MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Biology' source. Mon, 07 Jun 2010 16:13:32 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3453089&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F3%2F16 A recent paper in BMC Biology reports that actin stress fibers in adjacent cultured endothelial cells are linked through adherens junctions. This organization might provide a super-cellular network that could enable coordinated signaling and structural responses in endothelia.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/11 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3453089 Wed, 07 Apr 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3453089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3428398&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F3%2F19 An international collaborative effort has recently uncovered the genome of the zebra finch, a songbird model that has provided unique insights into an array of biological phenomena.See research articles http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/131, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/220/, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/11/46/ and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/28/ (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3428398 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3428398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3428397&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F3%2F20 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of numerous target genes. Yet, while hundreds of miRNAs have been identified, little is known about their functions. In a recent report published in Silence, Zheng and colleagues demonstrate a technique for robust and specific knockdown of miRNA expression in Caenorhabditis elegans using modified antisense oligonucleotides, which could be utilized as a powerful tool for the study of regulation and function of miRNAs in vivo.See research article http://www.silencejournal.com/content/1/1/9 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3428397 Wed, 31 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3428397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3419917&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F3%2F18 Pollen tubes follow attractants secreted by the ovules. In a recent paper in BMC Plant Biology, Stewman and colleagues have quantified the parameters of this attraction and used them to calibrate a mathematical model that reproduces the process and enables predictions on the nature of the female attractant and the mechanisms of the male response.See research article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/10/32 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3419917 Sun, 28 Mar 2010 23:00:00 +0100 3419917 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3353735&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F3%2F17 A recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology has reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of a large Mediterranean cave-dwelling beetle clade, revealing an ancient origin and strong geographic structuring. It seems likely that diversification of this clade in the Oligocene was seeded by an ancestor already adapted to subterranean life.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/29 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3353735 Thu, 11 Mar 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3353735 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301518&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F10 A phylogeographic analysis of gene sequences important in determining body size in dogs, recently published in BMC Biology, traces the appearance of small body size to the Neolithic Middle East. This finding strengthens the association of this event with the development of sedentary societies, and perhaps even has implications for the inception of human social inequality.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/16/ (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301518 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301518 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3301517&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F11 Two recent studies in BMC Biology and Evolution raise important questions about a textbook case of frequency-dependent selection in scale-eating cichlid fishes. They also suggest a fascinating new line of research testing the effects of handed behavior on morphological asymmetry.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/8. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3301517 Wed, 24 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3301517 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3287191&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F12 Understanding the spatio-temporal subversion of host cell signaling by bacterial virulence factors is key to combating infectious diseases. Following a recent study by Buntru and co-workers published in BMC Biology, we review how fluorescence (Forster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been applied to studying host-pathogen interactions and consider the prospects for its future application.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/81. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3287191 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3287191 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3279416&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F13 A recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology has shown that genetically similar individual ring-tailed lemurs are also more similar in their scent composition, suggesting a possible mechanism of kin recognition. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal challenges ahead in achieving a true systems-level understanding of this process and its outcomes.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/281. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3279416 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3279416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3279418&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F14 Acoel and platyhelminth worms are particularly attractive invertebrate models for stem-cell research because their bodies are continually renewed from large pools of somatic stem cells. Several recent studies, including one in BMC Developmental Biology, are beginning to reveal the cellular dynamics and molecular basis of stem-cell function in these animals.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/9/69. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3279418 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3279418 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3279417&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F15 There have been notable advances in the scientific understanding of regeneration within the past year alone, including two recently published in BMC Biology. Increasingly, progress in the regeneration field is being inspired by comparisons with stem cell biology and enabled by newly developed techniques that allow simultaneous examination of thousands of genes and proteins.See research articles http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/83 and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/5. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3279417 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3279417 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3266393&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F1 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3266393 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3266393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3262213&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: The growth-promoting potential of long TSC22DF proteins is evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, we provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a growth-regulating complex involving the long TSC22DF protein BunA and the adapter molecule Madm.See minireview at http://jbiol.com/content/9/1/8. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3262213 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3262213 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3262212&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F8 By combining Drosophila genetics and proteomics Gluderer et al. report in this issue of Journal of Biology the isolation of a novel growth-regulatory complex consisting of Bunched and Madm. Future study of this complex will address the precise mechanism of growth control, regulation of complex activity, the interface with other growth pathways and a potential role in human cancer.See research article at http://jbiol.com/content/9/1/9. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3262212 Thu, 11 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3262212 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3258276&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F7 The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a favorite model for the study of aging. A wealth of genetic and genomic studies show that metabolic regulation is a hallmark of life-span modulation. A recent study in BMC Biology identifying metabolic signatures for longevity suggests that amino-acid pools may be important in longevity.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/14. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3258276 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3258276 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3219874&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F6 The THO complex is a key component in the co-transcriptional formation of messenger ribonucleoparticles that are competent to be exported from the nucleus, yet its precise function is unknown. A recent study in BMC Biology on the role of the THOC5 subunit in cell physiology and mouse development provides new clues to the role of the THO complex in cell differentiation.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/1. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3219874 Thu, 28 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3219874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193111&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F2 Delineation of the mechanisms that establish and maintain the polarity of epithelial tissues is essential to understanding morphogenesis, tissue specificity and cancer. Three-dimensional culture assays provide a useful platform for dissecting these processes but, as discussed in a recent study in BMC Biology on the culture of mammary gland epithelial cells, multiple parameters that influence the model must be taken into account.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/77. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193111 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3193111 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3193110&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F9%2F1%2F3 How much functional specialization can one component histone confer on a single nucleosome? The histone variant H2A.Z seems to be an extreme example. Genome-wide distribution maps show non-random (and evolutionarily conserved) patterns, with localized enrichment or depletion giving a tantalizing suggestion of function. Multiple post-translational modifications on the protein indicate further regulation. An additional layer of complexity has now been uncovered: the vertebrate form is actually encoded by two non-allelic genes that differ by expression pattern and three amino acids.See research articles http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/86 and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/31. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3193110 Thu, 21 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3193110 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3133190&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F102 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3133190 Thu, 31 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3133190 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3128732&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F107 A major challenge in bacterial pathogenesis is understanding the molecular basis of the switch from saprophytism to virulence. Following a recent whole-genome transcriptomic analysis using tiling arrays, an article published in BMC Genomics reports the first use of RNA-seq in Listeria monocytogenes in order to identify genes controlled by sigma B, a transcriptional regulator with a critical role in virulence.See research article http://biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/641 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3128732 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3128732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3128731&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F106 A recent paper in BMC Biology reports the first large-scale insertional mutagenesis screen in a non-drosophilid insect, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. This screen marks the beginning of a non-biased, 'forward genetics' approach to the study of genetic mechanisms operating in Tribolium.See research article http://biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/73 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3128731 Wed, 30 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3128731 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3126321&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F104 Although proteins involved in determining apical-basal cell polarity have been directly linked to tumorigenesis, their precise roles in this process remain unclear. A recent report in BMC Biology clarifies the signaling pathways that control cell polarity, proliferation and apoptosis downstream of the tumor suppressor and apical-basal polarity determinant Scribble.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/62. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3126321 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3126321 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3126320&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F103 Zallen and colleagues explain in Q&A format the complex process by which the cells of a tissue establish planar polarity, in which their spatial properties are coordinated, and how failures may be reflected in human developmental defects. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3126320 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3126320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3126319&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F12%2F105 The use of cultivation-independent approaches to map microbial diversity, including recent work published in BMC Biology, has now shown that protists, like bacteria/archaea, are much more diverse than had been realized. Uncovering eukaryotic diversity may now be limited not by access to samples or cost but rather by the availability of full-length reference sequence data.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/72 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3126319 Tue, 29 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3126319 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3118380&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F96 The role of genomic sequence in directing the packaging of eukaryotic genomes into chromatin has been the subject of considerable recent debate. A new paper from Tillo and Hughes shows that the intrinsic thermodynamic preference of a given sequence in the yeast genome for the histone octamer can largely be captured with a simple model, and in fact is mostly explained by %GC. Thus, the rules for predicting nucleosome occupancy from genomic sequence are much less complicated than has been claimed.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/10/442 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3118380 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3118380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3118379&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F99 Human monocytes can be divided into subsets according to their expression or lack of the cell-surface antigen CD16. In papers published recently in the Journal of Proteome Research and in BMC Genomics, two groups publish independent transcriptome analyses of CD16+ and CD16-monocytes, with revealing results.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/403 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3118379 Wed, 23 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3118379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3114479&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F101 Zebrafish are a powerful system for studying the early embryonic events that form the skull and face, as a model for human craniofacial birth defects such as cleft palate. Signaling pathways that pattern the pharyngeal arches (which contain skeletal precursors of the palate, as well as jaws and gills) are discussed in light of a recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology on requirements for Hedgehog signaling in craniofacial development.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/9/59 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3114479 Tue, 22 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3114479 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088684&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F95 Evolutionary changes in gene expression are a main driver of phenotypic evolution. In yeast, genes that have rapidly diverged in expression are associated with particular promoter features, including the presence of a TATA box, a nucleosome-covered promoter and unstable tracts of tandem repeats. Here, we discuss how these promoter properties may confer an inherent capacity for flexibility of expression. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088684 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3088684 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3088683&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F100 The regulation of gene expression in trypanosomes is unique. In the absence of transcriptional control at the level of initiation, a subset of Trypanosoma brucei genes form post-transcriptional regulons in which mRNAs are co-regulated in response to differentiation signals.See research articles http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/427, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/482 and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/495. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3088683 Mon, 14 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3088683 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3051612&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F11%2F98 Bioinformatics-based searches for correlations between subcellular localization and pI or charge distribution of proteins have failed to detect meaningful correlations. Recent work published in BMC Biology finds that a physicochemical metric of charge distribution correlates better with subcellular pH than does pI.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/69 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3051612 Wed, 02 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3051612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3043938&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=%24%7Bitem.link%7D The complexity of the core promoter transcription machinery has emerged as an additional level of transcription regulation that is used during vertebrate development. Recent studies, including one published in BMC Biology, provide mechanistic insights into how the TATA binding protein (TBP) and its vertebrate-specific paralog TBP2 (TRF3) switch function during the transition from the oocyte to the embryo.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/45 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3043938 Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3043938 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035797&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F87 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035797 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035797 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035796&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F91 Detailed analysis of T cell dynamics in humans is challenging and mouse models can be important tools for characterizing T cell dynamic processes. In a paper just published in Journal of Biology, Marques et al. suggest that a mouse model with its activated CD4+ T cells are deleted has relevance for HIV infection.See research article http://jbiol.com/content/8/10/93 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035796 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035796 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3035795&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F93 Conclusions: Although neither ablation of activated CD4+ T cells nor disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity in mice fully reproduces every aspect of HIV-associated immune dysfunction in humans, ablation of activated CD4+ T cells, but not disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity, approximates the two key immune alterations in HIV infection: CD4+ T cell immune deficiency and generalized immune activation. We therefore propose activated CD4+ T cell killing as a common etiology for both immune deficiency and activation in HIV infection.See minireview http://www.jbiol.com/content/8/10/91 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3035795 Fri, 27 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3035795 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3011729&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F89 Expressed sequence tag analyses of the annelid Pomatoceros lamarckii, recently published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, are consistent with less extensive gene loss in the Lophotrochozoa than in the Ecdysozoa, but it would be premature to generalize about patterns of gene loss on the basis of the limited data available.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/240. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3011729 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3011729 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2998994&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F88 The concept of checkpoint controls revolutionized our understanding of the cell cycle. Here we revisit the defining features of checkpoints and argue that failure to properly appreciate the concept is leading to misinterpretation of experimental results. We illustrate, using the mitotic checkpoint, problems that can arise from a failure to respect strict definitions and precise terminology. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2998994 Mon, 16 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2998994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2966576&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F90 CYCLOIDEA (CYC)-like TCP genes are critical for flower developmental patterning. Exciting recent breakthroughs, including a study by Song et al. published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, demonstrate that CYC-like genes have also had an important role in the evolution of flower form.See research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/244. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2966576 Fri, 06 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2966576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2938659&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F10%2F92 The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a ubiquitin-protein ligase required for the completion of mitosis in all eukaryotes. Recent mechanistic studies reveal how this remarkable enzyme combines specificity in substrate binding with flexibility in ubiquitin transfer, thereby allowing the modification of multiple lysines on the substrate as well as specific lysines on ubiquitin itself. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2938659 Mon, 26 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2938659 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922987&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F83 Transposable elements (TEs) have contributed a wide range of functional sequences to their host genomes. A recent paper in BMC Molecular Biology discusses the creation of new transcripts by transposable element insertion upstream of retrocopies and the involvement of such insertions in tissue-specific post-transcriptional regulation. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922987 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2922987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2922986&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F85 As the tumor vasculature is a key element of the tumor stroma, angiogenesis is the target of many cancer therapies. Recent work published in BMC Cell Biology describes a fusion protein that combines a peptide previously shown to home in on the gastric cancer vasculature with the anti-tumor cytokine TNF-α, and assesses its potential for gastric cancer therapy. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2922986 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2922986 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898165&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F79 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898165 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2898165 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2898164&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F81 Signaling complexes typically consist of highly dynamic molecular ensembles that are challenging to study and to describe accurately. Conventional mechanical descriptions misrepresent this reality and can be actively counterproductive by misdirecting us away from investigating critical issues. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2898164 Thu, 15 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2898164 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2889881&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F80 Small molecules that stabilize mutant proteins with high specificity can be used to treat protein misfolding and metabolic diseases: in a Q&A highlighting recent successes, Dagmar Ringe and Gregory Petsko explain how. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2889881 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2889881 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2889880&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F82 Both selective and random processes can affect the outcome of natural hybridization. A recent analysis in BMC Evolutionary Biology of natural hybridization between an introduced and a native salamander reveals the mosaic nature of introgression, which is probably caused by a combination of selection and demography. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2889880 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2889880 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2889879&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F84 Recently in BMC Medical Genomics, Tozeren and colleagues have uncovered virus-host interactions by searching for conserved peptide motifs in HIV and human proteins. Their computational model provides a novel perspective in the interpretation of high-throughput data on the HIV-host interactome. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2889879 Mon, 12 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2889879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2865133&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F9%2F86 Anionic lipids affect the function of many channels, including connexins, as shown in a recent report in BMC Biology. These effects might follow from direct binding of the anionic lipids to the channels. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2865133 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2865133 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2854982&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F68 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2854982 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2854982 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838598&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F77 Data recently published in BMC Biology provide insights into the normal physiological function of c-myc in the development and regeneration of the mammary gland and indicate a key role in epithelial cell proliferation, elaboration of ductal alveoli, and the biosynthetic capacity and milk production of the mature organ.See related research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/63 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838598 Sun, 27 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838598 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2831500&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F78 A recent report in BMC Cell Biology examines how the balance of extracellular forces and intracellular contractions regulate the shape changes required for oligodendrocyte myelination. A failure of remyelination such as seen in multiple sclerosis could be caused by loss of this balance.See related research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2121/10/71 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2831500 Thu, 24 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2831500 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2818987&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F76 A fundamental goal of developmental biology is to define the molecular mechanisms that control cell behavior during morphogenesis. A recent study in BMC Biology combines gene expression profiling, bioinformatics and functional analysis to identify genes that shape the Drosophila embryo.See related research article http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/7/61 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2818987 Mon, 21 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2818987 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2814156&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F70 Developmental biology, regenerative medicine and cancer biology are increasingly occupied with the molecular characterization of stem cells. Yet recent work adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that 'stemness' cannot be reduced to the molecular features of cell types, and is instead an emergent property of cell lineages under feedback control. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2814156 Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2814156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2807099&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F69 Stephen Turner and colleagues follow up their earlier Q&A on influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and ask what we now know about its transmissibility, pathogenicity and variability, and the likelihood of more severe disease in the Northern hemisphere winter. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2807099 Thu, 17 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2807099 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757068&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F72 Because of the increasing recognition of the importance of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation, there is considerable interest in identifying RNA motifs in genomic data. In a recent report in BMC Genomics, Breaker and colleagues describe a new algorithm for identifying functional noncoding RNAs in metagenomic sequences of marine organisms, a strategy that may be particularly effective for discovering new and unique riboswitches. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757068 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757068 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757067&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F74 In mammals, the sex of the embryo is determined by the fate of the gonad. Recent papers, including one in BMC Developmental Biology, shed light on the molecular regulation of ovarian development and suggest that the R-spondin1/Wnt4/β-catenin pathway and the Foxl2 transcription factor act in a complementary manner to promote ovarian fate and to repress testicular development. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757067 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2740824&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F71 Genetic approaches to dissecting complex traits in animal models increasingly use transcript levels as a molecular phenotype and as validation for predictions of gene function. A recent study in BMC Biology using these approaches shows the complexity of the genetic contribution to aggressive behavior in Drosophila. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2740824 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2740824 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2740823&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F73 Insulator elements mediate intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions. The insulator protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is important for insulator function in several animals but a report in BMC Molecular Biology shows that Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast and plants lack CTCF. Alternative proteins may have a similar function in these organisms. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2740823 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2740823 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2740822&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F8%2F75 Absolute pitch has proved useful as an alternative perspective from which to investigate various cognitive faculties. A new functional magnetic resonance imaging study published recently in BMC Neuroscience adds new data to the ongoing debate concerning the neural underpinnings of this unusual ability. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2740822 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2740822 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2737209&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F60 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2737209 Wed, 26 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2737209 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2708387&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F61 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a ligand-activated transcriptional regulator that binds dioxin and other exogenous contaminants and is responsible for their toxic effects, including immunosuppression. New evidence suggests, however, that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor has a physiological role in the immune system, and the immunosuppressive effects of dioxin may reflect a more subtle disruption of the regulatory interactions between immune cells. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2708387 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2708387 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2688034&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F67 Molecular techniques for identifying pathogens associated with cancer continue to be developed, including one reported recently in BMC Medical Genomics. Identifying a causal infectious agent helps in understanding the biology of these cancers and can lead ultimately to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines for their treatment and prevention. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2688034 Mon, 10 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2688034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2681394&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F63 A recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology describes the development of the annulus of the mouse sperm cell, but much remains to be learnt about sperm cells despite their importance in human fertility. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2681394 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2681394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2673876&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F62 Parasites are accomplished evaders of host immunity. Their evasion strategies have shaped every facet of the immune system, driving diversity within gene families and immune gene polymorphisms within populations. New studies published recently in BMC Biology and Journal of Experimental Medicine document parasite-associated immunosuppression in natural populations and suggest that host genetic variants favoring resistance to parasites may be detrimental in the absence of infection. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2673876 Tue, 04 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2673876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644576&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F64 Although mice lacking the architectural DNA binding factor HMGA1 are diabetic and express very low levels of the insulin receptor, they have increased insulin sensitivity. A study in BMC Biology now suggests that changes in circulating retinol binding protein partly account for this paradox. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644576 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644576 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2633732&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F66 The 'action' in genome-level evolution lies not in the large gene-containing segments that are conserved among related species, but in the breakpoint regions between these segments. Two recent papers in BMC Genomics detail the pattern of repetitive elements associated with breakpoints and the epigenetic conditions under which breakage occurs. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2633732 Thu, 23 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2633732 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2625320&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F7%2F65 Until recently, understanding developmental conservation and change has relied on embryological comparisons and analyses of single genes. Several studies, including one recently published in BMC Biology, have now taken a genomic approach to this classical problem, providing insights into how selection operates differentially across the life cycle. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2625320 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2625320 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2620514&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F52 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2620514 Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2620514 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597624&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F54 Reconstructing the 'Tree of Life' is complicated by extensive horizontal gene transfer between diverse groups of organisms. While numerous conceptual and technical obstacles remain, a report in this issue of Journal of Biology from Koonin and colleagues on the largest-scale prokaryotic genomic reconstruction yet attempted shows that such a tree is discernible, although its branches cannot be traced. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597624 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2597624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2597623&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F59 Conclusions: Horizontal gene transfer is pervasive among prokaryotes: very few gene trees are fully consistent, making the original tree of life concept obsolete. A central trend that most probably represents vertical inheritance is discernible throughout the evolution of archaea and bacteria, although compressed cladogenesis complicates unambiguous resolution of the relationships between the major archaeal and bacterial clades. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2597623 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2597623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503874&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F57 How vernalization – exposure to a period of cold – induces flowering in Arabidopsis has been intensively investigated at the genetic and moleular levels. Recent papers, including one in BMC Plant Biology, shed light on changes in gene regulation that occur on vernalization in cereals. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503874 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503876&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F55 The annual migration of the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) from eastern North America to central Mexico is one of nature's most inspiring spectacles. Recent studies including one in BMC Biology, have begun to dissect the molecular and neurogenetic basis for this most complex behavior. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503876 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503875&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F56 Vast supercolonies of interconnected nests formed by unicolonial ant species are the largest cooperative groups of animals known. Research published recently in BMC Evolutionary Biology reveals that a supercolony can be more genetically structured than previously thought, comprising several extended families. Surprisingly, the families coexist peacefully, even though they seem to recognize each other as non-kin. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503875 Wed, 17 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503875 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503878&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F53 James Ferrell explains in Q&A format how cooperativity can tune the behaviour of biological macromolecules to their physiological functions, and can be achieved in many different ways. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503878 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503878 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503877&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F6%2F58 The uncoupling protein UCP1 provides eutherian mammals with an efficient thermogenic mechanism. Recent work published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, following the identification of UCP1 orthologs in non-eutherians, concludes that this unique function appeared after sequence divergence and purifying selection that allowed functional co-option. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503877 Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503877 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2503879&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F45 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2503879 Thu, 11 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2503879 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2455980&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F51 Mosquito hemocytes are blood cells that are fundamental for combating systemic infection. A study published in BMC Genomics shows that hemocyte gene transcription in response to immune challenge is pathogen-specific and reaffirms the primary role of these cells in immunity. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2455980 Fri, 05 Jun 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2455980 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2446221&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F50 A novel diversified multigene family of tripartite-motif (TRIM) intracellular receptors with putative antiviral activity has been identified in teleost fish and published in BMC Biology. The history of these receptors involves ancient linkage to paralogs of the major histocompatibility complex, and the family has invertebrate precursors. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2446221 Fri, 29 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2446221 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2439827&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F48 Complex diseases such as allergy change gene expression in several cell types and tissues. Benson and colleagues have now shown, in a paper in BMC Systems Biology, that this complexity can be studied effectively using an integrated experimental and computational modular analysis. Their strategy revealed a core of allergy-associated genes of potential therapeutic value. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2439827 Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2439827 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2439826&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F49 Apoptosis appears to be a carefully orchestrated process for the ordered dismantling of cells. A recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology shows that the disassembly of adherens junctions during apoptosis in Drosophila is progressive and requires the amino-terminal cleavage of the β-catenin Armadillo by the apoptotic effector caspase DrICE. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2439826 Thu, 28 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2439826 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2436188&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F46 Peter Doherty and Stephen Turner explain in Q&A format what we know of what determines the pathogenicity and transmissibility of influenza viruses, and the prospects for effective protection. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2436188 Tue, 26 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2436188 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2436187&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F5%2F47 Prion variants faithfully propagate across species barriers, but if the barrier is too high, new variants (mutants) are selected, as shown in a recent BMC Biology report. Protein sequence alteration can prevent accurate structural templating at filament ends producing prion variants. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2436187 Tue, 26 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2436187 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432140&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F34 No description available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432140 Fri, 22 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2432140 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432139&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F35 The term epistasis has at least three meanings in biology. Brenda Andrews and colleagues explain in Q&A format how in its classical sense, epistasis allows biological pathways to be defined. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432139 Fri, 22 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2432139 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2432138&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F44 The Notch signaling pathway has multifarious functions in the organization of the developing vertebrate embryo. One of its most fundamental roles is in the emergence of the regular pattern of somites that will give rise to the musculoskeletal structures of the trunk. The parts it plays in the early operation of the segmentation clock and the later definition and differentiation of the somites are beginning to be understood. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2432138 Fri, 22 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2432138 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2386516&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F40 A recent paper in BMC Microbiology shows how suppression of mosquito innate immunity against a virus that the mosquito can normally tolerate increases mosquito mortality. This is just one of several approaches that may soon bring genetics-based mosquito control methods from the laboratory into the field. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2386516 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2386516 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2386515&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F43 The merger of evolutionarily diverged genomes to form a new polyploid genetic system can involve extensive remodeling of gene regulation. A recent paper in BMC Biology provides important insights into regulatory events that have affected the evolution of allopolyploid cotton. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2386515 Fri, 01 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2386515 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2380063&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F38 Several possible and potentially overlapping genetic mechanisms have been suggested to explain differences in life span between males and females. Two recent papers in BMC Evolutionary Biology on the effects of inbreeding provide additional insight into the genetic architecture underlying life span differences between genders in two different insects. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2380063 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2380063 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2380062&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F39 Anhydrobiosis, or extreme desiccation tolerance, is one of the strategies that allows terrestrial Antarctic organisms to survive in a harsh environment. A new study in BMC Genomics analyses gene expression in an Antarctic nematode during desiccation, and sheds new light on this phenomenon. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2380062 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2380062 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2374199&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F42 Taste cells regularly generate action potentials, but their functional significance in taste signaling is unclear. A paper in BMC Neuroscience reveals the identity of the voltage-gated Na+ channels underlying action potentials, providing the foundation for insights into their function. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2374199 Tue, 28 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2374199 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363721&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F36 The domesticated cow is the latest farm animal to have its genome sequenced and deciphered. The members of the Bovine Genome Consortium have published a series of papers on the assembly and what the sequence reveals so far about the biology of this ruminant and the consequences of its domestication. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363721 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2363721 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363720&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F37 The presence of mammary glands is the defining morphological feature of mammals. The recent assembly of the bovine genome and a report in Genome Biology that links the milk and lactation data of bovine and other mammalian genomes will help biologists investigate this economically and medically important feature. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363720 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2363720 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2353060&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F4%2F41 Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have challenged the concept that genetic diversity within populations is governed by effective population size and mutation rate. A recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that variation in the rate of mutation rather than in population size is the main explanation for variations in mtDNA diversity observed among bird species. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2353060 Tue, 21 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2353060 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340018&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F22 No abstract available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340018 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340018 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340017&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F23 (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340017 Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340017 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340020&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F32 Information on how genomic information from fish to human encodes the same tissues has until now emerged one gene at a time. The study published in this issue now provides lists of genes and their expression levels for 20 vertebrate tissues spanning 450 million years of vertebrate evolution. It reveals a core set of genes with similar tissue-expression patterns yet no common regulatory signatures – a gene-expression paradox. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340020 Thu, 16 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340020 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340019&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F33 Conclusions: There are clearly strong evolutionary constraints on tissue-specific gene expression. A major challenge will be to understand the precise mechanisms by which many gene expression patterns remain similar despite extensive cis-regulatory restructuring. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340019 Thu, 16 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340019 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340022&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F29 Reconstruction of transcriptional regulatory networks of uncharacterized bacteria is a main challenge for the post-genomic era. Recent studies, including one in BMC Systems Biology, address this problem in the relatively underexplored actinobacteria clade, which includes major pathogenic and economically relevant taxa. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340022 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340022 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2340021&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F30 The protein kinase inhibitor imatinib, also known as Gleevec, has been a notable success in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia. A recent paper in BMC Structural Biology reports a 1.75 Å crystal structure of imatinib bound to the oxidoreductase NQO2 and reveals insights into the binding specificity and the off-target effects of the inhibitor. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2340021 Wed, 15 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2340021 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2324416&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F31 The obligate intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of insects are a paradigm for reductive genome evolution. A study published recently in BMC Biology demonstrates that similar evolutionary forces shaping genome structure may also apply to extracellular endosymbionts. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2324416 Mon, 06 Apr 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2324416 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295855&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F28 Metastasis is the major cause of death in breast cancer patients. Gene-expression studies have shown that the likelihood of metastasis can be predicted from analysis of primary tumors. Two recent papers in BMC Medicine and BMC Cancer have established new operational expression signatures containing a limited number of genes involved in angiogenesis or cell proliferation. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295855 Fri, 27 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2295856&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F26 A detailed sequence comparison of the MSX homeobox family sheds light on its evolution and identifies new conserved motifs. But in the absence of corroborative genetic data, phylogenomics alone can provide only limited insights into the pathogenicity of heterozygous missense substitutions in human genes. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2295856 Tue, 24 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2295856 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2268132&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F27 A lattice-model study of double-mutant cycles published in BMC Structural Biology underscores how interactions in non-native conformations can lead to thermodynamic coupling between distant residues in globular proteins, adding to recent advances in delineating the often crucial roles played by disordered conformational ensembles in protein behavior. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2268132 Fri, 13 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2268132 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2258002&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F24 Good early training of graduate students and postdocs is needed to prevent them turning into future generations of manuscript-savaging reviewers. How can we intercalate typical papers into our training? (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2258002 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2258002 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2239778&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F3%2F25 Gene and genome duplications are considered to be the main evolutionary mechanisms contributing to the unrivalled biodiversity of bony fish. New studies of vitellogenin yolk proteins, including a report in BMC Evolutionary Biology, reveal that the genes underlying key evolutionary innovations and adaptations have undergone complex patterns of duplication and functional evolution. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2239778 Thu, 05 Mar 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2239778 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2222006&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F10 No abstract available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2222006 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2222006 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209441&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F15 Darwin's focus on small quantitative variations as the raw material of evolution may have prevented him from discovering the laws of inheritance. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209441 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209441 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209440&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F19 Squamates (lizards and snakes) offer an exciting model system for research on the evolution of body form. A new phylogenetic study in BMC Evolutionary Biology of Australian lizards shows remarkable evolutionary lability in digit numbers among closely related species, but also highlights important challenges in this area. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209440 Tue, 24 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209440 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209445&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F11 No abstract available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209445 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209444&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F12 Unexpected findings in evolutionary genomics both question the role of selection in genome evolution and clarify how genomes work. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209444 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209444 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209443&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F13 In 1959 Ernst Mayr challenged the relevance of mathematical models to evolutionary studies and was answered by JBS Haldane in a witty and convincing essay. Fifty years on, I conclude that the importance of mathematics has in fact increased and will continue to do so. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209443 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209443 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2209442&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F14 The relative sizes of parts of an organism frequently depend on the absolute size of the individual, a relationship that is generally described by power laws. I show here that these power laws are a consequence of the way evolution operates. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2209442 Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2209442 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2199800&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F16 Odor space, the representation of odor quality in the insect brain, is known to be optimally resolved when lateral inhibitory pathways are functioning normally. A new study published in the Journal of Biology now shows that odor time resolution also depends on the normal functioning of such pathways. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2199800 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2199800 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2199799&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F21 Conclusions: Our results establish a direct link between the bursting response pattern of PNs and the odor-tracking behavior of the moth, demonstrating the behavioral significance of resolving the dynamics of a natural odor stimulus in antennal lobe circuits. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2199799 Fri, 20 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2199799 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2177291&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F20 Although most epidemic human infectious diseases are caused by recently introduced pathogens, cospeciation of parasite and host is commonplace for endemic infections. Occasional host infidelity, however, provides the endemic parasite with an opportunity to survive the potential extinction of its host. Such infidelity may account for the survival of certain types of human lice, and it is currently exemplified by viruses such as HIV. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2177291 Tue, 10 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2177291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2167143&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F17 A recent study in BMC Evolutionary Biology shows that many of the open reading frames in mammalian Hox genes are more conserved than expected on the basis of their protein sequence. The presence of highly conserved DNA elements is thus not confined to the noncoding DNA in neighboring regions but clearly overlaps with coding sequences. These findings support an emerging view that gene regulatory and coding sequences are likely to be more intermingled than once believed. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2167143 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2167143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2167142&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F2%2F18 A recent report in BMC Biology indicates that modern humans first arrived in southern East Asia 60,000 years ago and settled the rest of East Asia from there. This early date and migration route has significant implications for our understanding of the origins of present-day human populations. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2167142 Fri, 06 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2167142 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2137183&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F1 No abstract available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2137183 Tue, 27 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2137183 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134460&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F2 No abstract available (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134460 Mon, 26 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2134460 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134459&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F3 The individual 'validation' experiments typically included in papers reporting genome-scale studies often do not reflect the overall merits of the work. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134459 Mon, 26 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2134459 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134458&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F4 Sensory identity usually remains constant across a large intensity range. Vertebrates use lateral inhibition to match the sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells to the intensity of light. A new study published in Journal of Biology suggests that lateral inhibition in the Drosophila antennal lobe is similarly required for concentration-invariant perception of odors. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134458 Mon, 26 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2134458 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134457&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F8 Since the mid-1990s, insights obtained from electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography have transformed our understanding of how the most important ribozyme in the cell, the ribosome, catalyzes protein synthesis. This review provides a brief account of how this structural revolution came to pass, and the impact it has had on our understanding of how the ribosome decodes messenger RNAs. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134457 Mon, 26 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2134457 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2134456&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F9 Conclusions: Our results show that increasing odor concentrations induce progressive activation of concentration-tuned olfactory sensory neurons and concomitant recruitment of inhibitory local interneurons. We propose that the interplay of combinatorial OSN input and local interneuron activation allows animals to remain sensitive to odors across a large range of stimulus intensities. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2134456 Mon, 26 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2134456 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2128526&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F7 The complete genome sequence of the crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis published recently in Genome Biology provides a great leap forward in the dissection of its unique association with another hyperthermophilic archaeon, Nanoarchaeum equitans. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2128526 Fri, 23 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2128526 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2120907&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F6 Sperm from Drosophila simulans that carry a sex-ratio distorter is preferentially lost from females' sperm-storage organs. This suggests that sperm dumping is a major factor affecting sperm competition in this species, and may have evolved in response to sex-ratio distorters. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2120907 Tue, 20 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2120907 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2100581&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F8%2F1%2F5 The investigation of vertebrate limb regeneration, a favorite topic of early developmental biologists, is enjoying a renaissance thanks to recently developed molecular and genetic tools, as indicated in recent papers in BMC Biology and BMC Developmental Biology. Classical experiments provide a rich context for interpreting modern functional studies. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2100581 Tue, 13 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2100581 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2039424&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F10%2F37 Despite its remarkable capacity to undergo change at timescales ranging from a fraction of a second to a lifetime, there are many aspects of the nervous system that can be modified only at the enormously longer evolutionary timescale. A new study in BMC Biology using nematodes illustrates such evolutionary neuronal remodeling. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2039424 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2039424 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2039423&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F10%2F38 Artemisinins are the most important anti-malarial drugs in use today, but are more costly than previous anti-malarials and production and price tend to fluctuate. Alternative ways of producing artemisinins are discussed here in the light of a recent paper in BMC Biotechnology on improving the yield of the precursor, artemisinic acid, in genetically engineered yeast. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2039423 Mon, 15 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2039423 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2004791&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F10%2F39 A comprehensive survey of single amino-acid substitution mutations critical for RNA polymerase function published in Journal of Biology supports a proposed mechanism for polymerase action in which movement of the polymerase 'bridge helix' promotes transcriptional activity in cooperation with a critical substrate-interaction domain, the 'trigger loop'. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2004791 Tue, 02 Dec 2008 05:00:00 +0100 2004791 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1996067&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F9%2F36 Little is known about genetic variants that predispose individuals toward leanness or fatness. This minireview highlights recent advances in the study of human populations, animal models and synergistic efforts as described by De Luca and colleagues in BMC Genetics, which are beginning to harvest low-hanging fruit in the search for obesity genes. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1996067 Thu, 27 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1996067 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1974529&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F9%2F35 Recent data published in BMC Biology from the globin gene clusters in platypus, together with data from other species, show that β-globin genes transposed from one chromosomal location to another. This resolves some controversies about vertebrate globin gene evolution but ignites new ones. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1974529 Thu, 20 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1974529 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1954957&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F9%2F34 The efficiency of RNA interference varies between different organisms, even among nematodes. A recent report of successful RNA interference in the nematode Panagrolaimus superbus in BMC Molecular Biology has implications for the comparative study of the functional genomics of nematode species, and prompts reflections on the choice of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1954957 Thu, 13 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1954957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942865&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F9%2F33 The identification of aquaglyceroporins as uptake channels for arsenic and antimony shows how these toxic elements can enter the food chain, and suggests that food plants could be genetically modified to exclude arsenic while still accumulating boron and silicon. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942865 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942865 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1929831&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F9%2F32 Genetic studies of organisms based on coalescent modeling and paleoenvironmental data, including a new study in BMC Biology of Mexican jays in the sky islands of Arizona and northern Mexico, show that populations differentiated in multiple refugia during and after glacial cycles. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1929831 Mon, 03 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1929831 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1920769&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F8%2F31 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a critical second messenger that regulates cardiovascular function and vision in humans. Two recent papers, including one in BMC Structural Biology, have revealed atomic structures of the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of cGMP providing new clues about the molecular basis of substrate specificity and allosteric regulation in nucleotide cyclases. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1920769 Fri, 31 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1920769 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1911136&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F8%2F30 X-chromosome inactivation occurs randomly for one of the two X chromosomes in female cells during development. Inactivation occurs when RNA transcribed from the Xist gene on the X chromosome from which it is expressed spreads to coat the whole X chromosome. In the first issue of Epigenetics and Chromatin, Nesterova and colleagues investigate the role of the RNA interference pathway enzyme Dicer in DNA methylation of the Xist promoter. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1911136 Mon, 27 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1911136 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1900855&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F8%2F29 A previous knockout of the transcription factor gene nuclear factor IX (NFIX) in mice produced impaired development of the corpus callosum and severe skeletal defects. A recent paper in BMC Developmental Biology reports an apparently similar NFIX knockout that produced marked differences in phenotype, raising intriguing general questions about the possible causes of such differences in mouse knockouts. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1900855 Thu, 23 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1900855 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1883173&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F8%2F28 How does an animal host prevent intracellular symbionts getting out of hand? A new paper in BMC Biology provides evidence that the mutualism between a beetle and its bacterial endosymbiont could be mediated through the expression of host immune genes. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1883173 Thu, 16 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1883173 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1879586&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F7%2F25 One strategy for spinal cord injury repair is to make cellular bridges that support axon regeneration. However, the bridging cells often fail to integrate with host tissue and may lead to increased pain sensitivity. Recent work has tested bridging with two forms of progenitor-derived astrocyte. One type integrates, suppresses scar formation and promotes axon regeneration, whereas another very similar type, reported in Journal of Biology, does not support regeneration and increases pain sensitivity. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1879586 Wed, 15 Oct 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1879586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1840543&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F7%2F27 Explaining the evolution of cooperative behavior is a long-standing problem for which much theory has been developed. A recent paper in BMC Biology tests central elements of this theory by manipulating a simple bacterial experimental system. This approach is useful for assessing the principles of social evolution, but we argue that more effort must be invested in the inverse problem: using social evolution theory to understand the lives of bacteria. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1840543 Tue, 30 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1840543 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1828965&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F7%2F26 Visual perception is a key element in evolution, as it is required for many life processes. Two recent studies in BMC Biology and BMC Evolutionary Biology shed light on the genetic determinants of color detection in strikingly colored fish. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1828965 Thu, 25 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1828965 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1797562&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F7%2F23 The major physiologic theory of aging, the disposable soma theory, links dietary restriction (DR), also known as calorie or food restriction, to prolonged lifespan and makes specific predictions about the effects of aging and DR on reproduction. A recent study in BMC Biology profiling the effects of aging and DR on gonadal gene expression provides novel molecular evidence that has a significant impact on this theory of aging. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1797562 Tue, 16 Sep 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1797562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1738734&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F6%2F22 The pathogenesis of severe malarial disease is not yet fully understood. It is clear that host immunopathology plays a central role, and a recent paper in BMC Evolutionary Biology suggests that the ability of the parasite to stimulate interleukin-10 production is a major factor and speculates on its impact on the coevolution of host and parasite. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1738734 Thu, 28 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1738734 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1691716&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F6%2F21 Because emotions enhance memory processes and music evokes strong emotions, music could be involved in forming memories, either about pieces of music or about episodes and information associated with particular music. A recent study in BMC Neuroscience has given new insights into the role of emotion in musical memory. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1691716 Fri, 08 Aug 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1691716 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1671116&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F6%2F20 A recent study in BMC Pharmacology presents a network of drugs and the therapies in which they are used. Network approaches open new ways of predicting novel drug targets and overcoming the cellular robustness that can prevent drugs from working. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1671116 Thu, 31 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1671116 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1621876&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F6%2F19 Transcription and metabolite analysis is a powerful way to reveal physiological shifts in response to environmental pollution. Recent studies on earthworms, including one in BMC Biology, show that the type of pollution and its availability for uptake by organisms can differentially affect transcription and metabolism. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1621876 Mon, 14 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1621876 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1593401&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F6%2F18 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins provide a layer of complexity to the insulin/IGF signaling system in mammals, but only now, in a recent study in Journal of Biology, has one such protein been functionally characterized in Drosophila. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1593401 Mon, 07 Jul 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1593401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1556146&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F5%2F17 The transfer-messenger ribonucleoprotein (tmRNP), which is composed of RNA and a small protein, small protein B (SmpB), recycles ribosomes that are stalled on broken mRNAs lacking stop codons and tags the partially translated proteins for degradation. Although it is not yet understood how the ribosome gets from the 3' end of the truncated message onto the messenger portion of the tmRNA to add the tag, a recent study in BMC Biology has shed some light on this astonishing feat. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1556146 Mon, 30 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1556146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1546471&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F5%2F16 The reconstruction of complete animal life cycles is sometimes a considerable problem, even though the knowledge of the full life cycle may have far-reaching evolutionary implications. A new study published in BMC Biology on artificially induced metamorphosis in an enigmatic crustacean group that was only known from larval stages sheds new light on the evolution of parasitism. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1546471 Thu, 26 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1546471 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1502384&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F5%2F15 Retinal neurons receive input from other cells via synapses and the position of these synapses on the neurons reflects the retinal regions from which information is received. A new study in Neural Development establishes that the spatial distribution of excitatory synaptic inputs emerges at the onset of synapse formation rather than as a result of changes during neuronal reorganisation. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1502384 Mon, 09 Jun 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1502384 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1472131&cid=s_34073_62_f&fid=34073&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjbiol.com%2Fcontent%2F7%2F5%2F14 The geographic mosaic theory is fast becoming a unifying framework for coevolutionary studies. A recent experimental study of interactions between pines and mycorrhizal fungi in BMC Biology is the first to rigorously test geographical selection mosaics, one of the cornerstones of the theory. (Source: Journal of Biology) Journal of Biology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1472131 Wed, 28 May 2008 04:00:00 +0100 1472131