MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal de la Societe de Biologie' source. Wed, 16 Dec 2009 15:50:36 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902017&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833067%26dopt%3DAbstract [Claude Bernard and the Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie: the movie of the physiological revolution by him who made it (1849-1878).] J Soc Biol. 2009;203(3):211-8 Authors: Hainaut J Claude Bernard presented most of his fundamental results to the Société de Biologie, including proof of the modulation of the nervous system by the internal micromilieu. However, he did not describe the principle of a stable internal milieu as a condition for free life. Physiology, which is a part of biology, was not founded on cellular biology. Rather, Claude Bernard considered chemistry, anatomy and histology as the necessary auxiliary sciences for physiology. His articles are direct pictures, and not isolated ones, despite possible limitations, from a pre-montage movie... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902017 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902016&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833068%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wise P Claude Bernard created controversy because of his originality of thought, his rejection of dogma and lack of respect for tradition. Some of his controversies resulted in unjustifiable personal and scientific attacks by others which probably affected both his morale and his health. In addition, he was undoubtedly envied for his success and the firmness with which he supported his results and conclusions. The counterattacks which he directed towards others were also not always justified, and sometimes displayed disdain for his adversaries' method and results - without having the strength to admit his own rare errors. None of this detracted from his status as the most eminent of scientists of his era. Claude Bernard a provoqué plusieurs controverses par l'originalit&#... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902016 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902015&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833069%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barbara JG Long lasting polemics about the mechanisms of the action of curare took place at the Société de Biologie over thirty years. After a period during which poisoning protocols were developed on various animal species, where Claude Bernard, Vulpian and their colleagues were involved, German electrophysiology combined its results with new histological data about motor end-plates, elaborating a theory in which young physiologists fought against Claude Bernard's views and finally managed to convince him. According to the new theory proposed by Vulpian, curare blocked transmission between end-plate and muscle. This first draft of the neurotransmission theory helps us to understand the rise of a novel physiology in the context of the school of Claude Bernard with a ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902015 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902014&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833070%26dopt%3DAbstract [Claude Bernard, the experimental method, and the Société de Biologie.] J Soc Biol. 2009;203(3):235-47 Authors: Bange C Claude Bernard was one of the founder of the Société de Biologie created in 1849. He actively took part to it from its very beginning by presenting various communications and several important memoirs. Epistemological thoughts found in these memoirs lead to the methodological chapters introducing the volumes of his edited lessons given at the Collège de France. In 1865, these texts formed the basis to his Introduction à l'étude de la Médecine expérimentale, in which Bernard claims the experimental method should rely on the principle of determinism of the phenomena of Life. He was a dutiful President of the Soci&#xE9... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902014 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902013&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833071%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scatton B This paper reviews the process used in the pharmaceutical industry to discover new innovative drugs originating from medicinal chemistry or biotherapeutics. After a rapid description of the global Research and Development process (preclinical and clinical studies), the different steps involved specifically in the Discovery Research phase (from the initiation of the research program to the proposal of a candidate for development) are analysed in detail. As far as compounds originating from medicinal chemistry are concerned, we discuss the choice of the biological target (molecular or cellular) and its functional validation, the process used for the screening of chemical libraries and the generation of chemical hits, the hit-to-lead process and finally the chemical opt... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902013 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2902012&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19833072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Edeas M Since several decades anti-oxidants have been much studied, and scientists have tried to prove the preventive and curative effects in many chronic diseases. However, it is not uncommon to find highly contradictory clinical results, which may explain that consumers are less enthusiastic for anti-oxidants food supplements. First of all, definitions should be reviewed, such as that of free radicals (FR); all of them are not toxic. Some of them, such as nitric oxide, are necessary for the proper physiological functioning of the body, and eliminating them would be a mistake! However, other reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are not FR, are toxic, such as hydrogen peroxide. We have also redefined the oxidative stress, which it is not only the result of an imbalance between... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2902012 Sat, 17 Oct 2009 18:54:02 +0100 2902012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546982&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527624%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dieterlent F, Jaffredo T PMID: 19527624 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546982 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546979&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527625%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Huber P The endothelium, lining the inner side of all vessel types, is constituted of a monolayer of endothelial cells with cobblestone morphology. Endothelial cell-cell contacts contain numerous transmembrane adhesive proteins that are either clustered in junctional structures or located along the intercellular cleft. These proteins promote cell-cell adhesion and control vascular permeability to fluids and molecules, as well as transmigration of various types of leukocytes. In addition, recent findings showed that constituents of the junctions might be part of the vascular invasion machinery by activating cell protrusions. Such activities may thus be considered as markers of pathological angiogenesis or targets of antiangiogenic therapy. L'endothélium, localisé sur ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546979 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546979 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546976&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527626%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Bras A, Soncin F The endothelium is a tissue with a distinct identity due to the specific expression of molecular markers by endothelial cells. Further, the endothelium displays a structural heterogeneity illustrated by the expression of specific markers in arteries and in veins. Here, we present a review of the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression of the main markers of endothelial cells in man and mouse, demonstrating that there is no common and unique mechanism of specific expression of genes in these cells. L'endothélium forme un tissu qui possède une identité propre due à l'expression spécifique de marqueurs moléculaires par les cellules endothéliales. L'endothélium présente d'autre part une h&... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546976 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546976 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546973&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527627%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mathieu D The formation of blood cells and vascular networks occurs simultaneously during development, and both lineages remain in close association in all adult tissues. The functional setting of both systems within the embryo and their renewal during adult life are highly complex processes, and require the involvement of numerous molecular actors, the activities of which are often overlapping. Here, I review the activity of TAL-1, a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which plays a key role in the formation and functioning of both blood and endothelial systems, with a particular emphasis on recent data that associate TAL-1 with angiogenesis. La formation des cellules sanguines et des structures vasculaires se produit de façon simultanée au cours du dé... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546973 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546973 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546970&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527628%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jaffredo T Intra-aortic haematopoiesis is a transient phenomenon, characterised by the emergence of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) from the ventral aortic endothelium through an endothelial cell (EC) to HSC lineage switch. HSC differentiation is followed by the colonization of definitive haematopoietic organs. Since intra-aortic haematopoiesis is born from EC of the aortic floor, we wondered how vascular integrity was maintained during hematopoietic production. We have used interspecific quail to chick grafts to study the aortic morphogenesis during hematopoiesis. We have demonstrated that: 1) before haematopoiesis, the aortic endothelium, originally entirely from splanchnic origin, was colonized by somitic EC, creating a new roof and sides derived from the somite, whereas the... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546970 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546970 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546967&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527629%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonnet D, Zaffran S, Kelly R, Bajolle F Developmental genetics of congenital heart diseases have evolved from analysis of embryonic hearts towards molecular genetics of cardiac morphogenesis with a dynamic view of cardiac development. Ablation techniques, transgenic animal models and clonal analysis of the developing heart led to identification of different cardiac lineages and their respective roles. The mechanistic approach for great arteries anomalies has led to emerging concepts such as common embryological origin of anatomically different cardiac defects, phenotypic continuum of left heart obstructive defects, or developmental algorithms for cardiac isomerisms. Recent experiments that demonstrated the myocardial rotation of the outflow tract in mouse embryos led to a bett... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546967 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546967 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546964&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527630%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bikfalvi A Angiogenesis is a basic process during development and in pathology as well. The molecular networks involved in angiogenesis are not totally understood. We have recently developed a new model for tumoral angiogenesis in the chicken embryo, which allows large scale studies. On the other hand we have uncovered a new induction pathway, which involves stress of the endoplasmic reticulum. These investigations open up novel prospects for the future. L'angiogenèse est un processus fondamental au cours du développement ainsi qu'en pathologie. Les réseaux moléculaires impliqués dans l'angiogenèse sont incomplètement compris. Nous avons récemment développé un nouveau modèle d'angiogenèse tumorale chez le poulet qui p... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546964 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546964 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546961&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527631%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masri B, van den Berghe L, Sorli C, Knibiehler B, Audigier Y The formation of the vascular system is an early step in organogenesis that involves the participation of various signalling pathways. Integration of the extracellular signals decoded by their cognate membrane receptors orchestrate the cell events, which act at different stages, from the primitive network formed by vasculogenesis to the arborescent network remodeled by angiogenesis. Our laboratory showed the participation of a new signalling pathway in physiological angiogenesis and tumour neovascularisation. This signalling pathway named apelin comprises a G protein-coupled receptor and a peptide ligand. Expression of apelin receptors is observed during the embryonic formation of blood vessels where it is localized ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546961 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546958&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527632%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grépin R, Pagès G VEGF represents a model of gene expression regulation. RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3 Kinase pathways, activated in response to growth factors stimulation or by oncogenes, contribute to its expression by activating transcription factors or inactivating proteins implicated in degradation of its mRNA. These factors (Sp1/Sp3, HIF-1 and TTP) constitute molecular markers of tumor aggressiveness. VEGF is overexpressed in solid or hematologic tumors. Thus, numerous compounds regulating angiogenesis by targeting VEGF have been developed. However, their effects are not as spectacular as expected. The existence of anti-angiogenic isoforms of VEGF could be a cause of their less potent activity. These different points are discussed in this review article. Le VEGF cons... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546958 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546955&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527633%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pocard M The surgeon must know the importance of angiogenesis in wound healing. He must also use anti-angiogenics to change the clinical situations and make curative a potentially ineffective surgery. However, these strategies require daily biological indicators able to quantify the tissue activity, that we do not possess yet, nor have we any indicator to predict tumour sensitivity to anti-angiogenics. Le chirurgien doit connaître l'importance de l'angiogenèse dans la cicatrisation. Il doit aussi savoir utiliser les anti-angiogéniques pour modifier les situations cliniques et rendre curative une chirurgie potentiellement inefficace. Toutefois, ces nouvelles stratégies nécessitent au quotidien des indicateurs biologiques capables de quantifier les activ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546955 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546955 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546952&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527634%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Smadja DM, Gaussem P Injection of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) expanded ex vivo has been shown to increase neovascularization in preclinical models of ischemia and in adult patients, but the precise origin and identity of the cell population responsible for these clinical benefits are controversial. Given the potential usefulness of EPC as a cell therapy product, their thorough characterization is of major importance. This review describes the two cell populations currently called EPC and the means to find differential phenotypic markers. We have shown that BMP2/4 are specific markers of late EPC and play a key role in EPC commitment and outgrowth during neovascularization. Several authors have attempted to expand EPC ex vivo in order to obtain a homogeneous cell therapy... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546952 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546952 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2546949&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19527635%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Steding G, Karger B PMID: 19527635 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2546949 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 04:02:03 +0100 2546949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324078&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358805%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dieterlen F PMID: 19358805 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324078 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324075&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358806%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Orsal D PMID: 19358806 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324075 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324073&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358807%26dopt%3DAbstract [André Calas, the original path of a neuroendocrinologist.] J Soc Biol. 2009;203(1):7-18 Authors: Tixier-Vidal A This talk, given as an introduction to a symposium organised to honor André Calas, calls forth his personality, recalls the major events in his carreer and summarizes the evolution of his research. Ce texte, prononcé en introduction à une journée organisée en l'honneur d'André Calas, évoque sa personnalité et retrace les grandes étapes de sa carrière ainsi que l'évolution de ses recherches. PMID: 19358807 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324073 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324071&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358808%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tillet Y, Picard S, Franceschini I Reproduction in mammals is directly controlled by GnRH neurons. These neurons are regulated by many external and internal factors, among which sexual steroids, in particular oestradiol, play an important part. However the mechanisms through which these steroids regulate GnRH secretion are largely unappreciated, and the neurochemical identity of central neurons liable to transmit the steroidal information to GnRH neurons is not completely clarified. Many functional neuroanatomy studies have been carried out on the ovine model, which is particularly favorable to understand the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling reproduction. These studies have brought about the identification of some of the potential actors in this regulation. The present re... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324071 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324069&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358809%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kah O, Pellegrini E, Mouriec K, Diotel N, Anglade I, Vaillant C, Thieulant ML, Tong SK, Brion F, Chung BC, Pakdel F In contrast to other vertebrates, in which the adult brain shows limited adult neurogenesis, teleost fish exhibit an unparalleled capacity to generate new neurons as adults, suggesting that their brains present a highly permissive environment for the maintenance and proliferation of adult progenitors. Here, we examine the hypothesis that one of the factors permitting establishment of this favourable environment is estradiol. Indeed, recent data showed that radial glial cells strongly expressed one of two aromatase duplicated genes. Aromatase is the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme and this observation is of great interest, given that radial glial cells are progenitor... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324069 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324067&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358810%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Alonso G In adult mammals, the CNS vasculature remains essentially quiescent, excepted for specific pathologies. In the seventies, it was reported that proliferation of astrocytes and endothelial cells occurs within the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei when strong metabolic activation of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons was induced by prolonged hyperosmotic stimulation. Using more appropriate techniques, we first demonstrated that in these nuclei, the proliferative response to osmotic stimulus is essentially associated with local angiogenesis. We then showed that hypothalamic magnocellular neurons express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, that plays a major rôle in the angiogenesis induced by osmotic stimuli. We then dem... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324067 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324065&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358811%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bosler O, Girardet C, Sage-Ciocca D, Jacomy H, François-Bellan AM, Becquet D The mammalian circadian clock, whose central component is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), orchestrates rhythmic events in metabolism, physiology and behavior. Adaptation of the organism to its environment requires precise adjustment of the clock to the 24 h astronomical time, primarily by the light/dark cycle. Photic synchronization acts on both the molecular loops which trigger circadian oscillations and the phasing of the multiple SCN cellular oscillators whose coordination permits elaboration of the rhythmic message that will be distributed throughout the organism. It is concomitant with structural plastic events characterized by day/night rearrangements of th... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324065 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324065 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324062&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358812%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Trembleau A The vertebrate neuron axon has long been considered as devoid of the protein synthesis machinery. During the early nineties however, the cytochemical visualization of identified mRNAs within certain rodent neuron axons challenged this dogma of cellular neurobiology. The aim of this paper is to illustrate, taking mainly the mouse olfactory system as an example, conceptual and methodological approaches developed in particular in my group, that aim at identifying the function of these axonal mRNAs. L'axone des neurones de vertébrés a longtemps été considéré comme étant dépourvu de la machinerie de biosynthèse des protéines. Au début des années 1990 cependant, la visualisation cytochimique d'ARNm dans certains... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324062 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324060&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358813%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ugrumov MV In contrast to monoaminergic (MA-ergic) neurons possessing the whole set of the enzymes for MA synthesis from the precursor amino-acid, some, mostly peptidergic, neurons co-express only one of the enzymes of monoamine synthesis. They are widely distributed in the brain, being particularly numerous in ontogenesis and, in adulthood, under certain physiological conditions. Most monoenzymatic neurons possess one of the enzymes for dopamine (DA) synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). TH and AADC are enzymatically active in a substantial number of monoenzymatic neurons, where they are capable of converting L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and L-DOPA to dopamine (DA) (or 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, 5-HTP to seroton... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324060 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324058&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358814%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Landry M, Nagy F The GABA(B) receptors belong to the family of class C metabotropic receptors. They are inhibitory receptors forming obligatory heterodimers. Their analgesic role in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is well established since more than 25 years ago. However, Baclofen, the reference agonist of the GABA(B) receptor, proved to have little efficiency in clinics in neuropathic patients. It seems therefore useful to decipher GABA(B) functions in the nociceptive circuitry, and their regulation in conditions of chronic pain. In the present review, we will focus first on the distribution of the GABA(B) subtypes. Then, we will consider their pre- and post-synaptic functions in the dorsal horn of naïve rats. Finally, we will document the mechanisms that may lead to ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324058 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324058 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324056&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358815%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Beltramo M The various components of the endocannabinoid system were discovered in the last twenty years. The cannabinoid system has attracted pharmacologists interest for its potential as therapeutic targets for several diseases ranging from obesity to Parkinson's disease and from multiple sclerosis to pain. Research initially focused on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), but, due to psychotropic side effects related to its activation, the attempts to develop an agonist drug for this receptor has been so far unsuccessful. Recently the possibility to target CB2 has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of pain. The main advantage of targeting CB2 resides in the possibility to elicit the analgesic effect without the psychotropic side effects. Evidence of the analgesic effect o... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324056 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324056 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324054&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358816%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Onténiente B There is considerable evidence that the human brain maintains the ability to reorganize itself throughout life, an ability known as neuroplasticity. Initially demonstrated in physiological situations, neuroplasticity includes, and relies on, a number of adaptive mechanisms that include not only phenotypic modifications of neurons or synaptic reorganisation but also major modifications of brain circuitry after insults. Recently, the presence of neurogenic zones in the adult brain has unveiled a new aspect of brain plasticity that, together with emerging stem cell therapy, opens the possibility to take advantage of these natural reminders of the developmental period to repair lesioned tissues, a concept known as "therapeutic plasticity". La neuroplasticité... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324054 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324054 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324049&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19358817%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Calas A Closing this symposium, André Calas remembers his teachers, his past and present collaborators, his students, his teaching and research itineraries and enlarges on the problems of public policy concerning these areas in France. En conclusion de cette journée, André Calas évoque ses maîtres, ses collaborateurs passés et présents, ses élèves, son itinéraire d'enseignement et de recherche et élargit sa réflexion aux problèmes de politique publique dans ces domaines en France. PMID: 19358817 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324049 Sat, 11 Apr 2009 17:48:57 +0100 2324049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054018&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094923%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chapurlat R Osteoporosis leads to fragility fractures. Fracture incidence increases after the menopause among women and with age in both genders. More than 40 % of women will sustain at least one fragility fracture after the age of 50. Many risk factors have been described, including age, familial history of fracture, low bone mineral density, personal history of fracture, smoking and low body mass index. Fracture incidence is increasing worldwide, owing to population aging. Hip and vertebral fractures are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Costs related to fragility fractures represent a significant burden for health care systems. L'ostéoporose est à l'origine de fractures par fragilité osseuse. L'incidence des fractures s'élève apr&#x... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054018 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054017&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094924%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Thomas T, Martin A Bone tissue undergoes permanent remodeling based on the coupled activity of osteoclasts resorbing old bone and osteoblasts forming a new matrix. The latter are considered as the main target of remodeling control pathways. Indeed, they have the full control of osteoclastogenesis through RANK-L / osteoprotegerin, the most critical pathway in the balance between bone formation and resorption. They also are under the effects of numerous transcription factors, especially members of the AP1 complex as well as the canonic Wnt - betacatenin pathway. Most bone tissue pathologies are mediated by alterations of these remodeling control pathways. Therefore, lots of efforts are made to modulate these factors which are very interesting potential therapeutic targets. L'os ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054017 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054016&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094925%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rachidi M, Breban S, Benhamou CL Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that leads to increased fracture risk. It was defined by the World Health Organisation as a decrease of bone mass and a deterioration of bone quality. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. However, BMD assessment is not the only factor that influences bone strength. The main objective is that clinicians can use a combination of risk factors that are easily assessable, for a better prediction of osteoporosis risk fracture. Bone strength reflects both bone density and bone quality. One of the most important determinants of bone quality is the trabecular bone micro-architecture as suggested by the definiti... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054016 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054015&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094926%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Souberbielle JC, Cormier C Although biological testing has nothing to do with the diagnosis of osteoporosis, it can help the physician to: 1) identify secondary causes of low bone mass and/or fracture. There is however currently no consensus to define the biochemical parameters to be measured in this case. The cost-effectiveness of the biological evaluation, that is, measuring a minimum of parameters to detect a maximum of anomalies needs to be considered. Most experts agree that malignancy and especially a myeloma should be ruled out, and that an evaluation of calcium/phosphorus metabolism including the measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, PTH and 25 hydroxy-vitamin D should be performed. This allows to detect many anomalies including two very frequent conditions, primary... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054015 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054014&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094927%26dopt%3DAbstract This study provides the basis for several therapy approaches (gene delivery, design of glycomimetics able to initiate GAG synthesis) to promote cartilage repair. L'arthrose, la maladie la plus fréquente du système musculo-squelettique, est la conséquence de processus mécaniques et biologiques qui rompent l'homéostasie du cartilage, de la synoviale et de l'os sous-chondral. Dans le but de développer de nouvelles thérapeutiques efficaces, visant à restaurer la matrice cartilagineuse, nous caractérisons les mécanismes moléculaires et les protéines-clés responsables de l'initiation de la maladie. Un des évènements les plus précoces est la dégradation de l'agrécane qui est le protéoglycane matriciel l... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054014 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054014 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054013&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094928%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Jouzeau JY, Moulin D, Koufany M, Sebillaud S, Bianchi A, Netter P Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR) are ligand-inducible nuclear transacting factors comprising three subtypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma, which play a key role in lipids and glucose homeostasis. All PPAR subtypes have been identified in joint or inflammatory cells and their activation resulted in a transcriptional repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha), early inflammatory genes (NOS(2), COX-2, mPGES-1) or matrix metalloproteases (MMP-1, MMP-13), at least for the gamma subtype. PPAR full agonists were also shown to stimulate IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) production by cytokine-stimulated articular cells in a subtype-dependent manner. These anti-inflammatory an... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054013 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054013 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2054012&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D19094929%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Corvol MT, Tahiri K, Montembault A, Daumard A, Savouret JF, Rannou F The destruction of articular cartilage represents the outcome of most inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic diseases and leads to severe disability. Articular cartilage being unable to repair spontaneously, alterations of the joint surface often results in end-stage osteoarthritis, requiring surgical intervention and total joint replacement. This makes damaged tissues repair a major challenge in our aging society. Cartilage harbors only one cell type, the chondrocyte, which synthesizes and secretes specific matrix proteins such as type II collagen and high molecular weight proteoglycans. Matrix proteins are responsible for the conservation of the chondrocyte phenotype and the maintenance of the mechanical f... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2054012 Sat, 20 Dec 2008 15:49:48 +0100 2054012 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934732&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980738%26dopt%3DAbstract This article introduces the current biofuel production technologies (so-called ;first generation'), whose common marker is the reliance on the storage organs of agricultural plants. This implies a relatively strong demand in arable areas, along with only moderately positive energy and environmental advantages compared to fossil fuels. 'Second generation' biofuels, which are based on generic biomass (ligno-cellulose) are expected to overcome these limitations, but will not be deployed on the market for another ten years. Inscrits à la marge dans le paysage agricole européen depuis une quinzaine d'années, les biocarburants sont récemment venus sur le devant de la scène sous l'effet de trois leviers: la raréfaction des ressources pétrolières et des imp&... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934732 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934731&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980739%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dupont C, Chataing T, Rougé S In the present energy context, there is a growing interest for the fuel production from biomass. While the first generation of biofuels has shown its limits, a second generation appears that is based on the valorisation of the unused resources of lignocellulosic biomass. This could significantly increase the biofuels potential in France. Up to 40 % of the total needs of transport fuel could be covered. Among the processes under development, the Biomass to Liquid (BtL) process seems as an interesting route, able to be shortly implemented at an industrial scale. This process consists in producing liquid fuel (such as Diesel Fischer-Trospch) through a synthetic gas obtained by biomass gasification However R&D work is still needed to solve th... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934731 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934730&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980740%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aceves-Lara CA, Trably E, Bastidas-Oyenadel JR, Ramirez I, Latrille E, Steyer JP This new century addresses several environmental challenges among which distribution of drinking water, global warming and availability of novel renewable energy sources to substitute for fossil fuels are of utmost importance. The last two concerns are closely related because the major part of carbon dioxide (CO(2)), considered as the main cause of the greenhouse effect, is widely produced from fossil fuel combustion. Renewable energy sources fully balanced in CO(2) are therefore of special interest, especially the issue of biological production from organic wastes. Among the possibilities of bioenergy production from wastes, two approaches are particularly interesting: The first one is relatively... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934730 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934729&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980741%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Ferreira NL Plants, which are one of major groups of life forms, are constituted of an amazing number of molecules such as sugars, proteins, phenolic compounds etc. These molecules display multiple and complementary properties involved in various compartments of plants (structure, storage, biological activity etc.). The first uses of plants in industry were for food and feed, paper manufacturing or combustion. In the coming decades, these renewable biological materials will be the basis of a new concept: the "biorefiner" i.e. the chemical conversion of the whole plant to various products and uses. This concept, born in the 90ies, is analogous to today's petroleum refinery, which produces multiple fuels and derivative products from petroleum. Agriculture generates lots of co-pr... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934729 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934728&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980742%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cadoret JP, Bernard O Microalgae can accumulate fatty acids up to 80% of their dry weight (Chisti 2007). As a consequence the yield per hectare could be higher by a factor of 30 compared to terrestrial oleaginous species. Biodiversity of microalgae is enormous. It is estimated that there are between 200 000 and several million species. Such diversity is an unexplored potential for research and industry. In comparison to terrestrial oleaginous species, microalgae have many characteristics addressing environmental problems with a drastically enhanced oil production. Microalgae are currently generating mediatic enthusiasm, and many start-ups are investing this niche. Nevertheless there are still locks to undo via upstream search, before the expected returns and costs are met and ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934728 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934727&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Buitink J, Leprince O Desiccation tolerance is the capacity to survive complete drying. It is an ancient trait that can be found in prokaryotes, fungi, primitive animals (often at the larval stages), whole plants, pollens and seeds. In the dry state, metabolism is suspended and the duration that anhydrobiotes can survive ranges from years to centuries. Whereas genes induced by drought stress have been successfully enumerated in tissues that are sensitive to cellular desiccation, we have little knowledge as to the adaptive role of these genes in establishing desiccation tolerance at the cellular level. This paper reviews postgenomic approaches in a variety of desiccation tolerant organisms in which the genetic responses have been investigated when they acquire the capacity of t... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934727 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934726&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Catusse J, Strub JM, Job C, Van Dorsselaer A, Job D We have used proteomics to better characterize germination and early seedling vigor in sugarbeet. Our strategy includes (1) construction of proteome reference maps for dry and germinating seeds of a high-vigor reference seed lot; (2) investigation of the specific tissue accumulation of proteins (root, cotyledon, perisperm); (3) investigation of changes in protein expression profiles detected in the reference seed lot subjected to different vigor-modifying treatments, e.g. aging and/or priming. More than 1 000 sugarbeet seed proteins have been identified by LC/MS-MS mass spectrometry (albumins, globulins and glutelins have been analyzed separately). Due to the conservation of protein sequences and the quality of MS sequencing ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934726 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934725&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980745%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grappin P, Bourdais G, Collet B, Godin B, Job D, Ogé L, Jullien M, Rajjou L Aging and death are universal to living systems. In temperate climate latitudes the mature seeds of higher plants are exposed to aging and have developed resistance mechanisms allowing survival and plant propagation. In addition to the physicochemical properties of the seed that confer stress resistance, the protein metabolism contributes importantly to longevity mechanisms. Recently, genetic studies have demonstrated the occurrence of the Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase repair enzyme in controlling age-related protein damages and seed survival. These protective mechanisms by protein repair are widespread in all kingdoms, so that the use of seeds as models to study these controlling proces... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934725 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934724&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bailly C, El Maarouf Bouteau H, Corbineau F Recent advances in plant physiology signaling pathways have led to consider reactive oxygen species (ROS) as being key actors in the regulation of germination and dormancy. ROS accumulation during seed dry storage or during their imbibition would trigger cellular events controlling the realization of germination. We show that ROS accumulation triggers specific carbonylation of proteins thus modifying the occurrence of enzyme-mediated reactions during germination or facilitating reserve protein degradation through the proteasome. This suggests that dormancy is in part controlled by protein oxidation. ROS can also act as a positive signal in seed dormancy release through their effect on other mechanisms such as the control of the cellu... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934724 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1934723&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18980747%26dopt%3DAbstract J Soc Biol. 2008;202(3):249 Authors: Dreux C Roger Boulu, membre du Conseil d'Administration de la Société de Biologie, nous a brusquement quitté le 29 janvier 2008.J'ai connu Roger Boulu alors qu'il venait d'être reçu au concours de l'internat en pharmacie des hôpitaux de Paris en 1953. Ayant choisi comme lui le service de biochimie de l'hôpital Lariboisière dirigé par le Professeur M. L. GIRARD, j'ai pu apprécier les qualités naissantes de ce jeune collègue. Il devait ensuite, après la Médaille d'or de l'internat, gravir les échelons de la biologie hospitalière pour devenir enfin biologiste des hôpitaux - praticien hospitalier à l'Hôpital Necker. Parallèlement, il commençait u... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1934723 Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:03:32 +0100 1934723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1902780&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joly D PMID: 18547506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1902780 Fri, 24 Oct 2008 15:30:57 +0100 1902780 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665183&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Havis E, Bilesimo P, Demeneix BA, Sachs LM Amphibian metamorphosis is an excellent model to study the diverse effects of thyroid hormones (TH). TH modulate target gene expression via thyroid hormone receptors (TR). Generally, unliganded TR repress transcription, whereas liganded TR activate transcription. During metamorphosis, these dual effects of TR are evident. Moreover, we show that gene specific response to TH can underline the multiple effects of TH. Finally, studies of unliganded-thyroid hormone receptor function reveal a physiological role in eye development. PMID: 18547503 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665183 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665182&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wrutniak-Cabello C, Carazo A, Casas F, Cabello G Thyroid hormone exerts a diversity of physiological influences over developmental and metabolic processes. Searching for receptors able to mediate this extended regulation led to the identification of triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear receptors encoded by two different genes, c-erbA alpha (TR alpha) and c-erbA beta (TR beta). More recently, two N-terminally truncated forms of the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor TR alpha 1, with molecular weights of 43 and 28 kDa, have been discovered in mitochondria. Synthesized through the use of internal initiation sites of translation occurring in the TR alpha 1 transcript, they are addressed into mitochondria according to an atypical process. Two mitochondrial import sequences have been charac... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665182 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665182 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665181&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bigard AX, Koulmann N, Bahi L, Sanchez H, Ventura-Clapier R Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to control development, body and muscle growth, as well as to determine muscle phenotype in the adult. TH affect muscle properties through nuclear receptors; they act either by a positive or a negative control on target genes that encode proteins accounting for contractile or metabolic phenotypes. Contractile activity and muscle load also affect muscle phenotype; several intracellular signaling pathways are involved in the transduction of signals related to contractile activity, including the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Calcineurin activity is negatively controlled by MCIP-1 protein (modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein-1). We recently performed an experiment aimed at examining the ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665181 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665181 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665180&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547507%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joly D, Luck N, Dejonghe B Unlike mammals, where the males produce huge quantities of tiny spermatozoa, insects, and Drosophila in particular, exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies. Sperm gigantism in Drosophila deviates from the rules that normally govern anisogamy, i.e. differences in the size and quantity of male and female gametes. Sperm gigantism has driven anatomical, physiological and cytological adaptations that affect the correlated evolution of the male and female reproductive systems, and has led to the evolution of a new structure, the roller, located between the testis and the seminal vesicle, and to sperm coiling to form pellets. The diversification of sperm strategy is investigated in the light of sexual selection processes that occur in the female gen... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665180 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665180 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665179&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547508%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, drosophilid species, during their evolution, were able to adapt to very different climates and the thermal sterility thresholds have changed, following these adaptations. But we still lack an evolutionary hypothesis for explaining why sterile males are, in all cases, produced at extreme, low or high temperatures. PMID: 18547508 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665179 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665179 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665178&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Serres C, Auer J, Petit F, Patrat C, Jouannet P Fertilization in mammals requires an initial interaction of sperm with the oocyte envelope, the zona pellucida (ZP), before it reaches the oocyte. ZP is a highly glycosylated structure, composed of three (mouse) or four (rabbit, boar, bovine, humans...) glycoproteins. The presence of ZP around the oocyte does not allow heterospecific fertilization. This barrier is principally due to the presence of species-specific glycosylations on ZP proteins. Sperm bind ZP by means of membrane receptors which recognize carbohydrate moieties on ZP glycoproteins according to a well-precised sequential process. Upon initial attachment, spermatozoa bind ZP3/ZP4 which induces the sperm acrosome exocytosis followed by a secondary binding of acrosome... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665178 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665178 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665177&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547510%26dopt%3DAbstract This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms implied in human acrosome formation. PMID: 18547510 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665177 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1665176&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Roux N, Amar M, Fossier P Synaptic plasticity is the cellular mechanism underlying the phenomena of learning and memory. Much of the research on synaptic plasticity is based on the postulate of Hebb (1949) who proposed that, when a neuron repeatedly takes part in the activation of another neuron, the efficacy of the connections between these neurons is increased. Plasticity has been extensively studied, and often demonstrated through the processes of LTP (Long Term Potentiation) and LTD (Long Term Depression), which represent an increase and a decrease of the efficacy of long-term synaptic transmission. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the cellular mechanisms of LTP and LTD, whether at the level of excitatory synapses, which have been the most studied, or... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1665176 Wed, 30 Jul 2008 14:58:00 +0100 1665176 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564810&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bernard BA The homeostasis of continuously renewing human epidermis relies on the presence of adult stem cells, residing in the basal layer. Epidermal stem cells have been enriched and functionally characterized, but the exact location remained elusive. The human hair follicle and its pigmentation unit also cyclically regenerate from stem cells. Contrary to epidermal stem cells, human hair follicle stem cells have been localized, enriched, functionally and biochemically characterized. Their specific gene expression pattern has been established. The melanocyte stem population has also been localized and characterized. Finally, the hair follicle was found to harbor a number of other multipotent cells, which designates this unique organ as an alternative source of stem cells for ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564810 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564810 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564809&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asselineau D, Pageon H, Mine S Skin is an organ whose function is far beyond a physical barrier between the inside and the outside of the body. Skin as the whole organism is subjected to ageing which concerns skin mostly in its dermal and deepest component which is also its matricial component. The dermis is a tissue rich in matricial elements and poor in cellular content and it is generally admitted that modifications occurring in the matrix are those which mostly contribute to skin ageing, by altering its biomechanical properties. Therefore it is common to address questions related to skin ageing by considering alterations in matrix molecules like collagen. Actually the dermis is a complex tissue both matricial and cellular and is divided between a superficial dermis close t... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564809 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564809 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564808&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aberdam E, Aberdam D Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells able to differentiate into many cell types in vitro, thus providing a potential unlimited supply of cells for cognitive in vitro studies and cell-based therapy. We recently reported their efficient ability to recapitulate ectodermal and epidermal fates and form, in culture, a multilayered epidermis coupled with an underlying dermal compartment, similar to native skin. Thus, ES cells have the potential to recapitulate the reciprocal instructive ectodermal-mesodermal commitments, characteristic of embryonic skin formation. We clarified the function of BMP-4 in the binary neuroectodermal choice by stimulating sox-1+ neural precursors to undergo specific apoptosis while inducing epidermal differentiation. We furt... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564808 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564808 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564807&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aubin-Houzelstein G, Djian-Zaouche J, Panthier JJ Melanocyte stem cells have been recently localized in mice, in the outer root sheath of the lower permanent portion of the hair follicle. Specific depletion of melanocyte stem cell population is responsible for natural hair greying in aging mice and humans. Melanocyte stem cells also seem to drive the growth of malignant melanomas. A few mutations, either spontaneous or genetically engineered, accelerate the natural process of hair greying with age. These mutations allowed the identification of genes and signalling pathways controlling emergence, maintenance and/or differentiation of melanocyte stem cells. This review summarizes recent studies on the melanocyte stem cells and defines a few major unanswered questions in the fiel... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564807 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564807 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564806&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warrick E, Bergoglio V, Bernerd F, Magnaldo T Ex vivo cutaneous gene therapy is an alternative treatment for recessively inherited diseases with cutaneous traits. It relies on the transfer in cultured epidermal keratinocytes of the wild-type allele of the gene whose mutation is responsible for the disease. As for severely burnt patients, epithelial sheets developed from genetically corrected cells may then be grafted back to the patients. Long term correction and graft take depend on the genetic correction of stem cells. Success of such an approach has recently been reported in the case of one patient suffering from a severe case of junctional epidermolysis bullosae. Here we report a method for safely selecting keratinocytes populations after genetic manipulation. The method i... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564806 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564806 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564805&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deshayes N, Rathman-Josserand M The use of epidermal stem cells and their progeny for tissue engineering and cell therapy represents a source of hope and major interest in view of applications such as replacing the loss of functionality in failing tissues or obtaining physiologic skin equivalents for skin grafting. The use of such cells necessitates the isolation and purification of rare populations of keratinocytes and then increasing their numbers by mass culture. This is not currently possible since part of the specific phenotype of these cells is lost once the cells are placed in culture. Furthermore, few techniques are available to unequivocally detect the presence of skin stem cells and/or their progeny in culture and thus quantify them. Two different sources of stem cel... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564805 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564805 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1564804&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fortunel NO, Martin MT Stem cells from different tissue origins share common characteristics, including selfrenewal capacity and tissue regeneration potential. Finding criteria to identify particular stem cell types, and understanding signaling pathways responsible for stemness, represent major research areas that will lead to a better characterization of the normal state of stem cells, thus improving our capability to use them for regenerative therapies. We will review here different approaches and experimental models liable to increase our knowledge of stem cells from human interfollicular epidermis. One of them, based on transcriptional profiling performed at the level of the global genome, consisted in searching universal molecular markers of stem cells. In other approache... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1564804 Thu, 03 Jul 2008 11:39:25 +0100 1564804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548095&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460303%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bernard BA The homeostasis of continuously renewing human epidermis relies on the presence of adult stem cells, residing in the basal layer. Epidermal stem cells have been enriched and functionally characterized, but the exact location remained elusive. The human hair follicle and its pigmentation unit also cyclically regenerate from stem cells. Contrary to epidermal stem cells, human hair follicle stem cells have been localized, enriched, functionally and biochemically characterized. Their specific gene expression pattern has been established. The melanocyte stem population has also been localized and characterized. Finally, the hair follicle was found to harbor a number of other multipotent cells, which designates this unique organ as an alternative source of stem cells for ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548095 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548094&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460304%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Asselineau D, Pageon H, Mine S Skin is an organ whose function is far beyond a physical barrier between the inside and the outside of the body. Skin as the whole organism is subjected to ageing which concerns skin mostly in its dermal and deepest component which is also its matricial component. The dermis is a tissue rich in matricial elements and poor in cellular content and it is generally admitted that modifications occurring in the matrix are those which mostly contribute to skin ageing, by altering its biomechanical properties. Therefore it is common to address questions related to skin ageing by considering alterations in matrix molecules like collagen. Actually the dermis is a complex tissue both matricial and cellular and is divided between a superficial dermis close t... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548094 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548093&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460305%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aberdam E, Aberdam D Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells able to differentiate into many cell types in vitro, thus providing a potential unlimited supply of cells for cognitive in vitro studies and cell-based therapy. We recently reported their efficient ability to recapitulate ectodermal and epidermal fates and form, in culture, a multilayered epidermis coupled with an underlying dermal compartment, similar to native skin. Thus, ES cells have the potential to recapitulate the reciprocal instructive ectodermal-mesodermal commitments, characteristic of embryonic skin formation. We clarified the function of BMP-4 in the binary neuroectodermal choice by stimulating sox-1(+) neural precursors to undergo specific apoptosis while inducing epidermal differentiation. We fu... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548093 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548092&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460306%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Aubin-Houzelstein G, Djian-Zaouche J, Panthier JJ Melanocyte stem cells have been recently localized in mice, in the outer root sheath of the lower permanent portion of the hair follicle. Specific depletion of melanocyte stem cell population is responsible for natural hair greying in aging mice and humans. Melanocyte stem cells also seem to drive the growth of malignant melanomas. A few mutations, either spontaneous or genetically engineered, accelerate the natural process of hair greying with age. These mutations allowed the identification of genes and signalling pathways controlling emergence, maintenance and/or differentiation of melanocyte stem cells. This review summarizes recent studies on the melanocyte stem cells and defines a few major unanswered questions in the fiel... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548092 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548091&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460307%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Warrick E, Bergoglio V, Bernerd F, Magnaldo T Ex vivo cutaneous gene therapy is an alternative treatment for recessively inherited diseases with cutaneous traits. It relies on the transfer in cultured epidermal keratinocytes of the wild-type allele of the gene whose mutation is responsible for the disease. As for severely burnt patients, epithelial sheets developped from genetically corrected cells may then be grafted back to the patients. Long term correction and graft take depend on the genetic correction of stem cells. Success of such an approach has recently been reported in the case of one patient suffering from a severe case of junctional epidermolysis bullosae. Here we report a method for safely selecting keratinocytes populations after genetic manipulation. The method ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548091 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548090&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460308%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Deshayes N, Rathman-Josserand M The use of epidermal stem cells and their progeny for tissue engineering and cell therapy represents a source of hope and major interest in view of applications such as replacing the loss of functionality in failing tissues or obtaining physiologic skin equivalents for skin grafting. The use of such cells necessitates the isolation and purification of rare populations of keratinocytes and then increasing their numbers by mass culture. This is not currently possible since part of the specific phenotype of these cells is lost once the cells are placed in culture. Furthermore, few techniques are available to unequivocally detect the presence of skin stem cells and/or their progeny in culture and thus quantify them. Two different sources of stem cel... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548090 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548089&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18460309%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Fortunel NO, Martin MT Stem cells from different tissue origins share common characteristics, including selfrenewal capacity and tissue regeneration potential. Finding criteria to identify particular stem cell types, and understanding signaling pathways responsible for stemness, represent major research areas that will lead to a better characterization of the normal state of stem cells, thus improving our capability to use them for regenerative therapies. We will review here different approaches and experimental models liable to increase our knowledge of stem cells from human interfollicular epidermis. One of them, based on transcriptional profiling performed at the level of the global genome, consisted in searching universal molecular markers of stem cells. In other approache... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548089 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548078&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547502%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Flamant F, Quignodon L In vertebrates, the active form of thyroid hormone (T3) acts directly on transcription by changing the conformation of the TR nuclear receptors (TRalpha1, TRbeta1 et TRbeta2) which are encoded by the THRA and THRB genes. These receptors are bound to DNA at specific response elements in a ligand independent manner. Mouse genetics have clarified the respective function of each receptor isoform, mainly reflecting THRA and THRB expression patterns. It also revealed the importance of negative regulation by unliganded receptors not only in pathological but also in physiological situations. Chez les vertébrés, la forme active de l'hormone thyroïdienne (T3) agit directement sur la transcription en modifiant la conformation des récepteurs nucl... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548078 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548077&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547503%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Havis E, Bilesimo P, Demeneix BA, Sachs LM Amphibian metamorphosis is an excellent model to study the diverse effects of thyroid hormones (TH). TH modulate target gene expression via thyroid hormone receptors (TR). Generally, unliganded TR repress transcription, whereas liganded TR activate transcription. During metamorphosis, these dual effects of TR are evident. Moreover, we show that gene specific response to TH can underline the multiple effects of TH. Finally, studies of unliganded-thyroid hormone receptor function reveal a physiological role in eye development. La métamorphose des amphibiens est un excellent modèle pour étudier les multiples effets des hormones thyroïdiennes (HT). Les HT agissent via les récepteurs aux hormones thyroïdiennes... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548077 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548077 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548076&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547504%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Wrutniak-Cabello C, Carazo A, Casas F, Cabello G Thyroid hormone exerts a diversity of physiological influences over developmental and metabolic processes. Searching for receptors able to mediate this extended regulation led to the identification of triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear receptors encoded by two different genes, c-erbAalpha (TRalpha) and c-erbAbeta (TRbeta). More recently, two N-terminally truncated forms of the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor TRalpha1, with molecular weights of 43 and 28 kDa, have been discovered in mitochondria. Synthesized through the use of internal initiation sites of translation occurring in the TRalpha1 transcript, they are addressed into mitochondria according to an atypical process. Two mitochondrial import sequences have been characterized ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548076 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548076 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548075&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547505%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bigard AX, Koulmann N, Bahi L, Sanchez H, Ventura-Clapier R Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to control development, body and muscle growth, as well as to determine muscle phenotype in the adult. TH affect muscle properties through nuclear receptors; they act either by a positive or a negative control on target genes that encode proteins accounting for contractile or metabolic phenotypes. Contractile activity and muscle load also affect muscle phenotype; several intracellular signaling pathways are involved in the transduction of signals related to contractile activity, including the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Calcineurin activity is negatively controlled by MCIP-1 protein (modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein-1). We recently performed an experiment aimed at examining the ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548075 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548075 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548074&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547506%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joly D PMID: 18547506 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548074 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548074 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548073&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547507%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Joly D, Luck N, Dejonghe B Unlike mammals, where the males produce huge quantities of tiny spermatozoa, insects, and Drosophila in particular, exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies. Sperm gigantism in Drosophila deviates from the rules that normally govern anisogamy, i.e. differences in the size and quantity of male and female gametes. Sperm gigantism has driven anatomical, physiological and cytological adaptations that affect the correlated evolution of the male and female reproductive systems, and has led to the evolution of a new structure, the roller, located between the testis and the seminal vesicle, and to sperm coiling to form pellets. The diversification of sperm strategy is investigated in the light of sexual selection processes that occur in the female gen... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548073 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548073 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548072&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547508%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, drosophilid species, during their evolution, were able to adapt to very different climates and the thermal sterility thresholds have changed, following these adaptations. But we still lack an evolutionary hypothesis for explaining why sterile males are, in all cases, produced at extreme, low or high temperatures. Le fait que la spermatogenèse des Mammifères n'est possible qu'à une température inférieure à celle du corps est un phénomène bien connu mais qui ne suscite guère d'intérêt. Chez les Ectothermes, par exemple les Insectes,la stérilité/fertilité des mâles en fonction des conditions de l'environnement reste aussi une thématique négligée. Chez Drosophila melanogaster, la stéri... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548072 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548072 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548071&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547509%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Serres C, Auer J, Petit F, Patrat C, Jouannet P Fertilization in mammals requires an initial interaction of sperm with the oocyte envelope, the zona pellucida (ZP), before it reaches the oocyte. ZP is a highly glycosylated structure, composed of three (mouse) or four (rabbit, boar, bovine, humans...) glycoproteins. The presence of ZP around the oocyte does not allow heterospecific fertilization. This barrier is principally due to the presence of species-specific glycosylations on ZP proteins. Sperm bind ZP by means of membrane receptors which recognize carbohydrate moieties on ZP glycoproteins according to a well-precised sequential process. Upon initial attachment, spermatozoa bind ZP3/ZP4 which induces the sperm acrosome exocytosis followed by a secondary binding of acrosome... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548071 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548071 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548070&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547510%26dopt%3DAbstract This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms implied in human acrosome formation. L'acrosome spermatique est connu pour son rôle dans la fécondation dans la grande majorité des espèces animales étudiées. On peut estimer l'apparition de l'acrosome, contemporaine de l'avènement d'une fécondation hors du milieu aquatique. La composition chimique de l'acrosome ainsi que son mode d'excrétion pourraient le faire considérer comme un simple lysosome. Cela serait nier son important rôle morphogénique dans la spermiogenèse. En effet, son développement est étroitement lié à celui de la manchette et de son système microtubulaire. Grâce aux récentes données de mutagenèse animal... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548070 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548069&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547511%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: McElreavey K, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Ravel C, Mandelbaum J, Siffroi JP The human Y chromosome contains a number of genes and gene families that are essential for germ cell development and maintenance. Many of these genes are located in highly repetitive elements that are subject to rearrangements. Deletion of azoospermia factor (AZF) regions AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc are found in approximately 10-15% of men with severe forms of spermatogenic failure. Several partial AZFc deletions have been described. One of these, which removes around half of all the genes within the AZFc region, appears to be present as an inconsequential polymorphism in populations of northern Eurasia. A second deletion, termed gr/gr, also results in the absence of several AZFc genes and it may be a genetic risk f... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548069 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548068&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18547512%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Roux N, Amar M, Fossier P Synaptic plasticity is the cellular mechanism underlying the phenomena of learning and memory. Much of the research on synaptic plasticity is based on the postulate of Hebb (1949) who proposed that, when a neuron repeatedly takes part in the activation of another neuron, the efficacy of the connections between these neurons is increased. Plasticity has been extensively studied, and often demonstrated through the processes of LTP (Long Term Potentiation) and LTD (Long Term Depression), which represent an increase and a decrease of the efficacy of long-term synaptic transmission. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the cellular mechanisms of LTP and LTD, whether at the level of excitatory synapses, which have been the most studied, or... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548068 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:46:42 +0100 1548068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548133&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762819%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boeuf G On the Planet Earth, oceans and seas today correspond to the largest volume offered to Life. Roughly, 275,000 species have been described from marine environments, only representing some 15% of all the present known living. But marine biomass can be enormous. Life appeared in the ancestral ocean 3 800 million years ago and determining events occurred there: appearance of the nuclear membrane and cell nucleus, "pluricellularity", capture of bacteria transformed into organelles, then sexuality. On the 33 phyla existing today on the Earth, 12 never have left the ocean and are exclusively marine. Such biodiversity, archaism of characters, organisational and behavioural patterns make these marine organisms an excellent reservoir for identifying and extracting very interesti... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548133 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548132&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762820%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Besseau L, Vuilleumier R, Sauzet S, Boeuf G, Falcón J Melatonin is the time-keeping molecule of vertebrates. The daily and annual variations of its rhythmic production allow synchronizing physiological functions and behaviours to the variations of the environment. In fish, melatonin is produced by the photoreceptor cells of the retina and pineal organ. It is also synthesized by other retinal cell types of the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. In most of the species investigated, the melatonin rhythm displays a high-at-night profile, resulting from the circadian control of the arylalkylamine N-acetyltranferase (AANAT) activity; AANAT is the penultimate enzyme in the melatonin biosynthesis pathway. Some fish species escape the high-at-night rule in the retina, and the... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548132 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548131&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762821%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Falcón J, Besseau L, Sauzet S, Fuentès M, Boeuf G Melatonin is the time-keeping molecule of the organism. The production by the pineal organ is responsible for the diurnal and annual rhythms of plasma melatonin content. This contributes to synchronizing behavioural, biochemical and physiological processes to the environmental variations in photoperiod and temperature. Conservation and diversity characterize the melatonin system in vertebrates: conservation because its nocturnal pattern of production as well as its synchronizing properties are a constant; diversity because the modalities of its biosynthesis and modes of action have been profoundly modified in the course of evolution. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the targets and modes of action of me... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548131 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548131 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548130&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762822%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Genevière AM, Aze A, Even Y Sea urchin is a classical research model system in developmental biology; moreover, the external fertilization and growth of embryos, their rapid division cycle, their transparency and the accessibility of these embryos to molecular visualization methods, made them good specimens to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of cell division. These features as well as the phylogenetic position of sea urchin, close to vertebrates but in an outgroup within the deuterostomes, led scientists working on this model to sequence the genome of the species S. purpuratus. The genome contains a full repertoire of cell cycle control genes. A comparison of this toolkit with those from vertebrates, nematodes, drosophila, as well as tunicates, provides new insight into... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548130 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548130 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548129&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762823%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Matallana-Surget S, Joux F, Lebaron P, Cavicchioli R A significant part of the world ocean is characterized by low absolute nutrients and chlorophyll concentrations. In these oligotrophic environments, bacteria are very abundant and play a vital role in the remineralization of the dissolved organic matter. Bacteria adapted to oligotrophic waters differ from those adapted to richer environments by some genetic and metabolic characteristics. Culture techniques in bacteriology are based on rich media and do not allow the growth of most marine bacteria. New techniques have been developed for the culture of oligotrophic bacteria, which allow to isolate unknown bacteria. Pelagibacter ubique and Sphingopyxis alaskensis belong to these bacteria recently isolated from the marine enviro... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548129 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548128&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762824%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bertrand S, Camasses A, Escriva H Evo-devo is a young disciplin, which aims to explain the morphological evolution of organisms through developmental mechanisms and genes networks. A major question within this discipline is the origin of vertebrates. It seems now admitted that vertebrates derive from an invertebrate chordate ancestor. Several models among living chordate representatives are used today to answer this question. The small world of evo-evo interested in the emergence of vertebrates is ebullient about the advent of several totally sequenced genomes allowing comparative analyses to become evermore reliable. Furthermore "non classical" models are developed which can be submitted to refined developmental analysis. One of these is amphioxus (genus Branchyostoma), "a pe... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548128 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548127&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762825%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Montcouquiol M Planar cell polarity (PCP) genes were originally identified in invertebrates (Drosophila Melanogaster) for their role in the uniform orientation of a structure within the plane of the epithelium (hair, group of cells). During the last five years, numerous studies have shown that vertebrate, but more importantly, mammalian homologues of some of these genes are involved in various developmental processes such as neural tube closure, polycystic kidney disease, inner ear functions (hearing, balance) or Bardet Biedl syndrome. These processes rely on a set of genes whose PCP function is conserved in mammals and Drosophila Melanogaster for some, or only present in mammals for others. In 2003, the inner ear was identified as a model to study PP in mammals and allowed th... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548127 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548126&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762826%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bonnet C, Kaltimbacher V, Ellouze S, Forster V, Sahel JA, Corral-Debrinski M mRNA subcellular distribution and translational control are key player mechanisms for development, cellular differentiation and synaptic plasticity. mRNA localization is also implicated in mitochondria biogenesis. Two sequences within the transcripts are involved in their mitochondrial localization: the region coding for the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) and the 3'UTR. Therefore, we decided to use mRNA localization as a tool to address to mitochondria a protein that is not normally imported. We have chosen to construct nuclear versions of the mtDNA encoded ATP6 and ND1 genes to which we appended the signals of COX10 gene, whose transcript is sorted to the mitochondrial surface. Thus, by direc... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548126 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548125&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762827%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Masson-Pévet M In Mammals, the master circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This clock is synchronized with the astronomical time, essentially by the light/dark cycle. The different zeitgebers studied act on the Per1 and/or Per2 genes from the main molecular loop which initiates the circadian oscillations. Once synchronized with the environment, circadian oscillations are distributed through the organism by efferent signals, and the complex interaction of neural, hormonal and behavioural outputs from the circadian clock drive circadian expression of events, either directly or through coordination of the timing of peripheral oscillators. Melatonin, one of the endocrine output signals of the clock, provides the organism with circadian... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548125 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548124&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762828%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Schuster C The rhythmic secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland plays a key role in the synchronisation of circadian and seasonal functions with cyclic environmental variations. The biological effects of this neurohormone are relayed mainly by G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors. These receptors, known as MT1 and MT2, are present in a large number of central and peripheral structures in mammals, with considerable inter-species variations. However, only the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, the site of the master circadian biological clock, and the pars tuberalis of the adenohypophysis contain melatonin receptors in the majority of species. Inhibition of the production of AMPc by a Gi/Go protein is one of the principal signalling pathways of the MT1 and... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548124 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548123&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762829%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Boutin JA Melatonin is a neurohormone primarily synthesized in the pineal gland at night. It has numerous functions in various pathophysiological situations, including anti-oxidant properties at pharmacological concentrations (1 microM and above). It is believed that melatonin acts through three main targets: two 7TM receptors (MT1 and MT2) and one atypical binding site called MT3. This last binding site has been purified in our laboratory and is designated as quinone reductase 2 (QR2, E.C. 1.10.99.2). This enzyme has several individualistic features. It does not recognize standard nicotinamide derivatives as co-substrates, but rather, it recognizes rare ones such as N-ribosylnicotinamide. Among other features of this enzyme, two are of major importance: 1) experiments from Dr... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548123 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548122&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17762830%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Guardiola-Lemaitre B The chronobiotic neurohormone melatonin, synthetized in the pineal gland during darkness periods governs the circadian and seasonal biological rhythms. Physiologically, melatonin regulates the sleep/activity alternance, together with the circadian cycle of body temperature and cortisol secretion, and influences various immune, endocrine and metabolic functions. Dysfunction of the endogenous melatonin secretion is associated with mood and behavioral disorders including body weight. Patients with severe depression exhibit desynchronized and reduced melatonin secretion, in parallel with marked sleep disturbances whereas exogenous melatonin administration and antidepressive drugs restore melatonin secretion. A dysregulated melatonin secretion is also observed ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548122 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548121&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978743%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Loubatières-Mariani MM In 1933 Auguste Loubatières started to work at the Physiological Laboratory of the Montpellier Medical School, famous for the scientific work of Emmanuel Hédon and then Louis Hédon on experimental diabetes mellitus. Auguste Loubatières was particularly interested in the study of a new preparation of long-lasting insulin (insulin-protamine-zinc: IPZ) in the totally pancreatectomized dog. In 1938, he observed that high doses of IPZ induced a severe and protracted hypoglycemia entailing convulsive attacks and even irreversible coma. The story of hypoglycemic sulfonamides started in France in spring 1942. During the second world war, because of the food shortage in Montpellier, a lot of people ate rotting food or even food contaminat... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548121 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548120&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978744%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tousch D There are over a hundred chemical substances that have been derived from plants for use as drugs and medicines; many more await and medicinal plants are the target of all the attention. The structural diversity of natural products still surpasses that from synthetic compounds and is far beyond any imagination of experts in the field. For many pharmaceutical companies, it is a good argument to investigate natural compounds. Many plants with antidiabetic virtues are known in traditional medicine over the world. The CPID (Centre de Pharmacologie et Innovation dans le Diabète) proposes a technology program to purify new natural antidiabetic substances. A large antidiabetic plant library is constructed for a high-throughput pharmacological screening with cell cultures... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548120 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548119&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978745%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Scheen AJ Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. It remains associated with a high risk of severe complications, essentially micro- and macro-vascular complications. Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease that leads to the destruction of insulin-secreting B cells and therefore requires an intensive optimised exogenous insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disease whose expression is favoured by inadequate lifestyle, leading to obesity. It combines a relative insulin secretory defect and insulin resistance, the latter being associated with various other cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment consists of lifestyle modifications first, then the prescription of various glucose-lowering oral drugs and finally, when requested, i... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548119 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548118&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978746%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Renard E The demonstrated role of the tight control of hyperglycaemia for the prevention of long-term diabetic complications has reoriented the goals of insulin supply toward the search for restoration of the effects of physiological insulin secretion rather than the simple survival of insulin deficient patients and the reduction in the number of daily insulin injections to be performed. Normal blood glucose control requires the availability of a fast-acting insulin therapy at meal time in order to reduce hyperglycaemic excursions and a basal insulin therapy able to stabilize blood glucose between meals. Reduction of induced hypoglycaemic risk represents the secondary objective beside the main goal of avoiding hyperglycaemia. Fast-acting analogues, by a faster dissociation of ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548118 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548117&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978747%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bordenave S, Aguer C, Kitzmann M, Mercier J Insulin resistance which characterises obesity and type 2 diabetes depends on genetic and environmental factors. Sedentarity plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and skeletal muscle of obese or type 2 diabetes patients shows several abnormalities of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Exercice training by its beneficial effects on skeletal muscle and particularly on mitochondrial function is efficient to prevent and to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 17978747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548117 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548116&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978748%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Philippe J, Jornayvaz F Present treatment strategies of type 2 diabetes are unsatisfactory. At diagnosis, most oral antidiabetic agents are effective on blood glucose control, but with time metabolic control deteriorates whatever therapeutic modality is used. The reasons for treatment failure are the natural history of the disease and the necessary implication of the patient in the management of blood glucose control on a constant basis. News treatments thus have to be developed acting on either insulin resistance or insulin secretion or both. We discuss here present and future developments which aim to decrease insulin resistance. In the last 10 years, multiple therapeutic targets have been identified in appetite control, such as the endocannabinoid system and glucagon-like-p... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548116 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548115&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978749%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Girard J, Dentin R, Benhamed F, Denechaud PD, Postic C Glucose should not be considered uniquely as a cellular fuel but also as a signaling molecule involved in the regulation of genes encoding glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes and, as such, in storage of triglycerides. Transcriptional effects of glucose on glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes involve a specific transcription factor, ChREBP, whose characteristics and mechanism of activation are described. Finally, the possible implication of ChREBP in the physiopathology of obesity and type 2 diabetes are discussed. PMID: 17978749 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548115 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548114&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978750%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Robert L, Robert AM In this review, we shall first present a short summary of Maillard's carrier, his pioneering work for the introduction of chemistry in medicine and a short description of the reaction he described in 1912 between reducing sugars and amino groups on proteins, part of his PhD thesis. This reaction was rediscovered several decades later by biochemists. Nowadays an increasing number of teams specialise in the study of the Maillard reaction, because of its importance in aging and age-related pathologies. After a short description of this reaction, we report the importance of receptors recognising a variety of AGE-s and mediating their effect on cells and tissues. The importance of glycoxidation is mentioned, mediating the release of free radicals (ROS-s) directl... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548114 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548114 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548113&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978751%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Grossin N, Wautier JL Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are a group of heterogeneous molecules found in higher levels during diabetes, end stage renal failure and aging. Vascular alteration is correlated with their accumulation as during retinopathy or glomerulosclerosis. Glycation of extracellular matrix proteins is associated with diabetic angiopathy. AGE stimulate endothelial cell via the interaction with the receptor RAGE, leading to an inflammatory state with increased adhesion molecule expression, chemoattractant factor and tissue factor production. RAGE activation by AGE triggers reactive oxygen species production by NADPH oxydase. Agents that inhibit AGE formation, stimulate their degradation or neutralize their binding to RAGE represent new approaches to limit the... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548113 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548113 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548112&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978752%26dopt%3DAbstract We describe here the methods used for the demonstration of a direct cytotoxicity of several AGE-products when added to human skin fibroblast cultures. This cytotoxicity was still demonstrable when cells, previously cultured with AGE-s, were transferred to new medium without AGE-s. This effect, the remanence of cytotoxicity in absence of AGE-s, suggests a certain degree of inheritance, possibly by epigenetic mechanisms, of the cytotoxic effect of AGE-s, mediated by the AGE-receptors (RAGE-s) and inhibited by free radical-scavengers, such as L-Carnosine, Catalase and Rhamnose-rich oligo- and polysaccharides. Such cytotoxicity can occur not only on the skin but also in other tissues. It appears thus that besides the crosslinking of collagen and other macromolecules, the products of the Mailla... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548112 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548112 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548111&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978753%26dopt%3DAbstract In conclusion, flavonoids are very potent inhibitors of pentosidine formation in collagens, active at micromolar concentrations; these concentrations might be achieved in plasma of diabetic patients after oral intake of flavonoids. PMID: 17978753 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548111 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548110&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978754%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Tessier FJ, Niquet C The field of Maillard reaction in food has recently re-emerged. This reaction which takes place between carbohydrates and proteins at a high cooking temperatures and causes the formation of flavor and yellow to brown colors was already well documented. Little is known, however, about the formation of other Maillard reaction products (MRPs) which may be toxic: the so-called glycotoxins. It is well recognized that only 10% of these have been identified so far, and improved analytical methods are needed for the discovery of more of the neo-formed contaminants. Only a few studies as yet have focused on the digestion, metabolism and excretion of fructoselysine, carboxymethyllysine, pentosidine, acrylamide, the MRPs which have already been identified. MRPs have ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548110 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548109&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17978755%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Péterszegi G, Robert AM, Robert L, Renard G Non enzymatic glycosylation( glycation) of proteins, described by L. C. Maillard in 1912, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE-s). These exhibit a number of harmful reactions, increasing with age and involved in several age-associated pathologies. In ocular pathology, their role was demonstrated at several levels of age-associated eye-diseases, such as the rigidification of cornea, in the separation of vitreous fibers from the hyaluronan jelly, which might result in retinal detachment. AGE-s are involved also in retinal microvascular alterations in diabetics as well as in age-related macular degeneration. We compared the cytotoxic effect of several AGE-s on human skin fibroblasts and corneal keratocyt... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548109 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548109 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548108&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157072%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Crépin M Tumor progression is now relatively well understood with changes at cellular and molecular levels. However mechanisms of the metastatic process are still not well elucidated. Several important questions remain unsolved to established new therapies. Moreover we need experimental animal models mimicking human metastatic disease to investigate and discover new targets for future therapies. These experimental approaches have to be coupled with pathological and clinical researches. Different experts will present the state of our knowledge in this domain. PMID: 18157072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548108 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548108 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548107&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157073%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Kauskot A, Manent J, Chareyre F, Cominetti M, Chopin M, Giovannini M, Legrand C, Bonnefoy A Animal models allowing more sensitive and early detection of tumorigenesis and metastasis are instrumental in the fight for developing effective therapies against aggressive forms of cancer. In the present chapter, the advantages and limitations of the bioluminescent imaging (BLI) approach are discussed. Although BLI provides rapid, highly sensitive, noninvasive and quantitative detection of small tumors and micrometastases, several issues like the low anatomic resolution or the attenuation of the luminescent signal with tissue depth must be considered when using this technology. PMID: 18157073 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548107 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548106&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157074%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Peyruchaud O Bone is a common metastatic site for many cancers. Tumor cells located in the bone marrow cavity disturb the natural balance (bone remodelling) established between new bone formation performed by osteoblasts and bone resorption carried out by osteoclasts. Tumor cells produce many factors including growth factors and cytokines (PTHrP, ET-1, BMPs, others...) that stimulate either ostoclast activity leading to osteolytic lesions or osteoblast activity generating osteosclerotic bone metastases. Growth factors released from resorbed bone matrix or throughout osteoblastic bone formation sustain tumor growth. Therefore, bone metastases are the site of vicious cycles wherein tumor growth and bone metabolism sustain each other. PMID: 18157074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDL... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548106 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548105&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157075%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Perret GY Although metastatic spread is the most frequent cause of deaths in cancer patients, there are very few drugs specifically targeting this process. Bases for a new antimetastatic drug discovery strategy are weak because a great number of unknowns characterizes the whole understanding of the metastatic cascade mechanisms. Moreover, the current experimental models are too simplistic and do not account for the complexity of the phenomenon. Some targets have been identified but too few are validated. Among them, metastasis suppressor genes seem to be the most promising. In spite of this, during the last years, a dozen of molecules which fulfill the definition of a specific metastatic drug, namely that inhibit metastases without altering growth of the primary tumor (which c... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548105 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548105 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548104&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157076%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: PMID: 18157076 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548104 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548103&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157077%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sanchez S, Hourdez S, Lallier FH Oxygen appears to be one of the key factors in understanding the evolution of life on Earth. Almost absent during more than 2 billion years, its subsequent increase is correlated with the emergence of oxygenic photosynthesis by Cyanobacteria, followed by aerobic Prokaryotes and eventually Eukaryotes, all primitively aerobic, and more recently, the development of complex multicellular organisms. However, in some reduced environments, still present at the surface of the Earth and even more so in ocean depths (hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, massive organic falls,...), anaerobic or micro-aerobic Prokaryotes continue to grow, including some chemoautotrophic bacteria deriving energy from sulfide oxidation for instance. A few Metazoa have managed to ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548103 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548103 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548102&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157078%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Voisin M, Daguin C, Engel C, Grulois D, Javanaud C, Viard F The number of biological introductions has increased since the 1970's and is now considered as the second major cause of the biodiversity erosion, after fragmentation or disappearance of habitat. Beyond the threat they represent for the ecosystem equilibrium, introduced species are interesting models to study fundamental issues in ecology and evolution like the processes of dispersal and adaptation to novel environments. In this context, species introduced over a large geographic range and spectrum of habitats provide an excellent opportunity for comparing the mechanisms that promote introduction and settlement between different environments. In this paper, based on a case study, the worldwide introduction of the brow... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548102 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548102 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548101&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157079%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Bail A, Billoud B, Maisonneuve C, Charrier B In response to environmental constraints, living organisms organise their body according to axes, rotation and translation plans, or asymmetries. Cellular and molecular processes are involved in the establishment of this architecture. Hence, this review aims at presenting the molecular mechanisms controlling the main symmetries and axes in plants. Several genes, coding for transcription factors, have been identified in land plants (mainly Arabidopsis thaliana), as controlling the establishment of apico-basal and adaxial-abaxial axes mainly. The establishment of these axes allows the development in other spatial directions of radial or bilateral symmetries. These processes seem in most cases to be under the control of the phytohor... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548101 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548100&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157080%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: La Barre S, Haras D Various aspects of the social life of bacteria are exposed here, in the light of recently published discoveries on the adaptive mechanisms of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, and on their importance at all ecological levels. There is now a need for studying models such as macrophytic algae and their associated microbial flora in order to integrate observations on simple laboratory models into the spatio-temporal perspective afforded by evolutionarily stable biocenoses. PMID: 18157080 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548100 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548099&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157081%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lemoine M, Helbert W Agars and carrageenans are sulphated galactans which assemble in the red algal cell wall as a dense network of semi-crystalline fibers. These polysaccharides are degraded in heterogeneous phase by bacterial enzymes, namely agarases and carageenases. Crystallographic as well as enzymologic investigations of the sulphated galactans/galactanases systems highlight that the properties of these catalysts are well adapted to the degradation of solid polyanionic substrates. Indeed, as for cellulases or amylases, they are able to depolymerize their respective substrates according to a processive mode of action. However, at the molecular level, they are distinguished by the ionic nature of the interactions involved which do not allow the direct transposition of the ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548099 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548098&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157082%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oulhen N, Morales J, Cosson B, Mulner-Lorillon O, Bellé R, Cormier P Gene expression regulation is crucial for organism survival. Each step has to be regulated, from the gene to the protein. mRNA can be stored in the cell without any direct translation. This process is used by the cell to control protein synthesis rapidly at the right place, at the right time. Protein synthesis costs a lot of energy for the cell, so that a precise control of this process is required. Translation initiation represents an important step to regulate gene expression. Many factors that can bind mRNA and recruit different partners are involved in the inhibition or stimulation of protein synthesis. Oceans contain an important diversity of organisms that are used as important models to analyse ge... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548098 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548097&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157083%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saad H, Bellé R, Morales J, Cosson B, Mulner-Lorillon O, Berthou C, Cormier P mRNA translation is now recognized as a important regulatory step for gene expression in different physiological and pathophysiological processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of resting lymphocytes and defective apoptosis. The mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E (eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E) and its repressor 4E-BP (eIF4E Binding protein) are crucial translational regulators that have been involved in survival and apoptosis processes of cells. We have shown that the release of eIF4E from its translational repressor 4E-BP is an important event for the first mitotic division triggered by fertilization an... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548097 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548097 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548096&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18157084%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bellé R, Le Bouffant R, Morales J, Cosson B, Cormier P, Mulner-Lorillon O Cell division is an essential process for heredity, maintenance and evolution of the whole living kingdom. Sea urchin early development represents an excellent experimental model for the analysis of cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms since embryonic cells contain a functional DNA-damage checkpoint and since the whole sea urchin genome is sequenced. The DNA-damaged checkpoint is responsible for an arrest in the cell cycle when DNA is damaged or incorrectly replicated, for activation of the DNA repair mechanism, and for commitment to cell death by apoptosis in the case of failure to repair. New insights in cancer biology lead to two fundamental concepts about the very first origin of cancerogenesis. Can... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548096 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548088&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533093%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dautry F For a long time RNA molecules have been viewed as simple intermediates between DNA and proteins as conveyed by the name "messenger RNA". However, the similarity between RNA and DNA creates multiple opportunities for regulatory interactions between genes and their transcripts. Over the last ten years a large body of studies in different eukaryotes has shown that indeed RNA molecules play major roles in the control of gene expression. The first pathway to be analyzed has been the control of translation and degradation of messenger RNA by RNA interference and the related processes. This has led to the realization that regulatory RNA molecules have two specific features : a size around twenty nucleotides and the fact that at one point they have been double stranded. The f... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548088 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548087&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533094%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Dautry F, Ribet C, Buccheri MA RNA interference was the first regulation by small RNA to be described in detail. It was initially identified in C. elegans as a sequence-specific post-transcriptional silencing induced by double stranded RNA. There are two main steps in the process, the cleavage of long double stranded RNA molecules into small interfering RNA of about twenty nucleotides and the incorporation of these small molecules into a protein complex to which it confers a sequence specific interaction with RNA substrates. The "classical" RNA interference is associated with the cleavage and the subsequent degradation of the targeted RNA which in its simplest form can be carried out by a single protein (Argonaute 2 in mammals) and a small interfering RNA. The cleavage require... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548087 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548087 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548086&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533095%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Weil D What does mRNA become at the issue of translation in eukaryotic cells ? It can be directly degraded or stored for further use. In some cases, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been studied in detail by biochemical approaches, as examplified by the most recently discovered regulation pathway, RNA interference. However, the cellular context of these regulations has often been ignored, as if these reactions took place diffusely thoughout the cytoplasm. Two new structures involved therein have now been described : GW bodies (or P-bodies) and stress granules. The first studies suggested that they were specifically devoted to mRNA degradation and mRNA storage, respectively. This framework is changing rapidly with obvious functional overlapping between both structures.L... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548086 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548086 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548085&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533096%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Galiana-Arnoux D, Deddouche S, Imler JL Viral diseases represent a constant threat and an important cause of mortality worldwide. We have developed a model to study the response to RNA virus infection in the fruit-fly drosophila. This insect is a good model to study the genetic bases of innate immunity, which constitutes the first level of host-defense in animals. We have shown that viral infection in drosophila triggers a response different from that to bacterial or fungal infections. Our data at this stage point to the existence of at least two types of antiviral defense mechanisms. On one hand, viral infection triggers a JAK-STAT dependent transcriptional response that leads to the expression of antiviral molecules that remain to be characterized. On the other hand, viral R... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548085 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548085 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548084&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533097%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Naguibneva I, Polesskaya A, Ameyar-Zazoua M, Souidi M, Groisman R, Cuvellier S, Ait-Si-Ali S, Pritchard LL, Harel-Bellan A Deciphering the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle differentiation in mammals is an important challenge. Cell differentiation involves complex pathways regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent observations have revealed the importance of small (20-25 base pairs) non-coding RNAs (microRNAs or miRNAs) that are expressed in both lower organisms and in mammals. miRNAs modulate gene expression by affecting mRNA translation or stability. In lower organisms, miRNAs are essential for cell differentiation during development; some miRNAs are involved in maintenance of the differentiated state. We have shown that miR-181, a microRN... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548084 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548083&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533098%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Pfeffer S RNA silencing plays an important role in development through the action of micro (mi) RNAs that fine tune the expression of a large portion of the genome. But, in plants and insects, it is also a very important player in innate immune responses, especially in antiviral defense. It is now well established that the RNA silencing machinery targets plant as well as insect viruses. While the genetic basis underlying this defense mechanism in these organisms starts being elucidated, much less is known about the possible antiviral role of RNA silencing in mammals. In order to identify siRNAs coming from viruses in infected human cells, small RNAs from cells infected with RNA viruses, such as hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus or HIV-1, were cloned and sequenced, but no v... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548083 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548083 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548082&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533099%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Cavaille J Experimental and computer-assisted approaches have led us to identify hundreds of small non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) whose genes - clustered at two chromosomal domains (the DLK1-GTl2 region/human 15q11q13 and the SNURF-SNRPN/human 14q32 loc) - are subjected to genomic imprinting. Here, we discuss their genomic organization, their expression pattern and their potential functions. A travers des approches in silico et expérimentales, nous avons récemment identifié des centaines de petits ARN non-codants, ARNnc - ARN C/D et microARN - dont les gènes sont soumis à l'empreinte génomique parentale (EGP). Ils sont regroupés au sein de deux loci chromosomiques conservés: le domaine DLK1-GTL2 (locus Callypige, position chromosomique humaine ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548082 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548081&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533100%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rassoulzadegan M, Grandjean V, Gounon P, Cuzin F By contrast with a wide definition of the 'epigenetic variation', including all changes in gene expression that do not result from alteration of the gene structure, a more restricted class had been defined, initially in plants, under the name 'paramutation'. It corresponds to epigenetic modifications distinct from the regulatory interactions of the cell differentiation pathways, mitotically stable and sexually transmitted with non-Mendelian patterns. This class of epigenetic changes appeared for some time restricted to the plant world, but examples progressively accumulated of epigenetic inheritance in organisms ranging from mice to humans. Occurrence of paramutation in the mouse and possible mechanisms were then established in ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548081 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548081 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548080&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533101%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Barral S, Vavasseur A, Verdel A In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, formation of pericentromeric heterochromatin involves RNA interference (RNAi). Recent data indicate that two RNAi complexes, RITS (RNA-induced transcriptional silencing complex) and RDRC (RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex), their respective enzymatic activity, and RNA polymerase II are essential for RNAi-mediated heterochromatin formation. At the site where heterochromatin formation takes place, RNA polymerase II synthesizes an RNA that would serve as an RNA platform to recruit in a siRNA-dependent manner RITS and RDRC, and thereby initiate heterochromatin assembly. Once recruited, RITS and RDRC seem to also contribute to the processing of the RNA platform. Therefore, RNAi-driven heterochromatin ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548080 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548079&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D18533102%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Girard A, Hannon GJ The Argonaute proteins, which are the direct partners of the small RNAs involved in RNA interference mechanisms, can be divided into two subfamilies, the Argonautes and the Piwis. In animals, the Argonaute subfamily binds 21-22 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which direct cleavage and translational inhibition of their target RNAs respectively. The partners of the Piwi proteins are 24-30-nucleotide small RNAs called Piwi-interacting RNAs or piRNAs. In Drosophila, Piwi proteins and piRNAs protect the genome of the germline against selfish elements. Recent studies suggest that this function is conserved in mammals.La famille des Argonautes, les partenaires directs des petits ARNs dans les mécanismes d'interférence p... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548079 Mon, 01 Jan 2007 05:00:00 +0100 1548079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548167&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144163%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Blouin C, Hajduch E, Dugail I Lipid droplets have been considered for a long time as inert intracytoplasmic deposits formed within cells under various conditions. Recently, new tools and new approaches have been used to visualize and study these intracellular structures. This revealed new aspects of lipid droplets biology and pointed out their organized structure and dynamic composition. In adipocytes, the specialized cell type for the storage of energy as fat, lipid droplets are particularly well-developed organelles, and exhibit unique properties. Also discussed in this paper is the view that lipid droplets, through specific candidate constituents, can play a role in the sensing of the level of their lipid stores by adipocytes. PMID: 17144163 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLIN... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548167 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548167 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548166&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144164%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Moro C, Berlan M, Lafontan M We have demonstrated a potent and specific lipolytic effect of natriuretic peptides (NP) in human and primates' fat cells. The lipolytic effect of NP is mediated through intracellular production of cGMP and activation of the cGMP-dependent kinase 1alpha. Local infusion of atrial-NP (ANP), directly within the subcutaneous adipose tissue through a microdialysis catheter, increases lipolysis and stimulates blood flow through its vasodilating effect in lean healthy men. This effect is blunted in overweight men and can be recovered by endurance training. Intravenous infusion of physiological doses of ANP induces lipid mobilization. Higher concentrations of ANP that are encountered during heart failure also stimulate lipid oxidation. ANP activates lipoly... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548166 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548166 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548165&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144165%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Saulnier-Blache JS In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with recrutement of new fat cells (adipogenesis) under the control of circulating and local regulatory factors. Among the different lipids released in the extracellular compartment of adipocytes, our group found the presence of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a bioactive phospholipid able to regulate several cell responses via the activation of specific G-protein coupled membrane receptors. Our group found that LPA increases preadipocyte proliferation and inhibits adipogenesis via the activation of LPA1 receptor subtype. Extracellular LPA-synthesis is catalyzed by a lysophospholipase D secreted by adipocytes: autotaxin (ATX). Adipocyte ATX expression strongly increases with adipogenesis as well as in ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548165 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548164&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144166%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Mazzucotelli A, Langin D An excess of fat mass excess predisposes to multiple complications such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases or cancer. A dysregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Recent data on lipid mobilization in adipose tissue have revealed a complex pathway involving a human specific hormonal control of lipolysis via the natriuretic peptides and a new triglyceride lipase, ATGL. Activation of fatty acid reesterification and oxidation can lead to an increase in fatty acid utilization. Targeting these key steps of lipid metabolism (adipose tissue lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation) constitutes a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. PMID: 17144166 ... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548164 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548163&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144167%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Gual P, Aouadi M, Grémeaux T, Binétruy B, Bost F, Tanti JF Obesity is often associated with diabetes and insulin resistance. This review summarizes evidence obtained in our lab on the role of the serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1 in the down regulation of insulin signalling. The role of the ERK1 isoform in the development of adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity is also presented. PMID: 17144167 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548163 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548162&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17144168%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Daval M, Ferré P, Foufelle F Impairment in the regulation of energy homeostasis and imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure lead to many metabolic disorders and diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered as a "fuel-gauge" in the cell and plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism. Activated by an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, AMPK switches on catabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation and switches off anabolic pathways such as lipogenesis or gluconeogenesis. Insulin-sensitizing adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and anti-diabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones and biguanides) are acting in part through the activation of AMPK. More recent findings indicate that AMPK plays also a major role i... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548162 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548161&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151548%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Bambou JC, Giraud A, Gaboriau V, Taddei F, Cerf-Bensussan N The intestine is colonised by a vast population of resident bacteria which have established mutualistic relationships with their host throughout evolution, progressing from commensalism to symbiotic interactions. Intestinal bacteria benefit from resources available in their host, but reciprocally provide advantages to their host, by supplying enzymatic activities not encoded in the host genome, by promoting maturation of the intestine and of the gut associated immune system as well as by modifying the host metabolism. The commensal bacteria, although deprived of pathogenic attributes, might however become a danger for the host in case of translocation, acquisition of pathogenic features or via the inappropriate activa... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548161 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548161 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548160&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151549%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P PPARgamma has been recently described as being a gene of susceptibility for Intestinal Bowel Diseases (IBD) as NOD2/CARD15 gene. IBD are pathologies due to an abnormal immune response, in genetically predisposed patients, to the bacteria of the intestinal flora. PPARgamma, known for its significant role in adipogenesis, is strongly expressed by the epithelial cells of the colon mucosa. PPARgamma is implicated in the regulation of inflammation. Indeed, agonists of this nuclear receptor decrease strongly the intensity of inflammation during experimental colitis induced by chemical agents. A deficit of PPARgamma in patients with ulcerative colitis has been highlighted, that could in part explain the acute inflammation. In addition, bacteria, including th... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548160 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548160 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548159&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151550%26dopt%3DAbstract This article analyzes the circular causality existing between movements and their perceptual consequences. The interaction between the observer and the environment gives rise to multiple energy changes (e.g., optical, inertial), which contain a lot of information relevant for its control. Based on a formal analysis of the energy flows and the physical constraints organizing human motor acts, exemplary control laws are described governing the online guidance of our daily gestures. The efficiency of the sensori-motor mechanisms observed in the regulation of walking, reaching, and bouncing is emphasized. PMID: 17151550 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548159 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548158&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151551%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Oullier O, Lagarde J, Jantzen KJ, Kelso JA For more than 20 years, coordination dynamics have provided research on human movement science with new views about the nonlinear relationships between behavioral and neural dynamics. A number of studies across various experimental settings including bimanual, postural or interpersonal coordination, and also coordination between movements of a limb and an external event in the environment revealed the self-organized nature of human coordination. Here we review an extensive body of literature - in the human movement science and the neuroscience fields - that has investigated the coordination dynamics of brain and behavior when individuals are involved in two rhythmic coordination patterns: synchronization (on-the-beat movements) and sy... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548158 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548157&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151552%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Abourachid A The birds are flying animals but they are also basically bipeds. The theropod dinosaurs, precursors of the birds, were already cursorial bipeds. Because the body structure was modelled by aerodynamical constraints during the evolution, all birds, even those that do not fly anymore, share a typical avian body shape. The osteological differences between birds are more adjustments than deep disruptions. Nevertheless, the birds are very diversified in their way of life and habitat. Yet, the hind limbs of the birds are surprisingly efficient in many manners, such as taking off, landing, swimming and walking. The limb structures adaptability to the various tasks require different mechanical fitness or device such as shock absorber during landing, or thrusters during tac... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548157 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548156&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151554%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Chanat E, Aujean E, Balteanu A, Chat S, Coant N, Fontaine ML, Hue-Beauvais C, Péchoux C, Torbati MB, Pauloin A, Petitbarat M, Devinoy E Milk protein gene expression varies during the pregnancy/lactation cycle under the influence of lactogenic hormones which induce the activation of several transcription factors. Beyond this activation modifying the binding properties of these factors to their consensus sequences, their interactions with DNA is regulated by variations of the chromatin structure. In the nuclei of the mammary epithelial cell, the three dimensional organisation of the chromatin loops, located between matrix attachment regions, is now being studied. The main milk components are organised in supramolecular structures. Milk fat globules are made of a triglycerid... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548156 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548155&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151555%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Faraldo MM, Taddei-De La Hosseraye I, Teulière J, Deugnier MA, Moumen M, Thiery JP, Glukhova MA Mammary epithelium is organized as a bilayer with a layer of luminal secretory cells and a layer of basal myoepithelial cells. To dissect the specific functions of these two major compartments of the mammary epithelium in mammary morphogenesis we have used genetically modified mice carrying transgenes or conditional alleles whose expression or ablation were cell-type specific. Basal cells are located in close proximity to mammary stroma and directly interact with the extracellular matrix (basement membrane) during all their lifespan. On the contrary, luminal secretory cells during early stages of the postnatal mammary development have only limited contacts with basement membran... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548155 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548154&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17151556%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Hondermarck H From differential analysis to identify biomarkers, to functional analysis for finding new therapeutic targets, proteomics bring new comprehensive information for a better understanding of the molecular basis of oncology and new perspectives for the clinic. However the major limitation of proteomic investigations, more generally of post-genomic approaches, remains the molecular and cellular complexity of the mammary gland that is still a major challenge. PMID: 17151556 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548154 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548153&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417134%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Prochiantz A In the early 90s, we found that the DNA-binding domain (homeodomain) of Antennapedia, a homeoprotein transcription factor, was internalized by live cells gaining access to their cytoplasm and nuclei. It was soon revealed that internalization is due to the third helix of the homeodomain, composed of sixteen amino acids. This short peptide baptized Penetratin is the first of a large series of transduction peptides widely used for the internalization of all sorts of cargoes in vitro and in vivo. Although transduction peptides are being developed with the latter practical goal, the most intriguing outcome of our initial observation is that full-length homeoproteins are transferred between cells and have non-cell autonomous transcriptional and translational activities.... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548153 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548152&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417135%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Sagan S, Burlina F, Delaroche D, Aussedat B, Aubry S, Bolbach G, Lavielle S, Chassaing G Trojan peptides or cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are natural or designed peptides identified as cellular membrane-crossing molecules, in particular through their potency to vehiculate various kinds of compounds to the cytoplasm and nucleus of living cells. The indirect methods used so far to detect these peptides in cells led to controversial hypotheses on the mechanism of their cell entry. Therefore, we have developed a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based quantification method to track these peptides inside cells. This new method is presented in this review. PMID: 17417135 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548152 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548151&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417136%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Maizel A In the last few years, the intercellular trafficking of regulatory proteins has emerged as a novel mechanism of cell-to-cell communication in plant development. Here I present a review of the documented cases of transcription factors movement in plants and examine the common themes underlying these different examples. PMID: 17417136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548151 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548150&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417137%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Lamazière A, Chassaing G, Trugnan G, Ayala-Sanmartin J Peptide-membrane interaction is the first step required for peptide cell internalization. In this paper we studied the interactions of substance P, Penetratin and an amphiphilic 16mer (RL16) peptide in two different model membranes, giant unilamellar vesicles and large unilamellar vesicles. Penetratin was able to induce the formation of tubes inside the giant vesicles without changes in membrane permeability. On the contrary, RL16 induced the disruption of giant vesicles and the permeabilization of large vesicles. Substance P showed none of these effects. PMID: 17417137 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Source: Journal de la Societe de Biologie) Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548150 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548149&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417138%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Amsellem S, Fichelson S Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a challenge for cellular therapy. It currently relies on either the use of recombinant cytokines or transfer of transcription factor genes. Among these, the HOXB4 homeoprotein is of particular interest since it promotes the expansion of mouse HSCs without inducing leukemia. To prevent potential deleterious side effects associated with stable HOXB4 gene transfer into the cells, we took advantage of the ability of homeoproteins to passively pass through cell membranes. We have shown that, when co-cultured with stromal cells engineered to secrete HOXB4, human stem cells and immature progenitors clearly were expanded. This expansion was associated with enhanced stem cell repopulating capacity in vivo and... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548149 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1548148&cid=s_37171_62_f&fid=37171&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Ftmpl%3DNoSidebarfile%26db%3DPubMed%26cmd%3DRetrieve%26list_uids%3D17417139%26dopt%3DAbstract Authors: Rostène W Paul Bert worked with Claude Bernard, one of the leading physiologists of the 19th century. In his laboratory at the Collège de France in Paris, Paul Bert carried out fascinating experiments in particular on respiratory processes, leading him to publish "La pression barométrique" in 1878. In this book are recalled his discovery of oxygen pressure decrease with altitude, divers diseases, the improved safety protocols in hyperbaric conditions, and the first development of gas anaesthetics for surgery. He was the third President of the Société de Biologie. Paul Bert was also a politician with strong convictions. Minister of Education under Gambetta's short term government, he initiated the fight for social equality and secular education and beca... Journal de la Societe de Biologie journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1548148 Sun, 01 Jan 2006 05:00:00 +0100 1548148