MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Biomaterials Applications' source. Tue, 07 Feb 2012 10:08:05 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636951&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F26%2F6%2F761%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636951 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636951 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636950&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F745%3Frss%3D1 Nucleus pulposus (NP) is the soft center of the intervertebral disc (IVD), able to resist compressive loads, while the annulus fibrosus withstands tension and gives mechanical strength. NP function may be altered as consequence of several pathologies or injury and when a damaged IVD does not properly play its role. In the past years, a great effort has been devoted to the design of injectable systems as NP substitutes. The different synthetic- and natural hydrogel-based materials proposed, present many drawbacks and, in particular, they do not seem to mimic the required behavior. In the search for natural-based systems a dodecylamide of hyaluronic acid (HA), HYADD3®, has been proved as bioactive and suitable vehicle to carry cells for NP tissue engineering, while a crosslinked HA ester... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636950 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636950 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636949&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F733%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we show that SPG fibers can be manipulated to produce conical shape fibers using graded dissolution. Our result shows that 40 µm fibers of composition ratio 0.5 (P2O5):0.25 (CaO):0.25 (Na2O) and dissolution time of 8–10 h have a mean reduction in fiber diameter of 8.85 ± 2.8 µm over 19.5 mm fiber length, i.e., a mean rate of 0.5 µm/mm (n = 20) change. These conically shaped fibers can also be manipulated and potentially used to promote uniaxial cell–tissue ingrowth for improved innervations and vascularization of tissue engineered constructs. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636949 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636949 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636948&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F707%3Frss%3D1 High nickel content is believed to reduce the number of biomedical applications of nickel–titanium alloy due to the reported toxicity of nickel. The reduction in nickel release and minimized exposure of the cell to nickel can optimize the biocompatibility of the alloy and increase its use in the application where its shape memory effects and pseudoelasticity are particularly useful, e.g., spinal implants. Many treatments have been tried to improve the biocompatibility of Ni–Ti, and results suggest that a native, smooth surface could provide sufficient tolerance, biologically. We hypothesized that the native surface of nickel–titanium supports cell differentiation and insures good biocompatibility. Three types of surface modifications were investigated: thermal oxidation, ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636948 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636948 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636947&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F687%3Frss%3D1 Titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) nanoscale multilayered films were deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using a Ti target. Coatings characterized by X-ray diffraction showed that the stack possesses centered cubic structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra on the etched surfaces of the stack film on steel exhibited the characteristic Ti2p, N1s, and O1s peaks at the corresponding binding energies 454.5, 397.0, and 530.6 eV, respectively. Platelet adhesion experiments were carried out to examine the interaction between blood and the materials in vitro. The results indicated that the smoothness and lower isoelectric point contribute to better hemocompatibility of the Ti/TiN nanoscale multilayered coating. The biomediated synthes... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636947 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636947 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636946&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F667%3Frss%3D1 Currently, there is no regenerative strategy for the spinal cord that is part of clinical standard of core. Current paths usually include combinations of scaffold materials and active molecules. In a recent study, a permanent dental resin scaffold for treatment of spinal cord injury was designed. The results from studies on rats were promising. However, for potential clinical use, a biodegradable scaffold material that facilitates drug delivery and the regeneration of the spinal cord needs to be developed. Also a biodegradable material is expected to allow a better evaluation of the efficacy of the surgical method. In this article, the suitability of hardened calcium sulfate cement (CSC) for use as degradable spinal cord scaffolds is investigated in bench studies and in vitro studies. Comp... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636946 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636946 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636945&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F651%3Frss%3D1 KASEA16(+) and KASEA16(–) peptides, the net charges of which are positive and negative, respectively, under a neutral condition could undergo self-assembly into nanofibers and form transparent hydrogels without peptide aggregation upon rapid pH neutralization. The numbers of NIH3T3 cells attached to the KASEA16(+) hydrogel and KASEA16(–) hydrogel were similar, and cells proliferated with time on both hydrogels. Cells on the KASEA16(+) hydrogel had spindle-like morphology, while cells on the KASEA16(–) hydrogel formed clusters without extending cytoplasmic processes. Comparison of differently charged peptides under a neutral condition suggested that the charges of the scaffolds should be taken into consideration for the best design and selection of scaffolds for cell cultu... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636945 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636945 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5636944&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F6%2F637%3Frss%3D1 Pure Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 bioceramic was first prepared by a sol–gel method using triethyl phosphate, tetraethoxysilane, and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as original materials. Simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion tests revealed that Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 samples had a greater in vitro apatite-forming ability than hydroxyapatite (HA). After soaking Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 samples in the SBF for 1 day, bone-like apatite precipitated on the surfaces and the apatite layer became thicker with increasing the soaking time. However, few bone-like apatites precipitated on the HA samples even after soaking in the SBF for 7 days. The good in vitro bioactivity of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 samples was attributed to the silanol (Si-OH) groups and greater solubility of Ca5(PO4)2SiO4. In addition, hot-pressed Ca5(PO4)2SiO4 ceramic exh... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5636944 Wed, 25 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5636944 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579400&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F623%3Frss%3D1 Solvent-based methods are commonly employed for the production of polyester-based samples and coatings in both medical device production and research. The influence of solvent casting and subsequent drying time was studied using thermal analysis, spectroscopy and weight measurement for four grades of 50 : 50 poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) produced by using chloroform, dichloromethane, and acetone. The results demonstrate that solvent choice and PLGA molecular weight are critical factors in terms of solvent removal rate and maintaining sample integrity, respectively. The protocols widely employed result in high levels of residual solvent and a new protocol is presented together with solutions to commonly encountered problems. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579400 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579399&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F613%3Frss%3D1 Development of controlled, targeted drug delivery systems represents one of the frontier areas of biomaterials science, where a multidisciplinary approach is of direct benefit to human healthcare. We demonstrate herein the potential of sol–gel derived phosphate-based glass for use in drug delivery applications. Our low-temperature sol–gel synthesis of phosphate-based glasses has made it possible to incorporate relatively unstable functional molecules for controlled release. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by incorporating the chemotherapy agent cisplatin in a CaO–Na2O–P2O5 glass. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is used to show that the chlorine ligands of cisplatin undergo exchange with oxygen during the synthesis, consistent with binding to the phosphat... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579399 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579398&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F595%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this work was to study the cytotoxicity of different fractions of gold nanoparticles prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis from gold scrap. The target cells were rat thymocytes, as a type of nonproliferating cells, and L929 mouse fibroblasts, as a type of continuous proliferating cells. Fractions 1 and 2, composed of pure gold nanoparticles, as determined by scanning electron microscopy with a combination of energy dispersive X-ray analysis, were nontoxic for thymocytes, but reduced moderately the proliferative activity of L929 cells. The inhibitory effect of fraction 2, containing particles smaller in size than fraction 1, was stronger. Fraction 3, composed of Au and up to 3% Cu was noncytotoxic for thymocytes, but was cytotoxic for L929 cells. Fraction 4, composed of Au and A... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579398 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579397&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F581%3Frss%3D1 This study is aimed to investigate the antibiotic release behavior and mechanical properties of novel modified PMMA cements, which were bioactivated by chemical modification of commercial cements with either 0.5% hydroxyethylmethacrylate-phosphate (HEMA-P) or 0.5% hydroxyethylmethacrylate-phosphate + calcium chloride and sodium carbonate as buffer. Tobramycin release experiments from the cements were performed statically by immersion of the drug-loaded samples in PBS buffer following liquid change after different periods of time or during cyclic mechanical loading of the cement samples. Cement modification did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the cements, but affected the release rate from the matrix. While the unmodified cement released approximately 0.33 mg/cm2 tobram... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579397 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579396&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F565%3Frss%3D1 The treatment of osteoporotic distal femur fractures is still an unsolved problem of trauma surgery. The poor bone stock often leads to secondary loss of reduction and implant failure. Therefore, the development of new implants and their biomechanical testing is essential. In a previous study, we developed and initially characterized an artificial osteoporotic bone model of the distal femur. This follow-up study was performed to characterize this model in a biomechanical comparison. We investigated two different artificial bones: five foam cortical shell (Sawbones) and 10 custom-made artificial femoral condyles. Additionally, eight human femora were used for comparison. For biomechanical testing, two intramedullary nails (distal femur nail (DFN) and supracondylar nail (SCN)) were cyclicall... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579396 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579396 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579395&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F549%3Frss%3D1 In critical-size bone defects, autologous or allogenic cells are required in addition to compatible biomaterials for the successful defect healing. State of the art inoculation methods of biomaterials are based on the application of cell suspensions to the biomaterial. However, only less amounts of cells can be applied and sufficient adhesion to the material is required. Therefore, it was investigated whether the advantages of stem cell-based microspheres and insoluble collagenous bone matrix (ICBM) scaffolds can be combined which can lead to an advancement in cell seeding on biomaterials. Microspheres were produced from unrestricted somatic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood and were mounted on ICBM scaffolds. Following the incubation with osteogenic or control medium, the constru... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579395 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579395 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579394&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F529%3Frss%3D1 The response of biomaterial surfaces when exposed to blood is in part dependent upon the nature and composition of the adsorbed layer of proteins. Surfaces passivated with albumin have been shown to reduce platelet adhesion and activation. In an attempt to develop surfaces that can selectively and specifically bind albumin, silicon-based surfaces were functionalized with linear peptides and chemical ligands that displayed an affinity for albumin. Peptide functionalized surfaces were observed to preferentially bind albumin when compared to human immunoglobulin and human fibrinogen, which possess low densities of surface adsorbed platelets. The platelet morphology was noted to be discoid on the peptide modified surface. Both the unmodified control and SCL functionalized surfaces had high den... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579394 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579394 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5579393&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F5%2F509%3Frss%3D1 This study focuses on encapsulating streptokinase within these liposomes, specifically regarding the effect of liposome processing conditions on streptokinase encapsulation and activity. Theoretical calculations of encapsulation capacity agreed well with that reported in the literature. The experimental encapsulation efficiency values are 45.9 ± 34.0% (n = 9 ± SD) and 21.6 ± 30.0% (n = 6 ± SD), using two different methods. The liposome processing conditions are found to decrease streptokinase activity; however, over 30% remain active after processing, maintaining enough activity to be therapeutic especially when protected inside a vehicle targeted to the site of thrombo-occlusion. The insight gained from the research reported here would enable refining the desig... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5579393 Mon, 09 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 5579393 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398485&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F491%3Frss%3D1 This study demonstrates that the xenograft material tested can be loaded with gentamicin and release clinically relevant levels of the drug for at least 14 days in vitro allowing for the inhibition of bacterial growth on the graft. This study also demonstrates that the levels of gentamicin released did not have an adverse effect on primary osteoblast cell proliferation or ability to generate alkaline phosphatase. This bone void filler may represent a viable alternative to current methods of local antibiotic delivery in orthopedic applications. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398485 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398484&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F465%3Frss%3D1 Highly porous bioresorbable glass–ceramic scaffolds were prepared via sponge replication method by using an open-cell polyurethane foam as a template and phosphate-based glass powders. The glass, belonging to the P2O5–SiO2–CaO–MgO–Na2O–K2O system, was synthesized by a melting–quenching route, ground, and sieved to obtain powders with a grain size of less than 30 μm. A slurry containing glass powders, polyvinyl alcohol, and water was prepared to coat the polymeric template. The removal of the polymer and the sintering of the glass powders were performed by a thermal treatment, in order to obtain an inorganic replica of the template structure. The structure and properties of the scaffold were investigated from structural, morphological, and mechan... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398484 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398484 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398483&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F451%3Frss%3D1 In the development of new implants biomechanical testing is essential. Since human bones vary markedly in density and geometry their suitability for biomechanical testing is limited. In contrast artificial bones are of great uniformity and therefore appropriate for biomechanical testing. However, the applied artificial bones have to be proved as comparable to human bone. An anatomical shaped artificial bone representing the distal human femur was created by foaming polyurethane. To get a bone model with properties of osteoporotic bone a foam density of 150 kg/m3 was used. The biomechanical properties of our artificial bones were evaluated against eight mildly osteoporotic fresh frozen human femora by mechanical testing. At the artificial bones all tested parameters showed a very small vari... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398483 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398482&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F435%3Frss%3D1 Previous studies have demonstrated that carbonate apatite (CA) is superior to hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP) with regard to osteoclastic resorption, but evidence on osteoclast and osteoblast response remains controversial. In the present study, the expression of bone related mRNA is examined on CA, HA, β-TCP, and titanium plates. ICR mouse osteoblast cells are cocultured with ICR mouse bone marrow cells. Crude osteoclast-like cell-rich suspensions are then seeded onto plates and cultured for 48 h. Total RNA is extracted and mRNA expression is examined by real-time RT-PCR. Amounts of vacuolar-type ATPase, cathepsin K, and TRAP mRNA are significantly greater on CA than on the other plates. The amount of osteoprotegerin mRNA is significantly greater on CA... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398482 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398481&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F419%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of BMP-7 released from polylactide microspheres on the appearance of various catabolic and inflammatory cytokines secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes cultivated in a collagen gel. Articular chondrocytes of 15 patients suffering from osteoarthritis are transferred to a collagen type-I gel. Additionally, BMP-7 encapsulated into polylactide microspheres (50 ng BMP-7/mL gel) is added. After 14 days, gene expression and protein appearance of various genes involved in matrix turnover and inflammation are investigated by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR and compared to untreated controls. TNF-α, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β, and VEGF gene expressions are decreased in the treatment group. In contrast, BMP-7-induced matrix synt... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398481 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5398480&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F4%2F383%3Frss%3D1 Tissue engineering is a newly emerging biomedical technology, which aids and increases the repair and regeneration of deficient and injured tissues. It employs the principles from the fields of materials science, cell biology, transplantation, and engineering in an effort to treat or replace damaged tissues. Tissue engineering and development of complex tissues or organs, such as heart, muscle, kidney, liver, and lung, are still a distant milestone in twenty-first century. Generally, there are four main challenges in tissue engineering which need optimization. These include biomaterials, cell sources, vascularization of engineered tissues, and design of drug delivery systems. Biomaterials and cell sources should be specific for the engineering of each tissue or organ. On the other hand, an... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5398480 Fri, 11 Nov 2011 05:00:00 +0100 5398480 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205666&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F359%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we analyzed if and how these 3D printed calcium phosphate surfaces can be resorbed by osteoclast-like cells. On 3D printed scaffold surfaces consisting of pure HA and β-TCP as well as a biphasic mixture of HA and TCP the osteoclastic cell differentiation was studied. In this regard, cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation were analyzed with the monocytic cell line RAW 264.7. The results show that osteoclast-like cells were able to resorb calcium phosphate surfaces consisting of granules. Furthermore, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics exhibit, because of their osteoclastic activation ability, the most promising surface properties to serve as 3D printed bone substitute scaffolds. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205666 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205666 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205665&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F349%3Frss%3D1 As with most implanted biomaterials, the wound healing response following implantation of a silicone breast implant leads to the formation of a fibrotic capsule. This can result in capsular contracture, a painful complication that often necessitates the removal of implant. It is well established that nicotine and nicotinic agonists inhibit inflammatory signaling. Based on the link between the inflammatory response and capsule formation, we hypothesized that local delivery of nicotine from the implant may lead to the reduction in inflammation and capsule thickness, which may ultimately reduce the incidence of capsular contracture. Nicotine was loaded into PDMS membranes using a previously established method. The loaded materials were implanted into the submammary pockets between the third a... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205665 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205665 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205664&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F327%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the surface of polystyrene (PS) was systematically altered in order to determine the effect of plasma treatment and surface roughness on cell adhesion and spreading. Surfaces with water contact angle from hydrophilic (12°) to superhydrophobic (155°) were obtained through a combination of modifying surface roughness (R a), the deposition of siloxane coatings and the fluorination of the PS surface. R a values in the range of 19—2365 nm were obtained by grinding the PS surface. The nanometer-thick siloxane coatings were deposited using an atmospheric pressure plasma system, while the fluorination of the PS was carried out using a low-pressure radio frequency (RF) plasma. The siloxane coatings were obtained using a liquid poly(dimethylsiloxane) precur... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205664 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205664 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205663&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F311%3Frss%3D1 We developed a novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC) by combining the silk fibroin and osteogenic supplements (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone) with α-tricalcium phosphate cement. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on the novel CPC scaffold. Results showed that the novel CPC scaffold was biocompatible and favorable for the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of MSCs. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was confirmed by high osteocalcin content and elevated gene expressions of bone markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. Therefore, the novel CPC scaffold may be potentially useful for implant fixation and more rapid new bone formation in moderate load-bearing applications. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205663 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205663 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205662&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F293%3Frss%3D1 Biomaterials based on the hydrophobic homopolymer poly(ethyl acrylate), PEA, and its copolymers with hydroxyethyl acrylate, p(EA-co-HEA) and methacrylic acid, p(EA-co-MAAc) were prepared as polymeric scaffolds with interconnected pores of 90 microns and tested in vitro as culture substrates and compared for their impact on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal rats and human endothelial cells (HUVEC). Immunocytochemical staining assay for specific markers show that p(EA-co-MAAc) scaffolds were suitable substrates to promote cell attachment and differentiation of adult NSC and HUVEC cells. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205662 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205662 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205661&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F277%3Frss%3D1 This study focuses on the development of Al-free glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) based on 0.04SrO—0.12CaO—0.36ZnO—0.48SiO 2 glass, with the intent of optimizing their antibacterial efficacy by incorporating low—molecular-weight polyacrylic acids (PAA) and trisodium citrate (TSC), and evaluating the resultant GPCs against bacteria relevant to spinal infections, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Ion-release profiles were determined for the GPC formulation containing E6 PAA (Cement A) and E7 PAA (Cement B), and Zn, Na, and Sr release was recorded over 1, 7, and 30 days. Inhibition was found in E. coli at each time period (0—30 days) and this generally decreased with exposure time in water. The largest GPC inhibition zones were produced by Cement A (6 mm); howe... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205661 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205661 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5205660&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F3%2F255%3Frss%3D1 Gene silencing in liver disease could be achieved by delivering siRNA with nonviral vectors. However, the transfection efficiency of plasmid siRNA (psiRNA) applied through this approach in hepatocytes is generally low. Based on the fact that the asialoglycoprotein receptors present on hepatocytes can recognize galactose, we synthesized galactosylated poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-polyethylenimine (Gal-PEG-PEI) as a nonviral psiRNA carrier for hepatocyte targeting. Our results indicate that 0.2% (molar percentage) of amine groups of PEI was conjugated with PEG having galactose on its distal end. Increasing the molar ratios of Gal-PEG-PEI to psiRNA in complexation led to a decrease in particle size but an increase in zeta potential of complexes. The transfection efficiency of nanocomplexes, th... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5205660 Wed, 07 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 5205660 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158623&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F227%3Frss%3D1 In this study, curdlan sulphate and heparin-modified poly (caprolactone) (PCL) hybrids were developed by physically entrapping these molecules on the PCL surface. This modification technique was performed by reversible gelation of the PCL surface region following exposure to a solvent and nonsolvent mixture. The presence of these biomacromolecules on the PCL surface was verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX) analysis, while wettability of the films was investigated by dynamic contact angle measurements. The blood compatibilities of the surface-modified films were examined using in vitro platelet and leukocyte adhesion and thrombus formation. Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were used to assess the cell adhe... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158623 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158623 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158622&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F209%3Frss%3D1 This study involves the preparation, microstructural, physical, mechanical, and biological characterization of novel gelatine and gelatine/elastin gels for their use in the tissue engineering of vascular grafts. Gelatine and gelatine/elastin nanocomposite gels were prepared via a sol-gel process, using soluble gelatine. Gelatine was subsequently cross-linked by leaving the gels in 1% glutaraldehyde. The cross-linking time was optimized by assessing the mass loss of the cross-linked gels in water and examining their mechanical properties in dynamic mechanical tests. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed elastin nanodomains, homogeneously distributed and embedded in a bed of gelatine nanofibrils in the 30/70 elastin/gelatine gel. It was concluded that the manufactured nanocomposite ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158622 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158622 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158621&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F195%3Frss%3D1 In our previous study, we reported a novel tablet based on compressed zein microspheres as a universal drug delivery system using the hydrophobic protein zein, which shows zero-order release in the presence of pepsin. However, this formulation had difficulty with disintegration under physiological conditions within 48 h, and thus could not be used directly for oral administration. In the present study, a formulation of ivermectin (IVM) tablets based on compressed zein microspheres was improved as a new dosage form. The plasma disposition pharmacokinetics of IVM tablets based on compressed zein microspheres after oral administration was studied over a 7-day period with six dogs (Canis familiaris), using a commercial IVM tablet (5 mg/piece, Yilijia® ) as a control. Clinical efficacy was ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158621 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158620&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F173%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study was to utilize ultrafine powder coating technology to prepare (PPC) that can support human mesenchymal cell attachment and growth. Resins were modified with titanium dioxide and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and enriched with either SiO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles (nSiO2 or nTiO2) to create continuous PPC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed complex surface topographies with nano features, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis with Ti mapping confirmed a homogenous dispersion of the material. SEM and inverted fluorescence microscopy showed that human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells attached and spread out on the PPC surfaces, particularly those enriched with nTiO 2. Cell counts were higher, and the MTT assay measured more metabolic activity ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158620 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158619&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F151%3Frss%3D1 Bone graft substitutes have been developed due to the limited supply and morbidity associated with using autogenous graft material. Allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been used extensively as a clinical graft material because of its inherent osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Differential enhancement of these properties may optimize the performance of these products for various orthopedic and craniofacial applications. Commercially available bone paste products consist of formulations that combine DBM with a carrier to facilitate handling and containment. In the present study, we present results of a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of a 100% human DBM putty product, Puros DBM Putty. Results indicate the DBM particles are completely dispersed in t... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158619 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158619 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5158618&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F2%2F129%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, our in vitro results demonstrate that FS A clots serve as a provisional matrix that encourages adhesion and growth of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Therefore, FS A seems to be well suited for applications in tissue engineering. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5158618 Mon, 22 Aug 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5158618 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050286&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F1%2F117%3Frss%3D1 The introduction of a fluorescent chromaphore into bifunctional crosslinkers results in a molecule with normal crosslinker properties and a fluorescent group for straightforward quantification. This work describes the synthesis of the dansyl-labeled heterobifunctional crosslinker N-succinimidyl -N-dansyl α-N-(acetylthio)acetyllysine (dansyl-ATA-lysine-NHS) containing reactive N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) ester and sulfhydryl groups. The application of this crosslinker to conjugation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein to the surface of a liposome containing maleimide functions is also demonstrated. BSA was modified with the dansyl-labeled crosslinker and subsequently conjugated to liposomes containing reactive phospholipid derivative N-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyryl]phosphatidylethan... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050286 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050286 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050285&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F1%2F101%3Frss%3D1 Surface properties play a vital role in the functioning of a biomaterial. Cellular adherence and growth onto biomaterials can be enhanced in biomaterial modifications of their surface. In this work, the cell behavior on chitosan membranes modified by argon and nitrogen-plasma treatments was investigated. Characterization of the membranes was performed using atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity assessment and direct contact assay were carried out for untreated and treated chitosan membranes using L929 fibroblast-like cells. Cell morphology and cell viability were assessed to evaluate the cell attachment and proliferation. Changes in terms of roughness, surface chemistry, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobic balance of chitosan-mod... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050285 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050284&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F1%2F85%3Frss%3D1 Contact angle measurements are used to infer the clinical wetting characteristics of contact lenses. Such characterization has become more commonplace since the introduction of silicone hydrogel contact lens materials, which have been associated with reduced in vivo wetting due to the inclusion of siloxane-containing components. Using consistent methodology and a single investigator, advancing and receding contact angles were measured for 11 commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lens types with a dynamic captive bubble technique employing customized, fully automated image analysis. Advancing contact angles were found to range between 20° and 72° with the lenses falling into six statistically discrete groupings. Receding contact angles fell within a narrower range, betwee... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050284 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=5050283&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F26%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 This review focuses on one of the most exciting applications area of conjugated conducting polymers, which is tissue engineering. Strategies used for the biocompatibility improvement of this class of polymers (including biomolecules’ entrapment or covalent grafting) and also the integrated novel technologies for smart scaffolds generation such as micropatterning, electrospinning, self-assembling are emphasized. These processing alternatives afford the electroconducting polymers nanostructures, the most appropriate forms of the materials that closely mimic the critical features of the natural extracellular matrix. Due to their capability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and/or... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=5050283 Tue, 19 Jul 2011 23:00:00 +0100 5050283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862362&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F877%3Frss%3D1 This study investigated the use of a Ti-containing quaternary phosphate glass system P2O5—Na2O—CaO—TiO 2 as a vehicle for strontium ion delivery to cells. Four glass compositions were manufactured: 0.5P2O5— 0.15Na2O—0.05TiO 2—(0.3 - x)CaO—xSrO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05). Structural characterization revealed that sodium calcium phosphate is the dominant phase in all the glasses. Degradation studies demonstrated highly linear glass degradation, with Sr-containing glasses degrading at higher rates than the Sr-free glass. Biocompatibility studies using MG63 cells showed that the Sr-containing glasses possess excellent cell attachment and growth, particularly over short periods (~4 days). (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862362 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862361&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F851%3Frss%3D1 The administration of drugs using biodegradable polymer nanoparticles as carriers has generated immense interest due to their excellent biocompatibility and the prolonged drug release. The scope of this work was to determine the applicability of sirolimus-loaded biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) nanoparticles as drug carriers to prevent restenotic processes after stent implantation. The average 250 nm sized 20%(w/w) sirolimus-loaded nanoparticles were extensively characterized with regard to in vitro degradation, biocompatibility and in vitro drug release. The particles show biphasic release kinetics consisting of a short burst release of 50%(w/w) sirolimus payload, followed by a longer, slower release phase, which are desirable for the application as a drug delivery carrier. All pre... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862361 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862361 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862360&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F825%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this contribution is to determine the relationship existent between the chemistry and/or viscosity of some biodegradable polymer solutions and the morphology of micro- and nanospheres resulted after spray drying the solutions at room conditions either in the presence or in the absence of an encapsulated aqueous material. Using dichloromethane as solvent, the following polyesters were used to prepare 2 wt% solutions: polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polylactic acid (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Eastar Bio GP (GP). A comprehensive thermal characterization was also performed on all polymers to verify the relationships existent between the structure of polyesters and certain important parameters, such as Tg, T m, Td . It was observed that a decrease in the solutio... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862360 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862360 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862359&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F811%3Frss%3D1 Biological apatites are characterized by the presence of minor constituents such as magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), or fluoride (F) ions. These ions affect cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation during bone tissue formation. F-substituted apatites are being explored as potential bonegraft materials. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of bone formation induced by fluoride-substituted apatite (FAp) by analyzing the effect of FAp on the process of in vivo bone formation. FAps containing different F concentrations (l-FAp: 0.48wt%, m-FAp: 0.91wt%, h-FAp: 2.23wt%) and calcium-deficient apatite (CDA), as positive control, were implanted in rat tibia and bone formation was evaluated by histological examination, immuhistochemistry, in situ hybridization and tar... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862359 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862359 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862358&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F795%3Frss%3D1 Spinal disease due to intervertebral disc degeneration represents a serious medical problem which affects many people worldwide. Disc arthroplasty may be considered the future ‘‘gold standard’’ of back pain treatment, even if problems related to available disc prostheses are considered. Hence, the aim of the present study was to improve the artificial disc technology by proposing the engineering of a pilot-scale device production process for a total multi-component intervertebral disc prosthesis. The device is made up of a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PHEMA/PMMA) (80/20 w/w) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (s-IPN) composite hydrogel reinforced with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers as annulus/nucleus substitute, and two ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862358 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862358 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4862357&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F8%2F771%3Frss%3D1 Mesh implants are frequently used in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This experimental study aimed to examine the influence of different materials on the diaphragmatic movement over time as well as their mechanical qualities after 4 months. Ultrapro®, Surgisis®, and Proceed ® were implanted onto a diaphragmatic defect in growing rabbits. Diaphragmatic mobility was determined at three time points. At 4 months, defect shrinkage and mechanical properties were measured. The break strength decreased for Ultrapro® and Surgisis®, but did not change relevantly for Proceed®. Ultrapro® (32.46 N/cm) and Proceed® (31.75 N/cm) showed a four-fold higher resistance to tearing than Surgisis® (8.31 N/cm). The elasticity of Ultrapro® showed no significant difference ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4862357 Tue, 24 May 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4862357 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669999&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F743%3Frss%3D1 The potentiality of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured on 2D systems has been previously established. Nevertheless, very little is known so far about the differentiation potentiality of ASCs in 3D culture systems using biomaterials. In this work, we have evaluated the transdifferentiation capabilities of ASCs cultured within a novel fibrin-agarose biomaterial by histological analysis, histochemistry and immunofluorescence. Our results showed that 3D fibrin-agarose biomaterial is highly biocompatible and supports the transdifferentiation capabilities of ASCs to the osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic lineages. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669999 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669999 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669998&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F721%3Frss%3D1 This study investigates the use of meshes to repair diaphragmatic defects. The physical stress in this tissue is high in comparison to other applications. Therefore, knowledge gained from this experimental model can be applied to other locations. Meshes were implanted on surgically created diaphragmatic defects in growing rabbits. A standardized load model was used to investigate 33 rabbits. The commercial products Ultrapro®, Surgisis®, and Proceed ® were implanted. The adhesive properties of the meshes as well as the defect size were determined macroscopically at explantation after 4 months. Sections of the explanted meshes and diaphragms were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The median defect size for all mesh groups decreased from the initial size of 10 mm ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669998 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669997&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F699%3Frss%3D1 Phase-sensitive in situ gel-forming controlled release formulations of insulin were prepared using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and a solvent system consisting of various proportions of benzyl benzoate and benzyl alcohol. The in vitro release samples of formulations were assayed for insulin content by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism spectroscopy studies of released insulin confirmed its conformational stability. The stability of insulin in the formulation was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological properties of the formulations, assessed under isothermal conditions, showed dilatant behavior of all the formulations. In vivo studies were carried out on the optimized formulations vis... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669997 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669996&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F685%3Frss%3D1 Degradable magnesium alloys are new materials for implants used in orthopedic and trauma surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of degradable magnesium alloys on the function of dendritic cells (DC) as these cells represent the major antigen presenting cells of the body. MgP (pure magnesium), MgCa 0.6 (0.6% calcium), MgCa 0.8 (0.8% calcium), MgCa 1.0 (1% calcium), and MgCa 1.2 (1.2% calcium) alloys were degraded in cell culture medium. In parallel, murine bone marrow-derived DC were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.1—10 mmol/L) of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, respectively. Incubation of DC with degradation media over 6 days had no influence on cell viability and only marginal influence on DC migration. Also, the production of TNFα... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669996 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669995&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F663%3Frss%3D1 In this study, RAD16 was examined in terms of osteogenic efficacy and feasibility of ectopic mineralization. Two hundred and seventy-one RAD16 was cocultured with 1 x 106 bone marrow cells from the femurs of 6-week-old Wistar male rats in alpha minimum essential medium supplemented with or without dexamethasone. Second, the same volume of the RAD16 construct hosting the cells with or without hydroxyapatite (HA) particles was treated in the dexamethasone medium as well, prepared in a Teflon tube, and implanted subcutaneously. Cell proliferation was prominent in the RAD16 coculture with dexamethasone at 1 week and significantly decreased by 2 weeks, whereas the other combinations remained or inclined, and their osteogenic differentiation was accelerated up to 2 weeks, as seen in increasing a... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669995 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4669994&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F7%2F643%3Frss%3D1 Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) were synthesized in a FeCl 2—NaNO3—NaOH aqueous system under various initial Fe2+/NO- 3 molar ratios (α) and Fe 2+/OH- molar ratios (β) in order to clarify the effects of the initial molar ratio of reactants on the reaction mechanism. The Fe 2+/NO- 3 /OH- molar ratio of 3 : 1 : 5 led to the formation of magnetic nanoparticles mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (-Fe2O3). The 36 nm sized -Fe2O3 and 413 nm sized Fe 3O4 were obtained by changing the order in which NaNO 3 was added to a NaOH solution. The in vitro heat generations of the resulting MIONPs in an agar phantom were measured under an alternating magnetic field (100 kHz, 23.9 kA/m). The temperature rise (T) of the agar phantom for the 36 n... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4669994 Thu, 31 Mar 2011 23:00:00 +0100 4669994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464402&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F619%3Frss%3D1 We report here the potential of Pluronic tri-block copolymer micelles for the formulation of curcumin, a natural dietary compound having great therapeutic potential against many diseases including cancer. Two most commonly used Pluronic F127 and F68 were used for the formulation and analyzed for curcumin encapsulation efficiency and stability. The encapsulation of drug in micelle was highly dependent on drug-to-copolymer ratio. Pluronic F127 showed better encapsulation efficiency than Pluronic F68. In vitro release profile demonstrated slower and sustained release of curcumin from Pluronic micelles. The lyophilized form of the formulations exhibited good stability for long-term storage. The physical interaction of curcumin with Pluronic was evident by XRD analysis, UV-visible, fluorescence... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464402 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464402 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464401&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F595%3Frss%3D1 A 3D-glass-ceramic scaffold for bone tissue engineering with an interconnected macroporous network of pores was doped with silver ions in order to confer antibacterial properties. For this purpose, silver ions were selectively added to the scaffold surfaces through ion-exchange using an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The silver-doped scaffolds were characterized by means of leaching, in vitro antibacterial, and citotoxicity tests. In particular, the silver effect was examined through a broth dilution test in order to evaluate the proliferation of bacteria by counting the colonies forming units. Moreover, cytotoxicity tests were carried out to understand the effect of silver-containing scaffolds on cell adhesion, proliferation, and vitality. For all tests a comparison between silver-doped... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464401 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464401 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464400&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F581%3Frss%3D1 The formation of hydroxyapatite is important for artificial materials to show high biological affinities for bone tissue. The present study focused on the synthesis of hydrogels capable of showing apatite formation, through modification of polyglutamic acid (PGA) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), followed by treatment with calcium chloride solution. A transparent bulk hydrogel was obtained at a molar ratio of PGA/APTES of 0.5. Prior soaking of the PGA hydrogel in calcium chloride solution accelerated the formation of bone-like apatite in a simulated body fluid. The modified PGA hydrogel is a candidate material for a biodegradable scaffold for bone regeneration. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464400 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464400 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464399&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F559%3Frss%3D1 The current study compares biocompatibility, cell growth and morphology, pore diameter distribution, and interconnectivity of a novel titanium dioxide (TiO2) bone graft substitute granules with three different commercially available bone graft granules Natix®, Straumann® BoneCeramic, and Bio-Oss®. Human primary mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the bone graft substitutes and cell viability and proliferation were evaluated after 1 and 3 days. The microstructural properties of the bone graft substitutes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography analysis, and mechanical testing. The cell viability and proliferation, porosity, interconnectivity, open pore size, and surface area-to-volume ratio of TiO2 granules were significantly higher than com... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464399 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464399 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464398&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F539%3Frss%3D1 Both tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and alumina have been extensively studied and shown to have high biocompatibility. Tricalcium phosphate has improved biodegradability and a higher solubility than hydroxyapatite. In contrast, alumina (Al2O3) is almost completely inert at physiological conditions and has been used as a biomaterial due to its wear resistance, high surface finish, and excellent hardness. Thus, the combination of these two implants would result in greater biocompatibility and phenotype maintenance. A polyurethane (PU) foam replica method was employed in this study to coat TCP on an alumina scaffold. The TCP-coated alumina scaffold was then sintered to generate a porous surface morphology. The pore sizes obtained using this approach ranged between 100—600 µm, which is... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464398 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464398 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4464397&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F6%2F515%3Frss%3D1 This study demonstrated a novel pathway to augment the mechanical properties of PMMA-based cement by providing an enhanced interfacial interaction and strong adhesion between the functionalized n-TiO 2 fibers and PMMA matrix, which enhanced the effective load transfer within the cement. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4464397 Fri, 11 Feb 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4464397 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343037&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F497%3Frss%3D1 Modern cell-based bone reconstruction therapies offer new therapeutic opportunities and tissue engineering represents a more biological-oriented approach to heal bone defects of the skeleton. Human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) derived form umbilical cord blood offer new promising aspects e.g., can differentiate into osteogenetic cells. Furthermore these cells have fewer ethical and legal restrictions compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of osteogenic pre-differentiated USSCs with various biomaterials and to address the question, whether biomaterials influence the process of differentiation of the USSCs. After osteogenic differentiation with DAG USSCs were cultivated with various biomaterials. To asses the biocompati... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343037 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343037 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343036&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F469%3Frss%3D1 Rotavirus (RV) entrapped in polylactide (PLA) and polylactide-coglycolide (PLGA) polymer particles were formulated and evaluated in mice for improved immunogenicity using oral, intranasal (IN), and intramuscular (IM) routes of administration. Microparticles of size ranges between 1 and 8 µm were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Stabilizers like mouse serum albumin, sucrose, and sodium bicarbonate that were used during particle formulation helped in minimizing the denaturation of the entrapped antigen. Immunization with 20 µg of antigen entrapped in polymeric particles through various routes of administration elicited measurable amount of antibody titer in mice. The immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer (≥4-fold rise between pre ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343036 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343036 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343035&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F445%3Frss%3D1 Ceramic powders from fossil deposits were thoroughly characterized from the material point of view and sintered to produce massive components. The raw material, a mixture of apatite minerals, feldspars, and quartz, seems ideally suitable to obtain a biologically compatible glass ceramic. Preliminary in vitro tests of proliferation and adhesion of MG63 human osteoblast-like cell line on a selected sample are encouraging. Results are correlated with sintering conditions and phase composition: the fossil can be sintered to almost full density at temperatures as low as 900°C and seems to quickly promote cell activation with respect to hydroxylapatite. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343035 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343035 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343034&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F429%3Frss%3D1 Engineered scaffolds for tissue-engineering should be designed to match the stiffness and strength of healthy tissues while maintaining an interconnected pore network and a reasonable porosity. In this work, we have used 3D-plotting technique to produce poly-L-Lactide macroporous scaffolds with two different pore sizes. The ability of these macroporous scaffolds to support chondrocyte attachment and viability were compared under static and dynamic loading in vitro. Moreover, the 3D-plotting technique was combined with porogen-leaching, leading to macro/microporous scaffolds, so as to examine the effect of microporosity on the level of cell attachment and viability under similar loading condition. Canine chondrocytes’ cells were seeded onto the scaffolds with different topologies, and... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343034 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343034 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343033&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F413%3Frss%3D1 This study examined the effects on wound healing of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) seeded with autologous fibroblasts in a standardized rodent model. As pre- or postoperative radiotherapy is standard in many treatments of malignancies, we also investigated the effects of additional radiotherapy. Fischer rats were randomised and received a standardized unilateral soft tissue defect at the buttock. The defect was filled with ADM+fibroblasts or ADM alone. Controls received no filling. Either no radiation, adjuvant (postoperative) or neoadjuvant (preoperative) radiation was applied to the defect site. Six weeks later the defect volume was measured by MR-tomography. Wound breaking strength was examined by tensiometry according to German Industrial Standards. Filling of the defect side was signif... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343033 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343033 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343032&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F401%3Frss%3D1 This study shows that microspheres can be incorporated into porous solids using supercritical CO2, allowing for a wide variety of drug-biodegradable polymer formulations prepared using the proven emulsion/solvent evaporation method to be tested. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343032 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343032 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4343031&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F5%2F387%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to produce novel antimicrobial polymers containing the light-activated antimicrobial agent indocyanine green (ICG). The novel materials were prepared by swelling polyurethane in acetone containing water and ICG, followed by solvent evaporation. The uptake of ICG was dependent upon the ratio of acetone to water. Only at a ratio of 99 parts acetone to 1 part water was there any substantial colouration of the samples. When exposed to laser light from the near infrared spectrum (808 nm), polyurethane-containing ICG exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria; a 2 log10 reduction was achieved against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis after 15 min exposure, corresponding to an energy dose of 31.83 J del... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4343031 Thu, 13 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0100 4343031 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4207241&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F25%2F4%2F383%3Frss%3D1 (No abstract is available for this citation) (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4207241 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4207241 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4207240&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F4%2F367%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to evaluate the ectopic bone formation using a novel serum-derived albumin scaffold and cultured human mandibular osteoblasts in nude mice. Osteoblasts were cultured with 10% human serum and plated in a novel spongy noncalcified protein scaffold prepared with plasmatic albumin crossed with a glutaraldehyde type agent. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed a bone-like extracellular matrix and in vitro mineralization was confirmed by von Kossa staining. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation showed progression of mineralization in vivo. These results suggest the clinical feasibility of alveolar cells and albumin scaffold as a good alternative for bone regeneration. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4207240 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4207240 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=4207239&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F4%2F291%3Frss%3D1 Among biomaterials used as implants in human body, sutures constitute the largest groups of materials having a huge market exceeding $1.3 billion annually. Sutures are the most widely used materials in wound closure and have been in use for many centuries. With the development of the synthetic absorbable polymer, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) in the early 1970s, a new chapter has opened on absorbable polymeric sutures that got unprecedented commercial successes. Although several comparative evaluations of suture materials have been published, there were no serious attempts of late on a comprehensive review of production, properties, biodegradability, and performance of suture materials. This review proposes to bring to focus scattered data on chemistry, properties, biodegradability, and perfor... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=4207239 Mon, 29 Nov 2010 00:00:00 +0100 4207239 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932998&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F3%2F269%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, RS significantly improves the corrosion stability and biocompatibility of Cu—Al—Ni SMA. The biocompatibility of this functional material could be additionally enhanced by conditioning the ribbons in cell culture medium. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932998 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 13:56:04 +0100 3932998 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932997&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F3%2F251%3Frss%3D1 Adverse reactions of oral mucosa to nickel-based dental casting alloys are probably due to corrosion metal ion release. We exposed H400 oral keratinocytes to two Ni-based dental alloys (Matchmate and Dsign10) as well as NiCl 2 (1—40 µg/mL Ni2+). Alloy derived Ni2+ media concentrations were determined. Direct culture on both alloys resulted in inhibited growth with a greater effect observed for Dsign10 (higher ion release). Indirect exposure of cells to conditioned media from Dsign10 negatively affected cell numbers (~64% of control by 6 days) and morphology while Matchmate-derived media did not. Exposure to increasing NiCl2 negatively affected cell growth and morphology, and the Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) transcript was significantly up-regulated ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932997 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 13:56:04 +0100 3932997 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932996&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F3%2F235%3Frss%3D1 In this study, a new trimethacrylate monomer ,,'-tri[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloyloxy-propoxy)phenyl]-1-ethyl-4-isopropylbenzene (,,'-THMPEIB) with a molecular weight of 850 and a large molecular volume was designed and synthesized. The structure of monomer ,,'-THMPEIB was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Degree of double-bond conversion, volume shrinkage, water sorption and solubility, diffusion coefficient value, and flexure strength of ,,'-THMPEIB/tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate- (TEGDMA) based resin were measured. 2,2-Bis[4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloyloxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propane (bis-GMA)/TEGDMA monomer mixture was used as reference. The result showed that the ,,'-THMPEIB/TEGDMA-based resin had the lower double-bond conversion, polymerization shrinkage, and water... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932996 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 13:56:04 +0100 3932996 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932995&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F3%2F217%3Frss%3D1 In this study we investigate the potential of femtosecond laser generated micrometer sized spike structures as functional surfaces for selective cell controlling. The spike dimensions as well as the average spike to spike distance can be easily tuned by varying the process parameters. Moreover, negative replications in soft materials such as silicone elastomer can be produced. This allows tailoring of wetting properties of the spike structures and their negative replicas representing a reduced surface contact area. Furthermore, we investigated material effects on cellular behavior. By comparing human fibroblasts and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells we found that the influence of the material was cell specific. The cells not only changed their morphology, but also the cell growth was affected. W... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932995 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 13:56:04 +0100 3932995 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3932994&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F3%2F195%3Frss%3D1 The use of bone grafts is an essential component in spinal fusion. Autologous bone has been shown to result in long-term stable arthrodesis between spinal motion segments. However, autograft can be associated with significant morbidity and a limited supply. Alternatives, such as allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM), are a potential source and supplement to autograft bone. The current study compares the ability of a DBM product (BioSet® RT) and a coralline hydroxyapatite (Pro Osteon® 500R), for inducing spinal fusion in a rabbit model. BioSet® RT, alone or in combination with autograft, and Pro Osteon® 500R were implanted in the posterior lateral inter-transverse process region of the rabbit spine. The spines were evaluated at 18 weeks for fusion of the L4—L5 tra... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3932994 Fri, 03 Sep 2010 13:56:04 +0100 3932994 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3854449&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F2%2F179%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to investigate whether it is the chloride or the hydrophilicity properties of the anodized titanium, which is effective against the oral bacteria. Titanium plates are anodized in various electrolytes with or without chloride and are characterized. Then the survival of Streptococcus mutans on each specimen is evaluated. The results demonstrate that the peroxidation effects of HClO generated from the TiCl3 formed on the titanium surface anodized in various chloride solutions efficiently killed adherent S. mutans on the surface whereas the presence of hydrophilicity alone do not demonstrate antibacterial activity. This method of anodizing titanium surface in a chloride solution may provide a novel strategy for use in orthopedic or dental implant systems. (Source: Journal of Bi... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3854449 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 15:56:31 +0100 3854449 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3854448&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F2%2F161%3Frss%3D1 Sustained intestinal delivery of thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B 1; VB1) and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6; VB6) seems to be a feasible alternative to existing therapy. The vitamins (VB1/VB6) intercalated in montmorillonite (MMT) and intercalated VB1/VB6-MMT hybrid is further used for synthesis of VB1/VB6-MMT-alginate nanocomposite beads by gelation method and in vitro release in the intestinal environment. The structure and surface morphology of the synthesized VB1/VB 6-MMT hybrid, VB1/VB6-alginate and VB1/VB 6-MMT-alginate nanocomposite beads were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA and SEM. In vitro release experiments revealed that the VB1/VB 6 releases suddenly from VB1/VB6-MMT hybrid and is pH dependent. The controlled release of VB1/VB6 from VB1/VB6-MMT-alginate nanocomposite ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3854448 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 15:56:31 +0100 3854448 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3854447&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F2%2F145%3Frss%3D1 Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene cups, 22 mm in diameter, were aged for 5 years in the normal laboratory environment. Half of the samples had been processed by the standard radiation sterilization techniques, while the remainder had been cross-linked by a technique involving higher radiation doses and controlled temperature at the time of irradiation. The samples had been tested in a hip simulator for 5,000,000 cycles using a lubricant that had been diluted 1:1 with deionized water. Once that testing was completed, further testing was conducted using lubricant with greater and lesser serum protein concentrations, and the results compared with those that had already been recorded. Comparison of the wear rates within the study as well as to published data concerning the effect of ser... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3854447 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 15:56:31 +0100 3854447 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3854446&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F2%2F119%3Frss%3D1 Sulfobetaine-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) systems were created by physically entrapping the zwitterionic species on the PET surface. The presence of the sulfobetiane molecules on these surfaces were verified by ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDAX analysis, while wettability of the films was investigated by water contact angle measurements. The blood compatibility of the modified films was evaluated by platelet adhesion in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The adhesion and inflammatory response of Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were studied. The surface induced cellular inflammatory response was determined by quantifying the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines namely TNF- and IL-1β by measuring their mRNA profiles in the cells using real time polymerase chain reaction nor... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3854446 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 15:56:31 +0100 3854446 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3854445&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F2%2F99%3Frss%3D1 In this study, glass granules with a bioactive composition were used as the blasting source to improve the surface bioactivity and biocompatibility of a Ti substrate. Bioactive glass particles with a composition of 70SiO 2 · 25CaO · 5P2O5 were prepared using a sol—gel method. A Ti disc was blasted with glass particles using a dental blasting unit (BG-Ti). A Ti disc blasted with commercial spherical-shaped glass (G-Ti) and a disc without blasting (Ti) were also prepared for comparison. The blasted Ti contained a large number of glass particles after the blasting process. The surface roughness of the samples in ascending order was G-Ti>BG-Ti>Ti. Murine-derived preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were seeded on the samples, and the cell growth, differentiation, and mineralizat... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3854445 Tue, 10 Aug 2010 15:56:31 +0100 3854445 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729775&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F1%2F75%3Frss%3D1 After extensively expanding in monolayer culture, the cultured chondrocytes become quiescent. The aim of this study was to establish the hypothesis that the phenotypic function of extensively expanded primary chondrocytes may be restored with extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions with or without growth factors. The restoring effects of these microenvironmental factors on the near quiescent passage 9 (P9) chondrocyte were investigated. The data showed that exogenous type I collagen and type II collagen at 1:1 ratio stimulate cell proliferation greatly while type II collagen alone was enough to revive most of cartilaginous functions of near quiescent P9 chondrocytes. Exogenous type II collagen by itself was more effective in restoring cell proliferation rate, elevating glycosaminoglycan (G... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729775 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 13:44:31 +0100 3729775 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729774&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F1%2F57%3Frss%3D1 Two different types of carbon coatings for cardiovascular applications were characterized both as regards to their physico-chemical properties and blood compatibility upon contact with human plasma and platelets. The samples were analyzed by means of a wide range of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle goniometry, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Multiple tests have been performed to evaluate plasma protein adsorption and platelets adhesion and activation, and to investigate possible correlations between the surface properties of the materials and their blood compatibility. We proposed a similar mechanism of blood/material interaction for the carbon-based materials tested. It has been suggested that the cha... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729774 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 13:44:31 +0100 3729774 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729773&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F1%2F39%3Frss%3D1 The effects of hardystonite (Ca2ZnSi2O7, CSZn) and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were compared by directly culturing MSCs on ceramic disks (contact mode) or separately culturing cells with ceramic disks (non-contact mode). In non-contact mode, the CSZn ceramic supported MSC proliferation more strongly than did the β-TCP ceramic. However, in contact mode, the MSCs proliferated more quickly on the β-TCP ceramic than they did on the CSZn ceramic. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and osteogenic gene expression analysis showed that the CSZn and β-TCP ceramics had significant effects on the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in both non-contact and... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729773 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 13:44:31 +0100 3729773 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729772&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F1%2F19%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we observed the biological response of osteosarcoma cells to two kinds of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Nano HA), NanoHA-S and NanoHA-L. These nanospheres have the same crystallinity (phase) and morphology, but they differ in size. Cells treated with two kinds of Nano HA were inhibited and mainly led to apoptotic cell death. Caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway plays a role. It was interesting that the suppression and the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was directly related to the size of nanoparticles and that the larger-sized Nano HA exhibited more effectiveness than the smaller one. This in vitro study suggested the potential of size-controlled calcium phosphate nanoparticles for use in therapeutic replacement and reconstruction of bone merits after osteosarcom... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729772 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 13:44:31 +0100 3729772 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3729771&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F25%2F1%2F3%3Frss%3D1 This article is aimed at reviewing the studies conducted so far using viral and nonviral gene delivery approaches to achieve periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3729771 Tue, 06 Jul 2010 13:44:31 +0100 3729771 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573590&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F8%2F751%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the bone scintigraphic methodology, although exhibiting less quantitation and resolution, would be applicable as a non-invasive, highly sensitive methodology in detecting the initial, microscopic changes associated with mineralization. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573590 Tue, 18 May 2010 11:20:43 +0100 3573590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573589&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F8%2F733%3Frss%3D1 The properties of scaffolds and their roles in regulating functions of tissue cells are considered to be of utmost importance in the successful recovery of damaged tissues. Herein, novel scaffolds of collagen and bioactive inorganic nanofiller were produced for bone tissue engineering. In addition, the in vitro responses of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) on these scaffolds were investigated. Glasses with bioactive compositions were prepared in nanofibrous form and homogenized with a collagen to produce hybridized porous scaffolds. The glass fibrous filaments with diameters of a few hundred nanometers were embedded well within the collagen network, characterizing a typical nanocomposite. The scaffolds showed the characteristics of a hydrogel with remarkable water uptake and swell... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573589 Tue, 18 May 2010 11:20:43 +0100 3573589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573588&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F8%2F713%3Frss%3D1 Dynamic mechanical properties under three-point bending and deformation behavior under indentation loading of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were investigated in this study. Dependence of its viscoelastic properties on temperature, frequency, load level, specimen geometry and heating rates were examined. The results showed that temperature and frequency had significant effects on the response of UHMWPE to the dynamic load. With the increase in temperature, the storage modulus (E') was decreased and the loss angle (tan ) was increased, indicating an increase in the trend in viscoelastic response of the polymer at high temperature. On the other hand, when frequency was increased, higher E' and lower tan were observed, suggesting that the material behaved more elastically... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573588 Tue, 18 May 2010 11:20:43 +0100 3573588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573587&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F8%2F693%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this research study is the preparation and characterization of graded glass—ceramic scaffolds that are able to mimic the structure of the natural bone tissue, formed by cortical and cancellous bone. The material chosen for the scaffolds preparation is a glass belonging to the system SiO 2—P2O5—CaO—MgO—Na 2O—K2O (CEL2). The glass was synthesized by a conventional melting—quenching route, ground, and sieved to obtain powders of specific size. The scaffolds were fabricated using different methods: polyethylene burn-off, sponge replication, a glazing-like technique, and combinations of these methods. The scaffolds were characterized through morphological observations, density measurements, volumetric shrinkage, mechanical tests, and in vitro... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573587 Tue, 18 May 2010 11:20:43 +0100 3573587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3573586&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F8%2F675%3Frss%3D1 In the present work, we have investigated platelet microparticle (PMP) generation in whole blood after contact with nanoporous alumina. Alumina membranes with pore sizes of 20 and 200 nm in diameter were incubated with whole blood and the number of PMP in the fluid phase was determined by flow cytometry. The role of the complement system in PMP generation was investigated using an analog of the potent complement inhibitor compstatin. Moreover, the procoagulant activity of the two pore size membranes were compared by measuring thrombin formation. Results indicated that PMP were not present in the fluid phase after whole blood contact with either of the alumina membranes. However, scanning electron microscope micrographs clearly showed the presence of PMP clusters on the 200 nm pore size alu... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3573586 Tue, 18 May 2010 11:20:43 +0100 3573586 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390611&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F657%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, we suggested that CaTiO3-aC could be considered as an important candidate as a coating material. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390611 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390610&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F639%3Frss%3D1 This study provides evidence that both BioSet® RT and ProOsteon® 500R are biocompatible and able to induce new bone formation as measured in this rabbit model. In addition, this in vivo study demonstrates the ability of BioSet ® RT to induce new bone formation in a shorter timeframe than ProOsteon ® 500R. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390610 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390609&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F625%3Frss%3D1 In this study, chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogels were prepared, characterized and the biocompatibility for culturing mice bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on 2D films and within 3D hydrogel were investigated. The gelation temperature and biocompatibility could be modulated by addition hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) to chitosan—glycerophosphate (CH—GP) formulation. The CH—GP—HEC liquid solution can turn into gel at body temperature and has highly compatible with BMSC. Therefore, the CH—GP—HEC gel could be used as an attractive injected in-situ forming scaffold for future applications of delivering biologically active therapeutics for tissue engineering filed. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390609 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390608&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F607%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we compared ectopic bone formation by combining autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) with an osteoinductive and a nonosteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic to create a tissue engineering construct in the muscle of dogs. Two groups of BCP scaffolds (BCP1 and BCP2) were prepared. In each group, ADSCs were seeded, and the scaffolds without seeded cells served as controls. All implants were implanted in the back muscle of 10 adult dogs for 8 weeks and 12 weeks. Microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) analysis and histomorphometry were performed to evaluate and quantify ectopic bone formation. The results indicated that the osteoinductive BCP1 performed significantly better compared to the nonosteoinductive BCP2 in cell-based TE bone formation ectopically... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390608 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390608 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390607&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F591%3Frss%3D1 Human tympanic membrane cells (hTMCs), harvested from tympanic membrane (TM) explants, were grown in culture and then seeded on membranes prepared from silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk fibroin (BMSF) and on tissue-culture plastic membranes (PET). Fibroin was isolated from silk cast into membranes with a thickness of 10—15 µm. The hTMCs were cultured on both materials for 15 days in a serum-containing culture medium. The cells grown on both substrata were subjected to nuclear staining (DAPI) and counted. Further, the cultures were immunostained for a number of protein markers related to the epithelial/keratinocyte phenotype and cell adhesion complexes. The BMSF membranes supported levels of hTMC growth higher than that observed on the PET membranes. The immunofluorochemical analysis ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390607 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390607 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3390606&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F7%2F579%3Frss%3D1 Fatigue testing for twelve SG tubular fabrics with various textile parameters was performed under pulsatile pressure by an Accelerated fatigue tester. Two time points as of 0, and 1 x 108 cycles were selected. The percentage change of tubular diameter, fabric count, porosity, and water permeability before and after the fatigue testing were used to characterize the fatigue performance. Bursting work was used to indicate fatigue. The mathematical model of quantification theory I was used to analyze the influence of various textile parameters on the fatigue performance of SG tubular fabric. It was found that with the increase of fatigue time, bursting work decreased, and the predicting results by quantification theory I for the fatigue resistance were relatively accurate and the contribution ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3390606 Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:18:37 +0100 3390606 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243635&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F6%2F555%3Frss%3D1 In this study, four invert PBG formulations (in the system P2O5—CaO—MgO—Na 2O) were produced with fixed phosphate and calcium content at 40 and 25 mol%, respectively. MgO was added at 10—30 mol% in place of Na 2O and the maximum divalent cation to phosphate ratio obtained was 1.375. Thermal analyses showed a linear increase in Tg with increasing MgO content. This was proposed to be due to an increase in the cross-link density of the glass network, which also improved the chemical durability of the glass. EDX analyses were also conducted to verify the final composition of the glass. XRD analyses confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses investigated. Rapid quenching of the Mg30 glass revealed a degree of surface crystallization, which was shown to be a CaMgP2O7 p... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243635 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:13:41 +0100 3243635 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243634&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F6%2F545%3Frss%3D1 In this study, using a rat model, the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel as an intestinal fistula repair agent was investigated. Twenty rats underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia. The antimesentric portion of the cecum was incised (1 cm) and sutured to the abdominal wall. Chitosan hydrogel was applied daily to the fistula until it was completely closed. Blood samples taken from all animals were analyzed. After sacrifice, the cecum was removed and histopathologic investigation was performed. Spontaneous closure of the intestinal fistula was observed in all animals for both the control and chitosan hydrogel groups. Healing in the chitosan hydrogel group healing was faster than that in the control group. Blood analysis revealed significant differences between the chitosan hydrogel and... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243634 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:13:41 +0100 3243634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243633&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F6%2F527%3Frss%3D1 Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was surface modified by plasma polymerization of acetobromo--D-glucose (ABG) at different radio frequency (RF) powers. Plasma polymerization was carried out by vaporizing ABG in the powder form by heating at 135°C. Surface modification resulted in improved hydrophilicity and smoothness of the surface especially at low RF powers (30—50 W), but at high RF powers, the surface was found to be etched and the hydrophilicity decreased as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The plasma polymerized ABG film was found to be extensively cross-linked as evidenced by its insolubility in water. Infra red (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to characterize the plasma polymerized ABG films. IR stu... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243633 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:13:41 +0100 3243633 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243632&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F6%2F503%3Frss%3D1 A series of cellulose/soy protein isolate (SPI) sponges was prepared using a freeze-drying process. The effect of the SPI content on the structure of the sponges was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It showed that the sponges were porous in structure, and that the size of the pores increased and the thickness of the pore walls decreased as the SPI content of the sponges increased. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of the sponges were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The cell culture experiment and SEM observations showed that L929 fibroblast cells grew and spread well on the surface and cross-section of the composite sponges. The results from MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoly1]-2,... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243632 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:13:41 +0100 3243632 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243631&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F6%2F483%3Frss%3D1 In this study GPCs based on Sr-Ca-Zn-SiO 2 glasses and low molecular weight PAA were evaluated for orthopaedic luting applications. GPCs based on four different glasses; BT100 (0.16CaO, 0.36ZnO, 0.48SiO2), BT101 (0.04SrO, 0.12CaO, 0.36ZnO, 0.48SiO 2), BT102 (0.08SrO 0.08CaO, 0.36ZnO, 0.48SiO2) and BT103 (0.12SrO 0.04CaO, 0.36ZnO, 0.48SiO2) and two PAAs (MW; 12,700 and 25,700) were examined. These cement formulations exhibited handling properties potentially suitable for luting applications as well as mechanical strengths which were similar to those of trabecular bone. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid, the GPCs showed sustained growth of a calcium phosphate layer on the surface of the cement indicating that these cements were bioactive in nature. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Appli... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243631 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:13:41 +0100 3243631 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243641&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F24%2F5%2F475%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243641 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243641 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243640&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F5%2F453%3Frss%3D1 Resin luting agents in which bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) are replaced with increasing amounts of bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate are prepared. Degree of conversion (DC), diametral tensile strength (DTS), Young’s modulus (YM), Knoop hardness (KHN), film thickness (FT), water sorption (Wsp ), and solubility are evaluated. Regression analyses investigate the substitution of each monomer. The most appreciable differences are detected when TEGDMA is replaced: decreased DC, DTS, and Wsp, and increased YM, KHN, and FT. For substitution of Bis-GMA, the only significant differences are reduced Wsp and increased YM. An ideal formulation of resin cement would make use of the three monomers. (Source: Journal of Biomateria... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243640 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243640 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243639&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F5%2F437%3Frss%3D1 This study evaluates the influence of polymer coatings on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) in vitro, in terms of morphology, cell number, and phenotype. It was demonstrated that the polymer coatings can be tailored to enhance adhesion and growth of HAECs whilst suppressing that of HCASMCs. It is concluded that one of the polymer coatings (BTL 01015) shows potential as a stent coating to enhance re-endothelialization. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243639 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243639 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243638&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F5%2F419%3Frss%3D1 We have developed a novel glass-ionomer cement system composed of multi-arm poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)s. These polyacids were synthesized via a chain-transfer polymerization reaction using newly synthesized multi-arm chain-transfer agents. The cements formulated with the multi-arm polyacids showed significantly lower viscosities in water as compared to those formulated with the linear polyacids. Due to the lower viscosities, the MW of the polyacids can be significantly increased for enhanced mechanical strengths, while keeping the ease of mixing and handling. The experimental cements showed significantly improved compressive strengths as compared to Fuji II after aged in water for 3 months. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243638 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243638 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243637&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F5%2F401%3Frss%3D1 Porous scaffolds play an integral role in many tissue-engineering approaches, and the ability to improve vascularization, without eliciting an excessive inflammatory response, would constitute an important step towards achieving long-term healing and function of devices made from these materials. After having previously optimized the dimensional requirements of the well-defined pores, the present study aimed at a further shift from inflammation to vascularization via surface immobilization with heparin. Porous polyurethane disks were produced to contain well-defined pores (147 ± 2 µm) with abundant interconnecting windows (67 ± 2 µm). After heparinization via copolymer grafting and amination to contain 32 µg of heparin, the modification appeared as a uniform... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243637 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3243636&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F5%2F387%3Frss%3D1 Allograft tissues are used in over one million musculoskeletal procedures per year. Consequently, it is crucial tissue banks use procedures to militate against allograft associated bacterial and viral infections. Recent studies have identified an important pathogen inactivation technology for musculoskeletal allografts that utilizes high-dose gamma irradiation (50 kGy) under controlled conditions. A total dose of 50 kGy assures that the current standard for medical devices for a microbial sterility assurance level of 10— 6 is met. Furthermore, the pathogen inactivation technology results in a greater than four log inactivation of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. Efficacious clinical outcome from musculoskeletal allografts exposed to this innovative sterilization procedure will req... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3243636 Thu, 04 Feb 2010 17:00:37 +0100 3243636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2920096&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F4%2F353%3Frss%3D1 The aim of the present work is the synthesis and characterization of polymer materials showing good adhesion, drug loading, and delivery properties, for potential cardiovascular application. In particular, poly(methylmethacrylate-co-acrylic acid) copolymers are prepared in different compositions by a radical polymerization and investigated as potential materials to coat metallic stents and to carry out a local drug release. Films obtained by dissolving the copolymer in an appropriate organic solvent (also loaded with an anti-restenosis drug, such as tacrolimus) are investigated: physicochemical properties, adhesiveness to metallic stent material, and kinetics of drug release in physiological environment are studied. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2920096 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 11:11:35 +0100 2920096 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2920095&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F4%2F343%3Frss%3D1 This study concludes that an 8-h cryoprotectant incubation time is detrimental to qualitative allogeniec tibialis posterior tendon properties. Both groups tended to improve with longer rehydration times, however the 8-h incubation group remained actively dehydrated as evidenced by its smaller diameter and poorer tissue handling properties. Suboptimally rehydrated tendons would be more likely to accrue damage during allograft preparation or during implantation. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2920095 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 11:11:35 +0100 2920095 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2920094&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F4%2F327%3Frss%3D1 We examine the osteogenicity of a sponge biomaterial consisting of a biodegradable mixture of gelatin and β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) that bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) in critical-sized bone defects in rats. Gelatin-βTCP sponges containing either phosphate buffered saline or incorporating BMP-2 are implanted into 5 mm diameter bone defects created in rat mandibles. We assess the defects biweekly for 8 weeks following implantation. There is significantly higher osteoinductive activity and significantly more Gla-osteocalcin content at bone-defect healing sites treated with gelatin-βTCP sponges incorporating BMP-2 than there is in those treated with sponges that did not contain BMP-2. Histologically, new bone that contains bone marrow and that is connected ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2920094 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 11:11:35 +0100 2920094 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2920093&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F4%2F309%3Frss%3D1 PLGA and PLA microparticles entrapping insulin are prepared by solvent evaporation method and are evaluated in diabetes-induced rat for its efficacy in maintaining blood sugar level from a single intramuscular dose. In vitro release of insulin from PLGA and PLA microparticles are 75.35 ± 1.73% and 67.536 ± 2.23%, respectively in 168 h (7 days). Released insulin from polymer particles are mostly in monomeric form without aggregation. Optimal use of stabilizers during particle formulation helps in reducing protein denaturation and thus results in stabilized insulin-loaded polymer particles. Intramuscular administration of insulin-loaded PLGA (50 : 50) and PLA microparticles (equivalent to 25 IU insulin/kg of animal weight) in alloxaninduced diabetic rats result in 53.86 &plusmn... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2920093 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 11:11:35 +0100 2920093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2920092&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F4%2F293%3Frss%3D1 The role of aluminum in glass-ionomers and resin-modified glass-ionomers for dentistry is reviewed. Aluminum is included in the glass component of these materials in the form of Al2O3 to confer basicity on the glass and enable the glass to take part in the acid—base setting reactions. Results of studies of these reactions by FTIR and magic-angle spinning (MAS)-NMR spectroscopy are reported and the role of aluminum is discussed in detail. Aluminum has been shown to be present in the glasses in predominantly 4-coordination, as well as 5- and 6-coordination, and during setting a proportion of this is converted to 6-coordinate species within the matrix of the cement. Despite this, mature cements may contain detectable amounts of both 4- and 5-coordinate aluminum. Aluminum has been found ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2920092 Fri, 23 Oct 2009 11:11:34 +0100 2920092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2765888&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F3%2F275%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study is to report the effect of Pluronic F-127 on osteoblast viability and phenotype maintenance in vitro. MG-63 cells are suspended in Pluronic F-127, and MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, prostaglandin E2 production, collagen-I, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression are assessed up to 6 days. Pluronic F-127 leads to a significant decrease in osteoblast viability throughout the 6-day experiment, without altering osteoblast phenotype. The addition of platelet-rich plasma to the polymer/cell construct leads to increased cell survival. When supplemented with bioactive factors, Pluronic F-127 could potentially be used as a cell carrier in bone tissue engineering. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2765888 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2765888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2765887&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F3%2F247%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study is the development of a nerve electrode that reorganizes nerve geometry slowly and controllably. The Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE) can reshape the nerve into an elongated oval and provide selective stimulation. However, the rate of closure of this electrode is difficult to control. The Slowly Closing - FINE (SC-FINE) is designed with an opening height larger than the size of the nerve to accommodate initial swelling. The electrode closes slowly to reshape the nerve into the desired flat geometry. The SC-FINE is created by combining the reshaping properties of the FINE and the controllable degradation of Poly (DL lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). Bonding 50/50 or 65/35 PLGA to a stretched FINE increased the opening heights (OH) on average from 0.1 mm to 1.66... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2765887 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2765887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2765886&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F3%2F231%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the effects of wollastonite on proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) have been investigated based on a polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV)/ wollastonite (W) composite scaffolds system. Cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were measured. The results showed that the incorporation of wollastonite benefited hBMSCs adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation rate. In addition, an increase of proliferation and differentiation rate was observed when the wollastonite content in the PHBV/W composite scaffolds increased from 10 to 20 wt%. Based on our previous studies on PHBV/W composite discs, the differentiation measurements in this paper further proved that the wollastonite itself can stimulate the hBMSCs to ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2765886 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2765886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2765885&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F3%2F209%3Frss%3D1 In this study, three chitosan/polycation composite membranes for guided bone regeneration are produced by blending chitosan with poly-L-lysine, polyethyleneimine, and poly-L-ornithine. For all composite membranes, the surface characteristics including surface topography, chemistry, and wettability are examined by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle assay. Their cytocompatibility is also evaluated with MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells at cell, protein, and gene levels through cell biology assays, western blot, and RT-PCR analysis. On chitosan/poly-L-lysine composite membrane, MC3T3-E1 cells present well-developed cytoskeletal organization and significantly higher adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation than those on chitosan and the other two comp... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2765885 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2765885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2765884&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F3%2F197%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this work is to study the biochemical effect in liver and kidney 2, 14, and 28 days after applying different tissue adhesives. In a prospective longitudinal study, 20 adult rats are assigned to two groups. After making incisions in the buccal mucosa, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is applied to the first group and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (OCA) to the second. The biochemical parameters studied are: albumin (ALB), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT), amylase (AMY), total bilirubin (TBI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), glucose, globulin, total proteins (TP), and the ions calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium. The group treated with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate shows no statistically significant differences with respect to the control, but OCA produces statistically significant... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2765884 Thu, 03 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2765884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757614&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F175%3Frss%3D1 The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of a mouse middle ear model for testing ossicular replacement materials. Twenty-four BALB/c mice are implanted with the bioglass-ceramic Bioverit® II which is coated with a silica-nanostructure or with plain Bioverit® II as a control. After 2, 6, and 12 weeks, 4 mice per group are sacrificed and both complete petrous bones are analyzed histologically. All implants revealed in situ an incipient growth of thin connective tissue layers over the surface, followed by a spreading of epithelial cells. The osseogenic response which is increasing with time is more intense in the coated Bioverit ® II specimens. The absence of inflammatory cells suggests an excellent biocompatibility of the silica nano structure. As the results ar... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757614 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757614 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757613&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F159%3Frss%3D1 This study was conducted to determine if a novel cleaning process could extract antigenic material from bovine bone thereby improving incorporation. Cleaned bovine xenograft, untreated bovine xenograft and sheep allograft were implanted into the tibia of mature sheep for 12 and 24 weeks. Inflammation, bone integration and immunological reactions were evaluated via standardized assays. Cleaned bovine bone dowels induced significantly lower inflammatory responses (p<50.05) when compared to traditionally processed xenograft. Bone integration, measured by in situ biomechanics, was not different between cleaned bovine bone and allograft controls (p = 0.96). A transient antibody response was observed for non-treated xenografts although this response abated by 3 months. (Source: Journal of Bio... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757613 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757613 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757612&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F139%3Frss%3D1 CaSiO3 (CS) ceramics have been regarded as a potential bioactive material for bone regeneration. Mg2SiO4 (M2S) ceramic has been reported as a novel bioceramic with higher mechanical properties and good biocompatibility recently. β-Ca2(PO4) 2 (β-TCP) ceramic is a well-known bioactive and degradable material for bone repair. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the effect of three bioceramics with different chemical composition on the in vitro degradation, apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility. The degradation was evaluated through the activation energy of Si or P ion released from ceramics and the weight loss of the ceramics in TrisHCl buffer solution. Formation of bone-like apatite on different bioceramic surfaces was investiga... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757612 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757612 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757611&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F119%3Frss%3D1 In order to improve the homogeneous dispersion of particles in the polymeric matrix, 45S5, mesoporous 58S, and 58S bioactive glasses were surface modified by esterification reactions with dodecyl alcohol at reflux temperature of 260°C (named as m-45S5, m-mesoporous 58S, and m-58S, respectively). The modified particles showed better hydrophobicity and longer time of suspension in organic matrix. The PDLLA/bioactive glass composite films were fabricated using surface modified bioactive glass particles through solvent casting-evaporation method. Surface morphology, mechanical property, and bioactivity were investigated. The results revealed that the inorganic particle distribution and tensile strength of the composite films with modified bioactive glass particles were significantly improv... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757611 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757611 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757610&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F105%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we fabricate bioactive composites in which polyetheretherketone is reinforced with 0—50 vol% 30CaO · 70SiO2 (CS) microspheres. The prepared composites reinforced with CS particles form hydroxyapatite on their surfaces in simulated body fluid. The induction periods of hydroxyapatite formation on the composites decrease with increasing amount of CS particles. The mechanical properties of the composites are evaluated by three-point bending test. The composites reinforced with 20 vol% CS particles show 123.5 MPa and 6.43 GPa in bending strength and Young’s modulus, respectively. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757610 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757610 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2757609&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F2%2F89%3Frss%3D1 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C-Graft particles on formation of new cementum and bone in periodontal bone defects in dog. Healing and tissue change were histologically determined at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Little bone or cementum formation was observed in the control group. A statistically significant increase in bone and cementum formation was seen in the C-Graft group compared to the control group (75.4% vs. 44.9%, p<50.01, 80.4% vs. 46.7%, p<50.05, respectively). These findings suggest that C-Graft particles provide a scaffold for the regeneration of new bone and cementum. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2757609 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2757609 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552960&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F1%2F65%3Frss%3D1 Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been extensively investigated as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as drug delivery agents, as non-viral gene carriers, as prosthetic coatings, and composites. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated the immunoadjuvant properties of HA when administered with malarial merozoite surface protein-119 (MSP-119). HA nanoceramic carrier was prepared by co-precipitation method that comprises of sintering and spray-drying technique. Prepared systems were characterized for crystallinity, size, shape, and antigen loading efficiency. Small size and large surface area of prepared HA demonstrated good adsorption efficiency of immunogens. Prepared nanoceramic formulations also showed slower in vitro antigen release and slower biodegrability behavior, which may lead to a prol... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552960 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2552960 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552959&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F1%2F47%3Frss%3D1 The present study was designed to assess and compare with a range of surfactant-coated, nimesulide-free, and nimesulide-loaded ethylcellulose/methylcellulose (EC/MC) nanoparticles that were prepared by varying drug concentration (ED/MD), polymer concentration (EP/MP), and surfactant concentration (ES/MS). EC/MC nanoparticles prepared by desolvation method produced discrete particles and they were characterized by SEM, AFM, and FTIR studies. The particles mean size diameter (nm) ranged from 244 to 1056 nm and 1065 to 1710 nm for EC and MC nanoparticles, respectively. Studies on drug: polymer ratio showed a linear relationship between drug concentration and percentage of loading in nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency decreased with the increase of nimesulide concentration with respec... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552959 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2552959 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552958&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F1%2F31%3Frss%3D1 In this study, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) combined polycarbonate was synthesized by a novel method. The physical and chemical property of the composite was tested. The results indicated the n-HA a crystal has the similar grain size, phase composition and crystal structure as. TEM photos results show the n-HA crystals were uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. Then, the chemical bond between inorganic n-HA and polycarbonate was investigated and discussed. Proliferation of MSCs/composite cultured for up to 11 days the adhesion were tested by MTT and SEM. The in vitro test confirmed that the n-HA/PC composite was biocompatible and no negative effect on MSCs has found. The composite is proved to be osteoconductive, and can stimulate the growth of new bone. These results indicated that t... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552958 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2552958 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552957&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F24%2F1%2F7%3Frss%3D1 Electrospinning has been employed extensively in tissue engineering to generate nanofibrous scaffolds from either natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers to simulate the cellular microenvironment. Electrospinning rapidly produces fibers of the nanolength scale and the process offers many opportunities to tailor the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a material for specific applications and cellular environments. There is growing evidence that nanofibers amplify certain biological responses such as contact guidance and differentiation, however this has not been fully exploited in tissue engineering. This review addresses the cellular interactions with electrospun scaffolds, with particular focus on neural, bone, cartilage, and vascular tissue regeneration. Some aspects of ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552957 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2552957 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2552956&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F24%2F1%2F5%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2552956 Sun, 28 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2552956 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397846&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F561%3Frss%3D1 A range of calcium—strontium—zinc—silicate glass grafts are developed. Following characterization, their ability to form an apatite layer in simulated body fluid (SBF) is evaluated. Concurrently, their in vivo biocompatibility is determined. These glasses are incapable of forming an apatite layer in SBF. However, in vivo, each glass is well tolerated with new bone formation apparent in close apposition to implanted particles and no evidence of an inflammatory response. Such results are contrary to much of the literature and indicate that forecasting a materials ability to bond to bone based on SBF experiments may provide a false negative result. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397846 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397846 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397845&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F549%3Frss%3D1 Periodontal bone defects and atrophy of the jaws in an aging population are of special concern. Tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and biomaterials may offer new therapeutic options. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the compatibility of ESCs with biomaterials and the influence of biomaterials on the osteogenic gene expression profile.Therefore, ESCs are cultured with various biomaterials. The cytocompatibility of murine ESCs is measured regarding the proliferation of the cells on the materials by CyQUANT ® assay, the morphology by scanning electron microscopy, and the influence on the gene expression by real time PCR.The results show that insoluble collagenous bone matrix, followed by β-tricalciump... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397845 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397845 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397844&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F533%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the mechanical properties and microenviroment of 3D printed poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds are examined. Additionally, the proliferation and differentiation of human fetal osteoblasts are evaluated after 3 weeks of in vitro culture on the scaffolds. The results showed that the PLGA scaffolds examined had mechanical properties similar to that of trabecular bone, but was still much weaker compared to cortical bone. In addition to general porosity, the PLGA scaffolds also had micropores within macropore walls. Cultured human osteoblasts could proliferate upon seeding on the PLGA scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteonectin expression of the osteoblasts cultured on the PLGA scaffolds remained stable over three weeks, whilst expression of collagen type ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397844 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397844 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397843&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F519%3Frss%3D1 We investigated synthetic conditions for the fabrication of bioactive hybrid gels from monomers of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) in combination with CaCl2, at a starting molar ratio of HEMA: MPS : CaCl2 of 9 : 1 : 1. Hydroxyapatite formation, essential to show bone bonding, was observed on the HEMA— MPS—CaCl 2 hybrid gels with the added catalysts NH3 or HCl with a molar ratio to MPS of 0.1, but not on the hybrid gel with HCl at a molar ratio to MPS of 1. The mechanical properties of the gels were dependent on the catalysts, which may affect the microstructures that develop during sol—gel processing. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397843 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397843 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397842&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F497%3Frss%3D1 This study reports the effects of treatment with various concentrations of organic solvents for varying time points on matrices of fibroin, a silk protein isolated from the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, which in native form has been extensively used in tissue engineering. Treatment of pure fibroin as well as polyethylene glycol- blended films with 90% organic solvent for 60 min induces optimal surface hydrophobicity and maximum conversion of the secondary structure from random coil to β sheet. Long-term cell viability studies reveal that methanol and isopropanol-treated pure and blended films support cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397842 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397842 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2397841&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F6%2F481%3Frss%3D1 This study aims to construct a hybrid biomaterial by seeding osteoblastic cells into a CaP/PLGA scaffold by a centrifugal force. Constructs are evaluated with respect to potential application in bone tissue engineering. Cells adher, spread, and form a layer of tissue lining the scaffold and are capable of migrating, proliferating, and producing mineralized matrix. We have demonstrated that the centrifugal force is highly efficient for constructing a hybrid biomaterial, which acts similarly to bone explants in a cell culture environment. In this way, these constructs could mimic an autogenous bone graft in clinical circumstances. Such a strategy may be useful for bone tissue engineering. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2397841 Tue, 05 May 2009 04:00:00 +0100 2397841 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220909&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F23%2F5%2F473-b%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220909 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220909 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220906&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F5%2F453%3Frss%3D1 We assess the effects of chemical processing, ethylene oxide sterilization, and threading on bone surface and mechanical properties of bovine undecalcified bone screws. In addition, we evaluate the possibility of manufacturing bone screws with predefined dimensions. Scanning electronic microscopic images show that chemical processing and ethylene oxide treatment causes collagen fiber amalgamation on the bone surface. Processed screws hold higher ultimate loads under bending and torsion than the in natura bone group, with no change in pull-out strength between groups. Threading significantly reduces deformation and bone strength under torsion. Metrological data demonstrate the possibility of manufacturing bone screws with standardized dimensions. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Application... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220906 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220906 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220905&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F5%2F435%3Frss%3D1 In this study, we characterize chitosan derivatives formed using a combination of carboxymethylation and a bimodal molecular weight distribution. Specifically, chitosan is carboxymethylated to a theoretical extent of ~30% as described in our previous work, in which carboxyl groups possessing negative charges are created at a physiological pH. Carboxymethyl chitosan is used to form films and constructs by varying the ratio of high to low molecular weight (MW) while maintaining the mechanical properties of the polymer. The rate of degradation is found to be dependent upon both the carboxymethylation and the ratio of high to low MW polymer, as determined by dry weight loss in lysozyme solution in PBS. Subsequently, biocompatibility is examined to determine the effects of these modifications u... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220905 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220905 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220904&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F5%2F407%3Frss%3D1 In an effort to enhance physical properties of biopolymers (high-density polyethylene, HDPE) in terms of elastic modulus and hardness, various ceramic fillers, like alumina (Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are added, and therefore it is essential to assess the friction and wear resistance properties of HDPE biocomposites. In this perspective, HDPE composites with varying ceramic filler content (upto 40vol%) were fabricated under the optimal compression molding conditions and their friction and wear properties were evaluated against Al2O3 at fretting contacts. All the experiments were conducted at a load of 10 N for duration of 100,000 cycles in both dry as well as simulated body fluid (SBF). Such planned set of experiments has been designed to address three important issues: (a) whether th... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220904 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220904 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2220903&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F5%2F385%3Frss%3D1 Bioresorbable drug-eluting films can be used in many biomedical applications. Examples for such applications include biodegradable medical support devices which combine mechanical support with drug release and antibiotic-eluting film coatings for prevention of bacterial infections associated with orthopedic implants or during gingival healing. In the current study, bioresorbable drug-loaded polymer films are prepared by solution processing. Two film structures are studied: A polymer film with large drug crystals located on its surface (A-type) and a polymer film with small drug particles and crystals distributed within the bulk (B-type). The basic mode of drug dispersion/location in the film (A or B-type) is found to be determined mainly by the process of film formation and depends mainly ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2220903 Fri, 27 Feb 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2220903 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2083285&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F4%2F367%3Frss%3D1 Poly(styrene-block-isobutylene-block-styrene) (`SIBS') is selected for a novel trileaflet heart valve due to its high resistance to oxidation, hydrolysis, and enzyme attack. SIBS is modified using six different phospholipids and its mechanical properties characterized by tensile stress, peel strength, shear strength, contact angle, and surface energy, and then for hemocompatibility by studying the adhesion of fluorescently labeled platelets in a parallel plate chamber under physiological flow conditions. Phospholipid modification decreases SIBS tensile stress (at 45% strain) by 30% and reduces platelet adhesion by a factor of 10, thereby improving its hemocompatibility and its potential use as a synthetic heart valve. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2083285 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2083285 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2083284&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F4%2F347%3Frss%3D1 Chondrocytes have been demonstrated to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli, such as compression, tension, shear force, and hydrostatic pressure. The responses of chondrocytes to mechanical compression have been often studied in vitro with cartilage and chondrocyte/hydrogel systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic compression on gene expression of rabbit chondrocytes which were seeded in elastic polyurethane scaffolds with or without collagen gel encapsulation. Dynamic compression of 20% or 30% strain with 0.1 Hz frequency was applied to the cell-seeded scaffolds for 4, 8, 12, or 24 h, and then the expression of the three genes related to chondrogenic phenotype, type I and II collagens and aggrecan, was analyzed by RT-PCR. We also investigated the gene express... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2083284 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2083284 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2083283&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F4%2F331%3Frss%3D1 The purpose of this study is to develop a novel recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) sustained release scaffold for dental implant osseointegration, and to evaluate the effect of this scaffold on promoting bone formation. RhBMP-2 was encapsulated in the poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) biodegradable microspheres, which were subsequently dispersed in a chitosan/collagen composite scaffold. This rhBMP-2 microspheres-loaded scaffold (S-MB) was compared with a chitosan/collagen scaffold without microspheres that directly encapsulated rhBMP-2 (S-B) in vitro and in vivo. The microstructure of the new scaffold was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The release profile of rhBMP-2 in vitro was measured at interval periods. The effect of rhBMP-2 encapsulated scaffold... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2083283 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2083283 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2083282&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F4%2F311%3Frss%3D1 The potential of guar gum as a film coating material for colon-specific delivery of 5-fluorouracil is evaluated in this study. The guar gum-based multi-unit pellet system is prepared by coating guar gum and pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit FS30D sequentially around drug-loaded non-pareil cores in a fluid-bed coater. The outer Eudragit FS coating protects the system against gastrointestinal environment and dissolves rapidly in distal small intestine, where a lumen pH of over 7 triggers the dissolution of the enteric polymer. The inner guar gum coating works as a time-controlled retardant and offers additional protection of the pellets until it is degraded by microbial enzymes at the proximal colon. In vitro results indicate that guar gum is a feasible coating material to achieve timed and enzy... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2083282 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2083282 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2083281&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F4%2F293%3Frss%3D1 This study has identified a process and conditions which can be used in our stent coating research. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2083281 Tue, 06 Jan 2009 05:00:00 +0100 2083281 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942437&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F23%2F3%2F288%3Frss%3D1 (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942437 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942437 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942436&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F275%3Frss%3D1 In conclusion, the EDC-SC gel can be used as a scaffold to support HUVEC growth, although the integrin-mediated attachment manner differs between the two gels. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942436 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942436 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942435&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F263%3Frss%3D1 Water uptake and water loss have been studied in a commercial resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, Fuji II LC, under a variety of conditions. Uptake was generally non-Fickian, but affected by temperature. At room temperature, the equilibrium water uptake values varied from 2.47 to 2.78% whereas at low temperature (12°C), it varied from 0.85 to 1.18%. Cure time affected uptake values significantly. Water uptake was much lower than in conventional glass-ionomer restorative cements exposed to water vapor. Loss of water under desiccating conditions was found to be Fickian for the first 5 h loss at both 22 and 12°C. Diffusion coefficients were between 0.45 and 0.76 x 10 -7 cm2/s, with low temperature diffusion coefficients slightly greater than those at room temperature. Plotting water ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942435 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942435 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942434&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F247%3Frss%3D1 In this study, the effects of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3 ) solution with different concentrations (10, 15, 20, and 25 wt%) as liquid phase on the setting time and compressive strength of tricalcium silicate bone cements are investigated. The in vitro bioactivity and degradability of the resultant Ca3SiO5-Na2CO3 solution paste was also studied. The results indicate that as the concentration of Na2CO3 solution varies from 0 to 25 wt%, the initial and final setting time of the cement decrease significantly from 90 to 20 min and from 180 to 45min, respectively. After setting for 24 h, the compressive strength of Ca3SiO5-Na2CO3 solution paste reaches 5.1MPa, which is significantly higher than that of Ca 3SiO5-water cement system. The in vitro bioactivity of the cements is investigated by soaking ... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942434 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942434 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942433&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F229%3Frss%3D1 Fluid dynamic environment and scaffold architectures have an important influence on cell growth and distribution inside the scaffold. A porous cylindrical scaffold with a central channel is seeded with the sheep mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this study. Then the cell seeded scaffold is continuously perfused with -MEM medium by a peristaltic pump for 7, 14, and 28 days. Histological study shows that the cell proliferation rates are different throughout the whole scaffolds. The different cell coverage is shown in various positions of the scaffold. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is used to simulate the flow conditions within perfused cell-seeded scaffolds to give insight into the mechanisms of these cell growth phenomena. Relating the simulation results to perfusion experime... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942433 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942433 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942432&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F213%3Frss%3D1 The use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is popular in orthopedics for the fixation of artificial joints with bone. However, it has a major problem with prostheses loosening because of coverage by fibrous tissue after long-term implantation. Recently, a bioactive bone cement has been developed that shows direct bonding to living bone through modification of PMMA resin with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and calcium acetate. The cement is designed to exhibit bioactivity, through incorporation of silanol groups and calcium ions. Thus, it has the potential to form a layer of bone-like hydroxyapatite, which is essential for achieving direct bonding to living bone. This type of modification allows the cement to show spontaneous hydroxyapatite formation on its surfac... Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942432 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942432 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1942431&cid=s_32013_173_f&fid=32013&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjba.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F23%2F3%2F197%3Frss%3D1 Various calcium phosphates are used for bone repair. Although hydroxyapatite (HA) sintered ceramics are widely used due to their osteoconductivity, its bioresorbability is so low that HA remains in the body for a long time after implantation. In contrast, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics show resorbable characters during bone regeneration, and can be completely substituted for the bone tissue after stimulation of bone formation. Therefore, much attention is paid to TCP ceramics for scaffold materials for supporting bone regeneration. This paper reviews bioresorbable properties of calcium phosphate ceramics derived from β-TCP and -TCP. (Source: Journal of Biomaterials Applications) Journal of Biomaterials Applications journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1942431 Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:00:00 +0100 1942431