MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Japanese Psychological Research' source. Thu, 09 Feb 2012 02:31:48 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367951&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00497.x AbstractTime duration is perceived to be longer when accompanied by dynamic sensory stimulation than when accompanied by static stimulation. This distortion of time perception is thought to be due to the acceleration of an internal pacemaker that has been assumed to be the main component of temporal judgments. In order to investigate whether the function of the internal pacemaker is modality dependent or independent, we examined the correlation of visual flicker and auditory flutter effects on a temporal production task. While seeing a 10‐Hz visual flicker or hearing a 10‐Hz auditory flutter, participants estimated a duration of 2500 ms as accurately as possible by pressing a button. The results showed a significant within‐individual correlation between the time distortion due to v... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367951 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367950&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00498.x AbstractWe demonstrated that vection is induced by a motion stimuli that does not have an explicit, bottom‐up motion component. The stimulus motion used in this experiment was animation movie clips of walking people, with no positional changes within the stimulus field. There were no low‐level motion signals in the direction of gait. The results indicate that strong vection was observed under optimal stimuli conditions, that is, large visual field and multiple walkers. These results suggest that vection can be elicited solely by motion signals extracted at relatively higher levels within the visual system. This is the first report that a pure high‐level motion related to “implied motion” induces vection. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367950 Wed, 02 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5554034&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00501.x We examined the idea that the type of relationship, indexed by the perceived responsibility for a partner's needs, moderates the effect of anger on self‐interest and fairness motives by constructing the following hypotheses: Participants will be motivated to protect their self‐interests when they feel anger toward an other who they perceive has the responsibility for needs, while this will not be the case when they feel anger toward an other who they do not perceive has a responsibility for needs (Hypothesis 1), and participants will be motivated to restore fairness regardless of whether the target of anger has a responsibility for needs or not (Hypothesis 2). The Japanese participants in this study rated their anger experiences in terms of the intensity of angry feelings, the percepti... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5554034 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5554034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5507724&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00502.x This article considers whether the promise of EI has been fulfilled. We examine various fundamental challenges to establishing EI as a major individual differences factor, including cross‐cultural issues. We then examine strategies for assessing EI as a personal quality distinct from general intelligence and personality, and evaluate leading tests and scales for EI. Various sources of validity evidence demonstrate the value of research on EI, but we also identify various weaknesses of existing instruments. It appears that there is no strong, over‐arching general factor of EI that shapes human emotional functioning across a range of diverse contexts. Instead, we advocate a “multipolar” conception of EI that discriminates temperament, information‐processing, emotion‐regulation an... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5507724 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5507724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367965&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00488.x AbstractThe virtual collection of human pictorial artifacts represents a treasure for vision scientists: they are not only a showcase of possible — even if often improbable — visual experiences, but also a showcase of visual indexes and information employed by the visual system to generate our phenomenal world. In this work, we address three possible lessons that can be derived from the study of pictorial artifacts, related to the experiences of light and achromatic surface color. The first addresses the definitions of the words lightness and brightness; the second lesson is about the interactions between light and lightness; the third is about the visual experience of light and how artists managed to represent such experiences. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367965 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367964&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00487.x We examined the influence of prepenetration and penetration velocity changes (deceleration, constant velocity, and acceleration) and average velocity during penetration on visual hardness judgments of virtual objects. Eleven participants judged the surface and internal hardness of penetrated objects using an analog scale. They were asked to judge the relative hardness of the penetrated objects compared with a standard pattern with no changes in velocity. The results showed that perceived surface hardness was greater when the penetrating object decelerated during prepenetration or accelerated during penetration, and internal hardness was less when the velocity changed from constant velocity during prepenetration to deceleration during penetration, or when the average velocity was higher dur... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367964 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367963&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00494.x AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine whether stimulus impressions, that is “iwakan” (i.e. the feeling that something is strange (FSS)) could explain the relative superiority of additions or deletions in recognition memory. In Experiment 1, the participants observed either cat pictures or scene drawings in the study phase. They were then asked to judge whether each test picture had been altered. The results showed that deletions were detected more correctly and more quickly than additions in the cat pictures, whereas additions had an advantage over deletions in the scene drawings. In Experiment 2, the participants rated their impressions of altered cat pictures using two scales: the FSS scale, which had “pleasant‐unpleasant” and “oddness” factors, and the P‐FSS ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367963 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367963 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367962&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00486.x We examined how the denotative congruency in audio‐visual stimuli affects the pleasant and restful impressions of the stimuli. In Experiment 1, in which we combined a single sound and a single motion picture, we found that the impressions of the audio‐visual stimuli would be determined in terms of averaging the impressions obtained from each of the audio and visual stimuli. In Experiment 2, in which we combined two sounds and a single motion picture, we found that the pleasant and restful impressions positively shifted when one of the sounds was combined with the denotatively congruent motion picture, even if the unpleasant and unrestful sound was combined with an unpleasant and unrestful motion picture. These results suggested that the denotative congruency between the audio and visua... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367962 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367962 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367961&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00493.x We examined the relation between the perception and impression formation of temporal congruency in audio‐visual stimuli. The luminance of the visual stimulus changed repeatedly with a constant temporal frequency. The audio stimulus was periodic drum sounds. In the phase‐asynchrony condition, the audio stimulus was varied in its phase. In the frequency‐asynchrony condition, it was varied in its temporal frequency. Nine conditions were used for asynchrony between the audio and visual stimuli (0, ±48, ±96, ±192, ±384 ms). The results showed that the participants had an impression of the temporal congruency even if they perceived asynchronicity in the audio‐visual stimulus. This result was particularly true when the audio‐visual stimulus was slow. Both processing that underlies... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367961 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367960&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00496.x In this study, we examined pattern goodness in natural scenes using stone arrangements in a Japanese rock garden. The results showed that the stone arrangement simulating the rock garden at the Ryoan‐ji Temple and arrangements with a single stone deleted from that simulation were evaluated highly. These arrangements had a self‐similar spatial structure, namely, covert regularity, or had simple structures in medial axis transformation. These arrangements also produced impressions of greater width and depth than other arrangements. In contrast, sector arrangements, which gave the most regular impression, were evaluated the lowest for goodness. This suggests that the pattern goodness of natural scenes or the artistic evaluation does not always correspond to overt regularity, often conside... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367960 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367959&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00495.x AbstractYoung children occasionally draw rotated figures such as an inverted face; however, little is known about the details of this phenomenon. In this paper, we addressed when and how rotated drawing emerges in normal child development. Study 1 reported that rotated drawings appeared spontaneously in a longitudinal observation of 33 children. The rotation occurred in 6.3% of all representational figures in free drawing trials, whereas 12.5% of representational drawing occurred in imitation task trials, among children 2 years and 11 months to 4 years and 11 months old. To clarify the developmental process in which rotated figures emerge, Study 2 investigated the different ages of children as to whether triggering stimuli cause them to draw rotated images. Rotation occurred more frequentl... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367959 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367958&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00489.x We describe an fMRI study demonstrating that, when an onomatopoeic word highly suggestive of implied crying is heard, significant activation occurs in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left inferior parietal lobule close to the supramarginal gyrus, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the middle frontal gyrus close to the right premotor cortex, and the visual cortex. Hearing pronounceable nonwords that do not imply crying does not appear to activate these brain areas. We tested the specific hypothesis that image formation in verbal working memory in response to crying‐related words and depictions of crying faces would serve to modulate activation in the premotor and visual cortices, and found this hypothesis to be generally valid. Comparing the present findings to those of previou... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367958 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367957&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00485.x AbstractAffective meanings aroused by various objects, such as paintings, melodies, or words, can be quantified by the semantic differential (SD) technique (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957). In this technique, three main factors (“Evaluation,”“Activity,” and “Potency”) have been consistently extracted from factor analyses of participants' subjective ratings of various objects using bipolar scales of adjective pairs. In the present study, we investigated brain activity during SD ratings of line‐drawing stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared brain activity among the three main factors underlying affective meanings. The overall results showed that Evaluation, Activity, and Potency produced brain activities in the inferior frontal gyrus, the ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367957 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367956&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00484.x AbstractThe present study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying consumer perception of products with visual designs that are accompanied by additional, implied sensory experiences. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) results showed that those brain areas involved in the actual perception of the relevant sensory stimuli were also involved in the sensory experience implied by the product design. The postcentral gyrus, SMA, and MT+ regions were associated with the kinesthetic experiences implied, whereas the insula was associated with the implied gustatory experiences. In addition, the caudate nucleus was involved in the participants' perception of designs implying the additional sensory experiences in general. The behavioral results echoed the neural results in the caudate n... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367956 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367955&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00499.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367955 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367954&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00490.x This study aimed to develop the Japanese language version of Pro‐Change's decisional balance measure for effective stress management (PDSM). Effective stress management refers to activities that are practiced, for at least 20 min per day, to reduce a person's perceived stress. Six hundred and sixty‐five female and 456 male Japanese university and college students participated in this study, which consists of two surveys. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the Japanese language version of the PDSM was developed, which contains 12 items and consists of two factors, the Pros and the Cons. The levels of internal consistency are acceptable (Pros = 0.78 and Cons = 0.64). The scores for the Pros and the Cons subscores were not affected by social desirability (Pros... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367954 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367953&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00491.x This study indicates that the level of psychological distress of women with breast cancer can be ameliorated with a 4‐week self‐management intervention. Lower stress levels were also found in women who reported engagement in higher physical activity than women with low physical activity. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367953 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367952&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00492.x AbstractPrevious studies have reported a negative correlation between the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and the depressive mood. However, which is the cause and which is the effect cannot be determined simply by evaluating the correlation coefficients. In a series of this study, we used non‐normal structural equation modeling, which could provide a statistically plausible answer to the question on the path direction. We tested for the path direction between the variables of interest by statistically comparing all possible models. The models assuming a unidirectional path from the BAS to the depressive mood were consistently supported. This suggested that low BAS could be a predisposition to developing the depressive mood. These findings could enhance our understanding of the mechani... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367952 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5367949&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00500.x AbstractPressing a key by one undergraduate provided another undergraduate with points exchangeable for money, and vice versa. Four types of response patterns were found. Points were often delivered with a delay from the last response or with no response. When a contingency that responses lost points (punishment) was added to participants who had emitted more responses than the partner had, their response rates decreased while the rates of their partners increased. These results demonstrate that, under the contingency of mutual reinforcement: (a) response patterns that had occurred between monkeys were replicated between humans; (b) obtained response‐reinforcer relations were different from those generally programmed in the basic reinforcement schedules; and (c) the behavior of the parti... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5367949 Tue, 01 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5367949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186880&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00479.x This study investigated whether or not visual imagery ability affected the benefit of a survival judgment task. Based on the median split of their VVIQ score, 92 undergraduate students were classified as either high imagers (n = 46) or low imagers (n = 46). In the survival task, participants were requested to judge whether an item presented in the form of two Chinese characters was necessary or not in a survival situation. In the image judgment task, participants were requested to judge whether an item presented in the form of two Chinese characters arouses mental images or not. Participants were presented 18 concrete nouns at 4 s intervals in each condition. In both the survival judgment and the image judgment tasks, high imagers recalled more words than low imagers did. This re... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186880 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186879&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00478.x AbstractInformation integration methodology was used to test Metelli's and Morinaga's theories of achromatic transparency. Stimuli were transparent achromatic disks on a background formed by two adjacent horizontal rectangles. The common border of these rectangles divided each disk in two halves. Let P and Q be the luminances of the left and right halves of a disk and let A and B be those of the left and right rectangles, respectively. Transparency is given by the ratio (P – Q)/(A – B) in Metelli's theory and is given by a weighted average of the ratios (P – Q)/(A – Q) and (P – Q)/(P – B) in Morinaga's theory. Participants rated the transparency of disks with A and B fixed and P and Q combined factorially. Morinaga's theory closely predicted the resultin... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186879 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186878&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00477.x The objective of this study was to investigate whether efficient semantic access is a distinctive feature of number processing using the Japanese language. Japanese was chosen to investigate possible effects of ideographic processing and word frequency: Kanji numerals in Japanese are ideograms and are used frequently, while Kana numerals are phonograms and are used infrequently. The results confirmed a distance effect in the numerical and physical matching tasks with both Arabic and Kanji numerals regardless of notation or task (Experiment 1). However, the effect was not observed with the Kana pairs (Experiment 2), thereby suggesting that semantic access is not always efficient in number processing. The results can be explained coherently within a general framework of word recognition by a... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186878 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186877&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00480.x AbstractA hybrid product (i.e. a multifinal means) is connected with goals relevant to the key functionalities best served by the product categories constituting the product. Given that single‐ or multiple‐category inference for a hybrid product can be elicited in individuals, we propose that single‐ (vs. multiple‐) category inference can lead to a relatively higher preference for the hybrid product if only one of the key focal goals that the hybrid product can satisfy is activated. We also explore whether the evaluation of a hybrid product in single‐category inference will reflect valuation and/or devaluation effects if only one of multiple key focal goals attached to the hybrid product is active. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186877 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5186876&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00476.x AbstractThe generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM) is capable of analyzing polytomous scored, unfolding data such as agree‐disagree responses to attitude statements. In the present study, we proposed a GGUM with structural equation for subject parameters, which enabled us to evaluate the relation between subject parameters and covariates and/or latent variables simultaneously, in order to avoid the influence of attenuation. Additionally, an algorithm for parameter estimation is newly implemented via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, based on Bayesian statistics. In the simulation, we compared the accuracy of estimates of regression coefficients between the proposed model and a conventional method using a GGUM (where regression coefficients are estimated using estimates of θ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5186876 Wed, 31 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5186876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171800&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00481.x AbstractThis research investigated the stability and causal effects of task‐specific self‐efficacy and generalized self‐efficacy in college students. In Study 1, task‐specific self‐efficacy and generalized self‐efficacy scales were administered to university students (N = 237) on two occasions, with an interval of 2 months. In Study 2, task‐specific (care‐work) self‐efficacy and generalized self‐efficacy scales were administered to college students who were studying to be care workers (N = 49) on three occasions (before the first care‐work practicum, after the practicum, and 3 months later). The results of both studies indicated that generalized self‐efficacy was more stable than task‐specific self‐efficacy. In Study 1, both generalized self‐efficacy a... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171800 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5171800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171799&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00482.x AbstractTo clarify the characteristics of autobiographical memories of personally experienced social events, we examined visitors' long‐term memories of the 1970 Japan World Exposition Osaka (Expo 1970) for 47 older adults and of Expo 2005 Aichi Japan (Expo 2005) for 42 older and 40 younger adults using the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ). The factor structure of the MCQ was compared with that of a previous study on long‐term memories of the graduation ceremonies of junior high‐school students, which employed the MCQ and itself was used as a comparative data set (N = 1183). Thus, the long‐term memory characteristics of four independent groups were considered for comparative analysis: Expo 1970‐Older, Expo 2005‐Older, Expo 2005‐Younger, and Graduation‐Younger.... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171799 Sat, 27 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5171799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867391&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00468.x This study aimed to assess the effect of subjective difficulty on the degree of featural or configural processing in face recognition. It could be assumed that featural processing is analytic processing (Peterson & Rhodes, 2003), while configural processing is automatic processing (Dunning & Stern, 1994). It has been suggested that task difficulty affected the automaticity of processing. Task difficulty was manipulated using a number of alternatives or time pressure. Subjective difficulty could also affect the automaticity of processing. If so, then subjective difficulty may in turn affect the degree of featural or configural processing. Participants in a difficult condition were given instructions mentioning that the face‐recognition task was difficult, while participants in the... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867391 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867391 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867390&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00469.x This article describes the cross‐cultural validation of the Counselor Burnout Inventory (CBI; Lee, Baker, Cho, Heckathorn, Holland, Newgent, Ogle, Powell, Quinn, Wallace & Yu, 2007) on a sample of professional counselors and psychotherapists in Japan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the CBI with three models: a one‐factor model, a five‐factor model, and a second‐order model. The results showed that the five‐factor model was a better fit and more parsimonious than both the one‐factor model and the second‐order factor model. Additionally, the internal consistency reliability for the CBI subscale scores proved equivalent to that found for other populations (e.g. American and Korean). The results suggest that counselor burnout is not a un... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867390 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867390 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867389&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00470.x AbstractResearchers have demonstrated that attentional shift triggered by gaze direction is reflexive. However, here we show that attentional shift by gaze direction was not always reflexive, but could be modulated by another's perspective. In Experiment 1, a schematic face's line of sight to a peripheral target was obstructed by a vertical barrier located between the face and the target under two conditions. However, the line of sight of the face was clear under another two conditions, in which the barrier was located behind the line of sight by utilizing a depth cue. The gaze cue shifted attention only when the line of sight was not blocked (i.e. joint attention was attained). The arrow cue did not shift attention regardless of the obstruction conditions in Experiment 2. These results su... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867389 Thu, 26 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867389 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867395&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00467.x AbstractParticipants were required to complete the Japanese version of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (Toyota, Morita, & Takšić, 2007) to assess their level of emotional intelligence. Then they were asked to rate the pleasantness of an episode that each target reminded them of, followed by unexpected free recall tests. Participants with high emotional intelligence recalled targets with pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant episodes equally. However, for participants with low emotional intelligence, targets with neutral episodes were recalled less than those with pleasant or unpleasant ones. These results were interpreted as showing that the level of emotional intelligence determined the effectiveness of neutral episodes on targets as retrieval cues. (Source: Japanese P... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867395 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867394&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00471.x AbstractThe discriminative sensitivities of 30 4‐month‐old and 30 8‐month‐old infants for concave and convex objects were measured using the preferential‐looking method. Five cylinder‐like objects with different magnitudes of concave or convex shaded surfaces and outline contours were presented to the infants in pairs. The results indicated that the 4‐month‐old infants could discriminate better between object convexities than between object concavities. In contrast, the 8‐month‐old infants were able to equally discriminate between object concavities and object convexities, and their sensitivity to both object concavity/convexity was much higher than that of the 4‐month‐old infants. This difference in the sensitivity to object concavity and convexity suggested that y... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867394 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867393&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00473.x AbstractThe present study examined the cognitive factors uniquely associated with the status of alcohol dependence recovery, assessing Korean patients who were recovered (n = 57), having been alcohol‐abstinent for 4 months or more after treatment, and who were nonrecovered (n = 213), being still in treatment. Compared with the nonrecovered group, the recovered group reported lower levels of denial of drinking problems and rationalization of drinking (two dimensions of specific beliefs that facilitate alcohol use), dysfunctional attitudes, depressed mood, and emotion‐focused coping. The recovered group also showed higher levels of alcohol abstinence self‐efficacy and problem‐focused coping. Both denial and alcohol abstinence self‐efficacy were uniquely associated with alco... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867393 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867392&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00472.x AbstractThe aim of this research is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Bermond‐Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ‐J), by testing a sample of 514 undergraduates. Explanatory factor analysis of 40 items of the BVAQ‐J had a similar result to the original BVAQ (Vorst & Bermond, 2001), but 10 items displayed low factor loadings (items 14, 15, 19, 25, 29, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 39); these results were slightly different from the original BVAQ. The validity and reliability of the BVAQ‐30J was suggested by a significant correlation with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20 and estimates of test‐retest and internal consistency. These results suggest that this 30‐item version may be reasonably suitable for Japanese populations. (Source: Japanese P... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867392 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867392 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5171798&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00483.x This study investigated whether or not aging affected the benefit of a survival judgment task. Sixteen young adults and 16 older adults participated in this experiment. In the survival task, participants were requested to judge whether a word was necessary or not in a survival situation. In the self‐referent judgment task, participants were requested to judge how easily the word brings to mind an important personal experience. Participants in each condition were presented 18 concrete nouns at 4‐s intervals. Our results showed that even though the survival judgment task enhanced the memory performance in both the young adults and the older adults, the young adults outperformed the older adults in the survival and self‐referent judgment tasks. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5171798 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5171798 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4867388&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00474.x AbstractTwo experiments using a modified Posner‐type visual cueing paradigm tested the prediction that detecting the darker region of the eyes of another's gaze triggers a reflexive orienting of the observer in the direction of the gaze. A target was presented in the left or right visual‐field following a gaze‐cue with positive or negative‐image polarity (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the polarity of the eyes was manipulated independently of the negative polarity of the face (eye‐positive or eye‐negative‐image polarity conditions). The results showed that the response to the target presented at the side the eyes gazed toward was faster than for the target presented at the other side in the positive polarity condition (Experiment 1), whereas, in the negative polarity conditi... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4867388 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4867388 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808536&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00475.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808536 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808536 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808535&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00465.x AbstractThe polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene in the promoter region (5HTTLPR) has been considered to link with vulnerability to depression and anxiety. This paper introduces a series of our studies showing that this genetic polymorphism can explain portions of individual differences in stress reactivity at multiple levels: brain functions, peripheral physiological responses, and behaviors. Specifically: (a) carriers of double short (S) alleles, compared with carriers of at least one long (L) allele, show greater activation in the hypothalamus and larger reactivity in blood catecholamine, cortisol, and an inflammatory cytokine to acute stress; (b) carriers of double S alleles are more sensitive to punishment, and thus show poorer performance in a decision‐making situation wh... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808535 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808535 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808534&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00464.x AbstractThe reactivity hypothesis implicates exaggerated cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress in the development of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease outcomes. However, exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity has also been suggested as a mediator between a variety of psychosocial and behavioral risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Recent data analyses from the West of Scotland Twenty‐07 study and our own group are discussed together, to show that blunted as well as exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stress may be associated with negative health outcomes. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at rest and during an acute mental arithmetic stress task. We show that depression and obesity are associated with blunted rather than exaggerated reactivi... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808534 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808533&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00463.x AbstractThere is an extensive literature regarding the immunological and endocrinological consequences of illness, stress, and psychopathology. Yet only a modest literature is available regarding the potential unfavorable effects of chronic sleep loss/disruption on immune and endocrine pathways or on various aspects of health. Given that humans spend approximately one‐third of their lives asleep, it seems pertinent to evaluate this necessary yet understudied behavior. The evidence overwhelmingly indicates that “excessive” sleep disruption or poor sleep quality/continuity may subsequently increase risk for adverse health outcomes, as well as mortality. This is thought to occur through dysregulation of biological pathways. While our information addressing the immunological or endocrino... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808533 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808532&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00462.x AbstractIn consideration of existing contradictory findings, the aim of the present study was to overcome the limitations of traditional cardiac reactivity studies. First, we examined the cardiac activation that takes place in response to ruminating about stress, independently of the presence of a real stressor, and second, we focused on the underlying physiological components of cardiac regulation during rumination, that is, the sympathetic and parasympathetic components. In 60 participants (27 men and 33 women; mean age = 33.4 ± 9.5 years), we recorded cardiac impedance and heart rate during baseline, an Anger Recall Interview, a reading task, and two recovery periods. Rumination was experimentally manipulated by the use of a distracter. Nondistracted participants showed higher ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808532 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808531&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00461.x In conclusion, FSI seems to be associated with vascular proinflammation as well as with overall physiological dysregulation and allostatic load. These associations were moderated by eating lifestyle and psychosocial stress. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808531 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808530&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00460.x This study examined associations between life satisfaction and inflammatory biomarkers. Participants were 369 men and 428 women (aged 52.1 ± 16.8 years) recruited from the general population. Participants were required to rate their life satisfaction on a scale ranging from 0 (extremely dissatisfied) to 10 (extremely satisfied). Blood was collected for the measurement of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. In comparison with participants that were dissatisfied with life (5.8% of the sample), those that reported high life satisfaction demonstrated a lower CRP concentration (beta coefficient = −.24, 95% CI, −.47, −.02) and lower fibrinogen (β = −.24, 95% CI, −.45, −.04) after adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking, body mass index, and depressive symptoms... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808530 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808529&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00466.x AbstractThe aim of the present study was to better understand how stress, loneliness, and interactions with peers may affect innate mucosal immunity in new university students. To examine these relationships, 68 new undergraduate students (27 male, 41 female; mean age = 18.89 ± 0.73 years) completed psychosocial measures at four times over a 13‐month period and provided saliva samples to measure salivary secretory immunoglobulin‐A (sIgA) to determine innate immune functioning. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Interaction with Students domain from the Affective Quality of University Life Scale were administered at four time points over 1 year at approximately the start of the first two semesters, exam time, and the start of the second academic year... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808529 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808528&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00459.x AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and perceived loneliness on work days and weekends. Ninety female full‐time workers (20–50 years old) were recruited for this study. Loneliness was evaluated using the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and participants were classified into high (average + 1 SD; n = 20) or low loneliness groups (average – 1 SD; n = 20). The saliva samples were collected on work days and weekends. Participants were instructed to collect saliva on two occasions each day: immediately on awakening and 30 minutes after awakening. The CAR was higher on weekends in the high loneliness group than in the low loneliness group. There were significant differences in the CAR in th... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808528 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4808527&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2011.00458.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4808527 Sat, 30 Apr 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4808527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537897&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00452.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537897 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537897 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537896&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00450.x We examined whether this is also the case with infants using Markovich's pattern, consisting of a black polygon partially occluded by a gray disc, which is completed as either a vertically symmetrical hexagon or as a pentagon, depending on the pattern's orientation. Our experiment consisted of two prefamiliarization test trials, six familiarization trials, and two postfamiliarization test trials. In the familiarization trials, two identical Markovich patterns, upright or slanted, were presented to 7–8‐month‐old infants (N = 28) side by side on a CRT monitor. In the pre‐ and postfamiliarization test trials, a pentagon and a hexagon were presented side by side. Infants looked longer at the hexagon than at the pentagon in the postfamiliarization test trials. This suggests that inf... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537896 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537896 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537895&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00457.x AbstractA single case study is presented of the successful application of focusing‐oriented therapy in the case of a Korean woman who migrated to Japan. The client had a host of problems related to the discrimination she faced from her own family and from Korean society for being female, as well as relationship and cultural difficulties in trying to adjust to married life in Japan. Through 10 sessions of focusing‐oriented therapy, the client was able to re‐examine her situation from a positive perspective and began to accept herself as a person, not necessarily as a woman or a Korean in Japan. Issues related to Korean women immigrants in Japan are explored and the related effectiveness of focusing‐oriented therapy for the particular population is discussed. (Source: Japanese Psycho... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537895 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537895 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537894&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00451.x In this study, the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories of Japanese young and middle‐aged adults was examined. Because the questionnaire was presented on the internet, many participants could take part (N = 252). By dividing the personal events into smaller age bins and applying a mathematical method that corrects for the increased recall of recent events, a reminiscence bump could be identified in the memories of young adults. The location of the reminiscence bump of young adults was similar to the location of the reminiscence bump of middle‐aged adults. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537894 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537894 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537893&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00449.x AbstractWe investigated how different numbers of responses prior to the presentation of a stimulus influenced preferences for the stimulus in three Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Monkeys were trained for two kinds of simultaneous discriminations that followed a high‐effort or a low‐effort response. In probe test trials, the stimulus that followed the high‐effort and the stimulus that followed the low‐effort response during discriminations were presented simultaneously. All monkeys chose stimuli that in training followed a low‐effort response. This result suggested that monkeys avoided stimuli that followed high‐effort responses because of the association between those stimuli and the preceding greater effort. The present result is consistent with our previous study conducte... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537893 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537893 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537892&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00456.x AbstractAccording to the “Semantic Differential” the connotative meaning of words can be quantified in statistically defined dimensions where every word is uniquely located on the dimensions Evaluation (E), Potency (P), and Activity (A). We studied 249 children between 9 and 18 years of age who rated 72 German nouns on 12 bipolar adjective scales. Three age groups were compared: 9–11, 12–14, and 15–18 years. Varimax‐rotated factor analysis yielded the classical EPA dimensions that were independent of age. This indicates that the basic structure and dimensionality of the semantic space is stable. On the other hand, the connotative meaning of individual words changed with age, and it was also affected by gender. In about half of the cases boys differed in their ratings from girls... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537892 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537892 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537891&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00448.x This study investigated how prosodic aspects and wordlikeness of nonwords affect young Japanese children's repetition of nonwords. We contrasted two conditions in which a nonword comprised of two morae was pronounced with and without a small pause between the two morae. We also manipulated accent patterns of presentation of nonwords. The results indicated that the presence of a small pause in a nonword had a facilitating effect on the repetition of nonwords. The advantage of high‐wordlike sequences over low‐wordlike sequences was observed only when the sequence was presented without a pause. In contrast, the effect of accent patterns of presentation interacted with vocabulary sizes of children. These results were interpreted in terms of the framework of phonological working memory and ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537891 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537891 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537890&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00454.x AbstractOur purpose was to investigate the relationships between the names of items that easily evoke nostalgic feelings and nostalgic advertisements from the perspective of nostalgia for the names of these items and from the perspective of source monitoring. We measured the effect of nostalgia on source monitoring and whether the names of items evoked nostalgic feelings when they were presented alone. We found that, from the perspective of the nostalgic feelings, we directly demonstrated that the names of articles that easily evoke nostalgic feelings are more likely to evoke nostalgia when they are presented with nostalgic advertisements than when they are presented with non‐nostalgic advertisements. From the perspective of source monitoring, we revealed that nostalgic advertisements ar... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537890 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537890 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537889&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00453.x AbstractPrevious studies comparing prospective memory between the elderly and young adults have shown that elderly adults perform better in naturalistic settings, while young adults perform better in laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors influence prospective memory in naturalistic settings, and we specifically focused on age, the complexity of the prospective memory task, self‐evaluation and knowledge of memory function, retrospective memory, external memory aids, and internal memory strategies as potential influential factors. Eighty‐six healthy, elderly participants were enrolled (44 women and 42 men, mean age = 68.56 years, SD = 4.53). The results showed that the use of external memory aids increased in complex prospective memory tasks t... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537889 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537889 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537888&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00455.x AbstractThe Delboeuf illusion and the Ebbinghaus illusion (also known as the Titchener illusion) demonstrate that an external contour can lead to size‐assimilation and size‐contrast perception. This paper explores a novel illusion, revealing that neighboring external contours can also lead to a distortion in length perception. The illusion was originally discovered from a face stimulus (Experiment 1) in which a face was depicted alongside its mirror image so as to make the four irises absolutely equidistant. The distance between the middle two irises was underestimated in Asian faces, but overestimated in Caucasian faces. The illusion was also maintained when the facial stimuli were replaced by line drawings of eyes (Experiment 2). However, the illusion vanished when the irises were pr... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537888 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4537887&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00447.x This study attempted to integrate both of the perspectives in a single causal model. Specifically, using data collected from systems engineers and car salespeople in Japan, we investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the links from openness and conscientiousness to continuous learning, and the moderating role of occupation on the mediation mechanism. The results indicated that, for systems engineers, the effects of those personality traits on continuous learning were completely mediated via intrinsic motivation. For car salespeople, however, the trait effects on the outcome variable are direct, rather than transmitted through intrinsic motivation. The meanings of the findings and directions for future research are discussed. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4537887 Tue, 01 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4537887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165746&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00445.x We describe a methodology for examining stimulus class dynamics in budgerigars. Three budgerigars served as subjects. Four call types were trained as operant responses to four discriminative stimuli. The birds were over‐trained in this discrimination, and then run through two conditions. In Condition 1 the birds were trained to peck two of the four stimuli when these two stimuli appeared in two novel locations, while continuing to vocalize to all four stimuli when they occurred in the original training location. An analysis of vocal errors showed that the two stimuli assigned to the peck response were more likely to become confused with one another. In Condition 2 the birds experienced symbolic matching‐to‐sample training. Vocal discrimination trials were run concurrently with this t... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165746 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165745&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00444.x AbstractThe main aim of this study was to examine the relationships between stage of change, which was guided by the transtheoretical model, for stress management behavior and perceived stress and coping. First, we developed the Korean version of the Rhode Island Stress and Coping Inventory (RISCI). Second, we related stage of change for stress management behavior to perceived stress and coping. Based on two surveys that we conducted (n = 530 for survey 1 and n = 299 for survey 2), we developed the Korean version of the RISCI with acceptable internal consistency and criterion‐related validity against the depressive level measured using the Korean Beck Depression Inventory II. The stress score of the Korean version of the RISCI was significantly lower in maintenance than in the ot... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165745 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165745 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165744&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00443.x We examined two hypotheses about infants' perception of orientation. The first is that infants develop an expectation that the human body is normally vertical. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the preferential looking to vertical and oblique versions of a silhouette of a human body, to an inverted body, and to a grating. Our second hypothesis is that presenting a figure inside a frame affects the perception of orientation. To examine the second hypothesis, we placed the figure inside a surrounding square that was oriented normally or at an oblique angle. Four‐ to seven‐month‐old infants (N = 78) participated. The results showed that 6–7‐month‐old infants preferred the oblique human body presented upright; no such preference was observed for the inverted body or the g... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165744 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165744 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165743&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00442.x AbstractThe visual system seems to integrate information that is presented over time in a spatially fragmented fashion, with the result that observers are able to report the whole shape of objects. This research considers relations in space and time that allow the integrated percepts of complete objects. Specifically, temporal characteristics for spatiotemporal integration of illusory contour and spatial characteristics of interpolated contour are examined. A serial presentation paradigm and a dot localization task were used in two experiments; observers localized a probe dot relative to a perceived contour of an illusory object. Each of four inducing figures was briefly presented in a serial order to observers and the total time of the series was manipulated. In Experiment 1 short time ra... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165743 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165743 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4165742&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00441.x AbstractWe investigated the effect of the regular sequence of different views and the three‐quarter view effect on the learning of unfamiliar faces by infants. 3–8‐month‐old infants were familiarized with unfamiliar female faces in either the regular condition (presenting 11 different face views from the frontal view to the left‐side profile view in regular order) or the random condition (presenting the same 11 different face views in random order). Following the familiarization, infants were tested with a pair of a familiarized and a novel female face either in a three‐quarter (Experiment 1) or in a profile view (Experiment 2). Results showed that only 6–8‐month‐old infants could identify a familiarized face in the regular condition when they were tested in three‐quart... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4165742 Mon, 01 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4165742 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923311&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00434.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923311 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923310&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00440.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923310 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923309&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00439.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923309 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923308&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00438.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923308 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923307&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00437.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923307 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923306&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00433.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923306 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923305&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00432.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923305 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923304&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00431.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923304 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3923303&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00436.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3923303 Tue, 31 Aug 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3923303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575671&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00430.x This article surveys recent developments in computational studies of how a motor skill acquired in one context or workspace generalizes to that in another during and after motor adaptation. Experiments on motor adaptation have examined various aspects of human motor control, so conventional modeling efforts have correspondingly taken diverse approaches that are specifically designed for individual experiments. Contrastingly, in the last few years, more principled and systematic computational approaches have begun to explain a variety of experimental findings in a unified and coherent way. These approaches are based on statistical approaches such as Bayesian inference and optimal feedback control, taking into consideration the fact that states of body and environments are not static but inh... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575671 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575671 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575670&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00429.x The ability to understand the actions of others is crucial for all social species. Recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies indicate that understanding the actions of others is mediated by the mirror neuron system (MNS), in which an observed action is mapped onto the observer's own motor representation of that action. Although there has been considerable progress in elucidating the mechanisms and functions of the direct-matching process, we still know little about its developmental aspects. In this article, we first provide a brief overview of the functions of the direct-matching process in the MNS. Next, we review the neurophysiological and behavioral evidence for the developmental aspects of the direct-matching process, indicating that it is already functional at least by the... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575670 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575670 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575669&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00428.x This article focuses on mechanisms for the prediction of feedback and summarizes how the predicted feedback can contribute to rapid, efficient and flexible control of movements and processing of sensory information. Possible neural correlates for the prediction mechanisms and their contribution to higher-order cognitive functions are discussed. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575669 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575669 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575668&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00427.x The neural mechanisms underlying visuomotor transformation are examined based on deficits in tracing and copying, as well as functional neuroimaging studies. The developmental process of copying and tracing, as well as lesion studies with adults showing disability in drawing, are reviewed, then two experiments are introduced. In Experiment 1, a behavioral analysis of copying and tracing by individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) was presented. In Experiment 2, the brain activity involved in copying and tracing was measured in normal adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Based on these findings, we propose a model of visuomotor transformation to explain the neural basis of tracing and copying, as well as to provide a possible neural mechanism underlying the copying deficits an... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575668 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575668 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575667&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00426.x Radial optic flow is one of the crucial cues for the perception of motion-in-depth and contributes to our daily adaptive actions such as locomotion or postural control. Although many researchers have examined the development of radial motion perception and that of adaptive motor actions, no valid developmental model for visuo-motor coordination has been proposed. In the present study, we tried to propose a developmental framework for the interactive process between visual radial motion perception and the adaptive motor actions in infancy, with a brief review of the previous psychophysical, psychophysiological, and neurophysiological studies. The effect of the functional development of the posterior parietal cortex, which might be induced by the experiences of ego motion in particular devel... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575667 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575667 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575666&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00425.x A firm linkage exists between a motor command and its expected feedback. When we are exposed to a conflict between expected and actual feedback in a new context, we form a new linkage between action and perception, which may be further strengthened by prolonged experience. In this paper, we attempt to identify whether the linkage between treadmill locomotion and visual processing in relation to optic flow is strengthened in experienced users of treadmills. Yabe and Taga (2008) showed that ambiguous apparent motions are perceived to be moving downward more frequently when the stimuli are shown in front of the observers' feet on a treadmill when walking compared with when standing. Here, their experimental data was reanalyzed in relation to the experience of using the treadmill. The result r... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575666 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575665&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00424.x The functional roles and perceptual consequences of fixational eye movements are argued. The retinal image motions due to these eye movements are viewed as normally unnoticed velocity noise that limits performance of minimum motion detection without reference. When the motion detection threshold and the variability of eye velocity during fixation were measured for a group of normal adult observers, an interobserver correlation was established between psychophysical and oculomotor data. In particular, when both eyes were open, the threshold of unreferenced motion was positively correlated with the fixation instability of the eye, making larger drifts. Preliminary data also suggested the possibility that the fixation instability of this eye still dominates the detection threshold if this eye... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575665 Mon, 17 May 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3838841&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00429.x Abstract (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3838841 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3838841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3575664&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2010.00435.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3575664 Fri, 30 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3575664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317455&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00417.x The purpose of this study was to develop a State Impostor Phenomenon Scale (SIPS). Participants (344 graduate and undergraduate students) were asked to complete the SIPS, the State Self-Esteem Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Scale in three situations, followed by the Trait Self-Esteem Scale. Results showed that the SIPS had stable factor structure, and adequate reliability. In addition, the predicted correlational patterns among the scales demonstrated the construct validity of the SIPS. Moreover, the SIPS was responsive to different situations, as evidenced by significant differences between the scores in the three situations. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317455 Mon, 01 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317455 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317459&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00421.x The present study investigated the developmental changes in the effects of two types of self-corrected elaboration, namely generated correction and chosen correction, on incidental memory of words. Second and sixth graders performed an orienting task involving two types of correction followed by an unexpected recall test. They were presented with a target and its sentence, and were asked to correct the target to a congruous word in the generated-correction condition, or to choose one of the alternative congruous words in the chosen-correction condition. For second graders, chosen correction led to a better recall than generated correction, whereas for sixth graders the reverse relationship between the two corrections was observed. These results were interpreted as showing the developmental... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317459 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317458&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00420.x The Ebbinghaus illusion is a geometric illusion based on a size-contrast between a central circle and surrounding circles. A central circle surrounded by small inducing circles is perceived as being larger than a central circle surrounded by large inducing circles. In the present study we investigated 5- to 8-month-old infants' perception of the Ebbinghaus illusion using a preferential-looking paradigm. We measured the preference between a central circle surrounded by small inducing circles (overestimated figure) and a central circle surrounded by large inducing circles (underestimated figure). Infants showed a significant preference for the overestimated figure when the central circle was flashing, but not when it was static. Furthermore, there was no preference between the two figures wh... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317458 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317457&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00419.x The present study examined whether information processing bias against emotional facial expressions is present among individuals with social anxiety. College students with high (high social anxiety group; n = 26) and low social anxiety (low social anxiety group; n = 26) performed three different types of working memory tasks: (a) ordering positive and negative facial expressions according to the intensity of emotion; (b) ordering pictures of faces according to age; and (c) ordering geometric shapes according to size. The high social anxiety group performed significantly more poorly than the low social anxiety group on the facial expression task, but not on the other two tasks with the nonemotional stimuli. These results suggest that high social anxiety interferes with processing of emotion... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317457 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3317456&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00418.x Multisensory integration of nonspatial features between vision and touch was investigated by examining the effects of redundant signals of visual and tactile inputs. In the present experiments, visual letter stimuli and/or tactile letter stimuli were presented, which participants were asked to identify as quickly as possible. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated faster reaction times for bimodal stimuli than for unimodal stimuli (the redundant signals effect (RSE)). The RSE was due to coactivation of figural representations from the visual and tactile modalities. This coactivation did not occur for a simple stimulus detection task (Experiment 2) or for bimodal stimuli with the same semantic information but different physical stimulus features (Experiment 3). The findings suggest that t... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3317456 Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3317456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926266&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00406.x The present study intended to examine the criticality of the presence of endpoints and its complementary state, the presence of closures, in early figural identification. Three experiments used a same/different judgment task for simultaneously presented pairs of random figures. Rigorous control over the selections of stimulus figures containing closures and endpoints was ensured. Latencies predicted by six explanations of figural identification (i.e. parallel and the presence of endpoint detection; parallel and closure detection; serial, exhaustive and endpoint detection; serial, exhaustive and closure detection; serial, self-terminating and endpoint detection; and serial, self-terminating and closure detection) were evaluated by the obtained patterns of latencies. The experiments persiste... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926266 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 15:32:00 +0100 2926266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926271&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00411.x Meta-stereotype refers to individuals' predictions about how their group is viewed by an outgroup rather than their own impressions about the outgroup (i.e. other-stereotype). We posited that, because of their inferential nature, meta-stereotypes can be affected by evaluational aspects, and that being liked or disliked can evoke reciprocal feelings toward the outgroup. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether meta-stereotypes are predictive of implicitly measured attitudes toward an outgroup by focusing on the Japanese meta-stereotype of Koreans. Japanese participants answered questions about their meta- and other-stereotype of Koreans and completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess their attitudes toward Koreans relative to their ingroup. The results indicated t... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926271 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2926271 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926270&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00410.x Assessment of recovery is important for the investigation of stress but has been compounded by difficulties, in particular contamination by the carryover effect. In the present study, the mean recovery rate (MRR) was used in order to overcome this difficulty. First, the validity of the MRR was demonstrated theoretically. Second, it was demonstrated experimentally, when a comparison was made with the validity of the mean recovery per se. In the experiment, data on beat-by-beat systolic blood pressure, obtained from 18 participants before, during, and after mental arithmetic, were used as a typical sample. The implications of these results for the understanding of recovery measures are discussed. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926270 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2926270 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926269&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00409.x Verbal probability phrases (e.g. "possible" or "doubtful") have a feature called "directionality" (Teigen & Brun, 1995), which focuses listeners on event occurrence or nonoccurrence. We conducted an experiment about certainty estimations based on verbal probabilities in order to examine the effect of directionality on perceived certainty. In measuring perceived certainty, we used scale-based method involving responses with a scale (e.g. 101 points' scale, 0 = unlikely to 100 = likely) and numerical method involving responses such as "50%." We found that, although the effect of directionality on perceived certainty was observed in using the scale-based method, the effect disappeared when the numerical method was used. We discuss these results from two types of information processing (intuit... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926269 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2926269 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926268&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00408.x We examined the efficacy of various pointing gestures in evoking viewer's attentional shifts. After viewing the gesture cue, observers quickly reported the location of a visual target. With a short cue-target delay, reaction times were generally shorter for the target at the location where gesture cues pointed, but not with a long cue-target delay. Moreover, the indexical pointing gesture produced a significantly larger cueing effect than the other gestures. Our control experiments indicated that the index-finger advantage is tightly linked to the proper morphological shape (i.e. length and position of the index finger) of the indexical pointing and is not explained by the directional discriminability of the gesture. The visual system seems to use mechanisms that are partially independent ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926268 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2926268 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2926267&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00407.x Two habituation experiments investigated 9[ndash]11-month-old infants' reasoning about causality in anomalous human movements. During habituation, infants saw an event in which a person walked toward a stationary person behind an occluder who fell down after an interval. Then, the infants were tested with two events without the occluder: the contact event in which the first person pushed the second one to fall down and the no-contact event in which the second person fell down without any contact. In Experiment 1, in which the persons were face-to-back, infants looked at the no-contact event for a longer time, whereas in Experiment 2, in which the persons were face-to-face, they looked at both the events for equal duration. Thus, infants considered it unnatural when a person fell down witho... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2926267 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2926267 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802723&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00396.x The ability to learn causal relationships between external events is important for animals, including human beings, in order to select appropriate predictive behavior. Historically, associative theories have claimed that the association between events is crucial, and automatic bottom-up processes play a role in achieving this goal, particularly in animals. Although associative theories could give a parsimonious explanation for predictive behavior in animals without the concept of causality, recently, several experiments have shown evidence that even rats can acquire and use causal knowledge to predict possible future events. In this article, I review the major contribution of associative theories to predictive behavior and also theoretical advances in causal reasoning in animals as strong ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802723 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802722&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00402.x This article discusses the biological aspects of human-dog attachment. Attachment requires the distinction of a specific figure using species-specific social cues and specific responses to the figure, brought about by neuroendocrinological homeostatic functions as well as behavioral aspects. It has been shown that dogs can distinguish a particular human figure (e.g. the owner) and exhibit specific autonomic reactions. Moreover, when dogs gaze at their owners, the latter's urinary oxytocin levels increase after the interaction. This understanding of the biological aspect of interspecies attachment suggests the possible elements that form the basis of cross-species empathy and the development of evolutionary cognitive abilities that may depend on not merely their genetic dendrogram. (Source:... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802722 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802721&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00399.x The focus of acoustic communication studies differs between birds and primates due to differences between the avian and primate social structures. Contact calls exist in almost all species independent of social structure, indicating their importance for animals. Contact calls contain various types of information about the sender. They function to keep groups cohesive or to help reunite visually separated individuals. In this review, we first describe the type of information contained in the acoustic structure of contact calls, and then we consider the function of contact calls in animals' social lives, particularly their function as identity advertisements. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802721 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802720&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00398.x Common marmosets have traditionally been used in fields such as comparative psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and ethology, and as animal models of human disease research because of their relatively small body size, high reproductive rate, similar breeding system characteristics to those of humans, high dependency on vocal communication, and behavioral effects from drug administration that resemble those of humans. Although the animal has proved to be quite advantageous in animal model research in comparison to rodents, and has specific ecological and evolutionary characteristics that are worthy of exploration, few attempts have been made until recently to combine both types of approach. Thus, supported by neuroscientific methodologies that have recently been developed using this species... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802720 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802719&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00404.x Although elephants are well-known and one of the most popular species among people, their behavior and cognitive abilities have not been studied very extensively. But recently, more and more researchers are becoming interested in studying their cognition, particularly their general intelligence, including causal reasoning and mirror self recognition, memory, and numerical cognition. Although genetically elephants are more closely related to the small-brained aardvarks and manatees than to primates, they hold enormous potential in their cognitive skills. Also, studying their cognition is important from the point of view of animal welfare in captivity. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802719 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802719 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802718&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00395.x Dolphins live in aquatic environments that differ greatly from our terrestrial environments. Several studies have demonstrated that dolphins have complex cognitive abilities comparable to those of great apes. No comparative cognitive studies of dolphins were conducted in Japan until the mid-1990s, but several pioneering works on dolphin comparative brain studies in Japan had already implied the higher cognitive ability of dolphins by the 1940s. Research in this field is now increasing gradually. This paper provides an overview of comparative cognitive studies of dolphins conducted in Japan, in order to promote dolphin cognition studies in Japan in the future. It begins with a brief history of dolphin cognitive studies in Japan, which is followed by case studies of visual, acoustic, and soc... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802718 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802718 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802717&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00397.x Although it is frequently assumed that fish possess only simple brain functions, it is becoming increasingly clear that rather complex cognitive abilities are also found in fishes, in particular teleosts. Further studies in teleosts are thus expected to extend our knowledge of cognition from a comparative point of view. The anatomical substrates responsible for such cognitive abilities, however, remain almost entirely unknown in teleosts, offering little clues to understand the evolutionary history or origins of cognition based on neural grounds. Moreover, a firm conclusion on the homology of the teleostean forebrain, in particular the telencephalon, which is a candidate central structure involved in cognitive functions, still remains to be drawn. The present paper introduces an overview o... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802717 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802717 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802716&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00401.x Cephalopod mollusks are found virtually everywhere throughout the world's oceans. They are highly mobile invertebrates that have evolved behavioral and morphological defenses against vertebrate predators. Unlike other mollusks, the coleoid cephalopods (octopus, cuttlefish, and squid) possess highly developed nervous systems with huge brains equivalent in size to some vertebrate brains. Cephalopod intelligence is also exhibited by their impressive memory and learning abilities. Why have cephalopods developed such huge brains and cognitive ability? One of the keys to answering this question lies in understanding the social interactions of cephalopods, which have thus far not been well documented. In this paper, I will outline our recent behavioral experiments using mirrors with some cephalop... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802716 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802715&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00405.x In three experiments, we explored the perception of neon-color spreading in squirrel monkeys and compared it with that of humans. In Experiment 1, human observers were tested to confirm the effect of stimulus aspects that were controlled in a series of experiments on the neon-color effect. The strength of the neon-color effect was modulated by the width, spacing, and luminance ratio of crosshatched lines that induced neon-color spreading. In Experiment 2A, one squirrel monkey was taught to discriminate a circle from three other shapes induced by the neon-color effect under the same stimulus conditions as in Experiment 1. The dependent measure was the percentage of correct responses. In Experiment 2B, two monkeys were trained to discriminate a target stimulus from three nontarget stimuli th... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802715 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802715 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802714&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00400.x We examined the capacity of visual working memory in three male jungle crows using an operant delayed matching-to-sample procedure. In the delayed matching-to-sample, each trial started with the presentation of a sample stimulus, followed by the presentation of comparison stimuli after a delay interval. The choice of the matching comparison was rewarded. Jungle crows showed a steady decline in proportion correct with increasing delay interval. The proportion correct was higher when the sample stimulus was the same in the preceding trial, suggesting that proactive interference prevented the birds from retrieving the memory successfully. The analysis of response time revealed that response time was faster in correct than incorrect trials when the matching performance was acquired. Furthermor... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802714 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802714 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802713&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00394.x Four penguins (Spheniscus demersus) were trained to discriminate line length in a simultaneous discrimination task. After the birds' performances reached a discrimination criterion, the reinforcement ratio was decreased to .33. After the ratio of correct trials reached .90 in three successive sessions with a partial reinforcement procedure, probe-test sessions were introduced. In the probe-test trials, untrained lines were presented paired with the trained lines. The four probe-test trials were mixed into 45 discrimination trials. In the probe-test trials, the penguins that had been trained to peck shorter lines pecked the untrained shorter line rather than the longer line that was reinforced in the discrimination trials. In contrast, those birds that had been trained to peck the longer li... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802713 Tue, 15 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802713 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2802712&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00403.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2802712 Mon, 31 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2802712 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2394709&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00393.x Abstract: Some perceptual cues carry information about the overall pattern of an object (holistic cues), whereas others carry information about the distinct parts of an object (part cues). Drawing on recent work on culture and cognition, the authors predicted that people with European-American cultural backgrounds would be more capable of using part cues in perceptual inference than those with Asian backgrounds. No such cross-cultural difference was expected for the ability to use holistic cues. In two studies, participants were presented with either one of the two types of cues and asked to infer the identity of the original objects. As predicted, in the part-cue condition European-American participants performed better than did Japanese (Study 1) and Asian-American participants (Study 2)... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2394709 Wed, 06 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2394709 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2394708&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00392.x This article tested whether only the strongest alternative outcome would affect probability judgment, using a variable selection method in a multiple regression analysis. Study 1 reanalyzed the results of Windschitl and Young (2001) and showed that only the strongest alternative outcome affects probability judgment. In Study 2, a new experiment was conducted to modify the methodological problems in Study 1. The results of Study 2 were identical to those of Study 1. All these results consistently supported the comparison hypothesis. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2394708 Wed, 06 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2394708 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2394707&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00391.x Abstract: A global property (i.e., pitch set) of a melody appears to serve as a primary cue for key identification. Previous studies have proposed specific local properties in a melody (e.g., the augmented fourth, the perfect fifth, etc.) that may function as further cues. However, the role of the latter in key identification is controversial. The present study was designed to investigate what kinds of local properties, if any, function as reliable cues for key identification. Listeners were asked to identify keys for 450 melodies that consisted of the same pitch set, but which differed in sequential constraints. Using multiple discriminant analyses, we evaluated relative contributions of as many kinds of local properties as possible (e.g., single intervals, single pitch classes in each se... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2394707 Wed, 06 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2394707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2394706&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00390.x Abstract: For this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine whether medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activity during self-knowledge reference reflects the uniqueness of self-knowledge. Experiment 1 investigated neural activity during self-knowledge reference ("Does the word describe you?") and self-monitoring ("Does the word make you feel pleasant?"). The results showed that self-knowledge reference and self-monitoring activate common neural substrates within the MPFC. Experiment 2 compared neural activity produced by self-knowledge reference, other-knowledge (acquaintance-knowledge) reference ("Does this word describe the person?"), and evaluation ("Is this word socially desirable?"). Results showed no increase in MPFC activity during self-knowledge reference relati... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2394706 Wed, 06 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2394706 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2394705&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00389.x Abstract: We investigated the effects of feature types on statistical description of relative frequency by testing the accuracy and precision in a proportion discrimination task. We used search symmetry pairs and search asymmetry pairs as the elements for comparison. In Experiment 1, we used sets of red and green dots and sets of parallel lines and converging lines as search symmetry pairs, and we used sets of circles and circles with lines as a search asymmetry pair. The results demonstrated that the proportion of pop-out elements in the asymmetry pair was overestimated and that precision of proportion discrimination differed between pairs. In Experiment 2, to eliminate the possibility that the overestimation found in Experiment 1 was due to quantitative dominance, we used sets of circles... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2394705 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2394705 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271265&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00388.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271265 Sun, 15 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271264&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00387.x This study examines the characteristics of flow activities, executive skills of time management and goal directedness related to autotelic personality styles. Japanese college students (155 men and 168 women) completed the Flow Experience Checklist, Evaluation after Everyday Life Activities Scale, Time Management Skill Scale, Experiential Time Perspective Scale, and Multiple Mood Scale with reference to five everyday activities. The results suggest that flow activities are related to the process of personal growth and self-advancement, and also provide pleasure and motivation for subsequent activity. Autotelic people reported the highest amount of flow experience in everyday activities, and the highest scores on time management and goal directedness. (Source: Japanese Psychological Researc... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271264 Sun, 15 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271262&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00386.x Abstract: Saccade trajectory often curves away from a previously attended, inhibited location. A recent study of curved saccades showed that an inhibitory effect prevents ineffective reexamination during serial visual search. The time course of this effect differs from that of a similar inhibitory effect, known as inhibition of return (IOR). In the present study, we examined whether this saccade-related inhibitory effect can operate in an object-based manner (similar to IOR). Using a spatial cueing paradigm, we demonstrated that if a cue is presented on a placeholder that is then shifted from its original location, the saccade trajectory curves away from the original (cued) location (Experiment 1), yet the IOR effect is observed on the cued placeholder (Experiment 2). The inhibitory mechan... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271262 Sun, 15 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271261&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00385.x Abstract: The study investigated the determinants of citizen participation in the development of a waste management plan. It was hypothesized that people would decide whether or not to participate in the planning based on the expectation of empowerment to be gained by their participation, not on the general evaluation of citizen participation. Four hundred and twenty-four volunteers responded to a self-report mailed survey conducted in August 2001 in Nisshin City. Nisshin City was selected as a city where the municipal government was starting to develop a basic plan for waste reduction and recycling. Major findings from the survey were: (a) the direct social benefits (i.e., making a better plan by citizen participation) were the main determinant of the general evaluation of citizen partici... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271261 Sun, 15 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271259&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00384.x In this study, we examined the effect of threatening pictures (e.g., snakes and spiders) on control of spatial attention using a probe detection task. In addition to attentional capture by the threatening stimuli (Unpredictable task), the effects of affective valence of the pictures on the voluntary control of attention were explored (Predictable task). Results showed that reaction time (RT) was facilitated to the probe that appeared at the location of threatening stimuli when it occurred in the right visual field (but not in the left visual field), indicating that attention was captured automatically, at least in this visual field. However, when participants were able to predict the probe location, the attentional gains increased similarly for all the conditions (composed of visual field ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271259 Sun, 15 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2271259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2271257&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2009.00383.x Abstract: In test operations using IRT (item response theory), items are included in a test before being used to rate subjects and the response data is used to estimate their item parameters. However, this method of test operation may lead to item content leakage and an adequate test operation can become difficult. To address this problem, Ozaki and Toyoda (2005, 2006) developed item difficulty parameter estimation methods that use paired comparison data from the perspective of the difficulty of items as judged by raters familiar with the field. In the present paper, an improved method of item difficulty parameter estimation is developed. In this new method, an item for which the difficulty parameter is to be estimated is compared with multiple items simultaneously, from the perspective of... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2271257 Sun, 01 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2271257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987496&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.volcontents_v50.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987496 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987495&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00381.x Abstract: Individuals make localization errors when asked to localize the perceived onset (starting point; SP) and offset (vanishing point; VP) of a moving target. For VP, a position shifted forward is usually indicated, whereas for SP two conflicting spatial mislocations are reported (i.e., one in the direction of motion and the other in the direction opposite to motion). Three experiments are presented, aimed at testing the influence on SP and VP errors of the modulation of target's velocity in the first, central, and last part of a horizontal or vertical motion path. A forward VP displacement was obtained, whereas for SP a backward displacement proved significant only for horizontal motions. Velocity modulation had an effect only on VP mislocation (Experiment 1), and this effect was due... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987495 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987494&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00380.x Abstract: To investigate the effects of driving experience on visual search during driving, we measured eye movements during driving tasks using a driving simulator. We evaluated trained and untrained drivers for selected driving road section types (for example, intersections and straight roads). Participants in the trained group had received driving training by the simulator before the experiment, while the others had no driving training by it. In the experiment, the participants were instructed to drive safely in the simulator. The results of scan paths showed that eye positions were less variable in the trained group than in the untrained group. Total eye-movement distances were shorter, and fixation durations were longer in the trained group than in the untrained group. These results s... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987494 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987493&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00379.x Abstract: The study of perceptual causality has seen a resurgence of interest ever since continuous behavioral measures, and not just perceptual reports, were proposed. As one such measure, representational momentum (RM) was recently applied by Hubbard (Hubbard, Blessum, & Ruppel, 2001; Hubbard & Ruppel, 2002) to Michotte's launching paradigm (Michotte, 1954). Among the several open issues regarding this use of RM stand the following three: (a) how the joint actions of dynamic and kinematic variables are integrated in RM; (b) the effect of specific response modalities; and (c) how RM relates to causal phenomenology. In the present experiment, launcher-target velocities and launcher's size (implied mass) were fully crossed in three integration tasks, requiring target localization responses ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987493 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987492&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00378.x This study was designed to investigate which acoustical feature functions as an effective cue to "mark" the occurrence of a new event. When two steady sounds are connected by a short frequency glide, at which point do we perceive the occurrence of the second sound: the starting point of the frequency glide or its ending point? To answer this question, experimental stimuli were designed to establish an isochronous structure that was conveyed exclusively by the starting or by the ending point of the glide. The frequency glide was made by modulating the carrier frequency of a sinusoid or the resonant frequency of a complex tone. In two experiments, the deviation from the isochronous structure was detected more easily under the starting-point condition than under the ending-point condition. Th... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987492 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987491&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00377.x Abstract: We have carried out experiments to explore the effect of prior knowledge and expectation on the detection of audiovisual synchrony. By expanding on earlier methodologies, we have shown that the perception of synchrony is not affected by prior knowledge of lag type (i.e., visual signal precedes audio signal or vice versa). This result suggests that higher-level cognitive processes like expectation do not play a significant role in synchrony perception. We also introduce here a systems-level model based on cross-correlation that is compatible with both the observations of our experiments and with the observations of other studies. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987491 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987490&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00376.x This study investigates whether the delay caused in the course of wave propagation along the basilar membrane (BM) of the cochlea (i.e., the cochlear delay) affects the perceptual judgment of the synchronization of two sounds. An experiment was conducted to examine the detection of asynchrony using two types of chirps (compensatory and enhanced chirps) and a pulse. A compensatory delay chirp was designed to align the peaks of the BM velocity. An enhanced delay chirp had a delay pattern that "enhances" the assumed cochlear delay. The pulse had a cosine phase relation and, as a result, an intrinsic cochlear delay at the auditory peripheral. The results suggest that it was difficult for the auditory system to distinguish sounds when the lower-frequency components arrived after the higher-freq... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987490 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987489&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00375.x Abstract: We adopted the psychological refractoriness paradigm to study whether visual pattern goodness affects central processing load in a same-different task. In a dual-task experiment, a two-alternative forced choice auditory classification was followed by a same-different task in which Garner's classical five-dot patterns were presented. Goodness of these patterns and stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the first and second task were varied between trials. Participants used a physical sameness criterion; only patterns of the same shape and orientation were responded to as same. Strong effects of pattern goodness and SOA were found, and both factors had additive effects on response latencies. This result was taken as evidence that pattern goodness determines central processing load... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987489 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987488&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00374.x Abstract: In Japan, psychophysics began as early as 1888 with the first lecture on it given by Yujiro Motora at the Imperial University (the University of Tokyo), following the completion of his PhD, at the laboratory of G. S. Hall. In 1910, A Photographic Album of Experimental Psychology was published, which included many photographs of psychophysical experiments. In 1933, Sadaji Takagi conducted the first experiment on animal psychophysics to investigate shape constancy in small birds. In 1949, the first experiment on infant psychophysics was conducted by Jyuji Misumi to study the early development of size constancy. And, in 1955, Tadasu Oyama proposed a new psychophysical technique, naming the method of transposition to measure perceived size ratios without using numerical expressions. ... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987488 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987487&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00373.x Abstract: Whereas the contextual basis of psychophysical responding is well founded, the compound influence of sensory and perceptual frames of reference constitutes a challenging issue in comparative one- and multidimensional psychophysics (e.g., Sarris, 2004, 2006). We refer to previous investigations, which tested the assumption that the chicken's relational choice in the one-dimensional case is systematically altered by context conditions similar to the findings stemming from human participants. In this paper mainly the context-dependent stimulus coding was investigated for the important, but largely neglected, two-dimensional case in humans and chickens. Three strategies were predicted for the generalization of size discriminations, which had been learned in a different color context.... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987487 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987486&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00372.x Abstract: Basic research in psychoacoustics and its applications are discussed. Psychophysical laws should be robust in order to be used for practical purposes. The importance of the development and use of appropriate psychophysical methods in relation to the present study is introduced. When laboratory findings are applied to real-life situations, there are various problems that have to be considered. It is necessary to control for complicated variables, to cover a wide area of stimuli, from static stimuli to dynamic stimuli, and to take into consideration the effects of cognitive factors and ecological validity. Using the loudness of non-steady-state sounds as an example, the process from basic psychoacoustic research to its practical applications is introduced. (Source: Japanese Psychol... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987486 Tue, 25 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1987486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1987485&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00382.x (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1987485 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1987485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828113&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00371.x Abstract: The present study intended to examine the role of endpoints and of closures, the two most frequently referred to features, in a feature-search paradigm. Two experiments were conducted with a rigorous stimulus control using random lined figures of different levels of complexity. The experiments gave almost identical results: there was no search asymmetry between the two features, smaller latencies were obtained in the presence of a feature as a target rather than in its absence, and the latencies were smaller for the displays having a background consisting of closures rather than for those having a background of endpoints. The results were more comprehensively explained by the high contrast between an endpoint as a target and closures as a background, rather than the conspicuity o... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828113 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828112&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00370.x Abstract: This field study investigated the effect of goal difficulty and feedback seeking on goal attainment and learning in Management by Objectives (MBO) programs. Participants (n = 105) described the degree of their goal difficulty. After 6 months, they answered a questionnaire that inquired about the frequency of the feedback-seeking and the degree of learning during the 6-month period. Data about the extent of goal attainment were obtained from the participants' immediate supervisors. The results indicated that goal difficulty and the frequency of feedback seeking were positively related to the degree of goal attainment and learning. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828112 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828111&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00369.x Abstract: We investigated 3- and 4-month-old infants' sensitivity to differences defined by shading using a paired-comparison familiarity/novelty preference procedure. Infants were familiarized with a pair of displays consisting of homogeneous shaded disks, and then were tested with two displays: the familiar display and a novel one containing shaded disks with reversed polarity (defined as the target). Experiment 1 examined two assumptions on discerning shapes from shading in infants by manipulating the orientations in the shading gradient of stimuli. When the orientation of the shading gradient was vertical, 4-month-old infants looked at the novel display for a longer time during the test trial. However, they failed to detect differences when the orientation of shading gradients was hori... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828111 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828110&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00368.x Abstract: A landscape photograph may give a different impression from that formed at the real scene, with respect to the size and distance of objects. Researchers have reported that the perceived sizes and distances of objects in a photograph are not identical to those in a real space. In order to develop a method to create a graphic image that is close to our visual impression as seen in the real space, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, we examined how the magnification rate of the perceived size to the object size on the retina varied with the viewing distance (range was from 1 m to 10 m). In Experiment 2, we examined whether transformation based on the magnification rate is effective for creating an image that matches the perceived size of the object at the scene. Our res... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828110 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828109&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00367.x Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility that a shift toward a within-hemisphere advantage would emerge when two stimulus items receive, respectively, different processing (vs. when they receive similar processing). Using right-handed participants, we briefly presented two Kanji color-word items as either within-field or across-fields. Viewers had to match the two items in terms of ink color (a color-matching task) or word meaning (a name-matching task). Each Kanji color word was presented with the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) ink color relative to the word meaning. Our results were twofold. First, a within-field advantage appeared in the relatively easier color-matching task, whereas an across-field advantage tended to occur in the relativel... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828109 Mon, 01 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1612355&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-5884.2008.00362.x Abstract: A total of 198 Japanese parents completed a questionnaire concerning their own and their children's estimated overall general (g), and multiple intelligences. Japanese parents' self-estimates were somewhat lower than those found in the Western populations but males (fathers) rated their own overall "g" score and seven Gardner multiple intelligences, significantly higher than did females (mothers). There were few sex differences, however, when parents rated sons or daughters. Parents' own IQ estimate was the best predictor of the first (eldest) child's estimated IQ. A regression analysis indicated that the best predictors of self-estimated overall "g" intelligence were self-estimated verbal and numeric intelligences. Children's age and sex, and parents' age and sex, were all non-s... Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1612355 Thu, 01 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1612355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1377277&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2008.00362.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 63-76, May 2008. Abstract: A total of 198 Japanese parents completed a questionnaire concerning their own and their children's estimated overall general (g), and multiple intelligences. Japanese parents’ self-estimates were somewhat lower than those found in the Western ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1377277 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 19:10:04 +0100 1377277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1377279&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2008.00364.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 87-92, May 2008. Abstract: The authors’ prior research has documented that young children's behaviors in the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task can be influenced by their observation of another person performing the task and has suggested that young children ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1377279 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:25:23 +0100 1377279 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1377280&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2008.00365.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 93-99, May 2008. Abstract: Anstis’ equally readable chart for visual acuity has been widely quoted in textbooks on visual perception. However, this chart does not reflect the anisotropy of peripheral visual acuity that has been reported by previous studies. Here, the ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1377280 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:25:22 +0100 1377280 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1377278&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2008.00363.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 77-86, May 2008. Abstract: The effects of stimulus eccentricity (central or peripheral) on vection (visually induced self-motion perception) were investigated using a stimulus combination consisting of a static foreground and a moving background, the depths of which ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1377278 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:25:20 +0100 1377278 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1377281&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2008.00366.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 2, Page 100-103, May 2008. Abstract: Despite previous failures to identify visual-upon-auditory spatial-cuing effects, recent studies have demonstrated that the abrupt onset of a lateralized visual stimulus triggers a shift of spatial attention in response to auditory judgment. ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1377281 Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:25:18 +0100 1377281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1211063&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00357.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 1, Page 1-11, March 2008. Abstract:  The negativity bias is the perceptual phenomena whereby an emotionally negative stimulus is processed faster than a positive or neutral stimulus. We used the attentional blink paradigm to investigate whether attentional resources are required ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1211063 Wed, 06 Feb 2008 19:34:43 +0100 1211063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1211067&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00361.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 1, Page 49-62, March 2008. Abstract:  When one binocularly views a group of vertical lines through a ring, the outermost line segments (one on each side) seen within the ring are seen monocularly while the segments of the same lines outside the ring are seen binocularly. The ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1211067 Wed, 06 Feb 2008 08:12:14 +0100 1211067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1211066&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00360.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 1, Page 36-48, March 2008. Abstract:  We investigated the effect of dietary restriction on spatial learning ability and hippocampal cell proliferation in adult rats using two spatial learning tasks and immunohistochemical staining with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Sixteen rats ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1211066 Wed, 06 Feb 2008 08:11:51 +0100 1211066 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1211064&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00358.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR We examined whether VWM and CLK are distinct verbal ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1211064 Wed, 06 Feb 2008 08:11:50 +0100 1211064 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1211065&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00359.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 50, Issue 1, Page 24-35, March 2008. Abstract:  The present study investigated the social determinants required to stimulate consistency in minority members’ attitudes and behavior. The experiment was designed to examine the consistency of individuals in the context of an intergroup belief ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1211065 Wed, 06 Feb 2008 08:11:36 +0100 1211065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011148&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00350.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 235-247, November 2007. Abstract:  The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of goal orientations on ninth-grade students’ (54 girls and 55 boys) task-specific appraisals (i.e., anticipated interest, self-efficacy, test anxiety, and physical symptoms) and ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011148 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 19:21:53 +0100 1011148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011153&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00355.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 288-295, November 2007. Abstract:   The present study examined the effect of phonological identity between two letters on the visual recognition of the letters. Participants were required to identify the two same or different letters that were successively presented for a short ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011153 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:14 +0100 1011153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011152&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00354.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 282-287, November 2007. Abstract:  It has been suggested that Westerners are more inclined than Easterners to endorse dispositionism. To help explain what produces this cultural difference, I examined the responses of Japanese and American students to determine whether levels ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011152 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:14 +0100 1011152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011150&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00352.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 261-274, November 2007. Abstract:  Children's moral judgments about acts of commission and omission with negative outcomes were studied based on their understanding of mental states. Children (N = 142) in the first, third, and fifth grades made judgments about four tasks ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011150 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:14 +0100 1011150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011149&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00351.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 248-260, November 2007. Abstract:  The sampling strategy of the visual system in binocular disparity and motion parallax to discriminate depth was investigated. Human observers were asked to discriminate between the depths of two surfaces defined by both cues. Gaussian noise ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011149 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:14 +0100 1011149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011154&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.volcontents_1.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 296-297, November 2007. (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011154 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:13 +0100 1011154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1011151&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00353.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Page 275-281, November 2007. Abstract:   Autobiographical memory refers to the recollection of experiences from an individual's life. Johnson, Foley, Suengas, and Raye (1988) developed a Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (MCQ) to examine several qualitative characteristics of ... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1011151 Wed, 07 Nov 2007 02:21:13 +0100 1011151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=880787&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00345.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR Japanese Psychological Research Volume 49, Issue 3, Page 179-191, Sep 2007. Abstract: Many techniques for automated model specification search based on numerical indices have been proposed, but no single decisive method has yet been determined. In the present article, the performance and features of the model specification searc... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=880787 Tue, 18 Sep 2007 18:11:43 +0100 880787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=880791&cid=s_27185_36_f&fid=27185&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwell-synergy.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-5884.2007.00349.x%3Fai%3D11t%26mi%3D4mpuw%26af%3DR This study examined how a metacognitive strategy known as self-explanation influences word problem solving in elementary school children. Participants were 79 sixth-graders. They were assigned to one of three groups: the self-explanation group,... (Source: Japanese Psychological Research) Japanese Psychological Research journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=880791 Tue, 18 Sep 2007 08:21:37 +0100 880791