MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'JALA' source. Sun, 29 May 2011 09:27:31 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4757206&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21483651%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods of lithography known as nanoshaving and nanografting are used to write nanopatterns within organic thin films. Commercial instruments provide software to control the length, direction, speed, and applied force of the scanning motion of the tip. For nanoshaving, higher forces are applied to an AFM tip to selectively remove regions of the matrix monolayer, exposing bare areas of the gold substrate. Nanografting is accomplished by force-induced displacement of molecules of a matrix SAM, followed immediately by the surface self-assembly of n-alkanethiol molecules from solution. Advancements in AFM automation enable rapid protocols for nanolithography, which can be accomplished within the tight time restraints of undergraduate laboratories. ... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4757206 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4757206 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4342296&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21180401%26dopt%3DAbstract This study will provide insights in designing microfluidic devices for electrokinetic manipulation of biological samples toward laboratory automation applications in the future. PMID: 21180401 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JALA) JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4342296 Fri, 31 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4342296 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4342295&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D21218162%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jensen EC, Zeng Y, Kim J, Mathies RA Microfluidic devices offer unparalleled capability for digital microfluidic automation of sample processing and complex assay protocols in medical diagnostic and research applications. In our own work, monolithic membrane valves have enabled the creation of two platforms that precisely manipulate discrete, nanoliter-scale volumes of sample. The digital microfluidic Automaton uses two-dimensional microvalve arrays to combinatorially process nanoliter-scale sample volumes. This programmable system enables rapid integration of diverse assay protocols using a universal processing architecture. Microfabricated emulsion generator array (MEGA) devices integrate actively controlled 3-microvalve pumps to enable on-demand generation of uniform drople... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4342295 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4342295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3865596&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20706617%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cappelleri DJ, Halasz A, Sul JY, Kim TK, Eberwine J, Kumar V We have designed and implemented a framework for creating a fully automated high-throughput phototransfection system. Integrated image processing, laser target position calculation, and stage movements show a throughput increase of > 23X over the current manual phototransfection method while the potential for even greater throughput improvements (> 110X) is described. A software tool for automated off-line single cell morphological measurements, as well as real-time image segmentation analysis, has also been constructed and shown to be able quantify changes in the cell before and after the process, successfully characterizing them, using metrics such as cell perimeter, area, major and minor axis length, and ecc... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3865596 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3865596 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3691965&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20563298%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Li N Aptamers are oligonucleotides that can bind to various non-nucleic acid targets, ranging from proteins to small molecules, with a specificity and affinity comparable to that of antibodies. Most aptamer-based detection strategies require modification on the aptamer, which could lead to a significant loss in its affinity and specificity to the target. Here we reported a generic strategy to design aptamer-based optical probes. An unmodified aptamer specific to the target and a fluorogenic competitor complementary to the aptamer are utilized for target recognition and signal generation, respectively. The competitor is a hairpin oligonucleotide with a fluorophore attached on one end and a quencher attached on the other. When no target is present, the competitor binds to the ap... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3691965 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3691965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3626583&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20514343%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yang W, Woolley AT Microfluidic technologies have been applied extensively in rapid sample analysis. Some current challenges for standard microfluidic systems are relatively high detection limits, and reduced resolving power and peak capacity compared to conventional approaches. The integration of multiple functions and components onto a single platform can overcome these separation and detection limitations of microfluidics. Multiplexed systems can greatly increase peak capacity in multidimensional separations and can increase sample throughput by analyzing many samples simultaneously. On-chip sample preparation, including labeling, preconcentration, cleanup and amplification, can all serve to speed up and automate processes in integrated microfluidic systems. This paper summ... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3626583 Mon, 31 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3626583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3468344&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20383277%26dopt%3DAbstract This report reviews the design of photonic crystal biosensors, their associated detection instrumentation, and biological applications. Applications including small molecule high throughput screening, cell membrane integrin activation, gene expression analysis, and protein biomarker detection are highlighted. Recent results in which photonic crystal surfaces are used for enhancing the detection of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and the development of high resolution photonic crystal-based laser biosensors are also described. PMID: 20383277 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JALA) JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3468344 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3468344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3347399&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20209121%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Puccinelli JP, Su X, Beebe DJ Screening biological readouts in cell culture are increasing in frequency and throughput. In such assays, cell types may be rare and reagents or compounds may be expensive often resulting in a reduced number of conditions and/or replicates. "Tubeless" microfluidics offers a method to reduce this burden, as has been previously shown.1 In addition the In Cell Western (ICW) has recently been adapted to microfluidic cultures allowing high throughput analysis of immunocytochemistry (ICC) in microfluidic channels.2 Combining automated liquid handling in tubeless microfluidics with the ICW provides rapid and quantitative high throughput cell-based screens. Here we validate this platform using three parameters: operational robustness (pipetting reliabilit... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3347399 Mon, 01 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3347399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3285416&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20161387%26dopt%3DAbstract In this report, we use recent examples from our work to illustrate the potential of microfluidic cell- and particle-sorting devices. We demonstrate the potential of chip-based high-gradient magnetophoresis that enable high-purity separation through reversible trapping of target particles paired with high-stringency washing with minimal loss. We also describe our work in the development of devices that perform simultaneous multi-target sorting, either through precise control of magnetic and fluidic forces or through the integration of multiple actuation forces into a single monolithic device. We believe that such devices may serve as a powerful "front-end" module of highly integrated analytical platforms capable of providing actionable diagnostic information directly from crude, unprocessed... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285416 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3285416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3285415&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20161420%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lydic TA, Renis R, Busik JV, Reid GE An automated tandem mass spectrometry based analysis employing precursor ion and neutral loss scans in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer has been employed to identify and quantify changes in the abundances of glycerophospholipids extracted from retina and erythrocytes in a rat streptozotocin model of type 1 diabetes, 6 weeks and 36 weeks following induction of diabetes, compared to age matched nondiabetic controls. The utility of an 'internal standard' method compared to an 'internal standard free' method for quantification of differences in the abundances of specific lipid ions was evaluated in both retina and erythrocyte lipid extracts. In retina, equivalent results were obtained by using the internal standard and 'internal standard f... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285415 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3285415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3285414&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D20161584%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lawi W, Wiita C, Snyder ST, Wei F, Wong D, Wong PK, Liao JC, Haake D, Gau V Cartridge-based microfluidics is a promising technology for clinical diagnostics. By miniaturizing the fluid-handling processes required for genomic and proteomic analyses, reagent and specimen volume is minimized along with the size of the system. We demonstrate an automated microfluidic system capable of performing six multiplexed genomic and proteomic analyses simultaneously, by means of an integrated electrochemical sensor and embedded controls. PMID: 20161584 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JALA) JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3285414 Tue, 01 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3285414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3057468&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19956359%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smith CA, Cohen AE The macromolecular crystallography experiment lends itself perfectly to high-throughput technologies. The initial steps including the expression, purification and crystallization of protein crystals, along with some of the later steps involving data processing and structure determination have all been automated to the point where some of the last remaining bottlenecks in the process have been crystal mounting, crystal screening and data collection. At the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), a National User Facility which provides extremely brilliant X-ray photon beams for use in materials science, environmental science and structural biology research, the incorporation of advanced robotics has enabled crystals to be screened in a true high-thro... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3057468 Mon, 01 Dec 2008 00:00:00 +0100 3057468 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2525109&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19492073%26dopt%3DAbstract We present an overview of the problems encountered with the implementation of multiple cell-based assays at the High Throughput Screening Center at Southern Research Institute as well as empirically defined effective solutions to these problems. These include examples of artifacts induced by temperature differences throughout the screening campaign, cell plating conditions including the effect of room temperature incubation on assay consistency, DMSO carry-over, and incubator induced artifacts. PMID: 19492073 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JALA) JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2525109 Sat, 31 May 2008 23:00:00 +0100 2525109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1464667&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18496600%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Yasgar A, Shinn P, Jadhav A, Auld D, Michael S, Zheng W, Austin CP, Inglese J, Simeonov A An efficient and versatile Compound Management operation is essential for the success of all downstream processes in high-throughput screening (HTS) and small molecule lead development. Staff, equipment, and processes need to be not only reliable, but remain flexible and prepared to incorporate paradigm changes. In the present report, we describe a system and associated processes which enable handling of compounds for both screening and follow-up purposes at the NIH Chemical Genomics Center (NCGC), a recently-established HTS and probe development center within the Molecular Libraries Initiative of the NIH Roadmap. Our screening process, termed quantitative HTS (qHTS), involves assaying th... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1464667 Tue, 01 Apr 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1464667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1447342&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18438455%26dopt%3DAbstract We present a novel instrument for DNA purification of forensic samples that is capable of highly effective concentration of nucleic acids from soil particulates, fabric, and other complex samples including solid components. The novel concentration process, known as SCODA, is inherently selective for long charged polymers such as DNA, and therefore is able to effectively reject known contaminants. We present an automated sample preparation instrument based on this process, and preliminary results based on mock forensic samples. PMID: 18438455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: JALA) JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1447342 Fri, 01 Feb 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1447342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1447343&cid=s_36966_166_f&fid=36966&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18172509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lee PJ, Ghorashian N, Gaige TA, Hung PJ Microfluidic cell culture is a promising technology for applications in the drug screening industry. Key benefits include improved biological function, higher quality cell-based data, reduced reagent consumption, and lower cost. In this work, we demonstrate how a microfluidic cell culture design was adapted to be compatible with the standard 96-well plate format. Key design features include the elimination of tubing and connectors, the ability to maintain long term continuous perfusion cell culture using a passive gravity driven pump, and direct analysis on the outlet wells of the microfluidic plate. A single microfluidic culture plate contained 8 independent flow units, each with 10(4) cells at a flow rate of 50 mul/day (6 minute reside... JALA journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1447343 Sat, 01 Dec 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1447343