MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Immunogenetics' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 09:43:40 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654633&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01083.x We examined single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B) gene and knee OA. We identified alleles in a VNTR region in intron 3 that was observed exclusively in women OA cases (P = 0.007, Pc = 0.042). Our results reveal that a previously unreported association between a VNTR genotype in TNFRSF11B and knee OA in women. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654633 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654632&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01086.x SummaryCytokine polymorphisms influence the outcomes of parasitic diseases and vary among populations because of their different evolutionary histories and selective pressures imposed by host–pathogen interactions. In this frame, we investigated the frequencies of TNF‐α (‐308G/A), TGF‐β1 (codon 10C/T, codon 25C/G) and IL‐10 (‐1082A/G) SNPs in 133 individuals from Ouangolodougou, a rural village in Northern Ivory Coast, where malaria and other parasitic diseases are endemic. The SNPs alleles were determined by ARMS‐PCR methodology. Allele frequencies of the SNPs investigated were as follows: IL 10 ‐1082G = 0.741 and ‐1082A = 0.259; TGF‐β1 Codon 10 C = 0.835 and T = 0.165; TGF‐β1 Codon 25 G = 0.782 and C = 0.218. For the TNF‐α gene, we f... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654632 Thu, 02 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5672430&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01094.x In this study, we aim to test the association of SNP rs13277113 and rs4840568 with the disease risk of SLE in Chinese mainland population. A total of 532 patients with SLE and 576 controls were recruited. Unlabelled probe‐based high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) was used in genotyping. HRMA with unlabelled probe successfully distinguished all genotypes. Significant differences were observed in both genotype and allele frequencies for rs13277113 and rs4840568. Minor alleles of rs13277113 (P = 4.2E‐05, odds ratio [OR] 0.66, [95% CI 0.54–0.81]) and rs4840568 (P = 7.1E‐05, OR 0.67, [95% CI 0.55–0.82]) were found to be protective against SLE. Polymorphisms of rs13277113 and rs4840568 in BLK gene were associated with SLE in Chinese population. (Source: International Jour... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5672430 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5672430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663322&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01090.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the TLR‐4 gene TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism on the development and clinical severity of urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal scar formations in children. The patients with first diagnosis of UTI (n = 112) and healthy controls (n = 93) were enrolled in the study. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was analysed in groups. The mean age of the patients in the study group was 8.1 ± 3.5 years and 9.2 ± 2.7 years for those in the control group. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was detected in 12.5% in the UTI group and in 15.1% of the control group. Forty patients showed pyelonephritis (PN) with scar tissue, 37 patients had PN without scars, and 35 patients had lower UTI. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663322 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5663322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654631&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01095.x We report the largest case–control study so far to investigate the effect of these polymorphisms in meningococcal disease (296 PCR‐positive cases and 5196 population controls, all of European ancestry) and demonstrate that no change in risk is associated with the polymorphisms overall or in any age‐defined subgroup. This finding contrasts with two smaller studies that reported an increase in risk. A systematic review of all studies of MBL2 polymorphisms in people of European ancestry published since 1999, including 24 693 individuals, revealed a population frequency of the combined ‘defective’MBL2 allele of 0.230 (95% confidence limits: 0.226–0.234). The past reported associations of increased risk of meningococcal disease were because of low ‘defective’ allele frequencie... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654631 Wed, 01 Feb 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5654634&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01085.x SummaryCrohn’s disease‐associated NOD 2 variants (Arg702Trp and 3020insC) were found to be monomorphic (wild), and 7 subjects were heterozygous for Gly908Arg SNP in 263 patients with tuberculosis, 260 patients with leprosy and 270 healthy controls residing in northern Indian states. This is the first report to suggest the minimal role of these variants in susceptibility/resistance to TB and leprosy in this population. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5654634 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5654634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642401&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01089.x SummaryHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure used to treat malignant and nonmalignant haematological diseases, congenital immunodeficiency syndromes, solid tumours and metabolic diseases. Despite its usefulness, several major complications, such as graft‐versus‐host disease, can negatively affect patients treated with HSCT. Apart from clinical factors well known to affect the outcome of HSCT, patient and donor genetics have been shown to play an important role in the susceptibility to post‐transplant complications. Histocompatibility as determined by the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system has been a major genetic determinant of the success of HSCT. Non‐HLA immunogenetics are increasingly recognized to play a part in the events related to transplant... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642401 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 17:55:19 +0100 5642401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5642402&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01088.x The objective of this study was to analyse the possible role of HLA polymorphism of chronically infected hepatitis C virus patients in the response outcome to treatment with pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin. To that end, 144 Brazilian patients infected only with genotype 1 of the virus were treated with pegylated interferon‐alpha at 1.5 μg kg−1 in conjunction with ribavirin (1000 mg if patient weight was <75 kg and 1250 mg if >75 kg) for 48 weeks. The patients did not have concomitant HBV or HIV infections or liver disease, did not undergo previous antiviral treatment, and were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment to assure they presented a sustained virological response. Patients were classified according to response to treatment in res... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5642402 Mon, 30 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5642402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5623717&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2012.01084.x SummaryGenome‐wide association studies identified many loci associated with the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Components of the interleukin‐23 signalling pathway, such as IL23R, JAK2 and STAT3, have been implicated in both diseases. In addition, emerging evidence supports the role of IL23‐driven Th17 cells in inflammation. Here, we studied the susceptibility nature of three components of IL23 signalling and Th17 cell differentiation: JAK2 rs10758669, STAT3 rs744166 and CCR6 rs2301436 initially associated with CD in Hungarian CD and UC patients. A total of 616 unrelated subjects with either form of IBD and 496 healthy controls were genotyped with PCR‐RFLP methods. We also tested the genetic interactions of JAK2, ST... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5623717 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 14:41:22 +0100 5623717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5615579&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01082.x We examined polymorphism of the VEGF +813 gene of foetuses from umbilical cord blood in 31 cases of preterm labour, 34 pre‐eclamptic and 58 healthy term labour. VEGF +813 gene polymorphisms were studied using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. In preterm group, foetal CC genotype was found at 80.6%, and CT genotype was seen at 19.4%. No any TT genotype was detected in preterm group. CC genotype of VEGF 813 gene was significantly more frequent than CT genotype (P = 0.04). Foetuses with CC genotype VEGF+813 gene have an increased risk for preterm labour. C allele frequency was 90.3 and 76.7% in preterm and control groups, respectively. T allele frequency was 9.7 and 23.3% in preterm and control groups, respectively. C allele ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5615579 Sat, 21 Jan 2012 14:19:58 +0100 5615579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5575503&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01078.x SummarySeveral studies suggest mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is associated with various manifestations of aspergillosis. MBL serum levels and function are genetically determined, but levels rise during inflammation. We address the relative frequency of deficient genotypes, the relationship between serum level and genotype and both age and disease manifestations in patients with chronic pulmonary (CPA) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). DNA was extracted from blood samples, and MBL2 genotyping was performed using the INNO‐LiPA MBL2 kit. Serum MBL concentrations were determined using ELISA. One hundred and eight patients were evaluated, 70 (65%) with CPA, 38 (35%) with allergic disease (ABPA, SAFS or undefined)... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5575503 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 17:56:49 +0100 5575503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5575504&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01081.x We report here two HLA‐B*27 alleles, B*27:86 and B*27:25, found in two Taiwanese blood donors. The new sequence of B*27:86 is identical to B*27:04:01 in exons 2 and 3, except at nucleotide 602 (A→G) in exon 3. The nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from E to G at amino acid residue 177. The sequence of B*27:25 is identical to B*27:04:01 in exons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 except at nucleotides 538, 539, 559 and 560 in exon 4. The nucleotide changes caused amino acid substitutions from L to W and from E to L at residues 156 and 163, respectively. The generation of B*27:86 was probably resulted by a point mutation while the generation of B*27:25 may have been derived from a sequence recombination event between B*46:01:01 and B*27:04:01. The probable HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 ha... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5575504 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5575504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5567024&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01080.x We report here two novel variants of HLA‐A*02 allele, A*02:319 and A*02:01:64, discovered in two Taiwanese unrelated volunteer bone marrow donors by sequence‐based typing (SBT) method. The DNA sequence of A*02:319 is identical to A*02:07 in exons 2 and 3 but varies with one nucleotide at codon 9 (TTC‐>TCC). The variation caused one amino acid substitution at residue 9 (F‐>S). On the other hand, the DNA sequence of A*02:01:64 is identical to the sequence of A*02:01:01:01 in exons 2 and 3 except a silent mutation at codon 114 (CAC‐>CAT). The probable HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 haplotypes in association with A*02:319 and A*02:01:64 were deduced as A*02:319‐B*46:01‐DRB1*04 and A*02:01:64‐B*38:02‐DRB1*16:02, respectively. (Source: International Journal of Immunog... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5567024 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 19:15:55 +0100 5567024 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5567025&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01077.x In this study, we did not find an association with TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, MyD88 or MAL/TIRAP polymorphic variants. These findings suggest that those genes are not involved as risk factors for pulmonary TB in our population. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5567025 Thu, 05 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5567025 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5567027&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01076.x SummaryWe propose a bioinformatics pipeline in which we use an ESTs database to predict and validate single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly linked to gene‐coding regions at the HLA class I genes (HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐C). Annotation originated from our analysis revealed various classes of possible new variations that may indicate possible new alleles. Thus, bioinformatics pipelines seem to be useful approaches to help screening for novel genetic variations at the HLA panel, and further analysis will foster this aim to provide celerity at the massive analysis of data currently generated in large‐scale high‐throughput experiments. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5567027 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5567027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5567026&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01079.x SummaryA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of leprosy reported four specific genetic polymorphisms of NOD2 that were associated with susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae in China. Considering the role of NOD2 in innate immune defence, we performed a study in a Chinese population to determine whether the same SNPs of NOD2 that were associated with disease caused by M. leprae were also associated with disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We performed a frequency‐matched case–control study in 1043 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 808 unaffected controls. All subjects were >15 years old and were Han Chinese from Jiangsu Province. We extracted DNA from a blood sample from each study participant. SNPs of rs3135499, rs7194886, rs8057341 and rs9302752 in the NOD2 ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5567026 Mon, 02 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5567026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510614&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01069.x SummaryThe Antemoro are an ethnic group from the southeast coast of Madagascar who claims an Arab origin. Cultural signatures of an Arabo‐Islamic influence have been found in this region. Nevertheless, their origins are very contentious. Through this study, we want to determine whether this ethnic group had a particular GM profile that differentiated it from other Malagasy populations, and whether there were detectable genetic traces of the Arabo‐Islamic migration. The Gm polymorphisms of IgG immunoglobulins was analysed in a population of Antemoro (N = 85), two other Malagasy populations from northern Fihereňa (N = 82) and southern Fihereňa (N = 50) and in a Comorian population (N = 171). This last group was used to enlarge the database for genetic comparisons. Resul... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510614 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510613&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01072.x SummaryInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a cytokine with anti‐inflammatory and B‐cell‐stimulating activity. IL‐10 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and studies have shown the involvement of IL‐10 in the atherosclerotic process. The IL‐10−1082G/A polymorphism is one of the most commonly studied polymorphisms in this gene because of its association with coronary heart disease (CHD) risks, but previous results have been conflicting. We performed a meta‐analysis using six eligible case–control studies (including 14 data sets) with a total of 5006 patients and 3968 controls to summarize the existing data on the association between the IL‐10−1082G/A polymorphism and CHD risk. Compared with the common IL‐10−1082G/A GG genotype, the carriers of variant genotypes (... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510613 Wed, 14 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491454&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01066.x SummaryTuberculosis (TB) is one of most important chronic infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains a major global health problem. In the study, we developed the DNA vaccine encoding fusion protein of antigen 85 A and 6 kDa early secretory antigen target of M. tuberculosis as well as the cytokine IL‐21 to investigate its immune protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis challenge in mice after the DNA vaccine priming and Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) boosting. Compared with the different control groups, the intranasal DNA vaccine priming twice and BCG boosting once markedly increased the cytotoxicities of natural killer cells and splenocytes and enhanced the interferon‐γ level in the splenocyte supernatant as well as sIgA level in bronchoalveolar l... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491454 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5491454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481630&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01060.x We examined single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL18 and IL18/R1 genes and knee OA. IL18 rs1946518 wild‐type allele was more frequently observed in cases (P = 0.04). Haplotype 1 was more frequently observed in cases (P = 0.04). Genetic variation in the promoter region of IL18, but not IL18R1, may be associated with OA. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481630 Sun, 04 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5481630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472824&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01073.x SummaryThe receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE or AGER), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is involved in pathologies such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Over 50 SNPs were reported for RAGE, among which were the promoter region polymorphisms −429T>C (rs1800625), −374T>A (rs1800624) and a 63‐bp deletion (−407 to −345 bp), all related to increased RAGE expression. Additionally, in the exon 3, a putative site of binding ligands, the missense variation G82S (rs2070600) was associated with skin disorders in patients with diabetes. We have determined allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of RAGE polymorphisms −429T>C, −374T>A, 63‐bp deletion and G82S in Euro‐Brazilians (n = 108) and Afro‐Brazilians (n = 91), characterized ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472824 Fri, 02 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5510612&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01074.x This study investigated the MICA and HLA‐B genes in 223 samples from leprosy patients and 201 samples from healthy individuals matched for age, gender and ethnical background. Of the patients, 153 had multibacillary, 45 paucibacillary and 25 indeterminate leprosy. The aim of this case–control study was to assess whether the MICA alleles influence susceptibility for leprosy or affect the subtype of the disease in a population of southern Brazil. There were significant differences in frequencies of the MICA*027 allele (4.7% vs 1.8%, P‐value = 0.01, OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.16–0.85) between leprosy patients and controls, and of the MICA*010 (4.5% vs 1.6%, P‐value = 0.05, OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13–0.97) and MICA*027 alleles (4.7% vs 1.3%, P‐value = 0.01; O... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5510612 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5510612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5499889&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01075.x SummaryFull‐length cDNA (435 bp) of the interleukin‐3(IL‐3) gene of the Indian water buffalo was amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. This sequence had 96% nucleotide identity and 92% amino acid identity with bovine IL‐3. There are 10 amino acid substitutions in buffalo compared with that of bovine. The amino acid sequence of buffalo IL‐3 also showed very high identity with that of other ruminants, indicating functional cross‐reactivity. Structural homology modelling of buffalo IL‐3 protein with human IL‐3 showed the presence of five helical structures. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5499889 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5499889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5491453&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01068.x SummaryThe IFIH1 gene is a key factor connecting environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of immune‐related diseases. We aimed to investigate whether it has effects on psoriasis, chronic periodontitis and skin test‐positive penicillin allergy and to confirm whether these diseases have shared molecular mechanisms originating from shared genetics. Two common variants in IFIH1 were genotyped in 561 patients with psoriasis, 421 patients with chronic periodontitis, 175 patients with skin test‐positive penicillin allergy and 1100 shared controls. Then, case–control study was used to analyse the association between IFIH1 and the three diseases. The allele distributions of rs1990760 and rs3747517 in the Chinese population are much different from the European population. The A ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5491453 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5491453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5481629&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01071.x SummarySeveral polymorphisms in the complement components factor H and CFHR1 are associated with higher risk to develop atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (aHUS) in Caucasians. We have determined the prevalence of these polymorphisms in Tunisian controls by using genetic and immunological techniques. No differences in the frequency of the factor H risk alleles c.−331C>T, c.2089A>G or c.2881G>T between Tunisian and Caucasians were found. On the contrary, the analysis of CFHR1 polymorphism revealed a higher frequency of Tunisian individuals homozygous for the CFHR1*Del (deleted) allele, and of individuals presenting the CFHR1*A phenotype. These results suggest distinct contributions of factor H and CFHR1 polymorphisms to aHUS in Tunisian and Caucasian populations. (Source: Inter... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5481629 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5481629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5472823&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01061.x SummaryThe human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system is well known for its association with certain diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, celiac disease and many others. More recently, severe and even fatal drug hypersensitivity reactions linked to particular HLA alleles have been discovered. The significance of these discoveries has led the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and its member state agencies to recommend HLA gene testing before initiation of drug treatment. To date, the following drugs have been identified as causing significant drug hypersensitivity reactions in patients who have the following HLA alleles: abacavir and HLA‐B*57:01, carbamazepine and HLA‐B*15:02/A*31:01 and finally allopurinol and HLA‐B*58:01. This review will outline and discuss these three drugs and their ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5472823 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5472823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5463647&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01063.x SummarySyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum spirochaete bacterium. The killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) gene family encodes cell surface receptors that are found on natural killer (NK) cells and certain T‐cell subsets. NK cells are fast‐acting effector lymphocytes of innate immunity that respond to infection. The activity of NK cells depends on the dynamic balance of activating and inhibitory signals that are transmitted through respective receptors including KIRs. KIR2DS4 is the only activating KIR gene in KIR haplotype A. KIR1D is a partial deletion KIR2DS4 variant encoding protein devoid of transmembrane region. Up to now, there is no knowledge of association of KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with syphilis in a p... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5463647 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5463647 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5463646&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01067.x In conclusion, we found no evidence for association between IL‐23R and AS in East Asian population. Major attention should be paid to other genes belonged to IL‐23 signalling pathway network in the future. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5463646 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5463646 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5463645&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01070.x This study suggests that variations in the innate immunity genes CARD8 (p.C10X) and NLRP3 (p.Q705K) have no effect on RA susceptibility either in the Tunisian or in the French population. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5463645 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5463645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5463648&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01064.x SummaryThere is no data available on the ABO/Rh(D) frequencies in the Mauritanian population. We retrospectively analysed records of a 5‐year database that contained ABO/Rh phenotype and ethnic origin of 10 116 volunteers giving blood at the national blood transfusion centre to derive the frequencies of ABO/Rh(D) groups in the Mauritanian population. The two race categories in the country and their sub‐ethnic groups: the Moors (whites and black) and the black Africans (Pulhars, Soninkes and Wolof) were included in this study. Globally, group O had the highest frequency (49.10%) followed by A (28.28%), B (18.56%) and AB (4.05%). This order more common in North African populations was found in four of the five ethnic groups composing our population. Allele frequencies were, respectivel... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5463648 Tue, 29 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5463648 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5446386&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01065.x SummaryAbnormal immunological responses to certain microbial agents may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). The association studies between histo‐blood group genes (Lewis and ABO blood types) and various types of infectious diseases or vasculopathy have been carried out based on the fact that glycosylated antigens could directly mediate microbial infections. We attempted to clarify the role of blood type antigens in the development of KD and coronary artery lesions in KD patients. The subjects included 164 KD patients enrolled from 1998 to 2003 (1st group), 232 patients from 2004 to 2009 (2nd group), and 223 healthy children and 118 patients with growth hormone deficiency as controls. The genotyping of the FUT2 and FUT3 genes, and ABO genotypes, was determin... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5446386 Sat, 26 Nov 2011 02:56:29 +0100 5446386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5446387&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01062.x In this study, we analysed Th1 cytokines IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, and Th2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10. The cloned cDNA of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ contained an open reading frame of 468, 501, 408 and 540 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 155, 166, 135 and 179 amino acids, respectively. Nucleotide sequence homology of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐4 was more than 98% between the African buffalo and cattle, which resulted in identical polypeptides. Meanwhile, IL‐10 gene of African buffalo and cattle had 95% homology in nucleotide sequence, corresponding to thirteen amino acid residues substitution. Cysteine residues and potential glycosylation sites were conserved within the family Bovinae. Phylogenetic analyses including cytokines of the African buffalo placed them within a clust... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5446387 Fri, 25 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5446387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5426954&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01058.x SummaryInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) mediates its broad anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects through two cell surface receptors by which binding to the IL‐10 receptor 1 (IL‐10R1) is the initial step that leads to recruitment of IL‐10R2 and initiation of the ternary complex signal transduction cascade. The duck IL‐10R1 (duIL‐10R1) cDNA was obtained by using RT‐PCR and 5′RACE. The deduced 574 amino acid protein has an amino acid identity of 62%, 27% and 28% with chicken, mouse and human IL‐10R1, respectively. Comparison of the duIL‐10R1 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed a seven exon–six intron structure of the duck IL‐10R1 gene that shares a similar size with the respective exons 1–7 of the chicken and human IL‐10R1 genes, but the avian genes are mo... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5426954 Sun, 20 Nov 2011 02:50:18 +0100 5426954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404018&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01059.x SummaryCXCL12 gene polymorphisms influence CXCL12 levels and may be associated with the outcome of host–pathogen interaction. Hence, the present study was carried out to find out whether CXCL12 gene polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Intron and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms of CXCL12 gene were investigated among 184 patients with PTB and 187 healthy controls (HC) using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods. The results revealed an increased frequency of G/A genotype of In2 +5887 [P = 0.034; odds ratio (OR) 1.66; 95% confidence intervals 1.04–2.66] and a decreased frequency of G/A genotype of 3′UTR +12197 polymorphisms (P = 0.051; OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.4–1.00) among patients than HCs. When the study ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404018 Mon, 14 Nov 2011 01:56:20 +0100 5404018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5404019&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01057.x SummaryThe great importance of the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in innate immunity is well established, but one family member – TLR10 – remains elusive. TLR10 is expressed in various tissues in several species, but its ligand is not known and its function is still poorly understood. The open reading frame of TLR10 was sequenced in 15 wild boars, representing three populations, and in 15 unrelated domestic pigs of Hampshire, Landrace and Large White origin. Amino acid positions corresponding to detected nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in the crystal structures determined for the human TLR1–TLR2–lipopeptide complex and the human TLR10 Toll/Interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) dimer. SNP occurrence in wild boars and domestic pigs was compared, and haplotypes... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5404019 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5404019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5394440&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01040.x SummaryMethods for the identification of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) have changed significantly since this group of polymorphic proteins were first characterized by serological reagents in the 1960s and 1970s. The invention and development of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been key in the progress of methods for HLA genotyping. As the complexity of HLA polymorphism has unravelled so it has exposed the weaknesses in techniques such as PCR – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and Reference Strand Mediated Conformation Analysis (RSCA), which are no longer in use today. Methods which have been considered routine laboratory tools in recent years, such as Sequence‐Specific Primer – PCR and Sequencing Based Typing (SBT) are now also threatened with extinction, not o... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5394440 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 03:27:56 +0100 5394440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372109&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01047.x SummaryMannose‐binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity. The effect of low MBL levels producing variants of MBL2 gene on tuberculosis (TB) has been controversial with some studies reporting it to confer protection against the disease, whereas others estimating a susceptibility relation. Other than conducting a case–control study to evaluate the role of MBL A/B polymorphism on TB, we conducted a longitudinal study to check whether this MBL variant can influence the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A total of 357 TB patients (286 pulmonary TB, 71 extrapulmonary (EP) TB) and 392 healthy controls belonging to same ethnicity were included in the study. We found the mutant allele ‘B’ allele confers a protective role against TB in our study pop... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372109 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372113&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01052.x In conclusion, our population genetic study describes the frequencies of MBL2 and MASP2 functional SNPs in a population from Rio de Janeiro, with the aim of adding new information concerning the distribution of these SNPs in a previously unanalysed Brazilian population, thus providing a new genetic tool for the evaluation of the association of MBL2 and MASP2 functional SNPs with diseases in Brazil, with particular emphasis on the state of Rio de Janeiro. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372113 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372112&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01054.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372112 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372111&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01055.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372111 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372110&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01053.x SummaryThe human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule with relatively limited polymorphism. The differences in allele frequency according to ethnicity and country have not been studied enough, so far. Therefore, fundamental data including allele frequencies and polymorphism are needed for studies on immunological function of HLA‐G in each population. We investigated allele frequencies and 14‐bp polymorphism of the HLA‐G in Koreans. HLA‐G alleles and 14‐bp polymorphisms were determined by sequence‐based typing analysis of exons 2–4 and polymerase chain reaction of exon 8 in 200 unrelated individuals. Genotyping analysis identified eight different HLA‐G alleles, which indicates that the Korean population presents limi... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372110 Sat, 29 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342084&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01048.x SummaryA new variant of HLA‐DQB1*04:03 allele officially designated as HLA‐DQB1*04:03:02 was detected in two unrelated Caucasoid individuals by polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primers and SBT. The new allele nucleotide sequence differs from HLA‐DQB1*04:03:01 for a single silent point mutation in exon 2 at position 159, codon 21. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342084 Fri, 21 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342086&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01049.x SummaryAs certain cytokines may play a role in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and also some cytokine gene polymorphisms may affect the level of cytokine production, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Chinese RSA and polymorphisms of the genes coding for interleukin (IL)‐1β (−31C/T, −511C/T, +3954C/T) and IL‐6 (−634C/G). Women (n = 162) with at least three consecutive spontaneous abortions and 156 ethnically matched healthy women with at least one successful pregnancy were included. Genotypes were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. No significant differences were found in the IL‐1β−31T, −511T and +3954T distributions between the RSA group and the cont... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342086 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342085&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01050.x SummaryUsing PCR with sequence‐specific primers (SSP) and subsequent sequencing of exons 2 and 3, we identified an example of B*15:33 in a likely north‐western European Caucasoid volunteer haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor. This was only the second example submitted to the IMGT/HLA database since B*15:33 was first described in 1996. B*15:33 differs from B*15:01:01:01 by three nucleotides resulting in two amino acid differences with B*15:01 (131S>R, 138T>K). This allele encodes a typical HLA‐B62 specificity – as confirmed using 17 local antisera from parous women and 19 monoclonal antibodies directed towards B15, B62 and B63 specificities. Importantly, it also reacted as a Cw5/Cw8 specificity when tested against 21 Cw5, Cw5/Cw8 and Cw8 antisera. This Cw5/Cw8 reactivity is pro... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342085 Thu, 20 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309449&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01045.x This study aimed to determine the association between three functional SNPs of BANK1 (rs10516487, rs17266594 and rs3733197) with psoriasis in Southern Han Chinese population by determining their frequency in 242 patients with psoriasis and 317 healthy individuals. The genotype frequencies of the detected polymorphisms were analysed in relation to the susceptibility of psoriasis. Our data show that there is no significant difference in genotype distribution for the three BANK1 SNPs between patients and healthy controls. The AA frequency of rs3733197 is significantly higher in patients with psoriasis onset before the age of 23 than in those with late disease onset (P = 0.0069). In addition, analysis on BANK1 haplotype also suggests a protective role for TGC and CAT haplotype from psorias... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309449 Tue, 11 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309450&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01042.x SummaryAntibodies to HLA mismatches are specific for epitopes rather than antigens. HLAMatchmaker considers each HLA antigen as a string of eplets that represent key elements of epitopes. Certain antibodies are specific for single eplets, but recent studies have demonstrated that epitopes defined by eplet pairs always involve one nonself‐eplet and a self‐eplet shared between the immunizing antigen and the antibody producer. This suggests an autoreactive component of the alloantibody response to an HLA mismatch and this report expands this concept. During B‐cell development, VH and VL gene rearrangements produce a diversity of Ig receptors that can recognize epitopes on autologous proteins. It is hypothesized that B cells carry low‐affinity receptors for self‐HLA antigens. Their i... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309450 Sun, 09 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309450 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300897&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01043.x SummaryA SNP (rs2228137) (R62W) in FCER2 has been linked with severe exacerbations in asthmatics. Transfectants expressing the SNP exhibited increased IL‐4Rα expression after stimulation through CD23 compared with wild‐type. Our data suggest that the SNP may favour increased IgE production through increased responsiveness to IL‐4 in patients possessing this genotype. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300897 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5300897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5372108&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01056.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5372108 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5372108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5342083&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01051.x SummaryAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. It is well known that genetic variability contributes to asthma risk. One of the most replicated asthma candidate genes is ORM1‐like 3 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (ORMDL3), which has been associated with childhood asthma susceptibility. Another asthma candidate gene is signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a regulator of IgE class switching. Gene coding thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), involved in chronic airway inflammation, has been associated with asthma in several genetic studies. We have studied the association of polymorphism rs4795405 in ORMDL3, rs324011 in STAT6 as well as rs8113232 and rs3786989 in TBXA2R with asthma risk, various asthma phenotypes and asthma‐related symptoms. The stud... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5342083 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5342083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5329053&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01044.x SummaryThe γ‐aminobutyrate type A receptor‐associated protein (GABARAP) is a ubiquitin‐like modifier, which is implicated in membrane trafficking and fusion events of γ‐aminobutyrate type A receptor, autophagy and apoptosis. In the present study, the gene encoding GABARAP (designated EsGABARAP) was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach and expression sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full‐length cDNA of EsGABARAP was of 457 bp, containing a 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of 77 bp, a 3′ UTR of 32 bp with a poly(A) tail and an open reading frame (ORF) of 348 bp encoding a polypeptide of 116 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 13.81 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 8.73. The deduced a... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5329053 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5329053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5309448&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01046.x In this study, we investigated the association of four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TIM‐3 gene with RA susceptibility in Chinese Hui and Han groups. Using restriction fragment length or sequence‐specific primer–polymerase chain reaction (PCR), patients with RA and nonarthritis control individuals from these two ethnicities were analysed for SNPs of −1541 C>T, −882 T>C, −574 T>G and +4259 G>T, in the TIM‐3 gene. Our results demonstrated that the polymorphisms of +4259 G>T SNP of TIM‐3 gene was associated with the RA susceptibility in both the Hui (P < 0.01) and Han populations (P < 0.05). However, the −1541 C>T and −574 T>G SNPs were distinctly associated with RA for the Hui and Han populations, respectively. In a... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5309448 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5309448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5300896&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01041.x We report a boy with clinical features of Roifman syndrome, whose older sister has skewed X‐inactivation and a milder phenotype of the same disorder, supporting the hypothesis that this is an X‐linked recessive condition. Both children had previously had a provisional diagnosis of Jeune dysplasia, and the boy had neonatal hip X‐rays which demonstrated ‘acetabular spurs’ which are seen in a number of diseases thought to be caused by dysfunction of nonmotile cilia, including Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. This finding in combination with other features such as retinal dystrophy, hepatic and renal disease suggests that the gene which is affected in Roifman syndrome may be involved with the function of nonmotile cilia and that Roifman syndrome may be the first example of a ci... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5300896 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5300896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5266820&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01039.x SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyze Killer Ig‐Like Receptor (KIR) gene polymorphisms in Roma people from Republic of Macedonia. The studied sample consists of 103 healthy unrelated individuals, aged 20–45 years. All individuals are of Roma origin, residents of different geographical regions (Gostivar, Skopje, and Kochani). The population genetics analysis package, Arlequin, was used for analysis of the data. We found that all 16 KIR genes were observed in the Roma individuals and framework genes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR‐ 2DL4, and KIR3DL2) were present in all individuals. The frequencies of other KIR genes were: KIR2DP1 (1), KIR2DL1 (0.961), KIR2DL2 (0.544), KIR2DL3 (0.874), KIR2DL5 (0.311), KIR3DL1 (0.990), KIR‐ 2DS1 (0.330), KIR2DS2 (0.553), KIR2DS3 (0.359), KIR2DS4 (0.98... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5266820 Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:36:25 +0100 5266820 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5244689&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01037.x SummaryTwo different sets of noncoding markers (microsatellites and Alu elements) from the human chromosome six were analysed in 106 individuals from Valencia (Spain), with the aim of exploring the effect of evolutionary forces on the genetic variability of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and assessing the potential usefulness of these genetic loci in phylogenetic studies. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses revealed statistically significant associations among markers located in the MHC class I region, and also between the microsatellite D6S2792 and several genetic loci from MHC class I, II and III regions. Results of the Ewens‐Watterson test indicated that only D6S2792 showed significant departure from selective neutrality. Despite the paucity of haplotype data in the liter... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5244689 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 03:34:14 +0100 5244689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5231260&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01038.x SummaryIn this work, we proposed to determine the association of the PTPN22*R620W SNP with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) in a case–control association study of Spanish Caucasian individuals. A total of 81 PAPS patients were compared with 81 blood‐donor healthy control subjects. PTPN22 SNP (R620W) genotyping was performed by using a polymerase chain reaction–restricted fragment length polymorphism assay. No statistically significant differences were found between control subjects and PAPS patients for the PTPN22*R620W genotypes (P = 0.214). No statistically significant differences were found according to either the presence or absence of antiphospholipid antibodies or the clinical manifestations associated to PAPS. Our results indicate that this functional PTPN22*R620W ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5231260 Mon, 19 Sep 2011 16:38:47 +0100 5231260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202098&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01036.x SummaryWe investigated the possible role of Mannose binding lectin 2 (MBL2) functional polymorphisms in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertensive end‐organ damage in 300 hypertensive patients and 313 normotensive individuals from Southern Brazil. Hypertensive subjects with MBL2 AO/OO genotypes presented lower C‐reactive protein levels than AA individuals and consequently lower inflammatory status. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202098 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5115534&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01032.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5115534 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5115534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5115533&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01033.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5115533 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5115533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5101777&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01026.x SummaryPolymorphisms of short tandem repeats of <10 nucleotides, or microsatellites (Msat), are largely used for post‐transplant chimerism analyses in clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Compared to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), they have the advantage of a higher degree of allelic polymorphism and thus a potentially larger degree of informativity. Msat markers contribute to approximately 3% of the human genome and have been highly informative in disease association studies, population genetics, forensic medicine and organ and HSC transplantation. They allowed to expand our knowledge of the haplotypic structure of the HLA complex, including the noncoding sequences in the MHC, and to reach a better characterization of immunological phenotypes. Among the di... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5101777 Wed, 03 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5101777 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5092697&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01028.x The objective was to analyze the possible involvement of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) −308 G/A promoter polymorphism in the susceptibility and/or the disease profile of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Egyptian patients. TNF‐α−308 G/promoter polymorphism detection by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique was carried out for 122 RA patients and 120 healthy controls. TNF‐α−308 G allele/GG homozygous genotype were higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than those in control group (P < 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant association was found between the frequency of the A allele and presence of erosion (OR = 3.42, P = 0.015). No associations were found between the distribution of TNF‐α−308 G/A alleles/gen... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5092697 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5092697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5202097&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01035.x SummaryType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a chronic low‐grade inflammatory state. SNP in Toll‐like receptor (TLR) genes has been associated with impaired inflammatory response. We genotyped the TLR4/D299G, TLR4/T399I and TLR2/R753Q polymorphisms. Low frequency was found with no association with T2D, nevertheless the TLR2 SNP was associated with lower levels in HDL‐cholesterol values. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5202097 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5202097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5136740&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01034.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5136740 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5136740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5115532&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01025.x SummaryTo more precisely estimate the association between interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk, we surveyed studies on the association of IRF5 rs2204640, rs10954213, rs729302 or rs2280714 with SLE using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to February 2011. Two investigators independently assessed the data quality and extracted the data. A total of 17 comparisons from ten relevant studies involving 6403 patients and 7475 controls were included to analyse the association between IRF5 rs2004640 and SLE risk (odds ratio, OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.49, P = 0.000). As for rs10954213, there were ten comparisons from six relevant studies involving 3461 patients and 3692 controls were included to analyse the a... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5115532 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5115532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5105662&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01030.x We report here two novel HLA‐B alleles, B*46:13:03 and B*15:189, discovered in two Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donors. The sequence of B*15:189 has a nucleotide sequence possibly derived from a recombination event between HLA‐B*39:01:01 and B*15:01:01:01, while the origin of the sequence B*46:13:03 was less obvious to postulate, considering the low frequency of B*46:13 in the general population and the silent mutations involved. Our report here adds further HLA polymorphism to the growing lists of HLA‐B*46 and HLA‐B*15 and provides an additional HLA information for donor search programme for patients undergoing transplant. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5105662 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5105662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5101776&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01029.x SummaryThe frequencies of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 alleles and haplotypes were statistically analysed among 3238 donors from Chinese Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) Jiangsu Branch. All donors were typed using polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT) method or polymerase chain reaction–reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR‐rSSOP) method. As a result, a total of 46 A, 85 B and 51 DRB1 alleles were found in Jiangsu population. The first three frequent alleles in HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 loci respectively were A*11:01(16.52%), A*24:02(15.10%) and A*02:01(13.02%); B*13:02(11.60%), B*46:01(8.89%) and B*58:01(7.12%); and DRB1*07:01(15.78%), DRB1*09:01(15.26%) and DRB1*15:01(9.76%). The top two frequent A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes wer... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5101776 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5101776 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5092696&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01031.x We report here an HLA‐A allele, A*11:90, found in a Taiwanese cord blood sample using DNA sequence‐based typing (SBT) protocol after observing an anomalous reaction pattern in a sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing exercise. The sequence of A*11:90 is identical to A*11:01:01, the most predominant A*11 variant in Taiwanese, in exon 2 but differs from A*11:01:01 in exon 3 by two nucleotide substitutions at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A), resulting R163E. In comparison with the sequence of A*11:02:01, the second most predominant subtype of A*11 in Taiwanese A*11:90 has one nucleotide difference at codon 19 (c.55A>G) in exon 2 resulting K19E and two nucleotides variations at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A) in exon 3 resulting R163E. HLA‐A*11:90‐B*40:02�... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5092696 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5092696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075039&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01027.x SummaryPolymorphisms in the CTLA‐4 gene are known to be important in several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies on the impact of CTLA‐4 +49 A/G gene polymorphism have given contradictory results. We investigated the possible influence of this polymorphism on MS susceptibility and disease behaviour in Croatian and Slovenian populations. Genotyping was performed in 367 patients with MS and 480 control subjects using PCR‐RFLP method. The G allele was present in 216 (58.9%) patients with MS vs. 282 (58.7%) healthy controls (P = 0.975, OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.76–1.32). No significant differences were observed in CTLA‐4 +49 A or G allele distribution between patients and controls, indicating that this polymorphism does not influence susce... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075039 Fri, 29 Jul 2011 23:17:24 +0100 5075039 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5075040&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01024.x In this study, the possible association of KIR genes, their known HLA ligands and compound KIR/HLA genotypes with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was assessed. Combined KIR/HLA ligand genotyping was performed by a polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific primers assay in 35 Iranian patients with AS, and genotypes were compared to those in 200 healthy individuals. The frequencies of telomeric cluster genes KIR2DL5A, KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 were significantly increased in AS patient group (Pc = 0.0082, Pc = 0.0195 and Pc = 0.0328, respectively). Conversely, HLA‐Bw4 ligand (the presence of one or more ‐B Bw4Ile80, ‐B Bw4Thr80 and ‐A Bw4 epitopes) (Pc = 0.0004) and HLA‐B Bw4Ile80 (Pc = 0.053) were less frequent in these patients. Meanwhile, compound KIR/HLA genotyp... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5075040 Thu, 28 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5075040 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5004677&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01022.x SummaryThe ageing process is very complex. Human longevity is a multifactorial trait which is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Twin and family studies imply that up to 25% of human lifespan is heritable. The longevity gene candidates have generally fallen into the following categories: inflammatory and immune‐related factors, stress response elements, mediators of glucose and lipid metabolism, components of DNA repair and cellular proliferation and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. Because of the central role of HLA molecules in the development of protective immunity and the extraordinary degree of polymorphism of HLA genes, many studies have addressed the possible impact of these genes on human longevity. Most of the data available so far demonstrated a possible role of HLA... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5004677 Thu, 07 Jul 2011 19:17:43 +0100 5004677 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4909349&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01017.x In this study, mostly weakly significant associations with homozygosities of complement allotype C7 M and inversely with factor H 402H were found, suggesting that 402Y and C7 M allotypes predispose to (typical) haemolytic uraemic syndrome. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4909349 Mon, 06 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4909349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4973864&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01021.x SummaryThe chemokine CCL5 is known to play an important role in the formation of granuloma during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Production of CCL5 is influenced by polymorphisms in the CCL5 gene. Hence, in the present study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in the promoter and intron regions of CCL5 gene are associated with susceptibility or resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis in south Indian population. Polymorphisms in the promoter (−403G/A and −28C/G) and intron (In1.1T/C) regions of CCL5 gene were studied in 212 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and 213 healthy controls (HCs). Allele and genotype frequencies of CCL5 gene polymorphisms were not different between PTB patients and HCs. When the haplotype and diplotype frequencies were compared, a significantly d... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4973864 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4973864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4958457&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01023.x SummaryWe here report detection of a novel sequence of HLA‐A*31:30 and a confirmatory sequence of HLA*26:20 from two Taiwanese individuals. The sequence of A*31:30 is identical to that of A*31:01:02 in exons 2 and 3, except one nucleotide (n.t.) substitution c.539T > G resulting in p.Leu180Trp. The sequence of A*26:20 is identical to A*26:01:01 in exons 2 and 3, except a segment of the sequence from n.t. 78 to n.t.102. The mismatched sequence segment is identical to a sequence segment of A*02:03:01, suggesting that the formation of A*26:20 was resulted from a DNA recombination event between A*26:01:01 and A*02:03:01 sequences. A*26:20 differs from A*26:01:01 with c.98A > T resulting in p.Tyr33Phe. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4958457 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4958457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4930455&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01020.x SummarySequencing‐based typing of HLA‐DRB1 gene, allowed us to characterize three new alleles. DRB1*03:55 shows one nucleotide change regarding DRB1*03:01:01G, resulting in an amino acid replacement at position 80 R > I. DRB1*11:46:02 presents one synonymous nucleotide change at codon 34 (CAG > CAA) with regard to DRB1*11:46:01. Finally, DRB1*04:92 has one nucleotide change from DRB1*04:07:01 at codon 207 in exon 4, producing an amino acid replacement (V > M) in the transmembrane domain. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4930455 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4930455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4909348&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01018.x SummaryType I interferons (IFN) are important mediators of the host defence against viruses through binding to the cell surface receptors, among which the binding to type I IFN receptor 2 (IFNAR2) is the very first step initiating a complex signal transduction cascade. By using RT–PCR and 5′ RACE approaches, we obtained porcine IFNAR2 cDNA, the nucleotide identity of its coding region is 57.53%, 67.45%, 74.07% and 74.63% to those of mouse, human, sheep and cattle, respectively; and the deduced protein of which shares 38.18%, 55.29%, 62.01% and 63.39% identity to those of mouse, human, sheep and cattle, respectively. The genomic structure of porcine IFNAR2 gene consists of nine exons and eight introns. Porcine IFNAR2 mRNA expression was detected in all tissues examined, being strong in ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4909348 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4909348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4900150&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01019.x SummaryThe P2X7 receptor, a member of the P2X family of nucleotide‐gated channels, is predominantly expressed by monocytic cells. The activation of this receptor has been associated with downstream‐signalling cascades, resulting in the release of a number of inflammatory mediators. There are more than 815 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been described in the human P2X7R gene, but only few have been functionally characterized. The main aim of this study is to determine whether P2X7R gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A total of 125 patients with RA and 158 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. DNA fragment was PCR amplified and sequenced on the AB 3130 Genetic Analyzer. No significant difference in allele frequencies of 489 ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4900150 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4900150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4882196&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01014.x SummaryThe latest data show that breast, prostate, lung and colorectal cancer are the four most frequent cancers in both sexes worldwide. A number of molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to examine the association between TNF alpha ‐308G/A and the risk of those cancers. However the results have been inconclusive or inconsistent. We then performed a meta‐analysis to derive a precise estimation of this association. We carried out a comprehensive search in Medline, EMBASE, OVID and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database for studies using related keywords. The inclusion criteria were (i) in English or Chinese; (ii) case–control study on this association; (iii) provide usable genotype frequencies; and (iv) sufficient published data for estimating an odds ratio (OR) with 9... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4882196 Tue, 31 May 2011 21:38:37 +0100 4882196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4869508&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01015.x SummaryA defect in MEFV gene expression regulation has been implicated in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) etiopathophysiology. Here we show significantly higher expression level in second exon lacking MEFV transcript in FMF patients compared with healthy controls (P = 0.026). Our results also point out a possible role of exon 2 deleted MEFV transcript in FMF pathogenesis. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4869508 Fri, 27 May 2011 21:17:30 +0100 4869508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740597&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01008.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740597 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4740597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4838090&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01016.x SummaryIn the present study, we have determined the complete genomic sequence and analysed the intron polymorphism of partial HLA‐B and HLA‐C alleles in the Chinese Han population. Over 3.0 kb DNA fragments of HLA‐B and HLA‐C loci were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from partial 5′ untranslated region to 3′ noncoding region respectively, and then the amplified products were sequenced. Full‐length nucleotide sequences of 14 HLA‐B alleles and 10 HLA‐C alleles were obtained and have been submitted to GenBank and IMGT/HLA database. Two novel alleles of HLA‐B*52:01:01:02 and HLA‐B*59:01:01:02 were identified, and the complete genomic sequence of HLA‐B*52:01:01:01 was firstly reported. Totally 157 and 167 polymorphism positions were found in the full‐length ge... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4838090 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4838090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4787102&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01011.x SummaryStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are represented by rare but life‐threatening cutaneous adverse reactions to different drugs. Previous studies have found that in a Han Chinese population from Taiwan and other Asian Countries, a strong genetic association between HLA‐class I alleles (B*15:02, B*58:01) and SJS and TEN was induced by carbamazepine and allopurinol, respectively. To identify genetic markers that covered the MHC region, we carried out a case–control association enrolling 20 Caucasian patients with SJS/TEN. Our patient series included 10 cases related to paracetamol, 7 to allopurinol and 3 to different drugs (plaquenil, itraconazol, nabumetone). Healthy controls were represented by 115 Caucasian bone marrow or stem cell donors. Th... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4787102 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4787102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4779034&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01013.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4779034 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4779034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4752108&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01012.x SummaryCoenzyme Q (CoQ or ubiquinone) is a lipid‐soluble component of virtually all types of cell membranes and has been shown to play multiple metabolic functions. Several clinical diseases including encephalomyopathy, cerebellar ataxia and isolated myopathy were shown to be associated with CoQ deficiency. However, the role of CoQ in immunity has not been defined. In the present study, we showed that flies defective in CoQ biosynthetic gene coq2 were more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections, while were more resistant to viruses. We found that Drosophila contained both CoQ9 and CoQ10, and food supplement of CoQ10 could partially rescue the impaired immune functions of coq2 mutants. Surprisingly, wild‐type flies fed CoQ10 became more susceptible to viral infection, which sugg... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4752108 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4752108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4740596&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01009.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4740596 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4740596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4730790&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01010.x SummaryInterleukin‐4 (IL4) polymorphisms (rs2243250, rs2070874) were analysed in Korean patients with ischaemic stroke (IS) (n = 119) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (n = 79), and age‐matched controls (n =267, IS; n = 401, ICH) using direct sequencing. Both single nucleotide polymorphisms and their haplotypes were associated with ICH, but not IS. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4730790 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4730790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4702488&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01007.x SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) modifications observed in blast cells in haematologic malignancies can play an important role in disease progression and its therapy. Here we describe an insertion/deletion mutation in the second exon of HLA‐B*39:01 that occurred in the blast cells of a patient with B‐ALL. This mutation was not present in the nonleukemic cells, in which HLA‐B*39:01 was normally expressed. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4702488 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4702488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4620616&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01006.x SummarySeveral cytokine genes may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to Behçet’s Disease (BD), since the cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on the cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association of the IL‐1 cluster gene polymorphisms with the development of BD was investigated in this study. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 97 patients with BD, and 77 healthy control subjects. All genotyping (IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐1R and IL‐1Ra) experiments were performed using sequence specific primers PCR (PCR‐SSP). When compared to the healthy controls, the frequencies of IL‐1Ra IL‐1α and IL‐1R gene polymorphisms were not significantly different in BD patients. The frequency of IL‐1β−511 TT genotype was higher in the BD gro... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4620616 Tue, 22 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4620616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4564626&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01004.x SummarySudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and Ménière’s disease are the most common inner ear diseases in which the causes are unknown. As recent magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated disruption of the blood–labyrinth barrier in these inner ear diseases, inflammatory reaction associated with increased permeability of the blood vessels may be involved. The genotypes of interleukin 1A (IL1A) (−889C/T; rs1800587) and interleukin 1B (IL1B) (−511C/T; rs16944) were determined using an allele‐specific primer–polymerase chain reaction method in 72 patients with SSNHL, 68 patients with Ménière’s disease, and 2202 control subjects living almost in the same area as the patients. A significantly higher prevalence of the IL1A−889T allele was observed in SSNHL and Méni�... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4564626 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4564626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4564625&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01003.x In conclusion, the successive invasions of North Africa in general, and Tunisia in particular, did not modify markedly the genetic makeup of present‐day Tunisians. With the exception of Greeks who have a sub‐Saharan genetic profile, all Mediterranean populations depict a typical mediterranean substratum. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4564625 Wed, 09 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4564625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4558336&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01001.x SummaryUsing sequence‐based typing method we discovered two new HLA‐B*40 variants, B*40:137 and B*40:158, in Taiwanese individuals. The sequence of B*40:137 has three nucleotide (nt) changes from B*40:21 at nt 353 (C→T), nt 355 (C→A) and nt 369 (C→T) resulting two coding changes at residue 94 (T→I) and residue 95 (L→I), whereas the sequence of B*40:158 differs from B*40:01:01 with five nt substitutes at nt 463 (C→A), nt 477 (C→G), nt 499 (T→A), nt 512 (T→G) and nt 527 (T→A) causing five amino acid exchanges at codons 140 (Y→S), 155 (R→S), 168 (S→T), 171 (L→W) and 179 (V→E). Our hypotheses on the generation of the two novel alleles are presented. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4558336 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4558336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4558335&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01005.x SummarySystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s‐JIA) is a rare inflammatory disease classified as a subtype of chronic childhood arthritis, manifested by spiking fever, erythematous skin rash, pericarditis and hepatosplenomegaly. The genetic background underlying s‐JIA remains poorly defined. To detect copy number variations, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis in 50 patients with s‐JIA. We found a 13‐kb intragenic deletion of CASP10 in one patient. RT‐PCR of the mRNA extracted from the patient’s lymphoblastoid cells revealed that CASP10 mRNA was truncated. Sequencing the mRNA revealed that this deletion resulted in a frame shift with an early stop codon. CASP10 is known as a causative gene for autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) type II... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4558335 Mon, 07 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4558335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4534892&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00982.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4534892 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 09:15:51 +0100 4534892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4534891&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00981.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4534891 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 09:15:49 +0100 4534891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4534890&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00983.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4534890 Wed, 02 Mar 2011 09:15:41 +0100 4534890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4516080&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01002.x This study tested 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms, including common putatively functional polymorphisms, in the genes of the alternative complement cascade (CFH, CFB, CFD, CFI, properdin, CR1, CR1L, CR2, CD46, vitronectin, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8A, C8B, C8G and C9). The study group were 434 cases with infra‐renal aortic diameter ≥30 mm and 378 disease‐free controls from two UK centres, all with self‐reported European ancestry. There was no evidence for significant association with presence or size of aneurysm following correction for multiple testing. This study suggests that variation in the genes of the alternative pathway is not an important cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm development. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4516080 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4516080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4488013&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.01000.x SummaryAn autoimmune aetiology has been suggested for endometriosis mostly on the basis of an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases in affected women. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA) 4 gene is recognized as a primary determinant for autoimmunity, since specific polymorphisms have been associated with predisposition to most autoimmune disorders. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate CTLA4 polymorphism (+49A/G) in a group of infertile women with and without endometriosis and controls. Case–control study comprising 244 infertile women (177 with endometriosis and 67 without endometriosis) and 172 fertile women as controls. CTLA4 polymorphism was identified by qPCR. The results were analysed statistically and a P‐value <0.05 was considered significant. We found rel... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4488013 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4488013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4488012&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00997.x SummaryFcγRIIA binding to IgG subclasses with different levels of affinity is influenced by the polymorphism in the gene that encodes this receptor. The substitution of arginine (R) for histidine (H) in the 131 position defines three allelic patterns, H/H, R/R, and H/R, resulting in FcγRIIA‐H/H131 affinity for IgG2 and higher affinity for IgG3 subclasses. Studies have shown the importance of genetic host factors in leishmaniasis and participation of FcγRs on the macrophage infection by amastigote forms and in the immune response to Leishmania sp. We analysed the influence of allelic diversity patterns of the receptor FcγRIIA on American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). FcγRIIA‐H/R131 polymorphism was determined by PCR followed by an allele‐specific enzymatic digestion in 88 indi... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4488012 Wed, 16 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4488012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4481301&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00999.x SummaryNew human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are assigned largely based on their sequence homologies due to lack of information on the serological reactivities. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been tested as a possible tool for helping to predict the serology of new alleles in the absence of serological information. However, an ANN analysis per se imparts no information regarding which residues are important in determining serological specificity. To address this issue, we extracted ANN weights of HLA residues. The ANN was trained using 139 HLA‐A, 302 HLA‐B and 136 HLA‐DRB1 alleles, for which serological specificities were assigned in the 2004 Nomenclature Report. When the trained ANN was evaluated using alleles that were contained in the HLA Dictionary 2008 but had not be... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4481301 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4481301 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4481300&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00998.x SummaryThe genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a 3‐year‐old patient with Blau syndrome (BS), an early onset sarcoidosis caused by mutations in NOD2, were investigated. Molecular analysis of NOD2 gene was achieved by PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing. Immunophenotyping included cytometric analysis of memory‐effector markers on T‐cells, and cytokine in serum, aqueous humour and vitreous. A novel M513R mutation in NOD2 was demonstrated. Immunophenotyping revealed higher frequency of CCR4+ cells and CCR9+ cells on CD4+ cells; most CD8+ cells were CCR7− and CCR9+. IL6 and IL‐8 were detected in a gradient manner: vitreous humour > aqueous humour > serum. The immunophenotype in this patient was characterized by a differential expression of chemokine recept... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4481300 Tue, 15 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4481300 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4458714&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00996.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4458714 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4458714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4422984&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00994.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4422984 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4422984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4417969&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2011.00995.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4417969 Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4417969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4359687&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00992.x This study reports the number of times the alleles were observed between 1993 and 2008, and the ethnicity of the donors carrying the rare or novel alleles. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4359687 Sun, 16 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4359687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4359686&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00993.x SummaryIn an attempt to clarify the issue of genetic predisposition to leprosy, we examined the distribution of class II human leucocyte antigen variants (DR and DQ) in 70 patients from around the city of Goiânia, Brazil. Only two of the patients presented the tuberculoid form of the disease, whereas 17 fell into the lepromatous category; 51 were intermediate. The allele frequencies found were compared with those in a group of 77 healthy controls. We found an increased frequency of the HLA‐DRB1*11 allele in patients with lepromatous leprosy compared with healthy controls (P = 0.0132; RR = 4.130, 95% Cl: 1.338 to 12.747). These results suggest that the DRB1*11 allele could be related with susceptibility to lepromatous leprosy in Brazil. (Source: International Journal of Immunogen... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4359686 Sun, 16 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4359686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4312815&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00990.x We report the results of a meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association scans and replication in independent sets for BANK1 and TNFAIP3 polymorphism and SLE that includes 12 416 subjects with SLE and 19 113 control subjects. Meta‐odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on random effects models. Both of BANK1 and TNFAIP3 harbour several controversial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We selected and identified three SNPs of BANK1 associated with SLE (rs17266594, P = 1.949e‐10; OR = 1.380; 95% CI: 1.250–1.525; rs10516487, P = 2.642e‐13; OR = 1.317; 95% CI: 1.223–1.417; rs3733197, P = 3.452e‐06; OR = 1.193; 95% CI: 1.107–1.286); one SNP of TNFAIP3 associated with SLE (rs2230926, P = 1.502e‐12; OR = 1.826; 95% CI: 1.5... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4312815 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4312815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4312814&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00986.x SummaryA new allele, HLA‐B*40:92, was identified in a north‐western European subject during polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific priming (PCR‐SSP)‐based typing of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors. B*40:92 differs from B*40:01:01 by six nucleotides at positions 559, 560, 603, 605, 610 and 618 in exon 3 which represents a substitution motif of at least 60 nucleotides. This motif, which occurs in numerous HLA alleles including the relatively high frequency B*15 and B*35 allele families, encode four amino acid changes at positions 163 (glutamic acid > leucine), 177 (aspartic acid > glutamic acid), 178 (lysine > threonine), 180 (glutamic acid > glutamine) and a silent substitution, conserved alanine, at codon 182. Thus, it is likely that HLA‐B*40:92 occ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4312814 Wed, 05 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4312814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4312816&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00991.x SummaryTransforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in the oncogenesis and tumour progression. However, the association of TGF‐β1 polymorphism with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible association of the polymorphisms of TGF‐β1 with susceptibility to GCA in a population of north China. A case–control analysis was performed to assess the association of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TGF‐β1 and GCA risk. The genotype and allele distributions of TGF‐β1 G−800A, C−988A, G915C and C788T in GCA patients were not significantly different from that in healthy controls (P > 0.05). The −509T and 869C allele significantly elevated the ris... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4312816 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4312816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4308325&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00988.x This study demonstrated that there was not any association between IL‐1, IL‐6 gene variants and MI in Turkish population. In addition, IL‐1 and IL‐6 gene polymorphisms did not affect MI at younger age (MI < 40) or older age (MI > 40). Thus, IL‐1 and IL‐6 single nucleotide polymorphisms may not be a risk factor for susceptibility to MI in Turkish population. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4308325 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4308325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4308324&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00989.x We examined H2AX gene expression in 25 patients. We investigated 48 healthy individuals as a control group. We did not detect any mutation or sequence variation in the H2AX gene, or any altered methylation pattern in any of the patients. Although H2AX gene expression was markedly increased (2.5‐ to 11.8‐fold) in five of 25 patients, and slightly increased (1.5‐ to 2.4‐fold) in four patients, the correlations between H2AX gene expression and the evaluated clinical features of the patients were not significant. Other potential modifier genes that might be scrutinized in AT patients include p53, 53BP1 and TIP60, as well as the genes that effect mitochondrial function and the oxidative response. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4308324 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4308324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4308323&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00985.x SummaryThe aim of the present study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the serum levels of cytokines and Toll‐like receptors as traits related to innate immunity in pig. For this purpose, serum concentration of interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 10 (IL10), interferon‐gamma (IFNG), Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) were measured in blood samples obtained from F2 piglets (n = 334) of a Duroc × Piétrain resource population (DUPI) after Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae (Mh), tetanus toxoid (TT) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) vaccination at 6, 9 and 15 weeks of age. Animals were genotyped at 82 genetic markers covering all autosomes. QTL analysis was performed under the line cross F2 model using QTL Express and 3... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4308323 Tue, 04 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4308323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280138&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00987.x SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic skin condition affecting as much as 15% of children in industrialized countries. While the underlying pathophysiology of AD is not entirely understood, several studies have suggested that AD may mediated by oxidative stress. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are a class of polymorphic enzymes that function to protect against oxidative stress. To identify any possible associations between GSTs polymorphisms and AD susceptibility, the prevalence of two specific polymorphisms –GSTM1 and GSTT1 (homozygous deletion vs. undeleted) – were quantified by multiplex PCR in 145 patients with AD and 267 healthy controls. In individuals with AD, GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms were compared with family history of AD, age of disease onset, disease sever... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280138 Wed, 22 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4280138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4252307&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00984.x SummaryMalta was under Norman rule for over 400 years and has had three major documented plague outbreaks (and a number of minor ones) since the 14th century with death tolls of 5–15% of the population at the time. This makes the Maltese population ideal for testing the hypothesis that the Black Death (particularly that of 1346–52) was responsible for a genetic shift that spread the CCR5‐Δ32 allele. By enrolling 300 blood donors to determine the percentage of the Maltese population resistant to HIV‐1 (which uses the CCR5‐receptor to infect cells), it was established that the CCR5‐Δ32 allele frequency is almost zero in third‐generation Maltese citizens and sequencing showed that the deletion observed in the region of interest is the 32‐base deletion expected. Thus, despi... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4252307 Mon, 13 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4252307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4236212&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00980.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4236212 Mon, 06 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4236212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202251&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00976.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202251 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4202251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202250&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00977.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202250 Fri, 26 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4202250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202253&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00978.x SummaryToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune mediators that stimulate nuclear factor kappa B and the inflammatory cytokines. TLR1 is expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells when the kidney is injured, but the role of TLR1 gene in glomerulonephritis has not been clearly elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association of TLR1 polymorphisms with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) in children. One hundred and ninety pediatric patients with biopsy‐proven IgAN and 283 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR1 gene [rs4833095 (missense, Asn248Ser) and rs5743557 (promoter, −414C/T)] were selected and genotyped by direct sequencing. For rs4833095, the C/T genotype in the codominant model (vs. the T/T genotype) [odds ratio (OR) = 2.... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202253 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4202253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4202252&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00979.x This report finds common ground with European studies regarding MuSK association; however similarities in association for typical early onset disease resembled HLA risk factors in East Asia and Southern Europe. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4202252 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4202252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4131212&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00975.x SummaryInterleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) is an important anti‐inflammatory molecule encoded by the IL1RN gene. The polymorphism of IL1RN characterized by variable numbers of an 86 bp tandem repeat (VNTR) sequence in intron 2 has been described. Moreover, frequencies of the IL1RN alleles vary among different ethnics. In the present study, we analysed the IL1RN polymorphism in intron 2 in 256 Chinese Han and 252 Chinese She individuals. Four alleles including IL1RN*1, *2, *3 and IL1RN*4 were identified in this study. Data revealed that the distribution of the IL‐1RN genotypes and allele was significantly different between the two Chinese populations (P < 0.001). Among them, 66.8% (171/256) and 86.5% (218/252) were homozygous for the allele IL‐1RN*1 in Chinese Han an... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4131212 Thu, 04 Nov 2010 17:46:44 +0100 4131212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4131213&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00973.x SummaryWe have sampled five different herds of caribou in Alaska to ascertain their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II diversity, and to assess whether the herds were significantly different in their MHC class II allele profiles. We complemented the MHC results with data from nine neutral microsatellite markers. The results indicate that while the microsatellites are diverse, there are no significant differences between the herds. However, for the MHC, we have shown that there is diversity at three of the four loci studied, the different herds have significantly different MHC class II allele profiles. It is also clear that although some of the herds have overlapping ranges, they are still different for their MHC class II alleles. (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetic... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4131213 Wed, 03 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4131213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4115207&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00972.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4115207 Fri, 29 Oct 2010 23:34:38 +0100 4115207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4076380&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00971.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4076380 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4076380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4064003&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00974.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4064003 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4064003 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4058952&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00970.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4058952 Thu, 30 Sep 2010 23:00:00 +0100 4058952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3985834&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00968.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3985834 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 09:39:33 +0100 3985834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3971984&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00969.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3971984 Thu, 16 Sep 2010 08:12:35 +0100 3971984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3919196&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00961.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3919196 Wed, 01 Sep 2010 08:31:16 +0100 3919196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3913982&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00967.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3913982 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3913982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3884213&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00965.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3884213 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3884213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3879736&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00962.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3879736 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3879736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3879735&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00953.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3879735 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3879735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3875314&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00963.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3875314 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3875314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3875313&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00964.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3875313 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3875313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3875312&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00966.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3875312 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3875312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3871585&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00950.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3871585 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3871585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840719&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00926.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840719 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840718&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00924.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840718 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840717&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00922.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840717 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840716&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00925.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840716 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840715&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00920.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840715 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840714&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00919.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840714 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840713&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00918.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840713 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840712&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00917.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840712 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840711&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00915.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840711 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840711 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840710&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00914.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840710 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3840709&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00913.x Summary (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3840709 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3840709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793600&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00954.x NF-[kappa]B is a B-cell specific transcription factor that plays crucial roles in inflammation, immunity, apoptosis, development and differentiation. In the present study, a novel NF-[kappa]B-like transcription factor Relish was cloned from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designated as EsRelish) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique based on expressed sequence tag (EST). The full-length cDNA of EsRelish was of 5034 bp, consisting of a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 57 bp, a 3' UTR of 1335 bp with two mRNA instability motifs (ATTTA), a polyadenylation signal sequence (AATAAA) and a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 3645 bp encoding a polypeptide of 1214 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 134.8 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793600 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793599&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00955.x Ongoing technological developments in antibody detection and characterisation allowing relative quantitation of HLA-specific antibody levels, combined with crossmatch results, now allow a graded assessment of patient potential donor immunological risk for allotransplantation, rather than a simple 'positive' or 'negative' categorization of crossmatch results. These developments have driven a thorough revision of the British Society for Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics and British Transplantation Society Guidelines for the Detection and Characterisation of Clinically Relevant Antibodies in Allotransplantation. These newly published revised Guidelines contain a number of recommendations as to best practice for antibody detection and crossmatching for the transplantation of a wide range of ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793599 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793598&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00956.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793598 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793597&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00957.x (Source: International Journal of Immunogenetics) International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793597 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793596&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00958.x In this study the 3.5% were first generation immigrants with both their parents immigrants from countries of the USSR, while 1.2% had only one immigrant parent, while the other one was Greek. We compared the frequency of distribution of blood groups ABO and Rh to previous studies conducted at a time before Greece became destination for refugees and immigrants from East and Northeast countries. Blood samples were collected from first year medical students. The frequency of distribution of the ABO and Rh blood groups was slightly differentiated in comparison to previous relevant studies. Significant increase was recorded with respect to the emergence of blood group B in the population investigated, and a considerable reduction was noted in blood group O. In reference to the remaining blood g... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793596 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793595&cid=s_33046_50_f&fid=33046&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1744-313X.2010.00959.x In this study we investigated the human leucocyte antigen-A (HLA-A), -B and DRB1 polymorphism of Native American population of Paraguay, the Guarani Indians. We found that the HLA variability consisted of 5 HLA-A, 7 HLA-B and 6 HLA-DRB1 groups of alleles and of several specific alleles (B*1504, B*3505, B*3912, B*4004, B*5104, DRB1*0411, DRB1*1413) common in other Native American populations. The comparison of the HLA polymorphism of the Guaranis from Paraguay with the «Mestizos>> of Paraguay and the Spaniards showed that the «Mestizos>> of Paraguay are genetically very distant from the Guarani Indians of Paraguay but much more close to the Spaniards. This can be explained, at least in part, by the history of the country. Our results are of importance in transplantation, in particular in ... International Journal of Immunogenetics journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793595 Tue, 27 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3793595