MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Law and Psychiatry' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 14:33:33 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3232383&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20116855%26dopt%3DAbstract This article surveys the various legislative provisions dealing with work-related stress claims in Australia and provides an analysis of their effectiveness. A range of options are presented as alternatives to the exclusion of particular forms of work-related stress claims. The use of a corporate citizenship approach to the prevention and management of stress claims is also discussed as a proactive alternative to occupational safety and health legislative provisions and the workers compensation legislative exclusions. PMID: 20116855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3232383 Fri, 29 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3232383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190119&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20080303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anckarsäter H Conforming to a medical disease model rooted in phenomenology and natural science, psychiatry classifies mental disorders according to signs and symptoms considered to be stable and homogeneous across individuals. Scientific studies addressing the validity of this classification are scarce. Following a seminal paper by Robins and Guze in 1970, validity of categories has been sought in specific criteria referring to symptoms and prognosis, aggregation in families, and "markers", preferentially laboratory tests. There is, however, a growing misfit between the model and empirical findings from studies putting it to the test. Diagnostic categories have not been shown to represent natural groups delineated from the normal variation or from each other. Aetiologica... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190119 Fri, 15 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3190119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3190120&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20079534%26dopt%3DAbstract This study highlights, the difficulties faced by correctional services workers in detecting recent depressive disorders both in men and women offenders and also difficulties to detect recent affective psychoses. PMID: 20079534 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3190120 Wed, 13 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3190120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3179654&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20074806%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The majority of advance statements contained clear information about preferences as to medical treatment. The additional requests raise questions about what is meant by treatment. PMID: 20074806 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3179654 Tue, 12 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3179654 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3167735&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20061028%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Malmgren H, Radovic S, Thorén H, Haglund B This essay first outlines a philosophical theory of concepts and then applies it to two areas of relevance to psychiatrists, especially forensic psychiatrists. In the philosophical theory, the respective roles of verbal and non-verbal definitions are illuminated, and the importance of the phenomenon of division of semantic labour is stressed. It is pointed out that vagueness and ambiguity of a term often result when the term is used for several practical purposes at the same time. Such multi-purpose uses of terms may explain both the current problems associated with the Swedish forensic-psychiatric concept of a severe mental disorder and some of the shortcomings of DSM-IV. PMID: 20061028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (S... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3167735 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3167735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3149805&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20051289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ullrich S, Yang M, Coid J Introduction of the construct "Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder" (DSPD) by the UK Home Office and Department of Health has provoked strong debate and opposition. Its aims and that of proposed subsequent legislation was to enhance public protection by identifying and detaining a minority of persons with severe personality disorder who pose a high risk of serious sexual/violent offending. The most serious criticism was the ethical implication of allowing indefinite detention of people without criminal convictions. More recently, policy emphasis has shifted towards treatment. 1396 male prisoners serving sentences of 2+years for sexual/violent offenses were prospectively interviewed (personality disorders, psychopathy, and risk) at a mean follow-... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3149805 Sun, 03 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3149805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3143328&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20045194%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, suggestions for empirical research are offered. PMID: 20045194 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3143328 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3143328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3136758&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20042239%26dopt%3DAbstract This study also examined if interpersonal violence at work is an intermediate factor in the causal chain between psychosocial risk factors at work and psychotropic drug use. A cross-sectional study was performed which included 1288 Quebec correctional officers. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire in 2007 assessing psychological demands, decision latitude, extrinsic efforts, rewards, overcommitment, intimidation, psychological harassment, social support in the actual job, psychotropic drug use during the month preceding the questionnaire and sociodemographic variables. Binomial regressions were performed for the principal associations and a bootstrap analysis was performed in order to evaluate interpersonal violence as an intermediate factor between psychosocial risk... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3136758 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3136758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3127055&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20036007%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined criminogenic need in the areas of drug use, alcohol use, mental health, and relationships, in 6453 male and 1045 female probationers, using data from the Offender Assessment System (OASys). It also examined the associations between these four areas. Females had significantly higher levels of need than males for mental health and relationships, and males had significantly higher levels of need for alcohol use. There was no group difference for drug use. For both males and females, there were significant positive correlations for scores between all pairs of needs, except for drug and alcohol use. The strength of the association between relationships and drug use was significantly stronger among females as compared to males. The results are discussed in light of the previo... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3127055 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3127055 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3069048&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19962761%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: These findings are mainly in agreement with results from other studies on seasonal variation and violent behaviour. The allocation of staff for late summer and fall might enhance the management of forensic psychiatric patients, thus leading to possible decreases in seclusion incidents. The factors affecting violent, aggressive and suicidal behaviours are complex and more investigation is needed to understand, identify, intervene and effectively reduce such behaviours. PMID: 19962761 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3069048 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3069048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3017326&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19926134%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: People with anorexia nervosa appear to agree with the necessity of compulsory treatment in order to save life. The perception of coercion is complex and not necessarily related to the degree of restriction of freedom. PMID: 19926134 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3017326 Tue, 17 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3017326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3013199&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19922999%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of a computerized battery in the assessment of inmates within the criminal justice system. Thirty male inmates were assessed. Data were compared to matched controls. The custodial sample was characterized by an increase in the prevalence of previous trauma; high levels of depression, anxiety and stress and neurocognitive deficits, including sustained attention, impulsivity and executive dysfunction. PMID: 19922999 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3013199 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3013199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3004836&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19913300%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: A more comprehensive and enforceable national mental health act is needed in order to ensure the rights of persons suffering mental illness in terms of admission and treatment procedures. In addition, more research is needed to understand how the current municipal regulations of mental health services in these cities are implemented in routine practice. PMID: 19913300 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3004836 Wed, 11 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3004836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2988846&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906429%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes the recent law reform on forensic mental health and its background in Japan, focusing on the enactment of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005. The new system-under which a person who commits a serious criminal offence in a state of insanity or diminished responsibility shall be referred by the public prosecutor to the District Court-aims to provide intensive psychiatric treatment to offenders with mental disorders, attaching great importance to their reintegration into society. The court panel, which consists of a judge and a specially qualified psychiatrist, plays a key role in the treatment procedure. Upon the agreement of the two panel members, the panel delivers a verdict that takes into account the outcome of psychiatric evaluation; possible verdic... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2988846 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2988846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2988847&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19906428%26dopt%3DAbstract This study was set up to find out whether the Finnish child and adolescent psychiatrists agree with the need for defining broader commitment criteria for minors, and why. Semi-structured, reflexive dyadic interviews were carried out with 44 psychiatrists working with children and adolescents. The data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The analysis showed that broader commitment criteria for minors were favoured referring to developmental needs related to childhood and adolescence, prevention of mental illnesses and inadequacy of descriptive diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. The commitment criteria were rather seen as too narrow for adults than as too broad for minors, and the medical rights of minors were preferred over self-determination. PMID: 19... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2988847 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2988847 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2981541&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19900708%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Allison MD, Ireland JL The current study explored the relationship between social and physical environmental factors supportive of bullying, levels of bullying and fear of bullying. Participants were 261 adult male prisoners. All completed the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Checklist-Scaled Version Revised (DIPC-SCALED-r ((c))Ireland, 2007), the Prison Environment Scale (PES ((c))Allison, 2007), and a Brief Measure of Fear of Bullying Scale (BMFBS). The PES was explored initially using 100 male prisoners randomly selected from the main sample and 100 prison officers. It was predicted that increased bullying would be associated with increased evidence of environmental factors supportive of bullying; that increased levels of fear of bullying would be associated with increased evid... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2981541 Sat, 07 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2981541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2981542&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19897248%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Juth N, Lorentzon F This text examines how conceptions of free will impact on legal systems and forensic psychiatry: free will is generally regarded as a prerequisite for responsibility, criminal responsibility included, while forensic psychiatry to a large extent deals with the limits imposed on responsibility by mental disorder. First we discuss the question of whether there is and has been such an impact. The answer is yes: different conceptions of free will have inspired different systems of law and forensic psychiatry, as becomes clear when looking at the accountability doctrine as compared to the unique Swedish system rejecting this doctrine. However, there is no necessary connection between doctrines of responsibility and conceptions of free will, since the former prima... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2981542 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2981542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2907721&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19837459%26dopt%3DAbstract This study describes personal experiences of nurses throughout the seclusion process. The emotions which came to surface in semi-structured interviews with 8 nurses were categorized in three main themes (Tension, Trust and Power) and a stress response curve was identified in the seclusion process, with specific feelings in each phase. Feelings denied in former studies such as feeling superior, anger and disgust were found in the interviews in this study. PMID: 19837459 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2907721 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2907721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2880253&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19811835%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Höglund P, Levander S, Anckarsäter H, Radovic S Swedish penal law does not exculpate on the grounds of diminished accountability; persons judged to suffer from severe mental disorder are sentenced to forensic psychiatric care instead of prison. Re-introduction of accountability as a condition for legal responsibility has been advocated, not least by forensic psychiatric professionals. To investigate how professionals in forensic psychiatry would assess degree of accountability based on psychiatric diagnoses and case vignettes, 30 psychiatrists, 30 psychologists, 45 nurses, and 45 ward attendants from five forensic psychiatric clinics were interviewed. They were asked (i) to judge to which degree (on a dimensional scale from 1 to 5) each of 12 psychiatric diagnoses mi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2880253 Sun, 04 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2880253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2866673&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19804906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alaggia R, Regehr C, Rishchynski G Immigrant women face numerous, and sometimes insurmountable, barriers in reporting and seeking services for intimate partner violence (IPV). A number of these obstacles relate to immigration laws, policies and legal processes they encounter due to their immigration status and sponsorship relationship. The present study was conducted in Canada, in an urban centre that boasts one of the largest immigrant populations in the world. Using a focus group methodology within a participatory action research framework, this investigation sought to identify factors that facilitate or impede women from coming forward and disclosing IPV, and traced their help-seeking actions. Qualitative data from helping professionals and women reveal that in cases of spo... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2866673 Fri, 02 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2866673 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2866674&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19800689%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nakhaie MR, Sacco VF This paper examines the relevance to delinquency of social capital that is directly embedded in the relationships that teenagers have with peers, parents, and those in positions of authority and those indirect social capital that teenagers may benefit due their parents' relations with their school or friends. The analysis employs data from the Canadian National Survey of Children. The study shows that personality traits are the most important predictors of property offences. Nevertheless, we also show the importance of social relationships embedded directly in individuals themselves and these are more important than those embedded indirectly through their family. Well connected youth with good friends and quality teachers commit significantly less property... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2866674 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2866674 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2866676&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19800122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Anckarsäter H, Radovic S, Svennerlind C, Höglund P, Radovic F The assumption that mental disorder is a cause of crime is the foundation of forensic psychiatry, but conceptual, epistemological, and empirical analyses show that neither mental nor crime, or the causation implied, are clear-cut concepts. "Mental" denotes heterogeneous aspects of a person such as inner experiences, cognitive abilities, and behaviour patterns described in a non-physical vocabulary. In psychology and psychiatry, mental describes law-bound, caused aspects of human functioning that are predictable and generalizable. Problems defined as mental disorders are end-points of dimensional inter-individual differences rather than natural categories. Deficits in cognitive faculties, such as attention,... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2866676 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2866676 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2866675&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19800123%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Nilsson T, Munthe C, Gustavson C, Forsman A, Anckarsäter H The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, "dangerousness" has been reworded into "risk". Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of "mental disorder" and bee... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2866675 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2866675 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857640&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19796818%26dopt%3DAbstract This article provides a concise, comparative background to the evolution of criminal insanity legislation and institutions for the mentally ill in the nineteenth century, with particular reference to Ireland and the United States. Three key themes are identified and explored: (a) the emergence of the insanity defence in the nineteenth century (e.g. the McNaughtan Rules); (b) conditions in nineteenth-century asylums and institutions for the 'criminally insane' (with particular reference to overcrowding, physical illness and asylum deaths); and (c) nineteenth-century considerations of criminal responsibility in women with mental illness (with particular reference to medical and judicial views of the relevance of menstruation, pregnancy and child-birth). These themes are explored through revi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857640 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857639&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19796819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kogstad RE Protecting human beings' dignity is a fundamental value underlying the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as several recommendations and conventions derived from this, among them the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), a declaration that also takes precedence over Norwegian legislation. Still, clients' stories inform us that their dignity is not always protected in the mental health service systems. The aim of the study has been to investigate violations of dignity considered from the clients' points of view, and to suggest actions that may ensure that practice is brought in line with human rights values. The method used has been a qualitative content analysis of 335 client narratives. The conclusion is that mental health clients experience i... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857639 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857643&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793613%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Forensic psychiatric outpatients seem to experience a relatively stable 'load' of stressful life events, that does not influence change in subjective well-being. We did not find unequivocal support for General Strain Theory. In line with the dynamic equilibrium model, forensic outpatients seemed less used to positive controllable life events, which influenced positive change in subjective well-being. In outpatient forensic treatment, attempts to limit negative life events together with enhancing behaviour which results in positive events should be targeted. This might result in better lives for patients and in reduced criminal behaviour. PMID: 19793613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857643 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857643 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857642&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793614%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Giving extra information made an extra 15% unable to choose. Clinical judgement must be exercised concerning the amount of information disclosed. Deciding what is material to the individual is arbitrary when so few items of information can be processed. Greater use of guardianship and independent second opinions is recommended. PMID: 19793614 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857642 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2857641&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19793615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dahlin MK, Gumpert CH, Torstensson-Levander M, Svensson L, Radovic S Legal research in Sweden has traditionally focused on a systematization of the legal rules and their practical application, while the task of studying the effects of the application of the laws has been handed over to other branches of the social sciences. In contrast, new legal theories focusing on proactive and therapeutic dimensions in law have gained increasing attention in the international arena. These approaches may be better suited for evaluating legislation governing compulsory psychiatric care. Theoretical discussions and studies of causal mechanisms underlying criminal behaviour, as well as the implementation and value of instruments for predicting behaviour, are relevant to contemporary criminolog... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2857641 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2857641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2753288&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19716602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beasley JO, Hayne AS, Beyer K, Cramer GL, Berson SB, Muirhead Y, Warren JI Our study examines the prior offending of 750 individuals who are known to be responsible for the abduction of a child under the age of 18 years. The first group comprised of 311 offenders (42%) who had abducted a child that was later located alive (found alive, referred to as FA). The second group was comprised of 439 offenders (58%) who had abducted a child that was either found murdered or was still missing and presumed dead (found murdered, referred to as FM). While males perpetrated the majority of the abductions, women perpetrated 31 (10%) of the offenses in the FA group and 10 (2%) of the offenses in the FM group. The average number of prior offenses as reflected in the NCIC criminal history of e... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2753288 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2753288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2692805&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19665794%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grøndahl P, Værøy H, Dahl AA About one third of defendants in homicide cases claim amnesia during the time of their alleged act. Examining the authenticity of claimed amnesia is a special challenge for forensic experts. Because the experts' conclusions have legal implications, it is useful to study the characteristics of defendants who claim amnesia regarding a homicidal act and how forensic experts assess these defendants' claims. The forensic psychiatric reports from 2001 to 2007 on 102 Norwegian defendants charged with homicide were assessed quantitatively with a structured rating form. Due to multiple comparisons p of .003 was chosen. Twenty-six defendants claimed partial and 17 claimed total amnesia. No significant differences in the characteristics of the ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2692805 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2692805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2692806&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19665229%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Diamond M A vocal segment of the population has serious concerns about the effect of pornography in society and challenges its public use and acceptance. This manuscript reviews the major issues associated with the availability of sexually explicit material. It has been found everywhere it was scientifically investigated that as pornography has increased in availability, sex crimes have either decreased or not increased. It is further been found that sexual erotica has not only wide spread personal acceptance and use but general tolerance for its availability to adults. This attitude is seen by both men and women and not only in urban communities but also in reputed conservative ones as well. Further this finding holds nationally in the United States and in widely different co... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2692806 Wed, 05 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2692806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2671895&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19647875%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Quinn A, Shera W As a result of the Youth Criminal Justice Act's increased focus on restorative justice, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of youth, many more juvenile offenders require mental health services while resident in youth detention facilities [Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002, c.1). Ottawa: Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved September 19, 2008 from http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/Y-1.5]. Several common characteristics such as violence, aggression, and other antisocial behaviors, associated with criminal behavior, have been identified among male and female offenders. Dialectical behavior therapy, originally developed by Linehan [Linehan, M. M., 1993a. Cognitive-behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guildford Press] for chron... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2671895 Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2671895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2671896&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19647319%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Woodworth M, Porter S, Ten Brinke L, Doucette NL, Peace K, Campbell MA Defendants commonly claim amnesia for their criminal actions especially in cases involving extreme violence. While some claims are malingered or result from physiological factors, other cases may represent genuine partial or complete amnesia resulting from the psychological distress and/or extreme emotion associated with the perpetration of the crime. Fifty Canadian homicide offenders described their memories of their homicide, a non-homicide violent offense, and their most positive adulthood life experience. Self-reported and objective measures of memories for these events revealed that homicides were recalled with the greatest level of detail and sensory information. Although dissociative tendencies were ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2671896 Wed, 29 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2671896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2661334&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19643478%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes Starson's situation, Ontario's law with respect to consent to treatment and relevant Canadian constitutional and criminal law. It provides an analysis of the Consent and Capacity Board decision and the court appeals. Implications from Starson's case are analyzed in relation to what happened to Starson, human rights and comparative law pertaining to involuntary patients' refusal of treatment, especially their relevance to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and laws in some other countries. Many Canadian and foreign jurisdictions where laws apparently accord with human rights codes do not allow a person to refuse the treatment required to restore their liberty. We conclude that a law that allows a person with a mental illness to be incarcerated indefinitely i... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2661334 Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2661334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2631098&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19619895%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang S, Kadouri A, Révah-Lévy A, Mulvey EP, Falissard B Once convicted, the perpetrator of serious crime embarks upon a new journey: the challenge of adjusting to long-term imprisonment. Prisoners' views of incarceration and the meaning of this experience may affect their later adjustment to life in the community. On the basis of brief narrative responses collected during an epidemiological survey of the psychological health of prisoners in France, this study examined the impact of incarceration on psychological state in a group of 59 inmates serving long sentences. Qualitative content analysis and computer-assisted linguistic analysis (using ALCESTE software) were performed on the textual data of open responses to three standard questions. Using a combination of the... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2631098 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2631098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2622734&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19615747%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Reports of lifetime violence victimization among this incarcerated sample of women were extremely prevalent and relevant to women's depression and illicit drug use. Prison efforts to address women's depression and illicit drug use may be most effective by incorporating aspects related to women's history of victimization, especially given the high rates of violence experienced by women in this sample. PMID: 19615747 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2622734 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2622734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2606576&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19596153%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Siegel A, Victoroff J The present paper reviews and summarizes the basic findings concerning the nature of the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of aggression and rage. For heuristic purposes, the types of aggression will be reduced to two categories - defensive rage (affective defense) and predatory attack. This approach helps explain both the behavioral properties of aggression as well as the underlying neural substrates and mechanisms of aggression both in animals and humans. Defensive rage behavior is activated by a threatening stimulus that is real or perceived and is associated with marked sympathetic output. This yields impulsivity with minimal cortical involvement. Predatory attack behavior in both animals and humans is generally planned, taking minutes, h... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2606576 Fri, 10 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2606576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534150&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19540592%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Victoroff J Human societies have formalized instincts for compliance with reciprocal altruism in laws that sanction some aggression and not other aggression. Neuroscience makes steady advances toward measurements of various aspects of brain function pertinent to the aggressive behaviors that laws are designed to regulate. Consciousness, free will, rationality, intent, reality testing, empathy, moral reasoning, and capacity for self-control are somewhat subject to empirical assessment. The question becomes: how should law accommodate the wealth of information regarding these elements of mind that the science of aggression increasingly makes available? This essay discusses the evolutionary purpose of aggression, the evolutionary purpose of law, the problematic assumptions of the... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534150 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534151&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19520431%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Victoroff J PMID: 19520431 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534151 Tue, 09 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534152&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19477522%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pietrini P, Bambini V PMID: 19477522 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534152 Mon, 25 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534153&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19446881%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Terburg D, Morgan B, van Honk J PMID: 19446881 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534153 Wed, 13 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534154&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19428109%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hofvander B, Ossowski D, Lundström S, Anckarsäter H Aiming to clarify the adult phenotype of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), the empirical literature on its childhood background among the disruptive behaviour disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), or hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HKCD), was reviewed according to the Robins and Guze criteria for nosological validity. At least half of hyperactive children develop ODD and about a third CD (i.e. AD/HD+CD or HKCD) before puberty. About half of children with this combined problem constellation develop antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in adulthood. Family and adoption/twin studies indicate that AD/HD and CD share a high ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534154 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534155&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19419766%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reviews the arrests of female juveniles for violent crime and then focuses specifically on their involvement in homicide. Arrests of girls for murder, unlike arrests for assault, have not risen over the last 30 years, suggesting that the dynamics that propel female juveniles to engage in lethal violence differ from those contributing to assaultive behavior by this same group. A review of the literature indicates that theories as to why female adolescents kill do not take into account recent scientific findings on brain development and the biological effects of early trauma in explaining serious violent behavior by girls. Three cases, evaluated by the authors, involving female adolescents charged with murder or attempted murder, are presented. The authors focus on the biologica... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534155 Sun, 03 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534157&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411108%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Archer J Human aggression is viewed from four explanatory perspectives, derived from the ethological tradition. The first consists of its adaptive value, which can be seen throughout the animal kingdom, involving resource competition and protection of the self and offspring, which has been viewed from a cost-benefit perspective. The second concerns the phylogenetic origin of aggression, which in humans involves brain mechanisms that are associated with anger and inhibition, the emotional expression of anger, and how aggressive actions are manifest. The third concerns the origin of aggression in development and its subsequent modification through experience. An evolutionary approach to development yields conclusions that are contrary to the influential social learning perspecti... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534157 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534156&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19411109%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Retz W, Rösler M Disruptive behavior includes psychopathological and behavioral constructs like aggression, impulsivity, violence, antisociality and psychopathy and is often closely related with diagnostic categories like conduct disorder (CD), attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASP). There is now clear evidence that neurobiological and environmental factors contribute to these phenotypes. A mounting body of evidence also suggests interactive effects of genetic and environmental risks. In this selective review we give an overview over epidemiological aspects of the relation between ADHD and antisocial behavior, including violent aggression and psychopathy. Moreover, we summarize recent findings from molecular genetic studies and particu... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534156 Thu, 30 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534159&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19409615%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Glenn AL, Raine A In the study of aggression, psychopathy represents a disorder that is of particular interest because it often involves aggression which is premeditated, emotionless, and instrumental in nature; this is especially true for more serious types of offenses. Such instrumental aggression is aimed at achieving a goal (e.g., to obtain resources such as money, or to gain status). Unlike the primarily reactive aggression observed in other disorders, psychopaths appear to engage in aggressive acts for the purpose of benefiting themselves. This is especially interesting in light of arguments that psychopathy may represent an alternative life-history strategy that is evolutionarily adaptive; behaviors such as aggression, risk-taking, manipulation, and promiscuous sexual b... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534159 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2534158&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19409616%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wahlund K, Kristiansson M PMID: 19409616 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2534158 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2534158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2310498&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19345418%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to measure the prevalence of psychopathy, and the distribution and correlates of psychopathic traits in a representative national sample of prisoners. Psychopathy was measured using the revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) in a second stage, cross-sectional survey of prisoners in England and Wales in 1997 (n=496). Poisson regression analysis was carried out to examine independent associations between correlates and PCL-R total and factor scores. The prevalence of categorically diagnosed psychopathy at a cut off of 30 was 7.7% (95%CI 5.2-10.9) in men and 1.9% (95%CI 0.2-6.9) in women. Psychopathic traits were less prevalent among women. They were correlated with younger age, repeated imprisonment, detention in higher security, disciplinary infractions, antisocial, narcissi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2310498 Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2310498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2310500&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19321205%26dopt%3DAbstract In this study, we attempted to better identify predictors of successful RTC by building upon previous research correlating increased age with decreased likelihood of RTC. We identified elderly non-demented defendants (n=31) and defendants diagnosed with dementia (n=47) from a state database of 1380 individuals hospitalized for competence restoration from 1988-2004. Using regression analysis and correcting for demographic variables and common admission psychiatric diagnoses, we studied the relationship of age at hospital admission and dementia diagnosis on the likelihood of successful RTC. Both advanced age and dementia diagnosis were associated with decreased RTC. After correcting for dementia diagnosis, increased age retained its negative correlation with restoration success. Both elderly... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2310500 Mon, 23 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2310500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289373&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19303639%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buchanan A, Zonana H An offender's punishment can be reduced when a court decides that his mental disorder reduces his responsibility for what he did. Courts have sought to establish whether a mentally disordered offender's responsibility is reduced by asking whether his disorder caused the crime. Acceptance of this "causation by mental disorder" criterion has fluctuated, however this may be because causal explanations are not the types of explanations we are accustomed to offering for the kinds of acts that bring defendants, and psychiatric witnesses, to court. More often, we offer what philosophers have called "possibility" explanations for these acts. The application of psychiatry to possibility explanations has not been widely explored. It offers the potential for the impr... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289373 Fri, 20 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289375&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19303637%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses competence in the context of capital trial cases. There are serious potential pitfalls for the client when raising incompetence and the decision to do so must be based on the specific ways in which the client's mental illness interferes with specific abilities to communicate with counsel and understand the proceedings. This article addresses counsel's duties in the context of assessing competence, but focuses on the little addressed issue of what abilities a client must have and what tasks a client must participate in so as to be engaged in a competent manner. It also discusses the types of conditions which may interfere with competence to stand trial. PMID: 19303637 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289375 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289374&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19303638%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the first national estimates of the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Asian Americans. Population estimates are based on data from 1470 Asian Americans interviewed for the National Latino and Asian American Study. Interviews were conducted in English, Chinese, Tagalog, or Vietnamese. Results suggest that rates of IPV among Asian Americans are low compared to the general U.S. population. Minor violence victimization by a current intimate partner was reported by 10.2% of women and 12.0% of Asian American men. Notably, a greater proportion of participants admitted having perpetrated IPV than having been a victim. Predictors of IPV included younger age, higher SES, alcohol- and substance-use disorders, depression, ethnicity, and being U.S.-b... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289374 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289372&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19303640%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Välimäki M, Kuosmanen L, Kärkkäinen J, Kjervik DK Cuts in resources for Finnish psychiatric care may jeopardize the realization of patients' rights in mental health settings. The right to complain is a basic right of all patients in Finland, and is especially important to patients treated involuntarily and also to those who have experienced coercive treatment methods during their hospitalizations. In Finland, a patient's right to complain is guaranteed by law, both in legislation and in national quality recommendations. The complaint process in Finland is very complex, and there are several ways to make a complaint that are not always familiar to patients with severe illnesses. Psychiatric patients may have cognitive impairments that make the formulation of... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289372 Thu, 19 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289378&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19299015%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Explanations for deviation from the standards include differing value perspectives underpinning approaches to balancing conflicting principles, failure to keep pace with changing attitudes to mental disorder, and variations in the resources available for providing treatment and undertaking law reform. Current good practice provides examples of ways of dealing with some of these difficulties. PMID: 19299015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289378 Wed, 18 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289377&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19299016%26dopt%3DAbstract This article discusses the history, wording, rationale, and implications of the ethical standard that U.S. psychologists adopted 7 years ago, particularly in light of concerns over health care professionals' involvement in detainee interrogations and the controversy over psychologists' prominent involvement in settings like the Guantánamo Bay Detainment Camp and the Abu Ghraib prison. It discusses possible approaches to the complex dilemmas arising when ethical responsibilities conflict with laws, regulations, or other governing legal authority. PMID: 19299016 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289377 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2289376&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19299017%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: We conclude by outlining a number of emergent issues relevant to the current development of new Mental Health legislation. These include: mechanisms to allow collaboration with user groups; a more consultative role for users in their own treatment decisions; formal training and support for those conducting competency assessments; and more flexible and transparent legislative frameworks. PMID: 19299017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2289376 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2289376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2222989&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19243821%26dopt%3DAbstract This study aimed to measure prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits, based on a two-phase survey using the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) in 638 individuals, 16-74 years, in households in England, Wales and Scotland. The weighted prevalence of psychopathy was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-1.6) at a cut score of 13, similar to the noncriminal/nonpsychiatric sample described in the manual of the PCL: SV. Psychopathy scores correlated with: younger age, male gender; suicide attempts, violent behavior, imprisonment and homelessness; drug dependence; histrionic, borderline and adult antisocial personality disorders; panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. This survey demonstrated that, as measured by the PCL: SV, psychopathy is rare, affecting less than 1% of the household po... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2222989 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2222989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2216969&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19237198%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Piselli M, Elisei S, Murgia N, Quartesan R, Abram KM This paper presents data on the prevalence of co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders among newly imprisoned males in Italy. Interviewers conducted semi-structured clinical interviews with n=302 male detainees seven days after their admission to the prison of Perugia from August 2005 through July 2006. Over half of male detainees (54.3%) had either a substance use disorder or another psychiatric disorder. One of every five detainees (20.9%) had comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders. Compared to detainees with psychiatric disorder only, substance use disorder only, or no disorder, detainees with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders were significantly more likely to have severe impairment in... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2216969 Sat, 21 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2216969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190981&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19217664%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The Dutch 'behavioural approach' seems to be quite accurate in detecting prisoners with psychotic disorders. Most prisoners with other mental disorders on regular wards, however, did not receive professional help. The current study suggests that self report scales such as the SCL-90 and the NEO-PI-R may be helpful in screening detainees on important DSM-IV disorders. PMID: 19217664 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190981 Thu, 12 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2190982&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19217161%26dopt%3DAbstract This article describes briefly the pre-2000 Act situation in Scotland, discusses the main provisions of the Act, reviews the use of principles in incapacity legislation in Britain, and discusses issues relating to patient welfare. The use of principles to extend patient autonomy into incapacity is demonstrated and compared with the English and Welsh Mental Capacity Act 2005 (the 2005 Act) through a discussion of how the principles in each of those Acts promotes particular ideologies of decision making. Finally, the article examines recent Scottish case law relating to the 2000 Act and discusses how the courts are currently interpreting the principles of the Act. PMID: 19217161 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2190982 Wed, 11 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2190982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2182989&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19211144%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Holland D, Ireland JL, Muncer S The current study explores bullying behaviours among adult male prisoners, examining its relationship with aggression attribution and impulsivity. Employed are two separate methods of analysis to determine how this may influence results. Participants were 102 prisoners. All completed a revised version of the Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist (DIPC-R), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale: Version II (BIS-12) and the Expressive Aggression Scale (EXPAGG). Analysis included categorical analysis with prisoners placed into one of four groups (pure bully, pure victim, bully/victim and not-involved), and factorial analysis where perpetration and victimisation were assessed as continuous variables and evidence of interactions explored. It was pr... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2182989 Mon, 09 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2182989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2173386&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19201470%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Our study provides arguments on how to alleviate insomnia in prison: changing conditions of imprisonment is of public health benefit. Increased opportunities to practice sports in prison as well as adequate care for medical problems and psychological support to reduce context related stress should be routinely offered to insomniac prisoners. PMID: 19201470 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2173386 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2173386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2173388&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19200599%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Lay people in France are influenced by situational factors when deciding if a psychiatrist should break confidentiality to protect a patient's wife. PMID: 19200599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2173388 Thu, 05 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2173388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2173387&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19201026%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sly KA, Sharples J, Lewin TJ, Bench CJ Court liaison and diversion services come in a variety of forms, but the similarities and differences between these services are not well characterized. Findings from a six-year audit of the Newcastle (Australia) Mental Health Court Liaison (MHCL) service are reported, including client characteristics, offence and service contact profiles, court outcomes, and interrelationships among these variables. During the audit period, there were 2383 service episodes by 1858 clients (1478 males, 380 females). Drug and alcohol disorders (40.9%) and psychotic disorders (17.0%) were the most prevalent mental health problems, while assault (23.1%), theft (23.1%), offences against justice procedures (15.4%), driving offences (13.4%) and malicious damage... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2173387 Thu, 05 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2173387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2061509&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19101036%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hien D, Ruglass L PMID: 19101036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2061509 Thu, 18 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2061509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2056280&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19095304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lindberg N, Tani P, Putkonen H, Sailas E, Takala P, Eronen M, Virkkunen M The rate of violent crimes among girls and women appears to be increasing. One in every five female prisoners has been reported to have antisocial personality disorder. However, it has been quite unclear whether the impulsive, aggressive behaviour among women is affected by the same biological mechanisms as among men. Psychiatric sleep research has attempted to identify diagnostically sensitive and specific sleep patterns associated with particular disorders. Most psychiatric disorders are typically characterized by a severe sleep disturbance associated with decreased amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS), the physiologically significant, refreshing part of sleep. Among men with antisocial behaviour with seve... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2056280 Tue, 16 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2056280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047535&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19081629%26dopt%3DAbstract DISCUSSION: Female forensic patients represent a highly selected subgroup of women with exceptional clinical and behavioural challenges and associated treatment needs. PMID: 19081629 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047535 Tue, 09 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2047535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2047534&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19081630%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines mental disorder in women who are violent in order comment on its relevance to the practice of violence risk assessment and management. A sample of 95 violent women in high secure prison and forensic psychiatric care were assessed. Structured assessments of Axis I and II mental disorders and psychopathy were undertaken on all women and conviction histories were recorded. Very high levels of psychiatric morbidity were noted and patterns in comorbidity were detected. Among Axis I conditions, psychotic disorders and disorders of mood co-occurred at a very high rate. Among the Axis II conditions, dimensional ratings of borderline personality disorder (PD) correlated with dimensional ratings of avoidant, dependent and paranoid PDs while ratings of antisocial PD correlated wit... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2047534 Tue, 09 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2047534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2027733&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19064289%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warren JI, South SC The psychometric properties and structure of the Cluster B Personality Disorder criteria (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic) are examined in a sample of 261 female inmates using a self-report screen followed by a full diagnostic interview. The results of the structural analyses in this sample demonstrated good internal consistency and convergence, but poor discriminant validity between disorders. An exploratory factor analysis found that the structure of these disorders was best accounted for by a four-factor solution that paralleled the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) classification scheme with some significant and notable exceptions. Using the factor scores generated from the factor analysis, the personality pro... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2027733 Sun, 07 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2027733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2027734&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19064288%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Taylor PJ, Bragado-Jimenez MD Psychosis confers a disproportionate risk of violence on women compared with men, but such women barely affect national crime statistics anywhere. Much research in the field does not include women at all. In our literature review, we found that information about women, psychosis and violence generally had to be extracted from studies including women but focussing on men; not uncommonly analyses 'controlled for gender' rather than treating it as interesting in itself. A tendency for women to be older than men at onset of psychosis may not apply to those who become violent, but women with psychosis do seem to start offending later and desist sooner. Rates of seriously adverse childhood experiences are similar between women and men with psychosis, ex... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2027734 Sat, 06 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2027734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2027732&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19064290%26dopt%3DAbstract This article explores the phenomenon of neonaticide, the murder of an infant during the first day of life. Characteristics of maternal neonaticide offenders in industrialized countries were identified based on a systematic literature review. Neonaticides were most often committed by poor, relatively young, single women who lacked prenatal care. Efforts to better prevent these tragedies should include improved sex education and contraceptive access. Two legal responses to the problem of neonaticide, Safe Haven laws utilized in the United States, and anonymous birth options in Europe are discussed. PMID: 19064290 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2027732 Sat, 06 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2027732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018070&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19056125%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kjelsberg E, Friestad C Using results from a large Norwegian follow-up study of former adolescent psychiatric in-patients we have traced the progression from mental disorders requiring hospitalisation in adolescence to registered criminal behaviour in adulthood, particularly highlighting gender differences. A nationwide representative sample of 1095 adolescent psychiatric inpatients (46% females) was followed up 15-33 years after admission to the National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Oslo, Norway. In adolescence 45% fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for a disruptive behaviour disorder. At follow-up, 63% of the males and 39% of the females had a criminal record. Among females, psychoactive substance use disorder in adolescence seemed to be a sine qua non for later ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018070 Wed, 03 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2018070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2018071&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19054562%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Putkonen H, Weizmann-Henelius G PMID: 19054562 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2018071 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2018071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2006331&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19042020%26dopt%3DAbstract This article presents a review of studies looking at rates of ASPD and psychopathy and on the reliability and validity of assessment instruments of these disorders in women. Gender differences in symptom patterns will be considered. The literature seems to suggest that DSM-IV criteria for ASPD may lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of the disorder in women due to the requirement of childhood conduct disorder symptoms. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is a valid and reliable instrument to identify psychopathy in women but there are gender differences in the factor structure and item loadings on this measure. Research to date seems to suggest a three-factor model may be most strongly supported in females. Preliminary evidence suggests the PCL-R may have some value in predi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2006331 Fri, 28 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2006331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1952353&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18992942%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hubicka B, Laurell H, Bergman H The prevalence and types of crime offences, as well as predictors of relapse, among drivers suspected of driving under influence (DUI) were investigated. A total of 1830 Swedish DUI drivers responded to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - AUDIT. Information about previous DUI offences, other traffic offences along with other types of criminal offences was taken from a crime register. A total criminality (including all traffic offences) of 64% in the period of five years before investigation was analyzed. 40% of the sample had other criminality besides traffic violations during that period. 14.3% of the drivers relapsed to DUI in the two-year period after the investigation. In terms of DUI relapse, the following factors were the main ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1952353 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1952353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1924684&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18962894%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seeskin K This essay examines the history of the concept of mental health. Its origin can be traced to Plato, who argued that immorality is to the soul what disease is to the body. The purpose of this argument was to answer those who thought that morality is a set of social conventions, and in that sense, is contrary to nature. Plato responded by turning to those who made a systematic study of nature - the medical writers of his day - and claiming that if proper balance is needed to maintain a healthy body, the same is true of the soul. Thus the natural state of the soul is one in which the various parts agree on which should rule. This does not mean that Plato sought to excuse immoral behavior by treating it as a medical condition, only that he regarded immoral behavior as co... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1924684 Mon, 27 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1924684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915017&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954904%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kinderman P, Tai S Recent amendments to the 1983 Mental Health Act in the UK (Mental Health Act 2007) include the controversial provision for: "supervised treatment in the community for suitable patients following an initial period of detention and treatment in hospital". This provision is widespread, and more formal, in other English-speaking jurisdictions. Reviews of the international literature, human rights considerations and the perspective of psychological approaches to mental health care suggest that proposed 'supervised community treatment orders' are valuable, lawful, and compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights if certain specific conditions are met. Provisions for 'supervised community treatment orders' in the UK should be supported, but with the prov... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915017 Sat, 25 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915016&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954905%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pozzulo JD, Crescini C, Lemieux JM The present study tested the Two-Judgment Theory of Eyewitness Identification Accuracy. Specifically, the extent to which participants were able to engage in an absolute judgment strategy was manipulated by varying the time available to view a lineup. Providing a limited exposure to a lineup should "interrupt" decision making, whereby witnesses can only engage a relative strategy, thus leading to higher false positive responding given a target-absent lineup. Seventy-four adults viewed a 1-minute video that exposed them to an unknown target and subsequently viewed the lineup for a limited (2 s) or an unlimited amount of time. Although false positive rates were similar across conditions, accurate witnesses were more confident than inaccurate wi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915016 Sat, 25 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915015&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954906%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Janssen WA, Noorthoorn EO, de Vries WJ, Hutschemeakers GJ, Lendemeijer HH, Widdershoven GA The use of seclusion in psychiatric practice is a contentious issue in the Netherlands as well as other countries in and outside Europe. The aim of this study is to describe Dutch seclusion data and compare these with data on other countries, derived from the literature. An extensive search revealed only 11 articles containing seclusion rates of regions or whole countries either in Europe, Australia or the United States. Dutch seclusion rates were calculated from a governmental database and from a database covering twelve General Psychiatric Hospitals in the Netherlands. According to the hospitals database, on average one in four hospitalized patients experienced a seclusion episode. The... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915015 Sat, 25 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915014&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18954907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Waring DR There is ongoing debate about whether randomized, placebo-controlled trials under a double-blind have reliably established the pharmacological efficacy of antidepressants. Numerous meta-analyses of antidepressant efficacy trials, e.g., Kirsch et al. [Kirsch, I., Moore, T. J., Scoboria, A., & Nicholls, S. (2002). The emperor's new drugs: An analysis of antidepressant medication data submitted to the U.S. food and drug administration. Prevention and Treatment, 5, Article 23. (Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume5)], have shown a modest drug-placebo difference but methodological problems with standard trial design preclude a definitive conclusion that this difference results from specific biological effects of antidepressants or the... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915014 Sat, 25 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1915014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1833390&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18817973%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: A 15-item questionnaire to measure staff attitudes to coercion has been developed and named the Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS). The questionnaire has shown good reliability, validity and feasibility. PMID: 18817973 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1833390 Tue, 23 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1833390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1826147&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18809210%26dopt%3DAbstract This study compares prison physical victimization rates (inmate-on-inmate and staff-on-inmate) for people with mental disorder to those without mental disorder in a state prison system. Inmate subjects were drawn from 14 adult prisons operated by a single mid-Atlantic State. A sample of 7528 subjects aged 18 or older (7221 men and 564 women) completed an audio-computer administered survey instrument. Mental disorder was based on self-reported mental health treatment ever for particular mental disorders. Approximately one-quarter of the sample reported some prior treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, PTSD, or anxiety disorder. Rates of physical victimization for males with any mental disorder were 1.6 times (inmate-on-inmate) and 1.2 times (staff-on-inmate) higher than ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1826147 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1826147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1815686&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18804281%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Psychopathy should be fully incorporated into criminological investigations of delinquent and criminal careers. PMID: 18804281 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1815686 Wed, 17 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1815686 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1809925&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18799217%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Zoccali R, Muscatello MR, Bruno A, Cambria R, Cavallaro L, D'Amico G, Isgrò S, Romeo V, Meduri M The issue of the prevalence of psychiatric illnesses in Italian prison samples has not received the same attention paid at an international level. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria among an Italian prisoner population, and to examine prisoners' requests for psychiatric intervention in relationship to the presence or absence of different psychiatric disorders. One hundred forty-two Italian male subjects from the Casa Circondariale of Messina, Italy, were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Non-Patient Version - SCID I and SCID II. A very high rate of disord... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1809925 Mon, 15 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1809925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1798497&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18790535%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pozzulo JD, Crescini C, Panton T The present study examined the effect of mode of target exposure (live versus video) on eyewitness identification accuracy. Adult participants (N=104) were exposed to a staged crime that they witnessed either live or on videotape. Participants were then asked to rate their stress and arousal levels prior to being presented with either a target-present or -absent simultaneous lineup. Across target-present and -absent lineups, mode of target exposure did not have a significant effect on identification accuracy. However, mode of target exposure was found to have a significant effect on stress and arousal levels. Participants who witnessed the crime live had higher levels of stress and arousal than those who were exposed to the videotaped crime. A ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1798497 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1798497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1798496&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18790536%26dopt%3DAbstract The objectives of the present study were 1) to validate the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) in a sample of Russian juvenile delinquents; 2) to examine subgroups of delinquents with higher versus lower levels of childhood problem behaviors with respect to the APSD subscales, personality traits, and parental rearing; and 3) to attempt to replicate the previous finding that the APSD subscale measuring callous/unemotional traits can differentiate subgroups of delinquents with different precursors for problem behaviors (predominantly biological versus predominantly social). A group of 250 Russian juvenile inmates (mean age=16.4) was examined by means of the APSD completed by the staff at the correctional institution. The inmates completed several self-reports assessing their current ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1798496 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1798496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1798495&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18790537%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Decuyper M, De Fruyt F, Buschman J The validity of DSM-IV predictions [Widiger, T. A., Trull, T. J., Clarkin, J. F., Sanderson, C. J., & Costa, P. T., (2002). A description of the DSM-IV personality disorders with the five-factor model of personality. In Costa, P. T. & Widiger, T. A. (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (2nd ed.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association] concerning Antisocial Personality Disorder and the validity of the hypothesized associations between the Five-Factor Model and psychopathy were examined in 48 male forensic-psychiatric patients. Prevalence of psychopathy and comorbid personality pathology was also investigated, as well as the convergent validity of two Dutch personality disorder inventories. ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1798495 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1798495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1798498&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18789528%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Meijer EH, Verschuere B, Merckelbach HL, Crombez G Reducing recidivism is a central goal in the treatment of sex offenders. In Europe, there is an increased interest in using the polygraph ("lie detector") as a tool in the treatment and risk assessment of convicted sex offenders. This interest originated from optimistic reports by American clinicians who argued that polygraph testing in the treatment of sex offenders is akin to urine analysis in the treatment of drug addiction. In this article, we critically examine the validity and utility of post-conviction sex offender polygraph testing. Our review shows that the available evidence for the claims about the clinical potential of polygraph tests is weak, if not absent. We conclude that portraying post-conviction polygraph tes... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1798498 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1798498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1686499&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18678408%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yourstone J, Lindholm T, Kristiansson M The purpose of this study was to compare the psychosocial background of female and male perpetrators convicted of homicide in Sweden between 1995-2001. All women (n=43) who were convicted for lethal violence during the period and a corresponding number of randomly chosen men (n=43) were examined. In total, information about 86 individuals was collected retrospectively. Areas of interest were psychosocial variables during childhood and at the time of the current crime. Results showed that both female and male perpetrators were psychosocially encumbered already at an early age. Homicidal women had more severe childhood circumstances, but less aggressive childhood behaviour than did their male counterparts. At the time of the crime, women h... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1686499 Sat, 02 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1686499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1675109&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18667238%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Changing patterns of commitments in The Netherlands and England might indicate a wider European shift in diagnoses and reasons for admission of committed patients. PMID: 18667238 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1675109 Mon, 28 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1675109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1649287&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18644624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fazel S, Xenitidis K, Powell J There are 9 million prisoners worldwide, but it is uncertain what proportion have intellectual disabilities. Such prisoners have been identified as a vulnerable group at risk of victimization and mental illness. Psychiatric surveys based on interviews of unselected prison populations were sought, involving diagnoses of intellectual disabilities. The search was performed by computer-assisted searches, scanning of relevant reference lists, hand-searching of journals, and correspondence with authors of relevant reports. Prevalence rates of intellectual disabilities by gender and other potentially relevant study characteristics were abstracted from publications, supplemented by information from authors of reports. Ten relevant surveys from four diffe... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1649287 Sat, 19 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1649287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1649286&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18644625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Walsh E, Eggert LL Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents. A number of problem behaviors associated with youth suicide fall into the purview of law enforcement personnel, and they are therefore in a position to detect risk and prevent suicidal behaviors. Eight hundred one youth identified as having school difficulty, a group at increased risk for both suicide and legal problems, participated in a paper and pencil survey followed by an interview focusing on suicide risk and protective factors. Linear regression was used to examine the ability of factors within each risk and protective factor dimension to predict current suicide risk. The study goal was to determine the most relevant factors influencing suicide risk in each domain examined. Findings are discussed in... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1649286 Sat, 19 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1649286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1649285&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18644626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Derluyn I, Broekaert E Unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents are a vulnerable group: they live not only in a relatively difficult situation as minor refugees staying in another country, but also face other risks due to the absence of their parents, such as traumatic experiences, exploitation or abuse. The difficult living situation of these unaccompanied refugee children and adolescents might therefore threaten their emotional well-being, resulting in important emotional and behavioural problems. This 'psychological' perspective shows the necessity of a strongly elaborated reception and care system for these children and adolescents in order to meet their specific situation and needs. Nevertheless, the case study of unaccompanied refugee minors living in Belgium, as e... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1649285 Sat, 19 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1649285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1646326&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18640723%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Price HL, Connolly DA The influence, if any, of emotional arousal on memory is a controversial topic in the literature. Much of the research on memory for emotionally arousing events has focused on a few specific issues (e.g., differences in types of details recalled in emotionally arousing and neutral events; increasing ecological validity). Although gaining more recent attention, a neglected area in the literature has been memory for instances of repeated, emotionally arousing events. This issue has important implications for understanding children's ability to recall events in a forensic setting. We review existing findings on memory for emotionally arousing events in general and particularly in children, children's memory for events that occur repeatedly, and then discuss ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1646326 Fri, 18 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1646326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1637941&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18632154%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Watson AC, Morabito MS, Draine J, Ottati V The large numbers of people with mental illness in jails and prisons has fueled policy concern in all domains of the justice system. This includes police practice, where initial decisions to involve persons in the justice system or divert them to mental health services are made. One approach to focus police response in these situations is the implementation of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT). The CIT model is being implemented widely, with over 400 programs currently operating. While the limited evidence on CIT effectiveness is promising, research on CIT is limited in scope and conceptualization-much of it focusing on officer characteristics and training. In this paper we review the literature on CIT and present a conceptual model of ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1637941 Mon, 14 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1637941 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1518942&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18550170%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Decoene S, Bijttebier P In recent years much research effort has been directed at assessing psychopathic personality disorder in juveniles and at devising structured assessment procedures for recidivism risk. Clinicians, however, are often reluctant to incorporate this recent research into their practice. While accepting the importance of a better understanding of the development of psychopathic personality disorder, we discuss three arguments against the uncritical application of current research findings concerning the disorder and its clinical value as a risk factor. We briefly review empirical evidence for the role of the disorder in risk assessment. A developmental psychopathology argument against current thinking about juvenile psychopathic personality disorder, and a cr... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1518942 Tue, 10 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1518942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1509000&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18541299%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, the results showed that the three-factor model of psychopathy can be useful in identifying a problematic subgroup of young offenders. PMID: 18541299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1509000 Sat, 07 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1509000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1509001&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18538397%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION:: Prospective research is needed with the use of SAVRY-items to improve evidence based violence risk assessment in court ordered mental health evaluations of youngsters. PMID: 18538397 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1509001 Wed, 04 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1509001 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1500141&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18534679%26dopt%3DAbstract This study does not lend support for the use of the PCL:YV as a risk factor for girl offenders. More research is needed to understand the application of the psychopathy construct in youth, particularly in girls. PMID: 18534679 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1500141 Tue, 03 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1500141 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1488639&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18514902%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Das J, de Ruiter C, Doreleijers T In the present study, the reliability and construct validity of the Dutch version of the Psychopathy Check List: Youth Version (Psychopathie Checklist: Jeugd Versie; De Ruiter, Kuin, De Vries & Das, 2002) were examined in a sample of female adolescents admitted to a secure treatment institution (N=67). The study provides mixed support for the internal reliability of the PCL:YV in female adolescents. Interrater reliability was found to be adequate at the level of factor and total PCL:YV scores. Poor reliability was demonstrated for the behavioral items of the PCL:YV in particular. Finally, the construct validity of the PCL:YV total and factor scores was supported by theoretically meaningful and significant associations with scores on the Mi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1488639 Fri, 30 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1488639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1488638&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18514903%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Krischer MK, Sevecke K Childhood traumatization is expected to have a significant impact on the development of antisocial and aggressive behavior in adulthood. Psychopathy as a syndrome that can predict future violent and aggressive behavior in adults is therefore believed to be associated with early traumatization. The association between early childhood victimization and violence might at least be mediated through psychopathy. The present study examined the relationship between early emotional, physical or sexual trauma and neglect and psychopathy in incarcerated delinquent female and male juveniles using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL-YV). A sample of detained adolescents (n=185) was compared to adolescent students ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1488638 Fri, 30 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1488638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1488641&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18514315%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Skeem JL, Marsee MA, Cruise K, Munoz LC, Aucoin KJ, Morris AS The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth. To improve upon existing measures, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to provide an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of CU traits in samples of youth. The current study tests the factor structure and correlates of the ICU scale in a sample (n=248) of juvenile offenders (188 boys, 60 girls) between the ages of 12 and 20 (M=15.47, SD=1.37). Confirmatory factor analyses are consistent with the presence of three independent factors (i.e., Uncaring, Callousness, and Unemotional) that relate to a higher-order callous-unemotional dimension. Also, CU traits overall... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1488641 Thu, 29 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1488641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1488640&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18514316%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: van Baardewijk Y, Stegge H, Andershed H, Thomaes S, Scholte E, Vermeiren R The current article investigates whether self-reports of children provide reliable and valid information concerning psychopathic personality traits and behaviours. For this purpose, we developed a downward extension of an existing adolescent self-report measure; the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory [YPI; Andershed, H., Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Levander, S. (2002). Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: Initial test of a new assessment tool. In E.S. Blaauw, L. (Ed.), Psychopaths: Current international perspectives (pp. 131-158): The Hague: Elsevier], called the Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory-Child Version (YPI-CV). The reliability and validity of the YPI-CV were tested in n=360 children ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1488640 Thu, 29 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1488640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1480889&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18511121%26dopt%3DAbstract The objective was to examine early adolescent projective risk indicators for the development of antisocial behaviour as related to adult personality traits, psychopathy, and violent behaviour over the life span. Assessment data included Rorschach (Rr) ratings (at age 11-14 years), personality inventories (EPQ-I and KSP scales), and a shortened Psychopathy Check List (PCL) (administered at age 32-40 years), obtained from a group of 199 male subjects; and smoking habits (at age 36-44 years) obtained from 125 of those subjects. Results, controlled for intelligence, indicated that the high and very high risk groups, as determined by level of total Rr risk scores, were (1) significantly higher on self-rated IVE Impulsiveness, the anxiety-related KSP Muscular Tension, and nonconformity traits, a... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1480889 Tue, 27 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1480889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1478180&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18508122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lodewijks HP, Doreleijers TA, de Ruiter C, Borum R This prospective study examines the predictive validity of the Dutch version of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) by examining relationships between SAVRY scores and various types of disruptive behavior during residential treatment. The SAVRY, a risk assessment instrument, was coded for 66 male adolescents on the basis of file information and interviews. The adolescents were referred to Rentray, a juvenile correctional and treatment facility, by the Dutch juvenile courts because of severe behavioral problems or serious offenses. Institutional infractions were retrieved from incident registration files, which included acts of physical violence, verbal threat, verbal abuse, and violation of institutiona... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1478180 Mon, 26 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1478180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1470020&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18502508%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scholte EM, Van der Ploeg JD Characteristics associated with psychopathy were, along with the symptoms of aggressive and antisocial behaviour, rated by parents in a community sample of 2535 four-to-eighteen-year-old Dutch children in 2003. An analysis of principal components suggested two dimensions of psychopathic characteristics. The first dimension comprised egocentric characteristics and the second unemotional characteristics. Regression analyses further showed that antisocial behaviour could be predicted by egocentric characteristics, while aggressive behaviour could be predicted by the interaction of egocentric and unemotional characteristics. To avoid unnecessary stigmatisation of youngsters, it is proposed to label the egocentric dimension as the 'social detachment' fa... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1470020 Sat, 24 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1470020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1470019&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18502509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fritz MV, Wiklund G, Koposov RA, Af Klinteberg B, Ruchkin VV The purpose of the present study was a) to examine the discriminative power of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), aggressive traits, impulsiveness, antisocial attitudes and alcohol-related problems between subgroups of Russian juvenile delinquents (n=175) with low versus high levels of violent behavior; and b) to compare the predictive value of these variables in two subgroups defined by higher versus lower levels of psychopathic traits. Results demonstrated that the APSD score, traits of physical aggression and alcohol-related problems were able to discriminate between groups with various levels of violence. Furthermore, the level of violence was the only variant factor when comparing levels of psychopa... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1470019 Fri, 23 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1470019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1340882&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18374416%26dopt%3DAbstract This article addresses several interrelated issues. It strives to situate a class of offenders within the liberal state. The disposition of this class allows an analysis of the tensions in liberal theory. It highlights the ways liberalism attributes individual responsibility for criminal behavior and captures the limits of those attributions. It also reveals liberalism's shift away from models of responsibility toward the social control of deviancy. The disposition of this class points toward the therapeutic mask involved in the social control model. Further, the disposition of this class may well serve as a model for isolating and demonizing other disfavored classes, including political dissenters. PMID: 18374416 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of La... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1340882 Wed, 26 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1340882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1340881&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18374417%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Toib JA In Israeli jurisprudence there is a substantial difference towards mentally ill patients between the civil and penal law systems that goes well beyond differences required by their separate objectives. Mentally ill people dangerous to others due to their illness belong in the hospital, not in the community or in jail. The data gathered especially for this paper make it hard to escape the conclusion that contemporary practice in Israel does not accord with this objective. On the civil front, inaccuracy in predicting who is dangerous may lead to involuntary commitment of people who are not dangerous. On the criminal side, too few people are sent to the hospital in Israel and correspondingly too many to jail. Comparison with US data and practice shows that on the civil si... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1340881 Wed, 26 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1340881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1314420&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18346787%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: La Fond JQ No other country has taken the idea of the liberal state - a government that relies on the rule of law to limit state power and maximize individual liberty - as seriously as the United States. But now many states are manipulating the government's civil commitment authority to indefinitely confine sex offenders who have served their criminal sentences and are entitled to their freedom in the community. This new system of preventive detention masquerading as civil commitment poses an ominous threat to individual liberty and to the continued vitality of the liberal state. PMID: 18346787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1314420 Sat, 15 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1314420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1311430&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18343498%26dopt%3DAbstract This article concentrates on hearings in the area of psychopharmacology regarding several antianxiety drugs, namely meprobamate (Miltown), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and diazepam (Valium). In addition, from 1967 to 1973 this regulatory vengefulness occurred on a broad scale in the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI), an administrative exercise that removed from the market almost half of the psychopharmacopoeia. The article explores possible bureaucratic motives for these actions. PMID: 18343498 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1311430 Fri, 14 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1311430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1311431&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18342936%26dopt%3DAbstract This article advances a more expansive view of the state's mental health power, one which seeks to capture those exercises of state power that do not directly concern mental health but that nevertheless can have a profound effect on mental well-being. The article considers two features of contemporary American society that implicate the state in conditions that undermine, or threaten to undermine, mental health. The first concerns the impact of poverty and inequality on mental health. The second concerns the threat to the self posed by measures that would significantly erode privacy. The article argues that a greater commitment to liberal principles of equality and tolerance is crucial to overcoming the perils for mental health that poverty and losses of privacy generate. PMID: 1834293... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1311431 Thu, 13 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1311431 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1311432&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18342370%26dopt%3DAbstract This article sets out to outline the tenets of neoliberalism and globalization, prior to the identification of the implications of neoliberalism for the British health system since 1979. The article then focuses on the applications and implications of neoliberalism for the British mental health system in terms of service organization and management, and the impact these changes in direction had on the three existing service sectors: users, carers and professionals. The discussion and the conclusion highlight the significance of these developments in the mental health system in the rather hybrid context of health, mental health, and social care policy and practice in the United Kingdom. PMID: 18342370 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiat... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1311432 Wed, 12 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1311432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1303441&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18336907%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18336907 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1303441 Mon, 10 Mar 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1303441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1294697&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18329714%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fontaine RG Consistent with core principles of liberal theories of punishment (including humane treatment of offenders, respecting offender rights, parsimony, penal proportionality, and rehabilitation), progressive frameworks have sought to expand doctrines of mitigation and excuse in order to reduce culpability and punishment. With respect to juvenile justice, scholars have proposed that doctrinal mitigation be broadened, and that adolescents, due to aspects of developmental immaturity (such as decision-making capacity), be punished less severely than adults who commit the same crimes. One model of adolescent antisocial behavior that may be useful to a progressive theory of punishment in juvenile justice distinguishes between instrumental violence, by which the actor behaves ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1294697 Fri, 07 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1294697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1294696&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18329715%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grob GN Mental health policy arises out of the interaction of many different variables. These include (but are not limited to) the composition of the population of persons with severe mental illnesses; the means of dealing with disease and dependency; concepts of the etiology and nature of mental disorders; the organization and ideology of psychiatry; funding mechanisms; and existing popular, political, cultural, and professional values. But an often neglected but crucial factor in shaping policy is the very structure of the American political system, which played a crucial role in shaping mental health policy. Rather than emphasizing the neo-liberal theory and its accompanying hostility toward "unsuccessful" people and disdain of welfare, this article suggests that an underst... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1294696 Fri, 07 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1294696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1278288&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18314192%26dopt%3DAbstract This article considers whether mental health law, and its court/tribunal 'gatekeepers' have kept pace with those changes. It argues that the focus of the liberal project needs to shift to measures which will better guarantee access to mental health services, and keep a more watchful eye on both 'hidden' coercion of people on community treatment orders, and passive neglect of human need. PMID: 18314192 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1278288 Sat, 01 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1278288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1250412&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18289676%26dopt%3DAbstract This article explores what progress researchers and policy makers have made towards understanding and responding to the problem of suicidal behaviour in custody over the last 15 years. It examines current program initiatives and strategies for minimising this behaviour. This has become an imperative issue for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) as they are in the process of developing their first prison (due to open mid 2008). The authors of this article were asked to prepare a report as part of the development of the prison. In developing a prison the ACT Government wanted to learn from the experiences of other jurisdictions including international 'best practice'. Australian prison system agenda has been dominated since the 1990s by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custo... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1250412 Mon, 18 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1250412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152824&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18192016%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Studer LH, Aylwin AS The use of actuarial instruments to predict sex offender recidivism has gained increasing credibility in recent years. This paper is one in a series examining the impact of dynamic inpatient group therapy upon the predictive influence of static risk factors on recidivism among adult sex offenders. Successful completion of the Phoenix Program (Alberta Hospital Edmonton) has been shown to ameliorate the influence of static risk factors on sexual offense recidivism. Many studies have reported that sex offenders who have male victims are more likely to re-offend than those who do not have male victims. A sample of N=513 convicted adult male sex offenders was examined regarding the relationship between the static risk factor of having male victims, subsequent r... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152824 Fri, 11 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152823&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18192017%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examines the attitudes of the Greek police towards the mentally ill, and the problems that arise during the transfer of mentally ill people to psychiatric emergency departments. Results highlight policemen misperceptions, and the difficulties encountered during transport procedures, which may be attributed to insufficient knowledge about mental illness and lack of training, respectively. Furthermore, this article discusses the need for police educational intervention, and the formation of specialized teams to improve the handling of mentally ill in crisis situations. PMID: 18192017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152823 Fri, 11 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152828&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18191452%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: O'Reilly RL When advance directives are used to reject standard psychiatric treatment they have the potential to place civilly committed patients in a catch-22 where they need psychotropic medication to ameliorate their symptoms in order to regain liberty but are bound by their previously expressed wish that medication be withheld. The capacity to make an advance directive is higher than that required to make a contemporaneous treatment decision. Furthermore, unlike the assessment of contemporaneous capacity, it is very difficult to determine a person's capacity retrospectively or to determine if an advance directive was meant to apply in changed circumstances. The author argues that when an advance directive demands a course of action that is contrary to a person's best inter... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152828 Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152828 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152827&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18191453%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kjellin L, Ostman O, Ostman M As in many other countries, the Swedish legislation on compulsory psychiatric care has been revised several times during the last four decades. Great regional differences within the country in the use of compulsory psychiatric care have been reported. The aims of this study were to describe the development of compulsory psychiatric care in Sweden 1979-2002, and to analyse differences between two groups of counties, one group with high and one with low civil commitment rates, in terms of psychiatric care structure, resources and processes. Data on civil commitments and forensic psychiatric care in Sweden 1979-2002 were collected from public statistics. At least one responsible person in leading position (administrative manager or chief psychiatrist... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152827 Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152826&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18191454%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Page JA, Iverson GL, Collins P Fibromyalgia (FM) is a confusing and controversial diagnosis, characterized by widespread pain and tenderness at specific anatomical sites. The cause of this syndrome is unknown, and the course of the condition is difficult to predict. Without a known cause, predictable course, or effective treatment, it is not surprising that FM is a contentious diagnosis from a medical perspective, as well as a civil litigation and disability insurance industry perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate judges' perceptions of credibility in litigated cases involving FM claims in the Canadian courts, and the relation between perceived credibility and awards granted. A systematic review was conducted of every trial-by-judge litigated FM claim in... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152826 Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1152825&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18191455%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ohlenschlæger J, Nordentoft M, Thorup A, Jeppesen P, Petersen L, Christensen TO, Krarup G, Jørgensen P The effect of integrated treatment on the use of coercive measures in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder in Denmark is not known. A total of 328 patients were randomly assigned to integrated treatment (167 patients) or standard treatment (161 patients). Integrated treatment consisted of assertive community treatment, psycho-educational multi-family groups, and social skills training. Data on coercion were extracted from the register from the National Board of Health, and data on continuity from medical records. Even though the level of continuity seemed higher in integrated treatment, this did not reduce the use of coercive measures compared to the use in... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1152825 Mon, 07 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1152825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1140000&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18180037%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ireland JL, Qualter P The present study explored social and emotional loneliness, and victimisation among a sample of adult male prisoners. 241 prisoners took part, completing a behavioural measure of behaviours indicative of bullying (DIPC-R: Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist, Ireland, J.L. 2003. The Direct and Indirect Prisoner behaviour Checklist - Revised. Psychology Department, University of Central Lancashire). and a measure of social and emotional loneliness (SELSA: Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults, DiTommaso, E. & Spinner, B. (1993). The development and initial validation of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SELSA). Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 127-134.). Differences between the groups involved in bu... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1140000 Wed, 02 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1140000 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1124484&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18164385%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: Legal definitions of mind and of functional capacity offer a basis for structured clinical judgement regarding decision-making capacity. However, function-specific measures of understanding, reasoning and appreciation generate much the same results as measures of mental state and global functioning. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: None. PMID: 18164385 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1124484 Thu, 27 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1124484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1121825&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18162188%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Khazaal Y, Richard C, Matthieu-Darekar S, Quement B, Kramer U, Preisig M Mental Health Advance Directives (MHADs) are potentially useful for bipolar patients due to the episodic characteristic of their disease. An interest for the development of a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach in the creation process of MHADs arises because of a lack of efficiency of the non-collaborative processes, the potential impact of psychopathology and the awareness of the illness in MHADs' content, the link between the patient's directives interest and the case manager's interest, and the lower interest reported by the potentially high MHADs beneficiary. The CBT intervention in the MHADs creation process that is proposed in this article is based on: the self-determination model for adher... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1121825 Wed, 26 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1121825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1116737&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18158184%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferguson CJ, Miller-Stratton H, Heinrich E, Fritz S, Smith S Previous research has indicated that potential jurors are likely to use personal biases, such as those based on gender and ethnicity, in their judgments of culpability of criminal defendants in addition to, or instead of, the facts of the crime. The present paper seeks to extend this literature to the crime of filicide; to examine whether male defendants are judged more harshly than female defendants, as is the case for domestic violence and sexual abuse. 214 participants were provided with a scenario of filicide in which the gender of the perpetrator, the gender of the child, and the family's social class were randomly assigned. Participants were asked to rate the culpability of the defendant in the case. Results in... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1116737 Sat, 22 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1116737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=989920&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17964650%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tolson GH, Cuyjet MJ Jazz music and jazz musicians have often been linked for better or worse to the world of addictive substances. Many talented jazz musicians either had their careers sidetracked or prematurely ended due to their addiction to drugs and/or alcohol. The rigors of nightly performances, travel, and for many musicians a disapproving society exacted a toll that impacted the creativity of many artists of the genre. The fact that drug and alcohol use had a significant impact on the performance levels of numerous jazz musicians in the 1940's and 1950's has been much discussed, but more study of that impact is warranted. While recent research has provided new information regarding this challenging topic, there is still much to learn. Indeed, a number of questions for ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=989920 Thu, 25 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 989920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=965321&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17945346%26dopt%3DAbstract This article is part of a working project which assesses Ontario's mental health legislation and practice vis-à-vis international human rights standards. The paper focuses on procedural safeguards provided by the major international human rights instruments in the field of mental health law such as the UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness (MI Principles) and the European Convention on Human Rights as interpreted by the European Human Rights Court. In analysing Ontario's compliance with international standards, the paper will explore some problems arising from the implementation of the legislation with which the author is familiar with from his experience as counsel for the Consent and Capacity Board. The paper aims to generate discussion for potential reform... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=965321 Tue, 16 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 965321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=954364&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17936358%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Franchitto N, Mathur A, Franchitto L, Gavarri L, Telmon N, Rougé D In France, in general emergency departments, psychiatric consultations are on the increase and suicidal behavior represents a frequent reason for consultation. Psychiatrists treat patients whose behavior may be impulsive and irrational, and whose critical judgment is impaired. In emergency units, the reception and initial assessment of the patient determines his or her future pathway through the healthcare system. By its very nature, emergency medicine deals with inherently unstable situations, which may lead to the risk of medical malpractice. The aim of this article is to provide a summary of the initial management of suicidal patients by general emergency units and to comment on the medical malpractice ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=954364 Thu, 11 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 954364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=954365&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17935785%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Combalbert N, Vitry M In France, only very recently have victims begun to be assisted throughout "difficult" trials. We have developed different hypotheses to think over the function of psychologists when they step in to help out victims of criminal offences. Moreover, we have developed an argument for the need to set up units of medical and psychological assistance for certain difficult trials. Among other topics, we discuss the victims' expectations for psychic and/or affective reconstruction during trials. We suggest that penal trials can "potentially" heal victims, but more often than not they are "potentially" traumatic. We support our arguments with clinical examples that come from our personal experience of providing psychological assistance to victims. PMID: 179357... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=954365 Wed, 10 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 954365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=945496&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17928054%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: A trial of compulsory treatment with clozapine showed this treatment to be feasible, effective, safe and well tolerated. PMID: 17928054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=945496 Mon, 08 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 945496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=937179&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17920122%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prior PM Mentally disordered offenders find themselves at the intersection of the healthcare system and the criminal justice system in most European countries. Decisions on their care often involve lengthy discussions in relation to care versus control in society. In this article, the focus is on one aspect of this debate - that of human rights. An analysis of cases, taken to the European Court of Human Rights by mentally disordered offenders, demonstrates the difficulties inherent in ensuring appropriate care to individuals and safeguards to the public at the same time. The issues raised include the problems raised by indeterminate sentences, the use of detention for preventive purposes, and debates about treatment. The countries represented in this selection of cases are Bel... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=937179 Fri, 05 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 937179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=937180&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17919728%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence is provided for increased dyslexic traits among offenders compared to non-offenders. The study highlights the correlates of dyslexic traits. The implications of these findings for future research are outlined. PMID: 17919728 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=937180 Wed, 03 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 937180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=928943&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17915325%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hornsveld RH, Nijman HL, Hollin CR, Kraaimaat FW The Observation Scale for Aggressive Behavior (OSAB) has been developed to evaluate inpatient treatment programs designed to reduce aggressive behavior in Dutch forensic psychiatric patients with an antisocial personality disorder, who are "placed at the disposal of the government". The scale should have the sensitivity to measure changes in the possible determinants of aggressive behavior, such as limited control of displayed negative emotions (irritation, anger or rage) and a general deficiency of social skills. In developing the OSAB 40 items were selected from a pool of 82 and distributed among the following a priori scales: Irritation/anger, Anxiety/gloominess, Aggressive behavior, Antecedent (to aggressive behavior), Sanct... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=928943 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 928943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=928942&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17915326%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alish Y, Birger M, Manor N, Kertzman S, Zerzion M, Kotler M, Strous RD While the incidence of criminal offense in individuals with schizophrenia does not necessarily differ from that of the normal population, in contrast, the rate of sexual crimes among individuals with schizophrenia is relatively low. Due to low numbers, description of sexual criminal behavior among schizophrenia patients remains relatively unexplored. In order to investigate clinical, socio-demographic and sexual factors associated with deviant sexual behavior in schizophrenia sex offenders we retrospectively compared a large subgroup of schizophrenia sex offenders with a group of schizophrenia patients incarcerated for other criminal behaviors and a group of sex offenders without schizophrenia. Results indi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=928942 Mon, 01 Oct 2007 04:00:00 +0100 928942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=919053&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17905434%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Iversen KI, Høyer G, Sexton HC Legal-, perceived- and objective coercion were examined both separately and together as a measure of accumulated coercion, to determine how coercion affected patient satisfaction in patients admitted for acute psychiatric care. Accumulated coercive events significantly reduced both overall satisfaction, and satisfaction in four of five subscales evaluating different aspects of treatment. Neither legal status nor perceived coercion affected patient satisfaction, while objective coercion had a significant negative effect on overall satisfaction when these measures were analysed separately. Overall patient satisfaction reported at discharge was low, while satisfaction with different aspects of treatment showed considerable variation. The observ... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=919053 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 919053 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=839128&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17764742%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Clarke M, Lewchuk W, de Wolff A, King A This paper explores the impact of precarious employment relationships on health outcomes. It uses a novel framework, "Employment Strain" to describe the characteristics of different employment relationships and how they impact health outcomes. It uses interview data and comments provided on a survey to explore these issues. The paper begins by exploring if the health effects reported by mid-career individuals in precarious employment are different from those of younger and older workers. Finding limited evidence to support this hypothesis, the paper goes on to explore in detail the conditions under which precarious employment does increase stress and tension and impact health outcomes. It concludes that a combination of an individual's d... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=839128 Wed, 29 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 839128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=812265&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17706286%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lippel K PMID: 17706286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=812265 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 812265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=807565&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17692917%26dopt%3DAbstract This article reports on a Canadian qualitative study designed to examine the workers' experience of the workers' compensation process and to look at the effects of the process on the physical and mental health of claimants. Eighty five in depth individual interviews of injured workers in Québec and six group interviews with workers and worker advocates from Québec, Ontario and British Columbia were analysed to determine the positive and negative impact on claimant health of various steps of the workers' compensation process and of behaviours of significant actors in that process. While superior access to health care and access to economic support both contributed to claimant well-being, various facets of the process undermined the mental health of workers, and in some cases, also had a n... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=807565 Thu, 09 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 807565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=807566&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17692375%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saunders P, Huynh A, Goodman-Delahunty J As is commonly the case in new areas of research, workplace bullying researchers and practitioners have struggled to establish a single agreed-upon definition of this phenomenon. As a consequence, there are numerous definitions of workplace bullying currently in use around the world to investigate this serious workplace issue, to educate the workforce about this form of harassment and to assess claims involving allegations of workplace bullying. Additionally, little is known about how employees and people in general define workplace bullying behaviour, and whether current researcher, practitioner and legal definitions coincide with lay definitions of bullying. To compare researcher, practitioner and legal definitions of workplace bullyi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=807566 Wed, 08 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 807566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=786978&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17681602%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bourbonnais R, Jauvin N, Dussault J, Vézina M The main purpose of this study was to present changes occurring between 2002 and 2004 in the prevalence of psychosocial constraints and interpersonal violence at work among officers working in correctional facilities in Quebec. Results suggest that in the absence of specific organizational intervention aimed at improving a deleterious work situation, exposure to low decision latitude remained similar between 2002 and 2004, while exposure to high psychological demands improved somewhat, for both men and women. In 2000, rates of exposure of correctional officers in Quebec to high psychological demands, low decision latitude and the combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude (job strain) were significantly hi... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=786978 Wed, 01 Aug 2007 04:00:00 +0100 786978 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=776240&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17669492%26dopt%3DAbstract This study examined the role of occupations and industries in explaining differences among workers reporting poorer mental health in the Canadian workforce. It used data coming from a large representative sample of 77,377 workers engaged in 139 occupations and 95 industries. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify differences in the odds of reporting poorer mental health, adjusting for gender, age, education, marital status, and household income. Results identify ten occupations and nine industries at higher risk for workers reporting poorer mental health. The article concludes by highlighting implications for actors and policymakers and by specifying potential targets for intervention. PMID: 17669492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law a... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=776240 Mon, 30 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 776240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=776239&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17669493%26dopt%3DAbstract We report on the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms and associated factors among women employed in a poultry processing plant and a community comparison group of other employed women in northeastern North Carolina in the southern United States. The rural area is poor and sparsely populated with an African American majority. The largest employer of women in the area is a poultry processing plant. The goals of the analyses were 1) to evaluate whether women employed in poultry processing had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than other working women from the same geographic area, and 2) to evaluate factors which might be associated with depression among all of these working women, including specific characteristics of their work environment. Recruitment of participants (... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=776239 Mon, 30 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 776239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=769207&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17662403%26dopt%3DAbstract This study shows that while Australian regulators are aware of the problems posed by downsizing they have made only modest efforts to pursue compliance with legislative duties, producing some guidance material that refers to restructuring and workloads and launching a small number of prosecutions. At the same time, there is an increased willingness to address staffing levels and other impacts of downsizing (like working in isolation). Employer and union responses were also examined. The article concludes by identifying a number of initiatives that would enable regulators, unions and employers to address the problems posed by downsizing more effectively. PMID: 17662403 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=769207 Wed, 25 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 769207 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=769209&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17658603%26dopt%3DAbstract CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the studied workers with employer-provided health insurance who sought workers' compensation for disability due to mental illness did so inappropriately, in that the workplace did not cause the psychopathology. Their seeking workers' compensation was plausibly due to the observed inadequate evaluation and treatment available through their employer-provided health insurance. The adequacy of their care influenced the likelihood their claim would be granted. The relations observed here merit further research to establish their generality and to determine their causes. PMID: 17658603 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=769209 Thu, 19 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 769209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=769208&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17659341%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Paridon HM, Paridon CM, Bindzius FA The present article first describes the institution of the German Berufsgenossenschaften (BGs, the institutions for statutory accident insurance and prevention) and their mandate. Besides rehabilitation and compensation, these comprise the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, and work-related hazards. The main focus within the area of mental health is the prevention work, but rehabilitation and compensation within the German social insurance system in general, and with respect to mental health, will also be explained. Furthermore, the prevention-rehabilitation interface will be illustrated and the cooperation with the health insurance institutions will be described. In the second part, selected results of a survey regarding men... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=769208 Wed, 18 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 769208 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=739231&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17631963%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Seifert AM, Messing K, Riel J, Chatigny C Work content is adversely affected by precarious employment conditions, with consequences for workers and clients/customers. Three examples are taken from professions involving long-term relations between workers and clients. Adult education teachers hired on short-term contracts to teach primarily immigrant populations prepare their courses under less favorable conditions than regular teachers and their employment context foments hostility among teachers. Special education technicians are hired on a seasonal basis which interferes with their ability to coordinate and plan their efforts in collaboration with teachers. Workers in shelters for women suffering conjugal violence who were hired on a casual or on-call basis were unable to fo... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=739231 Wed, 11 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 739231 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=734668&cid=s_35662_24_f&fid=35662&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17628681%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mayhew C, Chappell D Violence at work (VAW) is a frequent precursor to mental ill health, and to a lesser degree physical injury, among those exposed to this occupational hazard. In this paper an overview is provided of the nature and prevalence of such violence, of the risk factors involved, and of the impact upon victims. The paper examines the definition of VAW which includes both physical and psychological violence. Attention is given to the influential involvement of the UN affiliated International Labour Organisation in setting benchmarks for defining, preventing and responding to VAW. Evidence about the incidence and severity of VAW on a global basis is examined. It is noted that the reliability of information about VAW is quite variable, especially in non-industrialise... International Journal of Law and Psychiatry journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=734668 Tue, 10 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 734668