MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Basic Microbiology' source. Fri, 03 Feb 2012 21:44:27 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473994&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100235 AbstractTwo Enterococcus faecium and one E. faecalis strains isolated and identified from wheat silage were characterized based on plasmid content, hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteriocin production potential, and presence of enterocin structural genes (entA, entB, entP, entL50B). Among the isolates, only the E. faecium U7 strain exhibited bacteriocin activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). A combination of three structural genes (entA, entB, and entP) was detected in E. faecium U7. A relationship between the presence of enterocin structural genes, and bacteriocin activity was detected in E. faecium U7; therefore partially purified enterocin (PPE) was further investigated from the isolate. Several bands of... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473994 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473993&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100228 AbstractA biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa RS29 (identified on the basis of 16S rDNA analysis) with good foaming and emulsification properties has been isolated from crude oil contaminated sites. Optimization of different environmental factors was carried out with an objective to achieve maximum production of biosurfactant. Production of biosurfactant was estimated in terms of surface tension reduction and emulsification (E24) index. It was recorded that the isolated strain produced highest biosurfactant after 48 h of incubation at 37.5 °C, with a pH range of 7–8 and at salinity <0.8% (w/v). Ammonium nitrate used in the experiment was the best nitrogen source for the growth of biomass of P. aeruginosa RS29. On the other hand sodium and potassium nitrate enhanced the pro... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473993 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473993 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473992&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100080 AbstractBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from 94 samples from different geographical regions. Novel types of crystalline inclusion bodies were observed from some of the isolates. Crystalline inclusions of bipyramidal, spherical and cuboidal morphology were found produced by most of the isolates. Isolate GS12 showed crystal on one side of spore while isolate GM108 formed crystals on both termini of spore. Isolate GN31 produced large sized bipyramidal crystals. SDS‐PAGE analysis of the spore crystal suspension showed major protein bands in the range of 29 and 140 kDa. Two new serovars of Bt viz. GS4 and GN24 having H3abce and H3ab serotype respectively were isolated. Toxicity comparable to the reference strain Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) HD‐1 was observed... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473992 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473992 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473991&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100116 In this study, a novel acrylamide‐degrading yeast has been isolated. The isolate was identified as Rhodotorula sp. strain MBH23 using ITS rRNA analysis. The results showed that the best carbon source for growth was glucose at 1.0% (w/v). The optimum acrylamide concentration, being a nitrogen source for cellular growth, was at 500 mg l–1. The highest tolerable concentration of acrylamide was 1500 mg l–1 whereas growth was completely inhibited at 2000 mg l–1. At 500 mg l–1, the strain MBH completely degraded acrylamide on day 5. Acrylic acid as a metabolite was detected in the media. Strain MBH23 grew well between pH 6.0 and 8.0 and between 27 and 30 °C. Amides such as 2‐chloroacetamide, methacrylamide, nicotinamide, acrylamide, acetamide, and propionamide supported growth. Toxi... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473991 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473990&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100383 AbstractColony radial growth rates and specific growth rates of three related Ashbya gossypii strains ATCC10895, IMI31268, MUCL29450 and an unrelated strain, CBS109.26, were measured on various carbon and nitrogen sources at pH 4.5 and pH 6.5 to elucidate physiological growth requirements and strain differences. All strains grew on yeast extract or ammonium as nitrogen sources, but not on nitrate. Substantial growth at pH 4.5 was observed only on complex medium. D‐Glucose, glycerol and starch were utilised as carbon sources. Ethanol was produced during growth on glycerol. Conversion of xylose into xylitol demonstrates that the xylose reductase is active. Phenotypic differences between related strains were greater than expected. We demonstrate that A. gossypii utilizes ammonium as sole ni... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473990 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473990 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473989&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100241 AbstractAndisol in farmland located in Hokkaido, Japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (N2O) during the spring to summer seasons. Using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. A total of thirty‐three soil samples from the farmland showed high N2O production potential, of which the maximum level of N2O emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml–1 d–1) in the assay system. However, only three eubacteria (Leptothrix sp., Paenibacillus sp., and Streptomyces sp.) were isolated as culturable N2O emitters among a total of 92 bacterial isolates and 2 fungi obtained from the assayed soil suspensions. N2O production from all the isolated N2O emitters was more active ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473989 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473989 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473988&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100272 AbstractThis work evaluates the antifungal activity of two essential oil components against 28 clinical isolates (17 sensitive, 11 resistant) and 3 standard laboratory strains of Candida. Growth of the organisms was significantly effected in both solid and liquid media at different test compound concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Isoeugenol (compound 1) against 31 strains of Candida ranged 100–250 μg/ml and those of o ‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde (compound 2) ranged 200–500 μg/ml, respectively. Insight studies to mechanism suggested that these compounds exert antifungal activity by targeting H+‐ATPase located in the membranes of pathogenic Candida species. At their respective MIC90 average inhibition of H+‐efflux for standard, clinical and resistant isol... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473988 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473988 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473987&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100407 AbstractA very simple, novel, cost effective, easy to use technique has been developed for the collection of root exudates from small seeded plants, under laboratory conditions. 200–1000 μl micro tips (Tarsons), kept in 100 ml glass beakers, were used as holders for the small seeds of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and the exudates were trapped in liquid culture medium. The exudates, so obtained, were authenticated and analyzed for organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids and organic acids, as well as chemotactic response towards rhizobacteria. Method was found to be suitable and easy to handle for small seeds. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473987 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473986&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100253 AbstractBacteria in a biofilm have a co‐dependent lifestyle resulting in a harmonized and complex coordination of the bacterial cells within an exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix. We hypothesized that biofilm formation and EPS production in salt‐tolerant bacteria are helpful for plant growth improvement in saline soil, but that they are influenced differently. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested the effect of different salinity levels on the biofilm formation of the bacterial strains PAa6 (Halomonas meridiana), HT2 (Kushneria indalinina) and ST2 (Halomonas aquamarina) on different abiotic and biotic surfaces. Maximum biofilm formation was established at 1 M salt concentration. However, EPS production was maximal at 0–1 M NaCl stress. We also studied the effect of salt stress on EPS... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473986 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473985&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100255 AbstractSwainsonine is a polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid having anticancer, antimetastatic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities and also potential therapeutic applications against AIDS. In the present study, ten isolates of M. anisopliae were screened and enzyme assayed for the production of swainsonine in different media (Complex oatmeal, Czapekdox media with and without lysine (8% w/v) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB)). Among these strains, ARSEF 1724 (UM8) was found to produce highest amount of swainsonine (1.34 μg/l) after 72 h of incubation under shake flask conditions at 180 rpm and 28 °C in complex oatmeal media. In order to maximize the yield of swainsonine the media composition including macro and micronutrients were optimized. The process variables includ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473985 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473984&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100405 AbstractThe yeast strains VKM Y‐2977 and VKM Y‐2978, derived from the isolate Pa‐202, were examined for their physiological properties and mycocin sensitivities and studied by light, phase‐contrast, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cells of the first strain produced long stalk‐like conidiophores, whereas the cells of the second one had the appearance of a typical budding yeast under the light microscope. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of stalk‐like conidiophores and long necks in VKM Y‐2977, similar in appearance to Fellomyces fuzhouensis. The actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and nuclei were similar as well, but due to presence of a capsule, they were not clearly visible. The second isolate, VKM Y‐2978, had... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473984 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473984 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473983&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100425 AbstractThe present work investigated the effects of environmental factors on the growth of fungal colonies of the white‐rot basidiomycetes Physisporinus vitreus using a lattice‐free discrete modeling approach called the fungal growth model (FGM), in which hyphae and nutrients are considered as discrete structures. A discrete modeling approach enables the underlying mechanistic rule concerning the basic architecture and dynamics of fungal networks to be studied on the scale of a single colony. By comparing simulations of the FGM with laboratory experiments of fungal colonies growing on malt extract agar we show that the combined effects of water activity, temperature and pH on the radial growth rate of fungal mycelia on the macroscopic scale may be explained by a power law for the cost... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473983 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473983 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473982&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100308 AbstractErgosterol is the main component of the fungal membrane and is not found in plants or other microbial cells. Therefore, it can be a useful biomarker for the quantification of fungal biomass. We are now reporting the first isolation and characterisation of ergosterol from the mycelium of G. boninense. The ergosterol structure was detected by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and confirmed with Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473982 Mon, 05 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5473982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483944&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190015 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483944 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483943&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190014 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483943 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483943 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5483942&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190013 AbstractNMR solution structure of the antifungal protein PAF (pdb code: 2kcn). (The figure was generated by Ádám Fizil and Gyula Batta, Debrecen, Hungary) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5483942 Thu, 01 Dec 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5483942 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376612&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100249 AbstractVibrio alginolyticus, one of the most important opportunistic pathogens, can be detected in human being and marine animals. Like other bacteria, V. alginolyticus is able to adapt to a variety of stressful environmental changes. The alternate sigma factor RpoS, which is a regulator during stationary phase, plays an important role in surviving under these stressful situations in many bacteria. Sequence analysis reveals a 990 bp open reading frame which is predicted to encode a 330‐amino‐acid protein with 68% to 96% overall identity to other reported sequences. To study the function of rpoS, the rpoS gene of V. alginolyticus VIB283 was cloned and an rpoS mutant was constructed by homologous recombination. Comparison of the study result of the wild type and the mutant showed that t... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376612 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376611&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100018 AbstractA newly isolated alkalitolerant basidiomycetous fungus, identified as Crinipellis sp. RCK‐1 was observed to produce laccase. The effect of different physicochemical factors on laccase production was studied. The identification of the important factors (initial pH of the medium, copper and tryptophan) with simple screening experiment involving optimization using single factor at a time strategy, was followed by application of complex response surface design for further maximizing the laccase production and was helpful in defining the effects and interactions of the physiological and nutritional factors. The statistical optimization by response surface methodology resulted in a 27.0‐fold (619.9 U ml–1) increase in the production of laccase from Crinipellis sp. RCK‐1 when comp... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376611 Fri, 04 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376623&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100158 AbstractCandida albicans supernatants contain a mixture of autoregulatory alcohols. In vitro, when added individually or in combination, these alcohols inhibit the yeast to filamentous form conversion. Here we evaluate the in vivo effect of the exogenous administration of a Cocktail solution simulating the composition of alcohols present in a C. albicans culture supernatant (1 ml; 94 μmol l–1 isoamyl alcohol, 70 μmol l–1 2‐phenylethanol, 3.2 n mol l–1 E ‐nerolidol, and 18 n mol l–1 E,E ‐farnesol) using the well established murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Mice injected intraperitoneally with the Cocktail solution demonstrated increased survival and decreased organ fungal burden compared to control mice. Histological observations suggest that the Cock... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376623 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376622&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100150 AbstractWe investigated changes in bacterial communities of the sediment in a large, shallow, eutrophic, freshwater Lake Taihu, China, during typhoon Morakot (August 7 to 13, 2009). Based on cluster analysis of the DGGE banding patterns, bacterial communities in different sediment samples were very similar to each other. However, samples from the middle period of the typhoon were different from those of the early and late periods of the typhoon. Two bacterial groups, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae, rapidly appeared or increased in the sediment samples of the middle period of the typhoon, due to the strong turbulence in the water column caused by typhoon resulted in the exchange of surface sediment with a high level of organic matter with the water column, and severe disturbance to the anaer... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376622 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376621&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100250 AbstractAn Agrobacterium tumefaciens ‐mediated transformation (ATMT) system was successfully developed for Colletotrichum truncatum, the causal agent of chili anthracnose. A. tumefaciens carrying a hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) and a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was used to transform the conidiospores of two C. truncatum pathotypes F8‐3B and BRIP26974. Optimum transformation efficiency was obtained when equal volumes of A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 carrying either pJF1 or pPK2 binary vector was used to transform C. truncatum conidiospores at 106/ml and co‐cultivated at 24 °C for three days. Southern blot analysis indicated that 87.5% of the transformants contained randomly inserted, single copies of the T‐DNA. Infection and colonisation of chili fruit at the matur... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376621 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376620&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100211 This study investigated the effects of long‐term fertilization on the diversity of bacterial mercuric reductase gene (merA), which specify the reduction of ionic Hg2+ to the volatile elemental form Hg0, in an agricultural soil with relatively high Hg content. The soil samples were collected from different treatments, including control without fertilizer (CK), fertilizer nitrogen (N), combined fertilizers (NPK) of N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and NPK plus organic manure (NPK + OM). The merA gene diversity patterns were analyzed based on the merA clone libraries and sequencing measurements. Results showed that the merA gene diversity was influenced by soil variables depending on the fertilization practices. In particular, NH4+ and NO3– contents had strong effect on the merA gene ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376620 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376619&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100207 AbstractRNA interference (RNAi)‐based short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the viral genes and the host cellular genes have been used to suppress Measles virus (MV) replication in vitro. In order to select suitable target genes and highly effective target sites for developing effective RNAi‐mediated anti‐MV therapy, in this study, nine short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors, which expressed siRNAs targeting the host celluar Rab9 GTPase gene, the viral large protein (L) gene and nucleoprotein (N) gene, respectively, were constructed and used to compare their ability to inhibit MV replication in Vero‐E6 cells. The results showed that nine siRNAs targeting different genes exhibited different inhibitory efficacy on MV replication in vitro (about 23–94%), which could last a... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376619 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376618&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100204 AbstractThe incubation of whole Bacillus alcalophilus cells grown on a mineral supplemented medium (MSM) containing 1% (w/v) sucrose as carbon source, 1.2% (w/v) tryptone as nitrogen source at pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C in 24 h kinetically resolved benzyl glycidyl ether (1 mg/ml) to provide (S)‐benzyl glycidyl ether with 30% ee and (R)‐3‐benzyloxypropane‐1,2‐diol with 40% ee. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376618 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376617&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100188 AbstractBordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, attaches to mucosal surfaces in upper respiratory tract, where it produces, a variety of surface‐associated and secreted molecules. Among various secreted products, some of the proteins belonging to autotransporter family; pertactin (Prn), bordetella resistance to killing (BrkA) and a newly identified member, bordetella autotransporter protein‐C (BapC), are investigated in this study for their adherence potential to various respiratory and non‐respiratory tract specific cell lines. Our results reveal that BapC and Prn mutants adhere significantly less (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05) respectively to human non‐respiratory (HeLa‐229) and murine macrophages (P‐388 D‐1) cells compared to their wild‐type strains... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376617 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376617 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376616&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100121 AbstractA novel molybdate‐reducing bacterium, tentatively identified as Klebsiella sp. strain hkeem and based on partial 16s rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, has been isolated. Strain hkeem produced 3 times more molybdenum blue than Serratia sp. strain Dr.Y8; the most potent Mo‐reducing bacterium isolated to date. Molybdate was optimally reduced to molybdenum blue using 4.5 mM phosphate, 80 mM molybdate and using 1% (w/v) fructose as a carbon source. Molybdate reduction was optimum at 30 °C and at pH 7.3. The molybdenum blue produced from cellular reduction exhibited absorption spectrum with a maximum peak at 865 nm and a shoulder at 700 nm. Inhibitors of electron transport system such as antimycin A, rotenone, sodium azide, and potassium cyanide did not inhibit the mol... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376616 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376616 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376615&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100295 AbstractBiosurfactants of rhamnolipids have been enthusiastically investigated for substitutes of synthetic agrochemicals against plant pathogens. However, all such studies have been conducted on rhamnolipids with high purity which have limitations due to high costs. This paper focused on the applicability of rhamnolipid‐containing cell‐free culture broth. It was found that rhamnolipids in cell‐free culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJU211 were largely composed of di‐rhamnolipid and mono‐rhamnolipid with the ratio varying with culture time. After 96 h of fermentation, the mass ratio of di‐rhamnolipid over mono‐rhamnolipid increased to 2.6:1. Crude rhamnolipids in a form of cell‐free culture broth showed high antifungal activity against colony growth and biomass accumu... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376615 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376615 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376614&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100265 AbstractThe full‐length cDNA of a Na+‐dependent Pi transport gene (DsSPT1) in Dunaliella salina was cloned by 3′ and 5′ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 716 predicted amino acids, which exhibited 60.5% identity to that of Na+‐dependent Pi transport 1 (DvSPT1) from Dunaliella viridis. Hydrophobicity and secondary structure prediction revealed 11 conserved transmembrane domains similar to those found in DvSPT1 from D. viridis and PHO89 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The result of real‐time quantitative PCR showed that expression level of DsSPT1 was enhanced at first and reached its peak at 90 min after salt stress; however, D. salina cells rapidly absorbed extracellular inorganic phosphorus which was determined by Inductively Coup... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376614 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376613&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100262 AbstractXylanases catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, a major hemicellulose component of cell wall besides cellulose in most plant species. To extract cellulose fibers, it will be invaluable to screen for more effective xylanase‐producing microorganisms. In this paper a new strategy for easy screening of xylanase‐producing strains from the degumming line was presented. Using this strategy, a weak‐acidic, cellulase‐free xylanase from Bacillus subtilis has been isolated, purified and characterized. The xylanase showed high specific activity (36,633.4 U/mg), presented stable characteristics and can be separated and purified simply, with molecular weight 23.3 kD, pI 9.63. It reached its optimal activity at pH 5.8 and 60 °C, and retained over 80% of its maximal activity after pre‐incub... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376613 Thu, 03 Nov 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294079&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000408 In this study, Cd resistance (cadR) gene was characterized from the environmental isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa BC15. The cadR sequences showed high homology with P. aeruginosa FLH033011 (100%), P. aeruginosa PAO1 (99%), and P. aeruginosa UCBPP‐PA14 (98%) respectively. Homology modeling of cadR was carried out by using swiss‐prot server. Crystal structures of E. coli CueR for Cu (1q05) and ZntR (1q08) for Zn have been used as a template. The sequence identity of P. aeruginosa cadR shares 34% for CueR and 43% for ZntR. Fold recognition of P. aeruginosa cadR was created by using PHYRE web server. Transcriptional regulator CueR (1q06a) from E. coli was chosen as the template. CadR has 31% identity and the estimated precision was 100%. The cadR gene was cloned in pET30b and transformed in... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294079 Thu, 06 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294079 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5473981&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100365 In this study, we identified a TAA from A. pleuropneumoniae, Apa, and characterized the contribution of its amino acid residues to the adhesion process. Sequence analysis of the C‐terminal amino acid residues of Apa revealed the presence of a putative translocator domain and six conserved HsfBD1‐like or HsfBD2‐like binding domains. Western blot analysis revealed that the 126 C‐terminal amino acids of Apa could form trimeric molecules. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, one of these six domains (ApaBD3) was determined to mediate adherence to epithelial cells. Adherence assays and adherence inhibition assays using a recombinant E. coli‐ ApaBD3 strain which expressed ApaBD3 on the surface of E. coli confirmed that this domain was responsible for the adhesion activity. Moreover, ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5473981 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5473981 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5376610&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100268 AbstractA biosurfactant‐producing bacterium (Staphylococcus sp. strain 1E) was isolated from an Algerian crude oil contaminated soil. Biosurfactant production was tested with different carbon sources using the surface tension measurement and the oil displacement test. Olive oil produced the highest reduction in surface tension (25.9 dynes cm–1). Crude oil presented the best substrate for 1E biosurfactant emulsification activity. The biosurfactant produced by strain 1E reduced the growth medium surface tension below 30 dynes cm–1. This reduction was also obtained in cell‐free filtrates. Biosurfactant produced by strain 1E showed stability in a wide range of pH (from 2 to 12), temperature (from 4 to 55 °C) and salinity (from 0 to 300 g l–1) variations. The biosurfactant produced b... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5376610 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5376610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311613&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190012 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311613 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5311612&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190011 AbstractSurface colonization of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae GS1, on rice roots in a non‐sterile soil environment. E. cloacae GS1 was tagged with green fluorescent protein and its colonization behavior on the rhizoplane was studied. (Photo: Paramasamy Gunasekaran and Manoharan Shankar, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5311612 Sat, 01 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5311612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257735&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100095 AbstractPhosphatase Producing Bacteria (PPB) and Inorganic Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (IPSB) are important to reef nutrition. These microbes and phosphate concentration play a significant role in the productivity of coral reef ecosystems. A study was conducted in Gulf of Mannar coral reef ecosystem to understand the diversity of these groups of bacteria and their competence in mineralizing the phosphate. The PPB isolates were identified under six genera i.e. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Vibrio, Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium. Likewise, the IPSB isolates were also identified that belong to six genera i.e. Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Flavomonas and Micrococcus. Among the PPB and IPSB strains, Bacillus represented more number of species than others. PPB e... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257735 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257734&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100063 AbstractLarge numbers of bacterial and fungal endophytes have been reported from different plant tissues: roots, nodules, leaves, flowers and sprouts of legumes, with numbers ranging from few to more than 150. Endophytes can accelerate seedling emergence, promote plant establishment under adverse conditions and enhance plant growth. Endophytic microbes promote plant growth by helping plants in acquiring nutrients, e.g. via nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization or iron chelation, by preventing pathogen infections via antifungal or antibacterial agents, by outcompeting pathogens for nutrients by siderophore production, or by establishing the plant's systemic resistance. Further growth promotion is affected by producing phytohormones such as auxin or cytokinin, or by producing the enzym... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257734 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257733&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100232 AbstractA fluorescent pseudomonad strain P3(4) showing chitinolysis on chitinase detection agar and antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp dianthi causing vascular wilt of carnation was isolated from pea rhizosphere soil. PCR primers specific for glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5) of Pseudomonas putida isolate KT2440 amplified a 947 bp fragment of the GH5 gene from P3(4). Cloning of this gene into Escherichia coli M15 using an expression vector pQE‐30UA and screening on chitin and chitosan detection agar identified one positive clone (Pchi+). Sequence analysis of the cloned insert revealed an open reading frame of 947 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 315 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38.0 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame (gene pr... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257733 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257733 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257732&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100185 AbstractIn spite of its central importance in research efforts, the relationship between seawater compounds and bacterial luminescence has not previously been investigated in detail. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and anions (Cl–, HCO3–, CO32–, and NO3–) on the induction of both inorganic (sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate) and organic (l‐cysteine and l‐cystine) sulfur‐dependent luminescence in Vibrio fischeri. We found that HCO3– (bicarbonate) and CO32– (carbonate), in the form of various compounds, had a stimulatory effect on sulfur‐dependent luminescence. The luminescence induced by bicarbonate was further promoted by the addition of magnesium. Potassium also increased sulfur‐dependent luminescence when su... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257732 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257731&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100184 AbstractThe need to identify the source of fecal contamination of water has led to the development of various fecal source identification methods, a field known as microbial source tracking (MST). One promising method of MST focuses on fecal members of the order Bacteroidales, some of which exhibit a high degree of host‐specificity. In order to identify host‐specific Bacteroidales genetic markers, a ∼1060 bp section of Bacteroidales 16S rDNA was amplified from human sewage (n = 6), and bovine (n = 6) and ovine fecal (n = 5) samples and used for the generation of three clone libraries. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the three clone libraries revealed that the Bacteroidales species found in both human sewage and bovine and ovine feces were a highly diverse group of organisms, ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257731 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257730&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100175 AbstractThe Great Salt Plains (GSP) of Oklahoma is a natural inland terrestrial hypersaline environment that forms evaporite crusts of mainly NaCl. Previous work described GSP bacterial assemblages through the phylogenetic and phenetic characterization of 105 isolates from 46 phylotypes. The current report describes the same bacterial assemblages through culture‐independent 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Although from similar hypersaline mud flats, the bacterial libraries from two sites, WP3 and WP6, were quite different. The WP3 library was dominated by cyanobacteria, mainly Cyanothece and Euhalothece. The WP6 library was rich in anaerobic sulfur‐cycle organisms, including abundant Desulfuromonas. This pattern likely reflects differences in abiotic factors, such as frequency of floodi... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257730 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257729&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100157 AbstractMicroorganisms being eco‐friendly and encompassing special features are widely employed in the biosynthesis of different metal nanoparticles (NPs). In the present study, the potential of different fungal strains has been explored for the synthesis of various morphologies of gold nanostructures. Preliminary confirmation of nanosized particles formation has been done with visual observation as the synthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited a variety of colours covering whole visible spectra. Crystallographic and morphological characterization of synthesized nano‐materials associated with different fungal strains have been done using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nanoparticles morphology dependence on different fungal strains has been studied ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257729 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257728&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100145 AbstractA Trichoderma saturnisporum Hamill isolate GITX‐Panog (C) exhibiting strong chitinolytic and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, the causal agent of vascular wilt in carnation was used to purify extracellular chitobiosidase using Czapek‐Dox broth amended with the fungal mycelium as the carbon source. The protein was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, followed by DEAE‐Cellulose anion‐exchange and Sephacryl S‐200 high resolution gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS‐PAGE, with an estimated molecular mass of 24 kDa. In native gel assay with 4‐methylumbelliferyl ‐N,N ′ diacetyl‐β‐D‐chitobioside (4‐Mu‐(GluNAc)2, the purified chitobiosidase was visualized as single fluorescent ba... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257728 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257727&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100113 This study first time confirms the ACC deaminase activity in the Enterobacter cancerogenus on the preliminary basis. Several bacterial plant growth‐promoting mechanisms were analyzed and detected like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, IAA production, GA3 (gibberellic acid) production and ACC deaminase activity in the isolated cultures. Isolates were grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate their ACC deaminase activity and the effect of pH, temperature, salt, metals and substrate concentration after the partial purification of enzyme by ion exchange chromatography. The FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FT‐IR) spectra were recorded for the confirmation of α‐ketobutyrate production. By using lineweaver Burk plot Km and Vmax value for ACC deaminase of both the organism... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257727 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257726&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100109 In conclusion, modulation of membrane permeability may be involved in the induction of arsenite–mediated expression of multiple antibiotic resistance in Y. enterocolitica. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257726 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257726 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257725&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100097 AbstractThe endosymbiotic relationship could represent for many bacteria an important condition favouring their spread in the environment and in foods. For this purpose we studied the behaviour of some food‐borne and opportunistic pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica) when internalized in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Our results confirm the capability of the bacteria tested to grow within amoebal hosts. We can observe two types of interactions of the bacteria internalized in A. polyphaga. The first type, showed by Y. enterocolitica and A. hydrophila, was characterized by an early replication, probably followed by the killing and digestion of the bacteria. The seco... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257725 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257725 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257724&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100077 This study investigates the prevailing microbial communities during the composting of vegetable waste, cattle manure and saw dust, in a household (250 l) batch scale Rotary Drum composter and Windrow Pile. Physico‐chemical parameters were analyzed to study the organic matter transformations. Total organic matter reduced from 63.8% to 36.2% in rotary drum and 39.6% in windrow pile composting. The C/N ratio decreased from 26.52 to 8.89 and 14.33 in rotary drum and windrow pile composting. The indigenous population of total heterotrophic bacteria decreased in rotary drum and windrow pile composting after 20 days. However, total fungal load initially increased within initial 4 days, then subsequently reduced in final composts. The average number of fecal coliforms and fecal Streptococci show... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257724 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257723&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100068 AbstractExtracellular proteinase formation in carbon depleted cultures of the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was studied to elucidate its regulation and possible physiological function. As demonstrated by gene deletion, culture optimization, microbial physiological and enzymological experiments, the PrtA and PepJ proteinases of A. nidulans did not appear to play a decisive role in the autolytic decomposition of fungal cells under the conditions we tested. However, carbon starvation induced formation of the proteinases observable in autolytic cultures. Similar to other degradative enzymes, production of proteinase was regulated by FluG‐BrlA asexual developmental signaling and modulated by PacC‐dependent pH‐responsive signaling. Under the same carbon starved culture cond... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257723 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257722&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100058 AbstractA study of symbiotic bacteria from traditional agricultural legumes from Central Spain was performed to create a collection of rhizobia from soils differing in physicochemical, analytical and/or agroecological properties which could be well‐adapted to the environmental conditions of this region, and be used for sustainable agricultural practices. Thirty‐six isolates were obtained from root‐nodules of fifteen legume species (including Cicer arietinum, Lathyrus sativus, Lens culinaris, Lupinus spp., Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Vicia spp.) from three agriculture areas with soils of different pHs and from a forest area with undisturbed soils. Phenotypical characterization revealed uniformity across the thirty‐six isolates, with important exceptions i... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257722 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257722 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257721&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000528 AbstractA thermotolerant white‐rot fungus was identified as Fomes sp. EUM1. The strain exhibited maximum growth at 30 °C, with activation and inactivation energy values of 68 and 32 kJ/mol, respectively. The temperature affected the hyphal morphology, which was related to the thermotolerance of the microorganism: A shift from 30 to 40 °C in the growth temperature caused a decrease (15%) in mycelium branching; also longer (32%) and thinner (13%) hyphae were produced. In addition, as the temperature rose from 25 to 45 °C, an increase was observed in both the hyphal surface area (43%) and the surface growth rate (193%). The modification of the hyphal morphology suggests a strategy to colonize nutrient‐rich areas while spending minimal energy for biomass formation under thermal stress. ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257721 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294078&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100133 AbstractContamination by heavy metals is one of the major environmental problems in many countries and these contaminants reach from various sources such as traffic cars and other activities. Soil and phylloplane samples were collected from eight traffic and two non‐traffic sites in Sohag city, Egypt. Heavy metal contents of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ of soil and phylloplane samples were determined and revealed high levels of Zn2+ and Pb2+ in traffic samples. A total of 112 bacterial and 62 fungal isolates were obtained from soil and phylloplane. Bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, physicochemical and biochemical characteristics; and 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fungal isolates were identified according to morphological characterization. Minimal inhibitory concentra... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294078 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5294078 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5257720&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100163 Abstractα ‐L‐Rhamnosidases (EC 3.2.1.40) and β ‐D‐glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) obtained from several microbial sources are potential catalysts in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the enzyme preparations currently used have limitations related to the stability and activity of the enzyme as well to their reuse. A microtiter screening was carried out in 55 fungal strains isolated from alkaline soils, to obtain active α ‐L‐rhamnosidases and β ‐D‐glucosidases at pH 9.0. While α ‐L‐rhamnosidase activity was detected in 45% of the strains tested, β ‐D‐glucosidase activity was found only in 27%. Based on the fungal ability to produce α ‐L‐rhamnosidase activity, cultures were supplemented with naringin to study the activities of the enzymes an... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5257720 Mon, 01 Aug 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5257720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106253&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190010 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106253 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5106252&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190009 AbstractGeothermal field at the Parco delle Biancane in Tuscany (Italy). From this area, characterized by superheated steam emission and enriched in arsenic, Cuebas et al. have isolated a Geobacillus strain highly resistant to arsenic compounds and antimony. (Photo: Elisabetta Bini, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5106252 Sun, 31 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5106252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048887&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000491 In this study, a bacterial strain, designated H10, was isolated from the rhizosphere at Laixi in Shandong Province, China, and was identified as Ochrobactrum haematophilum based on API 20 NE tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The plant growth‐promoting characteristics of the strain were further characterized, and the results showed that strain H10 produces siderophore, indol‐3‐acetic (IAA) and solubilized phosphate but lacks 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Inoculation with the strain was found to significantly increase (p < 0.05) the growth of cucumber in pot experiments. Strain H10 was assessed in vitro for antagonism against several pathogenic fungi and showed high antifungal activity. The cell‐free culture filtrates, which had high ex... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048887 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048886&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000455 AbstractFusarium wilt [Fusarium oxysporum (Sch1.) f.sp. cucumerinum Owen.] is a major soil‐borne disease of cucumber worldwide, and can cause huge yield losses. Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber has received considerable attention. Many bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, are known to produce secondary metabolites synthesized by Polyketide synthases (PKSs) with a diverse range of biological activities.Ketosynthase (KS) gene diversity was analyzed in samples which were collected from rhizosphere soil of both diseased cucumber and healthy cucumber in Dalian, China. The phylogenetic analysis amino acid (AA) sequences indicated that the KS genes in the rhizosphere soil samples were clustered into diverse seven clades, including Sorangium cellulosum, Anabaena variabilis, Nosto... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048886 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048885&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100041 AbstractThe β‐lactam producing filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum secretes a 6.25 kDa small molecular mass antifungal protein, PAF, which has a highly stable, compact 3D structure and is effective against a wide spectrum of plant and zoo pathogenic fungi. Its precise physiological functions and mode of action need to be elucidated before considering possible biomedical, agricultural or food technological applications. According to some more recent experimental data, PAF plays an important role in the fine‐tuning of conidiogenesis in Penicillium chrysogenum. PAF triggers apoptotic cell death in sensitive fungi, and cell death signaling may be transmitted through two‐component systems, heterotrimeric G protein coupled signal transduction and regulatory networks as well as via ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048885 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048884&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100137 AbstractThe main goal of this work was to examine whether the continuous exposure of single and binary P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms to sub‐lethal benzalkonium chloride (BC) doses can induce adaptive response of bacteria. Biofilms were formed during 24 h and then put continuously in contact with BC for more 5 days. The six‐day‐old adapted biofilms were then submitted to BC challenge, characterized and inspected by SEM. Both single and binary adapted biofilms have clearly more biomass, polysaccharides and proteins and less activity even though the number of cells was identical. After BC treatment, adapted biofilms maintained their mass and activity. SEM examination revealed that those adapted biofilms had a slimier and denser matrix that became thicker after BC treatment. Continu... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048884 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048883&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100134 AbstractA number of bacterial strains were isolated from the internal tissue of Trapa japonica. Of these, strain KPE62302H, which had a 16S rDNA sequence identical to that of Streptomyces miharaensis showed antifungal activity against several plant pathogens. Treatment of seeds with strain KPE62302H induced a significant reduction in the incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato plants compared with untreated controls. An antifungal substance (FP‐1) was purified from the culture extract of strain KPE62302H using C18 flash and Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Extensive spectrometric analysis using MS and NMR identified this as filipin III. FP‐1 inhibited the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria mali, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloe... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048883 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048882&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100082 AbstractStreptococcus iniae is a major pathogen that causes sever economic losses in tilapia aquaculture. A set of four specific primers was designed by targeting lctO gene. With Bst DNA polymerase, the target DNA can be clearly amplified for 60 min at 64 °C in a simple water bath. The sensitivity of the LAMP assay for the detection of S. iniae is about 12.4 cells per reaction in both of pure cultures and added fish tissues cultures. LAMP products could be judged with agar gel or naked eye after addition of SYBR Green I. There were no cross‐reactions with other bacterial strains indicating high specificity of the LAMP. The LAMP method was also applied to detect S. iniae ‐infected tilapia tissues effectively. The LAMP assay reported here indicates the potential usefulness of the techni... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048882 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048882 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048881&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100073 AbstractA facultatively anaerobic, Gram‐negative, mesophilic, moderately halotolerant, non‐motile, and non‐sporulated bacterium, designated strain BSC5 was isolated from an off‐shore “Sercina” oil field, located near the Kerkennah island, Tunisia. Yeast extract was not required for growth. Phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BSC5 revealed that it was related to members of the genus Klebsiella, being most closely related to the type strain of K. oxytoca (99% sequence similarity). Strain BSC5 was capable of using aerobically the crude oil as substrate growth. The growth of strain BSC5 on crude oil was followed by measuring the OD600 nm and by enumeration of viable cells at different culture's time. GC‐MS analysis showed t... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048881 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048880&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100071 Abstract40‐O ‐[2‐Hydroxyethyl]rapamycin (RAD), a novel derivative of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, was analyzed for its immunomodulatory influence during the interaction of human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC) with Aspergillus fumigatus. RAD is clinically used to prevent graft‐versus ‐host disease as well as solid organ and bone marrow transplant rejection. However, it may constitute a risk factor for the development of opportunistic infections, such as invasive aspergillosis which is mainly caused by the most common airborne fungal pathogen A. fumigatus. moDC were generated in the presence or absence of RAD. In this setting, RAD had various modulating effects on the immune function of DC. A decrease of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐12, TNF‐�... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048880 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048879&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100067 AbstractEvery organism can be characterized by the amino acid composition of its proteome. So far it was assumed that these compositions are determined by the GC content of the DNA or, in some cases, by extreme lifestyles, like thermophily or halophily. Here, we focussed our analysis on eight amino acids, each of which is encoded by both, GC and AT rich codons, to identify finer amino acid patterns beyond the GC dominance. We investigated the conceptually translated proteomes of 1029 bacterial and archaeal strains with sequenced genomes for amino acid composition. Using correspondence analysis, we found that phylogenetic groups within bacteria and archaea generally can be discriminated from other groups due to their amino acid composition. In some cases, single organisms, e.g. Treponema pa... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048879 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048878&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100060 AbstractThis paper reports the application of experimental design methodology for the optimization of decolourization of azo reactive textile dye Remazol Red RR and reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using fungal isolate Aspergillus foetidus. Response surface methodology (RSM), involving central composite design matrix in three most important input variables; temperature, pH and initial dye concentration was employed. A total of 20 experiments were conducted in the study towards the construction of a quadratic model. This demonstrated the benefits of approach in achieving excellent predictions, while minimizing the number of experiments required. Very high regression coefficient between the variables and the responses indicated excellent evaluation of experimental data. Under optimi... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048878 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048877&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100053 AbstractFungal infection of barley and malt, particularly by the Fusarium species, is a direct cause of spontaneous overfoaming of beer, referred to as gushing. We have shown previously that small fungal proteins, hydrophobins, act as gushing‐inducing factors in beer. The aim of our present study was to isolate and characterize hydrophobins from a gushing‐active fungus, Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae) and related species. We generated profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs) for the hydrophobin classes Ia, Ib and II from the multiple sequence alignments of their known members available in public domain databases. We searched the published Fusarium graminearum genome with the Markov models. The best matching sequences and the corresponding genes were isolated from F... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048877 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048876&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100050 AbstractThe propionyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (PACD) gene was cloned from Candida rugosa by the cDNA RACE technique. The full cDNA of the PACD gene has a length of 1408 bp, which contains a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1329 bp, coding for 442 amino acids. The cDNA of PACD was cloned into the expression plasmid pPIC9K and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography, and its size was observed to be approximately 49 kDa as estimated by SDS‐PAGE. Anti‐His antibodies were used to characterise the recombinant PACD by western‐blot analysis. The recombinant protein retained the activity of catalysing propionyl‐CoA to acryloyl‐CoA. The results of dot‐blotting hybridisation using a PACD cDNA probe indicated that the... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048876 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048875&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100042 AbstractMost bacterial strains accumulate intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules as an energy reservoir, in response to fluctuations in their microenvironment. Flow cytometry was applied for the analysis of single cells of Ralstonia pickettii AR1 in response to changes in the culture conditions. Two parameters, the PHB production‐related FL2 and side scatter (SSC) parameters, were used to monitor, distinguish and characterize different subpopulations in the growth and PHB production phases. A high SSC level was observed in the mid‐log exponential growth phase. When the nitrogen source reached a limiting level, the SSC started to decrease, in contrast to the intracellular PHB granules‐related FL2 parameter. The results show that ammonium limitation is a critical and importan... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048875 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048874&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100033 AbstractIn the current study, a GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens producing 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) designated as B10‐127 was isolated in our lab. The strain B10‐127 produced 2,3‐BD effectively under the condition of 20% glucose (quality concentration), showed a high‐glucose tolerance. The effects of initial glucose concentration, temperature, pH and agitation on 2,3‐BD production were investigated in this work and the proper parameters were identified. Accordingly, the fed‐batch culture of B10‐127 in larger scales (5 l) showed a remarkable 2,3‐BD producing potency. The maximum 2,3‐BD concentration reached 92.3 g/l at 96 h with a 2,3‐BD productivity of 0.96 g/l h. To our knowledge, the results were new records on 2,3‐BD ferme... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048874 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048873&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100014 AbstractThe sdhB gene, encoding the iron‐sulfur protein (Ip) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh, EC 1.3.99.1), has been cloned from the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa, and characterized. The promoter region contains a CCAAT box, TATA‐like box, and CT‐rich region. The gene is interrupted by eight introns and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 291 amino acid residues. The putative amino acid sequence of the encoded product of sdhB gene from H. mompa shows high homology to the other known sdhB genes and is 79% identical to the Ip subunit of SdhB of Uromyces fabae. Three cysteine‐rich clusters associated with the iron‐sulfur centers involved in electron transport were particularly well conserved. One of these clusters contains a critical histidine residue impl... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048873 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048873 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048872&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000536 AbstractAspergillus sp. (MTCC 5436), isolated from contaminated clarified butter was used as a whole cell catalyst for transesterification of oils from different sources. The strain was observed to be tolerant and grow in 90% oil as carbon source. Oils of Jathropa, karanj and spent cottonseed were used as carbon sources in the study. The product, alkyl ester, was characterized and quantified using 1H‐NMR. The strain was observed to facilitate transesterification in an oil:minimal medium with the ratio of 70:30 resulting in a 98% conversion of oil to ethyl esters within 48 h at 28 °C and 120 rpm. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the ethyl ester (>98%) at 70% oil as carbon source were similar to the standards specified for biodiesel as per standards of American Society for Tes... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048872 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048872 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048871&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000517 AbstractAn alkaline serine protease produced by Bacillus megaterium RRM2 isolated from the red alga, Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva was studied for the first time and the same analyzed for the production of protease in the present study. Identification of the bacterium was done on the basis of both biochemical analysis and by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The extracellular protease obtained from B. megaterium RRM2 was purified by a three‐step process involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration (Sephadex G100) and Q‐Sepharose column chromatography. The purity was found to be 30.6‐fold with a specific activity of 3591.5 U/mg protein with a molecular weight of 27 kDa. The metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ marginally enhanced the activity of the purified enzyme wh... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048871 Wed, 20 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048871 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920495&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000348 AbstractMonochamus saltuarius is a vector for pine wilt disease that causes enormous damage to native pine trees in Korea. To develop a biological control method for this pine wilt disease vector, an entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from the cadaver of an adult M. saltuarius supporting fungal conidiation. This fungus was named MsW1 and identified as Beauveria bassiana by microscopic examination, PCR amplification using B. bassiana ‐specific primers and genetic sequencing of the ITS and EF1‐α regions. Virulence tests against M. saltuarius were conducted with conidial suspensions (1 × 108 conidia/ml) of B. bassiana MsW1 in laboratory conditions. The median lethal times (LT50) of adults and larvae were 7.2 and 7 days, and 100% mortality was observed at 11 and 13 days after inoculati... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920495 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920494&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000342 AbstractEnterobacter cloacae GS1 was isolated by in‐planta enrichment of a rice rhizoplane bacterial community. It displayed strong seed adherence ability (2.5 × 105 cfu/seed) and colonized rice roots reaching up to 1.65 × 109 cfu/g of fresh root weight in a gnotobiotic root colonization system. E. cloacae GS1 was motile, able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate, and produced indole acetic acid like substances (15 μg/ml). As an introduced bioinoculant in non‐sterile soil, E. cloacae GS1 colonized rice roots and significantly improved the fresh weight, root length, shoot length, and nitrogen content in inoculated rice seedlings as compared to uninoculated controls. This isolate was tagged with green fluorescent protein and various stages of root colonization in gnotobiotic hydroponic ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920494 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920493&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000242 AbstractIn this work, flow cytometry was utilized to analyze the initial vegetative growth of the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans as measured by the number of events increasing size and internal complexity. It was established the ideal parameters for the analysis of conidial populations, whose growth was followed after germination in glucose or sucrose. While glucose in culture increased growth several magnitudes in comparison to control cultures in saline, growth was less intense in cultures amended with sucrose. Results indicated that flow cytometry could be a useful tool to study fungal germination and initial growth since it allowed rapid identification of different populations by means of their increasing in size and granularity with good reproducibility and without the need for dir... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920493 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920492&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000155 AbstractThree endophytic actinomycetes strains recovered from surface sterilized root tissues of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), plants were selected through tests for their potential as bio‐control and plant growth promoting agents. It was also observed that the seed treated with the spore suspension of three selected strains of Streptomyces, significantly promoted plant growth and antagonized the growth of Alternaria alternata, causal agent of early blight disease in tomato plant. It was observed that the three selected strains prolifically produce IAA and siderophores that play vital role in promotion of plant growth and in suppression of Alternaria alternata. Interestingly, Streptomyces strain AzR‐051 produced the highest amount of IAA at 13.73 μmol ml–1, compared to st... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920492 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920491&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000446 AbstractMycobacteriophage L5 is a temperate phage infecting a broad range of mycobacterial species. Upon induction of lytic growth, L5 rapidly switches off host protein synthesis. We have recently identified the mycobacteriophage L5 early protein gp77 as a host shut‐off protein that acts growth inhibitory in the mycobacterial host when expressed through the corresponding phage promoter. Here we present data showing that this purified phage protein of unknown function specifically binds to protein MSMEG_3532 when incubated with cell lysates of Mycobacterium smegmatis. This interaction was confirmed by pull‐down assays using purified MSMEG_3532 as bait which co‐purified with gp77. The amino acid sequence of MSMEG_3532 is nearly identical to that of threonine dehydratases, serine dehydr... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920491 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920490&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100055 In this study, we investigated the requirement for sulfur in V. fischeri luminescence under nutrient‐starved conditions. Full induction of V. fischeri luminescence required MgSO4; in artificial seawater cultures that lacked sufficient MgSO4, its luminescence was not fully induced. This induction of luminescence was not dependent on autoinduction because the cell density of V. fischeri did not reach the critical threshold concentration. In addition to MgSO4, this cell density‐independent luminescence was induced or maintained by nontoxic concentrations of l‐cysteine, sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate. Moreover, the addition of N ‐3‐oxo‐hexanoyl homoserine lactone and N ‐octanoyl homoserine lactone, which are known autoinducers in V. fischeri, did not induce luminescence under ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920490 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920489&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100038 This study establishes that plant growth can be directly correlated with the associated bacterium's indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) production capability as IAA over‐expressing variants, SMp30 and SMΔi3‐6 fared better than the wild type strain. The auxin antagonist, p‐chlorophenoxy isobutyric acid confirmed the role of bacterial IAA in plant growth promotion and verified the presence of larger amount of IAA available to the seeds on inoculation with IAA over‐expressing mutants. Microscopic analysis identified the bacterial association at root tips, root‐shoot junction and elongation zone and their surface colonizing nature. Scanning electron microscopy identified larger number of root hairs and extensive exopolysaccharide covering in comparison to untreated ones. In addition, vib... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920489 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920488&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000479 AbstractTwo types of methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) were obtained from a novel marine methylotrophic bacterium, Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans MPT, grown on methanol. Type I MDH consisted of two identical dimers of α (65.98 kDa) and β (7.58 kDa) subunits organized to form the α2β2tetramer. Type II MDH contained an additional MxaJ protein (27.86 kDa) and had more specific activity than type I MDH. The Km values of type I and II MDH for methanol under cytochrome cL reduction assay system were estimated to be 50.3 and 13.0 μM, respectively, and the isoelectric points of type I and II MDH were determined to be 5.4 and 5.8, respectively. The average molar ratios of α:β, α:MxaJ, and β:MxaJ in type II MDH were approximately 1:0.99, 1:0.41 and 1:0.42, respectively. Based on these results, ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920488 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920487&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000461 AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is easily accumulated in the living organisms in connection with anthropogenic activities which may result in serious health problems. In the present study, five potential cadmium tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from industrial effluent with heavy metal contamination and were screened for biosorption potential with their active growth in different media. After growth in shake flasks containing mineral salt media and tryptone soya broth, cell pellet of AS‐5 removed by centrifugation sequestered almost 98% and 69% of cadmium (a.i. 25 mg/l Cd) respectively. Other strains accumulated variable amounts of Cd. 16S rRNA gene sequence of AS‐5 and its homology analysis using BLAST reveals its phylogenetic relationship with family β‐proteobac... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920487 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920486&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000458 AbstractA rapid and accurate method for simultaneous identification of foodborne infectious pathogens was developed based on oligonucleotide microarray technology. The proposed identification method is based on PCR amplification of the target region of the groEL genes with degenerate primers, followed by the PCR products hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for species. The groEL gene amplification products of seventeen species of pathogenic bacteria were hybridized to the oligonucleotide array. Hybridization results were analyzed with digoxigenin‐linked enzyme reaction. Results indicated that fifteen species of pathogenic bacteria showed high sensitivity and specificity for the oligonucleotide array, while two other species gave cross‐reaction with the E. coli. Our resul... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920486 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920485&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100048 AbstractThe production of the exopolysaccharide pullulan using entrapped cells of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 was investigated relative to carbon source. Fungal cells grown on glucose or sucrose as a carbon source were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and found to be capable of synthesizing the polysaccharide for two production cycles. Using 2.5% glucose or sucrose as a carbon source, productivity was 18.3 or 21.9 mg polysaccharide/g cells × h, respectively after the initial production cycle and decreased to 9.6 or 8.5 mg polysaccharide/g cells × h, respectively, after the second production cycle. Independent of carbon source, the entrapped fungal cells exhibited a higher yield during the initial cycle than the second production cycle while the entrapped ATCC 42023 c... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920485 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920484&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000436 AbstractNitroaromatic compounds constitute a major class of widely distributed environmental contaminants. Fifty fungal strains were screened for their potential to tolerance with 2‐nitrophenol, 3‐nitrophenol and 4‐nitrophenol on solid medium supplemented with 2% malt extract (MEA). Growth rate (mm/day) was determined at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) of all the three nitrophenols. From the fifty fungal strains only Bjerkandera adusta and Lentinus squarrosulus were able to tolerate all the three nitrophenols (NPs). These white‐rot fungi (WRF) were chosen for liquid medium studies for the mineralization of mono‐nitrophenols and ligninolytic enzyme activity at 0.25 mM concentration. Both varieties completely removed 2‐NP and 3‐NP while 4‐NP was hard to mineralize. ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920484 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920483&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000426 AbstractPersistence and survival under various environmental stresses has been attributed to the capacity of most bacteria to form biofilms. In aquatic environments, the symbiotic bacterium Vibrio fischeri survives variable abiotic conditions during its free‐living stage that dictates its ability to colonize the squid host. In the present study, the influence of different abiotic factors such as salt concentration, temperature, static/dynamic conditions, and carbon source availability were tested to determine whether biofilm formation occurred in 26 symbiotic and free‐living V. fischeri strains. Statistical analysis indicate that most strains examined were strong biofilm producers under salinity concentrations that ranged between 1–5%, mesophilic temperatures (25–30 °C) and static... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920483 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920482&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000413 AbstractFrom seawater and the intestines of benthonic organisms collected from the Beagle Channel, Argentina, 230 marine bacteria were isolated. Cultivable bacteria were characterized and classified as psychrotolerant, whereas few isolates were psychrophiles. These isolates were capable of producing proteases at 4 and 15 °C under neutral (pH 7.0), alkaline (pH 10.0) and acidic (pH 4.5) conditions on different media, revealing 62, 33 and 22% producers at cold and 84, 47 and 33% producers at low temperatures, respectively. More protease‐producing strains (67%) were detected when isolated from benthic invertebrates as compared to seawater (33%), with protease production under neutral conditions resulting in milk protein hydrolysis halos between 27 and 30 ± 2 mm in diameter. Using sterile ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920482 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920481&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000384 This study evidently reported the first occurrence of non carotenogenic strains (a new variety) of D. bardawil and D. parva in India. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920481 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920480&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000117 AbstractAnalysis of 16S rRNA sequence diversity is widely performed for characterizing the biodiversity of microbial samples. The number of determined sequences has a considerable impact on complete results. Although the cost of mass sequencing is decreasing, it is often still too high for individual projects. We applied the multi‐temperature single‐strand conformational polymorphism (MSSCP) method to decrease the number of analysed sequences. This was a novel application of this method. As a control, the same sample was analysed using random sequencing. In this paper, we adapted the MSSCP technique for screening of unique sequences of the 16S rRNA gene library and bacterial strains isolated from biofilms growing on the walls of an ancient gold mine in Poland and determined whether the... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920480 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920479&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000520 AbstractThe Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) thioesterase PtTE was encoded by a 648 bp open reading frame. The deduced 216 amino acids showed no similarity with plant acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases and bacterial thioesterases. Southern blot analysis revealed that one copy of PtTE was present in the P. tricornutum genome, and Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that PtTE was up‐regulated upon nitrogen deprivation. Thioesterase activity of PtTE was established by heterologous expression of PtTE cDNA in Escherichia coli (E. coli) XL1‐Blue and K27fadD88, a mutant strain of fatty acid β‐oxidation pathway. The substrate specificity of PtTE was determined by fatty acid profile analyses of the culture supernatant and membrane lipid of recombinant strains. Recombin... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920479 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5048870&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100052 AbstractEudiaptomus gracilis is the most abundant member of the zooplankton, plays a key role in the food web of Lake Balaton (Hungary). In the present study the composition of bacterial communities of this copepod was investigated based on cultivation and molecular cloning. The cultivated bacterial strains from the gut homogenate samples of Eudiaptomus gracilis belonged to four different clades: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Proteobacteria. Clone library showed high species diversity, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, representatives of Deinococcus‐Thermus lineage and Cyanobacteria were detected. The isolated strains were very effective in degradation of different biopolymers. Many of the detected bacteria are known as opportunistic human or fish pathogens (Pse... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5048870 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5048870 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4920478&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201100074 In this study, the prokaryotic diversity and community structure in the sediment of an active mud volcano were investigated by constructing bacterial and archaeal clone libraries of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 100 bacterial and 100 archaeal clones were analysed and found to comprise 11 and 7 distinct phylotypes, respectively. The bacterial phylotypes were classified into three phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria). Of these, Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial group, with Deltaproteobacteria dominating the sediment community, and these were affiliated with the order Desulfuromonadales. The archaeal phylotypes were all closely related to uncultivated species, and the majority of the members were related to the orders Methanosarcinales and Halobacteriales of ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4920478 Tue, 31 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4920478 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4861685&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190008 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4861685 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:56:33 +0100 4861685 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4861684&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190007 AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans, which was developed as an infection model for Vibrio alginolyticus, displays lawn avoidance behaviour towards pathogenic bacteria using their olfactory stimuli. Animals were tracked on an agar plate in presence of food source, E. coli OP50 and pathogen source, V. alginolyticus. The animals moved freely around the food source avoiding the pathogen lawn. For the first time, the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus at both physiological and molecular level has been studied in detail using the model organism C. elegans. (Photo: Sellegounder Durai, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian and Krishnaswamy Balamurugan, Karaikudi, India) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4861684 Wed, 25 May 2011 23:56:31 +0100 4861684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4714224&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190006 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4714224 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4714224 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4714223&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190005 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4714223 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4714223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4714222&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190004 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4714222 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4714222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4714221&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190003 AbstractA new species, Anoxybacillus salavatliensis, was studied for phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genetic characteristics. The novel α‐glucosidase producing strain is Gram‐positive, motile and forms terminal, ellipsoidal endospores after 24–48 h incubation in liquid media. (Photo: Mehlika Benli, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4714221 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4714221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631129&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000193 AbstractThe saprophytic fungus Rhizopus nigricans constitutes a serious problem when thriving on gathered crops. The identification of any compounds, especially natural ones, that inhibit fungal growth, may therefore be important. During its life cycle, Rhizopus nigricans encounters many compounds, among them the flavonoids, plant secondary metabolites that are involved in plant defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Although not being a plant pathogen, Rhizopus nigricans may interact with these compounds in the same way as plant pathogens – in response to the fungitoxic effect of flavonoids the fungi transform them into less toxic metabolites. We have studied the interaction of R. nigricans with some flavonoids. Inhibition of hyphal spreading (from 3% to 100%) was observed by 300 μ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631129 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631128&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000213 AbstractActivated sludge plants, sporadically suffers malfunction due to the proliferation of filamentous bacteria mainly Gordonia and Microthrix species. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (nested PCR‐RFLP) in combination with quantitative real‐time PCR (q PCR) was applied to study the distribution of Gordonia in foaming samples. Samples of mixed liquor were collected from three full‐scale activated sludge plants that were experiencing filamentous biological foaming. Partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed the dominance of Gordonia amarae (60–80%), Gordonia terrae (10%), Gordonia polyisoprenivorans (30–40%) and an unidentified Gordonia species (20–50%). Restriction enzyme analysis of the amplicons exhibited 87.14 to 99.6% similari... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631128 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631128 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631127&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000377 AbstractCronobacter sakazakii is occasionally associated with food‐borne illness seen in neonates and infants with weakened immune system. It can cause meningitis, local necrotizing enterocolitis and systemic bacteremia leading to infant mortality rates upto 33–80%. With the aim of investigating whether C. sakazakii is also a pathogen of the model organism C. elegans, we have performed killing assays and monitored the mortality of host fed with pathogen. C. elegans fed with C. sakazakii die over the course of several days, as a consequence of an accumulation of bacteria in the host intestine. Further, the rate of C. sakazakii mediated infection in C. elegans depends on the accumulation of the bacterial load inside the host. C. sakazakii killed C. elegans with an LT50 (time for half to ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631127 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631127 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631126&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000402 This study also shows a high distribution of blaOXA‐23‐like and intI1 genes in imipenem‐resistant A. baumannii isolates. The clonal spread played an important role in the increase of OXA‐23 producing IRABs in the hospital environment. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631126 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631126 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631125&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000409 AbstractThe present study evaluates an obligatory interaction between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3312 and the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3 for the biodegradation of the dye Rubin 3GP (R3GP). No significant degradation of R3GP was observed either by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3312 or by Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3, when both the cultures were tested individually under their respective optimum medium conditions. However, when both of them were allowed to intermingle with each other, R3GP was found to be degraded within 72 h, with a steady increase in β ‐1,3‐glucanase, chitinase and protease activity in the culture supernatant; indicating the possible role of Pseudomonas sp. strain BCH3 in cell wall lysis of S. cerevisiae NCIM 3312. The present study elucidates a... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631125 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631125 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631124&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000420 AbstractThe hydrocarbon‐degrading bacterium Dietzia maris WR‐3 was isolated from a consortium comprising ammonia‐oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria derived from marine sediments. Here, we examined biosurfactant production by strain WR‐3 when cultured using several different carbon (D‐glucose, n ‐decane, n ‐hexadecane, motor oil, olive oil, and rapeseed oil) and nitrogen (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, yeast extract, and polypeptone) sources as growth substrates. Strain WR‐3 was able to grow and reduce the surface tension of culture broth to 31±1.0 mN m–1 when cultured using n ‐hexadecane and nitrate ions. The surface‐active compounds produced by strain WR‐3 were extracted and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Moreover, the main components in the extract were further purifi... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631124 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631123&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000427 AbstractShewanella amazonensis strain SB2BT is an isolate from shallow‐water marine sediments derived from the Amazon River delta. This bacterium contained a long‐chain polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, all‐cis ‐3,6,9,12,16,19,22,25,28 hentriacontanonaene (C31:9), constituting 1–2% of the total fatty acid methyl ester and hydrocarbon fraction, which was produced dependently of decreased growth temperature. Analysis of its cellular fatty acid composition demonstrated that isopentadecanoic acid was the major fatty acid component and that all the main monounsaturated fatty acids had straight chains with a cis configuration. However, monoenoic cyclopropyl fatty acids, which were previously reported to be present in this bacterium, were not detected by mass spectrometric analysis. The grow... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631123 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631122&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000385 AbstractCellulases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze total hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. Cellulases are produced by various groups of microorganisms and animals; however, psychro‐philes are the ideal candidates for the production of enzymes active at low temperature and stable under alkaline conditions, in the presence of oxidants and detergents, which are in large demand as laundry additives. The cellulases from psychrophiles also find application in environmental bioremediation, food industry and molecular biology. Research work on cellulase has been done over the last six decades, but there is no exclusive review available on the cellulases from psychrophiles. This review is an attempt to fill this gap by providing all the relevant information exclusively for cellulases from... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631122 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631121&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000364 AbstractThe biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 (Pd 2112) was confirmed as rhamnolipid based on the formation of dark blue halos around the colonies in CTAB‐methylene blue agar plates and the content of rhamnose sugar. The average yield of rhamnolipid was 0.398 g/l/day when grown on hexadecane as sole carbon source. Pd 2112 emulsification potential associated with cell free culture broth was stable for 72 h using various hydrocarbons and vegetable oils. Chemical structure of the biosurfactant was identified as mono‐rhamnolipid (Rha‐C6–C8) using HPTLC, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR and gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy analysis. Pd 2112 mono‐rhamnolipid (1 mg/ml) had in‐creased permeabilization of Bacillus sp VUS NCIM 5342 ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631121 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631120&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000327 AbstractThe bacterial community structure within a uranium ore was investigated using culture‐dependent and ‐independent clone library analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes. The major aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were isolated and identified, and their resistance to uranium and other heavy metals was characterized. Together with near neutral pH, moderate organic carbon content, elevated U and other heavy metals (V, Ni, Mn, Cu, etc.), the ore showed high microbial counts and phylotype richness. The bacterial community mainly consisted of uncultured Proteobacteria, with the predominance of γ ‐ over β ‐ and α ‐subdivisions, along with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. A phylogenetic study revealed that nearly one‐third of the community was affili... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631120 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631119&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000314 AbstractA thermophilic, arsenate resistant bacterial strain was isolated from a geothermal field located in the area surrounding Monterotondo (Tuscany, Italy). Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis and recN comparisons the strain was identified as Geobacillus kaustophilus. Cells of the strain, designated A1, were rod‐shaped, 2–3 μm long and reacted negatively to Gram staining, despite its taxonomic classification as a Gram positive microorganism. Strain A1 is a thermophilic spore‐forming bacterium, and grows optimally at pH 6.5 and 55 °C. An arsenate MIC of 80 mM was determined for strain A1, and the close relative G. kaustophilus DSM 7263T showed similar levels of arsenate resistance. These observations were consistent with the presence of arsenic detoxification genes in the genome of G... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631119 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631119 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631118&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000253 AbstractA Gram‐positive, moderately halophilic Streptomyces strain, designated JAJ06, was isolated from saltpan soil collected at Tuticorin, India, and subjected to a polyphasic characterization with an insight into their biotechnological importance. Growth characteristics and antimicrobial com‐pound producing capabilities of Streptomyces sp. JAJ06 were observed on various International Streptomyces Project (ISP) media and production media. Optimum growth was observed on modified ISP 4 medium supplemented with 4% NaCl (w/v) at 29 °C incubated for 7 days. Maximum antibacterial compound production with good mycelial growth was observed on starch‐yeast extract‐peptone medium prepared with seawater (90%, v/v). The 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic affiliation was determined by using va... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631118 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631118 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631117&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000298 In this study we compared a colorimetric XTT assay to colony forming units (CFU) count to evaluate the survival potential of Candida albicans incubated in water microcosms. Our results showed that cells maintain cultivability within a long period followed by a decline in cultivability and a drop of plate counts to less than 20 cell ml–1 after 150 days in tap water, 190 days in rain water and 200 days in seawater. In addition we noted that 10% of cells viability was reached after 150 days in seawater, 180 days in rain water and 210 days in tap water. Molecular method confirms the persistence of C. albicans cells in water during long time starvation period. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631117 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631117 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631116&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000305 AbstractThe entomopathogenic ascomycete Paecilomyces farinosus (alternative name Isaria farinosa) synthesized a hydrophobin, irrespective of being grown in submerged or surface culture. The protein was extracted using trifluoroacetic acid and purified using preparative HPLC and SDS‐PAGE. Partial sequences were obtained using ESI‐MS/MS. The peptides were used as a start to apply a ‘template switching oligo' protocol to elucidate the complete open reading frame of P. farinosus hydrophobin 1 (pfah1). The deduced protein sequence comprised 107 amino acids (10.7 kDa) including a 16 amino acid long hydrophobic signal peptide, showed a calculated pI of 4.56, and was interrupted by one intron. Phylogenetic analyses revealed relationships to hydrophobins of the ascomycetes Magnaporthe grisea ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631116 Thu, 24 Mar 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445427&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.200900429 AbstractAn efficient nitrobenzene degrading bacterium strain NB5, which was able to utilize nitrobenzene as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy under aerobic condition, was isolated from activated sludge in an oil refinery at Hangzhou, China. Based on phenotypic features, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and G + C content analysis, strain NB5 was identified as Rhodococcus sp. NB5. Nitrobenzene degradation experiments using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) showed that strain NB5 could tolerate a high nitrobenzene concentration and completely degrade nitrobenzene with initial concentration ranging from 100 mg · l–1 to 1000 mg · l–1 within 144 h. The optimal degradation and cell growth were observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0. The addition of second nitrogen source (0.1%) such as ur... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445427 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445427 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445426&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000006 AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes is a notorious human pathogen responsible for a wide array of infections. The ability of S. pyogenes to form biofilms is an innate property during the pathogenesis of invasive infections. From the eleven M serotypes tested: M56, M74, M100, M65, M89 and st38 formed dense biofilms in 48 h. The present study is the first of its kind to report about the biofilm formation in the serotypes M56, M65 M74 M100 and st38. XTT reduction assay of the biofilms showed decreased metabolic activity with increase in incubation time. The surface architecture of the biofilms when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the microcolony formation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to compare the surface topography and thickness of biofilms between ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445426 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445425&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000086 In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized a second amino acid deaminase, termed Pm1, from P. mirabilis KCTC 2566. Homology alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of Pm1 demonstrated that the greatest similarity (96%) was with the L‐amino acid deaminase (LAD) of P. vulgaris, and that homology with Pma was relatively low (72%). Also, similar to LAD, Pm1 was most active on L‐histidine, indicating that Pm1 belongs to the second type of amino acid deaminase. In agreement with this conclusion, the Vmax and Km values of Pm1 were 119.7 (μg phenylpyruvic acid/mg/min) and 31.55 mM phenylalanine, respectively, values lower than those of Pma. The Pml deaminase will be very useful industrially in the preparation of commercially valuable materials including urocanic acid and α �... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445425 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445425 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445424&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000119 AbstractThe goals of this work were to assess the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri to bind aflatoxin B1 in the intestinal tract and determine its effect on intestinal absorption of the toxin dispensed in either single or multiple doses in a murine model. Male Wistar rats were used, and two experiments were conducted after bacteria were implanted. Experiment one involved a single‐oral dose of toxin, and the subsequent flow cytometric analysis of bacteria isolated from the small intestine and treated with specific FITC‐labeled AFB1 antibodies. The second experiment was carried out supplying the toxin in 7 oral sub‐doses, and the later quantification of AFB1‐Lys adducts in blood samples by ELISA assay. The results demonstrated that L. reuteri was able to bind AFB1 in the intestinal tr... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445424 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445423&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000191 AbstractThe removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by live and pretreated fungal biomass of Pythium sp was investigated in a batch mode. The influence of biomass dose, solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, temperature and pretreatment of biomass on biosorption efficiency was studied. The acid pretreated biomass adsorbed 1.7 times more hexavalent chromium in comparison to untreated biomass. The chromium removal rate increased with decrease in pH and increase in Cr(VI) concentration, biomass dose and temperature. The adsorption data was described well by Freundlich isotherm model. Evaluation of biosorption mechanism using infrared spectroscopy showed the involvement of positively charged amino groups in Cr(VI) biosorption. The biosorption of Cr(VI) by Pythium sp. followed second or... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445423 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445422&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000232 AbstractThe potential biotecnological applications of both constitutive and inducible lipase sources from Aspergillus niger MYA 135 were evaluated. To this end, the effect of environmental conditions on mycelium‐bound lipase production from this strain was studied, when cultured either in the absence or presence of 2% olive oil. It was previously reported that mycelium‐bound lipase from Aspergillus niger MYA 135 possess high stability in reaction mixtures containing ethanol; which could be especially important for their use in biodiesel synthesis. In this connection, the performance of the lipase sources produced in the transesterification of ethanol using p‐nitrophenyl palmitate as acyl donor was also explored.Under our assay conditions, hydrolytic and synthetic activity of the myce... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445422 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445421&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000223 AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the photoprotective effect of carotenoids in phylogentically related bacteria, which synthesize structurally different pigments. Two organisms were isolated from the same environment. Their 16S rDNA sequences and phenotypic characteristics identified them as members of the family Micrococcaceae. Reverse phase HPLC and absorption spectroscopy revealed that one of them, designated RMB40, synthesized 3 carotenoids with 9 conjugated double bonds, whilst the other, designated RMB42, synthesized a single and more hydrophobic pigment carrying 11 conjugated double bonds. Survival curves were obtained during sunlight exposure for both organisms and for carotenoid deficient mutants derived from them. Increased sunlight sensitivity was found in the caroten... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445421 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445420&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000205 AbstractA 2‐haloacid dehalogenase‐producing bacterium, designated DEH99, was isolated from the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis using a modified enrichment medium and a pH indicator method. DEH99 could degrade only half of the racemic mixture 2‐chloropropionic acid (2‐CPA) in the medium. The dehalogenase of DEH99 was further determined to be a (S)‐2‐haloacid dehalogenase, which can degrade 2‐CPA, 2‐bromopropionic acid (2‐BPA), and iodoacetic acid. The gene encoding the (S)‐2‐haloacid dehalogenase was partially sequenced and classified into the Group II family. The 2‐haloacid dehalogenase showed the highest sequence similarity (77% with 21% query coverage) to the haloacid dehalogenase (dhlB) gene of Xanthobacter autotrophicus. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rD... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445420 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445420 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445419&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000198 AbstractA split‐EGFP bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay was used to visualise and locate three interacting pairs of proteins from the GAL genetic switch of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both the Gal4p‐Gal80p and Gal80p‐Gal3p pairs were found to be located in the nucleus under inducing conditions. However, the Gal80p‐Gal1p complex was located throughout the cell. These results support recent work establishing an initial interaction between Gal3p and Gal80p occurring in the nucleus. Labelling of all three protein pairs impaired the growth of the yeast strains and resulted in reduced galactokinase activity in cell extracts. The most likely cause of this impairment is decreased dissociation rates of the complexes, caused by the essentially irreversible reasse... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445419 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445419 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445418&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000240 AbstractMesenterocin, a small anti‐listerial peptide of 3.5 kDa produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ at the end of exponential growth was inactivated by proteolytic enymes, stable to cold storage (4 °C for 3 d), heat, organic solvents and surfactants, and exhibited maximum bactericidal mode of activity in the pH range 3 to 10. Although Leu. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides OZ harboured plasmids ranging in size from 3.6 to 9.7 kbp, no evidence was obtained indicating that mesenterocin was under the control of extrachromosomal plasmids because loss of bacteriocin production following plasmid curing experiments could not be correlated with plasmid loss and the lack of detectable plasmids suggested a chromosomal location for the genetic determinants of mesenteroci... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445418 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445417&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000292 AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the role of efflux pump activity (EPA) in conferring adaptive and cross resistances against ciprofloxacin (CF) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) in dairy isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation potential was correlated with development of adaptive resistance in originally resistant strains. Irrespective of parent strains's susceptibility, isolates developed substantial adaptive resistance against CF and BC. Significant difference was observed in ability of non resistant isolates to develop adaptive resistance against CF and BC (P < 0.02) and subsequent cross resistance. EPA was quantified using EtBr (Ethidium Bromide) model and its role was more prominent [confirmed by its inhibition using efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) 2,4... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445417 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445416&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000303 AbstractVibrio alginolyticus, a common bacterium in the marine environment, is a threat to marine animals and humans by causing serious infections. The present study reveals the establishment of a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model for Vibrio alginolyticus. The infection and colonization was localized in the animal by tagging V. alginolyticus with GFP and using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Chemotactic response of C. elegans to V. alginolyticus, pharyngeal distention and blockage of vulval region leading to internal hatching were analyzed. The time required for causing infection, and the bacterial loads in the intestine of C. elegans were determined. Regulation of innate immune related genes, lys‐7, clec‐60 and clec‐87, were also analyzed using real time PCR. The pathogen i... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445416 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445415&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000321 In this study we provide evidence for an additional function of PAF which is distinct from the antifungal activity against putative ecologically concurrent microorganisms. Our data indicate that PAF enhances conidiation in P. chrysogenum by modulating the expression of brlA, the central regulatory gene for mitospore development. A paf deletion strain showed a significant impairment of mitospore formation which sustains our hypothesis that PAF plays an important role in balancing asexual differentiation in P. chrysogenum. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445415 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445414&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000367 AbstractIn the present study, the reliability of full‐length gene sequence information for several genes including 16S rRNA was examined, for the discrimination of the two representative Campylobacter lari taxa, namely urease‐negative (UN) C. lari and urease‐positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC). As previously described, 16S rRNA gene sequence are not reliable for the molecular discrimination of UN C. lari from UPTC organisms employing both the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA) and neighbor joining (NJ) methods. In addition, three composite full‐length gene sequences (ciaB, flaC and vacJ) out of seven gene loci examined were reliable for discrimination employing dendrograms constructed by the UPGMA method. In addition, all the dendrograms of ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445414 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445414 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445413&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000280 AbstractAerobic methylotrophic bacteria able to grow with dichloromethane (DCM) as the sole carbon and energy source possess a specific glutathione S‐transferase, DCM dehalogenase, which transforms DCM to formaldehyde, used for biomass and energy production, and hydrochloric acid, which is excreted. Evidence is presented for chloride‐specific responses for three DCM‐degrading bacteria, Methylobacterium extorquens DM4, Methylopila helvetica DM6 and Albibacter methylovorans DM10. Chloride release into the medium was inhibited by sodium azide and m ‐chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting an energy‐dependent process. In contrast, only nigericin affected chloride excretion in Mb. extorquens DM4 and Mp. helvetica DM6, while valinomycin had the same effect in A. methylovorans DM10 only. Chlo... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445413 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445413 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445412&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000267 AbstractA thermostable novel lectin with a molecular weight of 30.4 kDa was isolated from dried fruiting bodies of Agaricus arvensis. It was a dimer made up of two 15.2 kDa subunits. The lectin was unadsorbed on DEAE‐cellulose in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), subsequently adsorbed on CM‐cellulose in 10 mM NaAc buffer (pH 4.6) and then on SP‐Sepharose in 10 mM NaAc buffer (pH 4.6), and finally purified by fast protein liquid chromatography‐gel filtration on Superdex 75. The hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was stable at temperatures up to 90 °C. The activity was preserved in concentrations of NaOH solution up to 50 mM, but was sensitive to HCl and declined to 12.5% in 12.5 mM HCl. The activity was unaffected by Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+and Mg2+ ions, but was activated by Al3+ and ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445412 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445412 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445411&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000295 AbstractA comparison of ribosomal RNA sequence analysis methods based on clone libraries and single‐strand conformational polymorphism technique (SSCP) was performed with groundwater samples obtained between 523–555 meters below surface. The coverage of analyzed clones by phylotype–richness estimates was between 88–100%, confirming that the clone libraries were adequately examined. Analysis of individual bands retrieved from SSCP gels identified 1–6 different taxonomic units per band, suggesting that a single SSCP band does often represent more than one single prokaryotic species. The prokaryotic diversity obtained by both methods showed an overall difference of 42–80%. In comparison to SSCP, clone libraries underestimated the phylogenetic diversity and only 36–66% of the phy... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445411 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445411 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445410&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000309 AbstractOn PCR amplification of the intervening sequences (IVSs) in the central (helix 45) region within 23S rRNA gene sequences with T. equigenitalis (n = 34), as well as T. asinigenitalis (n = 35) and Bordetella (n = 11) isolates by using the primer pair of f‐/r‐23STis2, approximately 0.8 kb of the amplicons were generated, sequenced and analyzed. One IVS of approximately 70 bp in length was identified in all the Taylorella organisms but not Bordetella. PCR amplification was further developed for the convenient and rapid molecular detection of T. equigenitalis organisms with the IVS in the helix 45 region within the 23S rRNA genes as target by using the primer pairs (f‐IVSde/r‐23de). Thus, these results clearly demonstrated that PCR amplification with the primer pair (f‐IVSde/r... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445410 Mon, 07 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4445410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4631115&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000310 AbstractA 20 kDa antifungal serine protease from Streptomyces sp. A6 was purified to 34.56 folds by gel permeation chromatography. The enzyme exhibited highest activity at neutral to near alka‐ line pH 7–9 and 55 °C. Neutral surfactant triton X‐100 enhanced the activity by 4.12 fold. The protease activity also increased (109.9–119%) with increasing concentration of urea (2–8 mole/l). The enzyme was identified as serine protease with 67% similarity to SFase 2 of Streptomyces fradiae by MALDI‐LC‐MS/MS analysis. Determination of kinetic constants km, Vmax, kcat and kcat/km suggested higher affinity of enzyme for N‐Suc‐Ala‐Ala‐Val‐Ala‐p NA (synthetic substrate for chymotrypsin activity). The enzyme was highly stable at temperature prevailing under field conditions (4... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4631115 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4631115 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477164&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190002 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477164 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477163&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190001 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477163 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477163 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4477162&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201190000 AbstractColony morphology of three days old cultures of Streptomyces strains derived from mangrove sediments in the Estuary near the Arabian Sea, India. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by neighbor joining and depicted as an unrooted dendrogram. (Figure: V. Satheeja Santhi and R. D. Jebakumar Solomon, Madurai, India) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4477162 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4477162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393825&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000171 AbstractStructure of maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere bacteria was evaluated to explore the feasibility of identifying novel rhizosphere bacteria using culture‐independent method based on direct amplification and analysis of 16S rRNA gene (rRNA) sequences and especially to obtain a better understanding of bacterial community structure and diversity from maize. A total of 274 sequences were analyzed and assigned 48.00% Proteobacteria, 10.30% Actinobacteria, 9.90% Bacteroidetes, 6.60% Verrucomicrobia, 4.80% Acidobacteria, 1.80% Firmicutes, 1.50% Chloroflexi, 1.50% TM7, 1.10% Deinococcus‐Thermus, 0.70% Planctomycetes, 0.70% Gemmatimonadetes and 0.40% Cyanobacteria. Economically important phyla Actinobacteria was second most dominant group after Proteobacteria, in our clone library. It woul... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393825 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393825 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393824&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000192 AbstractThe use of microorganisms to solubilize elemental phosphorus from insoluble rock phosphate is a promising method to greatly reduce not only environmental pollution but also production costs. Phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms were isolated from soils in China, and a fungus strain (PSM11‐5) from a soil sample from an alum mine, with the highest phosphate solubilization potential, was selected and identified as a Penicillium sp. Strain PSM11‐5 could grow in buffered medium with pH values between 3.0 and 8.0 and showed phosphate solubilizing activity at pH values from 5.0 to 8.0. It also exhibited a degree of tolerance to the heavy metal ions, Cd2+, Co2+, and Cr6+. PSM11‐5 could rapidly solubilize tricalcium phosphate, and a high phosphate‐solubilizing efficiency of 98% w... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393824 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393823&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000214 AbstractFennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a very important plant in the family of Apiaceae. Effects of inoculation of two endophytic fungi (Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera) in growth, yield and composition of the essential oil of fennel (F. vulgare) were evaluated in pot cultures. Dry fruits were ground with an electric grinder and oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and their composition was determined by GC/MS. In pot experiment, the maximum dry weight of the green tissue and root and plant height were obtained with P. indica, and maximum number of umbels per plant and dry weight of 1000 fruits were produced with S. vermifera. The P. indica and S. vermifera inoculation significantly increased oil yield as compared to non‐inoculated control plants. GC and GC/MS studies rev... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393823 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393822&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000291 In conclusion, the pCM‐EGFP vector may be used as an efficient promoter‐trap vector and a combination of the vector with flow cytometric cell sorting was demonstrated to be an useful method for screening promoters responding to specific conditions or inducers. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393822 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4393822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4445409&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000372 This study evaluated methods for the reduction of human DNA concentrations within oral metagenomic samples.Plaque samples were collected from 27 patients presenting with periodontal disease and treated to remove human DNA using either selective lysis of eukaryotic cells at several buffer concentrations or differential centrifugation after treatment with trypsin and/or detergents. Human and bacterial DNA levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).The human DNA content of plaque extracts was significantly reduced by all treatments compared with an untreated control (P < 0.05). However, differential centrifugation simultaneously reduced the bacterial DNA content unless samples were pretreated with a detergent. Observations of Gram stained samples that were proc... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4445409 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4445409 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4393821&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000317 AbstractPhytophthora capsici causes damage on many plants species, and secretes various pectin methylesterases during all stages of infection. We identified nine Pme genes (Pcpme 1–9) from a genomic library of highly virulent P. capsici strain SD33 and further analyzed the expression pattern of nine genes on three hosts: pepper, tomato, and cucumber using qRT‐PCR during all stages of infection. All nine genes were found to be differentially expressed in three host species in the course of P. capsici interaction. The expression levels of the respective genes increased from 1 to 7 dpi in pepper, while most genes presented a decreasing trend of expression from 1 to 5 dpi in tomato fruits. However, in both fruits peaks were reached at 7 dpi. In cucumber fruits, each gene showed minor expre... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4393821 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4393821 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271947&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201090017 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271947 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4271947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271946&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201090016 (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271946 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4271946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4271945&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201090015 AbstractFusarium subglutinans UnB 379 forms characteristic microconidia in false heads which can be observed microscopically. Here, galactose oxidase genes from Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium subglutinans, two species of the G. fujikuroi complex, were cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. A phylogenetic tree revealed the three orthologous lineages for galactose oxidase genes in Fusarium spp. (Photo: Fabio Aparecido Cordeiro and Ione Parra Barbosa‐Tessmann, Maringa PR, Brazil) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4271945 Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4271945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158702&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000051 AbstractMetabolic changes were investigated by measuring the depletion of dissolved oxygen and the enzymatic activities of sulfur metabolism in Acidithiobacillus caldus (A. caldus) before and after copper stress. The results showed that high concentrations of Cu2+ have an indirect negative effect on the sulfite oxidase and the APS reductase involved in sulfur metabolism when A. caldus is cultured in medium with elemental sulfur as its growth energy. This leads to a decrease in the respiration rate and the growth rate. The changes of activity are negatively correlated with the intracellular Cu2+ concentration through an indirect interaction mechanism. A. caldus was able to induce an efflux of copper ions by forming an ATPase‐dependent pump, which transported copper ions by consuming ATP. ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158702 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158702 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158701&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000036 AbstractTrichoderma atroviride (T‐15603.1) is a promising fungal agent for biological control of wood decay fungi in urban tree wounds. The aim of this work was to determine the combined effects of water activity (aw, 0.998–0.892), temperature (10–30 °C) and pH (3–7) on the development of conidia on low‐nutrient agar (LNA). Lag phase prior to germination (h), germination rates (µm) and germ‐tube elongation were obtained at each set of conditions. The experimental data were used to fit a response surface model for predicting the germination rates of T‐15603.1 and to analyze the effect of the abiotic parameters tested. The polynomial response surface model was mathematically evaluated using graphical plots and several statistical indices (RMSE, %SEP, Af, Bf, pRE). Data analys... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158701 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158701 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158700&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000184 AbstractThe neuronal calcium sensor‐1 (NCS‐1) possesses a consensus signal for N‐terminal myristoylation and four EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding sites, and mediates the effects of cytosolic Ca2+. Minute changes in free intracellular Ca2+ are quickly transformed into changes in the activity of several kinases including calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinases (Ca2+/CaMKs) that are involved in regulating many eukaryotic cell functions. However, our current knowledge of NCS‐1 and Ca2+/CaMKs comes mostly from studies of the mammalian enzymes. Thus far very few fungal homologues of NCS‐1 and Ca2+/CaMKs have been characterized and little is known about their cellular roles. In this minireview, we describe the known sequences, interactions with target proteins and cellular roles of NCS�... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158700 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158700 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158699&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000176 AbstractA hierarchical set of assays were used to evaluate the interspecific competitive ability of the bioincising fungus Physiporinus vitreus (response species). The competitiveness and growth mode of P. vitreus against a range of blue stain fungi and Trichoderma species (challenge species) was investigated in dual culture tests (a) and a spatially heterogeneous system of tessellation agar (b) on different media. In addition, the robustness of the bioincising process against biotic influences was determined by controlled interaction tests with different inocula of the challenge species (colony‐forming units: 102, 104, 106ml–1) on Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) heartwood. The results of the dual culture and tessellation agar tests revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.001) antagonistic ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158699 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158699 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158698&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000160 AbstractThe phylogeny of the latest recognized domain, Archaea, is still complicated and it is largely based on environmental sequences. A culture independent molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed high Archaea diversity in a terrestrial hot spring, village Varvara, Bulgaria. A total of 35 archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to three of the classified five Archaea phyla were identified. Most of the sequences were affiliated with the phylum Crenarchaeota (23), grouped in four branches. The rest of the sequences showed highest similarity to the unidentified archaeal clones (9), Euryarchaeota (2), and “Korarchaeota ” (1). Eight (23%) of the sequenced 16S rDNAs didn't have known close relatives and represented new and diverse OTUs, four of them forming a new archaeal su... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158698 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158698 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158697&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000153 This study indicated association of hitherto unknown Vibrio species with coral reef ecosystem of Kurusadai island. Assuming that only resistant bacteria can grow in the coral environment, susceptibility against a total of 20 antibiotics was evaluated. All the isolates exhibited resistance towards more than 6 antibiotics. Interestingly, none of the identified bacteria were previously reported to be of coral pathogen reflecting the healthy nature of the ecosystem. However, a continuous monitoring of the region will be prerequisite to envisage the role of these bacteria on the health status of the coral ecosystem. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Source: Journal of Basic Microbiology) Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158697 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158697 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158696&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000147 AbstractA monofunctional catalase from Serratia marcescens SYBC08 produced by liquid state fermentation in 7 liter fermenter was isolated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and gel filtration (GF) and characterized. Its sequence was analyzed by LC‐MS/MS technique and gene cloning. The highest catalase production (20,289 U · ml–1) was achieved after incubation for 40 h. The purified catalase had an estimated molecular mass of 230 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits of 58 kDa. High specific activity of the catalase (199,584 U · mg–1 protein) was 3.44 times higher than that of Halomonas sp. Sk1 catalase (57,900 U · mg–1 protein). The enzyme without peroxidase activity was found to be an atypical electronic spectrum of mon... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158696 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158696 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158695&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000115 AbstractA novel moderately thermophilic, Gram‐positive staining, rod‐shaped, spore‐forming, motile, facultative anaerobic, and α‐glucosidase producing strain A343T, was isolated from a high temperature well‐pipeline sediment sample in Salavatli province of Aydin, Turkey. Growth was observed at 37–69 ºC (optimum 60 °C), at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum 8.0–9.0) and at salinities from 0 to 4.5% (w/v) (optimum 2%). Strain A343T was able to grow on a wide range of carbon sources. Gelatin and starch utilization, amylase, catalase and oxidase activities, reduction of nitrate to nitrite were all positive. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 45.1 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK‐7. The dominant cellular fatty acids were: iso‐C15:0, C16:0, and iso‐C17:0. The phylogenetic analysi... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158695 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158695 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158694&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000107 AbstractThe phylogeny of members of Streptomyces bacteria isolated from mangrove sediments in the Manakudi estuary near the Arabian Sea, India, was analyzed in the present study. Among the 35 different isolates, five organisms, JS‐9, JS‐11, JS‐12, JS‐13 and JS‐20, exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate) and methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus MTCC 3160 and Salmonella typhi MTCC 733; all other isolates displayed intermediate antimicrobial effects. RFLP analysis of HaeIII and BstUI double‐digested 16S rRNA gene fragments of the isolates were distinguished into 20 distinct RFLP types, with the genetic similarity coefficient varying from 0.57 to 0.97. On average, 17 RFLP markers were observed from approximately... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158694 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4158693&cid=s_33775_77_f&fid=33775&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%252Fjobm.201000098 In this study, the genotypic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among plant growth‐promoting (PGP) bacilli isolated from the rice rhizosphere growing in acidic soils of Kerala (pH varying from 6.3 to 6.8) were investigated. For assessing their biocontrol potential and PGP attributes, 115 isolates were randomly selected and 49 isolates that were positive for multiple traits were selected. Metabolic characterization of representative strains, using the Biolog GP2 (Gram Positive) MicroPlateTM, revealed a large versatility with respect to carbohydrate utilization. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis revealed 13 clusters at 65% similarity level, which consisted of 1–21 strains. 16S rDNA partial sequencing assigned all the isolates, except for one, to the Bacillus genus, with ... Journal of Basic Microbiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4158693 Fri, 12 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4158693