MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Cancer Epidemiology' source. Sun, 21 Mar 2010 16:49:31 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3365556&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F354257.html Advances have been made in treatment and outcomes for pediatric cancer. However adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have not experienced similar relative improvements. We undertook a study to develop the methodology necessary for epidemiologic cancer research in these age groups. Our goal was to create the Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer (KAYAC) project to create a resource to address research questions relevant to this population. We used a combination of clinic and population-based ascertainment to enroll 111 cases aged 0–39 for this methodology development study. The largest groups of cancer types enrolled include: breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and melanoma. The overall participation rate is 69.8% and varies by age and tumor type. The study included... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3365556 Mon, 15 Mar 2010 16:18:44 +0100 3365556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3363498&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F591753.html This study examines the influence of sex on lymphoma risk in a relevant large animal model. Records for dogs in the Veterinary Medical Database were analyzed from 1964 to 2002. Risk ratios were calculated to evaluate associations between sex, neutering status, and lymphoma occurrence. A total of 14,573 cases and 1,157,342 controls were identified. Intact females had a significantly lower risk of developing lymphoma, Odds Ratio 0.69 (0.63–0.74) with a P<.001. We conclude that there is a sex effect on NHL risk in dogs similar to humans. We hypothesize that the hormone levels of intact females lower the risk of NHL. The possibility of a protective role of endogenous estrogens in the etiology of NHL should be investigated. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology) Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3363498 Sun, 14 Mar 2010 15:51:09 +0100 3363498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3282727&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F242151.html In a population-based case-control study, we explored the associations between 42 polymorphisms in seven genes in this region and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk among Caucasian (364 cases; 380 controls) and African American (95 cases; 103 controls) women. Two TERT region SNPs, rs2075786 and rs2853677, conferred an increased risk of developing NSCLC, especially among African American women, and TERT-rs2735940 was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer among African Americans. Five of the 20 GHR polymorphisms and SEPP1-rs6413428 were associated with a marginally increased risk of NSCLC among Caucasians. Random forest analysis reinforced the importance of GHR among Caucasians and identified AMACR, TERT, and GHR among African Americans, which were also significant using gene-... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3282727 Thu, 18 Feb 2010 16:00:17 +0100 3282727 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3275080&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F182521.html There is uncertainty about risk heterogeneity for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in older patients with advanced cancer and whether patients can be stratified according to VTE risk. We performed a retrospective cohort study of the linked Medicare-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry in older patients with advanced cancer of lung, breast, colon, prostate, or pancreas diagnosed between 1995–1999. We used survival analysis with demographics, comorbidities, and tumor characteristics/treatment as independent variables. Outcome was VTE diagnosed at least one month after cancer diagnosis. VTE rate was highest in the first year (3.4%). Compared to prostate cancer (1.4 VTEs/100 person-years), there was marked variability in VTE risk (hazard ratio (HR) for ma... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3275080 Tue, 16 Feb 2010 16:02:08 +0100 3275080 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3257815&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F354257.html Advances have been made in treatment and outcomes for pediatric cancer. However adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer have not experienced similar relative improvements. We undertook a study to develop the methodology necessary for epidemiologic cancer research in these age groups. Our goal was to create the Kids, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cancer (KAYAC) project to create a resource to address research questions relevant to this population. We used a combination of clinic and population-based ascertainment to enroll 111 cases aged 0–39 for this methodology development study. The largest groups of cancer types enrolled include: breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and melanoma. The overall participation rate is 69.8% and varies by age and tumor type. The study included... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3257815 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 16:12:40 +0100 3257815 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2957961&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F302047.html Radiotherapy exerts part of its antineoplastic effect by generating oxidative stress, therefore genetic variation in oxidative stress-related enzymes may influence survival of rectal cancer patients. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms associated with higher amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exaggerate cytotoxic activity could improve survival after radiotherapy. We followed 114 rectal cancer patients who received radiotherapy for an average of 42.5 months. Associations between genotypes (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1, CAT, MnSOD, MPO and eNOS) and overall survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. As hypothesized, patients carrying low ROS producing eNOS Glu298Asp asparagine allele showed an increased hazard of death compared to homo... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2957961 Wed, 04 Nov 2009 16:11:40 +0100 2957961 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2930104&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F301973.html Retinoblastoma (Rb) is considered to represent the prototype of cancer linked to the sequential loss or inactivation of both alleles of a so-called “tumor suppressor gene”, the Rb1 gene. The pathogenetic mechanism behind this tumor was first hypothesized by Knudson in 1971 and further confirmed by others who identified the Rb1 gene whose loss or inactivation was claimed to be responsible for the disease. However, after about four decades of continuous research in the field of molecular biology, the evidence behind the role of the Rb1 gene in Rb appears to be seriously flawed in the light of epidemiological, biological, and clinical evidences. This editorial summarizes the inconsistencies on this subject. Nevertheless, the molecular biology establishment still adheres to the bia... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2930104 Tue, 27 Oct 2009 15:55:56 +0100 2930104 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2501333&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F791754.html Lynch syndrome is mostly characterized by early-onset colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas. Over 90% of the causal mutations occur in two mismatch repair genes, MSH2 and MLH1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent cancer risk in MSH2 or MLH1 mutation carriers from data of DNA diagnostic laboratories. To avoid overestimation, evaluation was based on the age-dependent proportion of mutation carriers in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of identified mutation carriers. Data from 859 such eligible relatives were collected from 8 centers; 387 were found to have inherited the mutation from their relatives. Age-dependent risks were calculated either using a nonparametric approach for four discrete age groups or assuming a modified Weibull distribution for the dep... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2501333 Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:43:02 +0100 2501333 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467292&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2008%2F298495.html The majority of squamous cell carcinomas of cervix are preceded by visible changes in the cervix, most often detected by cervical smear. As cervical cancer is preceded by long precancerous stages, identification of the high-risk population through detection of DNA ploidy may be of importance in effective management of this disease. Here we attempted to correlate aneuploid DNA patterns and their influence on biological behavior of flow-cytometry analysis of DNA ploidy which was carried out in cytologically diagnosed cases of mild (79), moderate (36), and severe (12) dysplasia, as well as “atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS)” (57) along with controls (69), in order to understand its importance in malignant progression of disease. Cytologically diagnosed dyspla... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467292 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467291&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2008%2F147905.html Apoptotic capacity (AC) in primary lymphocytes may be a marker for cancer susceptibility, and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in apoptotic pathways may modulate cellular AC in response to DNA damage. To further examine the correlation between apoptotic genotypes and phenotype, we genotyped 14 published SNPs in 11 apoptosis-related genes (i.e., p53, Bcl-2, BAX, CASP9, DR4, Fas, FasL, CASP8, CASP10, CASP3, and CASP7) and assessed the AC in response to benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-9,10-diol epoxide (BPDE) in cultured primary lymphocytes from 172 cancer-free subjects. We found that among these 14 SNPs, R72P, intron 3 16-bp del/ins, and intron 6 G>A in p53, −938C>A in Bcl-2, and I522L in CASP10 were significant predictors of the BPDE-induced lymphocytic... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467291 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467290&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2008%2F215809.html Both genetic and epigenetic alterations characterize human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the biological processes that create or select these alterations remain incompletely investigated. Our hypothesis posits that a roughly reciprocal relationship between the propensity for promoter hypermethylation and a propensity for genetic deletion leads to distinct molecular phenotypes of lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we examined promoter hypermethylation of 17 tumor suppressor genes, as a marker of epigenetic alteration propensity, and deletion events at the 3p21 region, as a marker of genetic alteration. To model the complex biology between these somatic alterations, we utilized an item response theory model. We demonstrated that tumors exhibiting LOH at greater than 30% of in... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467290 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467290 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467289&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F791754.html Lynch syndrome is mostly characterized by early-onset colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas. Over 90% of the causal mutations occur in two mismatch repair genes, MSH2 and MLH1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent cancer risk in MSH2 or MLH1 mutation carriers from data of DNA diagnostic laboratories. To avoid overestimation, evaluation was based on the age-dependent proportion of mutation carriers in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of identified mutation carriers. Data from 859 such eligible relatives were collected from 8 centers; 387 were found to have inherited the mutation from their relatives. Age-dependent risks were calculated either using a nonparametric approach for four discrete age groups or assuming a modified Weibull distribution for the dep... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467289 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467288&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2008%2F387423.html Nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in DNA repair genes may be important determinants of DNA damage and cancer risk. We applied a set of screening criteria to a large number of nsSNPs and selected a subset of SNPs that were likely candidates for phenotypic effects on DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). In order to induce and follow DSBR, we exposed panels of cell lines to gamma irradiation and followed the formation and disappearance of γH2A.X foci over time. All panels of cell lines showed significant increases in number, intensity, and area of foci at both the 1-hour and 3-hour time points. Twenty four hours following exposure, the number of foci returned to preexposure levels in all cell lines, whereas the size and intensity of foci remained significantly elevated. We saw no significa... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467288 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2467287&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2Fjournals%2Fjce%2F2009%2F748367.html In conclusion, weight history did affect breast cancer risk. Moreover, smoking appeared to raise the risk, whereas moderate physical activity had a protective effect. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology) Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2467287 Wed, 10 Jun 2009 01:20:15 +0100 2467287 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2338634&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F748367 In conclusion, weight history did affect breast cancer risk. Moreover, smoking appeared to raise the risk, whereas moderate physical activity had a protective effect. (Source: Journal of Cancer Epidemiology) Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2338634 Sat, 18 Apr 2009 17:05:39 +0100 2338634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2256316&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F387423 Nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in DNA repair genes may be important determinants of DNA damage and cancer risk. We applied a set of screening criteria to a large number of nsSNPs and selected a subset of SNPs that were likely candidates for phenotypic effects on DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR). In order to induce and follow DSBR, we exposed panels of cell lines to gamma irradiation and followed the formation and disappearance of γH2A.X foci over time. All panels of cell lines showed significant increases in number, intensity, and area of foci at both the 1-hour and 3-hour time points. Twenty four hours following exposure, the number of foci returned to preexposure levels in all cell lines, whereas the size and intensity of foci remained significantly elevated. We saw no significa... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2256316 Thu, 12 Mar 2009 22:40:10 +0100 2256316 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2249874&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2009%2F791754 Lynch syndrome is mostly characterized by early-onset colorectal and endometrial adenocarcinomas. Over 90% of the causal mutations occur in two mismatch repair genes, MSH2 and MLH1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the age-dependent cancer risk in MSH2 or MLH1 mutation carriers from data of DNA diagnostic laboratories. To avoid overestimation, evaluation was based on the age-dependent proportion of mutation carriers in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of identified mutation carriers. Data from 859 such eligible relatives were collected from 8 centers; 387 were found to have inherited the mutation from their relatives. Age-dependent risks were calculated either using a nonparametric approach for four discrete age groups or assuming a modified Weibull distribution for the dep... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2249874 Mon, 09 Mar 2009 05:41:56 +0100 2249874 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2142069&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F215809 Both genetic and epigenetic alterations characterize human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the biological processes that create or select these alterations remain incompletely investigated. Our hypothesis posits that a roughly reciprocal relationship between the propensity for promoter hypermethylation and a propensity for genetic deletion leads to distinct molecular phenotypes of lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we examined promoter hypermethylation of 17 tumor suppressor genes, as a marker of epigenetic alteration propensity, and deletion events at the 3p21 region, as a marker of genetic alteration. To model the complex biology between these somatic alterations, we utilized an item response theory model. We demonstrated that tumors exhibiting LOH at greater than 30% of in... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2142069 Thu, 29 Jan 2009 16:20:46 +0100 2142069 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1915510&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F147905 Apoptotic capacity (AC) in primary lymphocytes may be a marker for cancer susceptibility, and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in apoptotic pathways may modulate cellular AC in response to DNA damage. To further examine the correlation between apoptotic genotypes and phenotype, we genotyped 14 published SNPs in 11 apoptosis-related genes (i.e., p53, Bcl-2, BAX, CASP9, DR4, Fas, FasL, CASP8, CASP10, CASP3, and CASP7) and assessed the AC in response to benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-9,10-diol epoxide (BPDE) in cultured primary lymphocytes from 172 cancer-free subjects. We found that among these 14 SNPs, R72P, intron 3 16-bp del/ins, and intron 6 G>A in p53, −938C>A in Bcl-2, and I522L in CASP10 were significant predictors of the BPDE-induced lymphocytic... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1915510 Wed, 29 Oct 2008 16:14:11 +0100 1915510 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=1489680&cid=s_37032_54_f&fid=37032&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindawi.com%2FGetArticle.aspx%3Fdoi%3D10.1155%2F2008%2F298495 The majority of squamous cell carcinomas of cervix are preceded by visible changes in the cervix, most often detected by cervical smear. As cervical cancer is preceded by long precancerous stages, identification of the high-risk population through detection of DNA ploidy may be of importance in effective management of this disease. Here we attempted to correlate aneuploid DNA patterns and their influence on biological behavior of flow-cytometry analysis of DNA ploidy which was carried out in cytologically diagnosed cases of mild (79), moderate (36), and severe (12) dysplasia, as well as “atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS)” (57) along with controls (69), in order to understand its importance in malignant progression of disease. Cytologically diagnosed dyspla... Journal of Cancer Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=1489680 Tue, 03 Jun 2008 22:24:00 +0100 1489680