MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Behavioral Medicine' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 17:36:42 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3374021&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fkr303x8378n070k7%2F This study examined modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with technology-based self-monitoring. 123 participants with type 2 diabetes self-monitored diet using a personal digital assistant in a 6-month behavioral intervention. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine probability of nonadherent and suboptimally adherent behavior relative to adherent behavior. Sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with probability of self-monitoring. Probability of adherence generally was greater in the weeks preceding no group session, and lower in the weeks following no group session or following skipped sessions. Non-modifiable factors suggested by the literature to be associated with poorer access to technology (lower income, older age, minority race, and lower ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3374021 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:57:56 +0100 3374021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358801&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj016716765726707%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to examine whether stress-somatic symptom associations may be more pronounced among individuals whose bodies exhibit higher levels of cardiovascular reactivity to a laboratory social stress task. During an initial laboratory session, participants delivered a 5-min speech and individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity were quantified. The same participants subsequently completed a 15-day experience sampling protocol, in which daily levels of stress and somatic symptoms were assessed. Multi-level modeling was used to assess associations among laboratory cardiovascular reactivity, daily stress and somatic symptoms. Daily symptom reports included a set of commonly experienced physical symptoms reflective of general bodily ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358801 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:59 +0100 3358801 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358802&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F28886025387883jr%2F This study tested the stress generation hypothesis over the first 5 years of cancer survivorship. Women with stage II or III breast cancer (N = 113) were accrued. Five mediation models were constructed, one for each year. Each model tested whether stressful events in each year mediated the relationship between depression at the beginning and end of that year. Stress generation was observed in the first 2 years following cancer diagnosis but not from 2 to 5 years after diagnosis. The relationship of depression to future stress in breast cancer patients may be moderated by phase of survivorship. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms in cancer survivors may need to consider the generation of stressful events. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358802 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:57 +0100 3358802 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3358803&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh7j6878140522043%2F This study prospectively examined the role of depressed mood on the relationship between physical quality of life (PQoL) and smoking cessation among medically ill smokers. We hypothesized that poorer PQoL will be associated with smoking cessation, but only among those with little to no depressed mood. Nurses delivered smoking cessation counseling to medically ill patients (N = 273) who continued to smoke despite past hospitalization. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12-months later. The interaction between PQoL and depressed mood significantly predicted 1) 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates at both 2 and 12 months post-treatment [2 months: adjusted OR = 1.005, 95%CI 1.001–1.009, p < .05; 12 months: adjusted ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3358803 Wed, 10 Mar 2010 12:49:55 +0100 3358803 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3331137&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fbk3244g3656202m4%2F This study used data from the 24-month POUNDS LOST trial that tested the efficacy of four dietary macronutrient compositions for short-and long-term weight loss. A computer tracking system was used to record data on eight indicator variables related to adherence. Using canonical correlations at the 6 and 24 month measurement periods, early behavioral adherence was associated with changes in percent weight loss and waist circumference at 6 months (R = 0.52) and 24 months (R = 0.37), but was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor levels. Early dietary adherence was associated with changes in insulin at 6 months (R = 0.19), but not at 24 months (R = 0.08, ns). Early dietary adherence was not associated with ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3331137 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:04:55 +0100 3331137 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3306649&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnw36g21154186823%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effects of coping self-efficacy and catastrophizing on physical functioning. Over a 9-month period, studying changes in self-efficacy as possible mediator between catastrophizing changes and physical functioning changes might provide evidence for the most promising treatment target. Data came from a randomized, longitudinal controlled trial comparing exercise, self-management and the two combined to treat 254 individuals with early knee osteoarthritis. A secondary analysis using a bootstrapped linear mixed-effects mediational model produced estimates of both the direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that self-efficacy partially mediated the effect between catastrophizing and physical functioning suggest... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3306649 Tue, 23 Feb 2010 07:51:33 +0100 3306649 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3283421&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7n77w47l2m3j65j4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Acknowledgement of ReviewersDOI 10.1007/s10865-010-9250-3 Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3283421 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 18:08:43 +0100 3283421 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3283422&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fep83g70w383v50l1%2F Abstract  While human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with genital warts, anal cancer, and oral cancer, limited research has examined what men think causes these diseases. We sought to examine knowledge and beliefs about HPV-related disease among gay and bisexual men, who are at high risk for HPV infection and HPV-related cancers, and compare them to heterosexual men. We conducted an online survey in January 2009 with a national sample of men aged 18–59 who self-identified as either gay or bisexual (n = 312) or heterosexual (n = 296). The response rate was 70%. Fewer than half of men knew that HPV can cause genital warts (41%), anal cancer (24%), and oral cancers (23%). However, gay and bisexual men typically knew more than heterosexual men... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3283422 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 18:08:41 +0100 3283422 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243611&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh66587657363746x%2F Abstract  Women tend to report greater acute and chronic pain intensity than men, and various mechanisms have been proposed to account for these sex differences. Suppression has been related to amplified pain intensity, and thus we examined whether sex differences in the use of suppression partly explained the discrepancy between men and women on pain report. Participants (N = 222; women: 55%) underwent a cold pressor, during which half the sample was randomly assigned to suppress pain-related thoughts and feelings and the other half was not. A 2-min recovery period followed the cold pressor. Ten min later, all participants were exposed to another physical stimulus (a massage device). Significant condition × Sex interactions were found for pain intensity... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243611 Wed, 03 Feb 2010 17:57:32 +0100 3243611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243612&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2681v367860rk353%2F Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to prospectively examine the association between treatment adherence and common neuropsychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients underwent a thorough psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation at the outset of the study. Patient adherence to disease modifying therapies was then tracked for 8 weeks using self-report, a medication diary, and an electronic monitoring device that recorded needle disposals. Results indicated that MS patients with current mood or anxiety disorders were almost five times as likely as MS patients with no psychiatric diagnosis to exhibit problems adhering to their disease modifying therapies. Poor adherence was also associated with memory difficulties, anxiety, depression, neurotic... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243612 Tue, 02 Feb 2010 17:50:50 +0100 3243612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3224787&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu0287526017x8600%2F Abstract  The present study set out to develop a typology of illness coping (as assessed through tackling spirit, illness integration, passive resignation, and avoidance coping) in a sample of 194 emerging adults (18–30 years) with Type 1 diabetes. Four groups, each with their own unique profile scores on illness coping, were identified through cluster analysis: active integrated, passive avoidant, high generic low integrated, and low generic high integrated coping. These clusters were differentiated on the basis of demographic, psychological (problem areas in diabetes, illness perceptions, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem), and clinical parameters (HbA1c-values indexing glycemic control). The active integrated cluster (and, to a lesser extent, the low generic hig... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3224787 Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:34:21 +0100 3224787 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3216417&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fcx3h928657348561%2F We examined whether people who tend to catastrophize about pain and who also attempt to regulate negative thoughts and feelings through suppression may represent a distinct subgroup of individuals highly susceptible to pain and distress. Ninety-seven healthy normal participants underwent a 4-min ischemic pain task followed by a 2-min recovery period. Self-reported pain and distress was recorded during the task and every 20 s during recovery. Participants completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the White Bear Suppression Inventory. Repeated measures multiple regression analysis (using General Linear Model procedures) revealed significant 3-way interactions such that participants scoring high on the rumination and/or helplessness subscales of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale an... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3216417 Tue, 26 Jan 2010 07:04:47 +0100 3216417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3212092&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa18hp3w432x55345%2F Abstract  Few behavioral interventions have been conducted to reduce high-risk sexual behavior among HIV-positive Men who have Sex with Men (HIV+ MSM). Hence, we lack well-proven interventions for this population. Positive Connections is a randomized controlled trial (n = 675 HIV+ MSM) comparing the effects of two sexual health seminars—for HIV+ MSM and all MSM—with a contrast prevention video arm. Baseline, 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up surveys assessed psychosexual variables and frequency of serodiscordant unprotected anal intercourse (SDUAI). At post-test, intentions to avoid transmission were significantly higher in the sexual health arms. However, SDUAI frequency decreased equally across arms. HIV+ MSM engaging in SDUAI at baseline were more likely to lea... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3212092 Mon, 25 Jan 2010 17:00:04 +0100 3212092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3208222&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg28032v6235tp251%2F This study examined the relationship between nicotine dependence and adolescent problem behaviors in an ethnically diverse sample of urban South African adolescents. A community sample (N = 731) consisting of “Black,” “White,” “Coloured,” and “Indian” youths aged 12–17 years was drawn from the Johannesburg metropolitan area. Structured interviews were administered by trained interviewers. Nicotine dependence was assessed by the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence. Logistic regression analyses showed that higher levels of nicotine dependence significantly predicted elevated levels of violent behavior, deviant behavior, marijuana and other illegal drug use, binge drinking, early sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent condom u... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3208222 Sat, 23 Jan 2010 07:44:26 +0100 3208222 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3163633&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa703848r321024j3%2F Abstract  The reduction of intentional exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important area of skin cancer prevention. Hillhouse et al. (Cancer 113:3257–3266, 2008) have developed an appearance-focused intervention with evidence of efficacy in lowering indoor tanning UV exposure in young women. In the current study, a subgroup approach was used to determine moderators of intervention efficacy. Undergraduate females in two regions of the United States (n = 362) were randomized into an intervention or control condition. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of indoor tanners based on patterns of indoor tanning motives. Intervention efficacy was examined within each subgroup. We found evidence for 4 subgroups of tanners: knowledgeable-appeara... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3163633 Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:22:44 +0100 3163633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129343&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F61014432n6w75687%2F This study used a placebo-controlled, between-subjects opioid blockade design to evaluate endogenous opioid involvement in the hypoalgesia associated with elevated resting blood pressure (BP) in 163 healthy individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to Drug condition (placebo, naltrexone) and Task Order (computerized maze task with harassment followed by an ischemic pain task or vice versa). Resting BP was assessed, followed by drug administration, and then the pain and maze tasks. A significant Drug × Systolic BP (SBP) interaction was observed on McGill Pain Questionnaire-Affective pain ratings (P < .01), indicating that BP-related hypoalgesia observed under placebo was absent under opioid blockade. A significant Gender × Drug × SBP&... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129343 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 19:27:07 +0100 3129343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3129344&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc8p821881175417n%2F This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and patient acceptance of the first German-language Internet-based treatment for infertile patients. Infertile patients (N = 124) were randomly assigned to either an 8-week Internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment, or to a waiting-list control group. Participants were assessed at treatment start, post-treatment, and at a 5-month follow-up. Outcome measures included mental health and pregnancy rate. From pre- to posttest, treated participants in contrast to controls did not show significant improvement, although between-group effect sizes were in favor of the intervention group on all mental health measures (Cohen’s d ranged from 0.16 to 0.38). The intervention significantly reduced the depression level of clinically distressed... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3129344 Mon, 28 Dec 2009 19:27:02 +0100 3129344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3089143&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy706r54481260978%2F Abstract  Behavior change interventions are effective to the extent that they affect appropriately-measured outcomes, especially in experimental controlled trials. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the impact of a 1-year weight management intervention based on self-determination theory (SDT) on theory-based psychosocial mediators, physical activity/exercise, and body weight and composition. Participants were 239 women (37.6 ± 7.1 years; 31.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2) who received either an intervention focused on promoting autonomous forms of exercise regulation and intrinsic motivation, or a general health education program (controls). At 12 months, the intervention group showed increased weight loss (−7.29%,) and higher levels of physical a... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3089143 Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:12:22 +0100 3089143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3082314&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu421043721631262%2F This study explored the influence of psychosocial factors on an important prognostic indictor among heart patients, exercise tolerance (ET). Prior to attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR), 100 men and 24 women completed a survey assessing social support and self-efficacy for exercise in CR followed by an ET test (ETT) measured in metabolic equivalents (METS) 1 month later. Regression analyses showed that age was the strongest predictor of METS, but that income and the psychosocial variables also significantly impacted on METS. Overall, 50% of the variance in METS was explained by the predictor variables. These results show that psychosocial factors affect the ET of heart patients. Future research should examine the prognostic role of these psychosocial factors as they affect ET ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3082314 Sun, 06 Dec 2009 00:44:37 +0100 3082314 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3047968&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fwm4477011jv82541%2F We examined whether the importance of a treatment goal moderates this association. In Study 1 (N = 95), individuals high in optimism were more interested in attending a nutrition education program when the importance of nutrition was first highlighted. In Study 2 (N = 91), participants were given the opportunity to attend psychotherapy to address an academic problem. Dispositional optimism was associated with greater treatment attendance when participants rated their problems as high, relative to low, in importance. It is concluded that the personality variable of dispositional optimism does relate to interest and attendance in treatment, however, treatment goal importance moderates these relationships. It is recommended that practitioners and researchers take an ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3047968 Sun, 29 Nov 2009 09:32:22 +0100 3047968 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3047969&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw510245v87825357%2F We examined whether baseline social support might differentially affect treatment outcome in 127 participants with MS and depression randomized to either Telephone-administered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (T-CBT) or Telephone-administered Emotion-Focused Therapy (T-EFT). We predicted that those with low social support would improve more in T-EFT, since this approach emphasizes the therapeutic relationship, while participants with strong social networks and presumably more emotional resources might fare better in the more structured and demanding T-CBT. We found that both level of received support and satisfaction with that support at baseline did moderate treatment outcome. Individuals with high social support showed a greater reduction in depressive symptoms in the T-CBT as predict... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3047969 Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:02:28 +0100 3047969 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3033513&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp3t917722t1j6888%2F Abstract  Physical activity interventions among youth have resulted in modest outcomes; thus, there is a need to increase the theoretical fidelity of interventions and hone pilot work before embarking on large scale trials. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a planning intervention in comparison to a standard condition on intergenerational physical activity in families with young children. Inactive families (N = 85) were randomized to either a standard condition (received physical activity guidelines and a local municipal healthy active living guide) or the intervention (physical activity guidelines, local municipal healthy active living guide + planning material) after completing a baseline questionnaire package. Sixty-five families (standard c... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3033513 Tue, 24 Nov 2009 07:12:02 +0100 3033513 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3033514&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa0067x173332xw72%2F We examined the influence of Type D personality (i.e., increased negative emotions paired with emotional non-expression) on quality of life in primary care heart failure patients, using a prospective study design. Heart failure patients (n = 251) recruited from 44 primary care practices in Germany completed standardized questionnaires at baseline and 9 months. The prevalence of Type D was 31.9%. Type D patients experienced poorer emotional (P < .001) and physical quality of life (P = .01) at baseline and 9 months compared to non-Type D patients. There was no significant change in emotional (P = .78) nor physical quality of life (P = .74) over time; neither the interaction for time by Type D for emotional (P = .31) ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3033514 Mon, 23 Nov 2009 16:52:00 +0100 3033514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3023023&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fll64148m681857j8%2F Abstract  Depression and low self-efficacy are both associated with worse glycemic control in adults with diabetes, but the relationship between these variables is poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional study examining associations between depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and glycemic control among men (n = 64) and women (n = 98) with type 2 diabetes to see if self-efficacy mediates the relationship between depression and glycemic control. Correlational and mediational analyses examined the relationship between these three variables for the sample as a whole and separately by sex. A significant association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control was found for men (0.34, P < 0.01) but not for women (0.05, P = 0.... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3023023 Sat, 21 Nov 2009 08:51:52 +0100 3023023 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2999424&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9349685r27x02416%2F This study examined the relationship between significant other responses and patient outcomes in patients with unexplained CF. Questionnaire data were collected from 117 patients on physical function, fatigue, pain, illness behaviors and responses of significant others to them, and depression. Ninety-four SOs reported their perceptions of patient illness behavior and their responses. Thirty-seven of these dyads also completed a series of household activities while being videotaped. Dyadic interactions were coded and analyzed. Both reported and observed solicitous responses by the significant other were associated with reported and observed patient illness behavior. Negative responses to patient illness behavior by significant others were associated with higher levels of patient depr... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2999424 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 18:28:13 +0100 2999424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2971855&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft47251t211653r20%2F This article presents two experiments aiming to investigate the adoption of a graduated measure to describe credibility attribution by observers who evaluate patients’ pain accounts. A total of 160 medical students were required to express a credibility judgment on the pain intensity level of hypothetical patients. We used 16 vignettes based on a factorial mixed-design. Within-participants factors were the reported pain, the presence of a physical sign, the patient’s facial expression and the patient’s gender, and between-groups factors were the patient’s age and the geographical distribution of the patient’s name. Results confirm the well-established tendency not to believe patients’ self-reports and provide information regarding the evaluators’ uncertainty. The findin... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2971855 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 19:25:37 +0100 2971855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2948282&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjh313223116702vj%2F Abstract  Models that explain preventive behaviors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, do not account for social and cultural factors relevant to African Americans. This exploratory study examined the relationship between socio-cultural factors (e.g., traditional acculturative strategy, group-based medical mistrust, physician ethnicity, and group-level perceptions of susceptibility) and perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and CRC screening intentions among African Americans (N = 198; Age: M = 59.7, SD = 9.9; 65% female; 44% household income $50,000+). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the following models with perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and screening intentions as the outcomes: (a) traditional acculturativ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2948282 Thu, 29 Oct 2009 19:51:06 +0100 2948282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930845&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9750134231040425%2F Abstract  This prospective study explores prayer, reverence, and other aspects of faith in postoperative complications and hospital length of stay of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Alongside traditional religiousness measures, we examined sense of reverence in religious and secular contexts. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 177 patients 2 weeks before surgery at a medical center. Medical variables were retrieved from the national Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ Database. Logistic and multiple regression models were performed to predict outcomes. Prayer frequencies were associated with reduced complications but not hospitalization. Sense of reverence in secular contexts predicted fewer complications and shorter hospitalization. Cont... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930845 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 17:11:06 +0100 2930845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930846&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1q8t517024676w22%2F Abstract  Research on the conceptualization of adherence to treatment has not addressed a key question: Is adherence best defined as being a uni-dimensional or multi-dimensional behavioral construct? The primary aim of this study was to test which of these conceptual models best described adherence to a weight management program. This ancillary study was conducted as a part of the POUNDS LOST trial that tested the efficacy of four dietary macronutrient compositions for promoting weight loss. A sample of 811 overweight/obese adults was recruited across two clinical sites, and each participant was randomly assigned to one of four macronutrient prescriptions: (1) Low fat (20% of energy), average protein (15% of energy); (2) High fat (40%), average protein (15%); (3) Low fat (2... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930846 Sat, 24 Oct 2009 17:11:05 +0100 2930846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2908459&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fjg67v7r647634209%2F Abstract  Cancer patients sometimes report positive life changes in addition to more harrowing ones. Theoretically, several cognitive processes are thought to contribute to posttraumatic growth, but few studies have examined these relationships empirically among cancer patients. Moreover, most research has been conducted in western developed countries. This preliminary study offered a novel examination of posttraumatic growth and its cognitive correlates among cancer patients in western India. As hypothesized, in bivariate analyses perceived growth was significantly associated with greater meaning-focused coping (sense-making, benefit-finding), and with reappraisal of worldviews. Growth was not related to subjective appraisals regarding illness threat or stressfulness. In m... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2908459 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 06:13:53 +0100 2908459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2851645&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F77401766225554p1%2F Abstract  This meta-analysis examined whether effects of psychosocial interventions on psychological distress in cancer patients are conditional upon pre-intervention distress levels. Published articles and unpublished dissertations between 1980 and 2005 were searched for interventions reporting the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) or the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Multilevel mixed-effects modeling was used to meta-analyze effect-sizes separately for the HADS (27 trials, 2,424 patients) and STAI (34 trials, 2,029 patients). Pre-intervention distress significantly moderated intervention effects, explaining up to 50% of the between-study effect-size variance: effects on anxiety and depression were generally negligible when pre-intervention d... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2851645 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 04:00:32 +0100 2851645 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812340&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl33674j338252044%2F Abstract  Although socioeconomic status is a major contributing factor to health disparities, the mechanisms through which socioeconomic status influences health remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate an a priori conceptual model of the pathways between socioeconomic status and modifiable health risk factors in a sample of 399 African Americans seeking smoking cessation treatment. A latent variable modeling approach was utilized to characterize the interrelationships among socioeconomic status, neighborhood disadvantage, social support, negative affect/perceived stress, and three specific modifiable risk factors (i.e., overweight/obesity, insufficient physical activity, at-risk drinking). Findings indicated that neighborhood disadvantage, social su... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812340 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 12:53:31 +0100 2812340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2812341&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu620212w48170827%2F This study adds to previous research by outlining discrete associations between specific HRQOL domains, and is perhaps the first to test a theoretical model of depression and anxiety in relation to cardiac CABG patients’ perceptions of HRQOL. These findings encourage further research on negative emotions and HRQOL in cardiac surgery patients and the practical implications of these findings are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9225-4Authors Phillip J. Tully, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University Cardiac and Thoracic Surgical Unit, Department of Medicine Level 6 Flinders Private Hospital, Bedford Park Adelaide SA 5042 AustraliaRobert A. Baker, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University Cardiac and Thoracic Surgical Unit, Department of Med... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2812341 Wed, 16 Sep 2009 12:53:30 +0100 2812341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2670710&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx363l222663j4n73%2F Abstract  UV exposure via sunbathing and utilization of sun lamps and tanning beds are considered important risk factors for the development of skin cancer. Psychosocial models of UV exposure are often based on theories of health behavior, but theory from the body image field can be useful as well. The current study examines models that prospectively predict sunbathing and indoor tanning behaviors using constructs and interrelationships derived from the tripartite theory of body image, theory of reasoned action, health belief model, revised protection motivation theory, and a proposed integration of several health behavior models. The results generally support a model in which intentions mediate the relationship between appearance attitudes and tanning behaviors, appearance... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2670710 Mon, 03 Aug 2009 18:06:14 +0100 2670710 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2662410&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpjj45m305l23n158%2F Abstract  Positive health behaviors are crucial to cancer survivors’ well-being, yet little is known about the personal factors that may facilitate positive health behaviors. The current study focuses on the association of religion/spirituality (R/S) and health behaviors, examining links between health behaviors and religious attendance, daily spiritual experiences, and religious struggle in a sample of 167 younger adult survivors of a variety of cancers. The extent to which positive affect (self-assurance) and negative affect (guilt/shame) mediate these links was also investigated. Results revealed that religious attendance had little impact on health behaviors, but that daily spiritual experiences were related to greater performance of health behaviors, while religious ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2662410 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:22:52 +0100 2662410 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509120&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe120485837319217%2F Abstract  Using a community-based participatory research approach, we explored adolescent, parent, and community stakeholder perspectives on barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, and intervention ideas to address adolescent obesity. We conducted 14 adolescent focus groups (n = 119), 8 parent focus groups (n = 63), and 28 interviews with community members (i.e., local experts knowledgeable about youth nutrition and physical activity). Participants described ecological and psychosocial barriers in neighborhoods (e.g., lack of accessible nutritious food), in schools (e.g., poor quality of physical education), at home (e.g., sedentary lifestyle), and at the individual level (e.g., lack of nutrition knowledge). Participants proposed interventions s... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509120 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 06:37:53 +0100 2509120 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509121&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg24240605950g8q7%2F Abstract  Current research indicates that emotional support is strongly associated with physical and psychological adjustment in persons living with HIV/AIDS. While gender-differences in health and health behaviors of HIV positive patients are well studied, less is known about how men and women living with HIV/AIDS may differentially perceive and integrate support into their lives, and how it subsequently affects their psychological well-being. This cross-sectional study examines how emotional support received from partners and family/friends and gender explains psychological well-being (i.e., stress, depression, anxiety) in a sample of 409 partnered European HIV positive individuals. We hypothesized that gender would modify the associations between support and psychologica... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509121 Fri, 19 Jun 2009 06:47:31 +0100 2509121 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509122&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fe0482167p6127155%2F This study examined the relationship of post-traumatic and depressive symptom severity with measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and health care utilization in a sample of 503 HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited in their primary HIV care setting. Participants completed computer assisted assessments of mood and anxiety, HRQOL, and HIV treatment. Peripheral blood CD4 (T helper) lymphocyte count, plasma HIV RNA concentration, and number of medical appointments were extracted from an electronic medical record. Controlling for demographics, disease stage, and antiretroviral medication, post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms accounted for significant variation in general health estimates, and in pain, role, and work-related impairment. Additionally,... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509122 Sat, 13 Jun 2009 07:55:34 +0100 2509122 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509124&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7p6x21k3j03vq506%2F Abstract  In a stepped-care approach to treatment, patients are transitioned to more intensive treatments when less intensive treatments fail to meet treatment goals. Self-help programs are recommended as an initial, low intensity treatment phase in stepped-care models. This investigation examined the effectiveness of a self-help, stepped-care weight loss program. Fifty-eight overweight/obese adults (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) participated in a weight loss program. Participants were predominately Caucasian (93.1%) and female (89.7%) with a mean BMI of 36.6 (SD = 7.1). Of those completing the program, 57% of participants (N = 21) who remained in self-help maintained an 8% weight loss at follow-up. Participants who were stepped-up self-monitored fewer... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509124 Fri, 12 Jun 2009 11:31:40 +0100 2509124 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2509123&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff667t31441815043%2F Abstract  Primary prevention and early detection continue to be of paramount importance in addressing the public health threat of skin cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and correlates of skin cancer-related health behaviors in the general population. To achieve this aim, 91 studies published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past three decades were reviewed and synthesized. Reported estimates of sunscreen use varied considerably across studies, ranging from 7 to 90%. According to self-report, between 23 and 61% of individuals engage in skin self-examination at least once per year, and the documented prevalence of annual clinical skin examination ranges from 8 to 21%. Adherence to sun protection... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2509123 Fri, 12 Jun 2009 11:31:40 +0100 2509123 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2468928&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1554hmu5350103gm%2F This study demonstrated that smokers and quitters with CAD had greater depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants than non-smokers, but that the antidepressants utilized may not be optimizing outcomes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9218-3Authors Shannon Gravely-Witte, York University Faculty of Health Norman Bethune 222B, 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 CanadaDonna E. Stewart, University Health Network Women’s Health Program Toronto ON CanadaNeville Suskin, London Health Sciences Centre London ON CanadaSherry L. Grace, York University Faculty of Health Norman Bethune 222B, 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2468928 Sat, 06 Jun 2009 10:12:21 +0100 2468928 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432642&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp5506vh8r7q2137l%2F Abstract  Alcohol-exposed pregnancy is a leading cause of preventable birth defects in the United States. This paper describes the motivational patterns that relate to risky drinking and ineffective contraception, two behaviors that can result in alcohol-exposed pregnancy. As part of an intervention study aimed at reducing alcohol-exposed pregnancy 124 women were recruited and reported demographic characteristics, readiness to change, stages of change, drinking, contraception, and sexual behavior history. Our results showed the following. Drinking: A significant positive correlation was found between the number of drinks consumed in 90 days and the Importance to reduce drinking (r = .23, p = .008). A significant negative correlation between number of... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432642 Thu, 21 May 2009 06:11:37 +0100 2432642 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2423553&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy351624141440222%2F This study examines support relationships among 65 couples in which the husband had a long-term spinal cord injury, and a comparison group of 65 couples without disability. Based on facet theory, we constructed a mapping sentence that forms a definitional framework for couple support, and developed a detailed inventory to assess attitudes regarding mutual support in couple relations, the sense of support availability, support behaviors of giving and receiving, the degree to which the support meets one’s needs, response to received support, and preference for support from within the couple and from external sources. These are all measured with respect to instrumental, emotional and informational support. Smallest space analysis showed various structures of the relations between elem... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2423553 Mon, 18 May 2009 05:53:28 +0100 2423553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2330521&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F9x41lm1670628806%2F This study describes the development and validation of culturally adapted measures of the transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs of Stage of Change, Decisional Balance, and Self-efficacy applied to blood donation in an African American sample. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses produced one pros and two cons scales for the Decisional Balance Inventory, and one scale for the Situational Self-efficacy Measure. Expected patterns for the Decisional Balance and Self-efficacy Scales by Stage of Change were found, but only the pros and one cons scale varied significantly. Results provide support for use of the TTM applied to blood donation and have important implications for development of effective assessment and intervention tools to increase blood donation among the African American ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2330521 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 05:55:27 +0100 2330521 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2330522&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F125m377106g12378%2F This study evaluated the effects of a brief, regular, proactive, telephone “coaching” intervention delivered by paraprofessionals on diabetes adherence, glycemic control, diabetes-related medical symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Therapeutic mechanisms underlying the intervention’s effect on the primary outcomes were also examined. Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (N = 62) were randomly assigned to receive the “coaching” intervention and treatment as usual, or only treatment as usual. The intervention increased frequency of exercise and feet inspection, improved diet, reduced diabetes medical symptoms, and lowered depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy, reinforcement, and awareness of self-care goals mediated the treatment effect on depression, exercise, and fee... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2330522 Tue, 14 Apr 2009 05:55:26 +0100 2330522 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2301862&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F97331gr6g2805719%2F Abstract  Communicating bad news is never easy and for physicians these interactions may be a significant source of stress. To examine the characteristics that make delivering of bad news stressful, two studies were conducted. In the first study, 37 physicians generated 192 responses describing the characteristics that influence how difficult it is to break bad news. After sorting the responses in terms of common themes, six categories were identified: Physician, Patient, Institutional, Illness, Relationship, and Mishap. In Study 2, 115 physicians rated the degree of stress associated with each factor. Using principle component and reliability analyses, empirical support was found for six categories. A higher-order factor analysis suggested the existence of one over-arching... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2301862 Thu, 26 Mar 2009 08:26:59 +0100 2301862 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2301863&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F025574h2x0371020%2F Abstract  It is generally assumed that coping strategies impact quality of life (QOL). It is plausible that QOL determines use of coping strategies. This research examines coping strategies over time and the reciprocal relationship between coping strategies and QOL among younger women with breast cancer. Women with breast cancer (N = 267; mean age = 43 years) completed surveys within 6 months of diagnosis and 6 weeks and 6 months later. Surveys included questions on coping strategies, QOL, medical factors, and sociodemographics. Positive cognitive restructuring was the most frequently used strategy. Over time, use of seeking social support, spirituality, and wishful thinking declined, while detachment increased. Prior QOL predicted thr... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2301863 Tue, 24 Mar 2009 07:03:52 +0100 2301863 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2275341&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2l21877217jpj704%2F Abstract  Combination antiretroviral therapy has helped extend the lives of persons infected with HIV; however, the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens depends, in part, on the consistency with which the medications are taken. In this paper, we review 11 empirical studies conducted in Western developed nations that utilized psychometrically valid neuropsychological measures to examine the relationship between cognitive functioning and HAART adherence. In general, impaired neuropsychological functioning—particularly within the domains of executive functioning and problem solving, learning and memory, attention and working memory, and global cognitive functioning—was associated with lower medication adherence across studies. However, inconsis... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2275341 Tue, 17 Mar 2009 06:58:17 +0100 2275341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2261687&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm6np721q9022t886%2F Abstract  While stimulus intensity obviously affects degree of pain responding, presentation order effects of stimuli of different intensities on acute pain responses are under-researched. The present study examined the effects of manipulating presentation order of lower and higher pain stimulus intensity. Using 96 undergraduates, this investigation employed a 2 × 2 mixed research design, with pain stimulus sequence as a between-subjects variable and pain stimulus trial as a repeated measure. When the greater pain stimulus intensity was presented last, verbal report of pain was higher. Also, performance of a cognitive task was interrupted the least when the lower stimulus intensity was presented last. Heart rate, however, was highest when the greater stimulus int... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2261687 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 10:05:15 +0100 2261687 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2239098&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fb664248065275w44%2F Abstract  A comprehensive, methodologically informed review of studies of the effectiveness of hypnosis for reducing procedure-related pain in children and adolescents is provided. To be included in the review, studies were required to use a between-subjects or mixed model design in which hypnosis was compared with a control condition or an alternative intervention in reducing the procedure-related pain of patients younger than age 19. An exhaustive search identified 13 studies satisfying these criteria. Hypnosis was consistently found to be more effective than control conditions in alleviating discomfort associated with bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures, voiding cystourethograms, the Nuss procedure, and post-surgical pain. Furthermore, hypnosis was as at least as e... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2239098 Tue, 03 Mar 2009 10:15:22 +0100 2239098 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209223&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F011620220h1u4541%2F Conclusion  Non-Caucasian patients reporting higher levels of pain-related anxiety may respond particularly well to treatment. Treatment sessions focused on progressive muscle relaxation and cognitive reconceptualization of pain may be particularly helpful. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9208-5Authors Michael A. Cucciare, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine CHCE 795 Willow Road (152) Menlo Park CA 94025 USAJohn T. Sorrell, San Mateo County Medical Center San Mateo CA USAJodie A. Trafton, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine CHCE 795 Willow Road (152) Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print IS... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209223 Sat, 21 Feb 2009 08:10:37 +0100 2209223 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2199451&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr7684v4g4g837226%2F Abstract  High rates of infection for chlamydia and gonorrhea have been noted among youths involved in the juvenile justice system. Although both individual and community-level factors have been found to be associated with sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk, their relative importance has not been tested in this population. A two-level logistic regression analysis was completed to assess the influence of individual-level and community-level predictors on STD test results among arrested youths processed at a centralized intake facility. Results from weighted two level logistic regression analyses (n = 1,368) indicated individual-level factors of gender (being female), age, race (being African American), and criminal history predicted the youths’ positive STD s... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2199451 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 09:46:20 +0100 2199451 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2199452&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh41047432nrw7274%2F Abstract  Research on the reception of health risk feedback has focused on the analysis of single, researcher-selected cognitive reactions. The full range of spontaneous reactions and their patterns have received little attention. The present paper explores content, interrelations, and adaptivity of spontaneous reactions to health risk feedback from a network perspective. Participants (n = 423) received blood pressure and cholesterol feedback and listed their thoughts afterwards. A network of reactions to health risk feedback was constructed from the responses. Emotions, risk feedback valence, future lifestyle, and expectedness emerged as strong and largely well-connected network nodes, while previously well-researched reactions like feedback acceptance formed smal... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2199452 Wed, 18 Feb 2009 09:46:16 +0100 2199452 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2172070&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F906j7n8393473414%2F We examined the impact of co-occurring diabetes and hopelessness on 3-year prognosis in percutaneous coronary intervention patients. Consecutive patients (n = 534) treated with the paclitaxel-eluting stent completed a set of questionnaires at baseline and were followed up for 3-year adverse clinical events. The incidence of 3-year death/non-fatal myocardial infarction was 3.5% in patients with no risk factors (neither hopelessness nor diabetes), 8.2% in patients with diabetes, 11.2% in patients with high hopelessness, and 15.9% in patients with both factors (p = 0.001). Patients with hopelessness (HR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.49–7.23) and co-occurring diabetes and hopelessness (HR: 4.89; 95% CI: 1.86–12.85) were at increased risk of 3-year adverse clinical events compar... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2172070 Sat, 07 Feb 2009 10:18:10 +0100 2172070 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149284&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7x9100902832x115%2F This study evaluated the use of the Social Competence Interview and Anger Transcendence Challenge in a sample of 63 men and women in AUD intensive outpatient treatment. The results support the use of the Social Competence Interview and the Anger Transcendence Challenge with an adult AUD clinical sample, so that these measures may help to advance knowledge about the relationship between interpersonal stress and alcohol relapse. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9201-zAuthors Stephen A. Maisto, Syracuse University Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior 430 Huntington Hall Syracuse NY 13244 USACraig K. Ewart, Syracuse University Department of Psychology and Center for Health and Behavior 430 Huntington Hall Syracuse NY 13244 USAGerard J. Connors,... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149284 Fri, 30 Jan 2009 06:51:02 +0100 2149284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2149285&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn0606k348uj11363%2F Abstract  Despite the effectiveness of drug therapy in diabetes management high rates of poor adherence persist. The purpose of this study was to identify potentially modifiable patient disease and medication beliefs associated with poor medication adherence among people with diabetes. A cohort of patients with diabetes was recruited from an urban primary-care clinic in New York City. Patients were interviewed in English or Spanish about: disease beliefs, medication beliefs, regimen complexity, diabetes knowledge, depression, self-efficacy, and medication adherence (Morisky scale). Logistic regression was used to identify multivariate predictors of poor medication adherence (Morisky > 1). Patients (n = 151) had diabetes for an average of 13 years ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2149285 Fri, 30 Jan 2009 06:50:58 +0100 2149285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2147116&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F442p11204066545v%2F Conclusion  These findings can be used to increase awareness among general practitioners, as well as community stakeholders, about the prevalence of childhood trauma in Mexican communities and its impact on subsequent physical health outcomes. With this awareness, screening practices could be developed to identify those with trauma histories in order to increase positive health outcomes among trauma survivors. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9199-2Authors Charlene K. Baker, University of Hawaii Department of Psychology 2430 Campus Road, Gartley 110 Honolulu HI 96822 USAFran H. Norris, Dartmouth Medical School and National Center for PTSD Lebanon NH USAEric C. Jones, University of North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro NC USAArthur D. Murphy, Universit... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2147116 Thu, 29 Jan 2009 08:21:56 +0100 2147116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134303&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fk22642403k610573%2F Abstract  Insomnia is a common disorder effecting millions of people worldwide. Currently most individuals suffering from insomnia take medications to help them sleep. However, there are a variety of behavioral treatments, which have been shown to be effective in empirical studies that offer many advantages over medications. In addition, behavioral treatments have been shown to be more effective long-term than medication. This paper reviews the principles and practice of these behavioral treatments. At the end of the paper there is also a brief discussion of circadian rhythm disorders that can mimic insomnia. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9198-8Authors Matthew R. Ebben, Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Neurology and Neuroscie... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134303 Sat, 24 Jan 2009 12:16:13 +0100 2134303 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2128295&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F54g445725482522m%2F Discussion  Results supported a mediation effect, such that the treatment effect on physical activity was completely mediated by changes in self-efficacy. Although replication is needed, results support the theoretical rationale for targeting self-efficacy to promote physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-009-9200-0Authors Gareth R. Dutton, Florida State University College of Medicine Department of Medical Humanities & Social Sciences 1115 W. Call St. Tallahassee FL 32306 USAFei Tan, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Tallahassee FL USABridgette C. Provost, Florida State University College of Medicine Department of Medical Humanities & Social Sciences 1115 W. Call St. Tallahassee FL 32306 USAJ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2128295 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 00:04:27 +0100 2128295 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2128294&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm4606874m40815w4%2F Content Type Journal ArticleCategory AcknowledgmentDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9197-9 Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2128294 Thu, 22 Jan 2009 00:04:27 +0100 2128294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2104015&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F808j62wk0330123g%2F Abstract Introduction  Research within the field of traumatic stress has documented a strong link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adverse physical health outcomes, although the mechanisms contributing to this relationship are unclear. Method  The current study examined substance use behaviors as one such mediator in a mixed civilian trauma population. Participants were 136 undergraduates exposed to a variety of civilian traumas. They completed measures assessing trauma exposure, substance use behaviors, and physical health outcomes. Results  Moderate correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity, substance use, and adverse health outcomes. Mediational analyses indicated that substance use behaviors, especially alcoho... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2104015 Tue, 13 Jan 2009 08:38:19 +0100 2104015 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2097585&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F221w2874652786p5%2F Abstract  The present study examines the reasons cited by 103 patients for their electing to undergo total knee arthroplastic surgery and the relationship between these reasons and their post-operative pain and range of motion. Results suggest that individuals who describe different reasons for undergoing surgery vary in their post-operative recovery. Specifically, patients who cite pain as the reason they are undergoing surgery report greater levels of pain during the early post-operative period. In contrast, patients who describe goals of regaining mobility or a specific activity as their reason for undergoing surgery achieve a greater range of motion during early post-operative physical therapy. Individuals who express avoidance goals for undergoing total knee arthroplas... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2097585 Sat, 10 Jan 2009 11:03:14 +0100 2097585 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089369&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg22517276qw6612g%2F Abstract  Racism is a stressor that contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in mental and physical health and to variations in these outcomes within racial and ethnic minority groups. The aim of this paper is to identify and discuss key issues in the study of individual-level strategies for coping with interpersonal racism. We begin with a discussion of the ways in which racism acts as a stressor and requires the mobilization of coping resources. Next, we examine available models for describing and conceptualizing strategies for coping with racism. Third, we discuss three major forms of coping: racial identity development, social support seeking and anger suppression and expression. We examine empirical support for the role of these coping strategies in buffering the impac... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089369 Wed, 07 Jan 2009 08:14:09 +0100 2089369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2089368&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fqwrn15vu361l5848%2F Abstract  This purpose of this paper is to review the literature on racial/ethnic disparities in the utilization and quality of care and the proposed explanations for these differences. First, the literature on racial/ethnic disparities in medical treatment is reviewed briefly with the goal of providing a sense of the range of procedures and conditions on which these disparities occur. Then, the possible role of physician/provider, patient, and health care system factors in contributing to these disparities is reviewed. Finally, suggestions for new or expanded directions for research in each of these three areas are given. The goal of the paper is to identify factors that might be particularly amenable to the type of research done by health psychologists. Content Type Jou... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2089368 Wed, 07 Jan 2009 08:14:09 +0100 2089368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2059619&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F435865101j0424q5%2F Abstract  Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and it is now cited along with obesity as a global epidemic. Significant racial/ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence of diabetes within the US, with racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes and its complications. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic factors influence the development and course of diabetes at multiple levels, including genetic, individual, familial, community and national. From an ecodevelopmental perspective, cultural variables assessed at one level (e.g., family level dietary practices) may interact with other types of variables examined at other levels (e.g., the availability of healthy foods within a low-income neighborhood), thus prompting the... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2059619 Sun, 21 Dec 2008 08:35:17 +0100 2059619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2059618&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl122083p222501x7%2F Abstract  The purpose of this 2-year prospective study was to compare standard self-report and ecologically-based outcome measures in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Standard measures assessed physical function, fatigue impact, psychological variables, and global impression of change ratings. Ecological measures included actigraphy, a structured activity record, and an electronic fatigue/energy diary. Results for this high functioning sample (N = 75) revealed that self-report global improvement was significantly associated with lower momentary fatigue and fatigue impact, and a higher frequency of standing up (at home), but not with actigraphy or psychological variables. However, actigraphy change was significantly correlated with change in self-report... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2059618 Sun, 21 Dec 2008 08:35:17 +0100 2059618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051727&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F13041q6867046340%2F Abstract  A common thread among health behavior theories is the importance of perceived control, often defined within the health psychology literature as locus of control. Inconsistencies have been found regarding the role of locus of control in predicting health behaviors. These inconsistencies may be resolved by exploring interactions between internal locus of control and other perceived control constructs such as self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. The present study tested the interaction of internal locus of control, self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in relation to HbA1c in patients with Type 2 diabetes. One hundred and nine medical patients who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, predominantly from an African American as well as disadvantaged background, particip... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051727 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:28:54 +0100 2051727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2051728&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg3t35m6368878068%2F Abstract  The goals of this special section are to examine the state-of-the-science regarding race/ethnicity and racism as they contribute to health disparities and to articulate a research agenda to guide future research. In the first paper, Myers presents an integrative theoretical framework for understanding how racism, poverty, and other major stressors relate to health through inter-related psychosocial and bio-behavioral pathways. Williams and Mohammed review the evidence concerning associations between racism and health, addressing the multiple levels at which racism can operate and commenting on important methodological issues. Klonoff provides a review and update of the literature concerning ethnicity-related disparities in healthcare, and addresses factors that ma... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2051728 Wed, 17 Dec 2008 08:28:53 +0100 2051728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2016405&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F81446101176v3430%2F Abstract  Chronic pain has a considerable impact on patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life (QoL). To assess QoL in people with chronic pain, a pain and discomfort module (PDM) was developed for use with the WHOQOL-100 and its psychometric properties assessed. Sixteen items covered four facets on pain relief; anger and frustration; vulnerability, fear and worry; and uncertainty. Chronic low back pain patients (n = 133) (age 56; pain duration 85 months; 65% female) completed the WHOQOL-100 and PDM, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and SF-12. The PDM showed good internal consistency reliability (α = .88) (alphas .66–.81). Except for anger, all facets associated most strongly with their ‘parent’ domain. Pain and poorer QoL were strongly assoc... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2016405 Fri, 05 Dec 2008 09:29:37 +0100 2016405 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1984343&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F65110575l6726575%2F Abstract  This paper provides a review and critique of empirical research on perceived discrimination and health. The patterns of racial disparities in health suggest that there are multiple ways by which racism can affect health. Perceived discrimination is one such pathway and the paper reviews the published research on discrimination and health that appeared in PubMed between 2005 and 2007. This recent research continues to document an inverse association between discrimination and health. This pattern is now evident in a wider range of contexts and for a broader array of outcomes. Advancing our understanding of the relationship between perceived discrimination and health will require more attention to situating discrimination within the context of other health-relevant ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1984343 Sun, 23 Nov 2008 06:55:24 +0100 1984343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1974341&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3k312131t26k0163%2F This study investigated the relationship between health anxiety and coping in a sample of people with MS (n = 246). Participants with MS reported higher levels of health anxiety compared to an age-matched control sample. Furthermore, compared to normal levels of health anxiety, participants with MS with elevated health anxiety (around 25%) were differentiated by endorsement of greater use of Emotional Preoccupation and Social Support and less use of Problem-Focused Coping. In addition, participants with elevated health anxiety experienced greater disability and generalized anxiety. We further explored the overlap between generalized anxiety and health anxiety in understanding coping strategies and found that health anxiety and generalized anxiety were both uniquely associat... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1974341 Tue, 18 Nov 2008 08:10:50 +0100 1974341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1959435&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj1810v573qx4j253%2F Abstract  The primary aim of this study was to examine youth risk behaviors in relation to: (a) making a smoking quit attempt, and (b) successful cessation among adolescent smokers. Data were analyzed from the public use dataset of the 2003 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The sample consisted of 2,033 students (weighted mean age of 16.3 years, 49.8% female, 73.6% White) who reported a history of daily smoking. While almost two-thirds (63.5%) of adolescent smokers reported making a quit attempt in the last year, only 10% of those were able to successfully quit. Factors associated with making a quit attempt included depression and participating in sports while high-risk sexual activity and engaging in substance use other than alcohol or marijuana were n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1959435 Wed, 12 Nov 2008 22:24:44 +0100 1959435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1944865&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv147k18383307166%2F Abstract  There continues to be debate about how best to conceptualize and measure the role of exposure to ethnicity-related and socio-economic status-related stressors (e.g. racism, discrimination, class prejudice) in accounting for ethnic health disparities over the lifecourse and across generations. In this review, we provide a brief summary of the evidence of health disparities among ethnic groups, and the major evidence on the role of exposure to ethnicity- and SES-related stressors on health. We then offer a reciprocal and recursive lifespan meta-model that considers the interaction of ethnicity and SES history as impacting exposure to psychosocial adversities, including ethnicity-related stresses, and mediating biopsychosocial mechanisms that interact to result in hy... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1944865 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 08:20:13 +0100 1944865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1938082&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy61v243u88658485%2F Abstract  This longitudinal study addressed the role of spirituality in women’s response to breast cancer. Ninety-three women diagnosed with breast cancer were assessed on various measures of image of God, positive attitude, social well-being and emotional distress at pre-diagnosis, 6 months post-surgery and 1 year post-surgery. As compared to women who dropped out of the study, this sample reported religion to be less important in their daily lives. Path analyses showed evidence of direct and indirect effects of positive and negative images of God on emotional distress in cross-sectional but not longitudinal data. A positive image of God was related to greater concurrent distress while a negative image of God was indirectly related to greater distress through t... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1938082 Tue, 04 Nov 2008 07:18:31 +0100 1938082 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1929707&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg2157272574v073g%2F Abstract  Knowledge of the rates and correlates of juvenile offenders’ sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has been limited to samples of incarcerated youths comprised mostly of males. Data collected on 442 female and 506 male youths processed at a centralized intake facility enabled us to study this important public health problem among a sample of juvenile offenders at the front end of the justice system. Female–male, multi-group latent class analyses identified two subgroups, High Risk and Lower Risk, of youths described by a latent construct of risk based on drug test results, STD test results, and a classification for the seriousness of arrest charge. The results found: (1) a similar classification distinguished High Risk and Lower Risk male and female youths, and ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1929707 Sat, 01 Nov 2008 06:56:51 +0100 1929707 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1883035&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx22137334ll43342%2F Abstract  Considerable attention has focused on relationships between religious or spiritual coping and health outcomes among cancer patients. However, few studies have differentiated among discrete dimensions of religious coping, and there have been surprisingly few prospective investigations. Negative or conflicted aspects of religious coping, in particular, represent a compelling area for investigation. This prospective study examined negative religious coping, positive religious coping, and general religious orientation among 94 myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. Participants were assessed during stem cell collection, and again in the immediate aftermath of transplantation, when risks for morbidity are most elevated. Outcomes included Brie... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1883035 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 10:55:31 +0100 1883035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1850386&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5g0g745q4p37128%2F Conclusion Multiple regression analyses revealed the independent negative effect of hostility on flow-mediated dilation (FMD). And this association is independent from biomedical risk factors and other psychological factors, specifically anxiety and depression. With respect to Nitroglycerin-induced dilation, none of the psychological risk factors were found to have statistically significant contribution. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9177-0Authors Tin Kwang Lin, The Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine 2 Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Chia-Yi 622 Taiwan, ROCChia-Ying Weng, National Chung-Cheng University Department of Psychology 168, University Road Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi Taiwan, ROCWen-Chung Wang, National Chung-C... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1850386 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 09:30:46 +0100 1850386 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1850387&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F66p024837t206781%2F We examined whether patient’s beliefs about the causes of their ACS and denial of impact were associated with pre-hospital delay. Pre-hospital delay data were collected from 177 patients with ACS. Retrospective causal beliefs and cardiac denial of impact were assessed using questionnaires. Factor analysis of causal beliefs produced 3 factors; beliefs in stress and emotional state, behavioral and clinical risk factors, and in heredity as causal influences. Patients with strong beliefs that stress and emotional state caused their ACS were more likely to have long pre-hospital delays (>130 min). There were no significant associations between pre-hospital delay and the other two causal belief factors. Patients with greater denial scores were also more likely to have long delays... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1850387 Thu, 02 Oct 2008 09:30:45 +0100 1850387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1832558&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F77qt3jk14721vv16%2F Abstract  The relationship between perceived control and psychological distress in cancer patients has been widely studied, but longitudinal designs are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether perceived control could predict changes in the evolution of psychological distress in breast cancer patients at stages I or II. One hundred and one women were assessed on five occasions: one week after surgery, and again 1, 3, 6 and 12 months later, using the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale, a Self-Efficacy Scale, the Personal Competence Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Profile of Mood Sates (POMS), and the EORTC questionnaire of quality of life. Latent growth curve (LGC) model analysis was used to test the relationship between per... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1832558 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 07:34:19 +0100 1832558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1814883&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl50n12714ww53035%2F This study investigated cognitive representations and psychological effects of being ‘at-risk’ for cancer. Perceived personal risk for cancer and causal attributions for cancer were measured in four groups: women identified as carriers of mutations in breast/ovarian cancer genes BRCA1 BRCA2, habitual smokers, X-ray technicians, and an average-risk group. Despite differences in awareness of their risk status and perceived risk for cancer, the groups did not differ in health anxiety, cancer worry interference, and self-assessed health. Motivated reasoning processes were identified as potential strategies used by individuals at-risk to regulate levels of psychological distress. Evidence for biased risk perceptions and unrealistic optimism were found among smokers, and patterns indic... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1814883 Sat, 20 Sep 2008 10:16:42 +0100 1814883 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1811026&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8v8tt30101682645%2F Abstract  There is a need to advance the quality of healthcare by increasing knowledge about multiple risk factors and how to intervene to improve health outcomes. In an effort to better describe the presentation of multiple risks, this study involved a database review to describe the prevalence and covariation of multiple risk factors in individuals presenting to primary care. Patients with a primary care encounter from January 1, 2005 to June 30, 2005 (N = 10,043) were identified from the Department of Veteran’s Affair’s medical database and information about the following risk factors was extracted: alcohol use, psychiatric distress, body mass, smoking status, blood pressure, and posttraumatic stress. Exploratory and confirmatory latent class analyses identi... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1811026 Thu, 18 Sep 2008 06:42:53 +0100 1811026 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1789958&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5j6714517w262v3m%2F We examined whether negative affect and anger rumination mediate the relationship between forgiveness of others and sleep quality using a sample of 277 undergraduates from a medium-sized Midwestern Catholic university. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing forgiveness of others (situational and dispositional), sleep quality (nocturnal sleep and daytime fatigue), negative affect (depression and anxiety), and anger rumination. Using structural equation modeling, we found that negative affect and anger rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and sleep quality through two indirect pathways. In one pathway, negative affect mediated between forgiveness and sleep quality. In the second pathway, both negative affect and anger rumination functioned as me... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1789958 Fri, 12 Sep 2008 07:53:43 +0100 1789958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1789959&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fx4m4447562946062%2F Abstract  Study purpose was to revise and examine the validity of the Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (MASES) in an independent sample of 168 hypertensive African Americans: mean age 54 years (SD = 12.36); 86% female; 76% high school education or greater. Participants provided demographic information; completed the MASES, self-report and electronic measures of medication adherence at baseline and three months. Confirmatory (CFA), exploratory (EFA) factor analyses, and classical test theory (CTT) analyses suggested that MASES is unidimensional and internally reliable. Item response theory (IRT) analyses led to a revised 13-item version of the scale: MASES-R. EFA, CTT, and IRT results provide a foundation of support for MASES-R reliability and validity ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1789959 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 07:08:02 +0100 1789959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1789960&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn5q7142315q266q1%2F Abstract  The current study aims to compare positive and negative measures of psychosocial functioning among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their healthy siblings. Participants were 41 African-American children with SCD, 97 healthy siblings, and their primary caregivers. Primary caregivers completed self-report questionnaires assessing child behavioral problems, while children with SCD and siblings completed self-report questionnaires assessing coping, self-efficacy, and perceived social support. No significant differences were noted between children with SCD and their siblings on all measures. Both groups reported self-efficacy and perceived social support within the normative range, and endorsed significantly greater use of Positive/Approach coping. In genera... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1789960 Thu, 11 Sep 2008 07:08:01 +0100 1789960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1782049&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy8842h20374382qk%2F Abstract  We were interested in examining the relationship between psychosocial factors and hypertension-related behaviors. We hypothesized that lower emotional well-being and unmarried status would be related to higher BP, poorer medication adherence, greater difficulty adhering to diet and exercise, and current smoking. In a cross-sectional design, 636 hypertensive patients completed the Mental Component Summary (MCS) Scale of the SF-12 and rated their difficulty with adherence to diet, exercise, and medication-taking. In logistic regression analyses, lower MCS scores were associated with difficulty adhering to diet (OR = 0.97, p < .05) and exercise (OR = 0.97, p < .01), and current smoking status (OR = 0.98, p &l... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1782049 Tue, 09 Sep 2008 10:10:49 +0100 1782049 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1768134&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy40p8854517720l0%2F Abstract  Internet delivered primary prevention interventions for HIV risk reduction present significant challenges. Changing lifestyle behaviors, such as beginning to use condoms, is difficult and men seeking dates on line may want to avoid thinking about HIV risk which may lead to low initiation and high dropout rates. Many Internet delivered HIV risk reduction programs have mimicked face-to-face outreach programs, failing to take advantage of the Internet’s capabilities or did not conduct evaluation. This study focuses on examining the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an Internet delivered HIV risk reduction program for rural men who have sex with men (MSM). The program included online recruiting, three intervention modules, each with two sessions, online qu... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1768134 Thu, 04 Sep 2008 08:36:56 +0100 1768134 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1738568&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1657v532uj8715un%2F Abstract  Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) must be close to perfect in order to maintain suppression of HIV viral load, and to prevent the development of drug resistant strains of HIV. People living with HIV (PLWH) often report low levels of adherence. One variable that has been linked to poor adherence is perceived discrimination; however, research has generally not considered the possible unique effects of different types of discrimination on adherence. The present pilot study aimed to examine the association of three types of discrimination (due to HIV+ status, race, or sexual orientation) with adherence among 57 PLWH. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to demonstrate the relationships between each type of discrimination and self-re... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1738568 Sun, 24 Aug 2008 19:57:55 +0100 1738568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1729162&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fhkgt772680n3310v%2F This study examined if elevated depressive symptomology, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), predicted failure to complete a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation program for 600 patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with elevated levels of depressive symptomology (BDI scores ≥ 10) were 2.2 times less likely to complete cardiac rehabilitation compared to patients without depression (BDI < 10), after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and employment. Somatic symptoms predicted non-completion due to medical reasons, whereas younger age predicted failure to complete cardiac rehabilitation due to non-medical reasons. Given the difficulty of reducing mortality by treating depression directly, interventions targetin... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1729162 Fri, 22 Aug 2008 12:35:14 +0100 1729162 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1722954&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fp750p4h453l34627%2F Abstract  Past studies show that optimism and social support are associated with better adjustment following breast cancer treatment. Most studies have examined these relationships in predominantly non-Hispanic White samples. The present study included 77 African American women treated for nonmetastatic breast cancer. Women completed measures of optimism, social support, and adjustment within 10-months of surgical treatment. In contrast to past studies, social support did not mediate the relationship between optimism and adjustment in this sample. Instead, social support was a moderator of the optimism-adjustment relationship, as it buffered the negative impact of low optimism on psychological distress, well-being, and psychosocial functioning. Women with high levels of soc... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1722954 Wed, 20 Aug 2008 08:37:41 +0100 1722954 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1615177&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F333u3v1037754xv5%2F This study examined illness beliefs, behaviors, and hypertension control among 102 African American outpatients. Participants were interviewed about their commonsense beliefs concerning hypertension and its management in accordance with Leventhal’s commonsense model of self-regulation (CSM). Also assessed were medication adherence, stress-reducing behaviors, and lifestyle behaviors recommended for blood pressure control. Blood pressure was measured at about the time of interviewing. Results indicated that endorsement of a medical belief model of hypertension (i.e., caused and controlled by factors such as diet, age, and weight) was cross-sectionally associated with lower systolic blood pressure, a relationship that was statistically mediated by lifestyle behaviors (e.g., cut down s... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1615177 Fri, 11 Jul 2008 07:25:21 +0100 1615177 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1605256&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnh48w3222t01773q%2F Abstract  There is growing evidence linking psychological stress to atopic disease, particularly asthma. Anxiety sensitivity, which is the fear of anxiety-related symptoms, may be particularly important in the study of anxiety and atopic disease. The present study examined the association between atopy and anxiety sensitivity in adult asthmatics. A total of 217 asthma patients who had undergone standard pulmonary function and allergen skin prick testing were included. Participants completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Type D Personality Scale-16 and Beck Depression Inventory-II on the day of their asthma clinic visit. Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index score was found to be significantly higher in atopic (M = 17.15, SE = .... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1605256 Wed, 09 Jul 2008 06:23:45 +0100 1605256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1605257&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl8214210677573t8%2F This study examined factorial invariance of child self-report for ages 5–18 across SES groups in 453 children utilizing the PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed specifying a five-factor model across two SES groups. SES groupings were assigned according to the Hollingshead Index of Social Status. Factorial invariance across socioeconomic status groups was demonstrated based on stability of the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) between the models, and several additional indices of practical fit including the Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA), the Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI), and the Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI). The findings support an equivalent five-factor structure of child self-report on the PedsQLTM across the two ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1605257 Tue, 08 Jul 2008 08:16:24 +0100 1605257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1605258&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fc10857871tk8876t%2F Abstract  The goal of this study was to assess the possible attenuating effects of oral fluid loading on hematological and hemodynamic factors during acute psychological stress in two separate experiments: Experiment 1 assessed the effects of hypotonic fluid loading (water) and Experiment 2 assessed the effects of isotonic fluid loading (Gatorade™). Twenty-eight participants were recruited for Experiment 1, and 28 participants were recruited for Experiment 2. Participants for each experiment completed two test sessions, once in a hypo-hydrated condition (following 12-h fast) and once in a fluid loaded condition (hypotonic or isotonic fluid). During each session, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hgb), calculated plasma volume (CPV), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (S... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1605258 Tue, 08 Jul 2008 08:16:22 +0100 1605258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559879&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy1t200qk12304915%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of social influence on responses to acute pain in women and men in a randomized experimental design. Sixty-eight undergraduates (32 women; 36 men) were randomly assigned to perform a cold pressor task either alone or in the presence of a same-sex friend. Expressions of pain were assessed with the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Overall social support was measured using the Krause social support assessment scale. The presence of a same-sex friend significantly increased pain reports in women, but not in men. Persons who reported high levels of social support on the Krause scale also reported greater cold pressor pain. Results suggest that the presence of a friend can increase pain report to an acute ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559879 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 08:10:42 +0100 1559879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1559880&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fph145570j7v51875%2F Abstract  Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, African American (AA) women are more likely to be obese but less likely to participate in weight loss interventions or to successfully lose weight. Sustained motivation for weight loss may be especially difficult for AA women due to socioeconomic and cultural factors. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the addition of motivational interviewing (MI) to a culturally-targeted behavioral weight loss program for AA women improved adherence to the program, diet and physical activity behaviors, and weight loss outcomes. Forty-four obese (mean BMI = 39.4, SD = 7.1) AA women were randomized to receive a 16-week behavioral weight loss program plus four MI sessions, or the same behavioral weight loss ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1559880 Sat, 28 Jun 2008 08:10:41 +0100 1559880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1550783&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fg210g4p74622wg21%2F Abstract  A handful of recent studies have documented perceived discrimination as a correlate of poor physical and mental health status among ethnic and racial minority groups. To date, however, despite a proliferation of research on ethnic disparities in the severity and impact of a number of persistent pain conditions, there have been no reports on associations between perceived discrimination and pain-related symptoms. Using data from a national survey (the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States; MIDUS), we explore the relationships between perceived discriminatory events and the report of back pain among African-American and white men and women. As expected, African-American participants reported substantially greater perceptions of discrimination t... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1550783 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 06:21:42 +0100 1550783 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1521693&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frk08n22461754w25%2F Abstract  The present study sought to extend prior research by using data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R) to examine the relationship between number of lifetime traumas, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 15 self-reported chronic medical conditions. The goal was to determine whether the commonly found relationship between PTSD symptomatology and physical health were better explained by the number of lifetime traumas experienced. The NCS-R is a representative US household survey that assessed lifetime experience of a variety of traumas, lifetime diagnosis of PTSD and 15 chronic medical conditions (e.g. pain conditions, cardiovascular disorders, etc.). Two major findings emerged: (1) there was a graded relationship between trauma exposure, PTSD,... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1521693 Sat, 14 Jun 2008 05:56:09 +0100 1521693 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1521692&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2021j4m280757088%2F The objective of this study was to assess the effect of clinical depression on pain self-management practices. We employed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Stepped Care for Affective disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain (SCAMP) study. Participants included 250 patients with pain and comorbid depression and 250 patients with pain only and were enrolled from urban university and VA primary care clinics. Musculoskeletal pain was defined as low back, hip or knee pain present ≥3 months and with at least a moderate, Brief Pain Inventory severity score ≥5. Depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. We used multiple logistic and Poisson regression to assess the relationship between individual and combined effects of depression and pain severity on two core pain... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1521692 Sat, 14 Jun 2008 05:56:09 +0100 1521692 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1521694&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw73185g860r46w11%2F This study examined two primary questions: (1) Is spiritual meditation more effective in enhancing pain tolerance and reducing migraine headache related symptoms than secular meditation and relaxation? and, (2) Does spiritual meditation create better mental, physical, and spiritual health outcomes than secular meditation and relaxation techniques? Eighty-three meditation naïve, frequent migraineurs were taught Spiritual Meditation, Internally Focused Secular Meditation, Externally Focused Secular Meditation, or Muscle Relaxation which participants practiced for 20 min a day for one month. Pre-post tests measured pain tolerance (with a cold pressor task), headache frequency, and mental and spiritual health variables. Compared to the other three groups, those who practiced spirit... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1521694 Fri, 13 Jun 2008 05:55:12 +0100 1521694 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1466727&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa6712749h1728714%2F We present one model of anger inhibition and pain that adopts elements of Wegner’s ironic process theory of thought suppression. Findings from this emerging research paradigm indicate that state anger suppression (suppression manipulated in the laboratory) may indeed affect sensitivity to subsequent painful stimuli, and we outline potentially productive avenues of future inquiry that build on this model. We conclude that although studies employing correlational designs and self-reports of trait anger-in have not upheld the claim that anger inhibition affects pain severity, evidence from studies using new models suggests that actually inhibiting anger expression during a provocative event may increase perceived pain at a later time. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-0... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1466727 Fri, 23 May 2008 05:53:20 +0100 1466727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1463251&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj014q46389k17503%2F Conclusions  These findings suggest that coping methods aimed at assuaging both the concomitant negative feelings and specific stressors, such as meeting with doctors and engaging in a new treatment regimen commonly associated with diabetes management, largely improve psychological health. However, these relations are dependent upon both the specific coping method used and the index of adjustment assessed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9155-6Authors Kate M. Duangdao, University of Nebraska Department of Psychology Lincoln NE USAScott C. Roesch, San Diego State University Department of Psychology, College of Sciences 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-4611 USA Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-77... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1463251 Wed, 21 May 2008 06:00:13 +0100 1463251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1450132&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fl8r0741x3032478m%2F Abstract  Observer underestimation of others’ pain was studied using a concept from evolutionary psychology: a cheater detection mechanism from social contract theory, applied to relatives and friends of chronic pain patients. 127 participants estimated characters’ pain intensity and fairness of behaviour after reading four vignettes describing characters suffering from pain. Four cues were systematically varied: the character continuing or stopping liked tasks; continuing or stopping disliked tasks; availability of medical evidence; and pain intensity as rated by characters. Results revealed that pain intensity and the two behavioural variables had an effect on pain estimates: high pain self-reports and stopping all tasks led to high pain estimates; pain was estimated ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1450132 Fri, 16 May 2008 06:09:53 +0100 1450132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1364542&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F275854262pmhgq46%2F The objective of this study was to determine the association between depression, anxiety and general stress symptoms with hospital readmissions after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Two hundred and twenty six coronary artery bypass graft patients completed baseline self-report measures of depression, anxiety and stress and 222 patients completed these measures after surgery on the hospital ward. The hospital readmission outcomes at six months were analyzed using multivariable proportional hazard models. When analyzed as continuous variables in multivariable analyses, preoperative anxiety and postoperative depression predicted readmissions independent of medical covariates. In multivariable analyses with dichotomized anxiety, depression and stress, more than two-fold increase in... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1364542 Wed, 09 Apr 2008 06:10:25 +0100 1364542 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1317430&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F5828175p0q0425u3%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of trait and state rumination on cardiovascular recovery following a negative emotional stressor. Cardiovascular data was collected from 64 undergraduate women during a 10-min baseline period, 5-min emotional recall stress task, and a 15-min recovery period. Trait rumination was assessed using the Stress Reactive Rumination Scale and state rumination was assessed 5 and 10 min after the stressor, using a thought-report technique. Results indicated that trait and state rumination interacted such that low trait ruminators who were ruminating at 10 min after the termination of the stressor had poorer diastolic blood pressure and high-frequency heart rate variability recovery compared to low trait rumina... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1317430 Wed, 19 Mar 2008 12:13:27 +0100 1317430 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1310734&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr0656333q3540773%2F Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9148-5 Journal Journal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1310734 Sun, 16 Mar 2008 05:43:38 +0100 1310734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1284482&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2727431126608861%2F Abstract  Based on prior research demonstrating benefits of emotional disclosure for chronically ill individuals and evidence that anger is particularly problematic in chronic pain sufferers, outpatients from a chronic pain center (N = 102) were randomly assigned to express their anger constructively or to write about their goals non-emotionally in a letter-writing format on two occasions. Letters were coded for degree of expressed anger and meaning-making (speculation and insight into conditions that precipitated anger). Over a 9 week period, participants in the anger-expression group (n = 51) experienced greater improvement in control over pain and depressed mood, and marginally greater improvement in pain severity than the control group (n =&n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1284482 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 07:57:40 +0100 1284482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1284483&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fh78q3474700747mg%2F Abstract  The present study examined the mediators of change accounting for outcomes of a previously published study on acceptance and commitment therapy for the self-management of epilepsy and its life restricting impact. Conducted with 27 poor South Africans, a 9-h ACT protocol that included seizure management methods was shown to greatly reduce epileptic seizures and to increase quality of life over the next year as compared to an attention placebo control. A series of bootstrapped non-parametric multiple mediator tests showed that pre to follow-up changes in: seizures, quality of life, and well-being outcomes were mediated to a degree by ACT process measures of epilepsy-related acceptance or defusion, values attainment, persistence in the face of barriers, or their comb... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1284483 Wed, 05 Mar 2008 07:57:38 +0100 1284483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1259516&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3w572242014423j1%2F The objective of the study was to determine if a significant association existed between substance use and risky sexual behaviors among middle school children. Data were collected in May 2002 using a questionnaire. A chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and tobacco use are strong predictors of risky sexual behaviors. These findings will be of use to health care practitioners and health educators seeking to reduce the risk of infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among the middle school children. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-008-9150-yAuthors Gemechu B. Gerbi, Tuskegee University Center for Computational Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Risk Analysis (CCEBRA), College of Veterin... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1259516 Fri, 22 Feb 2008 15:59:24 +0100 1259516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1163005&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw7201tr255307284%2F This article reviews recent literature in chronic illness or long-term health management including asthma, contraception, diabetes, HIV disease, and hypertension/cardiovascular disease, mental disorders, pain, and other diseases to determine the relationship between regimen factors and adherence to medications. The authors conducted an electronic literature search to detect articles published between 1998 and 2007. Articles were included if they pertained to a chronic illness or to contraception, included a clear definition of how adherence was measured, and included regimen factors as primary or secondary explanatory variables. Methodology of the studies varied greatly, as did methods of measuring adherence and regimen factors. Surprisingly few of these articles concerned (1) chroni... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1163005 Fri, 18 Jan 2008 16:15:24 +0100 1163005 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1155487&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fr1mg557721wj013w%2F Abstract  The present study examined whether parental problem drinking affected parenting (i.e., behavioral control, support, rule-setting, alcohol-specific behavioral control), and whether parental problem drinking and parenting affected subsequent adolescent alcohol use over time. A total of 428 families, consisting of both parents and two adolescents (mean age 13.4 and 15.2 years at Time 1) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with annual waves. A series of path analyses were conducted using a structural equation modeling program (Mplus). Results demonstrated that, unexpectedly, parental problem drinking was in general not associated with parenting. For the younger adolescents, higher levels of both parenting and parental problem drinking were related to ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1155487 Mon, 14 Jan 2008 23:23:16 +0100 1155487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1149381&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ff673757p2181647r%2F Abstract  Several models of tinnitus maintenance emphasize the importance of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological processes. These factors contribute to distress in patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms. We investigated whether tinnitus patients show increased physiological levels of arousal, more intense stress reactivity patterns and exaggerated psychological strain compared to healthy controls. Seventy tinnitus patients and 55 healthy controls underwent various stress tests. Muscular reactivity and peripheral arousal as well as strain ratings were assessed. Tinnitus patients reported significantly more strain during stress tests compared to healthy controls. Few physiological reactivity patterns differed significantly between the two groups. The physiolog... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1149381 Sat, 12 Jan 2008 16:29:40 +0100 1149381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1123158&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm5r2748024921358%2F Abstract  Depression is related to increased morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. One possibility is that depressive symptoms influence CHD pathogenesis by fostering endothelial dysfunction. To evaluate this possibility, we studied one hundred and two adolescent women with no known or suspected major health problems. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and endothelial function with a non-invasive beat-to-beat plethysmographic recording of the finger arterial pulse-wave amplitude (PWA) before and after occlusion of the brachial artery. Regression analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between depressive symptoms and endothelial function. This persisted after... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1123158 Sat, 29 Dec 2007 18:44:15 +0100 1123158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1123157&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd6858685gk767440%2F Abstract  Cognitive-behavioral interventions are the most extensively researched form of psychological treatment and are increasingly offered through the Internet. Internet-based interventions may save therapist time, reduce waiting-lists, cut traveling time, and reach populations with health problems who can not easily access other more traditional forms of treatments. We conducted a systematic review of twelve randomized controlled or comparative trials. Studies were identified through systematic searches in major bibliographical databases. Three studies focused on patients suffering from pain, three on headache, and six on other health problems. The effects found for Internet interventions targeting pain were comparable to the effects found for face-to-face treatments, a... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1123157 Sat, 29 Dec 2007 18:44:15 +0100 1123157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1117333&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fu26l458674136041%2F Abstract  Catastrophizing about pain is related to elevated pain severity and poor adjustment among chronic pain patients, but few physiological mechanisms by which pain catastrophizing maintains and exacerbates pain have been explored. We hypothesized that resting levels of lower paraspinal muscle tension and/or lower paraspinal and cardiovascular reactivity to emotional arousal may: (a) mediate links between pain catastrophizing and chronic pain intensity; (b) moderate these links such that only patients described by certain combinations of pain catastrophizing and physiological indexes would report pronounced chronic pain. Chronic low back pain patients (N = 97) participated in anger recall and sadness recall interviews while lower paraspinal and trapezius EMG a... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1117333 Tue, 25 Dec 2007 16:00:10 +0100 1117333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1115818&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa115lh0204467p58%2F This study examined the occurrence of benefit finding among HIV+ men and women and evaluated the potential relevance of benefit finding to positive health behavior and psychosocial adaptation. HIV+ participants (N = 221) recruited during outpatient care completed self-report assessments of benefit finding, social support, depression, HAART adherence, substance use, and physical activity. In a series of multivariate analyses that controlled for demographic and health status variables, benefit finding was associated with lower depression scores, greater social support, and more physical activity, but showed no association to HAART adherence or substance use. The association of benefit finding to depression was partially mediated by differences in social support. Thus, benefit ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1115818 Sun, 23 Dec 2007 18:54:35 +0100 1115818 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1114740&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fpk5t60up85027684%2F Abstract  Depression is a common problem among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous research has shown differences between MS patients and controls in the levels of certain fatty acids, and differences in many of these same fatty acids have also been reported in psychiatric patients with major depression. The current study sought to determine whether fatty acid levels in MS patients might be associated with depression. Fatty acids were measured in red blood cells (RBCs) for 38 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 33 healthy controls who also completed 3-day dietary records and depression questionnaires. Levels of certain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were lower and levels of certain monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were higher in the MS patients. T... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1114740 Sat, 22 Dec 2007 17:35:11 +0100 1114740 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1113785&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy6m04j5281w84k35%2F Abstract  A diverse body of literature suggests that social contacts have direct regulatory influences on biological rhythms such as the diurnal cortisol decline. Although our previous prospective research has found a link between social contacts and cortisol secretion, a manipulation of social contacts is necessary to definitively evaluate causality. The current study involved a laboratory-based manipulation of daily social contacts. Fifty-three females experienced both high and low social contact conditions in the lab while collecting ambulatory data on their social contact and cortisol levels. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling, such that cortisol production on high social contact days was compared within person to cortisol production on low social con... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1113785 Fri, 21 Dec 2007 16:10:10 +0100 1113785 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1111247&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F1320354j36187rk3%2F Abstract  PTSD is a risk factor for alcohol problems and both in turn have been independently associated with increased health problems. However, it is unclear whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between PTSD and health. Participants were battered women (N = 336) recruited from local domestic violence shelters and non-shelter victim-assistance agencies. A 2 (PTSD diagnosis) × 3 (abstainer, infrequent/light, regular/heavy drinking) ANCOVA was conducted, with injuries and length of abuse as covariates and health concerns as the dependent variable. Main effects for PTSD and alcohol use were significant but not the interaction. Women with PTSD reported the greatest number of health concerns. Women who abstained from drinking and those who drank re... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1111247 Thu, 20 Dec 2007 16:27:00 +0100 1111247 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1026730&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F22501k164j261g72%2F Abstract  Over-the-counter vitamins have become increasingly popular as a natural remedy for reducing or preventing depression symptoms and enhancing the emotional well-being of healthy individuals in the general population. This placebo-controlled, single-blind trial evaluated the effect of vitamins on depression symptoms experienced by a nonclinical sample of participants. One hundred and fourteen healthy young adults were randomly assigned to multivitamin, B-complex vitamin, placebo vitamin, or no-treatment control conditions. At the end of a 6-week regimen, participants administered vitamins reported significant reductions in depression symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory compared to those who received no treatment. There was no difference between the ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1026730 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 16:16:32 +0100 1026730 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1026729&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj1k627684727h7h0%2F In this study, we examined alcohol and drug use, smoking, sexual behavior, eating, physical activity, and sleeping in 1,595 college students (n = 265 Greek members, n = 1,330 non-Greek members). Results show Greek members engaged in more risky health behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, cigarette smoking, sexual partners, and sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs) than non-Greek members. Greek and non-Greek members did not differ in condom use, unprotected sex, eating, and physical activity behaviors. Implications for prevention and intervention strategies among Greek members are discussed. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10865-007-9136-1Authors Lori A. J. Scott-Sheldon, Syracuse University Center for Health and Behavior 430 Huntington Hall Syracuse NY ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1026729 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 16:16:32 +0100 1026729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1026728&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa1833586683806m1%2F Abstract  A cardiopulmonary baroreflex mechanism may be implicated in hypertensive hypoalgesia. Previous research in animals and humans has noted that manipulations that stimulate the vagus nerve are associated with predominantly anti-nociceptive effects. This study examined the effects of cardiopulmonary baroreceptor stimulation on venipuncture and intraveneous catherization pain during euvolemic and hypervolemic conditions while participants lay supine. In the euvolemic condition, participants maintained their normal diet whereas in the hypervolemic condition, they consumed additional water containing sodium citrate. As expected, blood volume was higher (P < .05) during the hypervolemic condition than the hypovolemic condition. Pain ratings were higher (P&nbsp... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1026728 Tue, 13 Nov 2007 16:16:32 +0100 1026728 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=991377&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F7h6n515311w87244%2F We examined self-efficacy specific to changing eating behaviors in the PREFER trial, an 18-month behavioral weight-loss study, to determine if self-efficacy and dietary adherence were associated with weight change, and what impact self-efficacy had on weight change after controlling for adherence. Measurements included the weight efficacy lifestyle (WEL) questionnaire, body weight, self-reported fat gram intake, kilocalorie intake, and adherence to kilocalorie and fat gram goals at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. The sample (N = 170) was 88.2% female and 70.0% Caucasian; the mean age was 44.1 years (SD = 8.8). Mean weight loss at 18 months was 4.64% (SD = 6.24) of baseline body weight and the mean increase in self-efficacy was 11.70% (SD&n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=991377 Fri, 26 Oct 2007 14:32:37 +0100 991377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=961355&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fw40703212w00wm82%2F This study tested for alpha-2 adrenergic mediation of the inverse relationship between resting blood pressure and acute pain sensitivity in healthy individuals. It also replicated limited prior work suggesting this inverse blood pressure/pain association is altered in chronic pain, and provided the first test of whether chronic pain-related changes in alpha-2 adrenergic function contribute to these alterations. Resting blood pressure was assessed in 32 healthy controls and 24 chronic low back pain participants prior to receiving placebo or an intravenous alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (yohimbine hydrochloride, 0.4 mg/kg) in a randomized crossover design. Participants experienced three acute pain tasks during both sessions. A significant Systolic Blood Pressure �&n... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=961355 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 16:09:16 +0100 961355 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=961354&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm068732v54051227%2F Abstract  We investigated the associations of anger and cynicism with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and whether these associations were moderated by childhood or adulthood socioeconomic status (SES). The participants were 647 men and 893 women derived from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Childhood SES was measured in 1980 when the participants were aged 3–18. In 2001, adulthood SES, anger, cynicism, and IMT were measured. There were no associations between anger or cynicism and IMT in the entire population, but anger was associated with thicker IMT in participants who had experienced low SES in childhood. This association persisted after adjustment for a host of cardiovascular risk factors. It is concluded that the ill health-e... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=961354 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 16:09:16 +0100 961354 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=961353&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F6p2m3488t23h2514%2F In this study, homeless youth (n = 180) were recruited from a drop-in center and randomly assigned to one of two conditions, either an integrated individual cognitive-behavioral treatment and HIV prevention intervention that focused on skills building and education or to treatment as usual. All youth were assessed at entry into the program and at 3 and 6 month follow-up points. Findings showed an interaction between treatment condition, age and time. In the interaction, youth assigned to the integrated treatment reported greater condom usage than youth assigned to treatment as usual, with younger youth assigned to treatment as usual showing no change in condom use. The number of sexual partners reported by youth in both treatment conditions was also reduced over time. H... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=961353 Wed, 17 Oct 2007 16:09:16 +0100 961353 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=930234&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq5330n2317072355%2F Abstract  An unhealthy lifestyle, including excess caloric intake, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, increases one’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the exact mechanisms by which these behaviors influence the development and progression of CVD have yet to be determined. Endothelial function (EF) has been shown to be a potent predictor of CVD, yet the effects of health behaviors on EF are not clear. The literature assessing the role of four health behaviors, obesity (a proxy of excess caloric intake), smoking, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, on the development of endothelial dysfunction is reviewed. Potential mechanisms through which these behaviors may influence EF are discussed. Smoking, being overweight... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=930234 Sat, 29 Sep 2007 17:33:08 +0100 930234 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=910923&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fn26838t52m727u13%2F Abstract  Relationships were investigated between home practice of mindfulness meditation exercises and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms, perceived stress, and psychological well-being in a sample of 174 adults in a clinical Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program. This is an 8- session group program for individuals dealing with stress-related problems, illness, anxiety, and chronic pain. Participants completed measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, symptoms, and well-being at pre- and post-MBSR, and monitored their home practice time throughout the intervention. Results showed increases in mindfulness and well-being, and decreases in stress and symptoms, from pre- to post-MBSR. Time spent engaging in home practice of formal meditation... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=910923 Thu, 27 Sep 2007 15:51:32 +0100 910923 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=890721&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fq70g24147j3118u0%2F Abstract  Marriage reduces risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but marital stress increases risk, perhaps through cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). However, previous studies have lacked controls necessary to conclude definitively that negative marital interactions evoke heightened CVR. To test the specific effects of marital stress on CVR, 114 couples engaged in positive, neutral, or negative interactions in which speaking and task involvement were controlled. Compared to positive and neutral conditions, negative discussions evoked larger increases in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output, and larger decreases in peripheral resistance and pre-ejection period—similarly for men and women. Hence, CVR could contribute to the effects of marital difficulties o... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=890721 Thu, 20 Sep 2007 15:47:59 +0100 890721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=827400&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj61r027611057054%2F We examined message framing as one factor that might impact subsequent decision making. In addition, we examined personality and coping style as predictors and moderators of patients’ reactions to an informational intervention. As hypothesized, participants initially underestimated CPR complications and overestimated survival rates. The intervention significantly increased concern, improved knowledge, and decreased preference for CPR, particularly for participants receiving both numerical and descriptive information. Message framing of survival data did not uniquely affect CPR preference. Higher optimism predicted less increase in concern about CPR, and higher hope predicted greater decrease in preference for CPR. More approach coping related to increased concern about CPR and decr... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=827400 Tue, 28 Aug 2007 15:03:15 +0100 827400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=827398&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fapj82267m14v5646%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to use ecological momentary assessment to investigate the patterning of physical activity and sedentary behaviours in UK adolescents and to examine if different lifestyle groups differ on key explanatory variables. A total of 1,371 (38% boys, mean age 14.7 years) adolescents completed diaries every 15 min for 3 weekdays outside of school hours and 1 weekend day. Cluster analysis yielded five-cluster solutions for both boys and girls to explain the grouping of sedentary behaviours and physical activity. The clusters demonstrated that adolescents engage in many leisure time behaviours but have one activity that predominates. Active adolescents spend more time outside and more time with their friends. Few demographic ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=827398 Tue, 28 Aug 2007 15:03:15 +0100 827398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=827399&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2770232408371540%2F We report two experimental studies that examine the hypothesis that anger suppression paradoxically increases cognitive accessibility of anger, in turn coloring perceptions of succeeding pain in an anger-congruent fashion. The results of two experimental studies largely confirmed these predictions. Study 1 revealed that participants instructed to suppress emotions during anger-provocation experienced greater cold-pressor pain than those in the control condition. This difference was confined to perception of anger-specific qualities of pain. Study 2 replicated key findings of Study 1, but also provided partial evidence for increased cognitive accessibility of anger tied to anger suppression through self-report and modified dot-probe methodologies. Implications and limitations of these... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=827399 Tue, 28 Aug 2007 15:03:14 +0100 827399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=802060&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F8788445878u07328%2F We describe social control experienced by 109 adults aged 18–35 with Type 1 diabetes, and examine the influence of different types of social control on behavioral and psychological outcomes. Using a self-administered questionnaire, telephone interview, and chart review, we assessed individuals’ social control experiences, behavioral and psychological reactions, psychological adjustment, metabolic control, socio-demographics, and clinical factors at baseline, and psychological adjustment and metabolic control at 6-months follow-up. Most participants (85%) reported experiencing social control. Regression analyses revealed that more frequent negative control predicted less behavior change and more negative cognitive reactions concurrently, and decreases in psychological adjustment ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=802060 Wed, 15 Aug 2007 06:42:56 +0100 802060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=793342&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F96l5027v7q28x050%2F Abstract  Beliefs that HIV treatments reduce HIV transmission risks are related to increases in sexual risk behaviors, particularly unprotected anal intercourse among men who have sex with men (MSM). Changes in unprotected anal intercourse and prevention-related treatment beliefs were recently reported for surveys of mostly white gay men collected in 1997 and 2005. The current study extends this previous research by replicating the observed changes in behaviors and beliefs in anonymous community surveys collected in 2006. Results indicated clear and consistent increases in beliefs that HIV treatments reduce HIV transmission risks and increases in unprotected anal intercourse. These changes were observed for both HIV positive and non-HIV positive men. African American men en... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=793342 Fri, 10 Aug 2007 07:12:20 +0100 793342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=778235&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F3421j362014726h2%2F This study developed brief measures with good psychometric properties for an emerging behavior change domain in a new population. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=778235 Fri, 03 Aug 2007 07:48:50 +0100 778235 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=765611&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Ft62578342hw05636%2F Abstract  Repression is associated in the literature with terms such as non-expression, emotional control, rationality, anti-emotionality, defensiveness and restraint. Whether these terms are synonymous with repression, indicate a variation, or are essentially different from repression is uncertain. To clarify this obscured view on repression, this paper indicates the similarities and differences between these concepts. Repression is the general term that is used to describe the tendency to inhibit the experience and the expression of negative feelings or unpleasant cognitions in order to prevent one’s positive self-image from being threatened (‘repressive coping style’). The terms self-deception versus other-deception, and socially related versus personally related r... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=765611 Thu, 26 Jul 2007 18:35:00 +0100 765611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=761243&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fgv403158702j8562%2F Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=761243 Wed, 25 Jul 2007 06:54:19 +0100 761243 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=724426&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fag16816225n55770%2F Abstract  This longitudinal study examined exercise behavior patterns (i.e., maintainers, irregular, and inactive) in cardiac patients, and investigated the sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and environmental correlates of exercise patterns. A total of 661 cardiac in-patients from three hospitals consented to participate (75% response rate) and were re-assessed 9 and 18 (81% retention) months post-discharge. Exercise patterns were assessed via the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II subscale using a median split. Of 417 participants (mean age 63.1  10.2) with complete data, 42.2% were classified as Exercise Maintainers, 21.3% as Irregular Exercisers, and 26.1% as Inactive. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that Exercise Maintainers were more likel... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=724426 Sat, 07 Jul 2007 10:19:51 +0100 724426 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=706358&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F612rgjv553281347%2F Abstract  Despite the particularly detrimental health risks of smoking for adolescent with asthma, several studies demonstrated higher smoking rates among asthmatic adolescents than among healthy adolescents. To gain insight into underlying mechanisms, longitudinal studies on differences in smoking predictors between asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents are essential. This longitudinal study with two waves with an 18 months interval tests the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among 346 asthmatic adolescents and 3,733 non-asthmatic adolescents aged 12–16 years. Structural equation models were used to test the predictive value of the TPB in these two groups. The results show, consistent with the TPB, that smoking-related cognitions (attitude, perceived behaviora... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=706358 Fri, 29 Jun 2007 08:30:29 +0100 706358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=692836&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fm225v594136317pt%2F Abstract  Adherence to HIV treatment, including adherence to antiretroviral (ART) medication regimens, is paramount in the management of HIV. Self-efficacy for treatment adherence has been identified as an important correlate of medication adherence in the treatment of HIV and other medical conditions. This paper describes the validation of the HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (HIV-ASES) with two samples of HIV+ adults on ART. Factor analyses support subscales measuring Adherence Integration (eigenvalue = 6.12) and Adherence Perseverance (eigenvalue = 1.16), accounting for 61% of the variance in scale items. The HIV-ASES demonstrates robust internal consistency (ρs > .90) and 3-month (rs > .70) and 15-month (rs &... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=692836 Sat, 23 Jun 2007 07:03:44 +0100 692836 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=670823&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F465q40487140u3kl%2F This study examined the associations between smoking and demographic, medical, substance use, and psychosocial factors in a clinic-based sample of HIV+ men and women. Two hundred twelve participants completed self-report measures of tobacco use, HIV-related symptoms, viral load, CD4, alcohol and illicit drug use, depression, and social support. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analyses modeled the independent associations of the cross-sectional set of predictors with smoking status. Results indicated that 74% of the sample smoked at least one cigarette per day; using standard definitions, 23% of the sample were light smokers, 22% were moderate smokers, and 29% smoked heavily. Smoking was associated with more HIV-related symptoms, greater alcohol and marijuana use, and less socia... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=670823 Fri, 15 Jun 2007 06:56:22 +0100 670823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=670824&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F4v5l122316737685%2F Abstract  During the last two decades of the 20th century, psychological science rediscovered religiosity/spirituality (R/S) as a legitimate subject matter in understanding the human experience. In large measure, this renewed interest was motivated by the positive association between this variable and health (physical and mental) reported in much of the literature. If the described relationship between R/S and health is accurate, the question of how such an influence might be realized becomes important and subject to empirical investigation. The present paper develops a rationale for why such an outcome might be expected and describes various physiological mechanisms that could mediate the effect of R/S on health. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavio... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=670824 Wed, 06 Jun 2007 14:41:29 +0100 670824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=654043&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fv404877m8835ht80%2F This article introduces the special section on Religiosity/Spirituality and Behavioral Medicine. After brief comments on the increase in interest in this topic and related definition concerns, each of the five articles that comprise the special section is presented. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=654043 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 13:49:51 +0100 654043 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=654042&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Flkr52k7642708731%2F This article will explore the relationship between the experience of pain and religion/spirituality with the aim of understanding not only why some people rely on their faith to cope with pain, but also how religion/spirituality may impact the experience of pain and help or hinder the coping process. We will also identify future research priorities that may provide fruitful research in illuminating the relationship between religion/spirituality and pain. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=654042 Fri, 01 Jun 2007 13:49:49 +0100 654042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=636027&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fj16151t6631u2x61%2F Abstract  Patients with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus need to self-manage their condition for optimal outcomes. The degree to which patients with diabetes feel competent or self-efficacious in managing their diabetes has been related to behaviors such as dieting or exercise as well as to indicators of glycemic control. A diabetes-specific adaptation of the Perceived Medical-Condition Self-Management Scale was administered to 398 patients with either type 1 (n = 57) or type 2 (n = 341) diabetes. Cronbach’s alpha of the 8-item Perceived Diabetes Self-Management Scale (PDSMS) was .83 indicating internal consistency. PDSMS scores were uncorrelated with age, years since diagnosis, and years of schooling, but were negatively correlated ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=636027 Thu, 24 May 2007 08:10:09 +0100 636027 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=636028&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fa10l2p2552j3720j%2F This study examined the impact of fear control and danger control messages on intentions to perform health behaviors. It was hypothesized that persons high in masculinity would be more influenced by messages that address fear than messages that exclusively focus on the efficacy of the behavior (danger control). To test this proposition, 172 participants were classified into high and low masculinity groups according to their scores on the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and randomly assigned fear reducing or danger control messages either encouraging detection behavior (skin cancer self-examination) or promotion behavior (sunscreen usage). Highly masculine participants demonstrated greater behavioral intentions and more positive attitudes about the behavior when exposed to a fear-reducing mes... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=636028 Thu, 24 May 2007 08:10:02 +0100 636028 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=636030&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2F2r82431u17718k7q%2F Abstract  The existence of links between religion and spirituality (R/S) and health appear to be firmly established, but much less is known about how these various aspects of R/S are translated into health outcomes. Within a meaning systems framework, this article reviews and integrates findings regarding the many pathways through which R/S may influence physical health and well-being. In particular, evidence for the pathways of body sanctification, meaning in life, social support, health locus of control, health behaviors, positive and negative affect and stress moderation, treatment adherence, and coping is examined. The article concludes with suggestions for future research. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Prin... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=636030 Thu, 24 May 2007 08:09:54 +0100 636030 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=636029&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Frq714775948363h5%2F This study examined the sole and combined effects of problem-focused coping and distraction on employee well-being (i.e., stress responses and job performance) using two-wave panel survey data with a 1-year time lag. Participants were 488 male employees, who worked for a construction machinery company in western Japan. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether distraction moderates the relationship of problem-focused coping with well-being. More use of problem-focused coping was negatively related to subsequent stress responses among those high in distraction. The combination of high problem-focused coping and high distraction was positively related to subsequent job performance, although it was limited only to the high job stress situation. Results ... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=636029 Thu, 24 May 2007 08:09:46 +0100 636029 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=622042&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fd15x7n4qj34x5621%2F Conclusion  Results from this review indicate that, although some associations between SES and health behaviors exist during adolescence, the associations are not as robust as those in adulthood. Efforts to curb poor diet, inactivity, and smoking behaviors should target low SES adolescents, whereas efforts to curb teen drinking and marijuana use may be useful across the SES spectrum. Content TypeJournal Article JournalJournal of Behavioral MedicineOnline ISSN 1573-3521Print ISSN 0160-7715 (Source: Journal of Behavioral Medicine) Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=622042 Sat, 19 May 2007 07:48:52 +0100 622042 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=619579&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy2542058505065gw%2F Abstract  The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among self-blame for developing breast cancer, a self-forgiving attitude, mood, and quality of life among women with breast cancer. In this cross-sectional study, 123 women with Stages 0–III breast cancer completed questionnaires measuring demographic and medical characteristics, self-blame, self-forgiveness, mood, and quality of life. Women who blamed themselves reported more mood disturbance (p ≤ .001) and poorer quality of life (p < .001) than those who did not blame themselves. Mediational analyses revealed that self-blame for cancer partially mediated the relationships between a self-forgiving attitude and both mood disturbance and quality of life (Z = −2.72, p =&... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=619579 Wed, 16 May 2007 17:00:20 +0100 619579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=603840&cid=s_33340_172_f&fid=33340&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fql345l2h434666l5%2F This article reviews the empirical research on prayer and health and offers a research agenda to guide future studies. Though many people practice prayer and believe it affects their health, scientific evidence is limited. In keeping with a general increase in interest in spirituality and complementary and alternative treatments, prayer has garnered attention among a growing number of behavioral scientists. The effects of distant intercessory prayer are examined by meta-analysis and it is concluded that no discernable effects can be found. The literature regarding frequency of prayer, content of prayer, and prayer as a coping strategy is subsequently reviewed. Suggestions for future research include the conduct of experimental studies based on conceptual models that include precise o... Journal of Behavioral Medicine journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=603840 Fri, 04 May 2007 09:02:14 +0100 603840