MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 6000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest items from the 'Journal of Clinical Epidemiology' source. Sat, 20 Mar 2010 15:52:11 +0100 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321364&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435610000338%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Clinical and scientific expectation and prediction, in a context of uncertainty, are basic concepts for developing, designing, and performing clinical research. This is reflected in formulating appropriate and promising research hypotheses while also facing the ethical dilemmas related to required equipoise, in estimating prior probabilities, in designing adequate procedures for decision making during studies, and in defining the framework for correctly interpreting the results. Moreover, for the implementation of results in clinical practice, more individualized predictions would be welcome . Given the context of uncertainty, which is in fact the justification of doing the research, these are not easy tasks, and we can always learn from one another's experiences from clinical trials, and ... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321364 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100 3321364 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321363&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543561000051X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321363 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100 3321363 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321362&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543561000048X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321362 Tue, 02 Mar 2010 17:13:22 +0100 3321362 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250337&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003904%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the Meta-analyses and Systematic Review section of this issue, the question addressed is, “Why is individual patient data so rarely used in systematic reviews?” Individual patient data analysis is only used in 2% of published systematic reviews. As van Walraven points out in his commentary, individual patient data have many substantive and methodological advantages including outcome harmonization, analytic harmonization, and exploration of effectiveness variability. The Equity Group of the Campbell and Cochrane Collaborations (www.equity.cochrane.org), for which one of the editors is co-convener, is now encouraging systematic reviewers to analyze the effectiveness differences within different types of disadvantaged groups (e.g., poor, uneducated, out of work, place of residence, soc... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250337 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 16:14:07 +0100 3250337 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250336&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435610000065%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250336 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 16:14:07 +0100 3250336 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250335&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543561000003X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250335 Mon, 08 Feb 2010 16:14:07 +0100 3250335 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250350&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003023%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250350 Mon, 18 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3250350 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250351&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003035%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In their communication, Pambrun et al. comment on the well-known problems of literature-based meta-analysis in general and, especially, on the problem of including duplicate information from different publications in a recent literature-based meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis . (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250351 Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 +0100 3250351 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138557&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002467%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We would like to thank the editors both for the initial invitation to comment on the article by Tleyjeh et al. published in this issue of the journal and for the opportunity to respond to their reply . In our response, we would like to expand upon an important issue raised by Tleyjeh et al.—that of the lack of a uniform and consistent definition of “baseline” time in some observational studies. This issue merits discussion as it potentially affects many observational studies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138557 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:47 +0100 3138557 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138555&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002479%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We would like to thank the editors for the invitation to comment on the article by Tleyjeh et al. published in this issue of the journal . Tleyjeh et al. address the important issue of survivor treatment bias in observational studies and then propose two statistical methods for accounting for this bias. Studies with time-to-event outcomes in which the exposure of interest occurs during the same period during which outcomes occur can be susceptible to survivor treatment bias, also referred to as “immortal time bias” or “time-dependent bias” . (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138555 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:47 +0100 3138555 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138554&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002455%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Adjusting for survivor bias changed the conclusion about the association between valve surgery and mortality in IE. Researchers should be aware of this bias when evaluating observational studies of treatment efficacy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138554 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:46 +0100 3138554 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138550&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003552%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Although the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered as the paradigm for all study design and its methodology is highly crystallized and established, it is and will stay a vital method that is continuously being developed, extended, and improved . At the same time, when a good trial is difficult or not feasible, observational alternatives ask our attention . In this issue of the Journal a number of articles address topics related to credibility and methodology of effectiveness research. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138550 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:46 +0100 3138550 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138549&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003734%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138549 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:46 +0100 3138549 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138548&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003709%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138548 Mon, 04 Jan 2010 15:45:46 +0100 3138548 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321380&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002984%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Foley et al. lamented the fact that allocation concealment is described inadequately in two-thirds of the studies, but the flip side of this is the solace that one can take in knowing that at least allocation concealment is described adequately in one-third of the studies. Of course, Foley et al. also pointed out that allocation concealment continues to be misunderstood by many investigators, and we would like to echo this sentiment. In fact, it seems to be true even more than Foley et al. themselves recognize, and there is a particular irony here, a point to which we will return shortly. Foley et al. considered the reporting of allocation concealment to be adequate “if the authors clearly reported a mechanism through which it could be reasonably ascertained that the investigators ha... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321380 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321380 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250340&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002789%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions based on meta-analyses of randomized trials carry a status of “truth.” Methodological components may identify trials with systematic errors (“bias”). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) evaluates random errors in meta-analysis. We analyzed meta-analyses on laparoscopic vs. small-incision cholecystectomy regarding different outcome measures for the occurrence of type I errors.Study Design and Setting: Using TSA, we calculated the required information size (IS) and the trial sequential monitoring boundaries regarding complications in our Cochrane review with meta-analyses of cholecystectomy. For each outcome, we calculated a low risk of bias heterogeneity-adjusted IS. As a sensitivity analysis, we calculated an a priori heterogeneity-adjusted IS.Results: According to the tria... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250340 Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250340 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321381&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002996%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We would like to thank Drs. Berger and Do for making us aware of Berger's work, which includes approaches for the prevention, detection, and statistical adjustment of the effects of third-order residual selection bias because of lack of concealed allocation (CA) in randomized trials . Having now acquainted ourselves with his work, we believe that our two groups probably share many values and beliefs. At a general level, we share a profound respect for the scientific method, including the necessity of observing proper methodology. More specifically, we share an interest in the problematic issue of CA in clinical trials. And finally, we would likely agree that CA is frequently misunderstood by authors and, by implication, editors and reviewers. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321381 Tue, 08 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321381 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055483&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003357%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The Variance and Dissent series have come to characterize the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology through their excellent and exciting debates over current topics of interest. In this series in this month's issue of the Journal, Peter Austin argues that researchers have relied for too long on using only the odds ratio derived from an adjusted logistic regression model as the measure of treatment effect. He recommends that for dichotomous outcomes, relative risks, relative risk reductions, absolute risk reductions, and the number needed to treat should be used because they are more relevant to clinical decision-making. Bender and Kuss respond to this argument by stating that this approach has been oversimplified by failing to take into account the distinction between observational cohort studi... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055483 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:34:36 +0100 3055483 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055482&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003400%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055482 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:34:36 +0100 3055482 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055481&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003370%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055481 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 15:34:36 +0100 3055481 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321367&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002091%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Dr. Giard effectively summarizes the difficulties a Data Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) faces when deciding whether or not to terminate a trial early. We can comply with the suggested decision matrix by Knottnerus and Spigt, but feel that this matrix should be predefined in the study protocol. Furthermore, we and many others feel that a DSMC should take additional information into account as well. Pocock stated: “Negative stopping decisions cannot simply be based on statistical guidelines. For instance, if negative interim data are in contradiction with previous, more positive evidence, then the quality, extent, and relevance of that evidence will influence one's judgment” . In 2005, the DAMOCLES guidelines on clinical trial data monitoring committees stated: “Statistical issues ... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321367 Fri, 04 Dec 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321367 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321369&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002339%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: This method of belief elicitation for Bayesian priors is feasible, valid, and reliable. It can be considered for application in Bayesian clinical studies. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321369 Thu, 19 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321369 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321373&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002686%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that SRH assesses a broad variety of factors, including physical health status, mental health status, health service/care utilization, and health behaviors, relatively equally across socioeconomic groups, measured as either education or income. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321373 Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321373 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138556&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002480%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes We are grateful to Austin and Platt , who are foremost authorities in the field, for providing a detailed statistical evaluation of our work . These publications provide a platform to launch a much needed discussion of the issues related to time-dependent intervention in propensity score analysis (PSA). (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138556 Fri, 13 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138556 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250349&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002200%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: All tested models are imperfect in these Medicare data, but the multiplicative model performed best. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250349 Mon, 09 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250349 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321372&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002364%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Outpatient diagnosis codes for urticaria found in health insurance claims data are limited in their predictive value to identify same-day vaccine AEs. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321372 Thu, 05 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321372 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321379&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002352%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: When competing risks are independent of the event of interest, only method 1 produced unbiased estimates of the marginal HR, although independence cannot be verified from the data. When competing risks are dependent, method 1 generally produced the least-biased estimates of the marginal HR for the scenarios explored; however, alternative methods may be preferred. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321379 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321379 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321378&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002340%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objectives: (1) To investigate the frequency of cascades of further diagnostic investigations and referrals after abnormal laboratory results in situations of low disease probability; (2) to investigate pretest and posttest determinants; and (3) to describe the cascades that occur.Study Design and Setting: Prospective cohort study in primary care in The Netherlands. Numbers of investigations/referrals were recorded during 6 months of follow-up for 256 patients with normal and abnormal laboratory results. The influences of the reason for ordering tests, interpretation of results, and pretest/posttest disease probability were examined.Results: After receiving the laboratory results, the physicians ordered further investigations for 22 (17.3%) patients with abnormal results and for ... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321378 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321378 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321374&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002042%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Differences in median episode length exist between methods that account for or disregard prescription overlap. These differences are of importance for studies that focus on drug exposure-outcome relationships and could have consequences for epidemiological analysis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321374 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321374 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138553&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002297%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Our response to Paul Shekelle's commentary is more an extension of his thoughts rather than a rebuttal, because we whole-heartedly agree with the points he has raised. Our study was set out to determine the magnitude of bias in a systematically evaluated body of evidence of head-to-head trials . By using data from an existing Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality–sponsored comparative effectiveness review, we tried to simulate a real-world situation in which, even with considerable effort, authors were unable to detect more than one unpublished trial. Given the time and monetary restrictions for many systematic reviews, researchers frequently have to deal with such situations. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138553 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138553 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138551&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002315%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The effect of industry bias in comparative effectiveness reviews might play a lesser role than in systematic reviews of placebo-controlled trials. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138551 Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138551 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321370&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002212%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Triage should be viewed as diagnostic research and would benefit if it would use the available methodology in diagnostic research. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321370 Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321370 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933579&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002923%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the paradigm for effectiveness research, but cannot be applied to all interventions under all circumstances. Therefore, other methodological approaches must also be considered, used, and further developed . One of the nonexperimental approaches of interest is instrumental variable (IV) analysis . In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, Rassen et al. present a tutorial on the concept and methodological profile of IV analysis. In a second article, they demonstrate how IV analysis works using physician prescribing preference as an IV in the field of pharmacoepidemiology, considering its assumptions, potentials, and limitations. We believe these contributions are valuable for readers who want to know more about IV analysis, illustrated b... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933579 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 15:51:32 +0100 2933579 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933578&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003187%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933578 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 15:51:32 +0100 2933578 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933577&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609003151%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933577 Wed, 28 Oct 2009 15:51:32 +0100 2933577 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250343&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002236%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The assumption that the most extreme studies are missing leads to excessively conservative inference in practice for the trim-and-fill method. The Copas selection model appears to be the preferable approach. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250343 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250343 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055486&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002133%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes I would like to thank Drs. Bender and Kuss for their commentary on my recent article and the editors for their invitation to respond to the commentary. I am pleased that there is a growing body of biomedical researchers interested in developing clinically meaningful measures of treatment effect for use in both observational studies and in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with either binary or time-to-event outcomes. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055486 Mon, 19 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055486 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138552&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002303%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The advancement of medical care depends to a large extent on the production of new knowledge, and for studies on the efficacy of drug treatments, this in turn depends mostly on randomized controlled trials. To make informed decisions about the risks and benefits of our available drug therapy options, we need trials that compare alternative ways of treating patients. But trials are expensive to conduct. Even modestly sized trials can easily run over a $1 million to plan, conduct, and analyze. Bigger trials, looking for smaller effect sizes or longer-term outcomes or comparing multiple different treatments, will cost more—potentially much, much more. Where is the money going to come from to support such trials? (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138552 Fri, 16 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138552 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055489&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001905%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: For patient-rated psychometric instruments, 0.5 SD and 1 SEM provide values closest to the anchor-based estimates of MID derived from small change, and the reliable change index for physician-rated clinimetric indices based on moderate change. Lack of consistency across measures suggests that distribution-based approaches should act only as temporary substitutes, pending availability of empirically established anchor-based MID values. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055489 Mon, 05 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055489 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321375&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900208X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Measuring patient's medication use by telephone is an accurate and relatively inexpensive alternative to home-inventory methods, and has merit for use in future studies of older patients' drug use. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321375 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321375 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055488&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002121%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Sequential design is a useful method for optimizing the sample size in pediatric clinical trials and may lead to substantial sample size reductions. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055488 Tue, 29 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055488 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838252&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002832%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838252 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 18:05:06 +0100 2838252 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838251&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002807%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838251 Mon, 28 Sep 2009 18:05:06 +0100 2838251 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250348&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002078%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: We present how a multilevel IRT model can be applied to describe longitudinal dependent vision-related quality-of-life data, while focusing on average and individual effects. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250348 Tue, 22 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321366&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900211X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The objectives of such an analysis include (1) avoiding exposure of further patients to harm if detected in the interim analysis; (2) not continuing exposure of further patients to the trial if unneeded for answering the study question; (3) avoiding unnecessary research costs; (4) providing an answer to the study question as soon as possible. Interim analysis is especially relevant if the tested intervention is invasive, potentially hazardous, burdensome, or expensive, or if the condition or outcome under study represents severe pathology . Another use is when prior knowledge is lacking on the probability of the outcomes and adverse effects of interest in the study population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321366 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321366 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321365&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002108%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The outcome of a therapeutic trial may be frustrating. In a recent Dutch randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, the effects of probiotics were studied to investigate their potential to diminish infectious complications in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis . Desolately, the results of this study were quite contrary to expectations: there was no diminution of infectious complications, and furthermore, patients taking the probiotics had more than double the relative mortality risk. Finally, 33 of the 297 patients included in this trial died with an excess of 15 deaths occurring in the treatment group (). (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321365 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321365 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250345&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002066%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The use of both scales cannot be recommended. They showed considerable floor effects, and their ability to identify medication adherence was inconsistent for nearly every third patient. The power of both scales to predict uncontrolled blood pressure was essentially a chance. The underlying conceptual framework of medication adherence therefore needs to be rethought. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250345 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250345 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055485&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002145%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Our commentary underlines important issues that should be considered when clinically relevant effect measures are estimated from logistic regression by means of the methods recently proposed by Peter Austin. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055485 Fri, 18 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055485 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321376&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001875%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: To determine the validity of proxy reports of physical activity in people with symptoms of cognitive impairment.Study Design and Setting: In the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, a multicenter prospective cohort study, someone close to the participant (proxy) reported exercise levels for people who screened positive for cognitive impairment or were institutionalized (n=2421), some of whom were subsequently diagnosed with cognitive impairment (n=1612) and some of whom were diagnosed as having no cognitive impairment (n=809). The reliability and validity of proxy reports of physical activity were examined by agreement with self-reports of physical activity (intraclass correlation coefficient) and by association with adverse health markers (Mantel–Haenzel χ2) and sur... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321376 Mon, 14 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321376 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781090&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002443%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes As editors of the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, in past years we have been able to publish an increasing number of high-quality, innovative articles on the methodology of clinical epidemiologic research, and on how to report and systematically review it. These articles are very important for improving the quality of research, and many of them have already shown to really make a difference in achieving this. To further support this development, from now on we will briefly highlight the methodological key topics that, in our view, are presented in each issue. It is our hope that this will help you as readers to focus on the topics that would be of most interest to you. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781090 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:40:14 +0100 2781090 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781089&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002546%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781089 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:40:14 +0100 2781089 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781088&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609002510%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781088 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 17:40:14 +0100 2781088 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321377&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001887%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Women with clinical risk factors who undergo screening mammography are more likely recalled for false-positive evaluation without an associated increase in cancer detection. Radiologists and patients with risk factors should be aware of this increased risk of adverse screening events. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321377 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321377 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321371&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001863%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Balance impairment imparts a moderate increase on fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. The type of fall outcome, the length of follow-up, and the balance measurement tool impact the magnitude of the association. Specific balance measurement scales were identified with associations for an increased fall risk, but further research is required to refine recommendations for their use in clinical practice. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321371 Thu, 10 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321371 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055492&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001784%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Conflicting results from RCTs can represent a spectrum of “real” outcomes for specific treatments. Such trials are best evaluated by considering concurrently both the validity of study design as well as the generalizability of patients and interventions involved. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055492 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055492 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055487&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001851%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The tool provides a solid foundation on which to base further discussion of the differential criteria of efficacy–effectiveness trial design. Scale items should be properly operationalized depending on the research question of interest and evaluated for reliability before the scale is used for definitively judging a given study's design or the external validity of its results. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055487 Wed, 09 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055487 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250347&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900184X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Item response theory analyses looked at each item's performance and we can strongly suggest using our modified scale (11 items out of the 16 items), which provides relatively uniform precision of measurement across a wide range of fear of movement in people with arthritis. The item parameters from this study can build a computerized adaptive testing for this scale. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250347 Mon, 07 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933590&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001590%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Disease probability is overestimated when the results of correlated tests are combined. Clinicians must consider the correlation between serial tests when calculating the posttest probability. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933590 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933590 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933587&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001760%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: A network meta-analysis can be used to combine direct and indirect treatment effects in a formal way. Applied to glaucoma medications, it shows that there is a rank order in treatment effects on IOP. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933587 Tue, 01 Sep 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933587 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3321368&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001759%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: We have summarized methods of belief elicitation for Bayesian priors. The validity, reliability, and responsiveness of elicitation methods have been infrequently evaluated. Until comparative studies are performed, strategies to reduce the effects of bias on the elicitation should be used. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3321368 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3321368 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250346&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001772%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Thus, both baseline capacity for behavioral self-regulation and its decline over time predicted mortality in the SLVHAS cohort. These associations may partly be attributed to maintaining the ability for self-care. Understanding how specific forms of impairment contribute to mortality may help identify patients who could benefit from early intervention. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250346 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250346 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250342&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001498%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These results provide specific, evidence-based alternatives to Cohen's generic guidelines, for use in sample-size calculations for the FACT-G and interpretation of the clinical significance of effects measured with FACT-G. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250342 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250342 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250339&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001279%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Meta-analysis of well-designed NRCSs of surgical procedures is probably as accurate as that of RCTs. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250339 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250339 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138562&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001735%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Studies validating one data-collection method against another can be performed successfully even when the number of unique values is small. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138562 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138562 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138559&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001607%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Lack of association of reported trial quality with positive outcome in multivariable analyses suggests that previously observed association of reported study quality with study outcome in univariate analyses may be mediated by other study characteristics, such as study sample size. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138559 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138559 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138558&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001747%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Our findings suggest the need for greater editorial consistency across journals in the reporting of RCTs. Furthermore, there is a need for greater debate about the relative merits of unadjusted vs. adjusted estimates of treatment effect. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138558 Fri, 28 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138558 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781107&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this study (which used data from an earlier study ), I examined the impact on statistical inference of using a standard χ2 test to compare the proportion of successes in the level of a categorical variable that had the highest observed proportion of successes with the proportion of successes in all other levels of the categorical variable combined (we referred to this as the maximal-proportion χ2 test). We found that using a data-driven approach to collapsing a categorical variable resulted in an inflation of the type I error rate when a conventional χ2 test was used. Furthermore, the type I error rate increased with the number of levels of the categorical variable. Our study contributed to the literature highlighting that data-driven methods of analysis can result in incorrect infer... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781107 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781107 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781106&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001589%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Austin and Goldwasser missed a key opportunity to point out that, in fact, it is perfectly valid to use the data to select the cutoff for dichotomization in a 2×k contingency table as long as the proper penalty is paid for doing do. In general, this penalty tends not to be so great, and the approach saves one from having to pretend to know prospectively where the treatment effect will manifest itself maximally. In fact, an adaptive approach can be used whenever any one of several analyses may prove to be the most impressive. One simply computes each P value, selects the lowest among these, and then uses it not as a P value per se but rather as a test statistic for use with a design-based permutation test . The question is how low is this lowest P value relative not to a uniform distribut... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781106 Thu, 20 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781106 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250341&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001292%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Statistical methods can help estimate the accuracy of LTBI tests. Although the specificities were close to their reported values in the literature, the estimates for sensitivities were low; a finding that should be carefully evaluated. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250341 Wed, 19 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250341 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250344&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001280%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Overall, there were high error rates by participants at all experience levels; however, time required for extraction tended to decrease with experience. These results illustrate the need to develop strategies aimed at mastery of data extraction, rather than reliance on previous data extraction experience alone. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250344 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250344 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138564&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001504%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Poor health utility measured by the SF-6D predicted increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women. The present study provides the first evidence of the sensitivity of the SF-6D in predicting mortality in an apparently healthy population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138564 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138564 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138563&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001516%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Retrospectively collected information on lifestyle during pregnancy, birth, and early childhood behavior is sometimes biased, which limits its value in estimating the contribution of early-life adversity to health in later life. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138563 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138563 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138560&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900136X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The shoulder-specific disability measures showed acceptable construct validity and responsiveness with a small but consistent overall advantage for the SPADI. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138560 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138560 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838263&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001267%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Outcome measurement after surgical treatment for spinal disorders has traditionally relied on pre- and posttreatment assessment, measuring change from baseline to follow-up. These assessments assume that patients have the same perspective of their disease, and the same evaluation for their assessment of quality of life (QOL) throughout the recovery process. If the patient's internal standard of measurement were to change, the postoperative assessment must reflect this shift in addition to the actual changes in the level of functioning. Comparisons of pretest with posttest ratings may be confounded by this distortion of the scale, and consequently, an inaccurate interpretation of the effectiveness of the treatment may be obtained. We have previously shown that “response shift” exists in... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838263 Sun, 16 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838263 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138565&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001218%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The increasing likelihood of physicians to report diabetes in Part I reflects the subjectivity of diabetes death certification. There is a need for specific guidelines on death certification of diabetes with cardiovascular conditions, relating to its reporting as an underlying or associated cause. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138565 Fri, 07 Aug 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138565 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838264&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001255%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: As a concept based on health-related research, response shift still remains somewhat a clinical enigma. The clinical vignettes used in this article outline the complexity of clinically understanding the nature of response shift. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838264 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838264 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838260&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900122X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: This study showed that COPD patients experienced a response shift after participating in a self-management program, which resulted in an underestimation of change in physical health. These results suggest that the Oort procedure is more sensitive in detecting a response shift, and that a measurement of response shift is needed before results can be interpreted. Future comparisons with other methods and a control group are needed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838260 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838260 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838255&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001243%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes The article by Schwartz and Sprangers (this issue) is an extremely interesting article that opens the door to a much wider range of inquiry regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL). I am very excited by this work, and I think that it has the potential to spark a much-needed dialogue in the HRQOL field, where methodology has gotten ahead of basic theory and conceptualization. In the spirit of continuing a dialogue started by this important article, I will raise several ideas that I hope will stimulate further dialogue. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838255 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838255 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838254&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001231%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Implications for study design and data-analytic methods, as well as clinical practice are discussed. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838254 Thu, 06 Aug 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838254 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644302&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001528%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Scaled rectangles can easily be formed to show how modeled predicted risk levels and actual occurrence of CVD coincide. Poor discrimination is well illustrated. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644302 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:04:00 +0100 2644302 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644298&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001206%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The reporting on blinding in both trial protocols and publications is often inadequate. We suggest developing international guidelines for the reporting of trial protocols and public access to protocols. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644298 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:04:00 +0100 2644298 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644289&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001954%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644289 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:03:59 +0100 2644289 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644288&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001929%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644288 Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:03:59 +0100 2644288 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781093&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001802%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users.Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realizing these issues, an international group ... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781093 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781093 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781092&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001796%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become increasingly important in health care. Clinicians read them to keep up to date with their field , and they are often used as a starting point for developing clinical practice guidelines. Granting agencies may require a systematic review to ensure there is justification for further research , and some health care journals are moving in this direction . As with all research, the value of a systematic review depends on what was done, what was found, and the clarity of reporting. As with other publications, the reporting quality of systematic reviews varies, limiting readers' ability to assess the strengths and weaknesses of those reviews. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781092 Sun, 26 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781092 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138561&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900119X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Formerly recommended thresholds of relevant change in QOL appear to be unduly low when focusing on the individual patient. A modified criterion is therefore suggested for this case. However, more research is needed for validation and refinement of the proposed criterion. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138561 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138561 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933593&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000626%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The differences between Japanese and UK valuations of the SF-6D make it important to use the Japanese valuation data set estimated using the nonparametric Bayesian technique presented in this article. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933593 Fri, 17 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933593 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838262&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001115%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Studies that identify the type and timing of RS in certain client populations are useful for planning the timing of treatment and the methods to measure RS clinically. Validation of the model and adjusting for the effects of multiple testing increases confidence in the mental health model and the resulting identification of RS. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838262 Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838262 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138566&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001188%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: We provide a practical approach for model development and validation with multiply imputed data. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138566 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138566 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055491&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900095X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Absolute measures of treatment effect can be derived in prospective studies when Cox regression is used to adjust for possible imbalance in prognostically important baseline covariates. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055491 Tue, 14 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055491 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838261&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000973%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Traditional pre-test/post-test data appear to be robust with little indication of response shift. In contrast, the weaker psychometric performance of then-test/post-test data suggests psychometric flaws that may be the result of implicit theory of change, social desirability, and recall bias. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838261 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838261 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3250338&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001103%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Meta-analysis is an essential tool for summarizing medical research and determining the efficacy of therapies and procedures. Meta-analysis has been used in all areas of medical practice and aims to produce an overall estimate of the average treatment effect. Traditionally, this has been accomplished using information and results from published studies. Although such aggregate data meta-analyses (ADMA) are occasionally supplemented with additional data from study investigators, patient information in ADMA is always aggregated to the study level. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3250338 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3250338 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138568&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001176%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Data on VTE obtained from administrative registries are a valuable source of information but should be used with caution in medical research. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138568 Mon, 13 Jul 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138568 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838259&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001140%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Our approach enables the distinction and testing of biases and response shifts in the measurement and explanation of HRQL. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838259 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838259 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838258&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001152%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: A framework for assessing response shift was proposed and investigators planning trials of interventions targeting patient-reported outcomes should build into the trial methods for response shift investigation. In trials of interventions likely to induce response shift, before concluding about intervention-induced change, response shift should be ruled out by using a combination of design and statistical approaches. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838258 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838258 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838257&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001139%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Rpart classification provides a nuanced treatment of response shift. This methodology has implications for evaluating programs, guiding decisions, and targeting care. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838257 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838257 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838253&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001127%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments play an important role in evaluating the impact of health care interventions for chronic and acute conditions. The comparison of HRQL scores is based on a belief that the meaning of concepts and measurement scales remains stable in individuals' minds over time and is similar between groups. This assumption may be challenged. Indeed, measures of self-reported health often yield counter-intuitive results. When there are differences among people or within people over time in internal standards, values, or conceptualizations, then scores derived from HRQL measures may not be comparable. These response shifts may alter psychometric properties of HRQOL questionnaires, such as reliability, validity, and responsiveness. The implications are that th... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838253 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838253 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644294&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001164%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Although the MPQ has been adapted into a large number of languages, because of inadequate testing most of the adaptations have unknown clinimetric properties. This situation means that users should be cautious when interpreting scores from adapted questionnaires. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644294 Sun, 12 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644294 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559630&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000948%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Results provide initial report of the validity and reliability of the CS of the DUI. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559630 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 18:16:43 +0100 2559630 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559621&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001656%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559621 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 18:16:43 +0100 2559621 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559620&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001620%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559620 Wed, 01 Jul 2009 18:16:43 +0100 2559620 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055490&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900078X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: For application in clinical research and practice, MIC values are always considered at the individual level, but determined in groups of patients. The interpretation comes with different forms of uncertainty. To appreciate the uncertainty, knowledge of the underlying distributions of change scores is indispensable. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055490 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055490 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933591&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000523%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Monte Carlo modeling can be used to translate surrogate outcomes into clinical outcomes. Statistically significant changes in anticoagulation control did not translate to significant differences in clinical outcomes. This methodology could be applied to other areas in medicine to assess surrogate outcomes. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933591 Mon, 22 Jun 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933591 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838256&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000961%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: It is important to distinguish between measurement and conceptual perspectives as they involve different ideas about response shift. Definitions from both perspectives help to resolve conceptual and methodological confusion around response shift and to further its research. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838256 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838256 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644293&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000894%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Graphical modeling of human functioning using data collected by means of the ICF yields clinically meaningful results. The structures found may be the basis for the identification of suitable targets for rehabilitation interventions, the identification of confounders and intermediate variables, and the selection of parsimonious sets of variables for multivariate epidemiological modeling. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644293 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644293 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644292&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000882%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The ICF category interval scales to operationalize single ICF categories can be constructed. The original format of the items included in the interval scales remains unchanged. This study represents a step forward in the operationalization and future implementation of the ICF. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644292 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644292 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2644291&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000870%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: For the first time, a cross-cultural clinical measure of functioning was constructed which integrates ICF categories. The results of this investigation are promising and can contribute to the acceptance and usefulness of the ICF in clinical practice. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2644291 Sun, 21 Jun 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2644291 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2439348&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001413%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2439348 Fri, 29 May 2009 00:38:10 +0100 2439348 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2439347&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001383%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2439347 Fri, 29 May 2009 00:38:10 +0100 2439347 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559636&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000912%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To the editor: Borm et al. discuss that the results of a single trial often may not appropriately reflect the heterogeneity in a field of clinical research. Although this is not implausible, in our view this article deserves a couple of comments. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559636 Thu, 28 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2559636 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3138567&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900081X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: These findings on participants who are at high risk of dropout may be useful in the planning phase of future prospective studies. Of the possible reasons for attrition, refusal is the most important because it is amenable to change. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3138567 Wed, 27 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3138567 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055496&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000791%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: A record review process with two physicians per record including a consensus procedure to assess AEs is not more reliable than a record review process with one physician. Retrospective estimates of incidence of AEs from record review studies should be interpreted with caution. Improvement of the method is necessary for monitoring incidence of AEs over time at a national level. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055496 Wed, 27 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055496 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933594&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000808%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: These two large experiments revealed no evidence of effect of publicity on recruitment rates. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933594 Wed, 27 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933594 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559634&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000821%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Based on the presented objective and indirect evidence, required author contribution forms were not associated with a decrease in author counts. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559634 Tue, 26 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2559634 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055493&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000602%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Conventional methods do not control for unmeasured factors, which often remain important when addressing confounding by indication. PS and IV analysis methods can be useful under specific situations, but neither method adequately controlled confounding by indication in this study. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055493 Wed, 20 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055493 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055497&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900064X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The validation of caregiver's recall for medical procedures has important implications for research and care, because often it is the only information source we can rely on. The questionnaire showed good sensitivity and poor specificity concerning real hospitalizations, and had moderate degree of agreement with the data reported in the administrative data. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055497 Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055497 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055494&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000663%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: When assessing adherence rates, the level appears dependent on the method of self-report chosen. Hence, more research must analyze which adherence measurement will result in valid responses and which variables are associated with congruency between single- and multiple-item measurements. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055494 Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055494 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933589&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000651%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: Bivariate estimates of sensitivity and specificity generate summary LRs similar to those derived with univariate methods. Our empiric results suggest that recalculating LRs in published research will not likely create dramatic changes as a function of the random effects measure chosen. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933589 Mon, 18 May 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933589 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2781091&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000614%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes It is widely recognized that, for all of their virtues, randomized trials cannot be relied on to provide answers to all of our questions regarding the impact of medical interventions . For example, the nature and duration of a protocol for administering a given treatment may differ between the setting of the trial and that of medical practice more generally. Also, it is possible that in some regards, patients who fall outside a trial's eligibility criteria may be atypical in their response to the treatment. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2781091 Sun, 17 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2781091 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559624&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000638%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Most of the methods try to impute, adjust, or construct a reference standard. In situations that deviate only marginally from the classical diagnostic accuracy paradigm, these are valuable methods. In cases where an acceptable reference standard does not exist, the concept of clinical test validation may provide an alternative paradigm to evaluate a diagnostic test. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559624 Sun, 17 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2559624 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395888&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001048%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395888 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:47:25 +0100 2395888 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395887&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001036%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395887 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:47:23 +0100 2395887 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395886&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000201%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In the late 1980s, together with other colleagues in Wellington, New Zealand, I conducted a series of case–control studies , which indicated that the use of inhaled fenoterol was associated with an increased risk of death from asthma. The findings were of potential public health importance, because there was an epidemic of asthma deaths in New Zealand, which we attributed to the high market share for fenoterol ; fenoterol had similar pharmacological properties as isoprenaline forte, which had caused asthma mortality epidemics in six countries (including New Zealand) in the 1960s . (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395886 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:47:00 +0100 2395886 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395885&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609001024%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395885 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:46:58 +0100 2395885 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2395884&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000997%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2395884 Fri, 08 May 2009 00:46:53 +0100 2395884 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2559637&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000900%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In their reaction to our article, “The evidence provided by a single trial is less reliable than its statistical analysis suggests,” Rücker et al. extensively discussed how heterogeneity should be quantified, concluding that although our results may be plausible, our methods are incorrect . This response argues that their comments are based on misconceptions. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2559637 Thu, 07 May 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2559637 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055495&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000535%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The precision of local PAR estimates can be considerably improved by incorporating external data, as opposed to limiting the calculation to data only from the local population. In some cases, variation in local PAR estimates largely reflects uncertainty in the local estimate of exposure P. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055495 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055495 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933592&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000560%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Agreement between self-reported utilization and insurance claims were fairly good in general population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933592 Wed, 29 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933592 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363159&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608003508%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: The current literature being used as a resource for teaching in medical schools and continuing education lacks the validity necessary to be useful. There are no good physical examination tests that exist for effectively diagnosing a SLAP lesion. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363159 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:27 +0100 2363159 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363158&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608001170%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: This measure of self-reported disease burden represents an amalgamation of functional capabilities, social considerations, and medical conditions that are not captured by two administrative data-based measures of morbidity. This suggests that (a) self-reported descriptions of multimorbidity incorporate biopsychosocial constructs that reflect the perceived burden of multimorbidity, (b) a simple count of diagnoses should be supplemented by an assessment of activity limitations imposed by these conditions, and (c) choice of the morbidity measurement instrument should be based on the outcome of interest rather than on the most convenient method of measurement. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363158 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:27 +0100 2363158 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363157&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608002382%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Once updated, the diagnostic model is valid and can be applied with reasonable performance in an animal health apprentice setting. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363157 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:26 +0100 2363157 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363156&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560800262X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Objective: To compare physicians' treatment and referral decisions for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for standardized patients with matching paper patients.Study Design and Setting: Sixty-seven physicians (38 family physicians and 29 orthopedic surgeons) performed blinded assessments of two standardized patients (one man and one woman) with moderate knee osteoarthritis and otherwise identical clinical scenarios differing only in gender, and consented to including their data. Standardized patients recorded physicians' recommendations (yes/no) to refer for, or perform, TKA. Sixty physicians provided their treatment recommendations to matching paper patients.Results: Recommendation rates for both the male and the female standardized patients (67% and 32%, respectively) were lower co... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363156 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:25 +0100 2363156 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363155&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608001352%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions: The use of qualitative methodology to generate different perspectives derived different content. Clinicians, caregivers, and patients all agreed on the importance of three domains but differed in their prioritization and specific issues. These findings provide the necessary foundation for development of a comprehensive tool to measure medical consequences among patients with dysphagia. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363155 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:23 +0100 2363155 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363154&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608002783%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Together, quantile regression and RCS are a powerful combination for exploring relationships between continuous variables. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363154 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:16 +0100 2363154 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363153&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900016X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Available funding, number and location of reviewers, data needs, and the complexity of the project should govern the selection of a data-extraction tool when conducting systematic reviews. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363153 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:14 +0100 2363153 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363152&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000432%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes It is the thesis of this paper that most therapeutic trials are inadequately formulated, and this from the earliest stages of their conception. Their inadequacy is basic, in that the trials may be aimed at the solution of one or other of two radically different kinds of problem; the resulting ambiguity affects the definition of the treatments, the assessment of the results, the choice of subjects and the way in which the treatments are compared.It often occurs that one type of approach is ethically less defensible than the other, or may even be ruled out altogether on ethical grounds. We postpone consideration of this aspect of the question until a later section. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363152 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:13 +0100 2363152 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363151&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000456%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In this response to the mechanists we will first address what the mechanists have labeled as areas of possible disagreement and areas of clear disagreement. We will then describe what we believe is at the heart of our disagreement and conclude with what we consider to be a pragmatic resolution. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363151 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:13 +0100 2363151 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363150&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000468%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes To inform our response to the traditionalist's commentary, we have corresponded directly with Dr. Oxman on email. We would like to thank the traditionalists for this productive interchange. To be most clearly informative to the audience, we will organize our response under areas in which we perceive clear agreement in our viewpoints, areas in which there is partial agreement or in which we are uncertain of the extent of agreement, and areas in which there is clear disagreement. In doing so, we will quote directly from the traditionalist's emails. For points of agreement or possible agreement we will use the terms “pragmatic” and “explanatory.” (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363150 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:13 +0100 2363150 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363149&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000444%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Pragmatic trials aim to inform a health care decision, whereas explanatory trials focus on understanding . As a consequence, pragmatic trials are undertaken under conditions very similar to the usual care setting, whereas explanatory trials are undertaken under ideal conditions to maximize success. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363149 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:13 +0100 2363149 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363148&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435608000577%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Abstract: Methodologists have traditionally categorized randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as explanatory (representing the ideal setting) and pragmatic (representing the real-world setting). Although this framework has greatly advanced the design and interpretation of RCTs, current interpretations of the explanatory-pragmatic framework suffer from two major limitations. First, they confound purpose with structure. Second, they ignore the varying perspective of those using RCT results to make clinical and policy decisions in the real world. The purpose of a trial should determine researchers' choices regarding the trial's structure and the structure of a trial determines the extent to which a decision maker will find the results useful. In this article, we introduce two terms that refer e... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363148 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:08 +0100 2363148 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363147&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900050X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Successful policymakers value pragmatism. As politics is “the art of the possible,” pragmatism is the art of the practical and workable. It entails getting more results sooner through flexibility rather than slavish adherence to rigid preconceptions. This requires experience with the trade-offs between quality and timeliness, between central control and local adaptation, and between leading and following. It calls for good judgment on when to uphold principles vs. when to compromise, such as when to abide by experts' systematic reviews of evidence vs. heeding opinion-based consensus. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363147 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:07 +0100 2363147 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363146&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000481%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: We believe that PRECIS is a useful first step toward a tool that can help trialists to ensure that their design decisions are consistent with the stated purpose of the trial. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363146 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:07 +0100 2363146 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363145&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS089543560900047X%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes In 1967 Daniel Schwartz and Joseph Lellouch, two French statisticians, and their British colleague and translator, Michael Healy wrote:“[M]ost therapeutic trials are inadequately formulated, and this from the earliest stages of their conception” (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363145 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:06 +0100 2363145 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363144&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000717%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363144 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:06 +0100 2363144 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2363143&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000687%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2363143 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 18:02:06 +0100 2363143 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=3055498&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000584%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: Considering the poor specificity and high rates of false-positive results for both the STRATIFY tool and nurses' clinical judgments, we conclude that neither of these approaches are useful for screening of falls in acute hospital settings. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=3055498 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 3055498 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933588&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000572%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusions can depend on the type of SROCC.Conclusion: The bivariate random effects meta-analysis model is an appropriate and convenient framework to investigate the effect of covariates on the performance of diagnostic tests as measured by SROCCs. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933588 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933588 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933582&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000596%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: A Bayesian analysis with reasonable assumptions produces results remarkably in line with a more simple, non-Bayesian intuition—that the evidence against the null hypothesis provided by a precise P-value should not depend on power. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933582 Fri, 24 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933582 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2838265&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000249%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: No existing studies on reliability of triage systems account for mistriage. Using triage-weighted kappa, which reflects severity of mistriage, shows that the reliability of triage systems is lower than reported. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2838265 Thu, 23 Apr 2009 23:00:00 +0100 2838265 http://www.medworm.com/index.php?rid=2933586&cid=s_38500_54_f&fid=38500&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jclinepi.com%2Farticle%2FPIIS0895435609000304%2Fabstract%3Frss%3Dyes Conclusion: DERP reviews reveal deficiencies of the evidence when applied to Medicaid populations. To increase health equity and provide evidence for policies that serve socially disadvantaged populations, drug trials, and other studies should include more members of these populations. Systematic reviews should include low-SES as a prespecified subgroup. (Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology journals http://www.medworm.com/rss/comments.php?id=2933586 Mon, 20 Apr 2009 00:00:00 +0100 2933586