MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:18:05 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363586&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F815%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363586 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363585&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F811%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363585 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363584&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F810-a%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363584 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363584 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363583&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F810%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363583 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363583 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363582&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F809%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363582 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363581&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F808%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363581 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363580&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F806%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363580 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363580 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363579&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F805%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363579 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363578&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F803%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363578 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363577&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F801%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363577 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363576&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F799%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363576 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363575&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F797%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363575 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363575 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363574&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F796%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363574 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363574 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363573&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F789%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This study shows a modest impact of only distributing a questionnaire aimed at reminding physicians to reassess therapy, whereas systematic IDP intervention improves the modification rate. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363573 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363573 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363572&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F784%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Stay in an ICU, prior use of carbapenems and prior exposure to >3 different classes of antibiotics were independent predictors for VPKP BSIs. These findings provide guidance for antibiotic policies and infection control strategies to contain the spread of VPKP. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363572 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363572 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363571&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F775%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The majority of MDR TB patients on linezolid had favourable treatment outcomes, although treatment was complicated by adverse events that required extensive clinical management. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363571 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363571 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363570&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F769%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We present for the first time a standardized and validated data set of outpatient systemic antimycotic and antifungal use in Europe. Our study demonstrates a variation of antimycotic and antifungal use in Europe, as striking as that of antibiotic use. The ESAC data facilitate the auditing of antimycotic and antifungal prescribing, and the evaluation of the implementation of guidelines and public health policies to promote their judicious use. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363570 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363570 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363569&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F761%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Compared with 1995–2001, IFI-related mortality decreased and OS in patients with IFI increased significantly in recent years. Improved OS was associated with controlled haematological disease, certainty of IFI diagnosis (possible), younger age, time period 2002–06 and the use of novel antifungals. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363569 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363569 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363568&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F752%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Baseline patient characteristics contribute more than the choice of statistical method to the variability of the mutations to be included in the genotypic resistance scores. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363568 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363567&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F749%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Proviral DNA tropism determination should be required, even for patients with a CD4 nadir cell count >350 cells/mm3, before CCR5 antagonists are used in patients with a fully suppressed plasma viral load. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363567 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363566&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F741%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Plasma HIV-RNA, PBMC HIV-DNA and CD4 cell count values were highly diverse and correlated strongly with clinical status during PHI. Early diagnosis was not always associated with severe PHI. Combining PBMC HIV-DNA with HIV-RNA, CD4 cell count and clinical symptoms would have allowed identification of 179 patients (26.5%) at high risk of rapid disease progression who did not meet current guidelines for early treatment initiation. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363566 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363565&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F735%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Fluvastatin addition to standard therapy did not significantly increase the SVR rate in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients; however, it did significantly improve the RVR. Further studies are needed to confirm these promising results and to investigate the mechanisms of action of statins in HCV infection. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363565 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363564&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F729%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Treatment with rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide administered at human-equivalent doses is much more potent against acute TB infection in guinea pigs than in mice. Our findings have important implications for the use of alternative animal models in testing novel TB drug regimens and for modelling M. tuberculosis persistence. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363564 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363563&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F725%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo studies demonstrate that telavancin has the potential to be efficacious in infections caused by hVISA. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363563 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363562&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F721%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Laboratory strategies to reduce morbidity associated with hGISA should focus on testing for hGISA in bacteraemic (rather than colonizing) MRSA isolates in patients with recurrent S. aureus bacteraemia following glycopeptide exposure. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363562 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:28 +0100 3363562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363561&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F717%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions TSB-SSI was superior to both NB and direct plating on ChromID MRSA and BA. Despite re-using swabs for the study, we showed that routine diagnostic screening could be significantly improved, using a semi-selective enrichment broth. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363561 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363560&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F713%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The high affinities of ceftaroline for MRSA PBP2a, MSSA PBPs 1–3 and S. pneumoniae PBP2x/2a/2b support the potential efficacy of ceftaroline in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA and S. pneumoniae. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363560 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363559&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F704%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The CONRAS tests were rapid, cheap and easy to perform and interpret. Both tests should be evaluated on extended strain batteries in multicentre studies before they can be considered for use in susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis to pyrazinamide in resource-limited settings. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363559 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363558&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F701%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The clinical significance of these findings is unclear, but further studies are warranted given the potential for concomitant use of these agents in transplant patients treated for zygomycosis. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363558 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363557&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F694%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions ROS levels increased in all Candida biofilms upon addition of miconazole. However, ROS induction was not the only factor that underlies its fungicidal activity, as quenching of ROS did not lead to an enhanced survival of biofilm cells. ROS-induced apoptosis was not observed in C. albicans cells after miconazole treatment. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363557 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363556&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F684%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These data suggest that treatment of P. aeruginosa with tobramycin and bismuth, as measured by the changes in quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilms, is most effective when delivered as a liposomal formulation at a lower concentration compared with the free formulation. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363556 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363555&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F676%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Overall, the findings in this study suggest that ATA is able to effectively inhibit EV71 replication through interfering with the viral 3D polymerase. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363555 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363554&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F669%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Reduced susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone and cefixime was associated with diverse penA mutations, particularly PBP 2 pattern XIII containing an Ala-501->Val substitution, together with mtrR and porB mutations. The existence of only one strain having the mosaic penA sequence indicated that ceftriaxone and cefixime resistance in Korea is mostly not associated with a mosaic penA sequence. Highly heterogeneous NG-MAST sequence types excluded the clonal expansion of a particular subtype. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363554 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363553&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F666%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The study revealed the wide dissemination of CTX-M β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the healthy population. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363553 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363552&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F661%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The results showed a linkage between the blaVIM-1 and the qnrS and the aac(6')-Ib-cr genes, and between the blaCTX-M-9 and the qnrA genes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363552 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363551&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F651%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the group of clonally related human B2-O25:H4-ST131 CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains is present in companion animals from various European countries. This highlights the possibility of inter-species transmission of these multiresistant strains from human to animal and vice versa. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363551 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363550&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F644%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We describe the wide dissemination of CRAB CC22 in China. The close relatedness between CC22 and European clone II implies the probable global spread of CC22. It is inferred that ST22-CSAB evolves to ST22-CRAB through acquiring blaOXA-23 as a determinative factor. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363550 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363549&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F634%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The peak of macrolide resistance rates among S. pyogenes observed in the 2001–2004 period was associated with an increase in the MLSB phenotype caused by the spread of emm11-ST403 and emm28-ST52 clones harbouring transposons of the Tn916 family. However, erythromycin resistance rates decreased significantly in the 2007–2008 period. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363549 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363548&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F626%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Accumulation of amino acid changes in Fem proteins might affect intact cell wall synthesis, even though not causing reduced viability, thus contributing to atypical oxacillin responsiveness. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363548 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363547&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F619%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions As previously described for ST398 from swine, isolates of this sequence type from cases of bovine mastitis also demonstrated a high degree of variability when ApaI PFGE profiles and other genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were compared. A uniform virulence gene pattern appeared to be conserved between ST398 isolates from both animal species. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363547 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363547 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363546&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F608%3Frss%3D1 This article reviews the evidence for interventions to reduce CDI in hospitalized patients with LRTIs. Reducing prescriptions of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in favour of penicillin-based regimens and increased use of tetracyclines have been proposed. Expanding outpatient management of LRTIs and reducing length of hospital stay will limit patient exposure to the healthcare environment in which C. difficile is most easily acquired. Intravenous (iv) broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed when narrower spectrum, oral antimicrobials would be equally effective and, in a proportion of patients, antibiotic therapy is used unnecessarily. Shorter antibiotic regimes may be as effective as prolonged therapy and reduce antibiotic-related complications. Early switch from iv to oral ther... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363546 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363546 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363545&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F605%3Frss%3D1 In the absence of widespread access to individualized laboratory monitoring, which forms an integral part of HIV patient management in resource-rich settings, the roll-out of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in resource-limited settings has adopted a public health approach based on standard HAART protocols and clinical/immunological definitions of therapy failure. The cost-effectiveness of HIV-1 viral load monitoring at the individual level in such settings has been debated, and questions remain over the long-term and population-level impact of managing HAART without it. Computational models that accurately predict virological response to HAART using baseline data including CD4 count, viral load and genotypic resistance profile, as developed by the Resistance Database Initiativ... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363545 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363545 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363544&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F4%2F601%3Frss%3D1 The accurate performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria from animal sources and the correct presentation of the results is a complex matter. A review of the published literature revealed a number of recurring errors with regard to methodology, quality control, appropriate interpretive criteria, and calculation of MIC50 and MIC90 values. Although more subjective, there is also no consensus regarding the definition of multiresistance. This Editorial is intended to provide guidance to authors on how to avoid these frequently detected shortcomings. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363544 Fri, 12 Mar 2010 16:27:27 +0100 3363544 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258534&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F599%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258534 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258534 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258533&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F598%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258533 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258533 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258532&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F595%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258532 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258531&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F594%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258531 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258531 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258530&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F591%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258530 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258530 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258529&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F588%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258529 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258528&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F586%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258528 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258528 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258527&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F584%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258527 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258527 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258526&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F582%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258526 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258525&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F581%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258525 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258525 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258524&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F576%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These data demonstrate a well-developed structure of AMTs in Belgian hospitals and the broad range of services provided. Technical and financial support by healthcare authorities was key to the extensive implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes across the national hospital care system. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258524 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:26 +0100 3258524 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258523&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F569%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We did not identify evidence supporting the use of an antibiotic-free period before reimplantation and routine reimplantation microbiology. Re-revision was associated with a significantly worse outcome. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258523 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258523 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258522&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F562%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions In patients with candidaemia, echinocandin therapy results in a better outcome. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258522 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258521&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F556%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + emtricitabine in dyslipidaemic HIV-infected patients improves triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258521 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258520&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F548%3Frss%3D1 Conclusion A substantial proportion of HIV-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B show detectable HBV viraemia despite being treated with anti-HBV active antiretroviral drugs (mainly lamivudine). Low CD4 counts were associated with an independent higher risk of detectable HBV viraemia, which supports an earlier introduction of antiretroviral therapy, including anti-HBV drug(s) more potent than lamivudine. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258520 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258519&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F543%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions LEEs are less frequent in patients treated with raltegravir than with other antiretroviral drug classes. However, HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated with raltegravir experienced LEEs more frequently than HIV mono-infected persons. In this series, LEEs in patients treated with raltegravir were uniformly mild and no cases of grade 3–4 hepatotoxicity could be directly attributed to the drug. These results reinforce the overall hepatic safety profile of raltegravir. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258519 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258518&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F538%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Large differences in pharmacokinetic parameters can be excluded for Lopimune paediatric tablets when compared with the branded product and taken on an empty stomach, and also for Lopimune granules when these are taken with food. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258518 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258517&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F535%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions VL significantly lowered the concentration of AmB in the liver and the spleen when compared with uninfected animals. This effect seems to correlate with the degree of infection of the tissue. In the case of the intravenous liposomal formulation (AmBisome®), the differences between the infected and non-infected tissues are of a higher magnitude than in the case of orally administered AmB (iCo-009). (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258517 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258516&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F531%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The antigiardial activity of formononetin is at least partially due to its capacity to rapidly detach trophozoites. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258516 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258515&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F525%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Gentamicin showed the highest activity against both MSSA and MRSA biofilms. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258515 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258514&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F520%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Inhibitor studies indicated that hydroxyl radical action contributes to quinolone-mediated cell death occurring via the chloramphenicol-sensitive lethal pathway but not via the chloramphenicol-insensitive pathway. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258514 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258513&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F512%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The assay presented here is inexpensive, rapid, can be used in 24- and 96-well formats and will serve as an ideal tool for first-round in vitro tests on the efficacy of large numbers of antiparasitic compounds. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258513 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258512&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F508%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions In vitro activity of anti-leishmanial drugs is host cell dependent. This has implications for: (i) the evaluation of in vitro drug activity; (ii) the evaluation of drug susceptibility of clinical isolates; and (iii) the standardization of anti-leishmanial drug assays. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258512 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258511&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F496%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our studies indicate genetic variation in VL and PKDL isolates. Down-regulation of AQP1 correlates well with clinical drug resistance in a majority of Indian VL and PKDL isolates. AQP1 gene expression at both the genetic and transcriptional level showed positive correlation with SbIII accumulation, with some exceptions. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258511 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258511 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258510&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F490%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We report here the development of a useful method composed of a set of six multiplex PCRs and one simplex PCR for the rapid screening of the most frequently encountered β-lactamases. This method allowed direct sequencing from the PCR products. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258510 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258509&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F483%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions There is considerable diversity within Smqnr alleles. S. maltophilia may be a significant reservoir for the dissemination of quinolone resistance elements to Enterobacteriaceae. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258509 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:25 +0100 3258509 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258508&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F479%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Up-regulation of endogenous SdeXY–HasF-mediated efflux is associated with tigecycline resistance in S. marcescens along with MIC rises for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and cefpirome. Inactivation of this efflux system reduced MICs of those compounds to below those for strain NCTC 10211. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258508 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:24 +0100 3258508 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258507&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F474%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The high diversity and proportion of MBL-positive P. putida suggests an environmental reservoir of these resistance determinants. Dissemination of these multidrug resistance elements to successful P. aeruginosa clones presents a major epidemiological and clinical threat. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258507 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:24 +0100 3258507 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258506&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F470%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The PCR-RFLP (HinfI) assay alone is unreliable for the detection of tetracycline resistance in Chilean clinical isolates of H. pylori. To that end, it must be complemented by sequencing of the 535 bp PCR fragment. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258506 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:24 +0100 3258506 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258505&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F465%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Indonesia is another developing country affected by the emergence and spread of bacterial strains harbouring ESBL genes, including the CTX-M-15-producing B2-E. coli O25b-ST131 clone. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258505 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258505 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258504&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F460%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions E. coli expressing an AmpC phenotype occur sporadically and cause significant resistance to cephalosporins. The majority of these are hyperproducing chromosomal ampC although some isolates have acquired pAmpC. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258504 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258504 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258503&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F453%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The great genetic variation of E. coli hosts containing transferable quinolone resistance determinants demonstrated the high transmission capacity of these mechanisms. It is urgent to characterize and block their transmission routes in order that the utility of quinolones is preserved. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258503 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258503 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258502&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F449%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions S. pneumoniae resistance to levofloxacin was uncommon and we managed to identify only one case of probable in vivo resistance development in the 2.5 years of the study. Strain replacement accounted for the majority of incidences where there was an apparent shift towards colonization with isolates of reduced levofloxacin susceptibility. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258502 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258502 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258501&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F446%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16 remain the main MRSA strains in bacteraemia in the UK, but the proportion of EMRSA-16 declined from the late 1990s, thus preceding the general decline in MRSA bacteraemias that began in the middle of the present decade. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258501 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258501 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258500&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F442%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Linezolid resistance emerged in two isolates of ST36 MRSA colonizing the lungs of two paediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Subtherapeutic levels of linezolid may have facilitated the selection of resistance. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258500 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258499&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F438%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These findings underline the need for a regular assessment of the relationship between the presence of resistant isolates and in vitro/in vivo IPTp/SP efficacy, and evaluation of an alternative drug. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258499 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258499 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258498&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F434%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions In antiretroviral-experienced patients receiving raltegravir, 2-LTR DNA increased while total HIV-1 DNA decreased over time. The frequent rearrangements found in 2-LTR sequences warrant further investigations to determine the dynamics of evolution of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258498 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258497&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F425%3Frss%3D1 Discussion Two patterns of viral evolution were observed in the resistant viral populations, driving the variants towards a fast (most of them with G140S + Q148H mutations) or progressive increase in resistance to raltegravir. These results may have implications either for the evaluation of genotypic results, or for the correct clinical use of the compound. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258497 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258496&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F417%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We confirm that different pathways to the generation of CCR5 drug resistance/cross-resistance may occur that strongly depend on cell culture conditions, CCR5 availability and the genetic background of the HIV strain. Our study provides complementary information to understand the complexity of resistance to CCR5 antagonists. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258496 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258495&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F410%3Frss%3D1 Triazole drugs are widely used in cancer patients for prophylaxis and treatment of life-threatening invasive fungal infections. Fluconazole, available for over two decades, is safe and effective in patients with cancer; however, the excellent safety profile of fluconazole may not be applicable to the newer triazoles. Itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole are associated with adverse events, and drug interactions frequently occur, particularly in cancer patients, since the triazoles and many drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are metabolized via a common metabolic pathway, the hepatic cytochrome P450 system. Close monitoring for drug interactions is needed when triazoles are used with anti-neoplastic drugs and dosage modification of the triazole or its discontinuation may be required. M... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258495 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258494&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F399%3Frss%3D1 N-chlorotaurine, the N-chloro derivative of the amino acid taurine, is a long-lived oxidant produced by activated human granulocytes and monocytes. Supported by a high number of in vitro studies, it has mainly anti-inflammatory properties and seems to be involved in the termination of inflammation. The successful synthesis of the crystalline sodium salt (Cl-HN-CH2-CH2-SO3Na, NCT) facilitated its development as an endogenous antiseptic. NCT can be stored long-term at low temperatures, and it has killing activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. Transfer of the active chlorine to amino groups of molecules of both the pathogens and the human body (transhalogenation) enhances rather than decreases its activity, mainly because of the formation of monochloramine. Furthermore, surf... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258494 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258493&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F390%3Frss%3D1 The in vitro selection of antimicrobial resistance in important pathogens can provide critical information on the genetic basis of drug resistance, and such information can be used to predict, anticipate and even contain the spread of resistance in clinical practice. For instance, the discovery of the role of pfmdr1 in mefloquine resistance in malaria parasites resulted from in vitro studies. However, the in vitro selection of resistance is difficult, challenging and time consuming. In this review, we discuss the key parameters that impact on the efficiency of the in vitro selection of resistance, and propose strategies to improve and streamline this process. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258493 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:23 +0100 3258493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258492&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F386%3Frss%3D1 The life expectancy of people living with HIV infection has improved dramatically since the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Now that patients with HIV infection are living longer, the focus of its treatment should shift to long-term management spanning decades. Diseases of ageing, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), have now become more important. The evidence of cardiovascular risk associated with HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy is explored and discussed in this article. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258492 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:22 +0100 3258492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258491&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F383%3Frss%3D1 The question about when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients has been debated since the discovery of the first antiretroviral agent (zidovudine) back in 1986 and has been fuelled by the introduction of highly active combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) 10 years later in 1996. The dramatic improvement in the mortality rate associated with cART supported the principle of ‘hitting early and hard’, but the initial enthusiasm was quickly tempered by the realization of the inconveniences and the short- to mid-term treatment-related toxicities, including lipoatrophy. In 2009, cART can be very simple and generally well tolerated. All patients with a CD4+ T cell count of <350 cells/mm3 should receive cART. Moreover, several cohort studies have convincingly dem... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258491 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:22 +0100 3258491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258490&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F3%2F379%3Frss%3D1 Until the advent of tenofovir, many HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected patients had been treated with lamivudine as the only agent active against HBV. Selection of lamivudine-resistant HBV strains occurred in many of these patients, complicating clinical prognosis and rescue therapy. These individuals might also transmit HBV-resistant strains. Moreover, a subset of these lamivudine-resistant HBV isolates may behave as vaccine escape mutants, complicating diagnostic accuracy (e.g. producing ‘occult’ hepatitis B) and reducing the efficacy of preventive measures (causing infection in vaccinated persons). Nowadays, periodic monitoring of HBV viral load in co-infected patients should be mandatory. It may allow the early recognition of HBV viraemic individuals who may benefit fr... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258490 Tue, 09 Feb 2010 16:11:22 +0100 3258490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193343&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F378%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193343 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193342&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F377%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193342 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193341&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F374%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193341 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193340&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F370%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193340 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193339&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F369%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193339 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193338&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F367%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193338 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193337&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F366%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193337 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193336&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F364%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193336 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193335&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F362%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193335 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193334&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F361%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193334 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193334 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193333&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F350%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions A lack of detectable fitness cost of trimethoprim resistance in vitro together with a strong co-selection of other antibiotics could explain the rather disappointing effect of the intervention. The result emphasizes the low possibility of reverting antibiotic resistance once established and the urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193333 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193332&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F347%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Vancomycin is the mainstay therapy for MRSA BSIs, even when MICs are not measured or raised, despite evidence of high failure rates. The use of newer agents frequently does not follow European or US licensed indications, may be inappropriate and may result in avoidable deaths. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193332 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193332 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193331&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F342%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our results suggest that broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used in ICU patients with POP who have received antimicrobial therapy in the 3 months prior to hospitalization, or with >5 days between the first operation and relaparotomy. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193331 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193331 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193330&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F333%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions In our centre, ESBL-EC bacteraemia is frequent among cancer patients, especially in those exposed to antibiotic pressure. All ESBL-EC strains were unrelated and most of them carried a CTX-M group enzyme. Patients with ESBL-EC bacteraemia received inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy more frequently than patients carrying a susceptible strain, but significant differences in mortality could not be demonstrated. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193330 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:08 +0100 3193330 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193329&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F327%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This study showed that: (i) there is a relevant discordance between the two methods; and (ii) phenotypic clarithromycin resistance markedly reduces H. pylori eradication when it is linked to a specific point mutation. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193329 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193329 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193328&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F320%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Major INI resistance-associated mutations are very rare, if indeed ever present, in INI-naive patients. However, polymorphisms at positions which may influence the genetic barrier and/or drive the selection of specific INI resistance pathways are common, especially in HIV non-B subtypes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193328 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193327&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F316%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Fluconazole led to significant increases in nevirapine exposure, but was not associated with evidence of increased hepatotoxicity. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193327 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193326&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F307%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The majority of subjects with VF had major and minor mutations detected at VF; CG detected additional low-abundance variants at baseline and VF that could have influenced mutation selection pathways. Both PG and CG data suggest TAMs, not K65R selection, are the preferred resistance route, biased towards 215F selection. No HIV clone contained both K65R and T215F/Y mutations, suggesting in vivo antagonism between the two mutations. The once-daily zidovudine usage and high baseline viraemia may also have contributed to rapid selection of HIV with multiple mutations in VFs. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193326 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193325&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F303%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that plasma eotaxin levels prior to HCV antiviral therapy may be useful in predicting virological response to HCV treatment with IFN- + ribavirin in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Further experimental research is necessary to corroborate this hypothesis. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193325 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193324&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F296%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Pathogen distribution and, consequently, drug susceptibility seem to vary across different geographic regions. Furthermore, protection from invasive zygomycosis for patients on posaconazole prophylaxis is not absolute. Our findings indicate that the use of liposomal amphotericin B as first-line treatment for patients diagnosed with zygomycoses merits further investigation, preferably in the form of a clinical trial. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193324 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193323&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F293%3Frss%3D1 Objectives To identify the frequency of caspofungin-non-susceptible Candida isolates in cancer patients with candidiasis. Methods We reviewed the in vitro susceptibilities (M27-A3 CLSI method) of 650 Candida spp. associated with invasive candidiasis episodes in 582 hospitalized cancer patients (2005–08). Results and conclusions We identified seven caspofungin-non-susceptible Candida strains (three Candida tropicalis, two Candida glabrata and two Candida albicans) from 650 Candida isolates (1%). C. tropicalis (three out of seven) was the most common non-susceptible species isolated. All patients responded to a change of antifungal therapy. Further surveillance should focus on the potential broader emergence of echinocandin resistance, as the clinical use of this antifungal class con... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193323 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193322&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F289%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Iron chelation therapy with deferasirox alone or in combination with LAmB is effective in treating experimental IPA. Further study of deferasirox is warranted as adjunctive therapy for IPA infections. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193322 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193321&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F285%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The significant reduction in fungal burden in the lungs of infected animals by the volatiles of L. petersonii oil was larger than that reported for conventional antifungal drugs of choice. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193321 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193320&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F275%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions These results provide valuable insights into DAS181 treatment dose and potential regimens in the clinical setting. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193320 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193319&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F271%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions We showed that MICs for planktonic and biofilm forms of C. albicans were much lower when treated with an antifungal combination than when treated with single agents. The combination of amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism against Candida biofilms, whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin yielded indifferent interaction. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193319 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193318&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F266%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions BAL30072 displayed impressive activity against many carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii, particularly against the two clones most prevalent in the UK, and also against B. cepacia complex isolates from CF; it was more active than aztreonam against P. aeruginosa. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193318 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193317&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F258%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The commercial silver-impregnated catheter was not able to eradicate MRSA or E. coli and while it showed activity against S. epidermidis in one assay it was unable to prevent colonization in vitro under in-flow conditions. This is consistent with clinical studies on silver-processed catheters. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193317 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193316&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F252%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Piperacillin/BLI-489 demonstrated a low probability of spontaneous resistance development in vitro for all of the strains tested with the exception of P. aeruginosa. The MPC value for all strains was ≤32 mg/L. Resistance developed during serial passage for two of the five strains tested; however, this resistance phenotype was unstable as MIC values reverted to ≤64 mg/L after propagation in drug-free medium. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193316 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193315&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F249%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions False detection of carbapenemase production was observed by the MHT possibly as a result of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production coupled with porin loss as reported before. Clinical laboratories must be aware of this fact, especially in geographical areas where ESBL-producing isolates are highly prevalent. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193315 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193314&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F243%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the presence of pKpQIL, a 105 kb KPC-3- and TEM-1-encoding plasmid, in the XDR K. pneumoniae epidemic strain in Israel. pKpQIL is unique and appears consistently in all isolates of this clone over the years. The extensive β-lactam resistance phenotype of this clone is primarily mediated by this single self-transmissible plasmid. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193314 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193313&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F239%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions SmaQnr conferred a reduced susceptibility phenotype against fluoroquinolones in E. coli. These data provide evidence of its possible role in quinolone resistance in S. marcescens. This Gram-negative species may constitute a reservoir for qnr-like quinolone resistance genes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193313 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193313 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193312&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F233%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The global dissemination of eight carbapenem-resistant lineages illustrates the success this organism has had in epidemic spread. The acquired OXA enzymes are widely distributed but are not the sole carbapenem resistance determinant in A. baumannii. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193312 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193312 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193311&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F228%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating the role of efflux pumps in mediating decreased susceptibility to disinfectants and other chemical substrates in A. baumannii. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193311 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193311 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193310&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F224%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The association of specific mutations highlighted the strains’ high clonality and indicates recent XDR-TB transmission. In addition, the identification of the most frequent resistance-associated mutations will be invaluable in applying XDR-TB molecular detection tests in the region in the near future. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193310 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193310 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193309&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F218%3Frss%3D1 Raltegravir (Isentress®) is the first approved HIV integrase inhibitor. Agents in this class target a different viral enzyme compared with agents inhibiting reverse transcriptase and protease. A wide number of patients are currently susceptible to integrase inhibitors, including heavily antiretroviral-experienced patients harbouring drug-resistant viruses. The good tolerability and convenience of raltegravir have recently begun to be appreciated, leading to the consideration of other indications for the drug. Data recently released using the drug as first-line therapy or in switch strategies are very promising and the role of raltegravir in intensification therapy is currently under investigation. Altogether, the current information supports a broad use of raltegravir beyond its initia... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193309 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193309 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193308&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F213%3Frss%3D1 Apricitabine is a novel deoxycytidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) currently in clinical development for the treatment of HIV infection. Apricitabine shows antiviral activity in vitro against HIV-1 strains and clinical isolates with mutations in the reverse transcriptase that confer resistance to other NRTIs, including M184V, thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), nucleoside-associated mutations such as L74V and certain mutations at codon 69. Apricitabine has shown activity in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients with NRTI resistance (with M184V and up to five TAMs) as well as in treatment-naive patients. Resistance to apricitabine is slow to develop in vitro and there has been little evidence of development of resistance to apricitabine in clinical use thus far... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193308 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193308 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193307&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F202%3Frss%3D1 Promising results have been observed with an investigational drug class for hepatitis C (HCV), the specifically targeted antiviral therapies for hepatitis C (STAT-Cs), when combined with peginterferon plus ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV). This class has the potential to increase sustained virological response (SVR) rates and reduce therapy duration in genotype 1 chronic HCV patients compared with Peg-IFN/RBV alone. However, because of the remarkable sequence variation in HCV (resulting from the high viral replication rate and intrinsically error-prone nature of HCV polymerase), variants with reduced susceptibility to STAT-Cs can occur naturally before treatment, usually at low levels, and can be selected in patients not responding to potent STAT-C treatment. This review first describes how resista... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193307 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193307 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193306&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F186%3Frss%3D1 In vitro pharmacodynamic (PD) models are used to obtain useful quantitative information on the effect of either single drugs or drug combinations against bacteria. This review provides an overview of in vitro PD models and their experimental implementation. Models are categorized on the basis of whether the drug concentration remains constant or changes and whether there is a loss of bacteria from the system. Further subdifferentiation is based on whether bacterial loss involves dilution of the medium or is associated with dialysis or diffusion. For comprehension of the underlying principles, experimental settings are simplified and schematically illustrated, including the simulations of various in vivo routes of administration. The different model types are categorized and their (dis)adva... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193306 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193306 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193305&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F183%3Frss%3D1 Harmonization of antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints across Europe has resulted in the reintroduction of the intermediate susceptibility categorization into the BSAC susceptibility testing method for a wide range of antibiotic pathogen test pairs. The implications of this, for laboratories and prescribers, are discussed. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193305 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193305 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193304&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F2%2F179%3Frss%3D1 The strategy of decreasing antimicrobial prescribing to reduce existing antimicrobial resistance appears attractive, but its effectiveness, particularly in the community setting, remains unclear. Contrasting results obtained from the relatively few studies in this area confuse matters further. Prescribing reductions have successfully reduced the prevalence of resistance among respiratory pathogens, but in these cases single bacterial clones dominated the resistant population. In contrast, this strategy has not succeeded in reducing plasmid-encoded resistance among Escherichia coli. The reasons why some prescribing restriction policies are more successful than others are complex, with the three key determinants being the fitness cost of resistance, the clonal structure of the resistant bact... Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193304 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:07:07 +0100 3193304 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088929&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F178%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088929 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088929 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088928&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F175%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088928 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088927&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F173%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088927 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088927 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088926&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F171%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088926 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088926 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088925&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F169%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088925 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088925 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088924&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F163%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Indices within these four groups seem to provide different and complementary information. Restricting measurement of antimicrobial use to a single metric such as DDDs per 1000 bed days may be insufficient. It is not known which (if any) of these indices are the best predictors of antimicrobial-related risks such as resistance pressure or Clostridium difficile infection. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088924 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088924 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088923&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F156%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Factors associated with non-adherence must be anticipated by IDSs during consultations, because non-adherence leads to worse clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify the interventions that could improve physician adherence to recommendations made during solicited consultations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088923 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088922&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F148%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The impact of associations among macrolide consumption, influenza and socioeconomic factors may reflect inappropriate use of these agents to treat viral infections and/or prescribing for secondary infections, and knowledge of the virus versus bacteria problem and accessibility of healthcare. Further research surrounding differences in access to antimicrobial prescriptions and treatment options between advantaged and disadvantaged populations is suggested to further understand the dynamics of antimicrobial use in Canada. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088922 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088922 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088921&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F145%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The substantial sales of fluoroquinolones by authorized pharmacies and the wide availability of fluoroquinolones in unauthorized drug outlets in Moshi constitute a challenge to the use of fluoroquinolones in TB treatment in Tanzania. Control of antibacterial use in Tanzania requires the implementation of surveillance systems for antibacterial use and resistance, and adequate restriction of antibacterial sales to authorized pharmacies only. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088921 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088921 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088920&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F138%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions ENF-cART is not associated with a significantly higher risk of BP than other cART regimens, although the value of the adjusted risk and the upper limit of the CI do not allow us to exclude a small increased risk. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088920 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088920 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088919&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F129%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This analysis confirms that efavirenz decreases atazanavir concentrations, and there was a negative association of weight and lopinavir concentrations. The strong impact of rifabutin on lopinavir concentration should be studied further. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088919 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:27 +0100 3088919 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088918&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F125%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions This pilot study evaluating the biochemical and virological impact of a reduced dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir suggests that lower exposure to lopinavir/ritonavir could be associated with a significant decrease in triglycerides during treatment, without occurrence of resistance mutations that might impact the virological response to treatment. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088918 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088918 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088917&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F118%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Under NNRTI-based regimens, early detection of VF could allow the reinforcement of adherence when VL was <1000 copies/mL, because in most of these cases no resistance mutations were detected, or a change to a protease inhibitor-based regimen if VL was >1000 copies/mL. The low frequency of TAMs suggests that most NRTIs can be used in a second-line regimen after early failure. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088917 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088916&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F114%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Prior treatment with any azole or specifically with voriconazole did not seem to impact on overall response or survival in patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B for confirmed IFFI. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088916 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088916 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088915&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F107%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Exposure and clearance of voriconazole in recipients of an allogeneic HSCT are similar to those of healthy volunteers though there was high intra- and inter-individual variation in drug exposures which may have implications for similar patient populations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088915 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088915 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088914&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F98%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Cationic PMOs inhibited bacterial growth in vitro and in vivo, and Gux–PMOs were more effective than Pip–PMOs. However, neither was as effective as the equivalent PMO–peptide conjugates. Subcutaneous treatment showed that 5 + Gux–AcpP or (RXR)4XB–AcpP entered the circulatory system, reduced infection and increased survival. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088914 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088914 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088913&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F91%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The worldwide prevalence of bro gene carriage in clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis is now approaching 95%, with children significantly more likely to harbour bro-positive isolates than adults. Further, statistically significant differences in the distribution of β-lactam MICs were observed between different world regions, particularly with respect to the Far East. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088913 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088913 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088912&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F82%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions The Etest is a useful tool for determining MICs and testing antimicrobial combinations. The SBPI is more discriminatory than the FICI, allowing easy ranking of the combinations, and is likely to have clinical relevance. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088912 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088912 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088911&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F79%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Our results show that mecillinam has excellent in vitro activity against a range of E. coli exhibiting β-lactamase activity, some with the production of multiple β-lactamases. It is time to further evaluate the clinical utility of mecillinam in the treatment of infections caused by such organisms. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088911 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088910&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F72%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions XF-70 and XF-73 remained highly active against various forms of slow-growing or non-dividing S. aureus. The results support the hypothesis that membrane-active agents may be particularly effective in eradicating slow- or non-growing bacteria and suggest that XF-70 and XF-73 could be utilized to treat staphylococcal infections where the organisms are only dividing slowly, such as biofilm-associated infections of prosthetic devices. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088910 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088909&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F63%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions BPR2-D2 was identified as a novel inhibitor of influenza virus. It may target viral RNPs that are responsible for viral RNA synthesis. Targeting different molecules compared with NA allows BPR2-D2 to inhibit oseltamivir-resistant viruses. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088909 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088908&cid=s_32011_77_f&fid=32011&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjac.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fshort%2F65%2F1%2F54%3Frss%3D1 Conclusions Subinhibitory concentrations of fluconazole protect against oxidants and killing mediated by phagocytes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088908 Tue, 15 Dec 2009 15:00:26 +0100 3088908