MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'International Journal of Photoenergy' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 13:01:37 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5663908&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjbt%2F2012%2F820514%2F Conclusions. The heterogeneity found among Hispanic donors in this study is valuable for the design of recruitment strategies to increase blood donations. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5663908 Mon, 06 Feb 2012 17:39:39 +0100 5663908 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643542&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcrim%2F2012%2F120267%2F Conclusion. The SMart stapes prosthesis is widely used and has been shown to be safe and provide good hearing outcomes. Displacement of a stapes prosthesis is the commonest cause of failure. Our case shows that deterioration of hearing thresholds can occur from uncrimping of the prosthesis with no displacement. It is important to improve our understanding of stapedotomy failure as revision procedures are associated with poorer outcomes. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643542 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643541&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcrim%2F2012%2F976078%2F Biliary microhamartomas, also known as bile duct hamartomas and von Meyenburg complexes, are benign neoplasms containing cystic dilated bile ducts embedded in fibrous stroma. They develop in hepatobiliary system, do not generally give clinical outcomes, and are detected incidentally. However, they can rarely show malignant transformation. Our aim was to report the contribution of computed tomography, routine magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliary microhamartomas in a 61-year-old woman. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643541 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643541 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643540&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fdrt%2F2012%2F313689%2F Maternal depression is one of the most well-documented risk factors for child and adolescent depression, but little work has focused on how to reduce this risk. Although a few interventions have been developed and tested, implementing targeted prevention efforts with depressed mothers and their children is not common practice. The increased risk of depression for children of depressed mothers is so clear, however, professionals can no longer “sit on the sidelines” without initiating specific prevention efforts with this population. To do so requires a paradigm shift—moving from a focus on individual treatment to a prevention approach that engages the entire family as the unit of care. The purpose of this paper is to draw on existing literature to highlight potential “pathways t... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643540 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643540 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643539&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjeph%2F2012%2F959343%2F Conclusions. Highest rates of female breast cancer mortality in Texas have shifted over time from southeastern areas towards northern and eastern areas, and breast cancer mortality at the county level is distributed heterogeneously based on racial/ethnic status. Non-Hispanic blacks were at highest risk in the northeastern region and lowest risk in the southern region, while Hispanics were at highest risk in the southern region along the border with Mexico and lowest risk in the northeastern region. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643539 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643539 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643538&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fdte%2F2012%2F815476%2F Pancreaticopleural fistula is a rare complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. This usually presents with chest symptoms due to pleural effusion, pleural pseudocyst, or mediastinal pseudocyst. Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion in patients who develop alcohol-induced pancreatitis and present with pleural effusion which is recurrent or persistent. Analysis of pleural fluid for raised amylase will confirm the diagnosis and investigations like CT. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ECRP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) may establish the fistulous communication between the pancreas and pleural cavity. The optimal treatment strategy has traditionally been medical management with exocrine suppression with octreotide and ERCP stentin... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643538 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643538 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643537&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fidog%2F2012%2F878241%2F Conclusions. Urogenital infections were prevalent in women in preterm labor and full-term labor; however, significant differences between the groups were not observed. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643537 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643536&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fads%2F2011%2F495392%2F Rough set theory uses the concept of upper and lower approximations to encapsulate inherent inconsistency in real-world objects. Information multisystems are represented using multisets instead of crisp sets. This paper begins with an overview of recent works on multisets and rough sets. Rough multiset is introduced in terms of lower and upper approximations and explores related properties. The paper concludes with an example of certain types of information multisystems. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643536 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643535&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjop%2F2012%2F412752%2F This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal ultrasound (US) irradiation for green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid transfer into the rabbit retina using a miniature US transducer. Intravitreal US irradiation was performed by a slight modification of the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system utilizing a small probe. After vitrectomy, the US probe was inserted through a scleral incision. A mixture of GFP plasmid (50 μL) and bubble liposomes (BLs; 50 μL) was injected into the vitreous cavity, and US was generated to the retina using a SonoPore 4000. The control group was not exposed to US. After 72 h, the gene-transfer efficiency was quantified by counting the number of GFP-positive cells. The retinas that received plasmid, BL, and U... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643535 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643534&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijmb%2F2012%2F680232%2F No-cook process using granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme (GSHE) was evaluated for Indian broken rice and pearl millet. One-factor-at-a-time optimization method was used in ethanol production to identify optimum concentration of GSHE, under yeast fermentation conditions using broken rice and pearl millet as fermentation feedstocks. An acid fungal protease at a concentration of 0.2 kg per metric ton of grain was used along with various dosages of GSHE under yeast fermentation conditions to degrade the grain proteins into free amino nitrogen for yeast growth. To measure the efficacy of GSHE to hydrolyze no-cook broken rice and pearl millet, the chemical composition, fermentation efficiency, and ethanol recovery were determined. In both feedstocks, fermentation efficiency and ethanol re... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643534 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643533&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fcrim%2Fobgyn%2F2012%2F248564%2F Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy associated with severe complications such as uterine rupture, uncontrollable bleeding which may lead to hysterectomy, and definitive infertility. Many therapeutic options are available such as Dilatation & Curetage, excision of trophoblastic tissues using either laparotomy or laparoscopy, systemically administered Methotrexate, and more recently uterine artery embolization. The use of Methotrexate sometimes required laparotomy later because of severe hemorrhage. Through this paper, we demonstrated that viable cesarean scar pregnancy can be managed safely by systemically delivered Methotrexate at the cost of a prolonged followup. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643533 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643532&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijic%2F2011%2F108087%2F TiO2 materials were prepared from a titanium isopropoxide precursor by sol-gel processing in water media with or without various templates (polyethylenimine or Pluronic P-123). The photocatalytic efficiency of the samples was found to depend strongly on the use of and type of template added. Titania/Pluronic sols resulted in homogeneous anatase TiO2—rutile with uniform particle size distribution after calcination (400°C). Optical properties of the samples were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and crystalline structures by X-ray diffraction. A surfactant-assisted sol-gel process retarded crystallization of the anatase and rutile titania, which resulted in smaller grain sizes and presumably a larger active surface area. The morphology of the surfaces was obtained by AFM techniques... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643532 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643531&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fabi%2F2012%2F672749%2F Bioinformatics, for its very nature, is devoted to a set of targets that constantly evolve. Training is probably the best response to the constant need for the acquisition of bioinformatics skills. It is interesting to assess the effects of training in the different sets of researchers that make use of it. While training bench experimentalists in the life sciences, we have observed instances of changes in their attitudes in research that, if well exploited, can have beneficial impacts in the dialogue with professional bioinformaticians and influence the conduction of the research itself. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643531 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643530&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjfsa%2F2012%2F737534%2F We give a decomposition for the dual space of some Banach Function Spaces as the Zygmund space EXPα of the exponential integrable functions, the Marcinkiewicz space Lp,∞, and the Grand Lebesgue Space Lp),θ. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643530 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643529&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fcrim%2Fophmed%2F2011%2F679751%2F Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion is commonly being treated with off-label intravitreal bevacizumab with good outcomes. A significant reduction in macular edema and improvement in visual acuity is seen following such a treatment with no serious adverse effects. In the reported case, a full-thickness macular hole was noticed one month after intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema secondary to hemicentral retinal vein occlusion. On a detailed review of the pre- and postoptical coherence tomography scans, it was realized that there was a preexisting stage 2-3 macular hole which was masked by the hemorrhages and edema at the fovea and the macular hole had progressed following the injection. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643529 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5643528&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijic%2F2011%2F274073%2F The crystal structure of the new inorganic-organic hybrid compound [4-CH3C6H4CH2NH3]2[CdCl4] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with lattice parameters a=10.721(2), b=33.986(6), c=5.326(1) Å, β=97.222(1)°, V=1940.8(7) Å3, and Z=4. The framework of the title compound is built upon layers parallel to (010) made up from corner-sharing CdCl6 octahedra. 4-Methylbenzylammonium cations are situated between the layers and connect them via an N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding network. The Cd atom is located on an inversion centre, and the coordination environment is described as distorted octahedral. Solid state 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy is in agreement with the X-ra... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5643528 Tue, 31 Jan 2012 11:10:23 +0100 5643528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624383&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Faess%2F2012%2F743413%2F White clover is frequently used as a leguminous cover crop, serving as green manure, and is also included with grasses in cattle feed mixtures. Numerous biological effects reported for clover cultivation have been attributed to the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Thus far the presence in soil of bioactive secondary metabolites from clover has received limited attention. In this paper we examine for the first time the release of flavonoids both from field-grown white clover and from soil-incorporated white clover plants of flavonoids, as analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The dominant flavonoid aglycones were formononetin, medicarpin, and kaempferol. Soil-incorporated white clover plants generated high concentrations of the glycosides kaempferol-Rha-Xyl-Gal and quercetin-Xyl-Gal. Substant... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624383 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624383 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624382&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjam%2F2012%2F575387%2F We construct new analytical solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional modified KdV-Zakharov-Kuznetsev equation by the Exp-function method. Plentiful exact traveling wave solutions with arbitrary parameters are effectively obtained by the method. The obtained results show that the Exp-function method is effective and straightforward mathematical tool for searching analytical solutions with arbitrary parameters of higher-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624382 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624382 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624381&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjnume%2F2012%2F545341%2F In conclusion, accelerated growth rate caused by high protein formula and antibiotics was not supported by increased protein synthesis in muscle and carcass. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624381 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624380&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fpsyche%2F2012%2F480483%2F Adult mosquito size is constrained by conditions experienced in the larval stage including the amount and quality of diet. The energy expended collecting diet depends partly on its concentration, the water depth, and the mosquito species. In order to better understand these interactions, individual Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles were cultured to the adult stage in three types of experiments in which one of the following conditions was fixed and the other two were varied: water volume, diet amount, and diet concentration. In addition to survival, days of development to pupation and wing length were determined. The same outcomes were measured in experiments for which special containers were constructed that allowed the detection of chemical and tactile interactions. Larvae were able to develop... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624380 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624379&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmi%2F2012%2F819636%2F This study examined the potential role of IL-33 in the pathogenic process of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Chinese patients. The levels of serum IL-33 and sST2 in 154 patients with CHC, 24 with spontaneously resolved HCV (SR-HCV) infection and 20 healthy controls (HC), were analyzed by ELISA. The concentrations of serum IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, HCV loads, ALT, AST, and HCV-Ab were measured. We found that the levels of serum IL-33 in CHC patients were significantly higher than those of SR-HCV and HC but decreased after treatment with interferon for 12 weeks. More importantly, the levels of serum IL-33 were correlated with the concentrations of ALT and AST in CHC patients. The levels of serum sST2, as a decoy receptor of IL-33, were significantly higher in CHC ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624379 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624378&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijrm%2F2012%2F476908%2F Presently, there exist few numerical methods which treat the inverse problem for the determination of the geometry of wind turbine blades. In this work, authors intend to solve the inverse optimum project for horizontal axis wind turbine in which the selection of the circulation distribution is obtained by resolving two variational problems: the first consists in sorting the circulation distribution on the lifting line, which, for a given power extracted by the wind turbine, minimizes the loses due to the induced velocity. In the second, the optimal circulation distribution is selected such that the kinetic energy of the wind downstream of the rotor disc is minimum, when the energy extracted by the wind turbine for one rotating period is imposed. A code has been developed which incorporate... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624378 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624377&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijmb%2F2012%2F916129%2F The selection of antibiotic resistance by cotrimoxazole prophylaxis was evaluated, and we characterized the mechanism of cotrimoxazole resistance in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. In vitro susceptibility to six antibiotics was evaluated on 64 mutans streptococci group (MSG) isolates from a cotrimoxazole prophylaxis group and compared to 84 MSG isolates from a nonprophylaxis group. The folA and folP genes were sequenced and compared with reference sequences at NCBI. Only resistance to cotrimoxazole was significantly higher in the prophylaxis group (54.7% versus 15.5%, OR=6.59, 95% CI: 2.89–15.3, P<0.05). Resistance to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline was 1.4%, 25.5%, 6.2%, 6.5%, and 29.6% of ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624377 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624376&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fam%2F2011%2F372591%2F The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a multimedia signalling protocol that has evolved into a widely adopted communication standard. The integration of SIP into existing IP networks has fostered IP networks becoming a convergence platform for both real-time and non-real-time multimedia communications. This converged platform integrates data, voice, video, presence, messaging, and conference services into a single network that offers new communication experiences for users. The open source community has contributed to SIP adoption through the development of open source software for both SIP clients and servers. In this paper, we provide a survey on open SIP systems that can be built using publically available software. We identify SIP features for service development and programming, se... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624376 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5624375&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fad%2F2012%2F189096%2F CD8+ T-cell deficiency is a feature of many chronic autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, vitiligo, bullous pemphigoid, alopecia areata, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and pernicious anaemia. It also occurs in healthy blood relatives of patients with autoimmune diseases, suggesting it is genetically determined. Here it is proposed that this CD8+ T-cell deficiency underlies the development of chronic autoimmune dise... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5624375 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 18:18:57 +0100 5624375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549335&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fja%2F2011%2F645670%2F Atopic dermatitis of the head and neck (HNAD) is recognized as a separate condition. Malassezia, the predominant skin microbiota fungus, is considered to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD), especially HNAD. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between the levels of specific IgE antibodies, colonization frequency of eight predominant Malassezia species, and clinical severity in 61 patients with HNAD (26 mild, 24 moderate, and 11 severe cases). As clinical severity increased, the levels of specific IgE antibodies against eight Malassezia species also increased. Species diversity of the Malassezia microbiota in scale samples from patients was analyzed by nested PCR using species-specific primers. The clinical severity of HNAD was correlated with the total level of specific I... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549335 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 10:24:14 +0100 5549335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549334&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjnm%2F2011%2F697071%2F Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) stabilized with polyamidoamine dendrimers (Au-PAMAM) or sodium citrate (Au-CITRATE) were synthesized and complexed with polyaniline emeraldine-salt form (ES-PANI). The complexes were characterized using structural and morphological techniques, including X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zeta Potential analyses, and Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). When the Au-CITRATE NPs are added to the polymeric solution, the formation of a precipitate is clearly observed. The precipitate exhibited a different morphology from that found for ES-PANI and Au-CITRATE NPs, suggesting the formation of ES-PANI coating over the surface of Au-CITRATE NPs. On the other hand, when the Au-PAMAM NPs are incorporated into the ES-PANI solution, non... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549334 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 10:24:14 +0100 5549334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5549333&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijct%2F2011%2F824742%2F We reexamine Albert and Nowakowski's variation on the game of Nim, called End-Nim, in which the players may only remove coins from the leftmost or rightmost piles. We reformulate Albert and Nowakowski's solution to this game. We examine its misère version and a further variant where the winner is the player who reduces the game to a single pile; we call this Loop-End-Nim. We show that the three games, End-Nim, misère-End-Nim, and Loop-End-Nim, all have the same losing positions, except for the positions where all the piles are of equal size. We also give some partial results concerning the higher Sprague-Grundy values of the three games. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5549333 Thu, 29 Dec 2011 10:24:14 +0100 5549333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5482612&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fcrim%2Fcc%2F2011%2F138341%2F Conclusions. Herpes simplex virus must be considered in all patients presenting with liver failure of unknown cause. If suspected, prompt treatment with acyclovir should be initiated. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5482612 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 06:53:06 +0100 5482612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5482611&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcggr%2F2011%2F826862%2F Population-based studies have investigated the relation between β-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma and white matter lesions (WMLs). However, these circulating levels of β-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma may not reliably reflect the actual degree of amyloid present in the brain. Therefore, we investigated the relation between WMLs and β-amyloid plaques and amyloid angiopathy in brain tissue. WML on MRI or CT were rated in 28 nondemented patients whose neuroimaging was available prior to death. β-amyloid in plaques and arterioles were immunohistochemically stained and quantified in postmortem brain necropsies. WMLs were present in 43% of the total population. Both cortex and periventricular region showed no differences for β-amyloid ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5482611 Thu, 08 Dec 2011 06:53:06 +0100 5482611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321074&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijce%2F2011%2F545234%2F Various quaternary CuInxGa1−xS2 (0≤x≤1) chalcopyrite nanoparticles have been prepared from molecular single-source precursors via microwave decomposition. We were able to control the nanoparticle size, phase, stoichiometry, and solubility. Depending on the choice of surface modifiers used, we were able to tune the solubility of the resulting nanoparticles. This method has been used to generate up to 5 g of nanoparticles and up to 150 g from multiple batch reactions with excellent reproducibility. Data from UV-Vis, photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, TEM, DSC/TGA-MS, and ICP-OES analyses have shown high reproducibility in nanoparticle size, composition, and bandgap. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321074 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321073&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijhep%2F2011%2F136816%2F Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that NCX 1000 has potent cytoprotective, antioxidant, and hypoinsulinemic properties that can be enhanced by combination with vitamin E. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321073 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321072&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijso%2F2011%2F468698%2F Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is increasingly used in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal malignancies. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the incidence of gastrointestinal events and identify risk factors associated with this treatment approach. Between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2009, 147 patients with appendiceal and colorectal carcinomatosis were treated. Gastrointestinal events were analyzed. The overall incidence of grade I–IV gastrointestinal events was 17%. There were 4 grade III gastrointestinal events that occurred in 4 patients and 11 grade IV gastrointestinal events that occurred in 8 patients. On univariate analysis of grade I–IV events a statistically signi... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321072 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321071&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjam%2F2011%2F452087%2F We prove the existence of the random attractor for the stochastic discrete long wave-short wave resonance equations in an infinite lattice. We prove the asymptotic compactness of the random dynamical system and obtain the random attractor. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321071 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321070&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcggr%2F2011%2F708154%2F Obesity and ageing are both characteristics of the human population that are on the increase across the globe. It has long been established that ageing is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, and it is becoming increasingly evident that obesity is another such factor. Leptin resistance or insensitivity has been uncovered as a cause of obesity, and in addition the leptin signalling system is less potent in the elderly. Taken together, these findings reveal that this molecule may be a link between neurodegeneration and obesity or ageing. It is now known that leptin has beneficial effects on both the survival and neurophysiology of the neurons that are lost in Alzheimer's disease suggesting that it may be an important research target in t... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321070 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5321069&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fcrim%2Fradiology%2F2011%2F705062%2F Gossypiboma, or a retained surgical sponge, is a rare condition, and it can occur after any surgical intervention that requires use of internal swabs. A case of an eight-year-old girl is presented, who had right minithoracotomy for ASD closure. She was finally diagnosed to have a retained surgical sponge in the right pleural cavity. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5321069 Sun, 16 Oct 2011 08:52:21 +0100 5321069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5310380&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fcrim%2Fid%2F2011%2F942023%2F Conclusion. Pseudoseptic arthritis is a syndrome that should be in the differential diagnosis with patients with long standing inflammatory condition who present with an acute monoarthritis with no known bacterial source for septic arthritis. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5310380 Thu, 13 Oct 2011 07:44:31 +0100 5310380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194691&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fedr%2F2011%2F623472%2F Somatostatin acts via five receptors (sst1-5). We investigated if the changes in pancreatic islet sst expression in diabetic NOD mice compared to normoglycemic mice are a consequence of hyperglycemia or the ongoing immune reaction in the pancreas. Pancreatic islets were isolated from NOD mice precultured for 5 days and further cultured for 3 days at high or low glucose before examined. Islets were also isolated from NOD mice and transplanted to normal or diabetic mice in a number not sufficient to cure hyperglycemia. After three days, the transplants were removed and stained for sst1-5 and islet hormones. Overall, changes in sst islet cell expression were more common in islets cultured in high glucose concentration in vitro as compared to the islet transplantation in vivo to diabetic mice.... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194691 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 11:35:36 +0100 5194691 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5194690&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjnm%2F2011%2F216709%2F We demonstrate a simple and viable method for controlling the energy release rate and pressurization rate of nanoenergetic materials by controlling the relative elemental compositions of oxidizers. First, bimetallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with a homogeneous distribution of two different oxidizer components (CuO and Fe2O3) were generated by a conventional spray pyrolysis method. Next, the Al NPs employed as a fuel were mixed with CuO-Fe2O3 bimetallic oxide NPs by an ultrasonication process in ethanol solution. Finally, after the removal of ethanol by a drying process, the NPs were converted into energetic materials (EMs). The effects of the mass fraction of CuO in the CuO-Fe2O3 bimetallic oxide NPs on the explosive reactivity of the resulting EMs were examined by using a differential sca... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5194690 Mon, 05 Sep 2011 11:35:36 +0100 5194690 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5035212&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijn%2F2011%2F315879%2F Fructose is a sugar present in sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, and fruits. Fructose intake has increased markedly in the last two centuries, primarily due to increased intake of added sugars. Increasing evidence suggests that the excessive intake of fructose may induce fatty liver, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and kidney disease. These studies suggest that excessive intake of fructose might have an etiologic role in the epidemic of obesity, diabetes, and cardiorenal disease. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5035212 Sun, 17 Jul 2011 17:31:34 +0100 5035212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931630&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijped%2F2011%2F892624%2F This study analyzes the results of clinical trials of treatments with melatonin conducted in children, mostly focused on sleep disorders of different origin. Melatonin is beneficial not only in the treatment of dyssomnias, especially delayed sleep phase syndrome, but also on sleep disorders present in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity, autism spectrum disorders, and, in general, in all sleep disturbances associated with mental, neurologic, or other medical disorders. Sedative properties of melatonin have been used in diagnostic situations requiring sedation or as a premedicant in children undergoing anesthetic procedures. Epilepsy and febrile seizures are also susceptible to treatment with melatonin, alone or associated with conventional antiepileptic drugs. Melatonin has been ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931630 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931629&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Faps%2F2011%2F204501%2F In conclusion, major renal lesions were found on proximal tubules after AANa administration. The PKs of PAH and inulin significantly changed, and kidney functions, including the RPF and GFR, were reduced. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931629 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931629 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931628&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fobgyn%2F2011%2F160932%2F Conclusion. Prevention/effective management of obstetric emergencies will help to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in our environment. This can be achieved through the utilization of antenatal care services, making budget for pregnancies and childbirth at family level (pending the time every family participates in National Health Insurance Scheme), adequate funding of social welfare services to assist indigent patients, liberal blood donation, and regular training of doctors and nurses on this subject. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931628 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931628 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931627&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fgastroenterology%2F2011%2F625842%2F Conclusions. IPAA is a good option for most patients when medication fails. 10% experience failure with inferior quality of life. Protective stoma will not reduce failure rates. After an initial time period, reservoir function will not change over time. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931627 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931626&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fsurgery%2F2011%2F894829%2F In conclusion, symptomatic patents have an increased incidence of high-risk tumors and metastases at presentation. Adjuvant therapy with imatinib improves disease-free survival in patients with large abdominal GIST tumors, but no change in overall survival was noted. Finally, GISTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass in an elderly patient. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931626 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4931625&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fcardiology%2F2011%2F397136%2F Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is considerable interest in the role of dietary constituents and supplements in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. We reviewed the major publications related to potential effects on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes of some common dietary constituents: carotenoids, flavonoid-rich cocoa, tea, red wine and grapes, coffee, omega-3 fatty acids, and garlic. Increased intake of some of these has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality or reduced incidence of myocardial infraction, stroke, and hypertension. However, although the evidence from observational studies is supportive of beneficial effects for most of these foodstuffs taken as part of the diet, potential benefits fro... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4931625 Thu, 16 Jun 2011 17:41:56 +0100 4931625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4731759&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmpe%2F2011%2F406398%2F A multi-objective two stage stochastic programming model is proposed to deal with a multi-period multi-product multi-site production-distribution planning problem for a midterm planning horizon. The presented model involves majority of supply chain cost parameters such as transportation cost, inventory holding cost, shortage cost, production cost. Moreover some respects as lead time, outsourcing, employment, dismissal, workers productivity and training are considered. Due to the uncertain nature of the supply chain, it is assumed that cost parameters and demand fluctuations are random variables and follow from a pre-defined probability distribution. To develop a robust stochastic model, an additional objective functions is added to the traditional production-distribution-planning problem. ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4731759 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 13:23:29 +0100 4731759 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4731758&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Faaa%2F2011%2F545264%2F We deal with the existence and multiplicity of solutions for the periodic boundary value problem x″(t)+a(t)x(t)=λg(t)f(x)+c(t), x(0)=x(T), x′(0)=x′(T), where λ is a positive parameter. The function f:(0,∞)→(0,∞) is allowed to be singular, and the related Green's function is nonnegative and can vanish at some points. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4731758 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 13:23:29 +0100 4731758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4731757&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fecam%2F2011%2F895857%2F Asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpene compound in the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, was evaluated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male ICR mice with AA significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. In the anti-inflammatory test, AA decreased the paw edema at the 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan (Carr) administration and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver tissue. AA decreased the nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels on serum level at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4731757 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 13:23:29 +0100 4731757 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4731756&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijmms%2F2011%2F407643%2F Let Fn be the nth Fibonacci number. The order of appearance z(n) of a natural number n is defined as the smallest natural number k such that n divides Fk. For instance, for all n=Fm≥5, we have z(n−1)>z(n)<z(n+1). In this paper, we will construct infinitely many natural numbers satisfying the previous inequalities and which do not belong to the Fibonacci sequence. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4731756 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 13:23:29 +0100 4731756 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4731755&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjcse%2F2011%2F671703%2F Double integral plants under relay feedback are studied. Complete results on the uniqueness of solutions, existence, and stability of the limit cycles are established using the point transformation method. Analytical expressions are also given for determining the amplitude and period of a limit cycle from the plant parameters. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4731755 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 13:23:29 +0100 4731755 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722799&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fsrcm%2F2011%2F815190%2F Radiotherapy used in the treatment of pediatric musculoskeletal sarcomas may result in crippling defects of skeletal growth. Several radioprotective strategies have shown potential for preserving function of the irradiated epiphysis but have not been evaluated in a tumor-bearing animal model. We developed two bioluminescent human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines that were used to establish xenograft tumors in skeletally immature mice. Bioluminescence imaging and radiography allowed serial evaluation of tumor growth and tibial elongation following localized radiotherapy. High-dose (10 Gy) radiotherapy significantly reduced tumor growth velocity and prolonged the median survival of tumor-bearing mice but also resulted in a significant 3.3% shortening of the irradiated limb. Exposure to... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722799 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722798&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fapec%2F2011%2F830182%2F A method for circuit-level modelling a physically realistic Esaki tunnel diode model is presented. A paramaterisation technique that transforms the strongly nonlinear characteristic of a tunnel diode into two relatively modest nonlinear characteristics is demonstrated. The introduction of an intermediate state variable results in a physically realistic mathematical model that is not only moderately nonlinear and therefore robust, but also single-valued. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722798 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722797&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijog%2F2011%2F174729%2F A Caribbean fishery index is used to identify contrasting environmental conditions in atmosphere and ocean reanalysis fields associated with high- and low-catch years over the period 1971–2004. A number of composite features are noted: cooler surface temperatures and warmer, drier weather across the southern half of the Caribbean favors higher catch rates. There is a ridge of elevated sea level on 16°N. South of the ridge the Caribbean Current is strengthened while north of the ridge anomalous eastward currents flow past the Antilles Islands. The atmospheric Hadley circulation weakens in years of high catch and tropical cyclones are rare. This paper uncovers basin-scale forcing of aggregate fish catch, reflecting a north-south gradient in land-atmosphere hydrology, and composite... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722797 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722796&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjnm%2F2011%2F571601%2F Iron (Fe)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were produced via the metallorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) method at 700∘C. Different amounts of ferrocene as the Fe dopant source (0.001–0.05 g) were introduced inside the reactor together with the titanium precursor in order to synthesize different Fe dopant concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. Nitrogen (N2) adsorption results showed that increasing the Fe dopant concentration caused a slight increase in the surface area of the nanoparticles due to the decrease in nanoparticle size. The UV-diffuse reflectance spectra demonstrated an absorption shift in Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles to longer wavelengths, thus showing an enhancement of the absorption in the visible spectrum. Bandgap energy values determin... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722796 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722795&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fme%2F2011%2F932738%2F Effects of Reynolds number on the heat transfer characteristics of a long (heated) equilateral triangular cylinder are investigated for the range of conditions Re = 50–150 (in the steps of 10) and Prandtl number = 0.71 (air) in the unconfined unsteady cross-flow regime. In order to simulate the present situation, the computational grid is created by using commercial grid generator GAMBIT and the numerical computations are carried out by using FLUENT (6.3). The SIMPLE method is used to solve continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations along with the appropriate boundary conditions. The second order upwind scheme is used to discretize the convective terms, while the central difference scheme is used to discretize the diffusive terms in the governing equations. The present results ar... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722795 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722794&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fau%2F2011%2F256985%2F Conclusions. Bladder cancer is uncommon following renal and liver transplantation, but it can be managed successfully with local and/or extirpative therapy. The use of intravesical BCG is possible in select immunosuppressed patients. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722794 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722794 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722793&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fme%2F2011%2F251219%2F The 15-year storage aged GFRP composite dumbbell-shaped specimens were immersed in concentrated HCl at different temperatures and times. The Young modulus, which is a yardstick of stiffness of the samples, was measured. The long-term stiffness at any time and temperature was predicted by using the master curve of stiffness obtained based on our accelerated testing results. In the first, second, third, and fourth years of the prediction the stiffness was  6800, 6400, 5550, and 5150 MPa, respectively. SEM micrographs of typical samples showed failure mode at the interface. The strength showed reduction due to degradation of fiber/matrix interfacial bond. The best match of our prediction obtained by using error function was between the first and the third years. (Source: Interna... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722793 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722792&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fcardiology%2F2011%2F457247%2F More and more implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are implanted as primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, major problem in practice is to identify high-risk patients for SCD. Different methods for noninvasive risk stratification do not have a sufficient positive or negative predictive value. Since current approaches lead to implantation of ICDs in a large number of patients who will never suffer an arrhythmic event and simultaneously patients still die of SCD who currently did not seem eligible for primary preventive ICD implantation, there is a need for additional tools for risk stratification. Epidemiological studies point to a hereditary risk of SCD. Different susceptibility of each person concerning arrhythmogenic events might be explained by genetic poly... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722792 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722791&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fecam%2F2011%2F689813%2F To reduce the health care burden of strokes, the Taiwan Department of Health launched the Pilot Scheme of the Health Policy in Stroke Adjuvant Acupuncture Therapy (HPSAAT) in 2006. This cross-sectional, hospital-based, match-controlled study at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center during 2006∼2008 retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics of acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients who electively joined the HPSAAT. The study also evaluated the safety and clinical benefits of adjuvant acupuncture in treating acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients. Twenty-six HPSAAT participants and 52 age-sex matched random controls were enrolled. The stroke baseline of the HPSAAT participants was more severe than the non-HPSAAT controls. Although the stroke seve... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722791 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722790&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijdsn%2F2011%2F672313%2F Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have great potential for many distributed applications in different scenarios. As they grow in popularity and importance, it becomes increasingly desirable and necessary to share their data over the Internet. This paper presents an energy-aware middleware that focuses on integrating the Internet and WSNs at service level by providing transparency of access, location, and technology. In particular, it describes and evaluates the implemented strategies to reduce the energy consumption, which are essential for prolonging the WSN lifetime. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722790 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722789&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fsmr%2F2011%2F173064%2F A novel 0.88Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.12PbTiO3 crystal/polymer composite with 2-2 connectivity is studied at variable orientations of spontaneous polarisation vector of the crystal component. Orientation and volume-fraction dependences of the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients dh*, eh*, and gh* and hydrostatic electromechanical coupling factor kh* are related to the important role of the piezoelectric and elastic anisotropy of single-domain layers of the 2-2 composite. The record value of |eh∗|≈77 C/m2 near the absolute-minimum point and the correlation between the hydrostatic (eh*) and piezoelectric (e3j*) coefficients and between the hydrostatic (gh*) and piezoelectric (g3j*) coefficients are first established. This discovery is of value for hydrostatic ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722789 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722788&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fsurgery%2F2011%2F102743%2F We report our experience with a 45-year-old woman who presented with epigastric discomfort. A computerised tomography (CT) scan showed an adrenal mass. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological features confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal angiomyolipoma. The patient recovered without any complications following surgery. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722788 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722788 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722787&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Foncology%2F2011%2F732452%2F Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN-2a) is a rare disease associated with tumors of endocrine organs. Presentation most commonly is with medullary thyroid cancer and infrequently with other complaints. Pituitary adenoma has been seen coincidentally with this disease very rarely. Presented is a case of coincident MEN-2a with a symptomatic pituitary adenoma and an asymptomatic pheochromocytoma. A brief review is also provided. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722787 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722786&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcmmm%2F2011%2F674318%2F This present study proposes an optimal control problem, with the final goal of implementing an optimal treatment protocol which could maximize the survival time of patients and minimize the cost of drug utilizing a system of ordinary differential equations which describes the interaction of the immune system with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Optimal control problem transfers into a modified problem in measure space using an embedding method in which the existence of optimal solution is guaranteed by compactness of the space. Then the metamorphosed problem is approximated by a linear programming (LP) problem, and by solving this LP problem a suboptimal piecewise constant control function, which is more practical from the clinical viewpoint, is achieved. The comparison between the... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722786 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722786 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722785&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjnm%2F2011%2F519274%2F Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe deposits with different composition and grain sizes were fabricated by electrodeposition. Deposits with iron contents in the range from 7 to 31% were obtained by changing the Ni2+/Fe2+ mass ratio in the electrolyte. The deposits were found to be nanocrystalline with average grain size in the range 20–30 nm. The surface morphology was found to be dependent on Ni2+/Fe2+ mass ratio as well as electroplating time. The grains size decreased with increasing the iron content, especially in case of short time electroplating. Increasing the electroplating time had no significant effect on grain size. The microhardness of the materials followed the regular Hall-Petch relationship with a maximum value (762 Hv) when applying Ni2+/Fe2+ mass ratio equal to 9... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722785 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722784&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fzoology%2F2011%2F345606%2F A new species belonging to the genus Pholcus from Hainan Island, China, is described and illustrated, and under the name Pholcus acerosus sp. nov. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722784 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722784 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722783&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fnursing%2F2011%2F954081%2F Combat veterans face enormous challenges upon the return to civilian life, one of which is the ability to integrate incidences of death and killing into a healthy postdeployment life. This paper presents the lived experience of grief and loss resulting from the trauma of war. Social constructionist theory, due to its emphasis on meaning-making, serves as the theoretical framework. The effects of inhibited mourning due to the inability to mourn in combat and lack of nurturing upon returning home are described. Personal excerpts derived from interviews of warfare from veterans that experienced death and killing are presented. It is suggested that combat veterans experience a unique form of grief and therefore require a style of grieving that differs from those that have not served on the bat... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722783 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722782&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fmpe%2F2011%2F685485%2F The subject matter of this paper is the Special Trans Functions Theory (STFT) in finding the exact analytical closed form solutions (the new special tran functions) of certain Lambert transcendental equations. Note that these Lambert transcendental equations frequently appear in applied physics and engineering domain. The structure of the theoretical derivations, proofs, and numerical results confirms validity and basic principles of the STFT. Undoubtedly, the proposed exact analytical approach implies the qualitative improvements of the conventional methods and techniques. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722782 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722782 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722781&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Foximed%2F2011%2F961059%2F Sphingosine kinase (SphK) exhibits two isoforms, SphK1 and SphK2. Both forms catalyze the synthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid involved in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Since the ratio of SphK1 : SphK2 changes dramatically with aging, it is important to assess the role of SphK2 in IR injury and IPC. Langendorff mouse hearts were subjected to IR (30 min equilibration, 50 min global ischemia, and 40 min reperfusion). IPC consisted of 2 min of ischemia and 2 min of reperfusion for two cycles. At baseline, there were no differences in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), ± dP/dtmax, and heart rate between SphK2 null (KO) and wild-type (WT) hearts. In KO hearts, SphK2 activity was undetectable, and Sph... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722781 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722781 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722780&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcpn%2F2011%2F254569%2F While ischaemic stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, there have been recent advancements in treatment modalities including thrombolysis and decompressive hemicraniectomy. A retrospective review of patients treated in our NHS teaching hospital, in Plymouth (UK), over a 2 year period identified 17 thrombolysed patients, of whom two had undergone subsequent decompressive hemicraniectomy. These were non-dominant hemisphere strokes in young patients, aged 51 and 57. Initial NIHSS scores were 16 and 17, and they received thrombolysis at 2 hrs 42 min and 5 hrs 10 min post onset of symptoms respectively. CT imaging demonstrated cerebral swelling with significant midline shift in both cases, and decompressive hemicraniectomy was undertaken at 29&#x2009... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722780 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4722779&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijmb%2F2011%2F949252%2F A newly isolated fungus Aspergillus niger SOI017 was shown to be a good producer of β-glucosidase from all isolated fungal strains. Fermentation condition (pH, cellobiose concentration, yeast extract concentration, and ammonium sulfate concentration) was optimized for producing the enzyme in shake flask cultures. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of 4 fermentation parameters (yeast extract concentration, cellobiose concentration, ammonium sulfate concentration, and pH) on β-glucosidase enzyme production. Production of β-glucosidase was most sensitive to the culture medium, especially the nitrogen source yeast extract. The optimized medium for producing maximum β-glucosidase specific activity consisted of 0.275% yeast extrac... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4722779 Mon, 18 Apr 2011 14:01:36 +0100 4722779 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4682560&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fcrim%2F2011%2F123527%2F We report a case of an 18-year-old girl treated for growing teratoma syndrome after chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary associated with peritoneal gliomatosis. Chemotherapy induced normalisation of alpha-fetoprotein rate whereas there was an enlargement of the mass. Subsequent complete resection was performed, and the patient remained in good control for 60 months. This clinical picture suggested the diagnosis of “GTS”. This syndrome can lead to confusion with progression or relapse of a germ cell tumour because of increase in tumour volume during chemotherapy, so it is important to recognize it. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4682560 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 14:45:29 +0100 4682560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4682559&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjbp%2F2011%2F414729%2F Recently, much attention has been given to the problem of drug delivery through the cell-membrane in order to treat and manage several diseases. The discovery of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) represents a major breakthrough for the transport of large-cargo molecules that may be useful in clinical applications. CPPs are rich in basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine and are able to translocate over membranes and gain access to the cell interior. They can deliver large-cargo molecules, such as oligonucleotides, into cells. Endocytosis and direct penetration have been suggested as the two major uptake mechanisms, a subject still under debate. Unresolved questions include the detailed molecular uptake mechanism(s), reasons for cell toxicity, and the delivery efficiency of CPPs for di... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4682559 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 14:45:29 +0100 4682559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4682558&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fcardiology%2F2011%2F816025%2F The allelic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) can influence the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by virtue of its effect on lipid metabolism. However, the role of PPARα intronic polymorphism with CAD has received little attention. The association of allelic variants G/C at intron 7 of the PPAR-alpha gene with CAD was examined in a hospital-based Indian population. PPAR genotyping was performed in 110 male patients with CAD and 120 age and ethnically matched healthy males by PCR amplification of the gene followed by restriction digestion. Presence of C allele showed a positive association with CAD (OR=2.9; 95% CI [1.65–4.145]; P=.009) and also with dyslipidaemia (OR=2.95, 95% CI (1.5–4.39); P<.05). Impaired l... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4682558 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 14:45:29 +0100 4682558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4682557&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fisrn%2Fcardiology%2F2011%2F962084%2F Heart hand syndromes are characterized by radial abnormalities and associated defects in the heart. We here describe an extremely rare heart hand syndrome known as Baller-Gerold syndrome. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4682557 Thu, 07 Apr 2011 14:45:29 +0100 4682557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4559135&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fari%2F2011%2F707325%2Fabs%2F A prospective study was carried out to establish normative data for splenic dimensions in North Indian population and their correlation with physical standard on abdominal CT of 21 patients aged between 20 and 70 years having no splenic disorders. Splenic volume was measured by two methods—volume and surface rendering technique of Able 3D doctor software and prolate ellipsoid formula. Volumes measured by both the techniques were correlated with their physical standards. Mean splenic volume was 161.57±90.2 cm3 and range 45.7–271.46 cm3. The volume of spleen had linear correlation with body height (r=0.512, P<.05). Splenic volume (cm3) = 7 × height (cm) − 961 can be used to generate normal standard volume of spleen as a function of body... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4559135 Tue, 08 Mar 2011 20:03:40 +0100 4559135 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4501014&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F457562.html This paper presents the simulation modeling and prototype development of an inverter controller for photovoltaic (PV) applications using the dSPACE DS1104 controller platform. The controller platform can link the simulation model developed in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to its prototype hardware. In the dSPACE controller, the voltage regulator controls the inverter by employing a proportional integral (PI) controller and the Park transformation method to generate sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) signals. The SPWM signals switch the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) to stabilize the 50-Hz sinusoidal AC output voltages of the inverter. The simulation was performed with a DC power supply that acts as the PV generator to supply the power to the inverter. The simulation model... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4501014 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 15:58:23 +0100 4501014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459083&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F578580.html Polycrystalline CdTe shows greater promises for the development of cost-effective, efficient, and reliable thin film solar cells. Results of numerical analysis using AMPS-1D simulator in exploring the possibility of ultrathin, high efficiency, and stable CdS/CdTe cells are presented. The conventional baseline case structure of CdS/CdTe cell has been explored with reduced CdTe absorber and CdS window layer thickness, where 1 μm thin CdTe and 50 nm CdS layers showed reasonable efficiencies over 15%. The viability of 1 μm CdTe absorber layer together with possible back surface field (BSF) layers to reduce minority carrier recombination loss at the back contact in ultra thin CdS/CdTe cells was investigated. Higher bandgap material like ZnTe and low bandgap materia... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459083 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 23:28:13 +0100 4459083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4376849&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F264643.html Three organic dyes designed as molecular dyads were prepared that feature a common naphthalimide acceptor and N-aryl donors. One of these incorporated an additional cyanoacrylic acid linker and conjugated thiophene bridge inserted between donor and acceptor groups. Electrochemical and photochemical characterizations have been carried out on nanocrystalline TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells which were fabricated with these dyes as the sensitizing component. HOMO and LUMO energies were also calculated using TDDFT methods and validated by the cyclic voltammetry method. A key finding from this study indicates that computational methods can provide energy values in close agreement to experimental for the N-aryl-naphthalimide system. Relative to HOMO/LUMO energy levels of N719, the dyes based on n... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4376849 Thu, 20 Jan 2011 22:50:11 +0100 4376849 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4330153&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F698718.html A 260 nm layer of organic bulk heterojunction blend of the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the fullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric (PCBM) was spin-coated in between aluminum and gold electrodes, respectively, on top of a laser inscribed azo polymer surface-relief diffraction grating. Angle-dependent surface plasmons (SPs) with a large band gap were observed in the normalized photocurrent by the P3HT-PCBM layer as a function of wavelength. The SP-induced photocurrents were also investigated as a function of the grating depth and spacing. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4330153 Tue, 11 Jan 2011 00:38:59 +0100 4330153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4292839&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F492313.html This study aimed to design a new series of compounds consisting of a porphyrin macrocycle linked to a perylene unit via a thiophenic bridge. The structural and electronic properties of the molecules, and the effects of mono- and di-substituents R on C3 and R′ on C4 of the thiophene ring were investigated using a quantum calculation approach. The results from the method validation revealed that using the density functional theory approach at B3LYP/6–31G(d) data set was the optimal one, considering the accuracy attained and maintaining the computer time required within tractable limits. The results from the B3LYP/6–31G(d) approach indicated that significant changes of the torsion angle between the molecular planes of the porphyrin and perylene rings, compared to that of t... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4292839 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 02:06:33 +0100 4292839 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4292838&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F146743.html A novel photoreactor system consisting of a TiO2-coated corrugated drum and a UV light source is experimentally characterized for the treatment of phenol-polluted wastewaters. The design incorporates periodic illumination and increased agitation through the introduction of rotation. The effects ofrent degrees and flat fins to increase surface area, varying rotational speed, initial pollutant concentration, and illumination intensities were studied. The corrugated and finned drums did not exhibit a critical rotational speed, indicating that there is excellent mass transfer in the system. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic analysis was applied to the degradation, and an average adsorption coefficient of K=0.120 L/mg was observed. The overall reaction rate increased with increasing surface... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4292838 Wed, 29 Dec 2010 02:06:33 +0100 4292838 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4280545&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F294217.html Hydrogen (H2) is normally used as the fuel to power polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). However, the power generation performance of PEFC is harmed by the carbon monoxide (CO) in the H2 that is often produced frommethane (CH4). The purpose of this study is to investigate the experimental conditions in order to improve the CO oxidization performance of mesoporous silica loaded with TiO2. The impact of loading ratio of TiO2 and initial concentration ratio of O2 to CO on CO oxidization performance is investigated. As a result, the optimum loading ratio of TiO2 and initial concentration ratio of O2 to CO were 20 wt% and 4 vol%, respectively, under the experimental conditions. Under this optimumexperimental condition, the CO in rich H2 in the reactor can be completely eliminated from initial ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4280545 Thu, 23 Dec 2010 01:41:32 +0100 4280545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4274746&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F245316.html In this study, the various aspects of these algorithms have been analyzed in detail. Classifications, definitions, and basic equations of the most widely used MPPT technologies are given. Moreover, a comparison was made in the conclusion. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4274746 Tue, 21 Dec 2010 09:47:16 +0100 4274746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4223939&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F291931.html The organic light-emitting device (OLED) with simple structures of indium tin oxide (ITO)/tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminum (Alq3)/LiF/Al and ITO/Alq3/Al was fabricated to analyze the contribution of LiF in OLED. We used the C-V characteristics to investigate the contribution of LiF in OLED and found that the capacitance of the above-mentioned structures was 12.5 nF and 77.5 nF, respectively. It is shown that the LiF layer affects the property of OLED resulting in the change of the capacitance of the device. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4223939 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 07:52:43 +0100 4223939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4223938&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F547135.html The interaction of Zn(II) porphyrin (ZnPP) with colloidal TiO2 was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission of ZnPP was quenched by colloidal TiO2 upon excitation of its absorption band. The quenching rate constant (kq) is 1.24×1011 M−1 s−1. These data indicate that there is an interaction between ZnPP and colloidal TiO2 nanoparticle surface. The quenching mechanism is discussed on the basis of the quenching rate constant as well as the reduction potential of the colloidal TiO2. And the mechanism of electron transfer has been confirmed by the calculation of free energy change (ΔGet) by applying Rehm-Weller equation as well as energy level diagram. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4223938 Fri, 03 Dec 2010 07:52:43 +0100 4223938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4104503&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F945242.html Carbazolic copolymers have been developed to be used in reversible holographic recording. This paper describes a complete analysis, from synthesis of the material to its applications, together with the corresponding characterizations. The investigated materials were photosensitive copolymers obtained from carbazolylalkylmethacrylates (CEM) and octylmethacrylate (OMA). A detailed investigation was undertaken involving infrared spectroscopy and NMR techniques, 1H, 13C, COSY, and HSQC, in order to establish the chemical structure and the composition of the copolymers. Holographic recording characteristics were investigated with one- and two-layer photothermoplastic carriers. The two-layer carrier contains separate photosensitive and thermoplastic layers and gives the best holographic response... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4104503 Tue, 26 Oct 2010 09:43:24 +0100 4104503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4081175&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F264831.html In conclusion, the V2O3/CNT/TiO2 composite had excellent photocatalytic degradation for MB solution under visible light. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4081175 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 19:11:23 +0100 4081175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4055205&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F764870.html Due to the superior ability of photocatalysis to inactivate a wide range of harmful microorganisms, it is being examined as a viable alternative to traditional disinfection methods such as chlorination, which can produce harmful byproducts. Photocatalysis is a versatile and effective process that can be adapted for use in many applications for disinfection in both air and water matrices. Additionally, photocatalytic surfaces are being developed and tested for use in the context of “self-disinfecting” materials. Studies on the photocatalytic technique for disinfection demonstrate this process to have potential for widespread applications in indoor air and environmental health, biological, and medical applications, laboratory and hospital applications, pharmaceutical and food ind... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4055205 Mon, 11 Oct 2010 17:38:01 +0100 4055205 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039671&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F032524.abs.html Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of methylamine (MA) on titanium dioxide in aqueous and gaseous phases was studied. A simple batch glass reactor for aqueous PCO and an annular continuous flow reactor for the gas-phase PCO were used. Maximum aqueous PCO efficiency was achieved in alkaline media. Two mechanisms of aqueous PCO—decomposition to formate and ammonia, and oxidation of organic nitrogen directly to nitrite—lead ultimately to CO2, water, ammonia, and nitrate: formate and nitrite were observed as intermediates. A part of the ammonia formed in the reaction was oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. Volatile PCO products of MA included ammonia, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide, and water. Thermal catalytic oxidation (TCO) resulted in the formation of ammo... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039671 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039670&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F063459.abs.html The phototransformation of amlodipine in water was investigated under various conditions. A quantum yield ΦS2.2×10−4 and a half-life time t1/2 0.419 days were calculated when the drug in water (10−4 M) was exposed to sunlight. The only photoproduct found was its pyridine derivative. Formation of this product was explained on the basis of a radical cation intermediate. The acute and chronic toxicity of the drug and its photoproduct were evaluated on different organisms of the freshwater chain (Brachionus calyciflorus, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia). The photoproduct exhibited a stronger toxic potential than the parent drug on the long time for C. dubia. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039670 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039669&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F097308.abs.html The photocatalytic inactivation effecting of gold-doped TiO2 (Au/TiO2) nanocomposites on human colon carcinoma LoVo cells was investigated for the first time. The Au/TiO2 samples containing different amounts of Au (1–4 wt%) were prepared by deposition-precipitation (DP) method. These synthesized Au/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. It was found that the photocatalytic inactivation effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on LoVo cancer cells could be greatly improved by the surface modification of Au nanoparticles. Furthermore, the loading amount of Au on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles affects the photocatalytic inactivation efficiency strongly, and it was found that the most effici... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039669 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039668&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F085402.abs.html A prior requirement to the design of any solar-based conversion systems is the knowledge of optimum orientation and tilt surface at which peak solar energy can be collected. In many parts of the world, however, the solar radiation data for the surfaces of interest are not always available. This paper presents a numerical approach to calculate the solar radiation on sloped planes by integrating the measured sky radiance distributions. The annual total solar yield at different sloped surfaces facing various orientations and monthly solar radiations at the optimal tilt surface and three vertical planes facing east, south, and west were determined. The energy outputs and efficiencies were simulated using a computer package. The environmental benefits in terms of greenhouse gases reductions and... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039668 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039667&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F021860.abs.html Two compounds La1/3MO3 (M = Nb, Ta) with A-site deficient perovskite-type structure were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The photocatalytic properties of these compounds were characterized by H2 evolution with Pt cocatalyst from CH3OH/H2O solution and by O2 evolution from AgNO3 aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results showed that the average rate of H2 evolution was about 61.07 μmol h-1 for La1/3NbO3 and 95.79 μmol h-1 for La1/3TaO3 after 24 hours of reaction time, while the initial rate of O2 evolution was 26.31 μmol h-1 for La1/3NbO3 and 16.21 μmol h-1 for La1/3TaO3, respectively. H2 evolution was also observed over La1/3MO3 (M = Nb, Ta) with NiO cocatalyst from pure water under UV light irradiation. ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039667 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039666&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F079847.abs.html Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and thermal catalytic oxidation (TCO) of dimethylamine (DMA) on titanium dioxide was studied in a continuous flow simple tubular reactor. Volatile PCO products of DMA included ammonia, formamide, carbon dioxide, and water. Ammonia was further oxidized in minor amounts to nitrous oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Effective at 573 K, TCO resulted in the formation of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The PCO kinetic data fit well to the monomolecular Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, whereas TCO kinetic behaviour matched the first-order process. No deactivation of the photocatalyst during the multiple long-run experiments was observed. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039666 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039665&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2007%2F080756.abs.html The preparation and the photoelectrochemical characterization of a series of bipyridine and pyridyl-quinoline Cu(I) complexes, used as electron transfer mediators in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells, are reported. The best performing mediators produced maximum IPCEs of the order of 35–40%. The J-V curves recorded under monochromatic light showed that the selected Cu(I)/(II) couples generated higher Vocs and fill factors compared to an equivalent I-/I3- cell, due to a decreased dark current. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039665 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039664&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2008%2F524142.html Steady state spectroscopy and flash photolysis measurements were used to study the multistep electron transfer in a supramolecular complex adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline SnO2 in order to mimic the function of the tyrosineZ and chlorophyll unit P680 in natural photosystem II (PSII). A ruthenium(II)-tris(bipyridyl) complex covalently linked to an L-tyrosine ethyl ester through an amide bond was anchored to the surface of nanocrystalline SnO2 via four carboxylic acid groups linked to the bpy ligands. The apparent association constant for the association between ruthenium(II)-tris(bipyridyl) complex and SnO2 is 3.2×106 M-1 and a degree of association up to 99% was determined. 450 nm excitation of the complex promotes an electron to a metal-to-ligand charge... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039664 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039663&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2008%2F185479.html The photoelectrolysis of water to yield hydrogen and oxygen using visible light has enormous potential for solar energy harvesting if suitable photoelectrode materials can be developed. Few of the materials with a band gap suitable for visible light activation have the necessary band-edge potentials or photochemical stability to be suitable candidates. Tungsten oxide (Ebg 2.8 eV) is a good candidate with absorption up to λ≈440 nm and known photochemical stability. Thin films of tungsten oxide were prepared using an electrolytic route from peroxo-tungsten precursors. The tungsten oxide thin films were characterised by FESEM, Auger electron spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical methods. The magnitude of the photocurrent response of the films under solar simulate... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039663 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039662&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2008%2F356261.html This paper includes a definition of a new and original concept in the photovoltaic field, RMS current of a photovoltaic generator for grid-connected systems. The RMS current is very useful for calculating energy losses in cables used in a PV generator. As well, a current factor has been defined in order to simplify RMS current calculation. This factor provides an immediate (quick and easy) calculation method for the RMS current that does not depend on the case particular conditions (orientation, location, etc.). RMS current and current factor values have been calculated for different locations and modules. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039662 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4039661&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2008%2F679421.html The photocatalyst anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were immobilized via sol-gel technique on foam nickel modified with SiO2 films as transition layer (indicated as TiO2/SiO2 films). The structural properties of TiO2/SiO2 composite films were characterized using TG-DSC, XRD, FE-SEM, and BET. The photocatalytic activities of immobilized TiO2/SiO2 films were tested through photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The substrate modification with transition layer of SiO2 films improved the specific surface area (SSA) of substrate and the acetaldehyde adsorption on photocatalyst film enormously and resulted in great enhancement of photocatalytic activity and stability. The degradation ratio of gaseous acetaldehyde (concentration ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4039661 Thu, 07 Oct 2010 20:41:57 +0100 4039661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3975856&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2011%2F405738.html Two types of polysiloxane grafted with different ratio of imidazolium iodide moieties (IL-SiO2) have been synthesized to develop a micro-porous polymer electrolyte for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. The samples were characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR spectrum, XRD, TEM and SEM, respectively. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes was measured by electrochemical workstation. Nanostructured polysiloxane containing imidazolium iodide showed excellent compatibility with organic solvent and polymer matrix for its ionic liquid characteristics. Increasing the proportion of imidazolium iodide moieties in polysiloxane improved the electrochemical behavior of the gel polymer electrolyte. A dye-sensitized solar cell with gel polymer electrolyte yielded an open-circuit voltage ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3975856 Fri, 17 Sep 2010 08:28:07 +0100 3975856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3937988&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2011%2F762929.html The nanosized cadmium sulfides (CdSs) containing different phase structures were synthesized via the complex compound thermolysis method using different molar ratio of thiourea to acetate cadmium (S/Cd) and characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, and IR spectra. The results of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RB) show that the activity order of CdS concerning the phase compositions is of cubic > hexagonal > cubic + hexagonal, where the CdS with the cubic phase has the best photocatalytic degradation activity of RB due to its larger abilities of adsorption and absorbance and smaller particle size of about 10∼13 nm. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3937988 Tue, 07 Sep 2010 08:20:43 +0100 3937988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3935634&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2011%2F401356.html The role of 4-tert butyl pyridine (4TBP) adsorption on TiO2 surface band bending has been studied using photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface oxygen vacancies pin the Fermi level near the conduction band edge on rutile (110). 4TBP preferentially adsorbs in those vacancies and shift the Fermi level to lower binding energy in the band gap. This is done by transferring vacancy excess charge into the empty π∗ orbital in the pyridine ring. The anatase (100) surface contains much less oxygen vacancies although the surface is much rougher than the rutile (110). 4TBP adsorption does not have any significant effect on the surface band bending. Thus the positive role associated with 4TBP addition to solar cell electrolytes is suggested to protection against adsorption of other electrolyt... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3935634 Mon, 06 Sep 2010 08:45:14 +0100 3935634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3884625&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F468147.html For some time, the chalcopyrite semiconductor CuInSe2 and its alloy with Ga and/or S [Cu(InGa)Se2 or Cu(InGa)(Se,S)2], commonly referred as CIGS, have been leading thin-film material candidates for incorporation in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. CuInSe2-based solar cells have shown long-term stability and the highest conversion efficiencies among all thin-film solar cells, reaching 20%. A variety of methods have been reported to prepare CIGS thin film. Efficiency of solar cells depends upon the various deposition methods as they control optoelectronic properties of the layers and interfaces. CIGS thin film grown on glass or flexible (metal foil, polyimide) substrates require p-type absorber layers of optimum optoelectronic properties and n-type wideband gap partner layers to for... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3884625 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:54:16 +0100 3884625 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3826364&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F136807.html Phthalocyanines based-dyes represent attractive alternatives to the expensive and polluting pyridyl based Ru complexes because of their photochemical and thermal stability, they do show in fact intense absorption in the UV/blue (Soret band) and the red/near IR (Q band) spectral regions and appear very promising as sensitizer dyes for DSSC. In this contribution we review the state of the art and the recent progress in the application of these materials as dyes for DSSC and present three new dyes which are bridged derivatives of Iron phthalocyanine. Synthesis, optical properties, electrochemical characterization and device performances are discussed with regard to the different substitution degree of the macrocycle. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3826364 Fri, 06 Aug 2010 07:35:30 +0100 3826364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793998&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F476589.html Deposition of Sb2Te3 thin films on soda-lime glass substrates by coevaporation of Sb and Te is described in this paper. Sb2Te3 thin films were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrical conductivity measurements, and Hall measurements. The abnormal electrical transport behavior occurred from in situ electrical conductivity measurements. The results indicate that as-grown Sb2Te3 thin films are amorphous and undergo an amorphous-crystalline transition after annealing, and the posttreatment can effectively promote the formation of Sb-Te bond and prevent oxidation of thin film surface. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793998 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 07:27:36 +0100 3793998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3793997&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F643182.html TiO2 sol was prepared for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The absorption spectra of MB indicated that the maximum wavelength, 663 nm, almost kept the same. The performance of 92.3% for color removal was reached after 160 min. The particle size of TiO2 sol was about 22.5 nm. X-ray diffraction showed that TiO2 consisted of a single anatase phase. The small size and anatase phase probably resulted in high photocatalytic activity of TiO2 sol. The degradation ratio decreased as the initial concentration of MB increased. The photodegradation efficiency decreased in the order of pH 2>pH 9>pH 7. Regarding catalyst load, the degradation increased with the mass of catalyst up to an ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3793997 Wed, 28 Jul 2010 07:27:36 +0100 3793997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3763969&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F389182.html Pt/Mesoporous carbon counter electrodes with a low Pt loading for dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated by coating Pt/mesoporous carbon on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. Pt/mesoporous carbon samples were prepared by reducing H2PtCl6 with NaBH4 in mesoporous carbon and characterized by N2 adsorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Pt particles deposited on mesoporous carbon support were found to be in uniform shape and narrow range of particle size. Low-Pt-loading Pt/mesoporous carbon counter electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity for triiodide reduction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement displayed a low charge-transfer resistance of 1.2 Ωcm2 for 1-Pt/mesoporous carbon co... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3763969 Mon, 19 Jul 2010 07:24:50 +0100 3763969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3713436&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F123534.html For photovoltaic cells to convert solar into electric energy is probably the most interesting research challenge nowadays. A good efficiency of these devices has been obtained by using inorganic semiconductor materials. On the other hand, manufacture processes are very expensive in terms of both materials and techniques. For this reason organic-based photovoltaic (OPV) cells are attracting the general attention because of the possible realization of more economical devices. Organic materials are abundant and easily handling. Unfortunately OPV cells efficiency is significantly lower than that of inorganic-based devices, representing a big point of weakness at the present. This is mainly due to the fact that organic semiconductors have a much higher band gap with respect to inorganic semicon... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3713436 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 07:20:12 +0100 3713436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3713435&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F902385.html This study investigates the applicability of a counter electrode with a P-type semiconductor oxide (such as NiO) on a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The counter electrode is fabricated by depositing an NiO film on top of a Pt film, which has been deposited on a Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using an ion-sputtering coater (or E-beam evaporator), using a simple spin coating method. This study also examines the effect of the average thickness of TiO2 film deposited on a working electrode upon the power conversion efficiency of a DSSC. This study shows that the power conversion efficiency of a DSSC with a Pt(E)/NiO counter electrode (4.28%) substantially exceeds that of a conventional DSSC with a Pt(E) counter electrode (3.16%) on which a Pt film was deposited using an E-beam... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3713435 Thu, 01 Jul 2010 07:20:12 +0100 3713435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3702752&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F727134.html We present an overview of the recent developments in de-bundling and sorting of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs), which are useful for hi-tech applications in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Applications of SWNTs as transparent and conductive films, catalyst, and scaffold in DSSCs are also reviewed. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3702752 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 07:17:43 +0100 3702752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3670727&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F793481.html A transient lateral photovoltaic effect has been observed in Ag-doped ZnO thin films. Under the nonuniform irradiation of a 1064 nm pulsed laser, the photovoltaic response shows high sensitivity to the spot position on the film surface. The highest photovoltaic responsivity of 27.1 mV mJ−1 was observed, with a decline time of ∼1.5 ns and a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ∼4 ns. The photovoltaic position sensitivity can reach about 3.8 mV mJ−1 mm−1. This paper demonstrates the potential of Ag-doped ZnO films in the position-sensitive infrared detection (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3670727 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 07:25:48 +0100 3670727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3665373&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F105878.html Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated with perovskite-type BaSnO3 as the photoelectrode materials. Different preparation methods including coprecipitation, hydrothermal, and solid state reaction are employed to synthesize BaSnO3 particles to optimize the photoelectric activities of electrode materials. The photoelectric properties of BaSnO3 particles and the performances of DSSCs are investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy and current-voltage measurements. The light-to-electricity conversion of 1.1% is preliminarily reached on the DSSC made of the coprecipitation-derived BaSnO3 particles. Large current density of hole injection into the HOMO level of N719 dye from the valence band of BaSnO3 and reduced photogenerated charge recombination in BaSnO3 could be respons... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3665373 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 14:53:32 +0100 3665373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3665372&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F458614.html Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are among the most promising solar energy conversion devices of new generation, since coupling ease of fabrication and low cost offer the possibility of building integration in photovoltaic windows and facades. Although in their earliest configuration these systems are close to commercialization, fundamental studies are still required for developing new molecules and materials with more desirable properties as well as improving our understanding of the fundamental processes at the basis of the functioning of photoactive heterogeneous interfaces. In this contribution, some recent advances, made in the effort of improving DSSC devices by finding alternative materials and configurations, are reviewed. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3665372 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 14:53:32 +0100 3665372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3635222&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F634162.html The photovoltaic (PV) effects have been investigated and improved using efficient treatments both on single-crystalline (sc) and on multicrystalline (mc) silicon (Si) solar cells. The major effect of forming gas (FG) treatment on solar cell performance is the fill-factor values, which increase 3.75% and 8.28%, respectively, on sc-Si and mc-Si solar cells. As for the optimal 15%-H2 ratio and 40-minute FG treatment, the conversion efficiency (η) values drastically increase to 14.89% and 14.31%, respectively, for sc- and mc-Si solar cells. Moreover, we can measure the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) values increase with H2-FG treatment under visible wavelength (400~900 nm) radiation. Thus based on the work in this research, we confirm that H2 passivation ha... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3635222 Mon, 07 Jun 2010 15:08:10 +0100 3635222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3620875&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F805836.html The membranes 55 wt.% chitosan-45 wt.% NH4I, 33 wt.% chitosan-27 wt.% NH4I-40 wt.% EC, and 27.5 wt.% chitosan-22.5 wt.% NH4I-50 wt.% buthyl-methyl-imidazolium-iodide (BMII) exhibit conductivity of 3.73×10−7, 7.34×10−6, and 3.43×10−5 S cm−1, respectively, at room temperature. These membranes have been used in the fabrication of solid-state solar cells with configuration ITO/TiO2/polymer electrolyte membrane/ITO. It is observed that the short-circuit current density increases with conductivity of the electrolyte. The use of anthocyanin pigment obtained by solvent extraction from black rice and betalain from the callus of C... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3620875 Wed, 02 Jun 2010 14:54:40 +0100 3620875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3620874&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F109495.html We review the most advanced methods for the fabrication of cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells employing nanostructured materials. The attention is focused on metal nanoparticles and nanostructured carbon, among which nanotubes and graphene, whose good catalytic properties make them ideal for the development of counter electrode substrates, transparent conducting oxide, and advanced catalyst materials. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3620874 Wed, 02 Jun 2010 14:54:40 +0100 3620874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3613792&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F268035.html The subject of the present work is to develop a simple and effective method of enhancing conversion efficiency in large-size solar cells using multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafer. In this work, industrial-type mc-Si solar cells with area of 125×125 mm2 were acid etched to produce simultaneously POCl3 emitters and silicon nitride deposition by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD). The study of surface morphology and reflectivity of different mc-Si etched surfaces has also been discussed in this research. Using our optimal acid etching solution ratio, we are able to fabricate mc-Si solar cells of 16.34% conversion efficiency with double layers silicon nitride (Si3N4) coating. From our experiment, we find that depositing double layers silicon nitride coating o... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3613792 Mon, 31 May 2010 14:52:04 +0100 3613792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3537491&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F585621.html A novel Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) scheme for better solar conversion efficiency is proposed. The distinctive characteristic of this novel scheme is that the conventional thin film electrode is replaced by a 3D nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which was fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering with an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The template was prepared by immersing the barrier-layer side of an AAO film into a 30 wt% phosphoric acid solution to produce a contrasting surface. RF magnetron sputtering was then used to deposit a 3D nanostructured ITO thin film on the template. The crystallinity and conductivity of the 3D ITO films were further enhanced by annealing. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were electrophoretically deposited on the 3D ITO film ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3537491 Thu, 06 May 2010 15:14:30 +0100 3537491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3428279&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F525968.html (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3428279 Thu, 01 Apr 2010 15:10:03 +0100 3428279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3373555&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2010%2F497095.html Conventional nanorod-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated by growing nanorods on top of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO, typically fluorine-doped tin oxide—FTO). The heterogeneous interface between the nanorod and TCO forms a source for carrier scattering. This work reports on a new DSSC architecture without a TCO layer. The TCO-less structure consists of ZnO nanorods grown on top of a ZnO film. The ZnO film replaced FTO as the TCO layer and the ZnO nanorods served as the photoanode. The ZnO nanorod/film structure was grown by two methods: (1) one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) (2) two-step chemical bath deposition (CBD). The thicknesses of the nanorods/film grown by CVD is more uniform than that by CBD. We demonstrate that the TCO-less DSSC structure can... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3373555 Wed, 17 Mar 2010 16:23:10 +0100 3373555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3262126&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F741834.html The realisation of molecular assemblies featuring specific macroscopic properties is a prime example for the versatility of supramolecular organisation. Microporous materials such as zeolite L are well suited for the preparation of host-guest composites containing dyes, complexes, or clusters. This short tutorial focuses on the possibilities offered by zeolite L to study and influence Förster resonance energy transfer inside of its nanochannels. The highly organised host-guest materials can in turn be structured on a larger scale to form macroscopic patterns, making it possible to create large-scale structures from small, highly organised building blocks for novel optical applications. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3262126 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:06:56 +0100 3262126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3235140&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F806714.html We make use of a model chemistry within Density Functional Theory (DFT) recently presented, which is called CHIH-DFT, to calculate the molecular structure of 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide (TSO), as well to predict its infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV-Vis) and fluorescence (Fluo) spectra, the dipole moment and polarizability, the free energy of solvation in different solvents as an indication of solubility, and the chemical reactivity parameters that arise from Conceptual DFT. The calculated values are compared with the available experimental data for this molecule as a means of validation of our proposed model chemistry. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3235140 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 16:25:05 +0100 3235140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3235139&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F240402.html Pure and Gd3+-doped titanate nanotubes (TNTs) materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Their morphology, optical properties, thermal stability, and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and magnetic measurements. It was found that doping renders Gd3+-TNT visible light active and results in smaller crystallite size and larger surface area as well as higher thermal stability compared to pure titanate nanotubes. The estimated magnetic moments point to presence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction. Application of the prepared Gd3+-TNT for modifying conventional photoanodes in polymer solar cells was attempted. Preliminary results show slightly improved photovoltaic energy co... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3235139 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 16:25:05 +0100 3235139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3227105&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F689450.html New spiropyrans with different substituents in the benzopyran fragment have been synthesized and investigated. It was shown that introduction of aldehyde group in the structure of spiropyrans gives a possibility to obtain new functionalized compounds. Effects of the substituents on the photochromic behavior were studied. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3227105 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:15:44 +0100 3227105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3227104&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F358790.html We present photoluminescence (PL) measurements of two different, 3 monolayers and 12 monolayers (ml), CdTe self-assembled quantum dot (SAQD) samples. The spectra were recorded in the temperature range 20 K–300 K, with photoexcitation over the ZnTe barrier layer. PL spectra displayed two main emission bands. High-energy PL emission (E1) is ZnTe LO like phonon- (ωLO = 204.2 cm−1 (3 ml), ωLO = 207.3 cm−1 (12 ml)) assisted deexcitation. Dominant low-energy band (E2) presents the direct deexcitation to ground state of the CdTe quantum dots. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3227104 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 17:15:44 +0100 3227104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3084298&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F292393.html Quantum-mechanical electronic structure computations were employed to explore initial steps towards a comprehensive design of polycarborane architectures through assembly of molecular units. Aspects considered were (i) the striking modification of geometrical parameters through substitution, (ii) endohedral carboranes and proposed ejection mechanisms for energy/ion/atom/energy storage/transport, (iii) the excited state character in single and dimeric molecular units, and (iv) higher architectural constructs. A goal of this work is to find optimal architectures where atom/ion/energy/spin transport within carborane superclusters is feasible in order to modernize and improve future photoenergy processes. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3084298 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 15:48:01 +0100 3084298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3051564&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F294042.html This paper reviews recent investigations of the influence of dopants on the optical properties of TiO2 polymorphs. The common undoped polymorphs of TiO2 are discussed and compared. The results of recent doping efforts are tabulated, and discussed in the context of doping by elements of the same chemical group. Dopant effects on the band gap and photocatalytic activity are interpreted with reference to a simple qualitative picture of the TiO2 electronic structure, which is supported with first-principles calculations. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3051564 Thu, 03 Dec 2009 15:51:47 +0100 3051564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3025979&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F434897.html An overview of the recent developments in functional dyes, which are useful for hi-tech applications for those based on optoelectronics, such as dye sensitized solar cells, photochromic dyes and biomedical applications, such as photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer and fluorescent sensors is presented. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3025979 Wed, 25 Nov 2009 16:30:54 +0100 3025979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3022378&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F709365.html The performances of a gas-solid two-dimensional fluidized bed reactor in photocatalytic selective oxidation reactions, irradiated with traditional UV lamps or with a microscale illumination system based on UV emitting diodes (UVA-LEDs), have been compared. In the photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene on MoOx/TiO2-A12O3 catalyst the use of UVA-LEDs modules allowed to achieve a cyclohexane conversion and benzene yield higher than those obtained with traditional UV lamps. The better performances with UVA-LEDs are due to the UVA-LEDs small dimensions and small-angle emittance, which allow photons beam be directed towards the photoreactor windows, reducing the dispersion outside of photoreactor or the optical path length. As a consequence, the effectively illuminat... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3022378 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 16:47:00 +0100 3022378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3016886&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F650509.html Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) films is fabricated on quartz substrates by spin coating method. The effects of MWCNTs on the structure and properties of PEDOT:PSS film have been investigated. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FTRM) show that the crystallization behavior and the main chain of PEDOT:PSS are not changed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that individual nanotubes are well dispersed in the PEDOT:PSS matrix. Moreover, some nanotubes overlap into a net-like structure, forming new conductive channels, which can enhance efficiently the film conductivity. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film doped with a lower percentage of MWCNTs (0.2 wt%) is 9.16&... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3016886 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 15:46:11 +0100 3016886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3016885&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F304308.html Copper sulfide layers were formed on polyamide PA 6 surface using the sorption-diffusion method. Polymer samples were immersed for 4 and 5 h in 0.15 mol⋅dm−3 K2S5O6 solutions and acidified with HCl (0.1 mol⋅dm−3) at 20∘C. After washing and drying, the samples were treated with Cu(I) salt solution. The samples were studied by UV/VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. All methods confirmed that on the surface of the polyamide film a layer of copper sulfide was formed. The copper sulfide layers are indirect band-gap semiconductors. The values of Ebg are 1.25 and 1.3 eV for 4 h and 5 h sulfured PA 6 respectively. Copper XPS spectra analyses showed Cu(I) bonds only in de... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3016885 Sun, 22 Nov 2009 15:46:11 +0100 3016885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2976704&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F150389.html Transparent films of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blend with different concentrations were prepared by using solution-cast technique. FT-IR transmission spectra were carried for the samples to detect the influence of UV radiation. In addition, optical absorption measurements were carried out for the samples at room temperature across the 190–900 nm wavelength regions before and after exposure to UV and filtered radiation using xenon arc lamp. The study has been also extended to include the changes in the optical parameters including the band tail width and band gap energies for the samples. Moreover, the refractive index was calculated for the samples from specular reflection and absorption spectrum before and after exposure to UV and filtered radiation. (Sour... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2976704 Tue, 10 Nov 2009 16:29:04 +0100 2976704 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2973494&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F154059.html We present a comprehensive review on prospects for one-, two-, or three-dimensional nanostructure-based solar cells for manufacturing the future generation of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Reducing heat dissipation and utilizing the unabsorbed part of the solar spectrum are the key driving forces for the development of nanostructure-based solar cells. Unrealistic assumptions involved in theoretical work and the tendency of stretching observed experimental results are the primary reasons why quantum phenomena-based nanostructures solar cells are unlikely to play a significant role in the manufacturing of future generations of PV modules. Similar to the invention of phase shift masks (to beat the conventional diffraction limit of optical lithography) clever design concepts need to be invented t... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2973494 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 16:14:08 +0100 2973494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2958271&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F905987.html Some TiO2 powders, prepared from titanium(IV)tetraisopropoxide by the sol-gel method and thermally treated between 100 and 1000∘C, have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and by nitrogen adsorption and desorption at 77 K to calculate the BET-specific surface area, from which the micropore volume and the external surface area can be derived. The photocatalytic activity (ka) of the above powders has been evaluated considering the TiO2-sensitized photo-oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol in CH3CN as the test reaction. The decrease of ka have been related to the decrease of the BET surface area, the micropore volume, and the external surface area of the TiO2 powders, but a satisfactory linear correlation is observed only for the last superficial parameter. (Source: I... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2958271 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:18:09 +0100 2958271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2950237&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F786429.html Effects of aging and cyclically varying temperature on the electrical parameters of dye solar cells were analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Photoelectrode total resistance increased as a function of time due to increasing electron transport resistance in the TiO2 film. On the other hand, photoelectrode recombination resistance was generally larger, electron lifetimes in the TiO2 were film longer, and charge transfer resistance on the counter electrode was smaller after the temperature treatments than before them. These effects correlated with the slower deterioration rate of the temperature-treated cells, in comparison to the reference cells. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2950237 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 16:07:43 +0100 2950237 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2938522&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F786429.html Effects of aging and cyclically varying temperature on the electrical parameters of dye solar cells were analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Photoelectrode total resistance increased as a function of time due to increasing electron transport resistance in the TiO2 film. On the other hand, photoelectrode recombination resistance was generally larger, electron lifetimes in the TiO2 were film longer, and charge transfer resistance on the counter electrode was smaller after the temperature treatments than before them. These effects correlated with the slower deterioration rate of the temperature-treated cells, in comparison to the reference cells. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2938522 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:48:49 +0100 2938522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2938521&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F672627.html A new humid air turbine cycle that uses low- or medium-temperature solar energy as assistant heat source was proposed for increasing the mass flow rate of humid air. Based on the combination of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, this paper described and compared the performances of the conventional and the solar HAT cycles. The effects of some parameters such as pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and sollar collector efficiency on humidity, specific work, cycle's exergy efficiency, and solar energy to electricity efficiency were discussed in detail. Compared with the conventional HAT cycle, because of the increased humid air mass flow rate in the new system, the humidity and the specific work of the new system were increased. Meanwhile, the solar energy to elect... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2938521 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 15:48:49 +0100 2938521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902719&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F827402.html Use of a solar cell in concentrator PV technology requires reduction in its series resistance in order to minimize the resistive power losses. The present paper discusses a methodology of reducing the series resistance of a commercial c-Si solar cell for concentrator applications, in the range of 2 to 10 suns. Step by step optimization of commercial cell in terms of grid geometry, junction depth, and electroplating of the front metal contacts is proposed. A model of resistance network of solar cell is developed and used for the optimization. Efficiency of unoptimized commercial cell at 10 suns drops by 30% of its 1 sun value corresponding to resistive power loss of about 42%. The optimized cell with grid optimization, junction optimization, electroplating, and junction optimized wi... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902719 Sun, 18 Oct 2009 14:29:22 +0100 2902719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2893774&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F374301.html An Al/methyl-red/p-InP solar cell was fabricated via solution-processing method and was characterized by using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage-frequency (C-V-f) measurements at room temperature. From dark I-V characteristics, the values of ideality factor and barrier height of the device were calculated as 1.11 eV and 2.02, respectively. It has been seen that the device exhibited a good photovoltaic behavior with a maximum open circuit voltage Voc of 0.38 V and short-circuit current Isc of 2.8 nA under only 200 lx light intensity. The barrier height and acceptor carrier concentration values for the Al/methyl-red/p-InP devices were extracted as 1.27 eV and 3.46×1017 cm-3 from linear region of its C-2-V characteristics, res... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2893774 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 14:58:48 +0100 2893774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781367&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F634369.html A series of Pt-TiO2 films with nanocrystaline structure was prepared by a procedure of photodeposition and subsequent dip-coating. The Pt-TiO2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscope, electrochemical characterization to examine the surface structure, chemical composition, and the photoelectrochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the Pt-TiO2 films was evaluated in the photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation of formic acid in aqueous solution. Compared with a TiO2 film, the efficiency of formic acid degradation using the Pt-TiO2 films was significantly higher in both the PC and PEC processes. The enhancement is attributed to the action of Pt deposits on the TiO2 surface, which play a key role by attracting conduction... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781367 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:45:11 +0100 2781367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708181&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F104281.html The Fenton and photo-Fenton detoxification of non-biodegradable chemical pollution in water was investigated under simulated UV light in the laboratory and under direct sunlight in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The laboratory experiments enable one to make a systematic diagnosis among three types of wastewaters, identifying a biorecalcitrant wastewater containing the Chloro-hydroxy-Pryridine (CHYPR). The application of the photo-Fenton process on effluent containing the CHYPR showed not to stimulate the generation of biodegradable by-products. Optimal conditions for detoxification of effluent containing the CHYPR were found at pH=2.8, [Fe2+]=5.2 mM, initial [H2O2]=768 mM, for an effluent concentrated at 2.2 mM of CHYPR. The application of the photochemical process on a fi... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708181 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708180&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F304712.html The aim of the presented work was the removal of phenol from water using a reactor with photoactive refill. Titanium dioxide (Chemical Factory “Police” Poland) was immobilized on the base material as a thin layer from the alcoholic suspension followed by thermal stabilization. The glass fabric was applied as a support for the titania coating. The results of studies revealed that the titania coatings show a high photocatalytic activity toward the phenol decomposition in water. The complete removal of phenol was achieved in the relatively short time of 23 hours. The prepared coatings exhibit high stability in repeated cycles of water treatment. The proposed reactor with photoactive refill solves the problem of necessity of replacement of the reactor or the parts of the reactor w... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708180 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708179&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F517609.html In order to improve the photoenergy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), it is important to optimize their porous TiO2 electrodes. This paper examines the surface and cross-sectional views of the electrodes using scanning electron micrography. Two types of samples for cross-sectional viewing were prepared by mechanically breaking the substrate and by using an Ar-ion etching beam. The former displays the surface of the TiO2 particles and the latter shows the cross-section of the TiO2 particles. We found interesting surface and cross-sectional structures in the scattering layer containing the 400 nm diameter particles, which have an angular and horned shape. The influence of TiO2 particle size and the thickness of the nanocrystalline-TiO2 electrode in DSCs using... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708179 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708178&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F469069.html The presented studies have focused on a photocatalytic generation of useful hydrocarbons, mainly methane and ethane, from acetic acid under N2 atmosphere. CuO-loaded rutile, as well as unmodified rutile and anatase-phase TiO2 photocatalysts were applied in the experiments. The efficiency of the catalysts towards methane generation changed in the following order: Cu-TiO2 (10% Cu) > crude TiO2≈Cu-TiO2 (20% Cu) > Cu-TiO2 (5% Cu) > rutile. The amount of CH4 produced in the presence of the catalyst containing 10 wt% of Cu was higher for ca. 33% than in case of pure rutile. The concentration of ethane was 14–16 times lower than the amount of methane, regardless of the catalyst used. Low concentrations o... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708178 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708177&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F471828.html A new ruthenium complex, cis-di(thiocyanato)(2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)(4,4′-bis(2-(5-(2-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)ethenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)ethenyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (named E322) has been synthesized for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Higher extinction coefficient and a broader absorption compared to the standard Ru-dye, N719, were aimed. DSCs were fabricated with E322, and the efficiency was 0.12% initially. (4.06% for N719, as reference). The efficiency was enhanced to 1.83% by exposing the cell under simulated sunlight containing UV-irradiation at short-circuit condition. The reasons of this enhancement are (1) enhanceing electron injection from sensitizer to TiO2 following a shift toward positive potentials of the ... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708177 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708176&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F297319.html TiO2-WO3 photocatalysts were prepared in a vacuum evaporator by impregnation of TiO2 with WO2 dissolved in an H2O2 solution (30%) and followed by calcination at 400 and 600∘C. XRD analyses showed that at 400∘C monoclinic phase of WO3 was dominated whereas at 600∘C both monoclinic and regular phases of WO3 were present. Modification of TiO2 by WO3 caused increasing in the absorption of light to the visible range. TiO2 and photocatalysts modified with low amount of WO3 (1–5 wt.%) showed high adsorption of Acid Red (AR) on their surface and enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation. Under visible light irradiation, TiO2-WO3 photocatalysts prepared at 400∘C were more active for AR decomposition than those prepared at 600∘C su... International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708176 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708175&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F694196.html Synthesis and properties of photochromic acylated 2-(N-arylaminomethylene)benzo[b]thiophene-3(2H)-ones are described. Their structure largely depends on the nature of acyl migrant and in a less degree on N-aryl substituent. (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708175 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708175 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708174&cid=s_37724_59_f&fid=37724&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fijp%2F2009%2F767951.html We demonstrated a method to control the bandgap energy of GaN nanowires by forming GaN@InGaN core-shell hybrid structures using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Furthermore, we show the growth of Au nanoparticles on the surface of GaN nanowires in solution at room temperature. The work shown here is a first step toward engineering properties that are crucial for the rational design and synthesis of a new class of photocatalytic materials. The hybrid structures were characterized by various techniques, including photoluminescence (PL), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). (Source: International Journal of Photoenergy) International Journal of Photoenergy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708174 Tue, 18 Aug 2009 11:31:48 +0100 2708174