has become urgent during the last several years because of the increasing incidence of chronic renal disease worldwide. Independent of the underlying disease, the subsequent progression of renal fibrosis is characterized mainly by both an exaggerated synthesis and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins produced by mesenchymal cells within the kidney. These cells are mainly myofibroblasts deriving from a variety of renal cells such as vascular smooth muscle, mesangial, resident stem, tubular epithelial, vascular endothelial cells or pericytes. The appearance of myofibroblasts is a reversible process, as suggested by studies in experimental models showing regression of renal fibrosis during... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4467306 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4467306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4437345&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00758.x In conclusion, the present results indicate that ER stress may contribute to chondrocyte apoptosis along with OA progression, which was closely associated with an enhanced apoptotic response and a reduced protective response by the cells. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4437345 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4437345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4408156&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00753.x SummaryWith the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome worldwide, experimental models are required to better understand the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to preserve pancreatic beta cells, attenuate atherosclerosis and protect target organs. The aims of this study were to develop an experimental model of impaired glucose tolerance combined with hypercholesterolaemia induced by diet and assess metabolic alterations and target organ lesions. New Zealand male rabbits were fed high‐fat/high‐sucrose (10/40%) and cholesterol‐enriched diet for 24 weeks, when they were sacrificed. Biochemistry, fundus photographs with fluorescein angiography and pathological analyses were performed. Cholesterol‐fed and normal animals of same age were compared. Resu... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4408156 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 18:59:39 +0100 4408156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4408155&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00752.x SummaryLung ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major cause of graft failure in lung transplantation (Tx). With the implementation of orthotopic lung Tx in mice, a physiological model on the base of a perfused and ventilated graft became available for the investigation of I/R injury. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique, we here present an analysis of early and late morphological changes of pulmonary I/R injury. Syngeneic lungs were orthotopically transplanted between C57BL/6 mice. Grafts were exposed to 2 h of cold ischaemia. Transplants and right lungs were examined by SEM with corresponding haematoxylin–eosin histology 30 min and 4 h after reperfusion. Thirty minutes after reperfusion, the alveolar surface of transplants showed a discontinued lining ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4408155 Fri, 28 Jan 2011 18:59:38 +0100 4408155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4255519&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00751.x SummaryUsher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of combined deaf‐blindness in man. An important finding from mouse models and molecular studies is that the USH proteins are integrated into a protein network that regulates inner ear morphogenesis. To understand further the function of harmonin in the pathogenesis of USH1, we have generated a targeted null mutation Ush1c mouse model. Here, we examine the effects of null mutation of the Ush1c gene on subcellular localization of Myo7a, Pcdh15 and Sans in the inner ear. Morphology and proteins distributions were analysed in cochlear sections and whole mount preparations from Ush1c−/− and Ush1c−/+ controls mice. We observed the same distribution of Myo7a throughout the cytoplasm in knockout and control mice. However, we detected P... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4255519 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4255519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4216918&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00750.x This study utilized the mdx mouse model to assess the role of CTGF and other extracellular matrix components during the development of fibrosis in the dystrophic heart. Left ventricular function of mdx and control mice at 6, 29 and 43 weeks was measured by echocardiography. Young (6 weeks old) mdx hearts had normal function and histology. At 29 weeks of age, mdx mice developed cardiac fibrosis and increased collagen expression. The onset of fibrosis was associated with increased CTGF transcript and protein expression. Increased intensity of CTGF immunostaining was localized to fibrotic areas in mdx hearts. The upregulation of CTGF was also concurrent with increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP‐1). These changes persisted in 43 week old mdx hea... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4216918 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4216918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4198555&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00741.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4198555 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 09:43:47 +0100 4198555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4129107&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00742.x SummaryToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are important components of the innate immune system. Compared with other TLRs such as TLR4, there is less data on the expression and function of TLR9, which binds to unmethylated DNA. Because there is no data on the cell‐specific protein expression of TLR9 in lungs of cattle, dog and pigs, and pulmonary diseases are the major cause of economic losses, we studied TLR9 expression in lungs using Western blotting, immunohistology and immuno‐electron microscopy. We characterized a mouse TLR9 antibody to detect TLR9 in lung extracts from pigs, dogs, and cattle. The TLR9 peptide used to raise the mouse TLR9 antibody had significant homology with TLR9 amino acid sequences from these species. Light and electron microscopic immunostaining localized TLR9 in ai... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4129107 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4129107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4169875&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00749.x SummaryChondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumours. They are poorly responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Treatment is usually limited to surgical resection; however, survival of patients with high‐grade chondrosarcoma is poor, even with wide surgical resection. Induction of apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells, either directly or by enhancement of the response to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, may be a route by which outcome can be improved. In this article, we review potential molecular targets that regulate chondrocyte apoptosis and discuss the experimental evidence for their utility. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4169875 Fri, 01 Oct 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4169875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112940&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00743.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112940 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4112940 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112939&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00744.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112939 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4112939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4033916&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00740.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4033916 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4033916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4033915&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00739.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4033915 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4033915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4156891&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00747.x In this study, we assessed whether CD176 is co‐expressed with CD44 or CD133 [markers of cancer‐initiating cells (CIC)] in human lung, breast and liver carcinoma. A variety of human cancer cell lines and surgical specimens of these malignancies were examined. It was found that in most cases the majority of tumour cells stained strongly for CD44 by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, whereas CD133 expression was found on a smaller, but varying proportion of cells. Co‐expression of CD176 with CD44 was found at a surprisingly high percentage of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Co‐expression of CD176 with CD133 was also detected, although at a lower rate. Tamoxifen treatment of MDA‐435 breast cancer cells enhanced the CD44+/CD176+ phenotype. Evidence is provided through a new s... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4156891 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4156891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4146572&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00748.x SummaryTransgenic mice are important tools for our study of breast cancer pathobiology. In order to evaluate changes in cell phenotype with breast cancer progression, we examined vascular and progenitor cell characteristics in tumours derived from MMTV‐PyVmT mice. We performed dual‐immunofluorescence staining for Tie2, pTie2Y1100, VEGFR2 and PDGFR‐β and the pan‐endothelial marker PECAM‐1 (CD31) in 39 tumours from MMTV‐PyVmT transgenic mice grouped by nuclear grade and tumour morphology. Immunohistochemical staining for Aldh1a1 was performed in MMTV‐PyVmT‐derived tumours and in non‐transgenic mouse mammary glands. Tumour blood vessels were heterogeneous in all samples analysed, with the proportion of Tie2‐, pTie2 (Y1100)‐, VEGFR2‐ and PDGFR‐β‐positive tumour bl... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4146572 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4146572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4129106&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00745.x SummaryIt is sometimes difficult to differentiate between type B3 thymoma from thymic carcinoma histologically. Given the rarity of these tumours, studies have been limited. A series of 66 thymic neoplasms were reviewed and classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) scheme. We performed a tissue microarray analysis of surgically resected thymic tumour specimens including 12 thymic carcinomas, 17 type B3 thymomas and 37 thymomas of other types. Percentage and staining intensity of immunohistochemical markers were recorded. Tumour eosinophilia was recorded positive if at least one eosinophilic cell identified. Positive staining of the following markers significantly differentiated type B3 thymoma from thymic carcinoma: cytokeratin 5/6 (15 vs. 3), Mesothelin (0 vs. 5), cytopl... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4129106 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4129106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4112938&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00746.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4112938 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4112938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4033914&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00738.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4033914 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4033914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3940704&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00733.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3940704 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3940704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909813&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00729.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909813 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909812&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00731.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909812 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909811&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00732.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909811 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909810&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00734.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909810 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909809&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00730.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909809 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909808&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00735.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909808 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3909807&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00737.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3909807 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3909807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851919&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00726.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851919 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851918&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00724.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851918 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851917&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00704.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851917 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851916&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00736.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851916 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804236&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00727.x Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most frequently observed cause of obstructive nephropathy in children. Neonatal and foetal animal models have been developed that mimic closely what is observed in human disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss how obstructive nephropathy alters kidney histology and function and describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of the lesions, including inflammation, proliferation/apoptosis, renin[ndash]angiotensin system activation and fibrosis, based on both human and animal data. Also we propose that during obstructive nephropathy, hydrodynamic modifications are early inducers of the tubular lesions, which are potentially at the origin of the pathology. Finally, an important observation in animal models is that relief ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804236 Fri, 30 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804236 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804238&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00725.x Granuloma formation is an inflammatory response of the host against invading pathogens or indigestible substances. We generated mesenteric oil granulomas by injecting pristane into the peritoneal cavity (PC) of mice, and compared oil granuloma formation in the C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ strains of mice. The formation and kinetics of oil granulomas were distinct between the two strains. In C57BL/6J mice, injected pristane induced oil granuloma formation at both the mesenteric centers (MG) and margins (SG). MG was resolving by 11 weeks, and SG persisted. In BALB/cByJ mice, MG developed slower but persisted longer than in C57BL/6J mice, and SG resolved sooner than in C57BL/6J mice. Injection of India ink revealed that phagocytes were localised mainly to the SG in C57BL/6J mice, but were located d... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804238 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804238 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3804237&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00728.x Dendritic cells are not only the master regulators of adaptive immunity, but also participate profoundly in innate immune responses. Much has been learned about their basic immunological functions and their roles in various diseases. Comparatively little is still known about their role in renal disease, despite their obvious potential to affect immune responses in the kidney, and immune responses that are directed against renal components. Kidney dendritic cells form an abundant network in the renal tubulointerstitium and constantly survey the environment for signs of injury or infection, in order to alert the immune system to the need to initiate defensive action. Recent studies have identified a role for dendritic cells in several murine models of acute renal injury and chronic nephritis... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3804237 Thu, 29 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3804237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3725773&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00722.x The prostate is fundamental to the male reproductive process, and the stroma[ndash]epithelium interaction has an important role in prostate maintenance. Studies suggest that dystroglycan (DG) plays a role in cancer development in various organs. Thus, the aims of this work were to characterize morphological and proliferative features of the prostatic stroma and epithelium of mdx mice; to verify the immunolocalization of the [alpha] and [beta] DG, IGF-1 and laminin [alpha]3 receptors; and to relate those structural and molecular events to prostate pathogenesis and to verify the viability of this experimental model in prostate studies. Thirty male mice (mdx and C57BL10/Uni) were divided into control and mdx groups. Samples from the ventral prostate were collected for immunological, Western B... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3725773 Mon, 05 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3725773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3700630&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00723.x The histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural alterations in 81 pituitary allografts from Lewis rats transplanted beneath the renal capsule of Wistar rats were investigated. Intrasellar pituitaries of rats bearing allografts were also examined. Recipient rats were sacrificed at various time points after transplantation. Two days after transplantation, the central portion of the allografts demonstrated ischaemic necrosis. A week later, massive mononuclear cell infiltrates consisting primarily of lymphocytes and to a lesser extent, macrophages, plasma cells and granulocytes became prominent. At about three to four weeks after transplantation, the mononuclear cell infiltrate diminished; the surviving adenohypophysial cells, mainly prolactin (PRL) cells, increased in number and nec... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3700630 Sat, 26 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3700630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697843&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00721.x We describe the clinical, pathologic and molecular characteristics of a xenograft model of metastatic mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Tumours from patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms were implanted in nude mice and observed for evidence of intraperitoneal tumour growth. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features, temporal growth characteristics relative to controls, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at multiple chromosomal alleles were assessed in a successfully engrafted tumour. Two of seventeen implanted tumours successfully engrafted and only one mucinous adenocarcinoma propagated throughout the course of the study. The successful xenograft is morphologically similar to the original tumour, produces abundant extracellular mucin and exhibits non-invasive growth on peritone... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697843 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697847&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00715.x Interferon-[gamma] (IFN-[gamma]) has a direct role in thyroid destruction in autoimmune thyroiditis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with potent IFN-[gamma] inducing activities, may play an important role in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and localization of IL-18 in the thyroid tissues of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and to investigate the effect of IFN-[gamma] on IL-18 expression in isolated human thyroid follicular cells (TFCs). Thyroid tissues obtained from six euthyroid patients with HT and six control subjects were used to detect IL-18 expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. Human TFCs were isolated and incubated for 48 h with or without... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697847 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697846&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00717.x Tegumentary leishmaniasis is an important public health problem in several countries. The capacity of the Leishmania species, at the initial moments of the infection, to invade and survive inside the host cells involves the interaction of surface molecules that are crucial in determining the evolution of the disease. Using C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR-2[minus]/[minus] mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, we demonstrated that TLR-2[minus]/[minus] mice presented eosinophilic granuloma in the ear dermis, different from C57BL/6 wild-type mice that presented a cellular profile characterized mainly by mononuclear cell infiltrates, besides neutrophils and eosinophils, during the two first week of infection. When the parasite load was evaluated, we found that the absence of TLR-2 lead to a signifi... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697846 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697845&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00718.x In conclusion, the present model demonstrated that long-term diabetes promotes significant alterations in the myometrium in a time-sensitive manner. Together, these alterations indicate that diabetes impairs the first phenotypic adaptation phase of the pregnant myometrium. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697845 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697844&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00720.x Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which migrate from the tunica media to the subendothelial region, is one of the primary lesions involved in atherogenesis in diabetes. Here, we investigated whether high glucose potentiated the proliferation and chemotaxis of VSMCs by activating SDF-1[alpha]/CXCR4/PI-3K/Akt signalling. The expression of SDF-1[alpha], CXCR4 and PCNA was up-regulated in tunica media of thoracic aortas by streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic Sprague[ndash]Dawley rats. Exposure of primary VSMCs to high glucose (25 mM) led to the up-regulated expression of SDF-1[alpha] and CXCR4, activated PI-3K/Akt signalling, and consequently promoted the proliferation and chemotaxis of VSMCs. Interestingly, the administration of SDF-1 siRNA or neutralizing ant... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697844 Thu, 24 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3697848&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00724.x Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant tumour in infancy; the reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs gene (RECK) is a tumour suppressor gene. Previous studies show that RECK inhibits tumour invasion and metastasis through negative regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-14. Therefore, we wanted to detect the expression of RECK and MMP-14 in neuroblastomas to assess the correlation between the expression levels of these proteins, and to investigate the roles in the metastasis and development of the tumour. PV-6000 immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression levels of RECK and MMP-14 in 36 samples of neuroblastoma tissue. Samples from paraffin wax-embedded specimens and the complete clinicopathological data of 36 neuroblasto... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3697848 Wed, 23 Jun 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3697848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851915&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00717.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851915 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851914&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00720.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851914 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851913&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00718.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851913 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3851912&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00715.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3851912 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3851912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3485033&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00714.x This study has demonstrated that mast cell density correlates with angiogenesis and progression of patients with gastric carcinoma. Understanding the mechanisms of gastric cancer angiogenesis provides a basis for a rational approach to the development of an antiangiogenic therapy in patients with this malignancy. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3485033 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3485033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3485032&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00709.x Studies on metastasic lesions from human carcinomas are scarce. Therefore there is a need for such studies to identify the expression of the biological factors that will help in the assessment of the natural history of breast cancer. Here an immunohistochemical study was performed using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, 2, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs)-1, 2 and 3 in 39 patients with breast cancer. Specimens from 39 patients with node-positive carcinomas were examined and the analysis was performed at the central core of the tumour, at the invasive front, and in the metastasic axillary lymph nodes (MALNs). Global expression of MMP-1, 7 and 14, TIMP-1, and 3, were significantly higher at the centre of the tu... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3485032 Mon, 19 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3485032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3431412&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00713.x Assessment of the histopathological and plasma biochemical characteristics of diabetic and non-diabetic rat strains [Han and AP Wistar, lean and obese Zucker Fatty (ZF), and lean and obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats] was performed at 6 or 14 weeks of age. Wistar and lean ZF and ZDF rats showed no or minimal islet pathology or plasma biochemical alterations at both timepoints. Obese ZFs were euglycaemic at both timepoints and mildly and severely hyperinsulinaemic at 6 and 14 weeks respectively. Islet morphology was normal at 6 weeks but at 14 weeks, islet hyperplasia was present with a minority showing degenerative changes namely, [beta]-cell vacuolation, vascular congestion and haemorrhage with minimal mononuclear cell and T lymphocytic infiltration. Obese ZDFs were euglycaemic and m... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3431412 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3431412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406414&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00704.x The aim of our study was to analyse desalivated rat tongue epithelium for histopathological changes, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and epithelium-associated stromal myofibroblasts [SMF; [alpha]-smooth muscle actin ([alpha]SMA)] following 0.001% 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) administration in drinking water. Results were compared with those of identically treated but salivated specimens. 4NQO was administered for 7, 14, 22 and 28 weeks. Tongue length was divided into anterior, middle and posterior 'thirds'. The histopathological changes per 'third' were scored as normal epithelium, hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ, and superficial and invasive carcinoma. The PCNA and [alpha]SMA stains were assessed by a point-counting method. At all time points, the histopathological... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406414 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406413&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00705.x This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the combined treatment with an anti-coagulant (enoxaparin) agent and a lipid-lowering agent (lovastatin) on prevention or decrease in the occurrence of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits. A total of 112 rabbits, which were injected intramuscularly with 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone acetate were divided into four groups and treated as follows: one group received enoxaparin combined with lovastatin (EL; n = 30), another received enoxaparin alone (EA; n = 28), another received lovastatin alone (LA; n = 28) and the last received no treatment (non-prophylactic; NP, n = 26). Haematological examination for serum lipid levels and prothrombin time was carried out and both femora and humeri were examined histopathologically for the presence o... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406413 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406412&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00706.x The present study examined the response of the prostate epithelium of senescent gerbils submitted to orchiectomy and with or without steroidal blockade. Animals were divided into five groups, all surgically castrated except the control group composed of intact animals. In the experimental groups, doses of flutamide and/or tamoxifen were applied for 1, 3, 7 and 30 days postcastration. The structural methods applied reveal that castration, whether associated or not with anti-steroidal drugs, promoted short- and long-term decrease in wet and relative weights of the prostate. The quantitative decline of epithelial compartment proportion observed at the end of treatment was due to the sum of slight changes in the epithelium and lumen. The apoptotic index had risen significantly at 1 day and dec... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406412 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406411&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00708.x Regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury is dependent on numerous factors including age, the inflammatory response, revascularization, gene expression of myogenic and growth factors and the activation and proliferation of endogenous progenitor cells. It is our hypothesis that oxidative stress preceding a contusion injury to muscle modulates the inflammatory response to inhibit muscle regeneration and enhance fibrotic scar formation. Male F344/BN rats were assigned to one of four groups. Group 1: uinjured control; Group 2: ischaemic occlusion of femoral vessels for 2 h followed by reperfusion (I-R); Group 3: contusion injury of the tibialis anterior (TA); Group 4: I-R, then contusion injury. The acute inflammatory response (8 h, 3 days) was determined by expression of the chemokine ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406411 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406410&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00710.x Soluble gp130 (sgp130) has been shown to suppress the inflammatory response of autoimmune pathologies; however, its effects on virus infection are not known. Here, we report that intraperitoneal treatment of mice with sgp130-Fc fusion protein at the time of oral reovirus serotype 3 infection resulted in altered morphopathological changes that were evident by less shortening of intestinal villi length and crypt depth after infection. That the effect mediated by sgp130 treatment was due to an increase in intestinal crypt cell proliferation was demonstrated by an increase in the number of crypt mitotic figures. This was further confirmed by increased immunoreactivity to the Cdc47 proliferation-associated antigen in crypts of sgp130-treated virus-infected mice compared to infected non-treated ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406410 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406409&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00711.x A significant proportion of patients with osteogenic sarcoma die from lung metastasis within 5 years of diagnosis. Molecular signatures that predict pulmonary metastasis from primary osteogenic sarcoma and identify those patients at risk would be clinically useful as prognostic markers. Protein expression profiles of two clonally related murine osteogenic sarcoma cell lines with low (K12) and high (K7M2) metastatic potential were compared using two different proteomic technologies, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and cell profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Interrogation of a molecular pathways network database suggested several additional candidate molecules that potentially predict metastatic potential of primary osteogenic sarcoma. ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406409 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3406408&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2010.00712.x Transient focal cerebral ischaemia can cause neuronal damage in remote areas, including the ipsilateral thalamus and subsutantia nigra, as well as in the ischaemic core. In the present study, we investigated long-term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra from 1 up to 20 weeks after 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats, using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nuclei (NeuN), Iba-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunostaining. These results show that transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats can cause a severe and prolonged neuronal damage in the ipsilateral striatum. Our results with TH and NeuN immunostaining also demonstrate that the atrophy of the ipsilateral substantia nigra after transient focal cerebral is... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3406408 Fri, 26 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3406408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199456&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00702.x Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), the most common primary salivary malignancy, shows great variability in clinical behaviour, thus demanding investigation to identify of prognostic markers. Since Warburg's studies, unrestricted cell growth during tumorigenesis has been linked to altered metabolism, implying hypoxic stimulation of glycolysis and diminished contribution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to cellular ATP supply. Hypothesizing that the study of MEC metabolic status could lead to the discovery of prognostic markers, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1), mitochondrial antigen and peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) in samples of MEC from different histological grades. Our results showed that mitochondrial antigen and Prx I were expre... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199456 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3199457&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00701.x Mongolian gerbils are used as biomedical research models for a variety of diseases and are in some cases suited better than other rodents for basic research and therapeutic studies. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced model in gerbils for the human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to utilize them for a therapeutic study in vivo. Four concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%) of DSS were administered via drinking water for 7 days; based on these results, a concentration of 3% DSS was given for 9 days in a second approach. Fluid uptake and general clinical condition were assessed daily using a clinical score. Caecum and colon were scored histologically. Fluid uptake was affected by addition of DSS to the drinking water. First clinica... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3199457 Fri, 22 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3199457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109789&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00685.x The female organs, which are regulated by steroid hormones, are targets of studies especially those related to senescence. However, although the female prostate is an organ influenced by hormones and susceptible to lesions, there is still little information about its histopathology. Thus, given the morphophysiological similarity between the prostate in women and female gerbils, the present study aimed to identify the spontaneous histopathological changes in this rodent to provide contributions to the understanding of lesions that also affect the human female prostate. The structural, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, morphometric-stereological and serological aspects, as well as the quantification of the incidence, multiplicity and percentage of acini affected by different lesions were... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109789 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109788&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00694.x Haemorrhagic shock occasionally causes an episode of lung dysfunction, the severity of which appears to correlate with fatal outcome. Our previous study indicated that proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] and interleukin (IL)-1[beta], played a key role in the development of lung dysfunction through recruitment of activated neutrophils by causing pulmonary endothelial cell damage. Here, we examined this issue quantitatively by grading four groups of severity of bleeding in rats. As the amount of bleeding increased, the expression of mRNA for TNF-[alpha] and IL-1[beta] in the lung tissue and the pulmonary serum levels of both cytokines increased progressively up to 5 h, and the frequency of activated neutrophils increased likewise. The lung dysfunction indi... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109788 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109787&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00696.x The effects of experimental type 1 diabetes were investigated in the acinar epithelium of rat ventral prostate, focusing on the rates of cell proliferation and the frequency of apoptosis and p63-positive cells. Type 1 diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats by a single alloxan administration (42 mg/kg b.w.) and its effects were analysed for 1 week and 3 months after the establishment of the disease. A group of diabetic rats was treated daily with 5 IU of insulin during 1 week after diabetes had been diagnosed. Immunocytochemical methods for the localization of cell proliferation antigen (PCNA), androgen receptor (AR) and p63 protein were carried out, and apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL essay. In diabetic rats, testosterone levels reduced drastically after 1 week and in a lo... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109787 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3109786&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00697.x Chemokines have been known to play a critical role in pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis and acinar cell death. However, the role played by one of the CXC chemokines: CXCL10 in regulation of acinar cell death has remained unexplored. Hence, this study was designed to assess the role of CXCL10 promoting apoptosis in ex vivo cultured acinar cells. Primary human pancreatic acinar cell cultures were established and exposed to varying doses of CXCL10 for different time intervals. Apoptotic induction was evaluated by both qualitative as well as quantitative analyses. Various mediators of apoptosis were also studied by Western blotting, membrane potential ([Psi]m) and ATP depletion in acinar cells. Analysis of apoptosis via DNA ladder and cell death detection [ndash] ELISA demonstrated that CXC... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3109786 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3109786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3081355&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00700.x Monocyte recruitment and their differentiation into macrophages are both early events in native and accelerated atherosclerosis that follows angioplasty. We have investigated the putative functional role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) present on rabbit monocytes/macrophages. The impact of periadventitial delivery of an EGFR-specific, blocking monoclonal antibody (ICR62, which inhibits EGF-binding to its receptor) was investigated in a rabbit model of accelerated atherosclerosis induced by a combination of carotid injury and 4 weeks of a 2% cholesterol-diet. Two weeks after the initiation of the diet, a balloon-catheter angioplasty of the left common carotid artery was performed and a collar placed around the injured carotid artery immediately, for the delivery of ICR62 anti... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3081355 Sat, 12 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3081355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3073633&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00692.x Although it is well known that cadmium (Cd) causes adverse effects on male rat reproductive organs, few studies have quantified alterations caused by its low doses. Quantification of these alterations, especially in the testis, was measured using morphometry. A single dose of cadmium chloride (1 or 1.2 mg/kg BW) was injected i.p. in adult rats, killed after 7 or 56 days. The lower dose caused slight alterations as measured by morphometrical analysis. The higher dose caused significant reduction in testis and epididymis weight, gonadossomatic index and length of seminiferous tubule (ST) after 7 and 56 days. Cadmium significantly reduced the ST diameter after 56 days. Decreased volume density of ST, after 7 and 56 days, was accompanied by an increase in interstitium volume density. The damag... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3073633 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3073633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3058636&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00691.x The effects of alcohol on Ca2+ signalling remains poorly understood. Here we have investigated the effects of acute ethanol exposure on Ca2+ influx in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Cells were loaded with fura-2 and the changes in fluorescence were monitored by spectrofluorimetry and imaging analysis. Stimulation of cells with 20 pM cholecystokinin evoked an oscillatory pattern in [Ca2+]c, both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Stimulation of cells with cholecystokinin in the presence of 50 mM ethanol led to a transformation of physiological oscillations into a single transient increase in [Ca2+]c. This effect was observed when Ca2+ was present in the extracellular medium, and did not appear in its absence. Addition of 1 mM CaCl2 to the extracellular medium, followi... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3058636 Sat, 05 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3058636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3058637&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00689.x Mast cells (MCs) are widely distributed in human and animal tissues and have been shown to play an important role in angiogenesis in normal and pathological conditions. Few data are available about the relationship between MCs and blood vessels in the normal human thymus, and there are virtually no data about their distribution and significance in thymoma. The aim of this study was to analyse the spatial distribution of MCs and microvessels in the normal foetal and adult thymus and thymoma. Twenty biopsy specimens of human thymus, including foetal and adult normal thymus and thymoma were analysed. Double staining with CD34 and mast cell tryptase was used to count both mast cells and microvessels in the same fields. Computer-assisted image analysis was performed to characterize the spatial ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3058637 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3058637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054737&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00683.x In conclusion, our data show that during chronic heart failure, decreased skeletal muscle trophism is combined with unchanged myostatin and reduced follistatin expression. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054737 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3054738&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00688.x Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the most common hereditary diseases. Abnormal ion handling renders dystrophic muscle fibers more susceptible to necrosis and a rise in intracellular calcium is an important initiating event in dystrophic muscle pathogenesis. In the mdx mice, muscles are affected with different intensities and some muscles are spared. We investigated the levels of the calcium-binding proteins calsequestrin and calmodulin in the non-spared axial (sternomastoid and diaphragm), limb (tibialis anterior and soleus), cardiac and in the spared extraocular muscles (EOM) of control and mdx mice. Immunoblotting analysis showed a significant increase of the proteins in the spared mdx EOM and a significant decrease in the most affected diaphragm. Both proteins were comparable to th... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3054738 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3054738 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932983&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00670.x Understanding the dual participation of the immune response in controlling the invader and at the same time causing tissue damage might contribute to the design of effective new vaccines and therapies for Chagas disease. Perforin, a cytolytic protein product of killer cells, is involved in resistance to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. However, the contribution of perforin in parasite control and chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Perforin-positive cells were detected in the heart tissue during the acute and chronic phases of infection of C57BL/6 mice inoculated with low dose (102 parasites) of the Colombian T. cruzi strain. This protocol led to acute phase survival in both wild-type and perforin null (pfp[minus]/[minus]) mice lineages. During the chronic infection, parasitism a... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932983 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932982&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00673.x The differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumours poses a considerable challenge for pathologists, especially adipocytic tumours, as these may show considerable overlap in clinical presentation and morphological features with many other mesenchymal neoplasms. Hence, a specific and reliable marker that identifies adipocytic differentiation is much sought. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of PIM-1 kinase in 35 samples of soft tissue tumours using tissue microarray technology and 49 full sections of adipocytic (n = 26) and non-adipocytic tumours (n = 23). Benign and malignant adipocytic tumours showed strong expression of PIM-1 while the non-adipocytic tumours were either negative or showed only weak staining for the protein. In myxoid liposarcomas, PIM-1 showed a distinct, ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932982 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2932981&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00675.x Wharton's jelly is a myxomatous substance which surrounds the umbilical cord vessels protecting them against extension, bending, twisting and compression. Very low number of cells in this tissue produce high amounts of extracellular matrix; collagen, hyaluronate and proteoglycans which bind large quantities of peptide growth factors (PGFs). Preeclampsia (the most common pregnancy-associated syndrome) is accompanied by a significant reduction in hyaluronate and a concomitant increase in sulphated glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans content in Wharton's jelly. Such a phenomenon corresponds to an 'early ageing' of this tissue. We have evaluated the lipid composition of Wharton's jelly and its alteration in preeclampsia. Thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were em... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2932981 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2932981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2798845&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00682.x We examined the spatial and temporal relationship between oxidative stress and angiogenesis as well as the potential regulation of ROS in cardiac angiogenesis. We found: (i) following MI, gp91phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase, a key enzyme for ROS production, was significantly increased in the border zone at day 2, followed by the infarcted myocardium at day 4, peaked at day 7 and declined at day 14, while superoxide dismutase was significantly reduced; (ii) malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium at day 7; (iii) pre-existing blood vessels in the infarcted myocardium underwent necrosis post-MI, whereas newly formed vessels appeared at the border zone at day 4, and then extended into the infarcted myocardium, where microvascular ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2798845 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2798845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2798849&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00665.x Pterygium is a surface ocular lesion that is associated with chronic UV exposure. The primary effect is a solar actinic elastosis within the stroma. All the other changes are secondary. Pterygium is characterized by proliferation, inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix breakdown. The aim of this study was to correlate microvascular density and nerve growth factor (NGF)/NGF-receptor transmembrane tyrosine kinase (TrkA) expression in endothelial cells in human pterygium. Specimens of human pterygium obtained from 30 patients who had undergone surgical excision and of 10 normal bulbar conjunctiva were investigated immunohistochemically by using anti-CD31, anti-NGF and anti-TrkA antibodies. Results showed that endothelial cells in human pterygium are immunore... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2798849 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2798849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2798848&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00668.x A physiological atherogenic human diet consists of 0.1% cholesterol, fat, as well as high levels of methionine, which is the precursor to homocysteine. The pathological effects of a diet enriched with physiologically high levels of cholesterol, methionine and fat over a short period on the aorta are unknown. In this regard, we sought to determine the effects of a 0.1% cholesterol diet in combination with a 1% methionine over a 4-week period on endothelial function and artery pathology and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase as well as nitrosative stress by nitrotyrosine (NT), oxidative stress by heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and endoplasmic reticulum stress by glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Rabbits were fed for 4 weeks a diet supplemented with 1% methionine + 0.1% ch... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2798848 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2798848 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2798847&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00678.x In conclusion, these changes in PDE isozymes could greatly contribute to NO desensitization and to the regulation of vascular and renal function in liver cirrhosis. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2798847 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2798847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2798846&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00679.x The objective of this study was to use an in vivo bovine model to evaluate [gamma][delta] T cells during the early host immune response to mycobacterial infection. We used immunofluorescent staining, hyperspectral microscopy, and computerized assisted morphometry to evaluate staining and distribution of [gamma][delta] T cells during development of organized and unorganized granulomas. Our data suggest that bovine [gamma][delta] T cell subsets are differentially recruited to early infection sites, and may be instrumental during the initial antimycobacterial host immune response as well as for granuloma organization. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2798846 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2798846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618720&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00656.x Every year almost 500,000 new patients are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver that is associated with a poor prognosis. Numerous experimental models have been developed to define the pathogenesis of HCC and to test novel drug candidates. This review analyses several mouse models useful for HCC research and points out their advantages and weaknesses. Chemically induced HCC mice models mimic the injury-fibrosis-malignancy cycle by administration of a genotoxic compound alone or, if necessary, followed by a promoting agent. Xenograft models develop HCC by implanting hepatoma cell lines in mice, either ectopically or orthotopically; these models are suitable for drug screening, although extrapolation should be considered with caution as multiple ce... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618720 Tue, 21 Jul 2009 11:27:36 +0100 2618720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618728&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00660.x The phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, Sildenafil, is a novel, oral treatment approach for pulmonary hypertension. As Leydig cells present PDE5, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the chronic treatment with Sildenafil (25 mg/kg) on male Swiss Webster mice steroidogenesis. After a 4-week long experimental design, Leydig cells were analysed by morphological and immunocytochemical procedures. Serum testosterone was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Leydig cells presented noteworthy ultrastructural alterations, such as a vesicular smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large vacuoles scattered through the cytoplasm, enlarged mitochondria with discontinue cristaes and whorle membranes with vesicles at the periphery, which are typical characteristics of an activated steroid-secreti... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618728 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618727&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00650.x Schistosoma haematobium is endemic in several regions of Africa and has been shown to be associated with predominantly squamous cell bladder carcinoma. The mechanisms underlying the association between S. haematobium and bladder squamous cell carcinoma is largely unknown. All the reports so far, demonstrate exclusively an epidemiological evidence linking S. haematobium infection with squamous cell bladder carcinoma. We hypothesized that these parasite antigens might induce tumourigenesis. For this, we used normal mammalian cells of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and treated the cells in culture with S. haematobium total antigen (Sh). Our results showed increased proliferation in Sh-treated cells in comparison with the controls. The CHO cells exposed to Sh were inoculated subcutaneously into m... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618727 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618726&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00645.x The present investigation is an attempt to determine the occurrence, elemental composition and formation of microliths in the parotid of ferret. Parotids from four normal ferrets were examined by electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Crystalline microliths were found in phagosomes of acinar cells, which occasionally contained secretory material, and in phagosomes situated between mitochondria of striated ductal cells. Crystalline microliths and microliths that consisted of granular material either without crystals or mixed with a component of crystals were found in lumina, where they were often associated with cellular debris. The crystals contained calcium and phosphorus. Phagy and stagnation related to pockets of inefficient secretory activity have been previously found to be feat... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618726 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618725&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00643.x This study shows that neonatal lambs can be infected with RSV strain A2 and the pulmonary pathology mimics that of RSV infection in human infants thereby making the neonatal lamb a useful animal model to study disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. RSV infection induces increased expression of surfactant proteins A and D in lambs, which may also be an important feature of infection in newborn infants. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618725 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618724&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00639.x In conclusion, the present data set Alrp, as a factor associated with mitochondria also in human tissue, call for future studies aimed at establishing Alrp as an important factor involved in the molecular events that trigger neuromuscular diseases. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618724 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618723&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00662.x Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread disease with high morbidity and health care costs. An experimental animal model was employed, using morphological and biochemical methods, to investigate the effects of DM on the expression and compartmentation of salivary gland proteins. The distribution of proline-rich proteins (PRP), submandibular mucin (Muc10) and the regulatory (RI and RII) subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type I and type II was determined in the parotid and submandibular (SMG) glands of rats treated with streptozotocin. Quantitative immunocytochemistry of secretory granules in diabetic glands revealed decreases of 30% for PRP in both the parotid and SMG, and a 40% decrease in Muc10 in the SMG. Immunogold labelling showed that RII decreased in nuclei and the cytopl... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618723 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618722&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00657.x Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is an important process involved in prostate cancer progression. Alterations in ECM caused by diabetes in different tissues such as kidney is well described; however, it is poorly investigated in prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in ECM of rat prostate showing gland atrophy caused by diabetes and their implications in development of malignant lesions. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using alloxan (45 mg/kg bw). After 90 days of diabetes onset, animals were killed and ventral prostate was removed and prepared for light microscopy following immunoreaction for fibronectin, chondroitin sulphate and Picrossirius staining for collagen fibres. Proteoglycans (PG) were identified at transmission electron microscopy after fixation with... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618722 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2618721&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00638.x The cytosolic cysteine protease calpain is implicated in a multitude of cellular functions but also plays a role in cell damage. Our previous results suggest that an activation of calpain accompanied by a decrease in its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin may contribute to pancreatic damage during cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The present study aimed at the time course of secretagogue-induced calpain activation and cellular substrates of the protease. Isolated rat pancreatic acini were incubated with a supramaximal concentration of cholecystokinin (0.1 [mu]M CCK) for 30 min in the presence or absence of the calpain inhibitor Z-Val-Phe methyl ester (100 [mu]M ZVP). The activation of calpain and the expression of calpastatin and the actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins [alpha]II-spect... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2618721 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2618721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409620&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2008.00633.x The study of angiogenesis has grown exponentially over the past 40 years with the recognition that angiogenesis is essential for numerous pathologies and, more recently, with the advent of successful drugs to inhibit angiogenesis in tumours. The main problem with angiogenesis research remains the choice of appropriate assays to evaluate the efficacy of potential new drugs and to identify potential targets within the angiogenic process. This selection is made more complex by the recognition that heterogeneity occurs, not only within the endothelial cells themselves, but also within the specific microenvironment to be studied. Thus, it is essential to choose the assay conditions and cell types that most closely resemble the angiogenic disease being studied. This is especially important when ... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409620 Fri, 15 May 2009 17:38:27 +0100 2409620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409633&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00672.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409633 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409632&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00659.x Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of heart failure. Recently cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were proposed as the most appropriate cell type for heart disease therapy. However, it is still unclear whether I/R can stimulate the CSCs homing to the injured myocardium. Male Sprague[ndash]Dawley rats were subjected to a 30-min ischaemia followed by reperfusion of different intervals. RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect stem cell factor (SCF) expression at mRNA and protein levels respectively. Activation of nuclear factor-[kappa]B (NF-[kappa]B) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. To assess the homing of CSCs in vivo, BrdU-labelled CSCs were injected into AV-groove before induction of ischaemia and examined by immunofluorescent stain... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409632 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409631&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00642.x This study revealed a significant difference of ADAM-15 expression in rat MI and indicated that ADAM-15 maybe one of the important factors involved in inflammatory response and cardiac remodelling of rat MI. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409631 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409630&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00647.x In previous experiments, we observed signs of cardiac failure in mice overexpressing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) under the control of a muscle specific promotor and in peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPAR[alpha]) knockout mice overexpressing LPL under the control of the same promotor. In our current investigations, we focussed on morphological consequences and changes in mRNA and protein expression in hearts from these animals. mRNA expression was analysed by differential display analysis and Northern blot as well as by cDNA microarray analysis followed by pathway analysis. Protein expression was examined using immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. Fibrosis was determined by chromotrope aniline blue staining for collagen. A distinct increase in the expression of [alpha]-tubu... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409630 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409629&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00648.x Neo-intima development and atherosclerosis limit long-term vein graft use for revascularization of ischaemic tissues. Using a rat model, which is technically less challenging than smaller rodents, we provide evidence that the temporal morphological, cellular, and key molecular events during vein arterialization resemble the human vein graft adaptation. Right jugular vein was surgically connected to carotid artery and observed up to 90 days. Morphometry demonstrated gradual thickening of the medial layer and important formation of neo-intima with deposition of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the subendothelial layer from day 7 onwards. Transmission electron microscopy showed that SMCs switch from the contractile to synthetic phenotype on day 3 and new elastic lamellae formation occurs from day... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409629 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409628&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00658.x This study was performed to examine the effects of repeatedly heated palm oil mixed with 2% cholesterol diet on atherosclerosis in oestrogen-deficient postmenopausal rats. Ovariectomy causes disruption of tunica intima layer of the rat aorta simulating a postmenopausal condition in females. Twenty-four ovariectomized female Sprague[ndash]Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received 2% cholesterol diet without palm oil. A diet with 2% cholesterol content fortified with fresh, once-heated and five-times-heated palm oil was given to the other treatment groups. The rats were sacrificed at the end of 4 months of study and the aortic arch tissue was processed for histomorphometry and electron microscopy. On observation, there was disruption of the intimal layer of the ov... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409628 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409627&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00649.x The role of homocysteine, or its precursor methionine, in the formation of fibrous caps and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is unclear. Homocysteine can stimulate collagen accumulation and upregulate the ER stress chaperone glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78). The aim of this study was to determine if high dietary methionine would increase fibrous caps, and that removal of an atherogenic diet would decrease the amount of ER stressed cells. New Zealand white rabbits were fed for 2, 4, or 12 weeks an atherogenic diet [1% methionine + 0.5% cholesterol (2MC, 4MC or 12MC)]; for 4 or 12 weeks a 0.5% cholesterol diet (4Ch, 12Ch); and to study plaque regression, an MC diet for 2 or 4 weeks accompanied by 10 weeks of a normal diet (2MCr, 4MCr). Endothelial function, atherosc... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409627 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409626&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2008.00630.x We have used an experimental model of aorta stenosis, with a Plexiglas plug, simulating a stable atheromatous plaque that promotes local turbulence and thrombosis. With animal survival of more than 24 h, we followed the partial fibrinolysis of the thrombus as well as its posterior organization and incorporation to the arterial wall as a neointima for up to 30 days. The mushroom plug form permitted the development of recirculation and stasis areas around it, favouring this evolution. Despite noted limitations, this study demonstrates that thrombus incorporation can contribute to plaque extension, as it can promote recirculation and stasis areas. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409626 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409625&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00651.x Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) are a relatively new group of 'vascular targeting' agents that exhibit selective activity against established tumour vascular networks, causing severe interruption of tumour blood flow and necrosis to the tumour mass. Microtubule depolymerizing agents form by far the largest group of small molecular weight VDAs many of which, including lead compound disodium combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA-4-P), are under clinical development for cancer. Although distinct from the angiogenesis inhibitors, VDAs can also interfere with angiogenesis and therefore constitute a potential group of novel drugs for the treatment of pathological conditions characterized by excessive angiogenesis, in addition to cancer. The endothelial cytoskeleton is the primary cellular targe... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409625 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409624&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00646.x Formation of the coronary arteries consists of a precisely orchestrated series of morphogenetic and molecular events which can be divided into three distinct processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis (Risau 1997; Carmeliet 2000). Even subtle perturbations in this process may lead to congenital coronary artery anomalies, as occur in 0.2[ndash]1.2% of the general population (von Kodolitsch et al. 2004). Contrary to the previously held dogma, the process of vasculogenesis is not limited to prenatal development. Both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are now known to actively occur within the adult heart. When the need for regeneration arises, for example in the setting of coronary artery disease, a reactivation of embryonic processes ensues, redeploying many of the same molecul... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409624 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409623&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00640.x The expansion of the synovial lining of joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitates an increase in the vascular supply to the synovium, to cope with the increased requirement for oxygen and nutrients. New blood vessel formation [ndash]'angiogenesis'[ndash] is recognized as a key event in the formation and maintenance of the pannus in RA, suggesting that targeting blood vessels in RA may be an effective future therapeutic strategy. Although many pro-angiogenic factors have been demonstrated to be expressed in RA synovium, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated to a have a central involvement in the angiogenic process in RA. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether angiogenesis [ndash] whether driven by VEGF and/or other factors [ndash] should be considered as a 'cau... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409623 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409622&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00669.x Psoriasis pathogenesis is closely associated with disease-inducing Th1 and Th17 cells. Yet, several studies suggest that aberrant keratinocyte or endothelial cell signalling significantly contributes to disease manifestation. Histological hallmarks of psoriatic skin include the infiltration of multiple immune cells, keratinocyte proliferation and increased dermal vascularity. Formation of new blood vessels starts with early psoriatic changes and disappears with disease clearance. Several angiogenic mediators like vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factors, angiopoietins and pro-angiogenic cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17, are up-regulated in psoriasis development. Contact- and mediator-dependent factors derived from keratinocy... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409622 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2409621&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2009.00641.x It is now well known that most malignant tumours contain a significant amount of leucocytic infiltrates the presence of which has, on many occasions, been linked to poor patient prognosis. These leucocyte populations are recruited to tumours by chemotactic factors released by either viable or necrotic tumour cells, or by cells within the tumour stroma. In recent times, most studies have analysed the role that tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) have on tumour progression. However, there is now increasing evidence to show that neutrophils also actively participate in this process. Whilst there are some data to suggest that neutrophil-derived factors can promote genetic mutations leading to tumourigenesis, or secrete factors that promote tumour cell proliferation; there is now substantial ev... International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2409621 Mon, 11 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2409621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2279521&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2008.00637.x The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex substrate that is involved in and influences a spectrum of behaviours such as growth and differentiation and is the basis for the structure of tissues. Although a characteristic of all metazoans, the ECM has elaborated into a variety of tissues unique to vertebrates, such as bone, tendon and cartilage. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular evolution of the ECM. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ECM genes represent a pivotal family of proteins the evolution of which appears to have played an important role in the evolution of vertebrates. (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2279521 Sat, 21 Mar 2009 11:11:01 +0100 2279521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2279534&cid=s_28439_32_f&fid=28439&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-2613.2008.00644.x (Source: International Journal of Experimental Pathology) International Journal of Experimental Pathology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2279534 Wed, 18 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2279534