MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Behavioral Medicine' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 09:35:52 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636910&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4819g523r03l1g72%2F We examined the effect of two default policies on parents’ consent to have their adolescent sons hypothetically receive HPV vaccine at school. A national sample of 404 parents of adolescent sons participated in an online 3 × 2 between-subjects factorial experiment. Factors varied the default consent policy (opt-in, opt-out, or neutral) and the number of vaccines sons would receive (HPV vaccine alone or along with two other recommended adolescent vaccines). Among parents wanting to get their sons HPV vaccine in the next year, consent was higher in the opt-in condition (compared to the opt-out condition) or if other recommended adolescent vaccines would be included. Default policies had no effect among parents undecided about HPV vaccination. Parents’ consent for school-... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636910 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:15:42 +0100 5636910 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636911&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkj7797k413383633%2F Abstract  Medical and demographic characteristics and psychological morbidity of individuals with cancer prior to a psychosocial intervention can influence the efficacy of interventions. However, little is known about the moderating role of patients’ psychosocial characteristics on intervention effects. This review sought to identify and synthesize the impacts of psychosocial moderators of the effect of psychosocial interventions on the psychological well-being of cancer patients. A systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Databases searched included PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection. Randomized controlled studies examining a moderator effect of patients’ psychosocial charact... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636911 Tue, 24 Jan 2012 07:15:40 +0100 5636911 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5595214&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F31nh233684131075%2F We examined group differences between HCV+ patients (n = 43) and their negative HCV counterparts (n = 511). Results indicate a higher percentage of HCV+ patients report using substances to cope with possible symptoms of PTSD (P < .05) and depression (P < .01), and endorse more lifetime drinking-related negative consequences than HCV patients (P < .01). Furthermore, HCV+ patients place greater importance on changing alcohol use (P < .01) but report less confidence in their ability to change (P < .01). Use of brief assessment and feedback with skills-based interventions to decrease alcohol use may be well-received by HCV+ patients. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9394-9Auth... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5595214 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 16:49:09 +0100 5595214 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579276&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj8706676128wq4vg%2F Abstract  This experiment tested the hypothesis that self-focused attention might increase cortisol release. Social self-preservation theory suggests that social evaluation and associated feelings of shame are associated with cortisol reactivity, whereas one implication of objective self-awareness theory is that self-critical awareness and associated feelings of anxiety might be associated with increases in cortisol. 120 participants completed a public speech task either in front of an evaluative panel (social threat), in a non-evaluative setting while watching themselves in real-time on a television (self-focus), or in the mere presence of a non-evaluative person (control). Cortisol increased comparably among men in the social threat and self-focus conditions, but not amon... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579276 Fri, 06 Jan 2012 16:46:09 +0100 5579276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5570626&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F502t4p22w7412481%2F Abstract  Executive function (EF) is the set of neuro-cognitive processes associated with self-regulation, decision-making, and goal-directed behavior. The goal of this study is to examine cross-sectional relationships between EF and latent classes of youth characterized by patterns of obesity-related health behaviors (i.e., high fat/high sugar intake, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dieting). Participants were 997 4th grade youth in a school-based obesity prevention program. Cross-sectional relationships at study baseline between established latent classes of obesity risk and EF problems were assessed. General linear models demonstrated that EF problems were associated with classification into two unhealthy latent obesity risk classes.... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5570626 Wed, 04 Jan 2012 17:01:38 +0100 5570626 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5542939&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa6265h0t2126l700%2F Abstract  A chronically elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The present research tests whether facets of impulsivity—impulsiveness, excitement-seeking, self-discipline, and deliberation—are associated with chronically elevated WBC counts. Community-dwelling participants (N = 5,652) from Sardinia, Italy, completed a standard personality questionnaire and provided blood samples concurrently and again 3 years later. Higher scores on impulsivity, in particular impulsiveness and excitement-seeking, were related to higher total WBC counts and higher lymphocyte counts at both time points. Impulsiveness was a predictor of chronic inflammation: for every standard deviation difference in this trait, there was an almost... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5542939 Wed, 21 Dec 2011 20:07:00 +0100 5542939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5502723&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn674m40p112005g4%2F Abstract  Type 2 diabetes is known to contribute to health disparities in the U.S. and failure to adhere to recommended self-care behaviors is a contributing factor. Intervention programs face difficulties as a result of patient diversity and limited resources. With data from the 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study employs a logistic regression tree algorithm to identify characteristics of sub-populations with type 2 diabetes according to their reported frequency of adherence to four recommended diabetes self-care behaviors including blood glucose monitoring, foot examination, eye examination and HbA1c testing. Using Andersen’s health behavior model, need factors appear to dominate the definition of which sub-groups were at greatest risk for low as... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5502723 Mon, 12 Dec 2011 17:16:53 +0100 5502723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5493315&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frk536w70g6837ku9%2F Abstract  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and hypervigilance to gastrointestinal sensations. We hypothesized that mindfulness training (MT), which promotes nonreactive awareness of emotional and sensory experience, may target underlying mechanisms of IBS including affective pain processing and catastrophic appraisals of gastrointestinal sensations. Seventy five female IBS patients were randomly assigned to participate in either 8 weeks of MT or a social support group. A theoretically grounded, multivariate path model tested therapeutic mediators of the effect of MT on IBS severity and quality of life. Results suggest that MT exerts significant therapeutic effects on IBS symptoms by promoting nonreactivity... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5493315 Wed, 07 Dec 2011 12:54:31 +0100 5493315 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5455317&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk062x6h5r6h87753%2F Abstract  Current research indicates that racial discrimination is pervasive in the lives of African Americans. Although there are a variety of ways in which discrimination may contribute to health, one potentially important pathway is through its impact on substance use. Addressing the paucity of longitudinal research on this topic, the present study examined the influence of teacher discrimination on changes in substance use over time among African American adolescents and considered three dimensions of racial identity as moderators of this association (centrality, private regard, and public regard). Latent variable SEM analyses indicated that, on average, levels of discrimination were associated with increases in substance use across the high school years. However, publi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5455317 Wed, 23 Nov 2011 17:43:25 +0100 5455317 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5455318&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd5767251073t3447%2F Abstract  Evidence links the personality trait hardiness to both mental (MH) and physical health (PH) status, but few unifying models delineate interrelationships of these variables. The first purpose of this study was to examine the association of hardiness to MH and PH in military men. Second, we tested the hypothesis that MH would mediate the association of hardiness with PH. Identical measures were collected in two separate, demographically-similar samples (n = 65 and n = 55). All subjects completed a background questionnaire, the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 and the Short Form 36 Medical Outcomes Survey. Associations between hardiness, PH and MH were examined using regression-based mediation analyses followed by the Sobel test of indirect effec... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5455318 Tue, 22 Nov 2011 17:58:34 +0100 5455318 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5438991&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa01n831228860152%2F Abstract  The primary objective of the current study was to examine the extent to which domain-specific time perspective predicts weight management behaviors (dietary behavior and physical activity) among those newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. A secondary objective was to test potential mediators of the hypothesized effect (behavioral intention, self-efficacy and control beliefs). A total of 204 adults newly diagnosed (≤6 months) with Type 2 diabetes participated in the study, which included a baseline assessment of domain-general and domain-specific time perspective, as well as strength of intention to perform two weight-management behaviors (dietary choice and physical activity); both weight-management behaviors were assessed again at 6 month follow-up. H... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5438991 Mon, 21 Nov 2011 18:08:42 +0100 5438991 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5429645&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9244355kn500061k%2F Abstract  A transdisciplinary approach incorporating biological, psychological, behavioral, and genetic factors was taken to better identify proposed moderators of the effectiveness of an intervention to increase physical activity. This paper illustrates how theory-based individual difference variables can be integrated into a complex randomized controlled trial. The transdisciplinary framework guiding the selection of moderators, the COSTRIDE intervention study and sample, and the relationships among baseline variables are provided. Participants were non-active individuals randomly assigned to either the STRIDE exercise or health-and-wellness contact control condition. Structural equation modeling was utilized to demonstrate that relationships among baseline variables conf... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5429645 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 06:47:11 +0100 5429645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5429644&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr6232654v0768757%2F Abstract  Health risk behaviors including smoking and weight-gain can cause and exacerbate chronic diseases like diabetes. Brief provider advice is an effective intervention to reduce risk from these behaviors. However, behavioral advice is provided more often to those who already have a chronic illness when compared with those who are at risk. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the frequency of provider advice for smoking cessation and weight loss varies between overweight or obese smokers with and without diabetes. BRFSS data from a subset of overweight and obese smokers with (n = 848) and without (n = 6,279) diabetes were analyzed to determine differences in reported provider advice. Overweight and obese smokers with diabetes reported re... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5429644 Tue, 15 Nov 2011 06:47:11 +0100 5429644 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405245&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3v588440h42477h5%2F Abstract  Benefits of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) depend on consistent HIV care attendance. However, appointment non-adherence (i.e. missed appointments) is common even in programs that reduce financial barriers. Demographic, health/treatment, and psychosocial contributors to appointment non-adherence were examined among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending HIV primary care. Participants (n = 503) completed questionnaires, and HIV biomarker data were extracted from medical records. At 12 months, records were reviewed to assess HIV primary care appointment non-adherence. Among MSM, 31.2% missed without cancellation at least one appointment during 12-month study period. Independent predictors (P < 0.05) were: low income (OR = 1.87);... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405245 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 07:04:02 +0100 5405245 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5405246&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj874k701t8u27l1w%2F Abstract  Cognitive deficits are frequent after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in the elderly population. In fact, memory and attention deficits can persist several months after the surgery. Recent studies with healthy older adults have shown that memory and attention can be improved through cognitive training programs. The present study examined whether memory training (method of loci and story generation) and attentional training (dual-task computerized training) could improve cognitive functions in patients aged 65 years and older who underwent CABG surgery. Participants (n = 51) were assigned to one of three groups: (1) control group (tested at 1, 3 and 6 months after the surgery), (2) attention training followed by memory training, (3) ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5405246 Wed, 09 Nov 2011 07:04:01 +0100 5405246 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5302659&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0133k5526361434h%2F Abstract  Both habit strength and action planning have been found to moderate the intention-exercise behaviour relationship, but no research exists that has investigated how habit strength and action planning simultaneously influence this relationship. The present study was designed to explore this issue in a prospective sample of undergraduate students (N = 415): action planning, habit strength, intention, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control were assessed at baseline and exercise behaviour was assessed 2 weeks later. Both habit strength and action planning moderated the intention-exercise relationship, with stronger relationship at higher levels of planning or habit strength. Decomposing a significant action planning × hab... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5302659 Fri, 07 Oct 2011 05:49:07 +0100 5302659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5294982&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh31050316177t863%2F Abstract  We explored the effects of uncontrollability and subjective helplessness (SHL) on perceived pain intensity (PPI) in 64 healthy men randomly assigned to groups receiving controllable (C) or uncontrollable (UC) painful electric skin stimuli. SHL (d = 1.43), perceived unpleasantness (d = 1.03), and PPI (d = 0.58) were more pronounced in the UC group than in the C group. Multiple regression and bootstrap analyses for testing mediation showed a direct relationship between stressor uncontrollability and PPI (r = 0.28; P < .05), which disappeared when adjusted for the SHL increase (β = 0.49, P < .001). SHL changes were associated with objective uncontrollability (r = 0.59, P <&nbsp... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5294982 Wed, 05 Oct 2011 05:49:58 +0100 5294982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5283084&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa063242683710887%2F This study examined the relationship between experiences of day-to-day discrimination and two measures of health among Gujaratis, one of the largest ethnic groups of Asian Indians in the U.S. Data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with a random sample of Gujarati men and women aged 18–64 in Metropolitan Detroit (N = 423). Using structural equation modeling, we tested two gender-moderated models of the relationship between day-to-day discrimination and health, one using the single-item general health status and the other using the 4-item emotional wellbeing measure. For both women and men, controlling for socio-demographic and other relevant characteristics, the experience of day-to-day discrimination was associated with worse emotional wellbeing. Ho... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5283084 Thu, 29 Sep 2011 06:07:10 +0100 5283084 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5258415&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5nl0021611033265%2F In this study, we examined health-related and psychosocial correlates of HIV/HCV-coinfection in a clinic sample of MSM. Cross-sectional data were collected from 171 MSM. One-third of the sample was coinfected. Higher rates of depressive and PTSD symptoms were observed in coinfected patients. Coinfected men were more likely to report perfect 30-day medication adherence, but exhibited lower CD4 cell counts and more past year emergency room visits. Despite consistent engagement with care and higher rates of medication adherence, HIV/HCV-coinfected MSM exhibited significantly more mental health problems. Medical and mental health providers should be especially attentive to the mental health status of HIV/HCV-coinfected MSM, despite adequate health behaviors and physical health status. ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5258415 Fri, 23 Sep 2011 05:45:16 +0100 5258415 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5235687&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7w1p134324407824%2F Abstract  This meta-analysis synthesized studies on emotional well-being as predictor of the prognosis of physical illness, while in addition evaluating the impact of putative moderators, namely constructs of well-being, health-related outcome, year of publication, follow-up time and methodological quality of the included studies. The search in reference lists and electronic databases (Medline and PsycInfo) identified 17 eligible studies examining the impact of general well-being, positive affect and life satisfaction on recovery and survival in physically ill patients. Meta-analytically combining these studies revealed a Likelihood Ratio of 1.14, indicating a small but significant effect. Higher levels of emotional well-being are beneficial for recovery and survival in phy... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5235687 Thu, 15 Sep 2011 05:49:42 +0100 5235687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205607&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fuk33tu8v42531833%2F This study expands on the existing research by examining associations between hurtful weight comments by family and a significant other and disordered eating in young adults. Data come from 1,902 young adults (mean age 25) who completed surveys in 1998, 2003 and 2009. Correlations were examined between receiving hurtful comments from family and significant others, and four disordered eating behaviors in young adulthood, adjusting for prior disordered eating and prior teasing. Disordered eating behaviors were common in young adulthood, and were associated with hearing hurtful weight-related comments from family members and a significant other, for both females and males. Disordered eating prevention activities, which include messages about the potential harm associated with hurtful w... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205607 Tue, 06 Sep 2011 15:51:38 +0100 5205607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5181458&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg112x32408126751%2F This study assessed the relationship among nondirective and directive support, and health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, alcohol use) in a community sample of 304 adults. Results revealed that nondirective support was related to greater fruit and vegetable intake and lower alcohol use; directive support was not associated with these behaviors. For physical activity, a similar trend emerged, but support variables did not explain any variance above that explained by demographic variables. These findings offer a unique contribution to the literature, as they suggest that certain types of supportive behaviors are important in encouraging positive health behaviors. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9377-xAuthors Diana W. Ste... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5181458 Mon, 29 Aug 2011 15:59:39 +0100 5181458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158452&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw3w5434j281u60g1%2F This study indicates that in the presence of emotional boosters, loss-framed messages may lose their advantage over gain-framed messages in motivating detection behaviors, and that self-efficacy may partially explain these effects. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9371-3Authors Rebecca A. Ferrer, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd., Room 4083, Rockville, MD 20852, USAWilliam M. P. Klein, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd., Room 4083, Rockville, MD 20852, USALaura E. Zajac, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAStephanie R. Land, Departmen... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158452 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 06:00:51 +0100 5158452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158451&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw47r344362047700%2F Abstract  The current experiment examined whether having choice over treatment options facilitates or inhibits the strength of placebo expectations in the context of pain perception. All participants were exposed to an aversive stimulus (i.e., the cold pressor task), and participants in some conditions were given expectations for two pain-relieving treatments (actually the same inert ointment mixture). Critically, participants in these expectation conditions were also given a choice or not about which of the two treatments they preferred to use. Participants in a control condition were not provided with a treatment expectation. Despite receiving the same inert treatment, participants who had a choice over treatments showed increased placebo analgesia as compared to particip... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158451 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 06:00:51 +0100 5158451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158453&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5085935660235771%2F Abstract  Few studies examine predictors of smoking cessation among medically ill smokers, despite their high smoking prevalence. We prospectively examined barriers to smoking cessation in medically ill smokers, with age as a hypothesized moderator. Participants were smokers (N = 237, M age = 56.1, 53.6% females) receiving home-based nursing care. Baseline self-report questionnaires assessed barriers to cessation (demographics, smoking history, psychosocial, and medical factors). Smoking status was biochemically verified at 2- and 6-months post-intervention. Compared with younger smokers, older smokers had significantly lower levels of nicotine dependence, stress, and depressed mood and a greater prevalence of smoking-related diseases. Older smokers were... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158453 Thu, 18 Aug 2011 06:00:50 +0100 5158453 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5118461&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa55mr47701430v05%2F Abstract  Fruit and vegetable consumption represents a nutritional goal to prevent obesity and chronic illness. To change dietary behaviors, people must be motivated to do so, and they must translate their motivation into actual behavior. The present experiment aims at the psychological mechanisms that support such changes, with a particular focus on dietary self-efficacy and planning skills. A randomized controlled trial compared a theory-based psychological intervention with a health education session in 114 participants. Dependent variables were fruit and vegetable consumption, intention to consume more fruit and vegetables, planning to consume more, and dietary self-efficacy, assessed before the intervention, 1 week afterwards, and at 6-week follow up. Significant ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5118461 Sun, 07 Aug 2011 05:49:35 +0100 5118461 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5107247&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw1255g4064166453%2F This study examined the impact of an ultraviolet (UV) photography intervention and masculinity on college men’s sun protection cognitions, including: perceived vulnerability to skin damage, attitudes toward sun protection, willingness to engage in sun protection behaviors, and intentions to receive a skin cancer exam. After completing a baseline survey, participants (N = 152) viewed a black-and-white photo of their face. Half also viewed a photo showing their UV damage. Participants then completed a second survey assessing sun protection cognitions. Regressions revealed that masculinity predicted lower sun protection cognitions, and men in the UV photograph condition reported higher sun protection cognitions. Masculinity by condition interactions showed that the positive e... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5107247 Fri, 05 Aug 2011 05:58:31 +0100 5107247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5036094&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F20h3n817r01451wk%2F This article introduces a special issue on Spirituality and Health containing 12 full-length research reports to further this welcomed, emerging trend. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9370-4Authors David H. Rosmarin, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USAAmy Wachholtz, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USAAmy Ai, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5036094 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 06:12:27 +0100 5036094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5036093&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1g257r5735n8833%2F Abstract  A recent theory proposes that emotional fainting developed from an earlier adaptive characteristic, fainting in response to hemorrhage. Despite potential loss of consciousness, a dramatic decrease in blood pressure improves chances of survival in animals with severe wounds by reducing blood loss and facilitating clotting. Humans may have developed the characteristic of emotional fainting as a response to anticipated blood loss. This idea suggests that people with stronger fears of blood should be especially susceptible to fainting and milder vasovagal symptoms such as dizziness and lightheadedness. Two samples of young adult blood donors (N = 276 and 663) who completed the Medical Fears Survey (MFS) were studied. Items from the MFS related to fears of bl... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5036093 Wed, 13 Jul 2011 06:12:27 +0100 5036093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5019137&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ftnx62564373vt614%2F The objectives of this study were to establish distinct symptom clusters in ACS patients, and to investigate whether the experience of different types of symptom clusters are associated with posttraumatic symptom intensity at six months. ACS patients were interviewed in hospital within 48 h of admission, 294 patients provided information on symptoms before hospitalisation, and cluster analysis was used to identify patterns. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed in 156 patients at six months. Three symptom clusters were identified; pain symptoms, diffuse symptoms and symptoms of dyspnea. In multiple regression analyses, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors, the pain symptoms cluster (β = .153, P = .044) emerged as ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5019137 Sat, 09 Jul 2011 06:20:00 +0100 5019137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4997421&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc77m3m52935755x1%2F This study suggested a promising avenue to incorporate subjective SES in health disparities research, especially among immigrants. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9367-zAuthors Fang Gong, Department of Sociology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 46037, USAJun Xu, Department of Sociology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 46037, USADavid T. Takeuchi, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4997421 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 17:48:43 +0100 4997421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4997422&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4351156587056841%2F In this study, we examine whether the effect of objective physical functioning on subjective physical functioning is modified by health-specific optimism and self-efficacy. A longitudinal study with three measurement points over 6 months and 309 older adults (aged 65–85) with multimorbidity was conducted. Subjective physical functioning was regressed on objective physical functioning, health-specific optimism and self-efficacy. Subjective physical functioning was predicted by both objective physical functioning and optimism as a mediator. Moreover, an interaction between optimism and self-efficacy was found: Optimism predicted subjective physical functioning only for individuals with low self-efficacy. Subjective physical functioning is as much based on objective physical func... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4997422 Thu, 30 Jun 2011 17:48:42 +0100 4997422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4992472&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0624638668833377%2F Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-1DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9365-1Authors John E. Pérez, Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA 94117, USAAmy Rex Smith, Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USARebecca L. Norris, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USAKatia M. Canenguez, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USAElizabeth F. Tracey, Visiting Nurse and Hospice Care of Southwestern Connecticut, Stamford, CT, USASusan B. DeCristofaro, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4992472 Wed, 29 Jun 2011 15:50:58 +0100 4992472 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968323&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F78x25634uk57033r%2F This study examined multiple types of forgiveness as predictors of mortality and potential psychosocial, spiritual, and health mechanisms of the effects of forgiveness on longevity. Data from a nationally representative sample of United States adults ages 66 and older assessed forgiveness, health, religiousness/spirituality, and socio-demographics (N = 1,232). God’s unconditional forgiveness and conditional forgiveness of others initially emerged as statistically significant predictors of mortality risk. However, only conditional forgiveness of others remained a significant predictor of mortality after controlling for religious, socio-demographic, and health behavior variables. Mediators of the association between conditional forgiveness of others and mortality were examin... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968323 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 16:14:57 +0100 4968323 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968322&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7015r6725585264u%2F Abstract  To test whether forming and memorizing more action plans has larger effects than generating fewer plans. In a randomized controlled trial with five intervention groups and one control group, 478 participants were asked to form one, two, three, four, or five action plans, or to complete questionnaires only (control group). One week later, behavior change was measured and participants of the intervention groups completed a free recall task. Outcome measures are daily intake of fruit and vegetables as well as recall of plans. Fruit and vegetable intake increased with higher numbers of plans, and was significantly larger in groups that formed four (d = 0.36) or five plans (d = 0.48) as compared to controls. The sum of recalled plans reflected the nu... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968322 Fri, 24 Jun 2011 16:14:57 +0100 4968322 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968324&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk756241436860u31%2F This study proposes the use of an adaptation of the Organ Donation Model to explore the ways in which knowledge, trust in the donation/allocation process, and religious beliefs impact African American donation decision making. Bivariate and path analyses demonstrated that alignment with religious beliefs was the greatest driving factor with respect to attitudes towards donation; attitudes were significantly associated with donation intentions; and knowledge is directly associated with intentions to serve as a potential deceased organ donor. The significance of these variables speaks to the importance of their inclusion in a model that focuses on the African American population and offers new direction for more effective donation education efforts. Content Type Journal ArticlePag... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968324 Thu, 23 Jun 2011 06:04:46 +0100 4968324 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968325&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F55n56310385t3t46%2F Abstract  Individuals frequently have difficulty understanding how behavior can reduce genetically-conferred risk for diseases such as colon cancer. With increasing opportunities to purchase genetic tests, communication strategies are needed for presenting information in ways that optimize comprehension and adaptive behavior. Using the Common-Sense Model, we tested the efficacy of a strategy for providing information about the relationships (links) among the physiological processes underlying disease risk and protective action on understanding, protective action motivations, and willingness to purchase tests. We tested the generalizability of the strategy’s effects across varying risk levels, for genetic tests versus tests of a non-genetic biomarker, and when using graphi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968325 Wed, 22 Jun 2011 15:58:37 +0100 4968325 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968326&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F42m456k101662144%2F Abstract  Self-regulation theory and research suggests that different types of mental imagery can promote goal-directed behaviors. The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of approach imagery (attainment of desired goal states) and process imagery (steps for enacting behavior) in promoting physical activity among inactive individuals. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 182 inactive adults who received one of four interventions for generating mental images related to physical activity over a 4-week period, with Approach Imagery (approach versus neutral) and Process Imagery (process versus no process) as the intervention strategies. Participants received imagery training and practiced daily. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that Approach Imagery: ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968326 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:55:16 +0100 4968326 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968327&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F87142305m0062576%2F Abstract  In general, social support from family members affects chronic illness outcomes, but evidence on which specific family behaviors are most important to adult patient outcomes has not been summarized. We systematically reviewed studies examining the effect of specific family member behaviors and communication patterns on adult chronic illness self-management and clinical outcomes. Thirty studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified, representing 22 participant cohorts, and including adults with arthritis, chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and/or end stage renal disease. Family emphasis on self-reliance and personal achievement, family cohesion, and attentive responses to symptoms were associated with better patient outcomes. Critical, overprotective, c... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968327 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 20:38:16 +0100 4968327 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4968328&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3332521347606480%2F Abstract  In diabetes patients, depression is correlated with diabetes-specific emotional distress, and observational studies have suggested that diabetes distress may have a greater impact on diabetes outcomes than depression itself. To examine the relative effects of change in depressive symptoms and change in diabetes distress on change in glycemic control, we conducted a diabetes self-management education intervention in 234 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, and measured glycemic control (HbA1c), depressive symptoms (CES-D), and diabetes distress (PAID) at baseline and 6 months. In multiple linear regression, change in depressive symptoms was not associated with change in HbA1c (P = 0.23). Change in diabetes distress was significantly associated with change... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4968328 Tue, 21 Jun 2011 18:34:35 +0100 4968328 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933727&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb725l34025j15630%2F Abstract  The present study is a waitlist-controlled investigation of the impact of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on mindful attentiveness, rumination and blood pressure (BP) in women with cancer. Female post-treatment cancer patients were recruited from the MBSR program waitlist. Participants completed self-report measures of mindfulness and rumination and measured casual BP at home before and after the 8-week MBSR program or waiting period. MBSR group participants demonstrated higher levels of mindful attentiveness and decreased ruminative thinking following the intervention but no difference in BP, when compared to controls. In the MBSR group, decreases in rumination correlated with decreases in SBP and increases in mindful attention. When participa... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933727 Sun, 12 Jun 2011 05:59:58 +0100 4933727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4933728&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq74m2kr447192474%2F Abstract  Previous research has indicated that anxiety may be associated with adverse health outcomes in heart failure patients. Little research, however, has explored whether anxiety interacts with patients’ coping strategies in their associations with physical functioning. The present study examined whether coping strategies moderated the association between anxiety and self-rated physical functioning in 273 heart failure patients. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, adjusting for demographic and medical covariates, indicated that both anxiety (b = 1.15, β = 0.46, P < 0.001) and avoidant coping (b = 0.43, β = 0.16, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with poorer physical functioning in separate... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4933728 Fri, 10 Jun 2011 06:42:11 +0100 4933728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4921196&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn14217m043030r66%2F Abstract  Although depressive symptoms have been linked to stroke, most research has been in relatively ethnically homogeneous, predominantly white, samples. Using the United States based Health and Retirement Study, we compared the relationships between elevated depressive symptoms and incident first stroke for Hispanic, black, or white/other participants (N = 18,648) and estimated the corresponding Population Attributable Fractions. The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms was higher in blacks (27%) and Hispanics (33%) than whites/others (18%). Elevated depressive symptoms prospectively predicted stroke risk in the whites/other group (HR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.36–1.73) and among blacks (HR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.65). The HR was similar bu... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4921196 Wed, 08 Jun 2011 15:48:38 +0100 4921196 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4921197&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl2w1367077016w54%2F This study examined the timing of smoking onset during mid- or late adolescence and the time-varying effects of refusal self-efficacy, parental and sibling smoking behavior, smoking behavior of friends and best friend, and parental smoking-specific communication. We used data from five annual waves of the ‘Family and Health’ project. In total, 428 adolescents and their parents participated at baseline. Only never smokers were included at baseline (n = 272). A life table and Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that 51% of all adolescents who did not smoke at baseline did not start smoking within 4 years. The risk for smoking onset during mid- or late adolescence is rather stable (hazard ratio between 16 and 19). Discrete-time survival analyses revealed that low refu... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4921197 Sat, 04 Jun 2011 05:52:41 +0100 4921197 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902153&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F768q371580671vv4%2F Abstract  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to present nationally representative findings on the co-occurrence of obesity and specific patterns of alcohol use associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among adults in the United States. We analyzed data from 8,373 adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We produced prevalence ratios by using the co-occurrence of obesity (i.e., body mass index ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 or waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women) and specific patterns of alcohol use (i.e., non-drinkers, non-excessive drinkers... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902153 Fri, 27 May 2011 18:11:57 +0100 4902153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4902154&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe486q41016764108%2F This study explored laboratory cardiovascular reactivity (blood pressure, heart rate) to psychological stress among middle aged community dwelling individuals grouped by religious motivation (Intrinsic, Pro-religious, Non-religious). Measures of personality, cynical hostility, aggression, sense of coherence, and compassion were administered. Results indicated that the Pro-religious group demonstrated dampened reactivity compared to the other research groups. However, the Pro-religious also demonstrated a less positive psychological profile (e.g., greater cynicism, aggression, and neuroticism; less compassion and sense of coherence) and poorer self-reported health compared with the Intrinsic group and behavioral observations demonstrated that the Pro-religious were unreliable in keepi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4902154 Sat, 21 May 2011 23:05:57 +0100 4902154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862277&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq515220j7342rg52%2F Abstract  Suppression of anger may be linked to heightened pain report and pain behavior during a subsequent painful event among chronic low back patients, but it is not clear whether these effects are partly accounted for by increased physiological reactivity during suppression. Chronic low back pain patients (N = 58) were assigned to Suppression or No Suppression conditions for a “cooperative” computer maze task during which a confederate harassed them. During baseline and maze task, patients’ lower paraspinal and trapezius muscle tension, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. After the maze task, patients underwent a structured pain behavior task (behaviors were videotaped and coded). Results showed that: (a) Suppression condition patients revealed ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862277 Fri, 20 May 2011 05:54:03 +0100 4862277 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4852721&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F218t7t8535756127%2F Abstract  To determine whether MBSR groups would help gay men living with HIV improve psychosocial functioning and increase mindfulness compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Methods: 117 participants were randomized 2:1 to MBSR or TAU. No new psychosocial or psychopharmacological interventions were initiated within 2 months of baseline. Standardized questionnaires were administered pre-, postintervention and at 6 months. An intent-to-treat analysis found significant benefits of MBSR: at post-intervention and 6 months follow up, MBSR participants had significantly lower avoidance in IES and higher positive affect compared to controls. MBSR participants developed more mindfulness as measured by the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) including both TMS subscales, c... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4852721 Thu, 19 May 2011 16:34:57 +0100 4852721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4820621&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F05nx7vv183121585%2F Abstract  Individuals diagnosed with lung and head and neck (HN) cancers and their spouses are at increased risk for distress. This study assessed whether the way couples communicate about cancer and their perceptions of relationship intimacy influenced both partners’ adjustment. One-hundred thirty-nine patients and their spouses [For purposes of clarity, we refer to the patients’ intimate partner as the spouse, regardless of actual marital status and we reserve the term partner to refer to the other person in the couple (i.e., the patient’s partner is the spouse and the spouse’s partner is the patient)] completed measures of spousal communication, intimacy, and distress at three time points over 6 months. Using multilevel modeling, an over-time actor-partner i... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4820621 Tue, 10 May 2011 06:02:45 +0100 4820621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4813061&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw7gu60077815vnx7%2F This study tested whether Type D individuals exhibit an interpretative bias for ambiguous social situations. For this aim we examined Type D and non-Type D individuals’ evaluations of written social situations that varied in terms of situations’ clarity (clear, ambiguous) and social judgment (neutral, negative). A convenience sample of 42 young, healthy adults rated each situation in relation to the difficulty of formulating a verbal response, anticipated distress, and perceived threat, and they completed the Type D personality scale (DS14; Denollet, 2005). Results showed an interpretation bias among Type D individuals, as they rated ambiguous or neutral situations as significantly more distressing compared to non-Type D individuals. Only clearly negative situations were rated sim... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4813061 Sat, 07 May 2011 15:44:07 +0100 4813061 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4780202&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw59118561jp82006%2F This study investigated the validity of the Type D construct in Iceland and its association with disease severity and health-related risk markers in cardiac patients. A sample of 1,452 cardiac patients completed the Type D scale (DS14), and a subgroup of 161 patients completed measurements for the five-factor model of personality, emotional control, anxiety, depression, stress and lifestyle factors. The Icelandic DS14 had good psychometric properties and its construct validity was confirmed. Prevalence of Type D was 26–29%, and assessment of Type D personality was not confounded by severity of underlying coronary artery disease. Regarding risk markers, Type D patients reported more psychopharmacological medication use and smoking, but frequency of previous mental problems was simil... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4780202 Fri, 29 Apr 2011 15:47:19 +0100 4780202 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4753532&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj00507x2l1377532%2F This study affirms the importance to distinguish between pain severity and pain tolerance, and indicates that prayer can play a role in pain management, especially for religious pain patients. Further, the findings can be framed within the transactional theory of stress and coping as the results indicate that positive re-appraisal might be an important underlying mechanism in the association between prayer and pain. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9348-2Authors Jessie Dezutter, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 bus 3715, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumAmy Wachholtz, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USAJozef Corveleyn, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 bus 371... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4753532 Fri, 22 Apr 2011 16:03:56 +0100 4753532 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4744768&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe582330056m325qq%2F Abstract  To investigate prevalence and severity of symptoms and symptom clustering in breast cancer survivors who attended MBSR(BC). Women were randomly assigned into MBSR(BC) or Usual Care (UC). Eligible women were ≥ 21 years, had been diagnosed with breast cancer and completed treatment within 18 months of enrollment. Symptoms and interference with daily living were measured pre- and post-MBSR(BC) using the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory. Symptoms were reported as highly prevalent but severity was low. Fatigue was the most frequently reported and severe symptom among groups. Symptoms clustered into 3 groups and improved in both groups. At baseline, both MBSR(BC) and the control groups showed similar mean symptom severity and interference; however, ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4744768 Wed, 20 Apr 2011 06:01:25 +0100 4744768 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4744769&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F62032250v3274p65%2F The objective of this study is to examine how chronic stress in major life domains [relationship, work, sympathetic-caregiving, financial] relates to CVD risk, operationalized using the inflammatory marker C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and whether gender differences exist. Participants were 6,583 individuals aged 45–84 years, recruited as part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Demographic and behavioral factors, health history, and chronic stress were self-reported. CRP was obtained through venous blood draw. In aggregate, gender by chronic stress interaction effects accounted for a significant, albeit small, amount of variance in CRP (P < .01). The sympathetic-caregiving stress by gender interaction was significant (P < .01); the work stress b... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4744769 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 07:17:07 +0100 4744769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4744770&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmxj13n5817259n25%2F Abstract  Although nearly one-third of older diabetics are cognitively impaired, their diabetes management remains poorly understood. To examine the relationship between cognitive impairment and diabetes self-management in a population-based community sample of older adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional observational analysis. 1,398 persons with diabetes, aged 60 years or older, who responded to the 2003 Health and Retirement Study Diabetes Survey. We conducted logistic regressions on the effects of cognitive impairment on respondents’ self-management ability after controlling for diabetes comorbidities, demographics, and clinical characteristics. Participants with greater cognitive impairment were less likely to adhere to exercise (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR]&... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4744770 Tue, 19 Apr 2011 07:17:06 +0100 4744770 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723608&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fvp20mx0541m21656%2F Abstract  Growing research has demonstrated a link between spiritual well-being and better health; however, little is known about possible physiological mechanisms. In a sample of highly religious healthy male and female adults (n = 100) ages 19–59 (m = 28.28) we examined the influence of spiritual well-being, as measured by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-Ex), on physiological risk factors for heart disease. Specifically we examined 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP), inflammation (hs-C-reactive protein), fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Regression analyses reveal that higher levels of spiritual-wellness (total FACIT-Sp-Ex score) was significantly related to lower systolic ambulatory BP (β =&... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723608 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:40 +0100 4723608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723610&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk47w35348371x5n0%2F We examined the association between different types of prayer and depressive symptoms—with rumination and social support as potential mediators—in a sample of predominantly White, Christian, and female ambulatory cancer patients. In a cross-sectional design, 179 adult cancer outpatients completed measures of prayer, rumination, social support, depressive symptoms, and demographic variables. Type and stage of cancer were collected from electronic medical charts. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with adoration prayer (r = −.15), reception prayer (r = −.17), thanksgiving prayer (r = −.29), and prayer for the well-being of others (r = −.26). In the path analysis, rumination fully mediated the link between thanksgiving prayer... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723610 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:38 +0100 4723610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723609&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F45q455134q017r34%2F Abstract  The cognitive-behavioural model of health anxiety hypothesizes that the degree of health threat experienced by an individual is a function of the perceived: (1) likelihood of illness; (2) awfulness of illness; (3) difficulty coping with illness; and (4) inadequacy of medical services. While research has examined cognitions in health anxiety, it is not known whether these cognitions predict health anxiety in individuals who do or do not report medical conditions and whether these cognitions are uniquely related to health anxiety. After developing the Health Cognitions Questionnaire to assess these specific cognitions, we examined the extent to which the cognitions predicted health anxiety and poor response to reassurance in a healthy community sample (n =&nbsp... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723609 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:38 +0100 4723609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723611&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3552363230r58270%2F Abstract  Although neurocognitive impairment is an established risk factor for medication nonadherence, standard neurocognitive tests developed for clinical purposes may not fully capture the complexities of non-adherence behavior or effectively inform theory-driven interventions. Prospective memory, an innovative cognitive construct describing one’s ability to remember to do something at a later time, is an understudied factor in the detection and remediation of medication non-adherence. This review orients researchers to the construct of prospective memory, summarizes empirical evidence for prospective memory as a risk factor for non-adherence, discusses the relative merits of current measurement techniques, and highlights potential prospective memory-focused interventi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723611 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:37 +0100 4723611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723612&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj66741442t4618l0%2F We examined age- and ethnicity-related differences in participants’ responses to the items. We also used structural equation modeling to test whether these items reflect a multidimensional, disease-specific latent construct of risk perception; and to test whether consistency exists in participants’ disease-specific risk perceptions. Despite differences in responses to individual items, hypothesized models of perceived risk fit both age groups, suggesting that risk perception can be conceptualized in younger and middle-aged women as a multidimensional construct that is specific to disease yet reflective of global risk-related beliefs. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-15DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9342-8Authors Jada G. Hamilton, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University,... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723612 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:36 +0100 4723612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4723613&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F243t686161407262%2F Abstract  Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States and have significant behavioral origins. African Americans suffer a disproportionate burden of chronic disease relative to other US racial/ethnic groups. Previous research supports an association between both general and religious social support and health behaviors that impact the risk of chronic disease. The present study examined the relative contributions of these constructs to a variety of health behaviors in a national probability sample of African American men and women (N = 2,370). A telephone interview assessing fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and current cigarette use was completed by participants. Results showed that sev... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4723613 Tue, 12 Apr 2011 21:32:35 +0100 4723613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709062&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh8j55218x6936kr5%2F Abstract  The association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity was assessed in 4,150 US adolescents aged 12–19 years from the 2001–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight and height were measured by health professionals and MDD was based on a structured diagnostic interview. The prevalence of MDD in the past year among US adolescents was 3.2% and 16.8% of US adolescents were obese. After adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity and poverty, MDD was not significantly associated with obesity among adolescents overall (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–2.9), but an increased odds of obesity was observed among males (adjOR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–7.1) and non-... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709062 Sat, 09 Apr 2011 15:48:45 +0100 4709062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4709063&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0153v8300v200118%2F Abstract  Despite an abundance of literature documenting the prevalence and dangers of youth tobacco use, there is a relative dearth of literature in the area of effective cessation treatments for youth (Fiore et al. in Clinical tobacco guideline: treating tobacco use and dependence, 2008). Additionally, although it has been widely accepted that mental illness is highly correlated with tobacco use and dependence, little research has been done to support prevention and cessation efforts for youth with mental illnesses. This paper summarizes the literature on tobacco use and cessation in youth, with a focus on describing the existing knowledge base for youth with mental illnesses. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-10DOI 10.1007/s10865-011-9336-6Authors Tamara DeHay, W... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4709063 Fri, 08 Apr 2011 20:56:06 +0100 4709063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4653099&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F90134h7720x8180g%2F Abstract  Higher levels of religious and spiritual engagement have been shown to be associated with better adjustment in dealing with serious illness. Nevertheless, the pattern of such engagement may vary substantially among individuals. This paper presents exploratory research with the goal of identifying subgroups of individuals with non-terminal cancer who vary along multiple dimensions of religious/spiritual (R/S) involvement and well-being. Cluster analysis utilized both R/S (FACIT-Sp) and quality of life variables (e.g., FACT-G) to identify subgroups within 114 individuals (Median age = 65; 59% female) under care for cancer. Additional R/S and adjustment variables were used to explore further distinctions among these groups. Four clusters were identified: Hi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4653099 Sun, 27 Mar 2011 05:46:08 +0100 4653099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642439&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd6626r28186x4x7q%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between control beliefs, socioeconomic status and exercise intentions and behavior. Specifically, we examined whether distal and proximal control beliefs mediated the association between socioeconomic status and exercise intentions and behavior. A one time, cross sectional mail out survey (N = 350) was conducted in a large urban Canadian city. Distal (i.e., personal constraints) and proximal (i.e., scheduling self-efficacy) control beliefs mediated the association between socioeconomic status and exercise, explaining approximately 30% of the variance. Proximal control beliefs (i.e., scheduling self-efficacy) partially mediated the association between socioeconomic status and intentions, with the mo... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642439 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:53:44 +0100 4642439 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4642440&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl2163u70738n217m%2F This study explored the role of both traditional religiousness and of experiencing reverence in religious and secular (e.g., naturalistic, moralistic) contexts in postoperative hospital length of stay among middle-aged and older patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Reverence was broadly defined as “feeling or attitude of deep respect, love, and awe, as for something sacred.” Information on demographics, faith factors, mental health, and medical comorbidities was collected from 400 + patients (age 62 ± 12) around 2 weeks before surgery via personal interview. Standardized medical indices were retrieved from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ national database. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that reverence in secular contexts predicted shorter... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4642440 Fri, 25 Mar 2011 18:53:43 +0100 4642440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540443&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp54284m81211k187%2F Abstract  Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction is a secular behavioral medicine program that has roots in meditative spiritual practices. Thus, spirituality may partly explain Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction outcomes. Participants (N = 279; M (SD) age = 45(12); 75% women) completed an online survey before and after an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that, following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, the relationship between enhanced mindfulness and improved health-related quality of life is mediated by increased daily spiritual experiences. Changes in both spirituality and mindfulness were significantly related to improvement in mental health. Although the initial mediation ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540443 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:48:44 +0100 4540443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540444&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx156p6l561334173%2F We examined the correlation between perceived racism and the two physiological stress indices of cortisol level and blood pressure in 146 adult Native Hawaiians. Attributed and felt racism were assessed with a 10-item shortened version of the Oppression Questionnaire. Height, weight, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol samples (AM and PM) were collected and analyzed along with information on Hawaiian ancestry, BMI, age, sex, marital status, education level, general psychological stress, and ethnic identity. The results indicated that Native Hawaiians reporting more attributed racism had significantly (P < .05) lower average cortisol levels than those reporting less attributed racism, after adjusting for socio-demographic, biological, and psychosocial confounders. Nativ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540444 Mon, 28 Feb 2011 16:48:43 +0100 4540444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540445&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F80817w5123172m97%2F Abstract  Traumatic experiences are common among populations living with HIV; furthermore, the minority stress model indicates that sexual minority group members, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes after exposure to trauma, given the stress of minority stigma. The current study examined the prevalence of traumatic events and the impact of these events on trauma symptoms in a sample of 113 MSM and 51 men who have sex with women (MSW) who are living with HIV/AIDS. Rates of experiencing trauma were similar for both MSM and MSW. However, MSM, as sexual minority group members, were more likely to report symptoms of trauma and dissociation than MSW. The current study indicates that MSM may experience additional n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540445 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:08:00 +0100 4540445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540446&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7p32m741041860n5%2F This study examined the effects of making access to television (TV) viewing contingent on physical activity on the liking and reinforcing value of TV and attitudes towards physical activity in overweight and obese children. Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial designed to increase physical activity and reduce TV viewing in 30, 8–12 years old overweight or obese children by making access to TV contingent on physical activity (intervention) or free access to TV (control). Liking of TV and physical activity was measured by a 100 point visual analog scale, while the relative reinforcing value of TV in relation to physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire based on behavioural choice paradigm that provided children an opportunity to work (button pres... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540446 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:07:59 +0100 4540446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4540447&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn1630r517n2rnp36%2F Abstract  Researchers have identified health implications of religiosity and spirituality but have rarely addressed differences between these dimensions. The associations of religiosity and spirituality with physical and mental health were examined in a national sample (N = 890) after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (9/11). Health information was collected before 9/11 and health, religiosity, and spirituality were assessed longitudinally during six waves of data collection over the next 3 years. Religiosity (i.e., participation in religious social structures) predicted higher positive affect (β = .12), fewer cognitive intrusions (β = −.07), and lower odds of new onset mental (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = .88) and musc... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4540447 Thu, 24 Feb 2011 00:07:58 +0100 4540447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4512266&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl5m6rj37185ng75n%2F This study assessed the predictive relationship between View of God beliefs and change in CD4-cell and Viral Load (VL) in HIV positive people over an extended period. A diverse sample of HIVseropositive participants (N = 101) undergoing comprehensive psychological assessment and blood draws over the course of 4 years completed the View of God Inventory with subscales measuring Positive View (benevolent/forgiving) and Negative View of God (harsh/judgmental/punishing). Adjusting for initial disease status, age, gender, ethnicity, education, and antiretroviral medication (at every 6-month visit), a Positive View of God predicted significantly slower disease-progression (better preservation of CD4-cells, better control of VL), whereas a Negative View of God predicted faster... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4512266 Mon, 21 Feb 2011 17:08:26 +0100 4512266 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4489476&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3228230216351mw%2F Abstract  Many college women are at risk for pregnancy, and binge drinking college women are often at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Brief interventions with sustainable outcomes are needed, particularly for college women who are binge drinking, at risk for pregnancy, and at increased risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Two-hundred-twenty-eight women at a Mid-Atlantic urban university at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy enrolled in the randomized clinical trial, and 207 completed the 4 month follow-up. The BALANCE intervention used Motivational Interviewing plus feedback to target drinking and contraception behaviors. Main outcome measures included (1) the rate of risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy, (2) the rate of risk drinking, and (3) the rate of pregnancy ris... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4489476 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:06:22 +0100 4489476 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4489475&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy17178317x304227%2F This study tested 1–3 weeks predictors of unsuccessful scan outcomes (i.e., scan trials in which the participant moved excessively or prematurely terminated the scan) in older adults with GAD (n = 39) and age- and sex-matched nonanxious controls (n = 21). It was hypothesized that successful completion of a prior MRI scan, clinical status (GAD versus control), and scores on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI; Peterson et al. 1986), a measure tapping psychological aspects of medical interventions, would predict scan outcome when current diagnoses of claustrophobia were controlled. In logistic regression analyses, unsuccessful scan outcome was predicted by prior MRI completion and ASI Mental Concerns subscale scores, but not clinical status. This model correct... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4489475 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:06:22 +0100 4489475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4489477&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx7741u7j4p7397p0%2F We examined the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and adherence among 214 African American males. Because PLHA may experience discrimination, potentially in the form of traumatic stress (e.g., hate crimes), we also examined whether perceived discrimination (related to race, HIV status, sexual orientation) is an explanatory variable in the relationship between PTSD and adherence. Adherence, monitored electronically over 6 months, was negatively correlated with PTSD total and re-experiencing symptom severity; all 3 discrimination types were positively correlated with PTSD symptoms and negatively correlated with adherence. Each discrimination type separately mediated the relationship between PTSD and adherence; when both PTSD and discrimination were included in the model, ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4489477 Mon, 14 Feb 2011 07:06:21 +0100 4489477 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470243&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq1kk440lr23383l5%2F Abstract  Patients make medical decisions in consultation with their partner, family, and friends. However, little is known about the ways in which these close others influence their decisions, particularly with respect to discrete decisions such as those related to medical treatments. This cross-sectional study investigated their influence on the surgical decisions of inflammatory bowel disease patients referred for surgery to remove their colon (N = 91). Guided by research on social control and classic research on power and influence in close relationships, we identified four types of close other decision influence: persuasion, assistance with understanding, indirect influence, and negative influence. Linear logistic and regression analyses showed that patients w... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470243 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 06:52:40 +0100 4470243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4470244&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg27jh064612v0512%2F Abstract  Previous research in the general population suggests that intrinsic religiosity moderates (mitigates) the effect of poor physical health on depression. However, few studies have focused specifically on the Jewish community. We therefore examined these variables in a cross-sectional sample of 89 Orthodox and 123 non-Orthodox Jews. Based on previous research suggesting that non-Orthodox Judaism values religious mental states (e.g., beliefs) less and a collectivist social religiosity more, as compared to Orthodox Judaism, we hypothesized that the moderating effect of intrinsic religiosity would mediated by social support among non-Orthodox but not Orthodox Jews. As predicted, results indicated that the relationship between physical health and depression was moderated... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4470244 Thu, 10 Feb 2011 06:52:39 +0100 4470244 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464379&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg34g535620695878%2F Abstract  Causal attributions made by patients for their coronary heart disease may contribute to gender differences in emotional adjustment. The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in causal attributions and to analyze the associations between causal attributions and depressive symptomatology in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Nine hundred and seventy-nine patients (mean age 66.8 years, 19.9% women) completed a modified version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) 1–3 days before CABG-surgery and 1 year after surgery. Men were more likely to name their health behavior (men: 40.2%, women: 26.9%, P < .001) as a cau... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464379 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 21:18:33 +0100 4464379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464380&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F89m073767101g41t%2F Abstract  Repressive adaptation has been conceptualized as one pathway to psychological resilience in children with cancer, but the physiological costs of maintaining a repressive adaptive style are currently unknown. The goal of this study was to examine physiological functioning as a function of adaptive style in children with cancer (N = 120) and healthy controls (N = 120). Children completed self-report measures of state anxiety and defensiveness prior to participating in three verbal stress tasks while monitoring blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and electrodermal response, and rated their anxiety following each task. Findings indicated no consistent differences in baseline indices and physiological reactivity as a function of adaptive style or heal... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464380 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 21:18:29 +0100 4464380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4459689&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd2787661k5574240%2F Abstract  Worship attendance has been associated with longer survival in prospective cohort studies. A possible explanation is that religious involvement may promote healthier lifestyle choices. Therefore, we examined whether attendance is associated with healthy behaviors, i.e. use of preventive medicine services, non-smoking, moderate drinking, exercising regularly, and with healthy dietary habits. The population included 71,689 post-menopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative observational study free of chronic diseases at baseline. Attendance and lifestyle behaviors information was collected at baseline using self-administered questionnaires. Healthy behaviors were modeled as a function of attendance using logistic regression. After adjustment for confo... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4459689 Tue, 08 Feb 2011 13:15:26 +0100 4459689 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4441931&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff307n21010410668%2F Abstract  Religious individuals are more likely to engage in healthy practices, including using preventive services; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. To begin addressing this, the current study examines the association between religious attendance, four aspects of congregational support, two health-related religious beliefs, and the use of preventive services (cholesterol screening, flu shot, and colonoscopy) among a national sample of Presbyterian adults (n = 1,076). The findings show that two aspects of congregational support are relevant to these types of behavioral health. First, church-based health activities are significantly related to the use of cholesterol screenings and flu shots (OR = 1.13, P < ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4441931 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 08:47:04 +0100 4441931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4441930&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp884857443351q75%2F This study revealed that the prevalence of current smokers was 21.7. Seventy-one percent of current cigarette smokers were minimally nicotine dependent. Major depressive and anxiety disorders were significantly higher among current smokers. Hierarchical regression analysis shows that, male, older age, smoking of close relatives and friends, anxiety disorders and socializing motives were statistically significant determinants of current smoking status among the included adolescents. Family members should be made aware of the detrimental influence their smoking behavior has on their youth. Counseling and preventive psychiatric services should be an integral part of the clinical facilities caring for secondary school students. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-12DOI 10.1007/s1086... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4441930 Tue, 01 Feb 2011 08:47:04 +0100 4441930 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4428884&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw1r3t08550031117%2F We examined associations of religious struggle and subsequent mental and physical well-being in 101 endstage CHF patients who completed questionnaires twice over 3 months. Religious struggle predicted higher number of nights subsequently hospitalized, higher depression, and marginally lower life satisfaction. When controlling for baseline levels of well-being, effectively assessing change in those outcomes, religious struggle remained a significant predictor of hospitalization and also emerged as a marginally significant predictor of lower physical functioning. Struggle was unrelated to health-related quality of life. Post-hoc analyses suggest that these effects were particularly strong for those endorsing greater religious identification. Religious struggle appears to have a po... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4428884 Sat, 29 Jan 2011 17:18:55 +0100 4428884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4411422&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F716l014uk61p626l%2F This study evaluated the use of voter-registration records for recruiting a representative sample of community-dwelling, older, and overweight participants for research on improving measures of diet and physical activity. County voter-registration records were used to identify individuals between 45 and 75 years of age and living in the two cities closest to the research lab. The data were collected from July, 2007 through November, 2008. Prospective participants were mailed an introductory letter and opt-out postcard, and received a follow-up recruitment phone call in which they underwent further screening if interested in participating. The representativeness of the final voter-recruited sample (N = 191) was evaluated by comparisons of demographic variables with Beha... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4411422 Mon, 24 Jan 2011 18:02:44 +0100 4411422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4405519&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe27k64t42r955530%2F Abstract  Disease-modifying treatments are designed to prevent exacerbations in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, few studies have examined the relationship between disease activity and treatment adherence in MS. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between disease activity (e.g., annualized relapse rates), medication adherence, and appointment adherence in relapsing-remitting MS. Retrospective exacerbation and appointment data were collected and used to predict prospective medication adherence. Results indicated that patients with higher annualized relapse rates missed fewer doses of medication and were less likely to miss appointments. Conversely, patients with relatively stable disease were more likely to demonstrate poor medication adherence and ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4405519 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 20:13:20 +0100 4405519 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4405520&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F0x570t72719v224u%2F Abstract  Acceptance and chronic pain is an emerging topic both for research and intervention. Initial studies have demonstrated that acceptance is correlated with higher quality of daily emotional, social, and physical functioning in chronic pain populations. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the nature of the relationship between acceptance, appraisals that are relevant to chronic pain (i.e., control and catastrophizing), and coping among migraine headache sufferers. Seventy four participants with migraine headaches completed self report measures assessing appraisal, coping strategies, acceptance, and pain related disability. Sixty three participants also completed a 28-day daily dairy assessing headache activity, catastrophizing, control, acceptance, and co... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4405520 Sat, 22 Jan 2011 07:02:39 +0100 4405520 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343015&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr648j70672059144%2F Abstract  This 12-month, 2 arm, single blind randomized controlled exercise trial examined relationships among changes in multidimensional self-esteem as a function of intervention mode (i.e., walking vs. flexibility-toning-balance). Data were collected on three equidistant occasions (baseline, 6 and 12 months). One-hundred seventy-nine older adults (M age = 66.38) began the study and 145 completed assessments at all time points. Participants completed measures of physical and global self-esteem as well as demographic information. There were no significant group differences at baseline on these demographic indicators or esteem variables. Data were analyzed using linear and parallel process growth modeling procedures. Results supported the position that across... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343015 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 20:06:13 +0100 4343015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343016&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbgx4v3k254266025%2F Abstract  Based on attribution theory, this study hypthesized that past spousal supportiveness may act as a moderator of the link between one partner’s current support behavior and the other partner’s relationship satisfaction. A sample of 88 patients with colorectal cancer and their partners completed questionnaires approximately 3 and 9 months after diagnosis. The data were analyzed employing dyadic data analytic approaches. In the short-term, spousal active engagement—which involved discussing feelings and engaging in joint problem solving—was positively associated with relationship satisfaction in patients as well as in partners, but only when past spousal support was relatively low. Spousal protective buffering—which involved hiding worries and fears and ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343016 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 16:14:51 +0100 4343016 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343017&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa55r3k82945jtx83%2F Abstract  The present study tested a mediational model of the role of religious involvement, spirituality, and physical/emotional functioning in a sample of African American men and women with cancer. Several mediators were proposed based on theory and previous research, including sense of meaning, positive and negative affect, and positive and negative religious coping. One hundred patients were recruited through oncologist offices, key community leaders and community organizations, and interviewed by telephone. Participants completed an established measure of religious involvement, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-SP-12 version 4), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Meaning in Life Scale, the Brief ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343017 Mon, 10 Jan 2011 16:14:50 +0100 4343017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4326853&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8n45779t2r37grn5%2F Abstract  To examine whether individual psychological variables mediate the family conflict-glycemic control relationship. During three study visits spanning 9 months, 147 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed questionnaires measuring anxiety and depressive symptoms, and diabetes-specific worry. Caregivers similarly completed a measure of diabetes-specific family conflict. Blood glucose monitoring frequency and glycemic control were also obtained during study visits. Separate mediation analyses revealed that anxiety was the only individual psychological variable that mediated the caregiver-reported family conflict-glycemic control link. Anxiety accounted for 20% of the family conflict-glycemic control link, compared to 8.5% for depression and 6% for diabetes-speci... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4326853 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 14:49:50 +0100 4326853 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4326854&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff8q0n3831376g665%2F Abstract  Individuals confronting chronic medical conditions often face profound challenges to cherished life goals. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of goal adjustment with psychological adjustment in the context of infertility. At study entry (T1; n = 97) and 6 months later (T2; n = 47), women in fertility treatment completed measures of goal blockage, goal adjustment ability, and psychological adjustment. At T1, greater perceived and actual goal blockage were related to negative psychological adjustment. Ability to disengage from the goal of biological parenthood was associated with less infertility-specific thought intrusion, whereas engagement with other goals was related to fewer depressive symptoms and greater posi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4326854 Fri, 07 Jan 2011 14:49:49 +0100 4326854 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4265408&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff6050725p32q6210%2F Abstract  There is increasing evidence that patient centered care, including communication skills, is an essential component to chronic illness care. Our aim was to evaluate patient centered primary care as a determinant of medication adherence. We mailed 1,341 veterans with hypertension the Short Form Primary Care Assessment Survey (PCAS) which measures elements of patient centered primary care. We prospectively collected each patient’s antihypertensive medication adherence for 6 months. Patients were characterized as adherent if they had medication for >80%. 654 surveys were returned (50.7%); and 499 patients with complete data were analyzed. Antihypertensive adherence increased as scores in patient centered care increased [RR 3.18 (95% CI 1.44, 16.23) bootstrap... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4265408 Wed, 15 Dec 2010 15:55:57 +0100 4265408 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4230093&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2621v502211464j6%2F Abstract  Worldwide, pneumonia causes 14% of deaths among children and infants (ages 4 weeks to 5 years). UNICEF and WHO have established treatment guidelines to reduce risk of death from pneumonia including caregiver symptom recognition, appropriate care, and use of antibiotics. In June 2008, cross-sectional survey data were collected in Khanh Hoa Province Viet Nam with 329 mothers of children under 6 years. In relation to pneumonia and associated symptoms (fever >38°C, strong cough, “fast or difficult” breathing), data were collected on perceptions of symptom severity and child vulnerability, reported healthcare utilization including use of antibiotics, sources of health information, and barriers to care. Pearson’s chi square, independent t tests, ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4230093 Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:12:32 +0100 4230093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4205834&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj06441463682g744%2F This study characterized factors associated with unrealistic optimism (UO) and unrealistic pessimism (UP) about breast cancer. Data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed (N = 14,426 women). After accounting for objective risk status, many (43.8%) women displayed UO, 12.3% displayed UP, 34.5% had accurate risk perceptions (their perceived risk matched their calculated risk), and 9.5% indicated “don’t know/no response.” Multivariate multinomial logistic regression indicated that UO was associated with higher education and never smoking. UP was associated with lower education, lower income, being non-Hispanic Black, having ≥3 comorbidities, current smoking, and being overweight. UO was more likely to emerge in younger and older than in middle-age... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4205834 Thu, 25 Nov 2010 20:08:43 +0100 4205834 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4205835&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9l62m65n667p7015%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the large disparity in HIV prevalence rates between young Black and White Americans, including young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Research focusing on individual behaviors has proven insufficient to explain the disproportionately high rate of HIV among Black YMSM. The purpose of the present study was to gain a greater understanding of the pronounced racial disparity in HIV by evaluating whether YMSM are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors as a function of their partner’s race. Participants included 117 YMSM from a longitudinal study evaluating lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth (ages 16–20 at baseline), who reported characteristics and risk behaviors of up to 9 sexual partners over an 18-month... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4205835 Wed, 24 Nov 2010 20:17:59 +0100 4205835 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4179129&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv85838n1282r3p31%2F This study compared internist versus neurosurgeon ratings of pain and pain-related disability for hypothetical patients reporting either low or high levels of low back pain. Using practice characteristics as covariates, a multivariate analysis of covariance showed that both physician groups rated pain severity, but not measures of disability, as significantly lower for the low pain severity condition. Relative to internists, neurosurgeons rated both pain severity and pain-related disability as significantly lower, regardless of patient-reported pain severity. There were no interactions between physician specialty and patient-reported pain severity. Practice characteristics accounted for relatively little variance in ratings. Results are discussed in terms of differences in comparison... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4179129 Tue, 16 Nov 2010 06:56:51 +0100 4179129 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4133393&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft434k0401t764520%2F Abstract  In a laboratory study we examined the hypothesis that placebo expectations enhance the initial identification of placebo-relevant sensations over placebo-irrelevant sensations. Participants (N = 102) were randomly assigned to one of three expectation groups. In the first group, participants ingested a placebo capsule and were told it was caffeine (deceptive expectation). In a second group, participants ingested a placebo capsule and were told it may be caffeine or it may be a placebo (double-blind expectation). Participants in the third group were given no expectation. All participants then tallied the placebo-relevant and placebo-irrelevant sensations they experienced during a 7-min period. Participants in the deceptive expectation group identified more ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4133393 Tue, 02 Nov 2010 17:22:36 +0100 4133393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4097521&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkx46j697311284vq%2F The objective of the present study was to examine if time varying, mediating effect of physical activity plays an important role in the gender-satisfaction with life relationship. Six hundred four male and 197 female patients were included. Principal outcomes of interest were self-report satisfaction with life and physical activity at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. The Krull and MacKinnon procedure for hierarchical linear modeling showed that the change in physical activity mediated the gender-satisfaction with life over a 2 year period. Results from the current study suggest that increased physical activity partially explains why males report having increased well-being than females after hospitalization. This suggests that future interventions need to focus on reducing th... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4097521 Tue, 19 Oct 2010 19:31:48 +0100 4097521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4044953&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2u6343t847134104%2F This study evaluated the efficacy of a 6 week group CBT program in community dwelling adults with epilepsy who were aged over 60 years. A total of 37 participants were randomly assigned to either a CBT group or a control group. Measures of depression, dysthymia, psychosocial functioning and seizure frequency were completed at pre and post intervention. Seizure frequency was significantly reduced in the CBT group compared to the control group (Cohen’s d 0.63). The results suggest that the relationship between seizure frequency and psychological and psychosocial well being in older adults requires further investigation. Although there were no significant between group differences on measures of depression and psychosocial functioning, both the CBT and control groups improved... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4044953 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 16:45:09 +0100 4044953 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4036396&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1n071wr1571t1207%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of using the NEO-FFI personality assessment as part of multi-dimensional psychological assessment in orofacial pain patients during the initial diagnostic visit. All patients completed an orofacial pain questionnaire and a battery of psychological questionnaires that cover a wide range of symptoms and behaviors important to developing a comprehensive treatment plan. For purposes of the present study, the NEO-FFI was included. Personality characteristics were within normal ranges compared to NEO-FFI norms. Regression analyses demonstrated higher self-reported pain severity was associated with lower openness. Higher psychological distress was associated with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion, and lower openne... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4036396 Sat, 02 Oct 2010 06:04:28 +0100 4036396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4022720&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3011mr71856178p7%2F Abstract  Prior research has found that sex differences in pain are partially due to individual variations in gender roles. In a laboratory study, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of covert gender role cues can also moderate the extent to which women and men experience pain. Specifically, we varied gender role cues by asking male and female participants to write about instances in which they behaved in a stereotypically feminine, masculine, or neutral manner. Pain and cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor task were then assessed. Results revealed that, when primed with femininity, men reported less pain and anxiety from the cold pressor task than women. However, no differences existed between the sexes in the masculine or neutral prime conditions. The resu... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4022720 Mon, 27 Sep 2010 16:50:45 +0100 4022720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4002804&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7161474m42552711%2F This study describes cancer risk perceptions and their correlates so as to generate testable hypotheses and provide a foundation for targeting cancer prevention and risk reduction efforts in this high risk population. A cross-sectional survey of affiliates of a large urban community center serving sexual minority persons yielded a study sample of 247 anonymous persons. The survey assessed demographics, absolute perceived cancer risk, cancer risk behaviors, desired lifestyle changes to reduce cancer risk, and psychosocial variables including stress, depression, and stigma. Univariate and multivariate nonparametric statistics were used for analyses. The sample was primarily white non-Hispanic, middle-aged, and > 80% had at least a high school education. Mean values for abs... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4002804 Fri, 24 Sep 2010 17:07:10 +0100 4002804 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4001642&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F11qk78w460622530%2F Abstract  Theory and empirical evidence suggest that perceived barriers to opportunity, such as discrimination, can lead to the adoption of unhealthy behaviors. The study assessed the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic, language and legal status barriers to opportunity and substance use among Latino immigrant men in North Carolina. Logistic regression was used to test for the association between perceived barriers and odds of binge drinking in the past 30 days and cigarette smoking. In both crude and adjusted models, perceived language barriers (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.78–5.25) and legal status barriers (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.26–4.01) were associated with increased odds of having engaged in binge drinking. Perceived barriers to opportunity ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4001642 Thu, 23 Sep 2010 16:50:29 +0100 4001642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998789&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq772174666631220%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-010-9295-3Authors Kevin S. Masters, Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998789 Tue, 21 Sep 2010 18:10:17 +0100 3998789 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998790&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcj1k424757342031%2F Abstract  Depression inventories contain somatic items which may be related to disease rather than to depression in individuals with chronic illness. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (n = 151) and medically well controls (n = 68) completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) which includes somatic and cognitive/affective symptoms. Diabetes patients reported higher levels of all depressive symptoms than controls; the discrepancy was equivalent for somatic and cognitive/affective symptoms. For diabetes patients, somatic and cognitive/affective symptoms did not correlate with indices of disease control except for number of diabetes-related hospitalizations, where the correlations were equivalent. In participants with diabetes and ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998790 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 20:21:17 +0100 3998790 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998791&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fux42045134160853%2F This study examined the relationship between neurocognitive functioning and medication adherence in HIV patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 39) current cocaine dependence. Active users had greater neurocognitive impairment (mean T-score = 35.16 vs. 40.97, p < .05) and worse medication adherence (mean z-score = −0.44 vs. 0.27, p < .001). In a multiple regression model, neurocognitive functioning (β = .33, p < .01) and cocaine dependence (β = −.36, p < .01) were predictive of poorer adherence. There was a significant indirect effect of cocaine dependence on medication adherence through neurocognitive impairment (estimate = −0.15, p < .05), sugge... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998791 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 20:21:15 +0100 3998791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998792&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb736v4m1013367m0%2F Abstract  This research tested if a 12-session coping improvement group intervention (n = 104) reduced depressive symptoms in HIV-infected older adults compared to an interpersonal support group intervention (n = 105) and an individual therapy upon request (ITUR) control condition (n = 86). Participants were 295 HIV-infected men and women 50-plus years of age living in New York City, Cincinnati, OH, and Columbus, OH. Using A-CASI assessment methodology, participants provided data on their depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (GDS) at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 4- and 8-month follow-up. Whether conducted with all participants (N = 295) or only a subset of participants diagnosed with mild, mode... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998792 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 20:21:12 +0100 3998792 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3998793&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj729g21712115521%2F This study aimed to determine whether participants reported altering health behaviors (physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption) after seeing results from an electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) scan for coronary artery calcium and reviewing these results with a physician. Clinicians attempt to motivate patients to control cardiovascular risk factors by adopting healthy behaviors and reducing harmful actions. Asymptomatic patients (N = 510) were evaluated by EBCT for the extent of coronary artery calcium. Information pertaining to demographics, health history, and lifestyle/health behaviors was obtained from each participant at the time of the EBCT scan. Patients were given their numerical calcium score, shown images of their coronary arteries, and counseled by ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3998793 Mon, 20 Sep 2010 20:20:41 +0100 3998793 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932985&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F50h4ng5000577666%2F Abstract  Although a well-established literature implicates religiosity as a central element of the African American experience, little is known about how individuals from this group utilize religion to cope with specific health-related stressors. The present study examined the relation between religious coping and hospital admissions among a cohort of 95 adults with sickle cell disease—a genetic blood disorder that, in the United States, primarily affects people of African ancestry. Multiple regression analyses indicated that positive religious coping uniquely accounted for variance in hospital admissions after adjusting for other demographic and diagnostic variables. Specifically, greater endorsement of positive religious coping was associated with significantly fewer ho... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932985 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 15:01:13 +0100 3932985 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932987&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm3p64p14qh427328%2F Abstract  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia in multiple sclerosis patients with comorbid depression, associations between psychological symptoms, multiple sclerosis symptoms and insomnia, and to test effects of a 16-week protocol-based psychotherapy intervention for depression on insomnia symptoms. Participants with multiple sclerosis and depression (n = 127) were randomized to telephone administered cognitive behavioral therapy and telephone administered supportive emotion-focused therapy. Multiple sclerosis functional limitation was measured at baseline. Depression, insomnia, anxiety and quality of life were evaluated at pre treatment, mid treatment (8 weeks), and post treatment (16 weeks). Prevalence of insomnia ≥3 ti... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932987 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 06:51:39 +0100 3932987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932986&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwh5m6jn67up32043%2F We examined attributions for melanoma risk in a population-based sample of melanoma survivors, first degree family members, and family members who are also parents (N = 939). We conducted qualitative examination of open-ended risk attributions and logistic regression examining predictors (demographics, family member type, perceived risk) of the attributions reported (ultraviolet radiation [UVR] exposure, heredity/genetics, phenotype, personal melanoma history, miscellaneous). We found a predominance of risk attributions to UVR and heredity/genetics (80 and 45% of the sample, respectively). Those reporting higher education levels were more likely to endorse attributions to heredity/genetics, as well as to phenotype, than those of lower education levels. First-degree relatives... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932986 Thu, 02 Sep 2010 06:51:39 +0100 3932986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3907475&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg5668608jt464837%2F This study examined whether short sleep duration, physical activity and time spent sitting each day mediated the association between long work hours and body mass index (BMI). Participants included 16,951 middle aged Australian adults who were employed in full time work (i.e. ≥35 h a week). Data on BMI, sleep duration, work hours and other health and demographic variables were obtained through a self-report questionnaire. A multiple mediation model was tested whereby sleep duration, physical activity and amount of time spent sitting were entered as potential mediators between work hours and BMI. The results demonstrated that short sleep partially mediated the association between long work hours and increased BMI in males. In females, long work hours were indirectly related to ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3907475 Tue, 24 Aug 2010 06:02:44 +0100 3907475 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822750&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F18n23u1387718l33%2F Abstract  It is imperative that young adult cancer survivors address any modifiable risk factors, given their increased health risks. Unfortunately, few behavioral interventions have been developed for this population. The literature on physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and drug use among young adult cancer survivors was reviewed in order to identify the behaviors most in need of intervention, the most vulnerable subsets of the population, and the health behavior theories that might guide intervention development. This literature indicates that young adult cancer survivors are not meeting physical activity recommendations though smoking and risky drinking appear less pervasive than in the general population. Several demographic and medical characteristics are associat... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822750 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 17:25:30 +0100 3822750 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822751&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F871710764431376l%2F Abstract  We investigated alcohol-related sexual risk behavior from the perspective of social norms theory. Adults (N = 895, 62% men) residing in a South African township completed street-intercept surveys that assessed risk and protective behaviors (e.g., multiple partners, drinking before sex, meeting sex partners in shebeens, condom use) and corresponding norms. Men consistently overestimated the actual frequency of risky behaviors, as reported by the sample, and underestimated the frequency of condom use. Relative to actual attitudes, men believed that other men were more approving of risk behavior and less approving of condom use. Both behavioral and attitudinal norms predicted the respondents’ self-reported risk behavior. These findings indicate that correc... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822751 Tue, 03 Aug 2010 14:53:40 +0100 3822751 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3822752&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F137304184v76rt6v%2F Abstract  In the setting of the new A(H1N1) outbreak, the study was conducted to assess: (1) fear of the A(H1N1) pandemic; (2) risk avoidance behavior; (3) health-protective behavior; and (4) psychosocial impact in the ethnically diverse population of Malaysia. A cross-sectional, computer-assisted telephone interview was conducted between July 11 and September 12, 2009. A total of 1,050 respondents were interviewed. Fear about the pandemic was high, with 73.2% of respondents reporting themselves as Slightly fearful/Fearful. High risk avoidance and health protective behavior were reported, with 78.0 and 99.0% reporting at least one avoidance and protective behavior respectively. Knowledge was a significant predictor for practice of healthprotective behavior across the three ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3822752 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 20:08:28 +0100 3822752 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3798443&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn66x1565jq562450%2F This study evaluated the efficacy of a brief integrative multiple behavior intervention and assessed risk factors as mediators of behavioral outcomes among older adolescents. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants randomly assigned to either a brief intervention or standard care control with 3-month follow-up. A total of 479 students attending two public high schools participated. Participants receiving the intervention showed a significant reduction in quantity × frequency of alcohol use, and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption and frequency of relaxation activities, compared to those receiving the control, P’s = .01. No effects were found on cigarette and marijuana use, exercise and sleep. Effect sizes were small with alcohol use cessati... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3798443 Mon, 26 Jul 2010 21:51:39 +0100 3798443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3794655&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft76356p8364431mq%2F This study examines the impact of depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion, Type D personality, and social support on prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. One hundred eleven patients (mean age 57 ± 14 years) having participated in an exercise based ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation program were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Psychological baseline data were assessed at program entry. Mortality, readmission, and health-related quality of life were assessed at follow up (mean 2.8 ± 1.1 years). After controlling for disease severity none of the psychological variables were associated with mortality, though severe anxiety predicted readmission [HR = 3.21 (95% CI, 1.04–9.93; P = .042)]. Health-related quality of life was ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3794655 Sat, 24 Jul 2010 13:48:09 +0100 3794655 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3786101&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F457nhk7324q63501%2F Abstract  This experiment examined the impact of adding upward and/or downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention (UV photos and photoaging information). Southern California college students (N = 126) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, intervention, intervention plus upward social comparison, intervention plus downward social comparison. The results demonstrated that all those who received the basic UV photo/photoaging intervention reported greater perceived susceptibility to photoaging (d = .74), less favorable tanning cognitions (d = .44), and greater intentions to sun protect (d = 1.32) relative to controls. Of more interest, while the basic interven... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3786101 Fri, 23 Jul 2010 12:18:54 +0100 3786101 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3776234&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F535171045m842118%2F Abstract  Emotion in daily life may be associated with transient myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachycardia and impaired autonomic function in cardiac patients, but the precise temporal sequence is unclear. Eighty-eight patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent 24-h electrocardiographic monitoring, and affect was measured with the Day Reconstruction Method. Thirteen patients (15%) experienced one or more episodes of ST depression or ventricular tachycardia, nine of whom provided concurrent mood data. Mood and heart rate variability were analyzed for the 15 min before, during, and 15 min after each ST depression/ventricular tachycardia episode, and were compared with control periods not associated with cardiac dysfunction. Patients reported more n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3776234 Fri, 16 Jul 2010 18:41:28 +0100 3776234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3757746&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj6390u85812663x8%2F We examined whether anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, sensation seeking, and impulsivity (i.e., revised version of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale) would be related to the lifetime prevalence and age of onset of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, and to polydrug use in early adolescence. Baseline data of a broader effectiveness study were used from 3,783 early adolescents aged 11–15 years. Structural equation models showed that hopelessness and sensation seeking were indicative of ever-used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis and for the use of more than one substance. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of hopelessness had a higher chance of starting to use alcohol or cannabis at an earlier age, but highly anxiety sensitive individuals were less likely to start using ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3757746 Tue, 13 Jul 2010 17:56:06 +0100 3757746 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3736939&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F723080477x105365%2F Abstract  Relationships influence sexual risk and maternal-child health. Few studies have assessed relationship dissolution and its association with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among adolescent parents. Our study aimed to describe relationship dissolution among 295 parenting and non-parenting adolescents over an 18-month period and how it related to STD incidence. Results showed that nonparenting adolescents in a relationship with someone other than their baby’s father were more likely to have a relationship dissolution over an 18-month period compared to those in a relationship with the baby’s father (OR = 1.69, P < .05). Parenting adolescents who ended their relationship with their baby’s father were 3 times more likely to get an STD ov... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3736939 Wed, 07 Jul 2010 05:57:51 +0100 3736939 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3718261&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fmp362057q6w65285%2F Abstract  Though the positive effect of touch on compliance has been widely reported in the social psychology literature, a new evaluation has been made in a health setting. Six general practitioners were instructed to touch (or not) their patients on the forearm for 1–2 s. Patients who suffered from mild pharyngitis were solicited by the practitioners at the end of the consultation for a verbal promise to take the antibiotic medication as prescribed. One week later, patients were contacted at home to determine the number of pills that had been taken and to evaluate the practitioner. Touch increased medication adherence in both male and female patients, but was associated with a greater increase in male patients. It was also found that practitioners were perceived to... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3718261 Tue, 29 Jun 2010 16:33:28 +0100 3718261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3710424&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa22708p6125482l8%2F Abstract  Fifty-three breast cancer patients completed an Internet-based diary measuring daily negative affect and positive affect and daily negative and positive events for seven consecutive evenings shortly after surgery. The authors used Hierarchical Linear Modeling (Raudenbush and Bryk in Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2002) to examine moderators of affective differentiation, or the daily relationship between the patients’ negative affect and positive affect. Strong affective differentiation is characterized by the relative independence of negative and positive affect. There were no significant Level 1 (within-subject) moderators of affective differentiation. However, at Level 2 (between-subject), as predic... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3710424 Mon, 28 Jun 2010 16:59:42 +0100 3710424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3701623&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5716rv88342522h2%2F Abstract  Suboptimal antiretroviral adherence is associated with poorer HIV outcomes. Psychosocial factors, including life stress, depression and coping, may influence adherence behavior. This prospective investigation sought to examine the impact of life stress (acute life events, chronic stress, and perceived stress), depression, and coping style on adherence to HIV treatment regimes over time. Participants were 87 treatment-seeking HIV-infected individuals recruited from an urban HIV clinic. They completed clinician-administered interviews and self-report questionnaires at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Acute life events and chronic stress prospectively predicted decreases in treatment adherence more strongly among individuals in a major depressive episode (n =&nbsp... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3701623 Fri, 25 Jun 2010 16:54:22 +0100 3701623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3695429&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff485057304hlp437%2F Abstract  AIDS denialists offer false hope to people living with HIV/AIDS by claiming that HIV is harmless and that AIDS can be cured with natural remedies. The current study examined the prevalence of AIDS denialism beliefs and their association to health-related outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS. Confidential surveys and unannounced pill counts were collected from a convenience sample of 266 men and 77 women living with HIV/AIDS that was predominantly middle-aged and African American. One in five participants stated that there is no proof that HIV causes AIDS and that HIV treatments do more harm than good. AIDS denialism beliefs were more often endorsed by people who more frequently used the internet after controlling for confounds. Believing that there is a deba... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3695429 Tue, 22 Jun 2010 18:35:02 +0100 3695429 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3695430&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy37n441243517428%2F In this study, we examined important provider (relationship quality) and recipient-related (support expectations) factors that might influence the effectiveness of receiving support on cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). Participants discussed a stressful event with either a supportive or ambivalent friend, and were either given instructions that included an explicit expectation of support provision or no expectation during the task. Behavioral coding revealed fewer emotionally supportive behaviors and marginally more negative behaviors from ambivalent friends. Receiving support from an ambivalent friend was also associated with higher systolic blood pressure reactivity compared to a supportive friend, but had no effects on diastolic blood pressure or heart rate; nor were there any sign... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3695430 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 16:08:56 +0100 3695430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3690723&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1347563272723m3k%2F Abstract  The present longitudinal study examines whether changes in waist circumference are best predicted by relatively stable and broad personality traits (dispositional optimism and pessimism), by modifiable and domain-specific social cognitions (health-related self-efficacy), or a combination of these. Altogether 385 participants (74% women; 50–65 years) attended the GOAL Implementation Trial, a lifestyle counseling intervention to improve diet and physical activity. Measurements were conducted prior to the intervention (Time 1), and 3 months (Time 2) and 12 months (Time 3) after Time 1. Three different models of the potential interplay between dispositional optimism and pessimism and health-related self-efficacy were tested. The analyses showed that t... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3690723 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 00:45:45 +0100 3690723 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3690724&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F02043141573147q6%2F Abstract  Growing evidence suggests that a number of personality traits associated with physical disease risk tend to be social in nature and selectively responsive to social as opposed to non-social stimuli. The current aim was to examine dispositional optimism within this framework. In Study 1, optimism was projected into the Interpersonal Circumplex and Five Factor Model revealing significant interpersonal representation characterized by high control and affiliation. Study 2 demonstrated that higher dispositional optimism attenuated cardiovascular responses to a social (speech) but not non-social stressor (cold pressor) task. Optimism-related attenuation of reactivity to the social vs. non-social stressor contributes further evidence to an emerging picture of psychosocial... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3690724 Mon, 21 Jun 2010 00:45:42 +0100 3690724 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3678480&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fyx1l78523p7r6465%2F Abstract  Little is known about how the reasons that college student drinkers and abstainers have for choosing not to drink might differ. The present study examined this issue among a sample of 2,500 U.S. college students from 18 colleges and universities. Abstainers endorsed significantly more reasons for not drinking than drinkers, and among drinkers, light drinkers endorsed more reasons than heavy drinkers. Abstainers’ decision not to drink appeared to be a lifestyle choice that was supported by multiple reasons, including personal values, religious beliefs, not wanting the image of a drinker, and beliefs about alcohol’s effect on behavior. Heavy drinkers were more likely to endorse situational reasons such as having to drive home later or being concerned about schoo... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3678480 Fri, 18 Jun 2010 10:36:34 +0100 3678480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3671512&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn22045585833g044%2F Abstract  Planning is supposed to mediate between intention and behavior. The study examines whether such a mediation also exists in the context of sunscreen use. Moreover, the question is raised whether health risk perception might moderate such a mechanism. A longitudinal online study was conducted with three measurement points in time. Sunscreen use, intention, planning, and risk perception were assessed. A sample of 154 individuals was analyzed by hierarchical regression procedures in terms of moderated mediation. Planning partially mediated the intention-behavior relationship, and risk perception operated as a moderator. The moderator effect was negative, implying that low risk perception in conjunction with high intention was a prerequisite for planning, and, thus, fo... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3671512 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 07:25:40 +0100 3671512 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611863&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy1084208r14t7522%2F Abstract  Although fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), its pathogenesis is still poorly understood and it is difficult to treat. The aim of the current study was to test the assumptions of a cognitive-behavioral model that explains fatigue and physical disability in MS patients, by comparing this approach with a more traditional biomedical approach. Structural equation modeling was applied to a sample of 262 MS patients. Neither the cognitive-behavioral, nor the biomedical model showed an adequate fit of our data. The modification indices supported an integration of both models, which showed a better fit than those of the separate models. This final model, is notable for at least three features: (1) fatigue is a... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611863 Thu, 27 May 2010 16:56:57 +0100 3611863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611864&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1kj1t96205rn0uu2%2F Abstract  Growing attention has focused on meaning-making processes and their health correlates among cancer patients. However, much of this work is marked by conceptual and methodological limitations. The current study evaluated global meaning and theoretically distinct aspects of illness-specific meaning (i.e., seeking sense, found sense, seeking benefits, found benefits) among breast cancer survivors who had completed primary treatment. Health outcomes (i.e., emotional distress, health-related quality-of-life) were assessed 4 months later. Different facets of meaning had different longitudinal associations with outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of distinguishing among conceptually discrete dimensions of personal meaning. Content Type Journal ArticleDO... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611864 Tue, 25 May 2010 16:50:10 +0100 3611864 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611865&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp0k054717j50748q%2F Abstract  Recently, an expansion of traditional coping models for chronic pain has been offered. This model specifically includes acceptance of chronic pain, as well as the more general process of psychological flexibility. Psychological flexibility includes qualities of behavior such as acceptance and mindfulness, and the capacity to take committed and values-directed or goals-directed action, among other qualities. The present study was intended to refine and validate a measure of psychological flexibility, titled the Brief Pain Response Inventory (BPRI), and determine its relation with key indices of patient functioning. In total, 205 adults with chronic pain who were beginning a program of treatment completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor a... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611865 Tue, 25 May 2010 16:50:07 +0100 3611865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3611866&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn7086490617217m0%2F This study evaluated the short-term impact of YWCA Encore, a mixed-modality group exercise and information support program for breast cancer patients situated in the community setting. Australian post-surgical breast cancer patients (N = 162) were assigned to either the 8-week Encore intervention or a Waitlist control. Intervention impact was assessed in terms of quality of life, cancer-specific distress, and social support. Changes in familiarity with exercise, self-efficacy and social support were tested as mediators of the intervention impact on quality of life. Overall adherence and satisfaction with the program were high. Significant enhancements at follow-up for quality of life and social support were evident for intervention compared with control participants. Familiar... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3611866 Tue, 25 May 2010 16:50:06 +0100 3611866 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3566537&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv446852838l672w7%2F Abstract  Adequate sleep is essential for health across the lifespan and is likely to be influenced by different factors among those with chronic pain than among others. Questionnaires were administered to 362 college students, some of whom reported chronic pain from varied sources. Among chronic pain sufferers (n = 108), pain severity was uniquely associated with sleep quality after controlling for gender, BMI, perceived health, health behaviors, depressed mood, perceived stress, and scholastic/interpersonal self-esteem. For these participants, perceived health, alcohol use, pain medication use, and depressed mood were also associated with sleep quality, whereas for participants with non-chronic recent pain (n = 129) only perceived health and depressed m... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3566537 Thu, 13 May 2010 07:45:48 +0100 3566537 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3502758&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp88l150038774k49%2F Abstract  Research suggests that self-efficacy is an important factor in behaviors that facilitate the early-detection of various cancers. In general people with high self-efficacy are more likely to attend cancer screening sessions or perform bodily self-exams. However, there is a paucity of research focusing on testicular cancer and testicular self-examination (TSE). The effect of self-efficacy on TSE remains unclear especially given the relative obscurity of the testicular cancer threat, and appropriate clinical- and self-detection procedures, in the young asymptomatic male population. Thus, the present study tested the interaction of self-efficacy with young men’s appraisals of the threat of testicular cancer. The study was based on 2 × 2 × 2 mixe... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3502758 Thu, 22 Apr 2010 09:11:40 +0100 3502758 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3498931&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1j3r223q52485154%2F Abstract  The present study was designed to see whether variables from the transtheoretical model could account for changes in behavior, as opposed to changes of stage. A broadly representative sample (N = 356) completed measures of transtheoretical model constructs and dietary intake at baseline; dietary intake was measured at follow-up. One of the processes of change, self-reevaluation, predicted changes in behavior and significantly mediated the effect of past behavior on future behavior. It is rare that social cognitive variables mediate the effects of past behavior on future behavior meaning that self-reevaluation provides a potential avenue for promoting dietary change. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-010-9261-0Authors Christopher J. Armi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3498931 Wed, 21 Apr 2010 09:19:46 +0100 3498931 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3467627&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flv7t577k837534pq%2F Abstract  Theory development has not proceeded at a pace commensurate with the evolution of health promotion practice. At least three examples of this disparity are apparent: (1) theory is developed in an evidence-based paradigm rather than a practice-based paradigm, (2) a substantial majority of health behavior theories exist at the individual level, thereby neglecting contextual realities that shape behavior, and (3) “accessibility” levels of theory to practitioners may be quite low in comparison to the growing demands to prevent disease through expanding health promotion practices. The challenges of health promotion demand a great deal more attention to developing theories that reflect the reality of broad influences on health behavior. One critical question that mus... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3467627 Thu, 08 Apr 2010 18:02:02 +0100 3467627 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453707&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6m2344026q180176%2F This study examined longitudinal associations of asthma management-related beliefs and behaviors with changes in asthma-relevant biological markers in a sample of 43 children with asthma. Children (M age = 12.4, 75% male) and parents were interviewed about asthma management beliefs and behaviors. Asthma outcomes included lung function (FEV1%), eosinophil counts, and daily cortisol measured at two time points, 18 months apart. Children with a less sophisticated disease belief (termed the “no symptoms, no asthma” belief) displayed eosinophil counts that increased over time, controlling for baseline levels. Poorer family asthma management was associated with increasing eosinophil counts over time. Poorer child asthma management was associated with cortisol output that ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453707 Tue, 06 Apr 2010 18:25:07 +0100 3453707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3448693&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9851685236172n5l%2F Abstract  To investigate the relation between forgiveness and apology as they relate to cardiovascular reactivity and recovery, 29 men and 50 women were exposed to an interpersonal transgression (i.e., verbal harassment) while performing a serial subtraction task. Participants were categorized into high and low forgiveness groups based on scores on the forgiving personality scale. Following the task, approximately half of the participants received an apology from the experimenter for his/her comments during the task. Although no group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were observed during the serial subtraction task, persons high in forgiveness displayed more rapid diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure recovery than persons low in forgiveness. In response to the... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3448693 Sat, 03 Apr 2010 07:15:59 +0100 3448693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3374021&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkr303x8378n070k7%2F This study examined modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with technology-based self-monitoring. 123 participants with type 2 diabetes self-monitored diet using a personal digital assistant in a 6-month behavioral intervention. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine probability of nonadherent and suboptimally adherent behavior relative to adherent behavior. Sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with probability of self-monitoring. Probability of adherence generally was greater in the weeks preceding no group session, and lower in the weeks following no group session or following skipped sessions. Non-modifiable factors suggested by the literature to be associated with poorer access to technology (lower income, older age, minority race, and lower ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3374021 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:57:56 +0100 3374021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358801&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj016716765726707%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to examine whether stress-somatic symptom associations may be more pronounced among individuals whose bodies exhibit higher levels of cardiovascular reactivity to a laboratory social stress task. During an initial laboratory session, participants delivered a 5-min speech and individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity were quantified. The same participants subsequently completed a 15-day experience sampling protocol, in which daily levels of stress and somatic symptoms were assessed. Multi-level modeling was used to assess associations among laboratory cardiovascular reactivity, daily stress and somatic symptoms. Daily symptom reports included a set of commonly experienced physical symptoms reflective of general bodily ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358801 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:59 +0100 3358801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358802&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28886025387883jr%2F This study tested the stress generation hypothesis over the first 5 years of cancer survivorship. Women with stage II or III breast cancer (N = 113) were accrued. Five mediation models were constructed, one for each year. Each model tested whether stressful events in each year mediated the relationship between depression at the beginning and end of that year. Stress generation was observed in the first 2 years following cancer diagnosis but not from 2 to 5 years after diagnosis. The relationship of depression to future stress in breast cancer patients may be moderated by phase of survivorship. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms in cancer survivors may need to consider the generation of stressful events. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358802 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:57 +0100 3358802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358803&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7j6878140522043%2F This study prospectively examined the role of depressed mood on the relationship between physical quality of life (PQoL) and smoking cessation among medically ill smokers. We hypothesized that poorer PQoL will be associated with smoking cessation, but only among those with little to no depressed mood. Nurses delivered smoking cessation counseling to medically ill patients (N = 273) who continued to smoke despite past hospitalization. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12-months later. The interaction between PQoL and depressed mood significantly predicted 1) 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at both 2 and 12 months post-treatment [2 months: adjusted OR = 1.005, 95%CI 1.001–1.009, p < .05; 12 months: adjusted ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358803 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:55 +0100 3358803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331137&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbk3244g3656202m4%2F This study used data from the 24-month POUNDS LOST trial that tested the efficacy of four dietary macronutrient compositions for short-and long-term weight loss. A computer tracking system was used to record data on eight indicator variables related to adherence. Using canonical correlations at the 6 and 24 month measurement periods, early behavioral adherence was associated with changes in percent weight loss and waist circumference at 6 months (R = 0.52) and 24 months (R = 0.37), but was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor levels. Early dietary adherence was associated with changes in insulin at 6 months (R = 0.19), but not at 24 months (R = 0.08, ns). Early dietary adherence was not associated with ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331137 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:04:55 +0100 3331137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3306649&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnw36g21154186823%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effects of coping self-efficacy and catastrophizing on physical functioning. Over a 9-month period, studying changes in self-efficacy as possible mediator between catastrophizing changes and physical functioning changes might provide evidence for the most promising treatment target. Data came from a randomized, longitudinal controlled trial comparing exercise, self-management and the two combined to treat 254 individuals with early knee osteoarthritis. A secondary analysis using a bootstrapped linear mixed-effects mediational model produced estimates of both the direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that self-efficacy partially mediated the effect between catastrophizing and physical functioning suggest... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3306649 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 07:51:33 +0100 3306649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3283421&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7n77w47l2m3j65j4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Acknowledgement of ReviewersDOI 10.1007/s10865-010-9250-3 Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3283421 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 18:08:43 +0100 3283421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3283422&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fep83g70w383v50l1%2F Abstract  While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with genital warts, anal cancer, and oral cancer, limited research has examined what men think causes these diseases. We sought to examine knowledge and beliefs about HPV-related disease among gay and bisexual men, who are at high risk for HPV infection and HPV-related cancers, and compare them to heterosexual men. We conducted an online survey in January 2009 with a national sample of men aged 18–59 who self-identified as either gay or bisexual (n = 312) or heterosexual (n = 296). The response rate was 70%. Fewer than half of men knew that HPV can cause genital warts (41%), anal cancer (24%), and oral cancers (23%). However, gay and bisexual men typically knew more than heterosexual men... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3283422 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 18:08:41 +0100 3283422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243611&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh66587657363746x%2F Abstract  Women tend to report greater acute and chronic pain intensity than men, and various mechanisms have been proposed to account for these sex differences. Suppression has been related to amplified pain intensity, and thus we examined whether sex differences in the use of suppression partly explained the discrepancy between men and women on pain report. Participants (N = 222; women: 55%) underwent a cold pressor, during which half the sample was randomly assigned to suppress pain-related thoughts and feelings and the other half was not. A 2-min recovery period followed the cold pressor. Ten min later, all participants were exposed to another physical stimulus (a massage device). Significant condition × Sex interactions were found for pain intensity... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243611 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:57:32 +0100 3243611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243612&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2681v367860rk353%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to prospectively examine the association between treatment adherence and common neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients underwent a thorough psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation at the outset of the study. Patient adherence to disease modifying therapies was then tracked for 8 weeks using self-report, a medication diary, and an electronic monitoring device that recorded needle disposals. Results indicated that MS patients with current mood or anxiety disorders were almost five times as likely as MS patients with no psychiatric diagnosis to exhibit problems adhering to their disease modifying therapies. Poor adherence was also associated with memory difficulties, anxiety, depression, neurotic... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243612 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 17:50:50 +0100 3243612