MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 15:11:12 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333611&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F264%3Frss%3D1 This study examined survey data to determine the importance of each form of social control among Chinese and U.S. college students. Chinese students were more likely to view formal and informal crime control as important mechanisms. Furthermore, Chinese students ranked the blending of formal and informal crime control as being more important. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333611 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333610&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F250%3Frss%3D1 From the perspective of prosocial behavior, bystander intervention is conditioned by situational factors; from an informal social control perspective, bystander intervention has been demonstrated to be associated with level of crime and violence at the community level. By drawing on findings in two contrasting communities within a Chinese city, this study investigates the effects of fear of crime and type of community on bystander intervention. It shows that fear of crime and type of community have robust and consistent effects on bystander intervention, controlling for demographic characteristics including sex, age, and education. The implications of the findings are discussed in terms of bystander intervention as both prosocial behavior and informal social control. The findings also ques... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333610 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333609&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F236%3Frss%3D1 A new pictorial assessment was developed to measure aggression-supportive cognitions among young aggressive male students. The assessment was comprised of 17 watercolor ambiguous sketches that could be interpreted in either an aggressive or a benign manner (e.g., two young people facing each other with their arms folded). The results showed that high trait aggressive male students were more likely to make hostile attributions of the pictures, providing significantly more themes of entitlement and power in the stories they generated about the pictures. Aggressive male students also endorsed significantly more aggression-supportive cognitions on a self-report measure and provided some supporting qualitative accounts of physically aggressive encounters. The results of this study are discussed... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333609 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333608&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F213%3Frss%3D1 Like adult drug courts, juvenile drug courts have proliferated at a rapid rate during the past 15 years, but comparatively little research has been conducted on them. Although a few studies indicate that these programs appear to show promise as an intervention, almost nothing has been published using systematic and empirical methods to provide a description and specific examples of how these programs are structured and implemented. The purpose of the current study, therefore, is to summarize and integrate findings from systematic process evaluations of three juvenile drug courts. Similarities and differences in the structure and design of the programs are noted and findings regarding the program model for each juvenile drug court, including target population, therapeutic activities, and in... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333608 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333607&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F197%3Frss%3D1 This study reports on the results of a review and meta-analysis of 63 data sets that examine sexual recidivism among juvenile sex offenders. The studies include a total of 11,219 juvenile sex offenders, followed for a weighted mean of 59.4 months (SD = 36.1 months). Recidivism is identified through official records of arrest or conviction. The weighted mean sexual recidivism rate is 7.08% ( SD = 3.9%). The weighted mean rate of general recidivism is 43.4% ( SD = 18.9%). Studies that examine sexual recidivism during adolescence find monthly sexual recidivism rates that are more than 4 times higher than those found in studies that rely only on adult recidivism records. Neither the level of secured placement (community, residential, or secured custody) nor the use of arrest versus conviction ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333607 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333606&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F187%3Frss%3D1 This study describes the diagnostic and risk profiles of 331 sexual offenders held under Wisconsin’s sexual offender statute and compares them to the people held in those other states. Persons detained under Wisconsin’s law substantially differ from those in the other states. This variability is attributed to differences in both diagnostic procedures and statutory risk thresholds. The authors believe this is the first study to directly compare diagnoses and risk measures of sex offenders referred for commitment in different states, thereby offering a more national view of who is detained under these laws. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333606 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333605&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F169%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the predictive validity of the most commonly used risk assessment instruments for sexual offenders: Static-99, Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism, Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, Sexual Violence Risk—20, and Psychopathy Checklist—Revised in a prospective research design. Although risk assessment is part of a regime leading to various efforts to reduce risk by treatment and aftercare, all instruments show good predictive validity. However, depending on the instrument, recidivism category, and subgroup, the predictive accuracy varies markedly. Furthermore, the authors fail to demonstrate predictive validity for sexual violent reoffences—for the whole sample and for all subgroups. The results, nevertheless, support the utility and pred... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333605 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333605 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333604&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F2%2F150%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the views of 261 sexual abuse professionals regarding sex crime policies. Few participants believe that community notification is very effective in reducing sex offenses, but about half believe that all sex offenders should be subject to public disclosure. About one quarter of respondents opine that sex offenders should not be allowed to live in their communities, but a majority do not view residential housing restrictions for sex offenders as effective at reducing recidivism. Most believe in the helpfulness of therapeutic intervention. More than half say that they will support sex offender policies even without scientific evidence of their effectiveness. Criminal justice professionals are more likely to approve of these laws compared to mental health professionals. Tho... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333604 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333604 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3333603&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F54%2F2%2F147%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3333603 Thu, 04 Mar 2010 20:29:53 +0100 3333603 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187664&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F54%2F1%2F141%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187664 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187663&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F131%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the process and results of monitoring the programme integrity of FOR . . . A Change, a group programme for offenders, as it was being delivered in three prisons in the United Kingdom. In so doing, it briefly describes the aims, structure, and theoretical orientation of the programme; explains what informed the particular approach to checking for integrity and how it was implemented; outlines the results; and finally, postulates the requisite conditions for the successful maintenance of programme integrity. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187663 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187662&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F113%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the interactive effect of stereotype and suggestion on accuracy of memory was examined by presenting 645 participants (native Israelis and immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia) with three versions of a story about a worker who is waiting in a manager’s office for a meeting. All versions were identical except for the worker’s name, which implied a Russian or an Ethiopian immigrant or a person of no ethnic origin. Each participant was presented with one version of the story. After an hour delay, the participants’ memories were tested via two questionnaires that differed in terms of level of suggestion. Data analyses show that (a) when a suggestion matched the participant’s stereotypical perception, the suggestion was incorporated into me... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187662 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187661&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F92%3Frss%3D1 In this study, 120 males (60 sexual offenders and 60 non—sexual offenders) in psychiatric treatment while in prison were evaluated using neuropsychological, psychological, and sociological/demographic measures. All sexual offenders (N = 60) would be evaluated for potential civil commitment as sexually violent predators before prison release. Non—sexual offenders (N = 60) had not been convicted of a sexual offense. Sexual offenders demonstrated significantly more overall neuropsychological impairment suggesting diffuse brain differences, with dysfunction primarily associated with temporal and frontal brain cortexes; higher Psychopathy Checklist—Revised Factor 1 (Interpersonal/Affective) ratings and Rorschach responses indicated disordered attachment, disordered self-percep... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187661 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187660&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F71%3Frss%3D1 This study provides a preliminary descriptive profile of individuals having been issued an 810 recognizance order (i.e., peace bond). This preventive order is issued to individuals in the community considered by the court to be high-risk sex offenders. In total, 88 offenders were issued an 810.1 (at risk of sexual offence against a child) or an 810.2 (at risk of a personal injury offence) recognizance order between April 2006 and February 2008, among whom 59 sex offenders were included. The sociodemographics, risk profiles, and recidivism of offenders under the orders were analyzed. Two risk assessment tools, the Static-99 and the Stable, were used to describe this population. Comparisons were made between sex offenders under 810.1 and 810.2 orders. Preliminary analyses suggest that these ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187660 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187659&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F61%3Frss%3D1 This study looked at 12 juveniles in Wisconsin who were recommended by experts for commitment under Chapter 980, known as the Sexually Violent Person Commitments Act, but who ultimately were not committed. The purpose was to determine the accuracy of these assessments and risk for sexual reoffending for juvenile sexual offenders. The results found a rate of 42% sexual recidivism among these individuals, with a 5-year at-risk period. This figure is in contrast to the low rates of sexual recidivism reported in the general juvenile sexual research. This provides evidence that the capability to assess the risk in juvenile sexual re-offending may at times be higher than previously estimated. Implications of these unusual results are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187659 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187658&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 There has been little attempt to integrate contemporary studies of suicide and mass murder to homicide—suicides. The current research attempts to do so in the context of 19th-century parricides in America. This project uses archival records from The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune, 1851-1899, resulting in a total of 231 incidents. Our results indicate that parricides, mass murders, and suicides tended to originate as spontaneous acts, usually during the course of an argument, gathering momentum as the interaction unfolded. We contend that suicide is one way of alleviating threats to offender’s loss of self-identity. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187658 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187658 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187657&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F22%3Frss%3D1 This article addresses this gap in the literature by analyzing phenotypic and genotypic data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The results revealed that all three perspectives have considerable empirical support, where neuropsychological deficits interact with the MAOA genotype to predict adolescent delinquency and levels of self-control for White males. The theoretical implications of the findings are noted. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187657 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187657 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187656&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F54%2F1%2F6%3Frss%3D1 Early childhood maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual, emotional abuse) and caregiver disruptions are hypothesized to be instrumental in altering the neurobiology of the brain, particularly the amygdala, and contributing to the development of the affective deficits examined in individuals with psychopathy. Exposure to early untoward life events in models of rodent and nonhuman primates changes the neurobiology of the stress response. It is hypothesized that these changes may permanently shape brain regions that mediate stress and emotion and therefore play a role in the etiology of affective disorders in humans. The significance of experience (e.g., the intensity/severity, chronicity/duration, and developmental timing of experiences) and how the accompanying changes in the activity of the h... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187656 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187656 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3187655&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F54%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3187655 Tue, 19 Jan 2010 21:04:12 +0100 3187655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957365&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F717%3Frss%3D1 The present study examined whether ever being arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) was associated with higher levels of substance use and criminal activity in a sample of 800 probationers. Lifetime and 30-day histories of substance use and criminal activity were compared across three groups of probationers from rural Kentucky: those with a single DUI arrest, those with two or more DUI arrests, and those with no DUI arrests. A larger percentage of probationers with a DUI arrest reported lifetime and 30-day substance use than non-DUI offenders in almost all drug and alcohol categories. Higher prevalence of criminal activity was limited primarily to the multiple DUI arrest group. Findings add to the literature on rural substance abusers and indicate that DUI may be used as a marker ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957365 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957364&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F696%3Frss%3D1 This study examines variations by race in the relationship between religiosity and desistance from substance abuse. Although most studies have included race as a control variable, only a few studies compared the equivalence of associations among religiosity, delinquency, recovery from substance abuse, and other variables between Black and White samples. Using data from the intake and 12-month follow-up survey of the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study, this study examines levels of religious involvement of Black and White drug treatment clients. In addition, it empirically tests whether religious involvement exerts differential effects on Black and White clients’ recovery from substance abuse. It was found that Black clients reported higher levels of religious involvement (measured by... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957364 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957363&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F679%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the public perception of sex offender policies and the perceived impact of sex offender policies on the sex offenders themselves. Specifically, this study explores how the community feels about the effectiveness of policies such as registration and community notification (Megan’s Law), and housing restrictions in reducing sexual recidivism. Data are collected from 115 participants from a nationwide online community message board. Results suggest that although most individuals support Megan’s Law, they do not feel the policy reduces recidivism. Furthermore, the majority of the participants also do not believe that housing restriction statutes are effective in reducing sexual recidivism. When questioned about the policy impact on sex offenders, the majority of... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957363 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957362&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F665%3Frss%3D1 The General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) was correlated with recidivism data obtained on 284 released male federal prisoners. The sample was divided into those inmates who had been released within 24 months of having completed the PICTS (shorter test-release interval; n = 138) and those inmates who had been released more than 24 months after having completed the PICTS (longer test-release interval; n = 146), and recidivism was measured by subsequent arrests and convictions accrued during a 6- to 78-month follow-up. Although the GCT score successfully predicted release outcome in the shorter test-release interval group, it failed to predict release outcome in the longer test-release interval group. The theoretical and pract... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957362 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957361&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F648%3Frss%3D1 This study, based on 760 hours of phenomenological semi-structured interviews undertaken in a random sample of 1.5% of the male prisoner population in Israel, analyzes the neglected issue of homosexual rape in Israeli prisons. The study finds that (a) sexual harassment or homosexual rapes rarely take place in Israeli prisons and (b) Israeli inmates view homosexual rape in prison as disgusting and disgraceful and conceptualize it in highly negative emotional terms. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957361 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957360&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F634%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the product of a consensus panel of correctional health care experts, charged to develop performance measures, based on nationally accepted standards, for selected elements of psychiatric treatment behind bars, aimed to improve the quality of care. Performance measures were developed for medication adherence, suicide prevention, mental health treatment planning, and sleep medication usage. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957360 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957359&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F6%2F617%3Frss%3D1 This study explores the extent to which violence on the street can be explained by rational factors associated with the successful commission of the offence or social factors related to street culture. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 55 violent street offenders who were serving sentences for street robbery and assault in six prisons in the United Kingdom. The findings, based on accounts of 101 incidents of street violence, identified four main explanations for street violence: (a) successful offence enactment, (b) buzz and excitement, (c) status and honor, and (d) informal justice. The article concludes that there might be benefits in combining the insights of both perspectives by generating an integrated theory that would properly explain both the rational and the seemin... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957359 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957358&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F6%2F615%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957358 Tue, 03 Nov 2009 19:48:46 +0100 2957358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764631&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F5%2F607%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764631 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764630&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F596%3Frss%3D1 The link between early animal abuse and later violence toward humans may depend on how acts of animal cruelty are experienced by those whose behavior demonstrates this graduation. Unfortunately, the research investigating the social and emotional context for the youthful commission of animal cruelty as it escalates to adult interpersonal violence is relatively nonexistent. Using 112 cases from a larger sample of 261 inmates surveyed at both medium and maximum security prisons in a southern state, the present study examined the effects of age of onset and frequency of animal cruelty, the covertness of animal cruelty, the commission of animal cruelty within a group or in isolation, and empathy for the abused animals. Inmates who had covered up their childhood and adolescent animal cruelty we... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764630 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764629&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F574%3Frss%3D1 This article describes one model from a variety of therapy methods used in the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Aggression Among Children. The model combines family and individual therapy for children with sexual behavior problems. The frequency is of two successive individual sessions followed by one family session. The family sessions include the child and both parents, and in some cases siblings are also invited. The article specifies the importance of family therapy for this population and describes the context for appropriate interventions. It gives the characteristics of families whose children are having sexual behavior problems and who are suitable for therapy according to this model. The article deals, among other issues, with the importance of marking boundaries,... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764629 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764628&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F556%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the relationship between street children and the justice system in Egypt. After introducing the context of street children in the Egyptian case, it explores whether the justice system exacerbates the problem of street children and whether its potential to play a positive part in alleviating the problem should be revisited. The article then explores the basis for the negative perspective on the role of the justice system and the steps required to improve its role in solving the problem of the increasing number of street children. It concludes with a three-pronged approach for the Egyptian justice system to adopt to effectively address the problem of street children. The article is based on an existing knowledge base that is scattered in small-sample empirical studies, ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764628 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764627&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F535%3Frss%3D1 This study compares the criminal activities of male and female Jewish and Arab junior and senior high school students in Israel based on self-reported criminal activities. The sample consisted of 906 randomly selected junior and senior high school students. The findings indicate that Jewish students committed more types of delinquent acts when compared with their Arab counterparts; males committed more delinquent acts than females; and Arab females had very low rates of delinquency. The findings are discussed in light of possible influences of cultural and ethnic origin and knowledge about possible discrimination against Arab juveniles by the Israeli criminal justice system. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are suggested. (Source: International Journal of Offender Ther... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764627 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764626&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F517%3Frss%3D1 This study sought to fill this void. A series of seven focus group interviews were conducted with 85 stakeholders involved in developing a youth violence prevention plan in one community. Results suggest that the stakeholders were optimistic about developing violence prevention strategies and forging partnerships between various groups. Participants pointed to specific themes that provide a framework for understanding youth violence prevention planning efforts. Implications are provided. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764626 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764625&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F5%2F497%3Frss%3D1 This study overcomes this limitation by making use of homicides followed by a suicide attempt of the perpetrator (homicide—parasuicides). The authors examine to what extent these homicide—parasuicides can be understood as being primarily an expression of homicidal or of suicidal behavior. In total, 77 homicide—parasuicides are compared to 430 homicides and 161 parasuicides. The results show that homicide—parasuicides constitute a different category of lethal violence with regard to demographic, individual, and event-related characteristics. Subanalyses of homicide—parasuicides involving women and children reveal similar differences. The finding that a large majority of the perpetrators were mentally ill, dependent on the victim, and killed when faced with sepa... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764625 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2764624&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F5%2F495%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2764624 Wed, 02 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2764624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567460&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F482%3Frss%3D1 This study is the first evaluation of the predictive accuracy of the Static-99 among sex offenders in Switzerland. The Static-99 scores of 69 violent/sex offenders in Switzerland were assessed using data from their psychiatric assessments. Recidivism was operationalized as reconviction assessed from penal records. The Static-99 risk levels were predictive for recidivism (AUC = .758) among our population. The results are discussed on the basis of the literature. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567460 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567459&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F464%3Frss%3D1 This article extends the debate over personality disorders as dimensional or taxonic phenomena to the study of psychopathy and relates this issue to questions surrounding whether behaviors or personality traits best represent psychopathy. Proponents of dimensional measurements of psychopathy consider personality traits to be important constructs of psychopathy, whereas proponents of taxometric measurements consider behaviors to be important characteristics of psychopathy. After a brief introduction to the measurement of psychopathy, taxometric and dimensional measurement techniques are explained, their assumptions addressed, and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. Empirical evidence for each technique is then critiqued, and methodological problems are described. It is argued that met... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567459 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567458&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F454%3Frss%3D1 Among a sample of college students, roughly 30% of the women and 12% of the men reported having been the victim of a sexual assault sometime in their lives. Of the assault victims, approximately 23% of both sexes stated that they had sexual intercourse with their assaulters on at least one subsequent occasion. Female victims of a completed sexual assault were significantly more likely to continue being sexually active with their assailants than were female victims who managed to block the assault, while no such difference was found for male victims. This would imply that some men are using assaultive tactics to secure sex partners beyond a single sexual episode, thereby enhancing their potential reproductive success in evolutionary terms. Also, men who committed sexual assault reported hav... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567458 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567457&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F433%3Frss%3D1 Forty-six seriously delinquent, incarcerated boys received individual and group therapy for 32 months. The study examined how art therapy addressed the boys' psychological needs via analysis of the boys' self-selected art productions. In descending order of frequency, the eight most frequent need themes were identity issues; need for security and tranquility; need for freedom, adventure, and fun; need for ideal parental relationships; need for affiliation and affection; erotic and sexual needs; expression of depression, childhood trauma, and other psychological problems; and religious or spiritual needs. The boys' perceptions of what was most helpful about art therapy in descending order were stress relief and relaxation, reduction of boredom, pride and self-confidence, positive recognitio... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567457 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567456&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F420%3Frss%3D1 This article offers a long overdue comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of temporary release programs for prisoners. Following an account of how the public and criminal justice workers view temporary release, and against the "nothing works" proposition, it is shown that while in the community, prisoners tend to spend their time constructively and comply with the rules and regulations of temporary release; both home leave and work release schemes can be effective in reducing recidivism rates, and work release in particular may also enhance postrelease employment prospects. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567456 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567455&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F401%3Frss%3D1 This article describes the independent correlates of preincarceration community substance abuse treatment utilization for male and female offenders currently participating in prison-based treatment. As part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse—funded Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies cooperative agreement, this protocol was implemented by four collaborating research centers. Males with a history of treatment utilization were more likely to be older, to have used crack, and to have had a greater number of arrests, and they were less likely to be arrested for a violent charge. Females with previous treatment were more likely to have been hospitalized for a health condition and were significantly more likely to have lived with someone else before prison rather than in the... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567455 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567454&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F385%3Frss%3D1 This study aimed to develop a new psychometric instrument to assess vulnerability to risk of suicide and nonfatal self-harm behaviour in young adult male and female offenders. In total three studies were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the new instrument using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in different samples. Participants in all three studies included a total of 1,166 young adult offenders across six Her Majesty's Prisons. The new instrument, Suicide Concerns for Offenders in Prison Environment (SCOPE), contained 28 items scoring on two subscales. The factorial structure of the new instrument initially obtained with exploratory factor analysis was subsequently confirmed in a new sample. The internal consistency of the two subscales were acceptable b... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567454 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567454 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567453&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F4%2F373%3Frss%3D1 In the last decade, preventive detention—especially that relating to sexual offenders— has gained relevance for the German legal system. However, data are lacking concerning the inmates and the modus operandi of the psychiatric experts. Court orders and psychiatric statements of 114 offenders with orders of preventive detention were examined, 57 of whom were incarcerated because of sexual offences. Sexual offenders mostly show antisocial personality traits or even disorders, with a history of poly-trophic delinquency. In only four cases, the diagnosis of a sexual disorder was given. The analysis showed a high rate of psychiatric expert testimonies' lacking basic information, with incomplete assessment of sexual history. None of the experts used standardized prognostic instrumen... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567453 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2567452&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F4%2F371%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2567452 Tue, 30 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2567452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352052&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F348%3Frss%3D1 The majority of the extant literature on inmate victimization considers only one level of analysis, thus ignoring the interaction effects between inmate- and prison-level variables. To extend this literature, multilevel modeling techniques were used to analyze self-report data from more than 1,000 inmates and 30 prisons in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio. Results revealed that demographic variables were strong predictors of physical victimization (i.e., race and assaultive behavior). Also, security level had a contextual direct effect on physical victimization. Property victimization was best explained with an integrated model including inmate (i.e., race, assaultive behavior, prior education, prior employment, and time served), contextual (i.e., security level and proportion non-White), and... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352052 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352052 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352051&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F334%3Frss%3D1 The Attitudes Toward Prostitution Scale (ATPS) assesses the beliefs of men who purchase sex from prostitutes. Items for the ATPS were administered to a U.S. multisite sample of 1,001 men who had been arrested for soliciting an undercover police officer and subsequently referred to a psychoeducational program. Principal axis factor analysis was conducted, and it yielded three valid factors: Social/Legal Support of Prostitution, Beliefs About Prostitutes, and Family Values Related to Prostitution. Scale-item reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha on a second independent sample of 74 men, which offered data to support ATPS internal consistency and reliability. Based on these results, scale scores were standardized for practical use in research and clinical applications, and interpreta... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352051 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352051 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352050&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F316%3Frss%3D1 Are current questionnaire methods fit for the task of assessing offense-related schemas? Six published and unpublished questionnaire measures that assess child molesters' offense-related beliefs are evaluated and examined for evidence of the five implicit schemas proposed by Ward: children as sexual beings, nature of harm, uncontrollability, entitlement, and dangerous world. Current treatment approaches assume that child molesters hold some, if not all, of these implicit schemas—an assumption demonstrated through the use of appropriately modified schema-based treatment techniques. Coding the six questionnaires revealed that nonsexual offense-specific implicit theories are underrepresented on existing measures (i.e., uncontrollability, entitlement, and dangerous world) and that many q... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352050 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352050 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352049&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F305%3Frss%3D1 In an effort to characterize the attitudes and characteristics of men who solicit sex, this study investigated rape myth acceptance as assessed by a modification of Burt's Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. The participants were all men who took part in the Prostitution Offender Program of British Columbia after being arrested for attempting to solicit sex from an undercover police officer. Relationships between endorsement of rape myths, other attitudes, sexual behavior, and demographic variables were examined. Results reveal that age, education, use of pornography, ideal frequency of intercourse, and believing that purchasing sex is a problem are all negatively correlated with rape myth acceptance. Positive correlations were found between rape myth acceptance and sexual conservatism, sexual vio... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352049 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352048&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F292%3Frss%3D1 This article describes a study that used a computer-based task to investigate the emotional recognition skills of child sexual abusers. The experiment consisted of two phases (prime and probe) and measured both response time and error rates to facial expressions. The priming phase of the experiment consisted of the presentation of short phrases via computer of either sexual or neutral content. The probe phase of the experiment consisted of the presentation of adult facial expressions depicting either the emotion fear or surprise. Results showed child sexual abusers to be slightly less accurate overall. Furthermore, contrary to prediction, the effect of sexual priming appeared to make child sexual abusers actually better at recognizing fearful faces (p = .055). This result is discussed in r... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352048 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352048 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352047&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F278%3Frss%3D1 The exponential rise in probation caseloads has necessitated that some jurisdictions contract with private probation agencies and community-based private treatment providers. Regulations that monitor private providers are ill defined or absent, leaving standards open to broad interpretation. Attorneys in one jurisdiction that used private providers were surveyed to measure their beliefs about private treatment providers for people sentenced to probation. The research found that attorneys supported private provider representatives being present in court to contact defendants and to provide evidence to strengthen probation violations. Private agency reputation and standardized criteria were important to establish qualifications in offering supervision and treatment services. (Source: Interna... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352047 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352047 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352046&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F3%2F249%3Frss%3D1 Understanding the causes of why individuals desist from or are resilient to delinquency and drug use has become a salient social concern. Much research has centered on the effects that protective factors possess in fostering resiliency but that research has not fully explored how the effects of protective factors might vary across gender. Using a sample of 711 individuals from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child—Mother data set, the authors investigate how individual protective factors vary across gender on two measures of resiliency that document the lack of involvement in serious delinquency and drug use. They also examine whether the accumulation of protective factors varies across gender in fostering resiliency. The findings suggest that although males and females re... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352046 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352046 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2352045&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F3%2F247%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2352045 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2352045 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253925&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F228%3Frss%3D1 It is not uncommon for inmates to experience religious conversions in prison. These conversions allow inmates to portray themselves in a prosocial light and help them to establish a sense of control in their current lives, regardless of their past. Despite the value of these conversions, maintaining a new outlook of one's self is remarkably difficult. Using semistructured interviews with 63 inmates who had undergone a religious conversion, the authors examine the process that they engaged in to keep these new senses of self. The narratives suggest that they relied on various social support mechanisms to keep themselves focused and inspired. Specifically, they stressed the importance of connecting with positive others in formal and informal settings, sharing their stories with those in need... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253925 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253924&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F211%3Frss%3D1 The current study investigated the prevalence of mental disorders among incarcerated juvenile offenders in Germany and sought to identify clinically relevant subgroups. In sum, 149 newly incarcerated male juvenile delinquents (M age = 19 years) were included. Diagnostic tools included the German version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Psychopathy Checklist—Screening Version. The most prevalent diagnoses in the sample included conduct disorders (81%), Cluster B personality disorders (up to 62%), and substance-related disorders (up to 60%). Moreover, psychopathic features were found among 21% of the participants. Cluster analysis distinguished three subgroups among this group of young offenders. The most problematic consisted of juveniles with multiple psychopat... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253924 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253923&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F191%3Frss%3D1 Perceived altruism, an attitude that clients may attribute to those who work with them, was examined in a qualitative and quantitative study about the impact of volunteers in drop-in centers for youth at risk in Israel. Data were collected by interviews, observations, case studies, and questionnaires. The results show that the volunteers' unique contribution affected the service as a whole. The beneficiaries knew that volunteers were servicing them, perceived volunteers as true altruists, were satisfied to the degree of preferring their services over that of paid workers, and were positively affected by the encounter with volunteering. A significant impact was that volunteers set a living example of the possibility of human goodness via personal encounters and demonstrated the existence of... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253923 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253922&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F168%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to examine sociological, social psychological, and psychopathological correlates of substance abuse disorders in a nationally representative sample of jail inmates. Criminal history and clinical factors most strongly differentiated convicted inmates with and without substance use disorders regardless of current index offense. Policy implications are discussed in terms of targeting antisocial attitudes and peer associations and more effective clinical treatments for substance use disorders among the inmate population. High rates of co-occurring depression symptoms and anger dyscontrol found among inmates with substance use disorders in this study underscore the need for assessment and evaluation of specialized programs for co-occurring disorders and anger man... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253922 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253921&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F145%3Frss%3D1 Self-control theory is tested in relation to violence on a sample of university students in Turkey. The primary findings indicate support for the theory net of the impacts of strain, deterrence, differential association, social bonding, and routine activity theories: The greater the low self-control, the greater the violence. No subdimensions of self-control have consistent significant impacts on violence. Most high-opportunity measures have positive impacts on violence. Interaction effects occur only among subdimensions of self-control and opportunity variables. Social class and age are significant even when low self-control measures were controlled. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253921 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253920&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F2%2F126%3Frss%3D1 This article considers the relationship between human rights and the general ethical principles and standards contained in the American Psychological Association's (APA's) code of ethics as applied to the forensic domain. First, it analyzes the concept of human rights, their structure, and their justification. Second, it briefly describes the APA's most recent code of ethics and the principles and standards that compose it. Third, it concludes by explicitly examining the relationship between the present human rights model and the APA's code, demonstrating how it is able to provide an additional ethical resource for forensic practitioners in their clinical work and so deepen their ethical sensibilities and decision making. Finally, the article presents a case study and discusses the human r... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253920 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2253919&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F2%2F123%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2253919 Tue, 10 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2253919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070069&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F113%3Frss%3D1 Juvenile delinquency is rarely associated with success in psychotherapeutic treatment. Up until now, few data have been recorded regarding possible overlaps or common features of conduct disorders with anxiety disorders. This case report of a delinquent adolescent's presenting an obsessive-compulsive disorder discusses possible underlying common features of externalizing and internalizing disorders, mainly in terms of fear and anxiety regulation. The successful psychotherapy is discussed with regard to efficient psychological assessment and treatment of delinquent adolescents, and it underlies the importance of detailed analysis of psychopathology in cases of juvenile delinquency. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070069 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070068&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F93%3Frss%3D1 This study compares two groups of women in South Korea: one group incarcerated for the deaths of their male partners and the other staying in a shelter for battered women. The analysis serves to answer two questions: First, are the findings regarding women who kill their intimate partners in Western societies generally applicable to their counterparts in South Korea? Second, how are abused South Korean women who resort to lethal violence against their abusers different from those who do not? Regarding both abused and nonabused women incarcerated for criminal homicide against their partners, results indicate that they have less experience of psychological and physical abuse by their partners and that they are less educated, underemployed, and more supportive of traditional patriarchal norms... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070068 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070067&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F74%3Frss%3D1 This article reports a study where aggression replacement training (ART), combined with token economy, was compared with relationally oriented treatment at four residential treatment units in a nonrandomized design. In all, 57 adolescents in the ages between 16 and 19 participated. Outcome was measured as weighted indices of sentences and police suspicion reports. The results show no differences between the treatment models. In a separate analysis, the hypotheses were tested that those adolescents would relapse less frequently who admitted their crimes at intake or who could talk about guilt for their criminal acts. These hypotheses were refuted as main effects, but an interaction effect was found that suggests that adolescents with less consciousness of guilt got better results at the ART... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070067 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070066&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 The treatment of violent offenders has evolved in recent years, shifting from interventions focused on anger management to those incorporating social information processing skills. The present study was a multimethod evaluation of one such program, the Persistently Violent Offender program. A total of 256 Canadian male violent offenders participated in the study; 70 Persistently Violent Offender program completers were compared to two control groups (n1 = 33, n2 = 105) who completed an alternate program and to 48 offenders who failed to complete either program. Results demonstrate few differences among groups in terms of changes on measures of treatment targets, involvement in institutional misconducts, and postrelease returns to custody, thus demonstrating that the Persistently Violent Of... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070066 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070065&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F43%3Frss%3D1 In an outcome evaluation of recovering addicts who participated in a prison-based therapeutic community, 39 clients (a nonrandomized subsample) were interviewed about their rehabilitation and reintegration experience. The study focused on participants' perceptions of how essential the continuum of treatment and supervision after release was. Whereas many studies have shown that participating in prison-based drug treatment programs reduces likelihood of recidivism, clients in this study suggested that other factors might be equally important—in particular, the importance of the continuum of treatment after release and/or being supervised in the community. Findings are discussed in regard to inmates' expectations, confusion upon release, and formal support mechanisms; suggestions for f... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070065 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070064&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F29%3Frss%3D1 Community reintegration of ex-prisoners is an important issue in efforts to reduce recidivism. The present study examined the multiple, complex, and dynamic nature of variables influencing successful reintegration by assessing the type and degree of change in reintegration variables over time. Participants were 79 adult prisoners (54 male, 25 female) who completed a prerelease questionnaire 1 month before their release, which focused on prison-related variables, participant background, and anticipated conditions upon release. A postrelease questionnaire was administered to the same participants at 1-4 weeks and 3-4 months postrelease, focusing on the quality of life conditions experienced following release. Results indicate that current health ratings and several indicators of drug use wer... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070064 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070063&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F53%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the effects of labeling though informal and formal sanctions on sex offender reintegration, using qualitative analysis from a probability sample of 153 registered sex offenders in four counties in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It also provides an overview of sex offender legislation and literature. Results of the study indicate that the majority of respondents experienced negative treatment because of their status as a sex offender. Results also indicate that formal and informal sanctions are stifling opportunities for sex offenders to be fully reintegrated into society and that treatment programs are not as effective as they could be. Implications for sex offender policy and further research are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Compar... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070063 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2070062&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F53%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2070062 Tue, 30 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2070062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932259&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F722%3Frss%3D1 The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether a competency-based counseling training program can be effective in developing the counseling skills of correctional officers with diverse backgrounds and (b) to examine if participants would demonstrate positive changes in counseling skills regardless of their differences among a variety of demographic variables. One hundred and six correctional officers were selected to participate in this study. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied for collecting and analyzing data. The results indicate that the participants' counseling skills were significantly improved. Because the participants demonstrated positive changes in their overall counseling skills, the present research further supports no significant differen... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932259 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932258&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F698%3Frss%3D1 This study proceeds to examine this issue in two steps. First, a traditional sample of university students is examined to determine how various costs and benefits relate to their hypothetical likelihood of offending. Then the same data collection procedures are employed with a somewhat different sample of younger, adjudicated, and institutionalized offenders to determine whether the conclusions drawn from the student sample generalize to this offender sample. Results generally suggest that the content and process of hypothetical criminal decision making differ in the sample of known offenders relative to the university students. Limitations of the current study, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Cri... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932258 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932257&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F686%3Frss%3D1 This study explored relationships between perceived stress, impulsivity, and beliefs in the efficacy of drugs as these variables pertain to self-reported drug use severity. Women prisoners (N = 100) participated in structured face-to-face interviews based on established research instruments. Although there was no significant correlation between demographic characteristics and substance use severity, positive relationships were found between substance use severity, perceived stress, impulsivity, and beliefs. A multiple linear model was estimated regressing drug use severity on beliefs, impulsivity, and perceived stress. Only the measures of beliefs and impulsivity were significant correlates of drug use severity. Implications are discussed for prison substance abuse programming and future r... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932257 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932256&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F673%3Frss%3D1 A large-scale study was conducted to examine the perceived employability of ex-prisoners and offenders. Four participant groups comprising 596 (50.4%) employers, 234 (19.8%) employment service workers, 176 (14.9%) corrections workers, and 175 (14.8%) prisoners and offenders completed a questionnaire assessing the likelihood of a hypothetical job seeker's both obtaining and maintaining employment; the importance of specific skills and characteristics to employability; and the likelihood that ex-prisoners, offenders, and the general workforce exhibit these skills and characteristics. Apart from people with an intellectual or psychiatric disability, those with a criminal background were rated as being less likely than other disadvantaged groups to obtain and maintain employment. In addition, ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932256 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932255&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F658%3Frss%3D1 Using a classification of homicides based on the victim–offender relationship, this research analyzes individual-level data from a local prosecutor's office in Taiwan with multinomial logistic regression to locate the more precise correlates of three different homicide relationship types. The results of the analyses provide further support for the hypothesis that such partitioning of homicides is fruitful in revealing the relationships otherwise obscured. They indicate that both sociodemographic variables and situational variables are important correlates of three different homicide relationships, but their strengths vary based on the particular homicide relationship type. Age and crime premises correlate with homicide differently based on the victim–offender relationship. Prem... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932255 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932254&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F641%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in the state of interpersonal needs and psychological health of male and female prison inmates who live in the same prison. The authors conducted in-person interviews with 118 male and 70 female inmates. The results show that women present a better interpersonal state and psychological health than do men. For both genders, the consequences of fulfilling or not fulfilling interpersonal needs—specifically, social loneliness and sexual satisfaction—are associated with psychological health. These findings suggest the importance of the state of prison inmates' interpersonal needs in promoting psychological health in the context of the prison, where these needs are generally difficult to be met. Making contacts possi... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932254 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932253&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F6%2F622%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the psychological consequences of short- and long-term solitary confinement for prisoners in the United States subjected to administrative or disciplinary segregation. Particular attention is paid to the use of secure housing units, alternatively known as control units or supermax units. These correctional entities allow for the isolation of convicts under conditions that offer little sensory stimulation and minimal opportunities for interaction with other people. The circumstances typically found in these units and the heightened potential for the abuse of prisoners are described. The connections between internment and mental illness—as well as isolation and race, gender, and class—are explored. A set of recommendations for the reform of secure housing is... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932253 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1932252&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F6%2F619%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1932252 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1932252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732252&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F598%3Frss%3D1 In this study, data is presented from a sample of 52 male domestic violence offenders who were court mandated to attend a profeminist psycho-educational rehabilitation program in the West Midlands. The extent of both statistically and clinically significant psychological change achieved across a variety of measures (pro-domestic-violence attitudes, anger, locus of control, interpersonal dependency) assessed pre- and post-treatment, and their association with post-treatment re-offending within an 11-month follow-up period is examined. The results indicate that program completers achieved limited significant psychological change. However, the level of psychological change achieved had no association with re-offending. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Crimino... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732252 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732251&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F584%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the incarceration experiences of 16 adolescent males in a maximum-security detention facility. A semistructured interview was conducted with each detainee and recorded on audiocassette. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive methodology. Detainees' experiences were characterised by a prison culture of bullying, substance use, and antagonism with youth workers; inadequate service provision and a lack of rehabilitative programming; and a sense of loss through reduced autonomy and dislocation from important others. These experiences gave rise to a range of negative feelings and emotions and promoted thinking about past and future behaviours. The incarceration experience placed detainees into a state of readiness for positive change but failed to provide them... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732251 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732250&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F571%3Frss%3D1 This article explores the relations of moral disengagement with several legal, institutional, and demographic characteristics of young offenders held in custody. The sample consisted of 152 randomly selected male young offenders from the largest young offenders' institution in Scotland. The age of the sample ranged from 16 to 21 (M = 18.9, SD =1.3). The respondents took part in a structured interview asking about several sociodemographic characteristics, and they completed the Moral Disengagement Scale. The sample in the study scored significantly higher on moral disengagement in comparison to a community sample. Higher moral disengagement was related to the offenders' families receiving help from a social worker; the expectation of an unstable living situation after custody; drug use befo... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732250 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732250 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732249&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F554%3Frss%3D1 On the basis of personality systems interaction (PSI) theory, the authors examine self-regulation, conflict behaviour, behavioural resources, and personality disorders in a sample of 83 male offenders and explore the role self-regulatory variables play with respect to aggressive behaviour. Although substantial correlations between self-regulatory functions and aggressive behaviour were found, these variables did not predict aggression in a subsequent regression analysis with measures of self-regulation, conflict behaviour, and personality disorders as independent variables. Antisocial behaviour, behavioural self-control, and affect were among the strongest predictors of aggression. Specific predictions based on PSI theory could not be confirmed. Theoretical implications of the findings are... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732249 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732249 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732248&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F538%3Frss%3D1 This study addresses recent concerns and includes variables such as risk, consequences, criminal opportunity, an interaction term, and bond controls in one complete test. It also addresses self-control's ability to explain different forms of crime and whether the support that it has garnered has been exaggerated. Results of both cross-sectional and semilongitudinal tests indicate that self-control significantly predicts a higher probability of involvement in property and drug crime but is virtually silent in its ability to explain violence. Furthermore, it can be tentatively stated that support for the theory wanes over time. Finally, neglected concepts such as opportunity, risk, consequences, and bond controls may be important to the theory's ability to explain crime, and further negligen... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732248 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732248 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732247&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F520%3Frss%3D1 Revisiting Gottfredson and Hirschi's critiques of criminal career research, the current study views low self-control as being analogous to criminal propensity and examines its predictive validity of career criminality among 723 incarcerated delinquent youths. Four key findings emerged. Compared to noncareer offenders, career criminals had significantly lower levels of self-control. Second, youths scoring one standard deviation above the mean on the Self-Control Scale had an odds ratio of 5.36 of becoming a career criminal. Third, self-control predicted career criminal membership with receiver operator characteristic-area under the curve sensitivity accuracies between 74% and 87%, suggesting that self-control is a potentially useful screening device for chronic criminality. Fourth, low self... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732247 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732246&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F5%2F499%3Frss%3D1 Continental European and Anglo-American jurisdictions differ with regard to criminal justice and community responses to sex offenders on an exclusion–inclusion spectrum ranging from community protection measures on one end to therapeutic programs in the middle and restorative justice measures on the other end. In the United States, populist pressure has resulted in a community protection approach exemplified by sex offender registration, community notification, and civil commitment of violent sexual predators. Although the United Kingdom and Canada have followed, albeit more cautiously, the American trend to adopt exclusionist community protection measures, these countries have significant community-based restorative justice initiatives, such as Circles of Support and Accountability.... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732246 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1732245&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F5%2F495%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1732245 Tue, 26 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1732245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562531&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F474%3Frss%3D1 Although the number of females in law enforcement has increased in recent years, research suggests that the uniquely gendered contributions of females are minimized in favor of traditional modes of law enforcement, emphasizing physical presence, authoritative commands, and demonstrative control. This research examines women in parole, using in-depth interviews with a small convenience sample of female parole agents in California. Participants discussed their experiences as parole agents from the perspective of women in a predominantly male occupation. Overwhelmingly, they emphasized traditionally associated female traits of intuition, verbal communication, and relationships, over physical tactics. Participants emphasized the importance of building respect and rapport with parolees in multi... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562531 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562530&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F454%3Frss%3D1 The present study examined whether social control theory is capable of explaining youth's law violations in instances of conflict between the ideological religious worldview and the laws of the country in which they reside. Differences in the control factors (commitment, belief, attachment, and involvement) were examined among Israeli adolescents who took part in legal activity (n = 163) and illegal activity (n = 99) during the resistance to the Gaza evacuation. The findings indicate that the model provides a partial explanation for ideological delinquency. It was found that involvement with friends and the absence of belief in the formal legal system were associated with illegal ideology activity. Attachment to friends and parents and involvement with parents had no effect on youth's part... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562530 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562529&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F435%3Frss%3D1 Recent drug-crime scholarship has underscored the importance of conducting disaggregated research that focuses on the consistencies and variations between subcategories of drug misuse and criminal activity and, further, how these associations may vary across sociodemographic and cultural boundaries. The research presented in this article used cluster analysis to independently classify male and female arrestees based on their arrest charges and substance-specific indicators of initiation, use, dependence, and treatment need. The data come from Pennsylvania's Substance Abuse and Need for Treatment Among Arrestees study conducted as part of the State Treatment Needs Assessment Program. Five groups were identified in both the male and female cluster analyses. The results reveal both important ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562529 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562528&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F416%3Frss%3D1 Research consistently illustrates that several intellectual disabilities—namely, learning disabilities (LD), low intelligence, challenging behavior, and inadequate adaptive behavior, as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—are considered risk factors for antisocial and criminal behavior. Although much attention has been paid to the relationship of LD, ADHD, and criminal behavior, three research topics have been overlooked: the frequency of LD with ADHD among inmates, the relationship between LD and/or ADHD and level of education among prisoners, and the connection between LD and/or ADHD and age of criminal onset. The present study examined the frequency of LD and ADHD in a sample of Israeli-born prisoners, in addition to the frequency of each category by itse... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562528 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562527&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F401%3Frss%3D1 A sample of 2,286 male sex offenders and paraphilics and 241 nonsex offenders was evaluated for the prevalence of mental retardation and learning disorders, using the full Wechsler IQ scales. The sex offenders were generally of average intelligence, and the mentally retarded were not overrepresented among them, but the learning disordered were. There were no differences among sex offenders and controls in overall IQ or in the percentage of mentally retarded or learning-disordered cases, suggesting that the learning difficulties are not peculiar to sex offenders. There was a bias in referral source, with more mentally retarded, borderline-retarded, and/or learning-disordered cases being referred by the Children's Aid Society, prisons, and the Crown, suggesting that referral source may play ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562527 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562526&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F4%2F378%3Frss%3D1 This article endeavors to fill this gap in the literature. Using the heuristic analytical lens and the case study method, the high-profile crimes of Gilbert Escobedo (power type), Paul Bernardo (anger type), and Jeffrey Dahmer (sadistic type) are reviewed. As the article discloses, unique personality features were exhibited. Moreover, each rapist type displayed a number of convergent as well as divergent character traits. Given these findings, the article concludes with a series of summary observations relevant for future research on rape and personality as well as prospects for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562526 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1562525&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F4%2F375%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1562525 Wed, 02 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1562525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424754&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F358%3Frss%3D1 Divalproex sodium (DVX) is used in correctional settings to treat impulsive aggression and mood lability in patients without comorbid bipolar disorder. This review of DVX use in the Connecticut Department of Correction examined the psychiatric diagnostic impression of patients prescribed DVX, the doses used, and the symptomatic and functional change over time. Clinical charts of 168 offenders treated with DVX for one or more months were randomly selected for clinical outcome review and were divided into subgroups based on clinical impression for DVX prescription. In participants without bipolar disorder (44.6%), DVX was used to target impulsivity (14.3%) and mood lability (17.3%). Clinical improvement was noted in bipolar and nonbipolar groups (p < .001). The impulsive/aggressive subgro... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424754 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424754 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424753&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F346%3Frss%3D1 Psychological stress has long been known to predict negative changes in physical and behavioral health in the general population. The same relationships have been found in research on drug abusers. In this longitudinal study, 477 clients of two Kentucky drug courts were followed for 1 year to examine the relationship between subjective stress at intake and outcomes 1 year after the baseline of this 18-month drug court program. Greater baseline subjective stress was significantly associated with poorer employment, substance use, criminal justice, and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, even after adjusting for selected demographic characteristics and baseline levels of the outcomes of interest. If these results are replicated in these and other drug courts, then a stress reduction treatmen... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424753 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424753 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424752&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F330%3Frss%3D1 This article examines the prediction of recidivism using the Global Risk Assessment Device (GRAD), a reliable and valid measure of dynamic factors associated with family characteristics, peers, mental health, substance abuse, trauma exposure, educational concerns, accountability, and health risks. Using a sample of adult caregivers of first-time misdemeanant offenders, two factors—education and accountability—were significantly associated with recidivistic behavior, supporting the use of GRAD data in correctly identifying first-time offenders who have the greatest and the least likelihood for future offending behavior. Additional analyses utilizing parent reports on African American males indicate that the GRAD provides discrimination in the prediction of recidivism in a group ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424752 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424751&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F311%3Frss%3D1 The incarceration of young people is a growing national problem. Key correlates of incarceration among American youth include mental health problems, substance use, and delinquency. The present study uses a statewide sample of incarcerated youth to examine racial differences in African American and Caucasian juvenile offenders' outcomes related to mental health, substance use, and delinquency. The data indicate that relative to Caucasian offenders, African American offenders report lower levels of mental health problems and substance use but higher levels of delinquent behavior such as violence, weapon carrying, and gang fighting. The data further reveal that African American offenders are more likely than Caucasian offenders to be victims of violence and to experience traumatic events suc... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424751 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424750&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F296%3Frss%3D1 This article addresses the current lack of research on uxoricides in non-Western societies by examining the phenomenon in Ghana, West Africa. Analysis of data from the 60 husband—wife killings reported in a national daily newspaper reveals that jealousy and suspicion of infidelity overwhelmingly provided the basis for wife murders. The findings also indicate that assailants and victims were of low socioeconomic background and the murders predominantly occurred in the rural areas of the country. Posthomicidal suicide by the assailant occurred in about one fourth of the cases. Overall, the results demonstrate that the patterns of uxoricide in Ghana are congruous in many significant ways with those noted in Western industrialized societies. It is concluded that additional research in no... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424750 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424749&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F280%3Frss%3D1 The issue of prison violence and misconduct has been the subject of considerable academic attention, yet particularized areas of violent victimization within prisons have gone relatively unnoticed. One such area involves sexual violence in prisons. Scholars have argued that sexual violence contributes to a host of institutional and individual-level problems, yet the primary limitation of this body of literature is that it has been largely confined to methodologically questionable studies of prison rape prevalence. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to critically take stock of what is and what is not currently known about the prevalence of prison sexual violence. In doing so, it highlights the direction that future research should take so that evidence-based policies concerning prison... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424749 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424749 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424748&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F270%3Frss%3D1 This study used a police sample to examine offense characteristics, recidivism rates, and other types of sexual offending among individuals suspected of exhibitionism. The sample consisted of 202 incidents of indecent exposure perpetrated by 106 identified individuals. Demographic information showed that one quarter of the sample had symptoms of a mental illness and one quarter had a history of substance abuse. More than 84% of the sample had other nonsexual criminal charges. Approximately 30% of the perpetrators were charged for more than one exposure incident. Masturbating during the offense, exposing to child victims, and speaking to the victim did not show any relationship to the occurrence of more sexually aggressive behaviors. However, individuals who had subsequent rape or molestati... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424748 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424748 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424747&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F3%2F253%3Frss%3D1 The amount of empirical research on men who commit sexual murders is scarce, and no distinction has been made between those who have victimized adults and those who have victimized children. Therefore, to better understand specifically sexual murderers of children (n = 11), comparisons were performed with a group of sexual murderers of adult women (n = 66) on developmental, precrime, crime, and postcrime factors. It appears that sexual murderers of children are more often victims of sexual abuse during childhood and present more often deviant sexual fantasies as compared to sexual murderers of women. The results show also that sexual murderers of children more often use pornography prior to crime, have contact with the victim prior to crime, and commit a crime more often characterized by p... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424747 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424747 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1424746&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F3%2F251%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1424746 Tue, 06 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1424746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279928&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F234%3Frss%3D1 This article examines empirical findings concerning the effectiveness of SOT for psychopathic sexual offenders. Ten studies were found to meet the minimal quality standards used, stemming from only four data sources. Shortcomings of existing research precluded clear conclusions, though trends in the data are delineated. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279928 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279927&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F222%3Frss%3D1 Aggression control therapy is based on Goldstein, Gibbs, and Glick's aggression replacement training and was developed for violent forensic psychiatric in- and outpatients (adolescents and adults) with a (oppositional—defiant) conduct disorder or an antisocial personality disorder. First, the conditions for promoting "treatment integrity" are examined. Then, target groups, framework, and procedure are described in detail, followed by the most important clinical findings during the period 2002 to 2006. Finally, new programme developments are mentioned, with aggression control therapy as a starting point. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279927 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279926&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F206%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the impact on reconviction of appropriate allocation to three general offending behavior programs involving adult male offenders in the English and Welsh Probation Service. Appropriate allocation was defined by level of risk for reconviction. There were three allocation groups: too low, appropriate, and too high. Using a quasi-experimental design, the reconviction rates of offenders who were allocated to and completed a program, offenders allocated to a program who failed to start, and a comparison group were compared. It was found that the appropriateness of allocation affected reconviction independently of treatment group. Furthermore, in line with the risk principle, there was an interaction between treatment group and the appropriateness of allocation. (Source: Inte... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279926 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279925&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F196%3Frss%3D1 The prevalence and pattern of criminal behaviour in a population of 313 former child psychiatric in-patients with pervasive developmental disorders were studied. The patients were divided into three subgroups and compared with 933 matched controls from the general population. Age at follow-up was between 25 years and 59 years. An account of convictions in the nationwide Danish Register of Criminality was used as a measure of criminal behaviour. Among 113 cases with childhood autism, .9% had been convicted. In atypical autism (n = 86) and Asperger's syndrome (n = 114) the percentages were 8.1% and 18.4%, respectively. The corresponding rate of convictions in the comparison groups was 18.9%, 14.7%, and 19.6% respectively. Particular attention is given to arson in Asperger's syndrome (p = .00... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279925 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279924&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F185%3Frss%3D1 This pilot study investigated the defense styles of pedophile sexual offenders. Interviews with 20 pedophiles and 20 controls were scored using the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales. Results showed that pedophiles had a significantly lower overall defensive functioning score than the controls. Pedophiles used significantly fewer obsessionallevel defenses but more major image-distorting and action-level defenses. Results also suggested differences in the prevalence of individual defenses where pedophiles used more dissociation, displacement, denial, autistic fantasy, splitting of object, projective identification, acting out, and passive aggressive behavior but less intellectualization and rationalization. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279924 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279923&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F175%3Frss%3D1 Few researchers have investigated the potentially predictive power of motives for childhood and adolescent animal cruelty as it is associated with interpersonal violence in adulthood. Based on a sample of 261 inmates at medium- and maximum-security prisons in a southern state, the present study examines the relationship among several retrospectively reported motives (anger, fun, dislike, and imitation) for animal cruelty and violent crime convictions (assault, rape, and murder). Almost half reported abusing animals out of anger, whereas more than one third did so for fun. Dislike for the animal and imitation were less frequently occurring motives. Participants who abused animals at an earlier age and those who did so out of anger or for fun were more likely to repeat the offense. Regressio... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279923 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279922&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F158%3Frss%3D1 This study examined 33 adolescents adjudicated delinquent or awaiting trial for murder and 38 adolescents who committed violent, nonhomicidal offenses to determine whether the two groups differed significantly on family history, early development, delinquency history, mental health, and weapon possession variables. The nonhomicide group proved more problematic on many of these measures. Two key factors did distinguish the homicide group: These adolescents endorsed the greater availability of guns and substance abuse at the time of their commitment offenses. The significance of this finding is discussed, and the implications for risk management and policy are reviewed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279922 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279921&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F2%2F134%3Frss%3D1 In this study, Hirschi's social bonding theory is employed to identify what aspects of the theory can explain male and female delinquency and whether social bonding variables can equally explain male and female delinquency (generalizability problem) in a developing society, Turkey. The data include a two-stage-stratified cluster sample of 1,710 high school students from the central districts of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The findings suggest that social bonding variables play a more important role for male students than for female students. Furthermore, they indicate that components of the social bonding theory can equally explain both male and female delinquent acts. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279921 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1279920&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F2%2F131%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1279920 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1279920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127817&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F112%3Frss%3D1 Human verbal language communicates both manifest and latent messages concerning the speaker's world and behavior. To understand his world and analyze his problems,1 it is important to decode the latent messages as they may hint at the root causes. The authors present a discourse analysis of a prisoner's text and a semantic and morphological analysis of it. This text reflects contempt for the law and its representatives, together with a weak attachment to legitimate society, neutralization of personal responsibility, denial of guilt, and low self-esteem. Sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic analysis points toward a more profound evaluation of the perceptions and world of the speaker. It seems that he yearns for attachment, for understanding and social acceptance, and perhaps even to abandon... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127817 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127817 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127816&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F90%3Frss%3D1 This study extends this work to male offenders with intellectual disabilities. Participants from high-, medium-, and low-security settings, as well as community settings, were compared on a range of risk assessments. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, HCR-20—Historical Scale, the Risk Matrix 2000-C (combined risk), and the Emotional Problems Scales—Internalising discriminated between groups, with participants from high security having higher scores than those in medium security, who had higher scores than those in the community. The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, all HCR-20 scales, the Short Dynamic Risk Scale, and the Emotional Problems Scales (Internalising and Externalising) showed significant areas under the curve for the prediction of violence. The Static-99 showed a signi... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127816 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127816 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127815&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F81%3Frss%3D1 The present study is a first-time evaluation of the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide's (VRAG) predictive quality for institutional violence in a German-speaking country. The VRAG was assessed for 106 violent and sexual offenders based on their files. Violent infractions during imprisonment were evaluated using the files of the state penitentiary. Results show in accordance with previous studies only a moderate effect between VRAG scores and institutional misconduct. However, these findings were only significant for participants with a sex crime as index offense. In the study, the VRAG was unable to predict verbal and physical violence by violent offenders. The implications of these findings for institutional risk management and the future development of intramural detection of participants at... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127815 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127814&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F62%3Frss%3D1 This article aims to evaluate the role of drug consumption among sexual offenders against females. Three groups of participants (N = 133) comprising sexual offenders against girls, pubertal females, and women were examined with reference to history of drug and/or alcohol use, impulsivity level, sexual addiction, and recidivism risk. Sexual offenders against women were found to have significantly more difficulties with drug use, higher impulsivity level, and to be younger than the sexual offenders against girls and pubertal females. The combination of drug consumption and higher level of impulsivity may contribute to sexual aggression against adult females. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127814 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127814 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127813&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F46%3Frss%3D1 The relationship between situational factors and the modus operandi of 103 adolescents involved in sexual offenses against children (12 years old or younger) is analyzed. Situational factors taken into account in this study are the location of the crime, the offender—victim relationship, and the presence of deviant sexual fantasies involving the victim prior to the offense. Modus operandi strategies were measured on the basis of participants' responses to Kaufman's Modus Operandi Questionnaire. Results indicate that modus operandi strategies are influenced by situational factors and that the offender's home, when no one else is home, is likely to be the place and the situation for adolescent offenders to adopt manipulative strategies. Suggestions are made regarding future modus opera... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127813 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127813 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127812&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F31%3Frss%3D1 This study examines the relationship between recidivism rates, therapeutic climate, and composition of offenders in group-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for sexual offenders. The Group Environment Scale (GES) is employed to measure social climate. The GES is administered to 73 male sexual offenders in groups of those who only victimized adults or children (five groups) or men who both victimized adults and those who victimized children (five groups). Group environment is not found to differ significantly as a function of group composition. Group member's ratings on the GES are in the medium to high range, indicating a generally positive group environment. Although the group environment overall does not differ between groups, groups do differ significantly in terms of expressive... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127812 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127812 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127811&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F21%3Frss%3D1 This article renders the results of research that investigated personality disorders in a sample of paraphilic and nonparaphilic child molesters. The sample contained 36 paraphilic child molesters and a matched comparison group of 34 nonparaphilic child molesters. The analyses of the research results show that four personality disorders discriminate between both groups. Only the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder contributes significantly to the explanation of paraphilic child molestation. This result also contributes to the development and differentiation of the treatment of paraphilia-related disorders. For several child molesters, psychological approaches to the treatment of sexual offending (e.g., cognitive—behavioral treatment, psychotherapy in general) are limited and ca... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127811 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127811 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127810&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F52%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 Forensic psychiatric reports on 166 sexual homicide perpetrators in Germany were retrospectively analyzed for criminal risk factors. Follow-up information about release and reconvictions from federal criminal records was available for 139 offenders; 90 (64.7%) had been released. The estimated recidivism rate (Kaplan—Meier analyses) for 20 years at risk was 23.1% for sexual and 18.3% for nonsexual violent reoffences. Three men (3.3%) were reconvicted for attempted or completed homicide. Only young age at the time of sexual homicide resulted in higher sexual recidivism, whereas increased nonsexual violent recidivism was related to previous sexual and nonsexual delinquency, psychopathic symptoms, and higher scores in risk assessment instruments. Increased recidivism with any violent reo... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127810 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1127809&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F52%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1127809 Thu, 03 Jan 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1127809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023186&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F723%3Frss%3D1 Although the vast majority of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are law-abiding citizens, there is a small percentage with offending behaviour that is considered antisocial, socially inappropriate, or defined as illegal. It has long been recognised that individuals with ID or mental-health needs who break the law should be dealt with differently from the general population. There have been an increasing number of empirical studies in this area; however, these have been plagued by various definitional and methodological issues. Prevalence estimates of offenders with ID are complicated by diagnostic variations and inconsistencies in the criminal justice process. International studies have shown a large range, from 2% to 40%, depending on methodological approaches. The following... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023186 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023186 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023185&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F703%3Frss%3D1 Eleven female drug-court participants looked at current and past experiences to assess their program and envision future program innovations. From these women's perspective, the strongest component of drug court was being surrounded by staff dedicated to their progress and recovery. Graduated supervision and accurate drug testing were appreciated rather than resented when the participants were not humiliated and were treated with respect. Wraparound services, resources, and referral; treatment facilities that accepted children; and individualized treatment plans and therapy with offenders who are ex-addicts, and preferably females, allowed for greater involvement and active participation in recovery. Progressing through three phases, acquiring skills, a job, and visitation rights to see th... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023185 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023185 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023184&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F686%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the authors propose a rational choice framework in which treatment retention is viewed as a decision-making process that involves calculation of costs and benefits of remaining in treatment. Environmental factors not directly related to the treatment process are theorized to either reward or punish the course of action taken by each treatment client. Retention data from 1,984 drug-abusing felons diverted for long-term residential treatment were analyzed to test the hypotheses that criminal sanctions against drug offenses, violence in local drug markets, and lack of legitimate job opportunities act as deterrents against premature termination of treatment. Results corroborated the criminal sanction and unemployment hypotheses, but not the violence hypothesis. These findings hi... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023184 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023184 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023183&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F676%3Frss%3D1 The MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence produced an instrument for classifying hospitalized psychiatric patients according to their risk of behaving violently following discharge. The instrument, Classification of Violence Risk (COVR) has been computerized and is now commercially available to clinicians. A validation study performed by the original researchers showed that when the instrument was applied to a new sample of patients, it demonstrated a considerable reduction in positive predictive power. Potential factors affecting the instrument's accuracy in applied settings are reviewed. It is concluded that, until additional research clarifies uncertainty about the instrument, clinicians would do well to be very cautious in utilizing COVR results to make judgments as to violen... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023183 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023182&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F646%3Frss%3D1 This article is a content analysis of 150 unique cases of children killing parents in the United States as reported in the electronic news media. The accuracy of online coverage of U.S. parricide incidents is assessed using two types of resources: officially reported national statistics on known parricidal incidents and the psychological and psychiatric literature on matricide and patricide. Comparisons of news accounts of media-reported U.S. parricide cases with Supplementary Homicide Report data indicate that electronic media coverage of parricide cases focused on the more sensational and unusual parricides. Analyses of these media accounts by offender age found 13 significant differences between juvenile and adult offenders. Ten of these 13 differences related to motive and Heide's parr... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023182 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023181&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F6%2F620%3Frss%3D1 A large body of research has revealed that aggressive personality traits and violent criminal behaviors are influenced by genetic factors. Surprisingly, however, no research has been devoted to investigating the potential genetic origins to adolescent victimization. In the current study, the authors address this gap in the literature by using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine whether different variants of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) are related to victimization, net of the effects of environmental measures. The results of the multivariate models revealed a significant gene X environment interaction in the creation of victimization for White males. Specifically, DRD2 interacted with delinquent peers to predict victimization. The ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023181 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1023180&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F51%2F6%2F619%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1023180 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1023180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862737&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F599%3Frss%3D1 Research has repeatedly showed that males aged between 16 and 24 years old account for a disproportionately large volume of crime. Armed forces are major employers of young males in their crime-prone ages and thus could play an essential role in crime prevention. The military is a highly structured and regimented total institution in which rigid behavioral norms and very close monitoring are imposed both on soldiers and on officers. Using data from 65 countries for the period of 1995 to 1999, this study assesses the crime-reduction function of the military by testing the influence of the relative size of the armed forces and the existence of conscription on national rates of homicide. The findings show that the size of the military and the existence of conscription are significantly relate... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862737 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862737 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862736&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F578%3Frss%3D1 In this article we operationalise the theoretical concepts of the Good Lives Model (GLM) of offender rehabilitation by providing a step-by-step framework for assessment, formulation, treatment planning, and monitoring with a high-risk violent offender residing in the community. The case study illustrates how the GLM can be applied to complement and enhance traditional Risk-Management interventions and shows how the GLM's clinical relevance extends from sex offending to broader offending typologies. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862736 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862736 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862735&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F555%3Frss%3D1 This study examines New York State's diversion efforts focused on youth with mental health and substance abuse problems who are at risk of out-of-community placement (N = 2,309). Twelve counties participated in the Mental Health Juvenile Justice (MH/JJ) Diversion Project. Overall, the initiative was successful in reducing out-of-community placement and recidivism for diverted youth. In regression analysis site, services received, and problem-profile variables were important predictors of out-of-community placement. Prior record, prior placement, and significant mental health problems were statistically significant predictors of recidivism. This suggests some contrasts in explaining the results of two important goals of the MH/JJ project. Study results and implications for future research a... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862735 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862734&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F541%3Frss%3D1 The present study introduces and discusses the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China. The law was promulgated in the context of Chinese socioeconomic reforms and legal reforms in response to the rising delinquency since the early 1980s. The study explains the social and political background of the law with respect to the patterns of delinquency in China. The law has several main features that reflect the Chinese philosophical underpinnings of crime prevention and control, and the study discusses the connection between the law and the traditional Chinese philosophy and thinking. Finally, the study discusses the challenges to the enforcement of the law in Chinese society, which has lacked a legal tradition in its history. (Source: International Journal of Offe... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862734 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862733&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F523%3Frss%3D1 The purposes of this exploratory study are to present a model of the competency-based counseling training program with correctional officers in Taiwan and highlight findings from a qualitative exploration. Grounded theory procedures are used to explore 23 correctional officers' perceptions of the training program. This training program results in positive feelings about the significant learning experience, greater theoretical knowledge, and a greater understanding of the counseling work. In addition, eight themes emerging from the data pertain to the significant experiences of the training process. These themes are outlined and discussed. Implications for correctional officers' counseling training program and research questions for future study are also suggested. (Source: International Jo... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862733 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862732&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F510%3Frss%3D1 As a result of limited budgets, many treatment programs are forced to operate for extended periods at or beyond their capacity. The resulting pressure and stress on treatment staff can be taxing and lead to serious problems, including job burnout. Although the concept of burnout within other social service professions has been broadly researched, less attention has been given to burnout among drug abuse treatment staff, especially among corrections-based drug treatment staff. The goal of this article is to extend this area of research by exploring the impact of individual factors and organizational factors on burnout. Findings revealed that although a number of factors were related to staff burnout, younger counselor age, lower adaptability, poorer clarity of agency mission, and higher str... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862732 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862731&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F5%2F495%3Frss%3D1 School bullying is a major social problem in most countries and is especially of concern to school administrators and teachers. The typical place in which bullying occurs is at school. For this reason, school administrators and teachers are often held responsible for its occurrence, prevention, and management. However, in spite of concerted efforts to prevent this problem, bullying continues to plague most schools. Previous research and this study suggest that the etiology of bullying is more directly related to conditions at home rather than to conditions at school. Thus, the authors have hypothesized that bullying is associated with physically harming children in their homes and the coping responses that result from this physical harm. This research surveyed a sample of 852 university st... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862731 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=862730&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F51%2F5%2F491%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=862730 Tue, 11 Sep 2007 04:00:00 +0100 862730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754799&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F51%2F4%2F486%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754799 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754798&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F461%3Frss%3D1 This study allows participants to develop their own set of relevant consequences for three hypothetical offenses and examines how several demographic and theoretical variables impact those consequences' relevance. Exploratory results suggest individual factors impact the perceived relevance of several cost and benefit types, even among a relatively homogenous sample of college students. Implications for future tests of rational choice theory, as well as policy implications are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754798 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754797&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F444%3Frss%3D1 This article will present a pilot and follow-up study. The methods, including the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) and the Beck Depression Inventory–Short Form, will be delineated. What was revealed was that although the FEATS proved more effective as a measurement tool for the pilot than for the follow-up study, ultimately, the results reflected a significant decrease in depressive symptoms in those inmates who participated in the program. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754797 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754796&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F433%3Frss%3D1 The present study compares the Historical, Clinical, and Risk Management–20 (HCR-20) checklist in a male offender population of 108 adolescents using the relationship between the offender and the victim as a classification factor. Two types of relationship were retained for comparison purposes: family victim/known victim and unknown victim. All adolescents admitted to the Adolescent program of Montréal's Philippe-Pinel Institute from February 1998 to April 2003 were assessed and their families were met. The HCR-20 checklist was completed for each adolescent. Statistically significant differences were observed for the mean rank of the total score of the HCR-20 and two sub-scales, the historical subscale (H) and the risk management subscale (R). The results indicate that the ado... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754796 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754795&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F420%3Frss%3D1 The observation and description of 10 cases of sexual murderers of adult male victims lead to the identification of significant differences between this type of sexual murderer and sexual murderers of adult female victims. A classification is proposed based on the description of the entire criminal event. Three distinctive types are identified: (a) the avenger, (b) the sexual predator, and (c) the nonsexual predator. The motivation and the characteristics of the entire criminal event, which includes the study of the offender, the victim, and the context of the crime are discussed for the three types. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754795 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754794&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F407%3Frss%3D1 In this study, research was done on the criminal profiles of a large group of juvenile sex-only and sex-plus (sex and other offenses) delinquents (N = 4,430) in the Netherlands. Use was made of information from police records. Results show that sex-plus offenders start their careers earlier, that more of these offenders are of non-Dutch origin, that they commit more crimes, and will partly continue their criminal career after their adolescence. Juvenile sex-only offenders rarely go on committing crimes. In sex-plus offenders, sexual crimes play only a minor role in their total crime repertory. As time goes by, their criminal career will develop into the direction of property crimes. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study will be discussed. (Source: International Journal of... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754794 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754793&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F384%3Frss%3D1 This article provides unique information about the crimes committed by child care providers in that it is focused on crime characteristics, rather than on personality or treatment variables. Furthermore, it represents a comprehensive examination of this type of offender by including understudied groups, namely juvenile and female offenders. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754793 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754792&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F4%2F369%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the current trends in sex offender legislation, including mandatory sentencing, civil commitment, community notification, monitoring, and supervision and the impact these policies may have on sex offender recidivism and treatment. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754792 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=754791&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F51%2F4%2F367%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=754791 Tue, 24 Jul 2007 04:00:00 +0100 754791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599600&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F348%3Frss%3D1 This article is based on an ethnographic study of a cottage for violent offenders in one state's maximum-security training school. Staff members working in the cottage were the institution's front line in its attempts to hold the youth accountable for their crimes while also trying to resocialize and rehabilitate young men who were growing up with few conforming role models. As such, cottage staff members were put in the difficult position of juggling their roles as corrections officers, counselors, and surrogate parents. To effectively do their job, they had to find ways to balance the rhetoric of rehabilitation with the punitive reality of daily life in the institution. This article details the juvenile justice career paths of the staff members in the cottage and provides a sociological ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599600 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599600 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599599&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F340%3Frss%3D1 The present study was designed to investigate the current status of mandated treatment in prison for sexual offenders in Taiwan. The information-gathering methods were composed of two parts: questionnaires and interviews. The results showed the difficulties of mandated treatment in prison, including poor client adherence, the lack of consistent disciplines for the therapists, a standardized algorithm, and explicit laws and rules, the safety concerns of the therapists, and a shortage of staff. The development of mandated treatment in prison of sexual offenders in Taiwan is still in its early stage, and the treatment models have not yet been integrated. A cooperative and collaborative center for the mandated treatment in prison of sexual offenders and an integrated rule and treatment model s... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599599 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599599 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599598&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F324%3Frss%3D1 This study is the first systematic examination of the social dynamics involved in kidnapping. Data came from court cases, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews from incarcerated inmates. Results showed that kidnappers' financial crises and friendships with ringleaders were two primary motives. Most kidnapping cases involved a small number of offenders who form an ad hoc kidnapping group. Victims were not randomly chosen and share a geographic tie with the offenders. The process of kidnapping is idiosyncratic in nature, as most kidnappers improvised their plans. The negotiation phase in kidnapping is done hastily, and the amount of ransom is often a compromised result of offenders' needs, victim's family's financial status, timing, and the offenders' perception of risks. Ways to prevent k... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599598 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599597&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F313%3Frss%3D1 Since 1990, 17 states have passed legislation allowing for the civil commitment of a small number of sex offenders who are deemed at a particularly high risk for reoffense. Despite the very public and controversial nature of these laws, little is known about the individuals who are detained pursuant to them. The current article presents data on 190 civilly committed and detained sexually violent predators in Washington State. These sexual offenders suffer from a variety of mental illnesses. The modal offender is diagnosed with both an Axis I and an Axis II disorder. Furthermore, these offenders are at moderate to high risk for reoffense and present with a significant degree of psychopathy. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599597 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599597 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599596&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F298%3Frss%3D1 This study compared 58 sexual murderers and 112 rapists who were about to undergo treatment in prison for their sexual offending behavior. The two groups were compared on background, personality, offense, and victim characteristics. The sexual murderer group were less likely to have been involved in a relationship at the time of their index offense, generally attacked older victims, and had higher self-esteem. The rapist sample were found to have more violent previous convictions and scored higher on measures of historical deviance (nonsexual), paranoid suspicion, and resentment. No differences were found on the personality or clinical syndrome scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III. However, the rapist sample had significantly higher mean scores on the Paranoid Suspi... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599596 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599595&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F279%3Frss%3D1 The rehabilitation of offenders is an evaluative and capability-building process and is concerned with promoting primary goods and managing risk. At the heart of this process is the construction of a more adaptive narrative identity and the acquisition of capabilities to enable offenders to secure important values in their postrelease environments. In this article, the authors examine the idea of narrative identity and its relationship to values and to assessment and treatment. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599595 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599595 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599594&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F264%3Frss%3D1 Since crack cocaine first appeared on the streets of the United States, the criminal justice system has been overwhelmed with poor, minority drug offenders. This situation can be attributed in part to the existence of mandatory minimum sentences that treat violations associated with crack cocaine more harshly than those associated with powder cocaine. Using data from New York City, the present study uses Black's theory of law to help understand discrepancies in crack and cocaine dispositions. Results show mixed support for Black's propositions. Racial minorities are more likely to be charged with a felony and receive longer prison sentences compared to Whites. Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed. (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599594 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599593&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F51%2F3%2F254%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to analyze the differential profile of male batterers in prison with and without psychopathy. The sample consisted of 162 perpetrators sentenced for a serious offence against their intimate partner. The prevalence of psychopathy or psychopathic traits, established according to the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised, was about 12%. The psychopathic batterers were younger, more impulsive, more suspicious, and less empathetic and had lower self-esteem than nonpsychopathic batterers. However, the psychopathic batterers were not engaged in intimate femicide more often than were the nonpsychopathic batterers. The severity of the crime was similar in both groups, so it may be attributed to other variables (e.g., substance abuse, intoxication at the time of the offence, ... International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599593 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=599592&cid=s_27144_36_f&fid=27144&url=http%3A%2F%2Fijo.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F51%2F3%2F251%3Frss%3D1 (Source: International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=599592 Thu, 03 May 2007 04:00:00 +0100 599592